file page_number text analysis 0 W3016250885.pdf 34 "Accepted Manuscript, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (online April 2020) Published version: https://www.sciencedirect.com/sc ience/article/pii/S1055790320300889 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106816   34  This work is licensed under the Creative Commons  Attribution ‐NonCommercial ‐ NoDerivs 3.0 Unported  License. To view a copy of this license, visit  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by ‐nc‐nd/3.0/    Heibel, E. Wikramanayake, D. Olson, H. L. López, R. E. Reis, J. G. Lundberg, M. H. 673  Sabaj Pérez, and P. Petry. 2008. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of 674  Biogeographic Units for Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation. BioScience 58:403-414. 675  Agnese, J.-F. and G. G. Teugels. 2005. Insigh t into the phylogeny of African Clariidae 676  (Teleostei, Siluriformes): implications for their body shape evolution, biogeography, and 677  taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36:546-553. 678  Baric, S., W. Salzburger, and C. Sturmbauer . 2003. Phylogeography and evolution of the 679  Tanganyikan cichlid genus Tropheus based upon mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal 680  of Molecular Evolution 56:54-68. 681  Barnhart, M. C., W. R. Haag, and W. R. Roston. 2008. Adaptations to host infection and larval 682  parasitism in Unionoida. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 27:370- 683  394. 684  Bell-Cross, G. 1966. The distribution of fishes in Central Africa. Fisheries Research Bulletin 685  Zambia 4:3-20. 686  Bogan, A. E. and K. J. Roe. 2008. Freshwater bi valve (Unioniformes) diversity, systematics, and 687  evolution: status and future directions. Journal of the North American Benthological 688  Society 27:349-369. 689  Bolotov, I. N., A. Kondakov, I. V. Vikhrev, O. V. Aksenova, Y. V. Bespalaya, M. Y. Gofarov, 690  Y. S. Kolosova, E. S. Konopleva, V. M. Spitsyn, K. Tanmuangpak, and S. 691  Tumpeesuwan. 2017. Ancient river inference explains exceptional oriental freshwater 692  mussel radiations. Scientific Reports 7:e2135 (doi: 2110.1038/s41598-41017-02312-z). 693 " 1 W1580689211.pdf 0 "189 which I was able to apply it the presence of fluid might have been determined beyond reasonable doubt. When properly checked by test and counter-test the paravertebral triangle is our finest and apparently our only reliable reagent for the detection of small amounts of free fluid at the base of the pleura and also for some estimate as to its quantity. This method of diagnosis is at the same time by far the easiest and the most rapid to carry out. It is, therefore, likely to be regarded in the future not only as important but as often indispensable. I am, Sirs, yours faithfully, WILLIAM EWART. Curzon-street, Mayfair, W., July 14th, 1907. THE TSETSE FLY. To the Editors of THE LANCET. SIRS,-At a time when so much interest is being taken in the tsetse fly it may be of interest to some of your readers to make known publicly what I have already men- tioned to one or two medical friends. About three years ago (when I was travelling commissioner here) I asked somE native chiefs if they knevr the fly that did harm to then cattle. They said they did but that the fly did no damage unless it had pre2ioecsly bitten a ""red"" "" mon7aey. By this l think is meant a ""yellow monkey, not uncommon out her( (the natives have no names for different shades of colour af we have), and I never saw a "" red "" monkey. I give this fo] what it is worth, but there was no reason why a monke should have been mentioned any more than a goat unless thl natives thought there was some truth in the statement Westwood (‘‘ Introduction to Study of Insects"") mention: in a footnote that M. Vallot noticed the existence of al oestrideous larva in a monkey, and possibly it was a zimb The matter seems worth looking into at any rate. I am, Sirs, yours faithfully, J. WINN SAMPSON, F.R.M.S., Police Magistrate. Calabar, South Nigeria, June 14th, 1907.J. WINN SAMPSON, F.R.M.S., Police Magistrate. THE HAMPSTEAD GENERAL HOSPITAL. To the Editors of THE LANCET. SiRS,-In your last issue Mr. A. Craske makes a great deal of what is obviously an error in the report of my speech. My assertion was that the income from the invested funds of the North-West London Hospital was under Z200 a year ; it is actually £170. I am, Sirs, yours faithfully, E. COLLINGWOOD ANDREWS. Hampstead, N.W., July 16t-h, 1907.E. COLLINGWOOD ANDREWS. THE IMAGINATIVE TEMPER IN SCIENCE. To the Editors of THE LANCET. I SIRS,-I think homoeopaths will have good reason to grumble with your article on the Imaginative Temper in Science"" and to comment on the taste and tact of the writer and also of the Editor in introducing this subject into a leading article and making statements about it which its followers will be unable to controvert, not because they cannot, but because their replies would be boycotted, as this one will be, by the Editor who places as a motto over one of his columns ""Audi alteram partem."" "" I am, Sirs, your obedient servant, Dewsbury, July 14th, 1907. J. J. G. PRITCHARD. J. J. G. PRITCHARD. A NIGHT SHELTER FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS. To the Editors of THE LANCET. SrRS,-We beg your courtesy for a little space in your valuable journal for a special appeal on behalf of a cheap and decent night shelter for women and girls which we are anxious to establish in London. The idea is the outcome of hundreds of sympathetic letters received since the publication of ""The Soul Market"" which gave Mrs. Archibald MacKirdy’s personal experiences among the poor and outcast. A lady has promised us R1000 if four other ladies or gentlemen will give or collect like sums. The plans for the shelter are made on the most economical and practical lines. It is hoped it will, when built and equipped, be self-supporting. The charges will be 2d. to 4d. a night and this refuge will be the means of helping many agirl and woman back to good citizenship and decent living.We are favoured with Royal sympathy and our committee include the following ladies and gentlemen among others :- The Duchess of St. Albans, Lady Wemyss, Lady Brassey, Lady Evelyn Moreton, Lady Wright, Mrs. Herbert Gladstone, Lord Reay, Lord Curzon, Lord Brassey, Lord Strathcona, Sir W. Wright, Sir Dyce Duckworth, Sir W. S. Gilbert, and the Rav. Arch. Fleming. B Subscriptions may be sent to Lady Brassey, the treasurer of the fund, at, 24, Park-lane, London, W. We are, Sirs, yours very truly, SYBIL DE V. BRASSEY, OLIVE CHRISTIAN MACKIRDY. THE REFORM OF THE ROYAL NAVY MEDICAL SERVICE. To the Editors of THE LANCET. SIRS,-The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have just issued an order that naval medical officers are not to receive fees for evidence at coroner’s inquests or for performing post-mortem examinations on a coroner’s order, and that they are to consider this part of their duty as naval medical officers. I ask you to publish this letter because I think that this order may have been issued before their lordships had been sufficiently well advised upon the matter, and also in order that we may hear through your valuable columns the opinions of some of our brothers in the profession. I have always believed that on taking our diplomas to practise as medical men and becoming registered we were, partly by power of the Charter of the Medical Faculty to which we belonged and partly by right as a registered medical practitioner, entitled to certain privileges and at the same time bound by certain restrictions. The right to demand fees from a coroner I have always looked on as a right conferred by being a registered medical man. Surely, if one class of Government officials are to be debarred from receiving these fees that can only be done by Act of Parliament, which would alter the coroner’s law, and at the same time surely it should be made applicable to all paid out of the public purse, whether Admiralty, War Office, Local Government Board, or municipal authority. I regret to say that there is a feeling of uncertainty in our branch of the profession as to whether you would care to ventilate our grievances in your valuable journal owing to pressure from the medical department of the Admiralty, who are not anxious that candidates for the Service should be deterred from joining when they read what is published. As I am sure that you would not close your valuable journal to any true and sensible grievance I send you this letter. There is a widespread view,, that it is I quite time that the suggested reforms by which manywere lately induced to enter the Service should be brought in as there is a great desire for improvement by many, not in the direction of pay, rank, or privileges, but in promotion of efficiency throughout the Service. The open disapproval shown to men who endeavour to im- prove their general knowledge by working at bacteriology has caused much discontent. The present way of distri- buting hospital appointments which are so few as to be insufficient to enable every medical officer to obtain one during his whole career in the Service and which could so easily be remedied by shortening the term of office ; and in order to avoid long journeys and expense to the department in travelling exchanges could be effected every 12 months with men serving in the port or in the fleet attached to the station. The present system of employment of large numbers of medical officers in the home and reserve fleets which all have reduced crews and most of the home fleet ships having two medical officers. These fleets, the home and reserve, have not sufficient work for one man for three ships. It certainly shows the kindness and generosity of the Admiralty in keeping the officers on full pay, but I for one would much rather have efficiency than idleness, as once appointed to one of these ships one has to remain on board daily from 9 A.M. to 1.30 and most ships until 3.30, although there may not be one man sick and there is always one ship flying a medical guard flag which signifies an officer on board all day for emergency. There are many who suggest that in the case of these medical officers they should, after visiting their ship in order to see the sick, be appointed to the hospital as medical or surgical registrars in order to keep " 2 W4242450733.pdf 0 "Open Peer Review on Qeios Open Peer Review on Qeios Intratendinous Route of Administration National Cancer Institute Source National Cancer Institute. Intratendinous Route of Administration . NCI Thesaurus. Code C38265. The administration of an agent within a tendon. The route is used for local therapy in various conditions of the tendinous or bursal structures such as tendinitis, tenosynovitis, epicondylitis, etc. Depending on indications and the drug, injection could be done into the tendon sheath or into the substance of the tendon. Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020 Qeios ID: XQAZ9F · https://doi.org/10.32388/XQAZ9F 1 / 1" 3 W3210345755.pdf 8 "9 Vol.:(0123456789) Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:21463 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99743-6 www.nature.com/scientificreports/Small angle neutron scattering. SANS measurements were performed in order to get further informa- tion on the structural organization of the optimized NLC, with and without tetracaine. The samples were pre- pared in D2O to reach a significant contrast between the solvent and the nanoparticles. First, all the NLC systems exhibit negligible changes when measurements were conducted at 25 °C and at 37 °C (as shown in Figure S1 for CP-DK/TTC and MM-DK/TTC). SANS data then revealed several systematic tendencies in the internal arrangement of the nanoparticles (Fig.  5). For those prepared with cetyl palmitate and Transcutol (CP-TRANS/ TTC, CP-TRANS) correlation peaks in the SANS curves indicated the existence of lamellar structures inside the NLC (Fig.  5A), in agreement with previous reports in the literature, obtained with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance45 and molecular Dynamics54. Indeed, among the blends of solid and lipid lipids tested, cetyl palmitate and TRANS have the largest difference in polarity, and their SL:LL molar ratio (0.66) was the smallest among the three optimized formulations (Table S3). Because of that, the lamellar structure revealed by SANS results from the reorganization of CP molecules in the lipid NLC core, avoiding the contact with TRANS molecules (see “Discussion” below). Interestingly, and in agreement with that, the Design of Experiments study revealed that only for the CP-TRANS formulation (Fig.  1A) the amount of solid lipid (CP) played a significant effect, determining increased particles size. Figure 5. SANS data, measured at 25 °C, for the optimized NLC formulations and their controls (without TTC): (A ) CP-TRANS, (B ) CP-DK, (C ) MM-DK. (D –F) Schematic representation of the lipid arrangements in the inner core of the three kind of nanoparticles (for the sake of clarify the surfactant molecules are not represented). Notice that a lamellar structure was detected in the core of CP-TRANS particles (D ) while hydrophobic clusters (dotted lines) were observed between the lipids CP-DK (E ) and MM-DK systems (F )." 4 W4391222929.pdf 0 "25 Ethiopian Medical Journal 2024, 62(1) Open access articles distributed in terms of Creative Commons Attribution Licence [CC by 4.0] https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/emj.v62i1.4 ISSN 0014 -1755 eISSN 2415 -2420 Ayele et al. Original Article Factors Associated with Neurocognitive Impairment in Treatment Experienced HIV+ Adults from a Tertiary Care Center in Ethiopia Biniyam A. Ayele1*, Kiran T. Thakur2, Wondwossen Amogne3 1Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University 2 Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, USA 3 Department of Internal medicine, School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Corresponding authors*: biniyam.a7@gmail.com Abstract Background: Given the improvement in life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub -Saharan Afri - ca, the risk of asymptomatic HIV -associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) has increased. The study objectives were to investigate the prevalence of HAND and associated factors among treatment experienced adults in Ethiopia. Methods: A single -center observational cross -sectional study was conducted between December 2019 and June 2020 to investigate HAND. International HIV dementia scale (IHDS) was used to screen for the dis order. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Total of 324 PLWH (63% females) who were on combination antiretroviral therapy for median of 144 months (IQR: 108 -168) were investigated. The mean age was 42.5 years (1SD=12.2). The prevalence of HAND was 75.3% and the difference was significantly more in those above 40 years of age (65.8% vs. 80.7%, p=0.003). Age is the only risk factor identified with multivariable logistic regression analysis. A linear decrement in the total score of cognitive performance was observed as the patient’s age increase; age was responsible for 9.4% variation observed in IHDS score (r= -0.31, R2=0.094, p<0.0001). Although statistically not -significant, the trend for cardio - metabolic and behavioral risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol and khat use) was higher in the group diagnosed with HAND. Conclusion: The occurrence of neurocognitive impairment was more pronounced in individuals aged 40 years and above who were HIV positive, compared to those below 40 years. Age was found to be an independent predictor of HAND. Cardiovascular and behavioral risk factors were observed more among patients with HAND compared to no-HAND. Keywords : HIV -associated neur ocognitive disorder; aging; cardiovascular risk factors; behavioral risk factors; Ethiopia Citation : Ayele BA, Thakur KT, Amogne W et al. Factors associated with neurocognitive impairment in treatment experienced HIV+ adults from a tertiary care center in Ethiopia: A perspective study. Ethiop Med J 62 (1) 25 - 31 Submission date : 14 March 2023 Accepted: 22 November 2023 Published: 1 January 2024 Introduction HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder is an umbrella term, which includes asymptomatic neurocognitive im - pairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), and HIV-associated dementia (HAD) in individuals suffering from chronic HIV infection (1–3). Post com - bination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era is characterized by relati ve decrement in incidence of the severe form of HAND (i.e., HAD) and increment in incidence of ANI and MND (1–3). Likewise, the overall prevalence of HAND has remained similar in the post -cART era with almost affecting half of HIV infected individuals (1–3). Early identification of those at risk, accurate diagnosis, and treatment of HAND is vital especially in low and middle income (LMIC) countries such as Ethiopia, where HAND related health bur- den is highest (3). Prior studies have identified that decline in cognitive function of HIV + patients were strongly associated with poor cART adherence, engaging in unsafe sex, substance abuse, alcohol addiction, and loss to follow up; ultimately resulting in poor quality of life and increased HIV-associated morbidity and" 5 W4389556171.pdf 6 "Figure 4b, c characterize the catalytic nitroce fin hydrolysis, induced by the amine-substituted mutants. In general, all amine-substitutions led to a decrease in the catalytic activity in comparison tothe parent PSM α3. Speci fically, α3-N.Ac., α3-K6A, α3-K9A, and α3-K17A displayed minimal degradation of nitroce fin after two hours, re flected in the low concentration of the degradation product and low V 0values. These findings indicate that the primary amines of the N-terminus and t h es i d ec h a i n so fK 6 ,K 9 ,a n dK 1 7p l a yc r i t i c a lr o l e si nt h ec a t a l y t i cactivity of PSM α3fibrils. Interestingly, α3-K12A fibrils exhibited more pronounced catalytic activity alb eit lower than the parent peptide, generating 70% substrate degradation after two hours and indicatingthat K12 differs in its contribution to the catalytic active site and/or thereaction mechanism. pH titration experiments (Fig. S10) reveal that thepKa values of the amine moieties in the PSM α3fibrils were close to physiological pH (7.4), indicating ready occurrence of deprotonation, thereby enhancing the nucleophilic properties of the lysine residues (Fig. S10). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out, designed to probe the nitroce fin binding modality onto the surface of PSM α3 fibrils, and furnishing a comprehensive overview of the structural and mechanistic features of the catalytic process (Fig. 5). To facilitate the MD analysis, we constructed a minimal representation of the amyloidsurface (Fig. 5a) and placed nitroce fin in an unbound state approxi- mately 2 nm from the surface (Fig. S11). We then aggregated 100 µso f simulation time over 20 repeat simulations of the binding processobtaining extensive sampling of ligand adsorption, binding con- formations, and transitions between them. Binding site clustering using the PyLipID software 58reveals two distinct bound conformations (Fig. 5bi,ii) based on the longest average binding duration of nitroce fin, which is ~300 ns for both sites. Inspection of the bound conformationsindicates that distinct structural features are shared between theconformations. Speci fically, the two bound nitroce fin conformations are anchored in the cavity between two PSM α3 helices by the thio- phene moiety, which binds in a hydrophobic pocket consisting ofphenylalanine F8 and F10. Likewise, the dinitrostyryl moiety binds inthe F8, F10 pocket in both conformations, but in the adjacent cavity tothe thiophene. Interestingly, the conformations mainly differ in the orientation of the β-lactam carbonyl of the 4-membered ring that is susceptible to be hydrolyzed resulting in nitroce find e g r a d a t i o n .I nt h e first binding site the carbonyl binds the two central lysines, K9 and K12 (Fig. 5b,i), while in the second site, the carbonyl binds to the N-terminal primary amine of methionine M1 and lysine K6 (Fig. 5b,ii). Given the very slow turnover, covalent trapping of β-lactam intermediates may occur, accounting for the nucleophilic properties of the lysines. Fig. 5 | Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of nitroce fin binding to PSM α3 amyloid fibrils ’surface. a The cross- αamyloid fibrils of PSM α3, composed of bilayer made of amphiphilic α-helices, display arrays of lysine residues (marked in purple, based on PDB structure 5I5523).bMD simulations reveal two distinct binding conformations of nitroce fint ot h e fibril surface (conformation (i) and (ii)). In both conformations, the β-lactam ring binds the primary amines of PSM α3(β-lactam carbonyl marked with a black arrow). cThe fraction of contacts between the β-lactam carbonyl and the peptide residues, calculated with a 0.45 nm contact cutoff. dThree-state Bayesian Markov State Model between the unbound state and the bound states M1|K6 ( b, right) and K9|K12 ( b, left). The free energy for each state at 20oC and transition rates between the states were calculated from the MSM transition matrix. The sample standard deviation is shown in parentheses.Article https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43624-1 Nature Communications | (2023) 14:8198 7" 6 W4224275305.pdf 1 "376 Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2022;80(4):375-383INTRODUCTION The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that COVID- 19 constituted a pandemic on March 11, 20201. According to WHO data, the virus had infected 172,956,039 people worldwide as of June 7, 2021, and had caused 3,726,466 deaths2. Two coronaviruses previously identified as SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV have caused large-scale epidemics3,4. SARS- CoV-2 may have higher neuroinvasive potential than previ- ous coronaviruses5. Viruses enter the central nervous system (CNS) essen - tially through hematogenous and neuronal retrograde prop - agation pathways. SARS-CoV-2 can also bind to angioten- sin receptor 2 (ACE2), which is expressed in the capillary endothelium of the blood brain barrier (BBB), to access the CNS6,7. The ACE2 receptor is expressed intensely in the cer - ebellum, thalamic nuclei, inferior olivary nucleus, ventro- lateral medulla and tractus solitarius nucleus, in the CNS1,8. SARS-CoV-2 has higher affinity for the ACE2 receptors found in neurons and endothelial cells than does SARS-CoV-17. The mechanisms that have been suggested for the devel- opment of various neurological syndromes include direct viral neuronal damage, a hyperinflammatory syndrome secondary to viremia, para-infectious and post-infectious inflammatory or immune-mediated disorders, sepsis, hyper - pyrexia, hypoxia, hypercoagulopathy and critical illness. Several neurological conditions, including encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, ischemic stroke, acute necrotizing encephalopathy and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), have been found to coexist with COVID-199. Considering the high rates of COVID-19 infection in the general population, it is important to distinguish whether COVID-19 is associated with neurological involvement or whether coexistence of neurological diseases is coincidental, with support from scientific data10. In our study, we retrospectively reviewed the files of 2,329 patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 pneu- monia and hospitalized in the wards or intensive care units (ICUs) of our institution. We conducted statistical analyses on the data regarding neurological findings, demographic data, relationships with other chronic diseases, radiology and laboratory findings and drug use, with regard to 154 patients who required neurological consultations (NC). METHODS The files of 2,329 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia who were hospitalized in the wards and ICUs of our institution, between March 23, 2020, and October 1, 2020, were examined. The clinical findings, radiological find- ings and treatment records of 154 patients who required NC due to neurological symptoms were screened retrospec- tively by evaluating the consultation notes and patient files. The reason for requesting NC, neurological diagnoses, neu- rological examination findings and radiological data of all patients were examined. Patients under 18 years of age, those with a negative PCR test and/or without findings compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia on chest computed tomography imaging were not included in the evaluation. The study protocol was approved by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health Scientific Research Platform and by Firat University Medical School Clinical Research Ethics Board. The age, sex, ICU admission and length of hospitalization of the patients who required NC were evaluated. The PCO2, pH, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), oxygen saturation, lymphocyte, white blood cell (WBC), thrombocyte, ferritin, D-dimer, pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP), fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) values of the patients were recorded. The treatments that they received were recorded. The frequencies of neurological or non-neu- rological chronic comorbid diseases among the patients in this group were examined. The neurological findings mag - netic resonance imaging (MRI), CT, electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) findings of the patients were evaluated. The demographic data, risk factors, treat- ments and radiological and laboratory findings of patients who were diagnosed with delirium, acute ischemic or hemor - rhagic stroke were evaluated. Delirium patients were identi- fied by using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS). RASS is a 10-point scale, where (0) indicates a calm and alert state, while the levels from +1 to +4 indicate increasing lev- els of agitation and the levels from -1 to -5 indicate increas- ing levels of sedation11. It has been stated that patients with RASS scores between -4 and +4 can be evaluated as having delirium12. Statistical analysis The data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v.22 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) Descriptive statistics were expressed as the number and percentage for categorical data and as the mean ±standard deviation for continuous data. Pearson chi- square analysis was used to compare categorical variables between groups. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normality of distribution of continuous vari- ables. The one-way ANOVA test was used to compare the nor - mally distributed numerical measurements in more than two groups. Student’s t-test was used for comparison of paired groups. P<0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. RESUL TS The files of a total of 2,329 COVID-19 pneumo- nia patients were screened in this study. The number of patients who required NC was 154. NC were requested for" 7 W2898330393.pdf 4 "Мамитова Н. В. и др. Использование инструментов цифровой экономики в контексте минимизации коррупционных рисков 7 Не случайно о необходимости усиления борьбы с коррупцией неоднократно ука- зывалось Президентом Российской Феде - рации В. В. Путиным и другими государ - ственными и политическими лицами на- шего государства1. Законодателем предпринимаются по- пытки сформулировать понятие этого не- гативного явления и определить норма - тивно -правовые контуры противодействия коррупции . Так, в действующем законода - тельстве под термином «коррупция » по- нимаются злоупотребление служебным положением , дача взятки , получение взят - ки, злоупотребление полномочиями , ком- мерческий подкуп или иное незаконное использование физическим лицом своего должностного положения вопреки закон - ным интересам общества и государства в целях получения выгоды в виде денег , ценностей , иного имущества или услуг имущественного характера , иных имуще - ственных прав для себя или для третьих лиц, либо незаконное предоставление та- кой выгоды указанному лицу другими фи- зическими лицами , либо совершение дея- ний , указанных выше , от имени или в ин- тересах юридического лица [3. – C. 388]. В результате сложившихся на сего - дняшний день социальных , экономиче - ских , политических и правовых условий в стране наиболее эффективными мерами борьбы с коррупцией являются не уголов - ные, а гражданско -правовые методы . Ука- занное положение находит отражение в научных исследованиях . В свое время Н. М. Коркунов отмечал , что уголовная кара не восстанавливает нарушенного права и не возмещает вред , причиненный преступником [4. – С. 694]. Ученые пола - гают , что процесс реализации уголовно - правовых норм достаточно сложен , а самое главное – не гарантирует ожидаемых ре- зультатов из-за отсутствия материальных и кадровых ресурсов и в целом низкой эф- фективности работы правоохранительной 1 См.: Послание Президента Владимира Путина Фе- деральному Собранию Российской Федерации // Российская газета . – 2012. – 13 декабря . системы , поскольку она в первую очередь подвержена «коррупционной эрозии ». Особенно подчеркивается , что перекос в сторону уголовного права , уверенность , что уголовное наказание эффективно обеспечит как общую , так и частную пре- венцию , привели к тому , что наше право не имеет развитой системы гражданско - правовых средств противодействия кор- рупции [5. – C. 267]. Коррупция – многовекторное явление социальной действительности . С помощью состава преступления , по мнению специа - листов -практиков (не теоретиков уголов - ного права ), нельзя определить ее общест - венную опасность . С. С. Алексеев справед - ливо указывает на необходимость прини - мать во внимание в процессе действия по- зитивного права многообразие фактов со- циальной практики : экономических , поли - тических , психологических , индивидуаль - но-житейских и многих других [1. – С. 39]. Мы полагаем , что правильнее было бы на- звать это революционное для правоприме - нительной практики явление не социаль - ным составом преступления , а социальным составом правонарушения и в зависимости прежде всего от личности правонарушите - ля в подавляющем большинстве случаев применять гражданско -правовые меры и только в исключительных – уголовно - правовые . Также мы считаем , что, во- первых , уголовное наказание , связанное с лишением свободы , не обеспечит исправ - ление коррупционера , а скорее наоборот – укрепит в его поведении антиобществен - ные установки ; во-вторых , борьба с кор- рупцией уголовно -правовыми методами – это чаще всего видимость борьбы , по- скольку не секрет , что на муниципальном уровне нередко существует круговая по- рука среди чиновников , которая не позво - ляет изобличить своих и порушить моно - литные ряды так называемой местничковой элиты ; в-третьих , уголовное наказание , как правило , не предполагает абсолютной конфискации всего незаконно нажитого имущества коррупционера и имущества , находящегося в его родственных кланах ." 8 W2228033673.pdf 3 "km, and the average household size is 5.58. The literacy rate of this district is 35%. In this district, 87% of the population is Muslim, 13% Hindu, 0.1% Christian and 0.002% Buddhist (BBS, 2013) [11]. Most of the people in study areas are involved with agricultural activities. We conducted this study in three sub-districts of Sunamgonj district. Most of the roads in the study areas aremade of mud, some of which are broken. The entire study area remains under water for half of the year. It is very difficult to move from one place to another in the villages during the rainy sea- son; villagers have to use bamboo bridges to cross the haors or marshy areas. During the rainy season, the only form of transportation is boat, without which one cannot move from one place to another. However, boats are not always available. After the rainy season is over, villagers mostly move from one place to another on foot. The only vehicle used is the motorbike whichpregnant women cannot easily use, especially as the road remains dilapidated long after the rainy season is over. Therefore, poor road conditions and lack of availability of transportation in both the rainy and dry seasons deter women from seeking facility based maternal and child healthcare in this study area. Residents of the study area usually seek health services from informal pro- viders such as: village doctors or drug sellers in and around the community. Study participants and sampling procedure We included several categories of study participants such as stakeholders which included influen- tial community members, formal and informal maternal and child health (MCH) service provid-ers, as well as community women. Stakeholders included Upazila Nirbahi Officers (UNO), Upazila Chairman, and Union Parisad (UP) chairman, UP member, as well as community influ- ential persons such as Imamas (Muslim religious leader) and teachers. As part of the formalMCH service providers we interviewed government Family Welfare Assistants (FWAs), FamilyWelfare Visitors (FWVs), Health Assistants (HAs), Upazila Family Planning Officers (UFPOs), Upazila Health & Family Planning Officers (UH&FPOs), obstetrics and gynecology consultants and nurses. We interviewed Village Doctors (VDs) and Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) asinformal MCH service providers. Finally, we interviewed community women with at least one living child below one year of age at the time of interviews to get their own experiences and per- ceptions regarding home delivery and preferences for TBAs. We applied a snowball samplingtechnique to identify the eligible respondents for both KIIs and IDIs. This snowball sampling approach helped us to easily identify eligible respondents. Those TBAs and VDs who were most popular or who conducted or assisted with high volume delivery in the last one year were identi-fied and selected as study participants and identified based on discussions with the local commu- nity. While qualitative study participants were purposively selected in the field, several eligibility criteria were used as a sampling frame including: education for the women ( <5v s .>5 class); years of involvement as community leader for the local elite e.g., UP member, Chairman, Imam,Teacher, etc; job duration for the formal and informal health service providers (experience for 5 years or more) in the maternal and child health and Family Planning field. We used purposive sampling to select the respondents in consultation with the community people living in the studyarea who could provide the most appropriate information to serve the purpose of the study. We shared our study objectives among the community people and asked them to let us know who would be best person to discuss on this issue. Therefore, community people themselves identifiedthe key informants and based on our selection criteria we went to respective informants to con- duct interviews. A detailed sampling frame is presented in Fig 1 . Sample Size We conducted 21 KIIs with stakeholders, 21 KIIs with formal health service providers, and 12 KIIs with informal providers at the community and facility level. In addition, 12 IDIs with Preference for Home Delivery with TBA in Rural Bangladesh PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0146161 January 5, 2016 4/1 9" 9 W3025453843.pdf 5 "Okusaga O, Yolken R, Langenberg P ,et al. (2011). Association with seropositivity for influenza andcoronaviruses with history of mood disorders andsuicide attempts. Journal of Affective disorders 130(1–2), 220 –225. Pivonello R, Simeoli C, Cristina de Martino M ,et al. (2015). Neuropsychiatric disorders in Cushing ’s syndrome. Frontiers in Neuroscience 9, 129. Published online 2015 Apr 20. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00129 . Rasa S, Nora-Krukle Z, Henning N, Eliassen E, Shikova E, Harrer T, Scheibenbogen C, Murovska M, Prusty BK(2018). Chronic viral infections in myalgicencepaholmyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Translational Medicine 16(268). doi: 10.1186/s12967-018- 1644-y . Straus SE, Tosato G, Armstrong G ,et al. (1985). Persisting illness and fatigue in adults with evidence of Epstein-Barrvirus infection. Annals of Internal Medicine 102,7–16. Unger ER, Lin JS, Brimmer DJ, Lapp CW, Komaroff AL, Nath A, Laird S, Iskander J (2016). CDC grand rounds:chronic fatigue syndrome- advancing research and clinical education. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 65(50 –51), 1434 –1438. Van den Heuvel L, Chishinga N, Kinyanda E ,et al. (2013). Frequency and correlates of anxiety and mood disorderamong TB- and HIV-infected Zambians. AIDS Care 25, 12; 1527 –1535. Vollmer-Conna U (2001). Acute sickness behavior: an immune system to brain communication. Psychological Medicine 31, 761 –767. Wang X, Zhang L, Lei Y ,et al. (2015). Meta-analysis of infectious agents and depression. Scientific Reports 4, 4530. doi:10.1038/srep04530 . Wojcik W, Armstrong D, Kanaan R (2011). Chronic fatigue syndrome: labels, meanings and consequences. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 70(6), 500 –504. Xu J, Zhong S, Liu J ,et al. (2005). Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus in the brain: potential role of chemokine migration in pathogenesis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 41, 1089 –1096.300 D. Lyons et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.40 Published online by Cambridge University Press" 10 W2920071635.pdf 6 "to the size of the obese cohort, data for these women were combined into one group rather than being analysed separate- ly obese, severely obese and morbidly obese women. Morbidly obese women, in particular, present a different set of surgical and anaesthetic challenges to obese and severely obese women, meaning conclusions from this study should be extrapolated to morbidly obese women with caution. Although the three groups had similar baseline charac- teristics, the obese cohort was more likely to have a stage 3–4 apical POP on preoperative POP-Q. This may reflect that obese women with stage 2 vault POP were less likely to opt for surgery or an abdominal approach, or that in this cohort, they presented with a greater degree of POP than women who were overweight or of normal BMI. Preoperative POP stage 3 or 4 is a risk factor for recur- rence, and this bias could have affected subjective and objective cure rates in the obese group, although our anal- ysis would suggest this was not the case [ 3,18]. Interpretation This study demonstrates LSC is equally effective and with a comparable safety profile for normal weight, overweight and obese women when performed by a trained laparoscopic urogynaecologist. Data show a trend towards increased oper- ating time in normal weight women. One possible explanation is that surgeons are more likely to undertake complex cases, such as those with dense adhesions or previous urostomy, in women of normal BMI. An alternative explanation is that surgeons may prefer teaching trainee surgeons whilst operat- ing on women of normal BMI, which in turn may lead to longer operating times. This could also be a reflection of the small sample size. Generalisability All operations were performed in a tertiary unit by subspecial- ist urogynaecologists trained in laparoscopic urogynaecology. LSC can be technically challenging and requires an experi- enced laparoscopic surgeon to perform, particularly in over- weight and obese women due to difficulty accessing the sacral promontory. This is because the sacral promontory may be more difficult to identify and dissect in overweight and obese women, increasing the risk of a major vascular injury. Another difficulty performing LSC in obese women is in maintaining adequate ventilation while generating sufficient abdominal pressure to perform the procedure. We found this is easier when working with anaesthetists with bariatric experience. Our findings may not be generalisable to smaller units that do not have the equipment or personnel for managing obese women undergoing laparoscopy.Overall Findings from this study are important, particularly in the context of the expanding obesity epidemic. Our data supports offering LSC to obese women with vault prolapse. It is our practice to offer both a LSC and a non-mesh alternative in the form of a vaginal sacrospinous fixation to all suitable women presenting with vault prolapse who wish to have surgical man- agement as part of a patient-centred, nondirective approach to care. Funding Coloplast provided funding to support data collection of the primary study (not published) and provision of the light-weight mesh but had no involvement in the design, analysis or conclusions of this second- ary study. Compliance with ethical standards The findings of this study were presented at the British Society of Urogynaecology annual research meeting. None of the authors have any competing interests in the study. Ethical approval All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institu- tional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Conflicts of interest C. Mahoney has received research grants from the National Institute of Health Research UK (NIHR) and is a member of the technical team for the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) Clinical Guidelines on Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse. G. Scott declares no conflicts of interest. L. Dwyer has received research funding from Bulkamid. F. Reid has received research funding for an unrestricted industry funded investigator led study of stress urinary in- continence from Contura, was chief i nvestigator for a human tissue author- ity funded randomised controlled study of prolapse (PROSPECT) and is a member of Specialised National Health Service (NHS) commissioning committee for women's health. K. Ward is topic lead of the NICE Clinical Guideline on Urinary Incont inence Update. A. Smith has previous- ly received a research grant from Co loplast, which funded the primary study. R. Kearney is topic lead of the NICE Clinical Guideline on Pelvic Organ Prolapse Update and chief investigator of the Treatment of Prolapse with Self-care Pessary Study. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appro- priate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Publisher ’sn o t e Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdic- tional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. References 1. Marchionni M, Bracco G, Checcucci V , Carabaneanu A, Coccia E, Mecacci F, et al. True incidence of vaginal vault prolapse. Thirteen years of experience. J Reprod Med. 1999;44(8):679 –84.Int Urogynecol J (2019) 30:2041 –2048 2047" 11 W4231148076.pdf 0 "Research ArticleGlobal Dermatology ISSN: 2056-7863 Glob Dermatol, 2014 doi: 10.15761/GOD.1000116 Volume 1(2): 47-50The efficacy and safety of Er:YAG laser for treatment of atrophic acne scars Mohamad Goldust* and Ramin Raghifar General Practitioner, Tabriz Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Abstract Objective: The efficacy of fractional erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser is well substantiated. This study aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of Er:YAG laser for treatment of atrophic acne scars. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 150 patients received four treatment sessions with Er:YAG fractional laser at 1-month interval. The laser parameters were kept constant for each of the four sittings in all patients. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were done using Goodman and Barron grading. Subjective assessment in percentage of improvement was also documented 1 month after each session. Photographs were taken before each treatment session and 1 month after the final session. Results: Most patients showed at least fair improvement. Rolling and superficial box scars showed higher significant improvement when compared with ice pick and deep box scars. Patient’s satisfaction of improvement was higher when compared to physician’s observations. No serious adverse effects were noted with exacerbation of acne lesions forming the majority. Conclusion: Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing was found to be a safe and effective treatment modality for treatment of atrophic acne scars. Introduction Acne scars are the most common causes of facial scarring. Because the cosmetic discomfort is important for patients, therapeutic approaches seem to be precious and indispensable. Laser skin resurfacing has become a popular treatment modality for patients with atrophic acne scars [1,2]. Years after outgrowing acne, the aftermath of acne scars persists. Advances in acne therapy and dermatologic surgery have made it unnecessary for acne patients, both current and past to endure acne scarring [3,4]. For the lucky majority, acne scarring is a minor annoyance, obvious to the one affected yet difficult for others to see. For some, however, acne scarring can cause devastating long-term emotional suffering [5,6]. Teens may deal with depression, become withdrawn and lose self-confidence. Because 95% of acne patients will develop scarring to some degree, the earlier the treatment appropriate for the severity of the outbreak is initiated, the better the odds are that scar formation will be mild [7,8]. Delaying acne therapy by 3 or more years is likely to increase one’s risk of more significant acne scarring. Newer acne therapies make it needless for anyone to suffer from severe acne or develop scarring [9,10]. Early medical intervention is key to preventing unnecessary disfigurement. While this doesn’t mean that everyone suffering a solitary blemish or minor premenstrual flare-up should rush to schedule an appointment with a dermatologist [11,12]. Many therapeutic measures such as chemical peeling, subcision, dermabrasion, fillers, and punch techniques have been performed to improve acne scarring but with suboptimal outcomes [13,14]. Although significant clinical improvements can be seen with ablative lasers, adverse effects such as prolonged post-procedure erythema and dyspigmentation impede their widespread use especially in patients with darker skin [15,16]. Erbium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG) laser treatment was approved for cutaneous laser resurfacing by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1996 [4,5]. Once the surface skin is ablated layer by layer, the skin regenerates with increased collagen production [17,18]. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of Er:YAG laser for treatment of atrophic acne scars. Methods This cross sectional study was designed using fractional laser resurfacing for the treatment of atrophic facial acne scars in 150 patients in Tabriz special clinic from April 2011 to April 2014. This study was approved by local ethic committee. Written consent was obtained from all the patients. Patients diagnosed with atrophic acne scarring aged 18 years or above were included. Exclusion criteria were patients with infectious diseases (hepatitis B and C, HIV), history of mkeloids or hypertrophic scarring, photosensitivity, unrealistic expectation of the patient and facial laser resurfacing, chemical peels, fillers, or botulinum toxin injection or usage of oral retinoids within the last 6 months. No regimen was prescribed prior to laser therapy. For the anesthesia, topical EMLA cream (Astra Zeneca, UK) was used prior to each laser procedure. After 30 minutes, the topical anesthetic was removed. Eyes were protected with eye shields. All 150 patients received four sittings of laser treatment at 1-month interval. They were treated with fractional ablative resurfacing module using 2940 nm Er:YAG Correspondence to: Mohamad Goldust, General Practitioner, Tabriz Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Tel: 00989111289630, Fax: 00984113368805; E-mail: Drmgoldust@yahoo.com Key words: atrophic acne scars, Er:YAG laser, treatmentReceived: November 18, 2014; Accepted: December 20, 2014; Published: December 22, 2014" 12 W2542694118.pdf 4 "133 GOSPODARKA OPARTA NA WIEDZY JAKO DETERMINANTA KONWERGENCJI GOSPODARCZEJ… rozwojowej, może być wzrost efektywności pracy. Teza ta znajduje potwierdzenie w literaturze przedmiotu [Dobrinsky, Havlik, 2014, s. 21; Gärtner, 2003, s. 271]. Doświadczenia krajów zrzeszonych w Organizacji Współpracy Gospodarczej i Roz- woju (OECD) wskazują, że struktura czynników produkcji ulega obecnie poważnej zmianie. Malejący udział niskokwalifikowanej siły roboczej i kapitału fizycznego w tworzeniu PKB jest kompensowany przez wzrost udziału technologii, kapita - łu ludzkiego i kapitału społecznego [Marciniak, 2009, s. 369]. Przewaga postępu technicznego jako czynnika wzrostu wynika również z faktu, że usprawnienia o cha- rakterze technicznym w sposób trwały wpływają na długookresową stopę wzrostu, natomiast skutki ekonomiczne wzrostu stopy inwestycji zanikają po osiągnięciu nowego stanu ustalonego [Kubielas, 2009, s. 228]. 4. Gospodarka oparta na wiedzy w Polsce 4.1. Definicja pojęcia Zgodnie z definicją przyjętą przez OECD i Bank Światowy pojęcie „gospodarka oparta na wiedzy” oznacza model gospodarki, w którym […] wiedza jest tworzona, pozyskiwana, przekazywana i wykorzystywana efektywnie przez przedsiębiorstwa, organizacje, jednostki i społeczności. Nie jest ograniczona do przemysłów zaawansowanych technologii lub technologii informacyjno-telekomunikacyjnych, ale stanowi podstawę analiz politycznych w dziedzinie edukacji, infrastruktury informacyjnej i systemów innowacji, które mogą sprzyjać wprowadzaniu GOW [Dahlman, Anderson, 2000, s. 3]. Ze względu na odnotowane w literaturze przedmiotu różnice w podejściu meto - dologicznym do pomiaru zaawansowania GOW [Piech, 2006, s. 232; Skrzypek, 2009, s. 83–85] i wielość ujęć definicyjnych tego pojęcia [Bojewska, 2015, s. 25; Dworak, 2014, s. 13; Żelazny, 2015, s. 47] ocena stanu zaawansowania GOW w konkretnym przypadku jest uzależniona od przyjętej definicji tego pojęcia i doboru danych źró - dłowych [Dworak, 2014, s. 11–14]. Powszechnie stosowana do pomiaru zaawansowania kraju pod względem GOW jest metodologia Banku Światowego KAM (Knowledge Assessment Methodology) [World Bank, 2012; Strożek, 2012, s. 106–110]. Umożliwia ona obliczenie dla po - szczególnych obszarów geograficznych syntetycznego wskaźnika zaawansowania poziomu gospodarki opartej na wiedzy KEI (Knowledge Economy Index), który opiera się na takich filarach, jak: 1. Bodźce ekonomiczne i otoczenie instytucjonalne. 2. Innowacje i adaptacja technologiczna. 3. Edukacja i szkolenia. 4. Infrastruktura informacyjno-telekomunikacyjna.Pobrane z czasopisma Annales H - Oeconomia http://oeconomia.annales.umcs.pl Data: 18/05/2024 03:36:12" 13 W4206908695.pdf 8 "Page 9 of 11 Signer‑Hasler et al. Genetics Selection Evolution (2022) 54:6 from a lineage close to the West Caucasian tur and is linked to pathogen resistance. In line with this study, we report a ROH island that harbors MUC6 (Table  4) and (see Additional file  1: Table S3). However, we cannot con - firm the fixation of the haplotype in the 10 modern goat populations investigated here (results not shown). In addition to the signature of selection containing MUC6 , Zheng et al. [34] located the strongest signature of selection on chromosome 15 that harbors the STIM1 and RRM1 genes. STIM1 was previously presented as a  specific signature of directional selection in domes - tic goats [26]. In our data, the region on chromosome 15 (32,098,192–32,367,622 bp) that contains the RHOG , STIM1 and RRM1 genes was one among the 15 com - mon ROH islands in the 217 individuals from the 10 modern breeds (Fig.  3, Table  3) and (see Additional file  1: Tables S2 and S3). Whether the reduced genetic diversity in modern breeds is the result of selection on behavio - ral advantages [3, 34], improvement of meat quantity [26] or other phenotypes is not yet clear. The underlying causative variant(s) of this signature of selection and the selected phenotype(s) need to be investigated in future studies. We present a more detailed analysis of the eight genes that are in ROH islands (Table  3). Two of these genes, STC1 and SLC9A3 showed the highest differentiation between BEZ and modern goat breeds (see Additional file 1: Table  S3). In all the modern breeds, the fraction of individuals that carry these genes in a ROH is ubiqui - tously high, while the corresponding proportions in BEZ are remarkably lower (Tables  3 and 4) and (see Additional file 1: Tables S2 and S3). Both of these genes harbor vari - ants that nearly reached fixation in the modern breeds. Interestingly, SLC9A3 was previously detected in a signa - ture of selection by comparing WGS data from 24 BEZ and 164 domestic modern goats [34]. We speculate that these genes played an important role during differentia - tion between the wild Bezoar and modern goat breeds and consequently, they could represent new domestica - tion genes. Protein coding variants in the STC1 and TSHR genes Detailed inspection of the STC1 gene revealed a mis - sense variant (p.Lys139Arg). Modern European goats are nearly fixed for the derived allele, while Bezoar goats are completely fixed for the reference allele (Fig.  4). The data from the VarGoats consortium confirmed the absence of the alternate allele in wild goats (N = 44) and its high frequency in modern European goats (0.90; N = 282) (see Additional file  1: Table S5). The STC1 gene encodes stanniocalcin-1, a glycoprotein that is involved in differ - ent biological processes including angiogenesis, bone and muscle development, and cellular metabolism [35]. Jellinek et al. [36] proposed, that STC1 and STC2 play a role in calcium and phosphate homoeostasis. Based on immunocytochemistry analysis, it was concluded that the stanniocalcin-1 protein is involved in muscle and bone development of the mouse fetus [37]. The STC2 gene was suggested to explain size reduction in dogs [28, 38]. Rah - malla et al. [39] showed that the Taggar goat breed, which is an achondroplastic dwarf goat breed, was strongly dif - ferentiated from other Sudanese goat breeds at 208 genes including STC1 . In dairy cattle, STC1 was proposed to be involved in the lactation process and the control of involution of milk-producing tissue [40]. Unfortu - nately, information describing phenotypic differences between modern goat breeds and wild Bezoar goats is sparse (Table  1) but it is assumed, that the domestication of goats led to a reduction in body size and horns [41] and that milk yield increased [42]. We speculate that the STC1 :p.Lys139Arg variant may contribute to differences in body size or milk yield between modern goat breeds and wild Bezoar goats. The exact functional role of this variant needs to be validated in future studies. The ROH island that contains the TSHR gene and the TSHR :p.Ala239Thr variant raised our interest. A variant in the TSHR gene was previously shown to cause reduced seasonality of reproduction in domestic chicken com - pared to its wild ancestor, the jungle fowl [29]. In sheep, TSHR was highlighted in an ancestral signature of selec - tion by Fariello et  al. [43] and the authors concluded, that sheep raised in temperate climates experience a reproductive cycle under photoperiodic control. All the modern goat breeds investigated here have a seasonal reproductive cycle starting in late August with decreas - ing day length, followed by a birth season from January till March after 150  days of gestation. In contrast, for wild Bezoar goats, rut is described to last from Novem - ber until February [44, 45]. Including the information from the VarGoats consortium, we found that the fre - quencies for the derived 239Thr allele were close to 80% in the European goat breeds, while the frequencies were lower than 20% for goats sampled in tropical regions such as Africa, Asia, Oceania and America (see Additional file 1: Table  S5). Goats bred in tropical and equatorial regions are subject to less variation in photoperiod and temperature. They display a longer breeding season than those bred in temperate and polar regions, which exhibit more pronounced seasonal effects [46]. As a promi - nent example, the Boer goat originating from Africa has a non-seasonal reproductive cycle [47, 48]. Only five of the 37 sequences from the Boer individuals collected by the VarGoats consortium carried the alternate allele in a heterozygous state, while the remaining 32 goats were homozygous for the reference allele (see Additional file  1: Table S5). In previous studies, SOX14, NOCT, RAI1, TH" 14 W1974735456.pdf 2 "e 0,7 cm de largura basal. Em câmara asséptica, foi realizado corte da parte aérea l ,0 cm acima do rizoma com o auxílio de pinça e bisturi flambados, retiran- do-se possíveis raízes. Os explantes foram inoculados em meio de cultura M1, isento de fítoreguladores, com as di- versas concentrações de BAR Foram a seguir leva- dos para sala de crescimento. O delineamento ado- tado foi o inteiramente casualizado e a avaliação foi realizada através do peso e do número de brotos emitidos após 45 dias. Uma vez que existem autores que recomen- dam a utilização de reguladores de crescimento (auxinas) para a indução do enraizamento em Musa e outros que dispensam a sua utilização, realizou-se experimento para a determinação dos melhores reguladores de crescimento e concentrações adequa- das a serem utilizados para o enraizamento de plântulas de bananeira ""Maçã"". Para tanto, foram usadas 130 plântulas, com aproximadamente 3,5 cm de altura, originadas do cultivo in vitro e que ainda não estavam enraizadas. Os reguladores de crescimento testados fo- ram as auxinas AIA, AIB e ANA, sendo que asplântulas foram inoculadas individualmente em tu- bos de ensaio contendo 25 ml de meio Ml, sem a presença de citocininas, com as auxinas citadas nas concentrações de 0; 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 e 5,0 mg.l-1 e 1,5 g.1-1 de gel (phytagel-Sigma) e mantidas em sala de crescimento. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (doses) e 10 repetições (1 plântula por repetição). A avaliação foi feita através do número de raízes e comprimento do sistema radicular após 14 dias da inoculação. Após as plântulas atingirem 6-9 cm, fo- ram levadas para casa de vegetação, onde foram aclimatadas em sacos plásticos de 10 x 12 cm, con- tendo mistura autoclavada de terra argilosa, matéria orgânica e areia nas proporções de 1:1:1, respectiva- mente. As mudas foram colocadas dentro de câma- ra úmida durante 4 dias. Após este período, foram retiradas e mantidas dentro de casa de vegetação As análises estatísticas foram realizadas através de análises de variância e foi utilizado o tes- te de Tukey para os dados de contagem transformados segundo e através de equações de regres- são, quando necessário. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO Os ápices caulinares inoculados, que a princípio possuíam a coloração creme, adquiriram a coloração verde após uma semana, CRONAUER & KRIKORIAN (1984) também observaram estas al- terações, porém, no presente trabalho, os explantes apresentaram leve escurescimento devido a oxida- ção superficial dos mesmos, a qual, não chegou a prejudicar o seu desenvolvimento. Durante os primeiros vinte dias ocorreu entumescimento dos explantes, que cresceram diametralmente. Após 25-35 dias de cultivo inicia- ram-se as brotações que atingiram em média 5-6 brotos por explante em 45 dias de cultivo.Com relação à capacidade de brotação de ápices caulinares extraídos de diferentes maneiras, após um mês, os resultados podem ser vistos na TABELA l. Em alguns casos, houve tendência para a formação de plântulas únicas, sem brotações late- rais, isto ocorreu em alguns explantes pertencentes ao tipo 2. O tratamento que diferiu estatisticamente, apresentando o maior número médio de brotos foi o de número 3, isto é, os ápices caulinares que sofre- ram a retirada das bainhas foliares e que continham o ápice caulinar apical mais as gemas laterais. NOVAK et al. (1987) utilizaram explantes que correspondem ao tipo 5 com a finalidade de indução de mutações. No presente trabalho, este explante apresentou tendência para menor média " 15 W4299509952.pdf 2 " Comparison of Extral evator Abdominoperineal Excision (ELAPE)and Abdominal - Perineal Resection (APR) http://www.ijSciences.com V olume 5 – March 2016 (03) 109 prospective multicentric study of ELAPE[11]. There are 102 patients of postoperative of ELAPE in this study. The median intraoperative blood loss was 200mL. There are 6 cases with positive of CRM (5.9 %), there are 4 cases with IOP(3.9%), local recurrence rate was 4.9%. Whether single -center or multicentric study confirmed ELAPE has a lower rate of IOP and positive rate of CRM and local recurrence rate than traditional APR. 4. Operative time and blood loss volume ELAPE needs changing position, while APR su rgery without changing position, ELAPE and APR have a roughly the same time during the surgery of abdominal and perineal region, therefore the operative time of ELAPE was significantly longer than the APR. The surgical field of ELAPE more in the gap betwee n advances, the gap between relatively small amount of bleeding. The surgical fields of ELAPE between the gap and less hemorrhage volume between the gap. 5. Postoperative quality of life Angenete et al [12] compared clinical data from 2004 to 2009，it contains 31 cases of traditional APR and 38 cases ELAPE. During a mean follow -up of 44 months , stoma necrosis were more common for ELAPE (34% VS10%), but it is common that stome bandaging problem and low stoma height for traditional APR. The patients wer e followed up for one year, two groups have no significant difference of stoma function. Welsch et al [13] retrospectively analyzed 30 patients from 2007 to 2011 and accept ELAPE, it is the similar for traditional APR at the quality of life score and they think that the ELAPE did not reduce the overall quality of life scores. But ELAPE have a higher incidence of complication of perineal especially the perineal pain (50%) and affect the postoperative urinary reproductive function.It is pointed out that it ne ed to improve the technology in order to reduce complications. Vaughan -Shaw et al. [14] compared APR and ELAPE in the quality of life,it includes 16 cases of ELAPE and 20 cases of APR and evaluate the quality of life of the patients who after two weeks sur gery use EORTC 、QLQ -C30 and QLQ -C29 questionnaires. They found that it is no significant difference in the quality of life and short -term prognosis of the two groups of patients. From the current study, the overall quality of life in patients after ELAPE ha s no significant difference with the traditional APR, but the incidence of postoperative perineal chronic pain may increase. ELAPE surgery removes more tissue around the rectum, forming a huge defect of pelvic floor . It may increase the chance of pelvic and perineal nerve damage, especially the pelvic plexus, the pudendal nerve, the penis / clitoris dorsal nerve and the pelvic neurovascular bundle and it may increase the incidence of postoperative complications what the sexual dysfunction and urinary rete ntion .[15] Recent European multi -center study point out that in addition to the perineal wound complications and the pelvic complications of ELAPE is two times that of traditional APR, mainly composed of sexual function and urination disorders .[16]The l aparoscopic ELAPE study also found that after the QLQ -CR29 questionnaire survey , male patients have significant erectile dysfunction (average 75 points ), they comprehensive analysis of all patients and found that the frequency of urination has a moderate ly increase (average 37.5 points ).[17] 6. Surgical wound infection and surgical incision reoperation rate In 2012 a single -center retrospective study in Sweden compered two cases of ELAPE and APR in quality of resection specimens and postoperative complica tions .[18] The two groups were comparable in operative indications and the TNM stage of preoperative . The study shows that ELAPE and APR have no statistical significance in the positive rate of CRM (17% vs.20%) and the rate of IOP(13% vs.10%)" 16 W2790066768.pdf 0 "Revista da Faculdade de Serviço Social da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro 366 R E S E N H A A experiência brasileira das fábricas recuperadas PIRES, A. S. S. As fábricas recuperadas no Brasil : o desafio da autogestão. São Carlos: EdUFSCcar, 2016. Mariana Costa Carvalho* .............................................................................. * Mestre em Serviço Social pela Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), doutoranda em Serviço Social pela Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PPGSS/FSS/Uerj). Correspondência: Rua Engenheiro José Carlos Morais Sarmento, 259, apt. 201, Santa Catarina, Juiz de Fora - MG. CEP: 36036-100. Email: .A obra, publicada em 2016, resulta de pesquisa de doutoramento em Sociologia, em 2014, na Universidade Federal de São Carlos. O livro,estruturado em 5 partes, apresenta os resultados de pesquisa de Aline SuelenPires que possui trajetória acadêmica na área de Sociologia do Trabalho. Oobjeto da pesquisa é a apresentação da situação atual das fábricas recupe-radas no Brasil, pensadas em articulação com a autogestão, cooperativismo, economia solidária e a percepção dos trabalhadores envolvidos. A pesquisa abarcou visitas a nove empresas recuperadas no Brasil, com a realização de entrevistas e observações: Cooperminas, Bruscor,Coopermambrini, Coopersalto, Metalcoop, Copromem, Uniforja, Unimá-quinas e Flaskô. Além de visitas às principais instituições de apoio às fábricasrecuperadas, a ANTEAG (Associação Nacional de Trabalhadores e em Em-presas de Autogestão e Participação Acionária) e a UNISOL Brasil (Centralde Cooperativas e Empreendimentos Solidários). Realiza um comparativo entre a experiência brasileira e argentina, traz uma breve apresentação das experiências de fábricas recuperadas deoutros países da América Latina e, ainda, notas sobre o cooperativismo e aeconomia solidária na Europa atual. Totalizando 12 visitas a empresas recu- peradas. EM PAUTA, Rio de Janeiro _ 2o Semestre de 2017 - n. 40, v. 15, p. 366 - 369" 17 W3197246832.pdf 0 "1 Vol.:(0123456789) Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:17641 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96916-1 www.nature.com/scientificreportsAuthor Correction: Identification, characterization and control of a sequence variant in monoclonal antibody drug product: a case study Anushikha Thakur , Rekha Nagpal, Avik Kumar Ghosh, Deepak Gadamshetty, Sirisha Nagapattinam, Malini Subbarao, Shreshtha Rakshit, Sneha Padiyar, Suma Sreenivas, Nagaraja Govindappa, Harish V. Pai & Ramakrishnan Melarkode Subbaraman Correction to: Scientific Reports https:// doi. org/ 10. 1038/ s41598- 021- 92338-1 , published online 24 June 2021 The Supplementary Information published with this Article contained errors. The order of authors was incorrectly given as Anushikha Thakur, Rekha Nagpal, Deepak Gadamshetty, Sirisha N., Malini Subbarao, Shreshtha Rakshit, Sneha Padiyar, Suma Sreenivas, Nagaraja G., Harish V Pai, Ramakrishnan M. S, Avik Kumar Ghosh. In addition, Affiliation 1 was incorrectly given as “Science and Technology Innovation Center (SnTIC), Biocon Biologics, Biocon Park, SEZ, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, India 560100. ” These errors have now been corrected in the Supplementary Information file that accompanies the original Article. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/. © The Author(s) 2021OPEN " 18 W4281566253.pdf 9 "any treatment for SLE, which is quite interesting. Is the background of the case’s history and progression described in sufficient detail? Partly Are enough details provided of any physical examination and diagnostic tests, treatment given and outcomes? Partly Is sufficient discussion included of the importance of the findings and their relevance to future understanding of disease processes, diagnosis or treatment? Yes Is the case presented with sufficient detail to be useful for other practitioners? No Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: TTP, Hematology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. Reviewer Report  15 November 2021 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.54448.r97915 © 2021 Pavenski K. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Katerina Pavenski 1 Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada 2 Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada This is a case report of a 32yo female with a new diagnosis of presumably immune TTP. The case is not unique but still may have value to the readers with appropriate revisions. I summarize my feedback below: Title Based on reading this case report, I am not convinced that your patient fulfils the diagnostic criteria for SLE. She clearly has positive autoimmune serology but does not appear to have any clinical features of SLE. Finding of positive autoimmune serology is not uncommon in patients with  Page 10 of 16F1000Research 2022, 10:552 Last updated: 12 DEC 2023" 19 W4324126658.pdf 15 " J.U. Okoye e t al. / NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research 5(1) 20 23 pp. 179-194 194 the government to the incessant building collapse Undergoing illegal constructs by the owner 175 No 32 , Ibadan Street, Off Herbal Macaulay Way, Ebute -Meta 3 storey Building April, 1st 2022 10 death Failed integrity test mark for demolition, some occupants left but the rest material testing 176 Chris Igade Street, Off Ago Palace Wary, Opposite Kilamajaro/AP , Lagos State 2 storey building May 7th 2022 No casualty was recorded during the incident Structural defects 177 Freeman Street, Lagos Island, Lagos 2 storey building May 21st 2022 1 dead Heavy downpou r (rainfall)/structural failure Source: [2,3,4,5,6,7] " 20 W4390429233.pdf 7 "EUROPEJSKIE STUDIA HUMANISTYCZNE: Państwo i Społeczeństwo Issue 3, 2014-201591precedes data collection. Before proceeding to the evaluation of the model the researcher has to deal with issues related to the sample size and data validation. Sample size . Determining the size of the sample, some researchers consider the following requirements: error model specifications, the complexity of models used and the method of assessment model features of the distribution of observed variables [4, 8]. The error specification of the model can be called in case of exclusion or inclusion of certain variables or parameters. The sample size affects the probability of a correct evaluation of the model and the definition of the error specification. Typically when a complexity of the model is increased the volume of the sample is increased too. The useful rule for determining the sample size depending of the complexity of the model is suggested by R.B. Kline [8, p.12]. This N / q rule, where N – number of participants, and q – the number of model parameters that require statistical estimates. The ideal ratio of sample size to parameters is 20:1. Less ideal ratio is 10:1. Multicollinearity . This applies to situations where the measured variables (indicators) are too closely related. This is a problem for the application of the method of SEM, because researchers use related indicators as indicators of constructs and if these figures are too strongly connected they can influence certain statistical tests results. The common practice to check the data for multicollinearity is to calculate the bivariate correlations for all measured variables. Any pair of variables with correlations greater than r = 0,85 causes potential problems. In such cases one of these two variables should be excluded from further analysis. Multivariate normal . Commonly used methods of LSG suggest that multivariate distribution usually has a normal distribution. R.B. Kline (2005) showed that if all the one-dimensional distributions are normal, and the joint distribution of any pair of variables is bivariate normal. Violation of these assumptions can affect the accuracy of the statistical tests in structural equation modeling. Multivariate normality is investigated using the normalized multivariate kurtosis values which is called Mardia. This is done by comparing the coefficient data Mardia for studies with values calculated according to the formula p × (p + 2), where p is equal to the number of observed variables in the model. If the coefficient of Mardia lower than the value obtained from the above formula the data are considered as multivariate normal. Missing data . The presence of missing data often occurs due to factors" 21 W2280697408.pdf 2 "92 СЛОБОЖАНСЬКИЙ НАУКОВО-СПОРТИВНИЙ ВІСНИК  2014  №2 (40)ISSN 1991-0177 для отримання найвищої оцінки, він становить 10 хв для хлопців і 11.30 хв для дівчат . У віці 15 років норма - тив є більшим і становить 9 хв та 10.30 хв для хлопців та дівчат відповідно. Якщо перевести ці показники у метричні виміри, то 1600 м 13-річний учень мав би до - лати за 10 хв (табл. 1). Надалі зупинимося на аналізі нормативів спрямо - ваних на визначення рівня розвитку сили. В Україні, діючою навчальною програмою запропоновано тесто - вий норматив підтягування на перекладені для хлоп - ців та модифікований вид підтягування для дівчат [5]. Схожий підхід пропонується і навчальною програ - мою з фізичного виховання у Російській Федерації . Однак, слід звернути увагу на те, що норматив для дівчат з віком зменшується. Можливо, це пов’язано з природним зменшенням показників відносної сили, що власне і враховано діючою програмою. У США оцінка силових можливостей здійснюєть - ся тестовою вправою, яка складається з трьох різних вправ, а саме: з гинання-розгинання рук в упорі лежа - чи; підтягування; вис на перекладені . У табл. 2 зазна - чені нормативи оцінки розвитку сили. Як бачимо, тестовий норматив у СшА диферен - ційовано таким чином, щоб кожен учень міг проявити себе у виконанні певної рухової дії [7; 10]. Такий під - хід характерний саме для навчальних програм СшА та Польщі, де учням для складання тестових норма - тивів пропонуються альтернативні способи рухової діяльності. Для практики фізичного виховання Росії та України характерний консервативніший підхід з уніфі - кованими вимогами. Для оцінки рівня розвитку швидкості навчаль - ними програмами з фізичного виховання України , Російської Федерації та Польщі , пропонується за - стосовувати біг на короткі дистанції. У Польській Рес - публіці, однак, дистанція є більшою і становить 60 м, на відміну від України та Російської Федерації, де ана - логічний норматив складається на дистанції 30 м.Таблиця 3 Нормативи оцінки розвитку швидкості в різних країнах Вік (роки)Україна Російська Федерація Польща США Біг 30 м, с Біг 30 м, с Біг 60 м, с Нормативи не визначеноХлопці Дівчата Хлопці Дівчата Хлопці Дівчата 13 5,4 5,8 4,8 5,0 8,8 9,4 14 5,2 5,6 4,7 4,9 8,4 9,3 15 5.0 5.5 4,5 4,9 8,2 9,2 Таблиця 4 Нормативи оцінки розвитку гнучкості в різних країнах Вік (роки)Україна Російська Федерація Польща США Нахил тулуба уперед із положення сидячи (см)Нахил тулуба уперед із положення сидячи (см)Повільний нахил вперед з основної стійкиНахилу з вихідного положення «сід» (см) Хлопці Дівчата Хлопці Дівчата Хлопці Дівчата Хлопці Дівчата 13 7 12 9 18 Г оловою торкнутися колін26 31 14 8 13 11 20 28 33 15 9 14 12 20 30 36 Таблиця 5 Нормативи оцінки розвитку швидкісно-силових здібностей в різних країнах Вік (роки)Україна Російська Федерація Польща Стрибок у довжину з місця (см)Стрибок у довжину з місця (см)Стрибок у довжину з місця. Результат вимірюється стопами. В обчисленнях результат заокруглюється: менше, ніж пів стопи – знижується; більше, ніж пів стопи – зростає Хлопці Дівчата Хлопці Дівчата 10 стоп13 180 160 205 200 14 185 165 210 200 15 200 170 220 205МАНДЮК А. Б., ЯРОШИК М. Я., ЛІТКЕВИЧ О. А. Порівняльний аналіз тестів рівня фізичної підготовленості" 22 W2974250592.pdf 4 "Manishaa. V et al., Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research 35 | P a g e attributed to the increased staining capacity of beer. Though in vitro, this study will still be able to give both clinicians and patients the ability to evaluate the effect of patient’s lifestyle habits on dental restorative treatment procedu res. Conclusion From this study, the following can be concluded:  All beverages cause a perceptible and undesirable colour change of currently available composite resin restorations that have a ΔE* > 3.3.  Red wine produced the maximum colour change.  The c olour change was time -dependent i.e., the colour change intensified with increased contact time. References 1. BL Tan, AUJ Yap, HNT Ma J Chew, WJ Tan. Effect of Beverages on Color and Translucency of New Tooth -Colored Restoratives. Operative Dentistry, 2015. 40(2):56 -65. 2. Oliveira WJ, Bikharinho LJR, Abud MA. Does amalgam restoration belong to the past? Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada, 2005. 9(48):39 -48. 3. Nahsan FPS, Baseggio W, Schmitt VL, Walker CS, Mondelli RFL, Franco EB. Selection of color and natural stratification for aesthetic rehabilitation of anterior tooth . Dental Press Estét Maringá, 2011. 8(3):100 - 106. 4. Braga SR, Vasconcelos BT, Macedo MR, Martins VR, Sobral MA. Reasons for placement and replacement of direct resto rative materials in Brazil. Quintessence Int, 2007. 38(4):189 -194. 5. Ashok NG, Jayalakshmi S. Factors that influence the color stability of composite restorations. International Journal Orofacial Biology, 2017. 1(1):1 -3. 6. Um CM, Ruyter IE. Staining of resin -based veneering materials with coffee and tea. Quintessence International, 1991.22:377386. 377 - 386. 7. Fulya Toksoy Topcua, Gunes Sahinkesena, Kivanc Yamanelb, Ugur Erdemirc, Elif Aybala Oktaya, Seyda Ersahana. Influence of Different Drinks on the Colour Stab ility of Dental Resin Composites. European Journal of Dentistry, 2009. Volume 3, 50 -56. 8. Satou N, Khan AM, Matsumae I, Satou J, Shintani H. In vitro colour change of composite - based resins. Dental Materials, 1989. 5(6):384 -387. 9. Bansal K, Acharya SR, Sarasw athi V. Effect of alcoholic and non -alcoholic beverages on color stability and surface roughness of resin composites: An in vitro study. Journal of Conservative Dentistry, 2012. 15(3):283 -288. 10. Mildred M. Maldonado -Molina, Jennifer M. Reingle, Amy L. Toble r, and Kelli A. Komro. Effects of beverage -specific alcohol consumption on drinking behaviors among urban youth. Journal of Drug Education, 2010. 40(3):265 –280. 11. Paul S, Peter A, Pietrobon N, Hämmerle CHF. Visual and spectrophotometric shade analysis of hum an teeth. Journal of Dental Research, 2002. 81(8):578 - 582. 12. CIE (Commission International de l’Eclairage) Colourimetry technical report. CIE Publication No.15. 2. Vienna, Austria: Bureau Central de la CIE; 1986. 13. Abu-Bakr N, Han L, Okamoto A, Iwaku M. Color stability of compomer after immersion in various media. Journal of Esthetic Restorative Dentistry, 2000.12:258 -263. 14. Gupta R, Parkash H, Shah N, Jain V. A spectrophotometric evaluation of color changes of various tooth colored veneering materials after exposure to commonly consumed beverages. Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society, 2005. 5:72–78. 15. Guler AU, Yilmaz F, Kulunk T, Guler E, Kurt S. Effects of different drinks on stainability of resin composite provisional restorative materials. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2005. 94(2):118 ‑124. 16. Gupta G, Gupta T. Evaluation of the effect of various beverages and food material on the color stability of provisional materials – an in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2011;14:287 -92. 17. Andreas Faltermeier, Michae l Behr and Dieter Mubig. In vitro colour stability of aesthetic brackets. European Journal of Orthodontics, 2007. 29:354 –358. 18. R. Bagheri, M.F. Burrow, M. Tyas. Influence of food -simulating solutions and surface finish on susceptibility to staining of aesth etic restorative materials. Journal of Dentistry, 2005. 33:389 –398. 19. Eick JD, Smith RE, Pinzino CS, Kostoryz EL. Stability of silorane dental monomers in aqueous systems. Journal of Dentistry, 2006. 34:405 -410. 20. Ertas E, Guler AU, Yucek AÇ, Koprulu0 H, Guler E. Color stability on resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Journal of Dental Materials, 2006. 25(2):371 -376" 23 W4323019671.pdf 4 "Advancing Women In Leadership Journal Volume 30 , 2010 5 Demographic items in the survey included students’ major, ethnicity, gender, and marital status. Students were also asked to report the average number of hours (per week) that they spent conducting research in the lab and to rate their self -confidence level at two points in their program -- when entering graduate school, and at the time of the study. The survey -questionnaire also included an open -ended question in which students we re asked to describe their department to a prospective graduate student. Student interviews were used to clarify and/or discuss in greater depth individual student’s responses to the items on the survey, and to explore additional issues/themes that emerged in their responses. The faculty members’ perspectives on their department were obtained from one interview question in which they were asked to describe their department to a prospective graduate student. The interviews were audio taped and took between 30 and 60 minutes each. Departmental records were used to determine the faculty and student composition of each department, student undergraduate and graduate grade -point average (GPA), and the student attrition rate (female and male) over a nine -year per iod. Data Analyses Analysis of variance was used to determine significant gender differences in student responses to the survey -questionnaire, their age, graduate and undergraduate GPA, and the weekly number of hours spent in the lab conducting research. Chi -square tests were used to determine significant gender differences in the student attrition rate and in their ratings of their self-confidence level before entering graduate school and at the time of the study. The transcripts of the faculty and student interviews and of student comments to the items on the survey were analyzed using the techniques of naturalistic inquiry (Lincoln & Guba, 1985; Miles & Huberman, 1994). After the interview tapes were transcribed verbatim and students’ comments to the survey questions copie d, each comment was coded with the respondent’s assigned code number, department and gender. As each transcript was read and categorical themes were identified, a text -based coding was used (Miles & Huberman, 1994). While categorical themes were identified , markings were made on the margins of the transcripts to code each theme (e.g., “competition”; “collegiality”; “sense of isolation”). These codes were revised and new ones added as the transcripts were read several times. The accuracy of the themes was accomplished through “member checking” and a peer reviewer (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). Results Statistical analyses of the data did not uncover significant gender differences in: (a) students’ age, (b) their undergraduate and graduate grade point average, (c) the ratings of their incoming self -confidence level, and (d) the weekly number of hours spent conducting research in the laboratory. However, significant gender differences were found in the student attrition rate and in the ratings of their self -confide nce at the time of the study. The attrition rate of female students, over a nine -year period, was significantly larger than that of males X 2 (1, N = 726) = 14.81, p = .001 and was significantly higher in the chemistry department X2 (1, N = 726) = 12.86," 24 W3176400224.pdf 1 "Angelina, P., Kartadinata, S., & Budiman, N. (2021) 306 Ta’dibuna, Vol. 10, No. 2, Juni 202 1 I. Pendahuluan Undang -undang No. 20 tahun 2003 tentang Si stem Pendidikan Nasional menyatakan bahwa pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya sehingga memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pen gendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta keterampilan yang diperlukan oleh dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara. Amanat undang -undang ini menjadi pedoman segenap insan pendidikan untuk menyamakan langkah dalam usaha mencapai cita -cita tersebut. Oleh karenanya, sebagai seorang pendidik, perlu mengetahui kompetensi apa yang harus dimiliki untuk meraih tujuan pendidikan nasional dan bagaimana cara mewujudkannya sebagaimana amanah dalam pasal 8 Undang -undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 tentang Gur u dan Dosen. Pendidikan merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam membentuk sebuah peradaban. Komponen dalam dunia pendidikan sebagai unsur holistik yang utuh, berkontribusi dalam menyokong keberhasilan dalam mencetak tingginya peradaban sebuah bangsa. K ita bisa lihat bagaimana Negara Jepang ketika selesai perang dunia, pertanyaan yang pertama di ajukan adalah, berapa orang guru yang tersisa (Taufik, 2019). Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang memiliki sumber daya manusia dan sumber daya alam yang ba nyak, akan segera menjemput bonus demografinya (PPN/Bappenas, 2017). Di saat yang bersamaan, China, Rusia, Jepang dan Jerman mengalami krisis demografi (Armandhanu, 2015). Jepang yang mengalami krisis demografi, mengalami sebuah tantangan berkurangnya popu lasi yang membuat penduduk/pekerja usia produktif berkurang sehingga Jepang berusaha memperbaiki kondisi tersebut dengan menerapkan Society 5.0 (Yuliardi, 2020). Indonesia tidak boleh lengah, sehingga kita masih harus perlu lebih serius dalam membawa arah pendidikan negeri ini dengan berlimpahnya sumber daya alam dan sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki. Terdapat hal -hal yang mewarnai catatan sejarah dunia pendidikan negeri ini. Tercatat sudah beberapa kali negeri ini me ngubah kurikulum sejak negeri ini merde ka hingga sekarang, mulai dari perubahan yang minimalis sampai maksimal (Muhammedi, 2016). Belum lagi draf peta pendidikan nasional 2020 -2035 Indonesia yang sempat menghilangkan frase kata agama dan saat ini masih menjadi polemik ( CNN Indonesia, 2021). Ter masuk profesi guru yang saat ini tidak lagi menjadi salah posisi sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) dan kesejahteraan guru honorer yang belum memadai (Bramasta , 2021). Saat ini dunia sedang mengalam era disrupsi. Kemajuan teknologi berdampak pada tatanan k ehidupan dunia. Muncul banyak profesi baru seiring dengan banyaknya profesi yang hilang. Termasuk pelaksanaan profesi pembelajaran dikelas. Sebagai contoh adalah" 25 W4287898340.pdf 8 "[Marinho et. al. , Vol.8 (Iss.1): January 2020] ISSN - 2350 -0530(O) , ISSN - 2394 -3629(P) Index Copernicus Value (ICV 2018): 86.20 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3633270 Http:// www.granthaalayah.com ©International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH [229] Starting from the Koopmans theorem, the global reactivity descriptors (generated from the HOMO -LUMO relationship) describe chemical properties that indicate the types of interactions between ligand mo lecules with biological receptors, since they act as mediators between reactivity and stability. Among these descriptors are: vertical ionization potential (I), electronic affinity (A), electronegativity (χ), chemical hardness (η), chemical softness (S), e lectronic chemical potential (μ) and electrophilicity index (ω) [29] [44].The ionic potential (I), related to the energy of the HOMO orbital, indicates the strength of an electron's strength when it is attached to an atom. Electronic affinity (A), related to the energy of LUMO, represents the amount of energy released when an atom or molecule receives an electron [45]. Electronegativity is represented by the ability of a molecule to attract electrons from another molecular when they interact, interfering in the dipolar moment and changing molecular properties such as the acidity and basicity of different molecules [27]. Starting from Methylcytisine HOMO -LUMO boundary molecular orbitals, it was possible to determine the global chemical reactivity descriptors (Table 5), where the molecule had a lower GAP value than Cytisine reference, due to the fact that it has lower values of electro affinity and ionic potential than Cytisine. Methylcytisine also showed lower electronegativity and chemical hardness values than Cytsine. Table 5 : Global Reactivity Descriptors calculated for Methylcytisine and Cystisine Descriptors Methylcytisine Cytisine Eléctron affinity (A) 0.12470 0.33701 GAP 8.34805 8.35463 Eletronegativity (χ) 4.29872 4.51432 Vertical Ionization potential (I) 8.47275 8.69164 Chemical hardness (η) 4.17402 4.17731 Chemical softness (S) 0.11978 0.11969 Eletronic chemical potential (µ) -4.29872 -4.51432 Electrophilicity index (Ω) 2.21345 2.43926 3.4. Mulliken Population Analysis Mulliken atomic charges ( Mulliken population analysis) and electrostatic potential surface map Mulliken population analysis divide the charge densities between atoms evenly disregarding electronegativity. When studying the Mulliken charges of Methylcytisin e, the existence of varying charges of atoms of the same nature is notorious, where carbon atoms vary from -0.3405 to 0.3035, nitrogen at -0.0954 to 0.0983 and atoms of hydrogens 0.0859 to 0.2280 [46]. The visualization and analysis of charges is possible through the surface map of electrostatic potential, as it allows to characterize electrophilic and nucleophilic regions, showing how complex molecules interact [47] [47]. Through the MESP of Methylcytisine (Figure 5) it was possible to notice defined regi ons, since the regions in red mean regions with a high concentration of charges and the regions in white have a low concentration of charge. The regions highlighted in red are due to the presence of a nitrogen atom (N13) and oxygen since they are more elec tronegative atoms than carbons and hydrogens." 26 W3035986397.pdf 15 "Energies 2020 ,13, 3142 16 of 24 out that the existence of contact thermal resistance seriously restricted the performance of the temperature generator. Wang et al. [ 154] investigated the influence of the thermal contact resistance on TE performance by experiment. They demonstrated that the performance of a TE device can be significantly improved by reducing the contact thermal resistance. Actually, for some practical applications, in order to improve the TE devices’ performance, many methods have been used to reduce the contact thermal resistance. The most frequently used method is to sandwich a material with high thermal conductivity between the TE module and the heat source for decreasing their thermal contact resistance [ 158]. In addition, the thermal grease and conductive adhesive are often used to decrease the thermal resistance of two contact surfaces. It is the same as for a thermal adhesive, as the use of a high thermal conductivity is an e ective way to reduce thermal contact resistance. The performance of the TEG has been significantly improved by reducing the contact resistance at the thermal interface [159–161]. Nowadays, more suitable thermal interface materials (TIM) are used to improve the operation performance of TE modules in di erent locations and working conditions. These include inorganic compounds [ 162], greases [ 163], graphite [ 164], metal nanometer material [ 165], and carbon materials. The results [ 153] showed that the boron nitride-based ceramic coating, white coating and polyurethane-based sheet are suitable for reducing contact resistance, respectively. The thermal resistance decreases and leads to the increase in temperature r by between 13% and 15%. In addition, close physical contact between contact surfaces is essential to minimize heat losses at the interface. This kind of contact plays an increasingly prominent role in the heat-energy collection of curvy surfaces’ heat sources. However, conventional TE modules based on hard and brittle ceramic substrates are not viable for applications where surface irregularities or irregular surface shapes. The development of highly flexible and stretchable thermoelectric modules that are pliable to curvy and deformable surfaces are urgently needed. This challenge has driven the advent of flexible and stretchable TE modules in recent decades, which created a wide range of revolutionary functional TE devices including the liquid alloy [ 166], silk-fabric [ 167] as well as printed [ 168] and printing technologies [ 169]. The manufacturing is realized by the customized layer-by-layer manufacturing process where some special methods are used to reduce the contact thermal resistance. Karwa et al. [ 170] designed an on-line restriction injection array heat sink in which the coolant was directly impinging on the thermoelectric module to reduce the thermal resistance of the interface. The experimental and simulation results show that a low thermal resistance 0.025 K /W can be obtained. 6. Conclusions and Further Research Direction Considering today’s energy and environmental crisis, thermoelectric modules are an application with good prospects for thermoelectric generation and thermoelectric cooling in the future. Due to the low thermoelectric conversion rate, it is still urgent to improve thermoelectric modules to promote their commercialization. This paper comprehensively reviews the e orts and methods used to improve properties and enhance the performance of thermoelectrics in terms of material progress, structure /geometry, module construction, thermal management and thermal structure design. The summaries and corresponding research directions are proposed as follows: (1) The performance of thermoelectric devices is determined by two main factors: the thermoelectric material performance and the thermal structure, which corresponds to Z and temperature T. Thus, there are two corresponding ways to achieve high-performance thermoelectrics: one is for materials, and another is thermal design and optimization. (2) Although a high ZT has been obtained in some low dimensional thermoelectric materials such as superlattices, nanostructures, quantum dots, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes, the highest ZT of thermoelectric materials ever found at ambient temperature is 2.4 or even higher in the lab. However, many of them are not viable for large-scale commercial use at present due to their expensive materials and complex processes. Hence, developing the novel thermoelectric module shapes to order or a flexible thermoelectric module is a good way to address this issue." 27 W2751944436.pdf 3 "research and establishing drug interactions with adverse events applying FAERS data. Among all modern antiplatelet strategies, aspirin still remains the cornerstone with the broadest possible utilization. Aspirin irreversibly acetylates a serine residue at position 530 on the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, thus inhibiting the first step in the transformation of arachidonic acid to the platelet agonist thromboxane A 2, a powerful promoterofaggregation.10 The irreversible nature of COX inhibition underlies the ability oflow doses ofaspirin administered chronically, to inhibit platelet aggregation in vivo. 11There is a nonlinear relationship of inhibition of platelet thromboxane A 2generation with inhibi- tion of thromboxane-mediated platelet aggregation, requiring in excess of 95% inhibition to in fluence function.12Importantly, most antiplatelet strategies include aspirin as a back-up for newer agents; therefore, any analyses of clinical outcomes associated with patented OAA will not be possible, unless theprecise role of aspirin is clearly identi fied. In fact, our previous experience with FAERS suggests poor quality of event report- ing. 13Clopidogrel monotherapy is common post-stroke, in contrast to prasugrel and ticagrelor which must be used with ASA. Therefore, it was a quality test for FAERS, as prasugrel and ticagrelor cases should mandatorily co-report ASA. However,these data were heavily missed from FAERS. There are few important considerations which may be yielded from the index data. Indeed, the quality of FAERSreports was similarly average for all antiplatelet agents. There is nothing unique about aspirin reporting quality, and all OAA data are suffering from missing entries. More missing dataafter aspirin are probably attributed to much larger sample size, and domination among all antiplatelet-associated ad- verse events. Alarmingly high rate of nonreported gender inover a quarter of cases is unacceptable. Massive missed or/and unknown demographics preclude from better understandingof the drug safety pro files, somewhat challenging the entire idea behind FAERS. Especially concerning is a high incidence of adverse event reporting during triple antithrombotic strate-gies. This segment should be under close monitoring because novel oral anticoagulants will broadly supplement conven- tional dual antiplatelet strategies. Since the FDA mandates andoversees this valuable huge repository keeping it public, improving the qualityof reportsshould bethe upmost priority. In fairness, aspirin reporting may be tricky as there arenumerous local manufacturers not complying with the FAERS reporting laws. Such an “orphan ”status of aspirin may be partially responsible for the filing failures. Nevertheless, this study has important practical implications. First and upmost, the quality of the FAERS aspirin reporting is unacceptable, raising concerns about other drugs. Considering that U.S. filing is far better than reports around the globe, 13it seems the FDA should consider better options to stimulate proper interna- tional reporting, potentially switching such responsibility tothe consumers or health care professionals away from man- ufacturers. Acknowledging sharp decline in ongoing or planned clinical trials with antiplatelet agents, the “real-life ” data from FAERS are de finitely useful if properly managed. Since FAERS is public, any scientist may access the data and mine this huge repository. Moreover, FAERS maintenance ispaid by U.S. tax dollars, requiring de finite optimization and better surveillance. There are obvious strengths in our approach with this study. This analysis was conducted within the frame of a government database, requiring mandatory serious event reporting. 14The data retrieval and analyses were done by one of the authors (T.A.M.) with decades of experience working for the FDA. The sample size was suf ficient to make reasonable conclusions on filing quality. Our study also has some limitations. The FAERS database analyses are always challenged by the often uneven mixture of patientsand reports, since any single event can generate multiple records. Another shortcoming is that FAERS applies compli- cated accounting, making statistical claims for commonadverse events challenging. There are also no mandatory deadlines for updates required by and strictly forced by the FDA; therefore, some data may still be missing or delayed.Another disadvantage is that we did not encompass the entire database, allowing the in-depth examination of the totality of the extracted evidence, but limited our work to themost recent full year (2015) for which the FAERS data are available. Further research should expand demographics beyond age and gender, concomitant use of proton pumpinhibitors, and explore the entire FAERS data, not limited by the annual reports. The causative impact was greater for ticagrelor than for prasugrel or clopidogrel. This finding may reflect how long the drugs have been around, as enthusiasm for reporting AEs may fade over time. Regardless, the con- sistency and magnitude of the observed differences suggestthat the index data are realistic, and should not be disre- garded. The FDA should enforce quality and completeness of aspirin reports for better surveillance.Table 5 Most common adverse events after aspirin in FAERS (2015) Adverse event Patients (%) Bleeding 6,756 (14.1%) GI bleeding 3,302 (6.9%)Intracranial bleeding 717 (1.5%) Anemia 2,314 (4.8%) Dyspnea 2,286 (4.8%)Myocardial infarction 798 (1.7%)Stroke 1,422 (3.0%) Acute coronary syndrome 860 (1.8%) Thrombosis 1,015 (2.1%)Thrombosis in device 48 (0.1%) Arrhythmia 1,494 (3.1%) Ventricular arrhythmia 209 (0.4%)Torsade 36 (0.1%) Angioedema 708 (1.5%) Abbreviations: FAERS, Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System; GI, gastrointestinal. TH Open Vol. 1 No. 2/2017Adverse Event Reporting after Aspirin Serebruany et al. e104 " 28 W2888053781.pdf 1 "for about two seconds and is not part of the new trains. Rather, kinesin-II seems to rely on passive diffusion rather than active transport to return to the base of the cilium, which means that it takes 10 times longer to return than dynein-1b.In most eukaryotic cells, the length of cilia is tightly regulated, and if they are amputated, cilia grow back to the same length as before (Ishikawa and Marshall, 2017 ). But how do cells know how long a given cilium is? The results of Chien et al. suggest that the availability of kine- sin-II at the base provides this information: when a cilium is short, it takes a relatively short time for kinesin-II to diffuse back to the base; how- ever, as the length of the cilium increases, it takes longer for kinesin-II to diffuse back, and its availability to power new IFT trains is reduced, as is the growth rate of the cilium. This study is one step toward a better under- standing of the workings of IFT trains and how cilia regulate their length. However, in some species, such as worms and mammals, kinesins rely on the IFT trains rather than diffusion to return to the base, so it remains unclear how cilia length is maintained in these organisms (Mijalkovic et al., 2017 ;Prevo et al., 2015 ; Williams et al., 2014 ). Previous research sug- gests that several kinases affect the length of cilia, but it is not yet known if these kinases con- trol kinesin motor levels at the base of cilia, or work in a different manner to maintain cilia length ( Ishikawa and Marshall, 2017 ). Muta- tions affecting dynein have been found in several severe ciliopathies and could also affect the cil- ium length, which highlights how important length control is for cilia to work properly ( McI- nerney-Leo et al., 2013 ). Dhivya Kumar is in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States Dhivya.Kumar@ucsf.edu http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3737-014X Stephen M King is in the Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States king@uchc.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5484-5530 Competing interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist. Published 30 October 2017 References Belyy V , Shih SM, Bandaria J, Huang Y, Lawrence RE, Zoncu R, Yildiz A. 2017. PhotoGate microscopy to track single molecules in crowded environments. Nature Communications 8:13978. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1038/ncomms13978 ,PMID: 28071667 Chien A , Shih SM, Bower R, Tritschler D, Porter ME, Yildiz A. 2017. Dynamics of the IFT machinery at the ciliary tip. eLife 6:e28606. DOI: https://doi.org/10. 7554/eLife.28606 ,PMID: 28930071 Figure 1. Schematic of a cilium in the green alga Chlamydomonas .Cilia are anchored to the cell membrane by distal and sub-distal appendages (grey and green triangles) in the basal body. The Y-links (light blue) in the transition zone gate at the base controls the entry of proteins into the cilium. Proteins (brown hexagons), transmembrane proteins (brown) and other cargo are transported along microtubule tracks (grey cylinders) from the base of the cilium to the tip by kinesin motor proteins (blue) and an IFT train (yellow). The cargo proteins are attached directly to the IFT train or via cargo adaptors (brown ovals). At the tip, the trains release their cargo and break apart before remodeled IFT trains are returned to the base by dynein (pink). Kinesin, on the other hand, diffuses back to the base. Using a new imaging technique called PhotoGate, Chien et al. labeled certain proteins with fluorescent molecules, and then used a laser to ’photobleach’ most of them (represented here by fading) before they reached the tip. Since the photobleached molecules are dark, it is possible to follow the small number of labeled trains that remain fluorescent, and to better track their behavior at the tip of the cilium in order to study the remodeling of IFT trains. Kumar and King. eLife 2017;6:e32473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32473 2 of 3Insight Intraflagellar transport Trainspotting in a cilium" 29 W4307652034.pdf 0 " Pamukkale Univ Muh Bilim Derg , 23(7), 899 -907, 2017 Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences 899 Salisilik asit türevleri ile 2 -aminobenzotiyazol türevlerinin karışık ligandlı Cu(II) komplekslerinin sentezi ve karakterizasyonu Synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand Cu(II) complexes of salicylic acid derivatives with 2 -aminobenzotiyazol deriva tives Halil İLKİMEN1*, Cengiz YENİKAYA1 1Kimya Bölümü, Fen -Edebiyat Fakültesi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Kütahya, Türkiye . halil.ilkimen@dpu.edu.tr , cengiz.yenikaya@dpu.edu.tr Geli ş Tarihi/ Received : 19.10.2016, Kabul Tarihi/ Accepted : 14.11.2016 * Yazışılan yazar/ Corresponding author doi: 10.5505 /pajes .2016.76735 Araştırma Makalesi/ Research Article Öz Abstract Bu çalışmada, salisilik asit türevleri [salisilik asit (H 2sal) veya asetilsalisilik asit (Hasal )] ile 2 -aminobenzotiyazol türevlerinin [2-aminobenzotiyazol (abt) veya 2 -amino -6-klorobenzotiyazol (Clabt) veya 2 -amino -6-metilbenzotiyazol (Meabt)] karışık ligandlı Cu(II) geçiş metal kompleksleri sentezlenmiştir. Amorf halde elde edilen geçiş metal kom plekslerinin yapıları elementel analiz, ICP-OES, FT -IR, UV - Vis, termal analiz, manyetik duyarlılık ve molar iletkenlik sonuçları dikkate alınarak önerilmiştir. In this study, mixed ligand transition metal complexes of Cu( II) have been prepared between sal icylic acid derivatives [salicylic acid (H2sal) or acetylsalicylic acid (Hasal)] and 2 -aminobenzothiazole derivatives [2 -aminobenzothiazole (abt) or 2 -amino -6- chlorobenzothiazole (Clabt) or 2 -amino -6-methylbenzothiazole (Meabt)]. The structures of amorphou s metal complexes have been proposed by evaluating the data obtained from elemental analysis, ICP-OES, FT -IR, UV -Vis, thermal analysis, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity studies. Anahtar kelimeler: Salisilik asit türevleri, 2 -aminobenzotiyazo l türevleri, Metal kompleksleri Keywords: Salicylic acid derivatives, 2 -aminobenzothiazole derivatives, Metal complexes 1 Giriş Elektron verici oksijen atomları ( -COOH ve OH) bulunan salisilik asit ve türevleri (H2sal) ve proton vermiş formları (Hsal- ve sal2-) ile birçok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda H2sal ve proton vermiş yapılarının yaygın olarak bir, iki, üç veya daha yüksek dişli olarak şelat oluşturdukları gözlenmiştir [1]. Literatürde salisilik asit [2 ]-[12] ve asetilsalisilik asit [3 ],[9],[13]-[19] ile organik asit veya bazların bulunduğu karışık ligandlı Cu(II) metal kompleksleri sentezlenmiştir. Bunlar antimikrobiyal, antiinflamatuar, antitümor, antiülser, antidiyabetik, antimütajen, süperoksit giderici ve radyoprotektif aktiviteye gibi biyolojik özelliklere sahiptir [2],[6]-[11],[20]-[23]. 2-Aminobenzotiyazol türevlerinin antibakteriyel, antitümör, antiviral, antifungal, antihelmintik, anti -inflamatuar aktivite ve karbonik anhidraz inhibisyonu gibi biyolojik özellikleri bulunmaktadır [24]-[30]. 2-Aminobenzotiyazoller ile organik asitlerin karışık ligandlı bazı çalışmalar literatürde mevcuttur [30]-[41]. 2 -Aminobenzotiyazol türevleri bu kompleks bileşiklerinde metale N, S ve NH 2 atomlarından bağlandığı bilinmektedir [30]. Bu çalışmada, sal isilik asit ve türevleri [salisilik asit (H 2sal) ve asetilsalisilik asit (Hasal)] ile 2 -aminobenzotiyazol türevlerinin [2 -aminobenzotiyazol (abt), 2 -amino -6- klorobenzotiyazol (Clabt) ve 2 -amino -6-metilbenzotiyazol (Meabt)] karışık ligandlı Cu(II) geçiş met al kompleksleri sentezlenmiştir. Amorf halde elde edilen geçiş metal komplekslerinin yapıları elementel analiz, ICP-OES, FT -IR, UV - Vis, termal analiz, manyetik duyarlılık, molar iletkenlik, yük denkliği ve daha önceki çalışmalar ile önerilmiştir [4],[6],[8],[10],[12],[15],[17]-[19],[23]. 2 Materyal ve metot 2.1 Materyal 2.1.1 Kullanılan kimyasal maddeler Bu çalışmada kullanılan kimyasal maddeler Sigma Aldrich firmasından temin edilmiştir. 2.1.2 Metot Elementel Analiz Cihazı; LECO CHNS 932, ICP -OES Cihazı; Perkin Elmer 4300 O ptima, İnfrared Spektrometresi; BRUKER OPTICS VERTEX 70, TG -DTA cihazı; Pelkin Elmer, SII Exstar 6000 TG/DTA 6300, UV -Vis cihazı; SHIMADZU UV -2550 Spektrometresi, Manyetik Duyarlılık Cihazı; Sherwood Scientific Magway MSB MK1, Molar İletkenlik Cihazı; WTW Cond 315i/SET Model, Erime Noktası Tayin Cihazı; STUART SCIENTIFIC, Melting Point SMP3. 2.2 Metot 1 mmol Asit (0. 1381 g H 2sal veya 0.1802 Hasal), 1 mmol baz (0.1502 g abt veya 0.1847 g Clabt veya 0. 1642 g Meabt ) ve 0.5 mmol (0.099 g) Cu(CH 3COO) 2.H2O alınarak 30 mL su:etanolde (1:1) çözüldü. 72 sa at oda sıcaklığında karıştırıldıktan sonra kristallenmeye bırakıl mıştır. Çözelti ortamında çöken Cu(II) metal kompleksleri süzül müştür ve kurutul muştur . Elde edilen kompleks bileşiklerin bazı fiziksel özellikleri Tablo 1’de verilmiştir. 3 Bulgular ve tartışma 3.1 Elemental analiz ve ICP -OES sonuçları Cusalabt, CusalClabt, CusalMeabt, Cuasal, Cuasalabt, CuasalClabt ve CuasalMeabt metal komplekslerinin elementel analiz ve ICP -OES sonuçları Tablo 2’de verilmiştir. Deneysel olara k elde edilen değerler hem teorik elementel analiz değerleri ile hem de diğer spektroskopik çalışmalar sonucu ortaya konulan yapılar ile uyum içinde olduğu gözlenmiştir." 30 W3167037696.pdf 4 "Vol. 2, No. 2, Mei 2021 ISSN 2721 -4834 206 Referensi Budiana, A. , Muladi, M., & Putranto, H. (2019). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Digital Sistem Antena Berbasis React Pada Mata Pelajaran Penerapan Sistem Radio dan Televisi Kelas XI Teknik Audio Video di SMK Negeri 2 Singosari. Jurnal Edukasi Elektro, 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jee.v3i1.25895 Nengsi, S . (201 5). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Animasi pada Materi Fotosintesis untuk Siswa Kelas VIII MTsN Koto Nan Gadang . BioCONCETTA , 1(2). https://doi.org/10.22202/bc.2015.v1i2.1504 Ponza, P . J. R., Jampel, I. N., & Sudarma , I. K. (2018). Pengembangan Media Video Animasi pada Pembelajaran Siswa Kelas IV di Sekolah Dasar . Jurnal Edutech Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 6 (1). https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JEU/article/view/20257" 31 W4280616712.pdf 8 "Behav. Sci. 2022 ,12, 139 9 of 12 considered the event as not being biased considered the event better organized than the ones that considered it biased. Hypothesis H5 tested if there is a significant difference in evaluation scores for the perceived quality of the content between groups with different bias perception. The distribution of scores were again not similar for all groups, as assessed by visual inspection of a boxplot. Median scores were statistically different between groups with different bias perception; H(2) = 23.641 and p< 0.001. After applying a pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s [ 18] procedure with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, statistically significant differences in evaluation scores were found between groups. Respondents that considered that the event was not biased (mean rank = 518.83) ( p< 0.001) and respondents that considered the event as being biased (mean rank = 519.96) had significantly higher scores than respondents that remained neutral (mean rank = 447.36) ( p= 0.001). The final hypothesis (H6) tested if there is a significant difference in evaluation scores for the lecturers between groups with different bias perception. The distribution of scores were assessed by visual inspection of a boxplot and are not similar for all groups. Me- dian scores were statistically different between groups with different bias perception; H(2) = 30.509 and p< 0.001. After applying the same post hoc test, statistically significant differences in evaluation scores were found between groups. Respondents that considered that the event was not biased (mean rank = 520.80) ( p< 0.001) and respondents that consid- ered the event as being biased (mean rank = 516.51) had significantly higher scores than respondents that remained neutral (mean rank = 439.20) ( p< 0.001). 4. Discussion When assessing the results of our study, we see that they are contrary to the studies conducted by other researchers. This is due to the fact that the assumptions that were at the basis of students’ preference—reduction in costs and availability of time—are not validated in the case of professionals. As we see from the answers in the preferences of the organization of the events (Figure 1), professionals prefer days when they are off—meaning they are looking to develop themselves but outside the regular working hours. Moreover, when looking at the preferred type of event we notice that most of the respondents choose online events—such as webinars and case studies. The same results are shared by studies focusing on professionals [15,16]. Respondents’ rating of the material covered was independent of their belief about the bias of the course. This was not the case when looking at the perception of how much respondents learned. Respondents that considered the events as not being biased considered that they have learned much more than respondents that chose to remain neutral. This might indicate an unwillingness to express a negative opinion about the course. This phenomenon was also observed when asked about the quality of the content and of the lecturers, where people with a neutral opinion on bias rated both materials and lecturers significantly lower than people that expressed their (positive or negative) opinion on bias. Not surprisingly, respondents that considered the events as not being biased rated the overall quality of the event significantly higher than those that perceived the events as biased. The results of our study are contradictory to studies that had a focus on university education. Refs. [ 3,6,19] concluded that online education is not so well-perceived and could lead to fatigue. The results of [ 9] are also opposite compared with our current study which highlights the benefits of online courses. By focusing on the differences that other studies have pointed out, we can consider the quality of the materials [ 10,13]; the level of engagement [ 8,20] and the delivery method [ 7]. When assessing the overall quality of the programs, most of the literature that we analyzed presents different results than our study [ 1,3,7,8,12] with dissatisfaction ranging" 32 W1889354719.pdf 4 "clinical trials as a form of pai d work or work for health care ”(p. 117), particularly in con- texts where access to medical checks and basic health care is scarce or simply unavailable. Cooper and Waldby begin by reconstructing the history of human subject research in post-war America. Chapter 6 shows how clinical trials have moved from wartime excep- tionalism into the secluded space of the carceral system. Later, as prison-based experiments came under considerable critique, clinical res earch was moved into private medical centers and contract research organizations. The growth of the clinical trials industries notwithstanding, experimental labor has been kept away from the sphere of official labor relations –and bioethics has been a major force in maintaining this legal and discursive separation. From the 1990s onwards, newly liberalized countries and emerging economies have provided new experimental spaces for offshoring pharmaceutical production and clinical lab or (Chapter 7). In a sense, the crisis of pharmaceutical research was partially resolved by “contracting out ”experimental labor (and its embodied experimental risks) both institutionally and nationally. Finally, the last chapter turns to a set of novel strategies and relations in drug innovation that walk hand in hand with a realignment of the clinic and its central place in the pharmaceutical business model. These strategies consist in opening up the con- fined clinical-experimental space towards a more distributed form of public experi- ment. On the one hand, patient groups in the US and elsewhere have increasingly claimed a right to assume experimental risks by accessing investigational drug prod- ucts. In this effort, some have formed alliances with pharmaceutical companies, or enjoy the support of libertarian think tanks and their deregulatory agendas. On the other hand, novel, mostly web-based strategies have sought to enroll the public in a collective effort of data generation facilitating some sort of open source model of bio- pharmaceutical innovation. Patients are asked to share and meticulously document their experiences with medication regimes, thus collecting tons of “post-marketing ” data valuable to the pharmaceutical industry. Thereby the public is being reconfigured as an “unwaged, highly skilled labor market ”(p. 218), further blurring the lines between clinic, market and society. Discussion: A diagram of post-Fordist life, value and labor Clinical Labor offers detailed insights of how clinical trials, ART and regenerative medicine unfold aggressively in an expansive global post-Fordist economy. In a way, the argumentative structure of Clinical Labor resembles Eduardo Galeano ’s famous Open Veins of Latin America (Galeano 1998). Galeano ’s book details the brutal colonial history of Latin America, by reconstructing, chapter by chapter, each country ’s proper history of productive relations through the lenses of distinct commodities such as sugar cane, coffee or silver. While each separate chapter provides a compelling “stand alone ” analysis, the true force of Galeano ’s narrative unfolds only if these strands are articu- lated in an overall argument, thus revealing the overarching structures and patterns of political-economic domination that emerge as forceful and concerted system. Similarly, Clinical Labor provides a series of differentiated analyses, organized in separate chapters, that each deliver thorough analyses of different technologies (ART, clinical trials, etc.) articulated within particular socio-economic and cultural contexts (the US, China, Eastern Europe, etc.), thereby producing varied subjects (the oocyte vendor, the uninsured clinical research volunteer, etc.) and different forms of clinical labor (reproductive, regenerative,Haddad Life Sciences, Society and Policy (2015) 11:9 Page 5 of 8" 33 W2768973754.pdf 3 "FigUrE 2 | Flow chart of the study. 4Spaggiari et al. Levothyroxine and Probiotics Frontiers in Endocrinology | www.frontiersin.org November 2017 | Volume 8 | Article 316 with Chi-square or Fisher exact test. The changes after treatment were evaluated considering repeated variables, using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The degree of correlation between ordinal vari- ables was studied using Spearman rho correlation test. In order to evaluate THs metabolism and pituitary feedback, fT3/fT 4, fT 3/TSH, and fT 4/TSH ratios were calculated. Moreover, hormonal measurements were adjusted for the anthropometrical available variables (BMI and BSA). Statistical analysis was performed using the “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” software for Macintosh (version 21.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was considered significant when p < 0.05. Ethical approval The Institutional Review Board of Modena (Comitato Etico di Modena) approved the study (code 184/13, approved on 12th November 2013). All procedures performed in studies involving human par - ticipants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or compara-ble ethical standards. informed Consent Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. rESUl TS One hundred and twenty hypothyroid patients on LT 4 replace- ment therapy were screened and 80 patients were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria (Figure 2). Thirty- nine patients (48.8%) entered the study group and 41 (51.2%) the control group. Baseline characteristics of patients are shown in Table 1. At baseline, three male patients (3.75%) entered the study group while no male patients entered the control group. This gender disparity is in line with the known highest female inci-dence of primary hypothyroidism (1). Three patients (one male and two females) (7.69%) dropped out from the study group and six female patients (14.63%) dropped out from the control group (Figure 2). No adverse events were recorded in both groups and dropouts occurred for patients’ decision. No differences were observed between study and control group, considering anthropometrical variables (Table  1 ). Only heart rate was significantly higher in the control than in the study group ( p = 0.043). The main cause of hypothyroidism was Hashimoto thyroidi- tis, occurring with similar incidence both in study and control group (71.8 and 73.2%, respectively; p  =  0.916). Only two patients (4.88%) in the control group presented an iatrogenic hypothyroidism, due to total thyroidectomy or to radioiodine treatment. The majority of the patients was treated with branded LT 4 (97.5% in both groups; p  =  0.971) and only the tablet formulation was used. Among branded LT 4, Eutirox® was the mostly taken (94.9% in the study vs. 90.2% in the control group; p =  0.432). The remaining patients were treated with Tirosint® (2.6% in the study group vs. 7.3% in the control group; p = 0.644). The calculated compliance for probiotics ingestion was 79.2% in the study group. Thyroid Hormones Thyroid-stimulating hormone, fT 3, fT 4 did not change between study and control group at each visit, as well as among visits in the two groups (Table 2 ). The lack of significance was confirmed after adjustment for BMI and BSA or considering hormonal ratios (fT 3/fT 4, fT 3/TSH, and fT 4/TSH). In the control group, TSH was inversely related to fT 4 and fT3 (rho  = −0.593, p <  0.001 and rho  = −0.293, p =  0.004, respectively) while fT 4 and fT 3 were directly related each other (rho = 0.269, p = 0.004), as expected according to TH physiology. Unexpectedly, the correlation between TSH and fT 3 was lost after adjustment for age (p  = 0.377) and BMI (p  = 0.286). Similarly, TSH was inversely related to fT 4 (rho = −0.547, p < 0.001) in the study group, but their correlation to fT 3 was absent (p  = 0.516 and p = 0.462, respectively). However, in both groups, the correlation was lost when each visit was considered separately, suggesting that the low number of cases evaluated in subgroup analyses impaired the statistical power. Regarding anthropometrical features at baseline, TSH was directly related to BMI (rho  = 0.227, p = 0.047), but not to BSA (rho = 0.167, p = 0.146). Accordingly, fT 4 was inversely related to BMI (rho  = −0.260, p = 0.023), while fT 3 did not correlate with any anthropometrical variable. Moreover, a direct cor - relation between TSH serum levels and systolic and diastolic pressures was found (rho  = 0.282, p = 0.012 and rho  = 0.227, p = 0.046, respectively). On the contrary, neither fT 4 nor fT 3 correlated with blood pressure. Similarly to what obtained for hormonal data, these relationships were lost considering fol- lowing visits. Moreover, heart rate did not correlate to THs at any time point. Evaluating the peripheral conversion of TH, the fT 3/fT 4 ratio was directly related to TSH at each visit in the control group, as expected for the known feedback mechanism. In the study group, this correlation was lost at visit 1 (rho  = 0.287, p = 0.076), after" 34 W2783333081.pdf 25 "Zbigniew Greń Wizerunek ateisty i jego miejsce na konfesyjnej mapie świata na Śląsku…303Wizerunek ateisty i jego miejsce na konfesyjnej mapie świata na Śląsku Cieszyńskim Streszczenie Celem niniejszego artykułu jest stworzenie obrazu ateisty na podstawie źródeł historycznych i współczesnych. Historia pojęcia ateisty została opisana na podstawie prasy regionalnej, współczesny obraz – na podstawie wyników ankiet i dyskusji na tematy religijne na regionalnych stronach internetowych. Analiza wykazała, że pojęcie ateisty jest traktowane jako pojęcie równorzędne z określeniami członków różnych kościołów. W wyniku badań przedstawiono nie tylko wizerunek ateisty, lecz także jego miejsce w systemie postrzegania różnic wyznaniowych. Keywords: a theism; linguistic picture of the world; stereotypes; mental maps; cultural history Słowa kluczowe: a teizm; językowy obraz świata; stereotypy; mapy mentalne; historia kultury Zbigniew Greń, Institute of Western and Southern Slavic Studies, Faculty of Polish Studies, University of Warsaw Correspondence: zgren@poczta.onet.pl The article is financed within the National Centre for Science Opus Programme, no. 0 4101, Stosunki wyzna ­ niowe w językowym obrazie świata na Śląsku Cieszyńskim (Confessional relations in the linguistic picture of the world in Cieszyn Silesia ). Competing interests: The author has declared he has no competing interests." 35 W4252673581.pdf 2 "Automated transmission of hand water pumps in remote towns of Nigeria: Attaining a sustainable development project mana gement 15 Journal of Production and Industrial En gineering www.rame.org.in components. [8] Eight key sustainable factors have been identified. These are: policy context, institutional arran gements, economic and financial issues, Community and social aspects, technology and the natural environment, supply of spare parts, maintenance and monitoring. These individual factors, together with guidance on sustainability, were explored extensively i n relation to financing, effective demand and management. In combination with the experience of authors in this field, remote water supply service failures are due to two broad aspects with these observations in literature reviews : Technical : Failure relating to the design and construction of the borehole, pump selection type and procedure and the lack of replacement parts . Managerial : These are failures linked to poor local administration and inefficient systems of support (financial, operational, and management) . It is evident that the cause of the failure in hand water pump could be technical or managerial. Analyzing the gaps of automation transmission from these prospects is imminent. D. Research Aim This research paper aimed to evaluate the ideal issu es related to transmission of hand water pump in remote towns of Nigeria and other nations and also analyze the causal issues of hand water pump failures with recommended solutions to enhance its efficiency and sustainability. This paper also tries to enha nce the relationship between the users and suppliers and how automation transmission can be passed across to the users. E. Scope and Importance of Study The research analysis of 32 hand water pumps has scope in present and future. This research will eliminate all the problems associated with the present situation of automating hand washing pumps in remote communities of Nigeria. This research has high cost, high time consuming and will be an important government and nongovernmental tool in achieving their requ isite target towards automating the hand water pumps. II. METHODOLOGY The research methodology used is the mixed methods, namely qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis. A mixed methods approach attempts to take advantage of t he similarities and differences in qualitative and quantitative methods [17]. The research population that was selected for the case study is are funded by International Organization for Migration located in Borno State. For the hand water pump users, from a sample of 70 borehole sites in IOM areas of operation, 32 boreholes were selected through multi -stage, systematic random sampling in 6 remote towns of Borno State which are: Bama, Gwoza, Chibok, Mafa, Damboa, Dikwa, Local Government Areas respectively. A questionnaire was administered to 73 users who source water from the 32 boreholes; 93% of them were regular members of the towns. The selection of hand water pump for the research were based on the relative distribution of the pump sizes. Information was collected from key informants from International Non -Governmental Organizations (INGOs), Government agencies, pump manufacturers and other stakeholders in the provision and use of hand pumps in Nigeria. III. DISCUSSION AND RESULT The hand water pump usability and efficiency differ with various brands from suppliers. Also, some hand water pumps are frequently used more than others. This result to the breakdown and malfunctioning of major hand water pumps. Further research indicates that some of the boreholes have no sufficient water in it, thus making the hand water pump useless in the static position. The malfunctioning of the hand water pump is due to the design, operational and maintenance of the instrument. Other research and papers have supported this claim , as [8] asserts that the primary reason for hand pumps failure is insufficient attention to the operation and maintenance." 36 W4386929387.pdf 10 "27. 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Eddy-resolving simulation of the Atlantic Water circulation in the Fram Strait with focus on the seasonal cycle. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 122, 8385 –8405 (2017). 53. Wang, Q. et al. Eddy kinetic energy in the Arctic Ocean from a global simulation with a 1 ‐km Arctic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 47.https://doi.org/10.1029/ 2020GL088550 (2020).54. Steele, M., Morley, R. & Ermold, W. PHC: a global ocean hydrography with a high-quality Arctic ocean. J. Clim. 14, 2079 –2087 (2001). 55. Tsujino, H. et al. JRA-55 based surface dataset for driving ocean –sea-ice models (JRA55-do). Ocean Model 130,7 9 –139 (2018). 56. Yeager, S. G. Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: the data sets and flux climatologies coordinated ocean-ice reference experiments view project. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6KK98Q6 (2004). 57. Scherrer, S. C., Croci-Maspoli, M., Schwierz, C. & Appenzeller, C. Two- dimensional indices of atmospheric blocking and their statistical relationship with winter climate patterns in the Euro-Atlantic region. Int. J. Climatol. 26, 233 –249 (2006). 58. KOBAYASHI, S. et al. The JRA-55 reanalysis: general speci fications and basic characteristics. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japn. Ser. II 93,5–48 (2015). 59. TIBALDI, S. & MOLTENI, F. On the operational predictability of blocking. Tellus A 42, 343 –365 (1990). Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) through the Tra nsregional Collaborative Research Centre TRR-172 “ArctiC Ampli fication: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and SurfaCe Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3”(grant 268020496). A.R. acknowledges funding by the Eur- opean Union ’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation framework program under Grant agreement no.101003590 (PolarRES project). M.I. was partially supported by BMBF through the project “Abrupt Climate Shifts and Extremes over Eurasia in Response to Arctic Sea Ice Change (ACE) ”under Grant 01LP2004A. We would li ke to thank Mirseid Akperov for providing the cyclone detection and tracking data. Furthermore, this work was supported by the North-German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN). We are grateful to the HLRN super- computer staff, for providing the infrastructure allowing us to perform this research. Author contributions F.O.H. designed the study, carried out the model experiments, and wrote the paper draft.L.A. analyzed the cyclone data. Q.W. and C.W. assisted in setting up and executing themodel simulations. M.I. carried out the atmospheric blocking analysis. T.K. and A.R., aswell as all other coauthors, assisted in interpreting and contextualizing the results. All coauthors were involved in reviewing and finalizing the manuscript. Funding Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00985-1 . Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Finn Ole Heukamp. Peer review information Communications Earth & Environment thanks Vidar Lien and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Primary Handling Editors: Jennifer Veitch, Heike Langenberg. A peer review file is available. Reprints and permission information is available at http://www.nature.com/reprints Publisher ’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional af filiations. 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To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/ . © The Author(s) 2023COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00985-1 ARTICLE COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT | (2023) 4:324 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00985-1 | www.nature.com/commsenv 11" 37 W4388858682.pdf 4 "Sustainability 2023 ,15, 16179 5 of 16 Then, to produce the particleboard panel the cardoon particles were blended with the adhesive system in a 2500 W laboratory paddle mixer (iMAL 00G3446) for 5 min. The final mixture is placed in a mold/tray (a square aluminum container, with 220 22080 mm3dimensions), considering an adhesive/cardoon ratio of 0.8. The pressing was performed using a small computer-controlled scale/laboratorial press with 4000 W of power. Since it is necessary to preheat the press to 190C, in order to press the particleboard, two scenarios were considered with regard to the duration of the operation: (1) 65 min for summer conditions (summer scenario) and (2) 125 min for winter conditions (winter scenario). The hot plate pressing procedure itself involved pressing in two stages: (1) First, the cardoon/adhesive mixture in the mold was placed on the bottom plate and pressed to a 16 mm thickness for 60 s. (2) Then, the upper plate was raised to a 22 mm thickness and the particleboard was kept in the press for 240 s to allow the panel to expand. After pressing, stabilization follows, in which the particleboard remains at a temperature of 20 2C and a relative humidity of 65 5% until they reach a constant mass, as during the cooling period, they will lose some water. Finally, the panel is cut using a 1200 W squaring machine (MIDA SCE) for trimming the sides of the panel, which takes around 20 s, followed by the panel’s thickness calibration using a 6000 W sander (Boere Select-1100 kk) for sanding the panel for 1 min. The final product obtained in this way is the particleboard, with 220 22016 mm3dimensions, corresponding to this work’s functional unit. The particleboard main characteristics were determined according to the applicable European Standards, in particular the density [ 23], moisture content [ 24], internal bond strength [25] and thickness swelling [26]. Although important for a more holistic understanding of the particleboard environ- mental impacts, the particleboard finishing, distribution, utilization and end-of-life stages were not considered in this study. Evaluating these final stages in the life cycle of parti- cleboard poses a number of challenges due to the lack of information and data published in the literature. For example, there is no single final application for the particleboard, as it can be used for different purposes in both the construction and furniture industries. It would therefore be necessary to simulate its many applications, and even in these usage scenarios, the variability and uncertainty would be enormous due to lack of user data and information. Also, such an analysis is beyond the scope of this study, which focuses on the environmental analysis of the panel production process, produced from agricultural waste and with an adhesive system of renewable origin, following a “cradle-to-gate” approach. 2.2. Case Study Description: Particleboard Formulation As described above, this work considers a specific case study, which aims to evaluate the life cycle of a particleboard produced from cardoon fibers with a potato starch/chitosan adhesive, based on the experimental work described by Monteiro et al. [ 13]. The adhesive consists of the following components: potato starch, distilled water, chitosan and propionic acid. The best initial formulation for the particleboard, according to Monteiro et al. [ 13] has the following components and characteristics:  Starch/cardoon ratio (dry basis): 0.80;  Chitosan/starch ratio: 0.05;  Water/starch ratio: 1.75;  Cardoon mass (wet basis): 0.113 kg;  Initial moisture in the cardoon: 13%;  Chitosan in the final solution: 5 wt%;  Propionic acid solution: 6 wt%. Based on these data, mass balances were carried out to calculate the quantities of each raw material entering the system under study, required for the life cycle inventory. The particleboards produced using this formulation had a final density, after stabilization, trimming and calibration, of 323 kg m" 38 W4396518644.pdf 2 "Remote Sens. 2024 ,16, 1591 3 of 15 which are one of the main hubs of the “West–East Power Transmission” project. As one of them, Baihetan Hydropower Station, which is the second largest in the world in terms of power generation capacity, is located in Qiaojia County, Yunnan Province and Nanning County, Sichuan Province, in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River (as shown in Figure 1). The Baihetan reservoir region experiences a subtropical dry/warm river valley climate, with an average annual temperature that varies from 12◦C to 20◦C. The region undergoes significant rainfall between May and October, contributing to approximately 90% of the annual precipitation in contrast to the clear and dry weather prevalent from November to April with minimal rainfall [ 28]. The area is primarily composed of limestone and basalt rocks, with basalt being structurally fragile and prone to fracturing. Factors, including precipitation, gravity, and water level changes due to reservoir operations, contribute to the frequent occurrence of geological hazards like landslides and debris flows, which has a significant impact on reservoir water level changes and the stability of the dam. Remote Sens. 2024 , 16, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 16 2. Study Area and Datasets 2.1. Study Area Jinsha River originates from the Tanggula Mountains in Qinghai Province, China. It is dominated by steep alpine banks and deep valleys and, as a result, forms a typical al- pine-canyon terrain. The large elevation drop (about 3300 m), rugged terrain, and abun- dant water resources have resulted in the co nstruction of more than 20 hydropower sta- tions, which are one of the main hubs of th e “West–East Power Transmission” project. As one of them, Baihetan Hydropower Station, which is the second largest in the world in terms of power generation capacity, is located in Qiaojia County, Yunnan Province and Nanning County, Sichuan Province, in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River (as shown in Figure 1). The Baihetan reservoir region ex periences a subtropical dry/warm river valley climate, with an average annual temper ature that varies from 12 °C to 20 °C. The region undergoes signi ficant rainfall between May and October, contributing to approximately 90% of the annual precipitation in contrast to the clear and dry weather prevalent from November to April with minimal rainfall [28]. The area is primarily composed of lime- stone and basalt rocks, with basalt being structurally fragile and prone to fracturing. Fac-tors, including precipitation, gravity, and wa ter level changes due to reservoir operations, contribute to the frequent occurrence of geol ogical hazards like landslides and debris flows, which has a signi ficant impact on reservoir water level changes and the stability of the dam. Figure 1. Study area overview. 2.2. Datasets This study utilized SAR data from two satellite missions collected from four orbits, including L-band data from both the ascending and descending orbits of ALOS-2 and C- band data from both the ascending and descending orbits of Sentinel-1. The datasets con-sisted of 11 ascending images, 9 ascending images from ALOS-2, and 35 ascending images, 32 descending images from Sentinel-1. Figure 2 shows the temporal distribution of these images. Figure 1 displays the coverage area of the SAR images, while Table 1 presents the main parameters. For this study, the data on vegetation coverage originated from the Figure 1. Study area overview. 2.2. Datasets This study utilized SAR data from two satellite missions collected from four orbits, including L-band data from both the ascending and descending orbits of ALOS-2 and C-band data from both the ascending and descending orbits of Sentinel-1. The datasets consisted of 11 ascending images, 9 ascending images from ALOS-2, and 35 ascending images, 32 descending images from Sentinel-1. Figure 2 shows the temporal distribution of these images. Figure 1 displays the coverage area of the SAR images, while Table 1 presents the main parameters. For this study, the data on vegetation coverage originated from the Landsat 8 satellite. The Landsat panchromatic image of the study area was obtained in August 2022." 39 W2998216593.pdf 3 "Minerals 2020 ,10, 20 4 of 15 structure of the nodules indicated that Ni, Cu, and Co are bound to the (MnO 6) octahedra of Mn-oxide [ 11]. No isolated Ni-, Co-, or Cu-bearing crystalline structures were observed in the XRD pattern. Minerals 2020 , 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 15 Mn-oxide [11]. No isolated Ni-, Co-, or Cu-bearing crystalline structures were observed in the XRD pattern. 20 40 60 80100200300400500600♣ ♣ ♣ ♣♦− Quartz ∇− Feldspar ♦∇Intensity(counts) Two-Theat(deg)∇♦10 Å phyllomanganate ♣− Figure 1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of polymetallic nodules. 3.2. Thermodynamic Analysis A selective reduction process is based on the difference in reduction temperatures of several main metal oxides. Selective reduction of polymeta llic oxides can be achieved by controlling the temperature interval. The oxides of Ni, Co, Cu, an d Fe were reduced to form metallic states, and MnO 2 was reduced to MnO. The reaction formula of metal oxides reduced by carbon is as follows: MeO + C = Me + CO (1) 2MeO + C = 2Me + CO 2 (2) where Me is Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, etc. The standard Gibbs free energy changes of the main Equations (3)–(12) in the solid-state metalized reduction process were calculated using HSC 6.0 software. NiO (s) + C (s) = Ni (s) + CO (g) ΔGө = [121094 − 171.67 T] J·mol−1 T0 = 705.38 K (3) CoO (s) + C (s) = Co (s)+CO (g) ΔGө = [131084 − 164.27 T] J·mol−1 T0 = 797.96 K (4) CuO (s) + C (s) = Cu (s) + CO (g) ΔGө = [37829 − 170.96 T] J·mol−1 T0 = 221.27 K (5) 3Fe 2O3 (s) + C (s) = 2Fe 3O4 (s) + CO (g) ΔGө = [237700 − 222.00 T] J·mol−1 T0 = 1070.72 K (6) Fe3O4 (s) + C (s) = 3FeO (s) + CO (g) ΔGө = [262350 − 179.70 T] J·mol−1 T0 = 1459.93 K (7) FeO (s) + C (s) = Fe (s) + CO (g) ΔGө = [147763 − 150.06 T] J·mol−1 T0 = 984.68 K (8) Figure 1. X-ray di raction (XRD) pattern of polymetallic nodules. 3.2. Thermodynamic Analysis A selective reduction process is based on the di erence in reduction temperatures of several main metal oxides. Selective reduction of polymetallic oxides can be achieved by controlling the temperature interval. The oxides of Ni, Co, Cu, and Fe were reduced to form metallic states, and MnO 2was reduced to MnO. The reaction formula of metal oxides reduced by carbon is as follows: MeO +C=Me+CO (1) 2MeO +C=2Me+CO 2 (2) where Me is Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, etc. The standard Gibbs free energy changes of the main Equations (3)–(12) in the solid-state metalized reduction process were calculated using HSC 6.0 software. NiO (s) +C (s) =Ni (s) +CO (g) DG/uni04E9=[121,094 " 40 W2045820004.pdf 0 "50 www.scielo.br/rsbmtINTRODUCTIONRevista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 46(1):50-54, Jan-Feb, 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0037-86821738 2013 Major Article Address to . Dr. Miguel Tanús Jorge. Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar/ HC/UFU. Av. Pará 1720, Campus Umuarama, Umuarama. 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brasil.Phone: 55 34 3218-2224; Fax: 55 34 3218-2199e-mail: miglind@ufu.br Received in 20/08/2012 Accepted in 11/01/2013Impact of an intervention in the use of sequential antibiotic therapy in a Brazilian university hospital Raquel Melo Rodrigues[1], Astrídia Marília de Souza Fontes[1],[2], Orlando César Mantese[1], Renata Souza Martins[1] and Miguel Tanús Jorge[1],[2] [1]. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Uberlândia, MG. [2]. Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Uberlândia, MG. ABSTRACT Introduction: Sequential antibiotic therapy (SAT) is safe and economical. However, the unnecessary use of intravenous (IV) administration usually occurs. The objective of this work was to get to know the effectiveness of an intervention to implement the SAT in a teaching hospital in Brazil. Methods: This was a prospective and interventional study, historically controlled, and was conducted in the Hospital de Clínicas , Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, a high complexity teaching hospital having 503 beds. In each of the periods, from 04/04/05 to 07/20/05 (pre-intervention) and from 09/24/07 to 12/20/07 (intervention), 117 patients were evaluated. After the pre-intervention period, guidelines were developed which were implemented during the intervention period along with educational measures and a reminder system added to the patients’ prescription. Results: In the pre-intervention and intervention periods, the IV antibiotics were used as treatment for a average time of 14.8 and 11.8 days, respectively. Ceftriaxone was the antibiotic most prescribed in both periods (23.4% and 21.6% respectively). Starting from the first prescription of antibiotics, the average length of hospitalization time was 21.8 and 17.5 days, respectively. The SAT occurred only in 4 and 5 courses of treatment, respectively, and 12.8% and 18.8% of the patients died in the respective periods. Conclusions: Under the presented conditions, the evaluated intervention strategy is ineffective in promoting the exchange of the antibiotic administration from IV to oral treatment (SAT). Keywords: Antibiotics. Antimicrobial. Antibiotic policy. Switch therapy In many developing countries, the availability and the use of antibiotics are poorly controlled, resulting in high rates of microbial resistance 1. Brazil has a Unified Health System (SUS), which provides for all actions and health services which are gratuitously provided by the governments. SUS is applied to the entire Brazilian population 2, and the health authorities are concerned about the proper use of antibiotics3. Serious bacterial infections should be, and are traditionally treated with IV antibiotics. However, after clinical improvement, the oral treatment (OT) can be used. Besides, the prolonged and unnecessary use of IV , although not desirable, usually occurs 4. One of the data used to evaluate the use of antibiotics in hospitals described by the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) is the proportion of oral versus parenteral use. (ESAC moved to European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control – ECDC - in 2011 and is now named ESAC-Net) 5. Sequential antibiotic therapy (SAT) refers to the exchange from the parenteral route to the oral treatment as soon as the patient is clinically stable. Clinical and laboratory criteria are suggested so as to identify the patients who are sufficiently stable to enable therapy change 6. It is already clear that SAT is safe, and economical, and that it improves the quality of healthcare4,7. Oral formulations are cheaper then IV ones, leading to a reduction in the following: time of preparation and administration, work of nursing staff, drug waste and length of hospitalization. The OT is also easy to continue at home 8-10. Moreover, the reduction of the hospital stay and the length of catheter use, due to SAT, may lead to a reduction in hospital infection incidence 8,11,12. As a consequence of the increasing economic pressure, it becomes necessary to control hospital costs which are deeply influenced by the use of intravenous drugs, thus the SAT strategy is being more and more implemented. Therefore, studies are considered necessary in order to reduce the use of IV antibiotics in the treatment of hospitalized patients 13. Previous studies with SAT differ as to the characteristics of the intervention, of the hospital, of the infectious syndromes and of the antibiotics tested 6,14-17. In this context, the purpose of this present study was to discover the frequency of SAT practice and, especially, an effective strategy to reduce the use of IV antibiotics by the implementation of the SAT in a teaching hospital in Brazil. METHODS This prospective, historically controlled, interventional study was conducted at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (HCU). The HCU is a public teaching" 41 W2883663628.pdf 4 "BULLETIN OF RSMU 2, 2018 VESTNIKRGMU.RU | |METHOD SURGERY77lesser pain, in some cases the pain was gone completely and knee functions returned in full, which had positive effect on patient satisfaction. Today, collagen matrix is the most advanced widely available biological material used to repair cartilage tissue, a material that positively affects stem cell differentiation and chondrogenesis. We believe this operation is the proper choice for patients with 3rd stage of Koenig's disease (full-thickness defects of hyaline cartilage, no damage to subchondral bone). Prerequisites: healthy hyaline cartilage surrounding the defect, viable subchondral bone and unchanged mechanical axis of the lower limb. Contraindications: multiple cartilage defects, including ""kissing lesions""; widespread knee osteoarthritis; systemic autoimmune diseases; knee joint instability caused by ligament and meniscus injury; valgus or varus leg deformations that call for corrective surgery; allergic reactions to collagen. Special attention should be paid to the state of the subchondral bone: expressed sclerosis there indicates its non-viability. We believe the non-viable part of the bone should be sanitated up to the healthy, bleeding layers, and the defect remedied through osteoplasty. Lack of pinpoint bleeding after subchondral bone tunneling signals of its non-viability, which should alert the surgeon. In such cases, implantation of a collagen matrix without osteoplasty is fruitless. The list below presents our recommendations based on the analysis of long-term outcomes of AMIC technique application to our patients. – A mandatory prerequisite for collagen matrix implantation is healthy and stable subchondral bone. – Deep (over 5 mm) local damage to subchondral bone calls for osteoplasty on the osteochondral defect.– Simultaneous osteoplasty (on the osteochondral defect, using a biocomposite bone) and matrix implantation is unpromising. – Physical activity level of the patient should be factored in when planning the surgery. Unfortunately, AMIC and sport of records are incompatible. CONCLUSION Having analyzed the outcomes of treatment done in our hospital, as well as available literature and technical capabilities, we optimized the algorithm for surgical treatment of patients suffering from knee osteochondritis desiccans and arrived at a number of conclusions: 1) patients with open physes should undergo removal of the non-viable cartilaginous plate, sanation of the osteochondral defect and subchondral bone tunneling;2) AMIC technique is the optimal choice for cases where there is a full-thickness local cartilage damage and undamaged subchondral bone; 3) local osteochondral defects measuring less than 10 cm2 may best be treated with ""mosaic"" osteochondral autotransplantation; 4) local osteochondral defects measuring 10–15 cm2 call for combined ""mosaic"" osteochondral transplantation. In conclusion, we would like to note that through the objective analysis of errors and complications we have managed to change the stereotypes around local cartilage and osteochondral femoral condyle defects treatment tactics, sort out a number of unpromising technologies and improve the surgery procedures. Nevertheless, surgery on knee osteochondritis desiccans is still is subject containing many controversial issues. 1. Anders S, W iech O, Schaumburger J, et al. Autologus Matrix induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) for focal chondal defects of the knee — first results. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009; 91 (Suppl.1): 83–7. 2. Malanin DA, Pisar ev VB, Novochadov VV. Vosstanovlenie povregdeniy chryasha v kolennom sustave. Eksperimental’nye i klinicheskie aspekty. Volgograd: Volgogradskoe nauchnoe izdatel’stvo; 2010. 455 с. 3. Alfor d JW, Cole BJ. Cartilage restoration, part 1: basic science, historical perspective, patient evaluation and treatment options. Am J Sports Med. 2005; 33 (2): 295–306. 4. Solheim E, Hegna J, Inderhaug E, Oyen J, Harlem T , Strand T. Results at 10–14 years after microfracture treatment of articular cartilage defects in the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthroscop. 2016; 24 (5): 1587–93. 5. Xing L, Jiang Y , Gui J, Lu Y, et al. Microfracture combined with osteochondral paste implantation was more effective than microfracture alone for full-thickness cartilage repair. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthroscop. 2013; 21 (8): 1770–76. 6. Laupattarakasem W, Laopaiboon M, Laupattarakasem P , Sumananont C. Arthroscopic debridement for knee osteoarthritis (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008; Issue 1. Art. No.: CD005118. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005118.pub2. 7. Stadnikov AA, Kavalerskiy GM, Arhipov SV, Pavlov VP , Makarov SA, Makarov MA, i dr. Novye metody hirurgicheskogo lecheniya defectov gialinovogo chryasha kolennogo sustava u bol’nyh s gonartrozom. Nauchno-practicheskaya revmatologiya. 2009; 3: 90–3. 8. T ratting S, Ba-Ssalamah A, Pinker K, Plank C, Vescei V, Marlovits S. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2005; 23 (7): 779–87. 9. Koval’chul VN. Klassifikaciya povr egdeniy chryasha kolennogo sustava. Luchevaya diagnostica, luchevaya terapiya. 2012; 1: 99–106. 10. Golovaha ML, Loskutov AE, Egorov VF. Korrelyacia dannyh magnitno-rezonansnoy tomografii i artroscopii pri travmaticheskih povregdeniyah kolennogo sustava. Praktikyushemu vrachu. 2011; 12 (2): 99–105. 11. Lazishvili GD, Zatikyan VR, Shukyur -Zadeh ER, Kornaev AS, Akmataliev KI, Danilov MA. Actual direction of chondroplasty. Bulletin of Russian State Medical University. 2013; 3: 13–17. 12. Malyshev EE, Kor olyov SB, Pavlov DV, Kuvshinov SG. Osteochondral autoplasty of the extensive post-traumatic defect of the proximal tibia. Modern technologies in medicine. 2014; 6 (2): 142–7. 13. Kotel’nikov GP , Larcev YV, Kudashev DS, Zuev-Ratnikov SD, Shorin IS. Mosaicplasty in the treatment of patients with destructive-dystrophic and post-traumatic lesions hyaline cartilage in the knee joint — experimental and clinical aspects. Fundamental research. 2013; 9: 252–5. 14. Zakir ova AR. Artroskopicheskoe lechenie hrjashevyh defectov kolennogo sustava. М.: 2010. 15. Caldwell PE, Shelton WR. Indications for allografts. Orthop Сlin North Am. 2005; 36 (4): 459–67. 16. Sadlik B, W iewiorski M. Implantation of a collagen matrix for an AMIC repair during dry arthroscopy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015; 23: 2349–52. 17. Gille J, Schuseil E, Wimmer J, et al. Mid-term results of autologus matrix-indused chondrogenesis for treatment of focal cartilage defects in the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010; 18: 1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-010-1042-3. 18. Pascar ella A, Ciatti R, Pascarella F, et al. Treatment of articular cartilage lesions of the knee joint using a modified AMIC technique. References" 42 W2149919639.pdf 4 "Figure 1 TRiaDS Framework .Clarkson et al.Implementation Science 2010, 5:57 http://www.implementationscience.com/content/5/1/57Page 5 of 10" 43 W4361016437.pdf 7 " ( 396 (ً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﱰﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ)ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﺎﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﺎء ........... ........ ) ٢-ﻲﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺻ ٢ ،  ل   ، وا ا ول اى ا ن أن  ت ا  ، وق اك واا () : ١ن: -  ر و أن  ا أ ؛ ا وا اا M x y z { | } ~  L /)ط۴۴  اث أ .( ()   ا ۵٩   م ا () :»َ ()  ا  ِ، و   ا  ِ، و  دَ  إ ا  ِ ِ و ا « ،)د ۶٢١،۶٨٣١ (. ٢- ل ا   :  ل  إ   ()    م أنء أو ا  ا»أ   سُ ا إم  ِ وا  ُأ  ْ   ط ِْ و أإ  ْ إ    و أمْ  ْ ْَ   ِ َ و إ أ ْ   ... ْ « ر، ا)م۶٣١ (. ، ن آ و  ل  ذ  ث ا  روح ا   أم س:  ل م ،»أ   سُا ا ُِَ ا  ِْُ ح ٍٍ وا ِُ اُْ وا ْِ َ َ  ْ ْ رُو  ا  ر ... « ر، ا)م۶٣١ (. ٣-  ا    :  أو وان وا أن   ا  أم ا   ، و  ة  ي ا  ت : »أ   سُ ا إم  ْ ُْَ   ُ ا ا  ا  و  ما  ءُ ُأدّ و أ  ُ إ   ْ  أدّتِ وا  ءُ ْ إ َ ُَْَ ...«) ر ا،م ٨۴٢ (. و  ل  ا۵٠١ : : » إم     ا  إ  َّُ ِ  أ غُ: ر  ا  ِ،دُ و ا  ا  ا  ِ ... ، « ) ر ا،م ۶٣١ (. ٢-ﺔﻴﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﻋﻆ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗ ﺤﺔﻴﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻧﺼ ٣ ل ا ب أ  ا   وا وا  ا  ا   ا و    قل ط  ا   : ١- د س أمم ءس ا اآن ا ا ، :ن M µ ¶ ¸ ¹º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À ÁÂ Ã Ä Å Æ Ç L ) ه / ا  ٩۶٢ (" 44 W4391045572.pdf 14 "Molecules 2024 ,29, 498 15 of 21 especially the walnut have been intensively studied for their individual, multiple biological activities both for human health and phytosanitary properties. This review particularly highlights the antimicrobial activity on some pathogenic mi- croorganisms that manifest their action on plant, leguminous, and fruit crops, which raises the hypothesis of the separate or combined use of walnut and elderberry extracts to prevent or stop the proliferation of pathogens. From this perspective, we have already initiated a research series with the aim of verifying the combined action of the phytochemicals of the two species, in order to obtain additional benefits in anticipation of a synergistic effect. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.-L.F., I.-L.I. and O.-I.P .; writing—original draft prepara- tion, A.S.-B. and I.-A. S,.; writing—review and editing, I.-L.I. and O.-I.P .; visualization, A.S.-B., I.-A. S,., I.-L.I. and O.-I.P .; supervision, A.-L.F.; project administration, A.-L.F.; funding acquisition, A.-L.F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This study received no external funding. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Not applicable. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References 1. Ramawat, K.G.; M érillon, J.-M. (Eds.) Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Plants ; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2008. 2. Tringali, C. (Ed.) Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources. Isolation, Characterisation and Biological Properties ; Taylor & Francis: London, UK, 2001. 3. Colegate, S.M.; Molyneux, R.J. (Eds.) Bioactive Natural Products: Detection, Isolation, and Structural Determination ; CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2008. 4. Suteu, D.; Rusu, L.; Zaharia, C.; Badeanu, M.; Daraban, G.M. Challenge of utilization vegetal extracts as natural plant protection products. Appl. Sci. 2020 ,10, 8913. [CrossRef] 5. Li, Y.; Chemat, F. Plant Based “Green Chemistry 2.0” ; Springer: Singapore, 2019. 6. Nicolescu, V .-N.; R édei, K.; Vor, T.; Bastien, J.-C.; Brus, R.; Benˇ cat, T.; Ðodan, M.; Cvjetkovic, B.; Andrašev, S.; La Porta, N.; et al. A review of black walnut ( Juglans nigra L.) ecology and management in Europe. Trees 2020 ,34, 1087–1112. [CrossRef] 7. Available online: https://agrobiznes.ro/2023-01-31-romania-ramane-cel-mai-mare-producator-de-nuci-din-ue-circa-20-000 -de-ha-urmeaza-sa-intre-pe-rod/ (accessed on 19 September 2023). 8. Available online: https://www.indexbox.io/search/production-walnut-romania/ (accessed on 5 October 2023). 9. Institutul Na t,ional de Statistic ă.Produc t,ia Vegetal ăla Principalele Culturi în Anul 2021 ; Editura Institutului Na t,ional de Statistic ă: Bucharest, Romania, 2022. 10. Popa, R.-G.; B ălăcescu, A.; Popescu, L.G. Organic walnut cultivation in intensive and super-intensive system—Sustainable investment. Case study: Gorj County, Romania. Sustainability 2023 ,15, 1244. [CrossRef] 11. Lozan, A.; Arndt, C. Report on the Status of Organic Agriculture and Industry in Romania ; EkoConnect: Desden, Germany, 2022. 12. Mocanu, M.L.; Amariei, S. Elderberries—A source of bioactive compounds with antiviral action. Plants 2022 ,11, 740. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 13. Pascariu, O.-E.; Israel-Roming, F. Bioactive compounds from elderberry: Extraction, health benefits, and food applications. Processes 2022 ,10, 2288. [CrossRef] 14. Has,, I.M.; Teleky, B.-E.; Szabo, K.; Simon, E.; Ranga, F.; Diaconeasa, Z.M.; Purza, A.L.; Vodnar, D.-C.; Tit, D.M.; Ni t,escu, M. Bioactive potential of elderberry ( Sambucus nigra L.): Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, bioaccessibility and prebiotic potential. Molecules 2023 ,28, 3099. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 15. Zhan, Y.; Ma, M.; Chen, Z.; Ma, A.; Li, S.; Xia, J.; Jia, Y. A review on extracts, chemical composition and product development of walnut Diaphragma juglandis fructus. Foods 2023 ,12, 3379. [CrossRef] 16. Sharma, M.; Sharma, M.; Sharma, M. A comprehensive review on ethnobotanical, medicinal and nutritional potential of walnut (Juglans regia L.).Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. 2022 ,88, 601–616. [CrossRef] 17. Bourais, I.; Elmarrkechy, S.; Taha, D.; Mourabit, Y.; Bouyahya, A.; El Yadini, M.; Machich, O.; El Hajjaji, S.; El Boury, H.; Dakka, N.; et al. A review on medicinal uses, nutritional value, and antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer potential related to bioactive compounds of J. regia .Food Rev. Int. 2023 ,39, 6199–6249. [CrossRef] 18. Sidor, A.; Gramza-Michałowska, A. Advanced research on the antioxidant and health benefit of elderberry ( Sambucus nigra ) in food—A review. J. Funct. Food. 2015 ,18, 941–958. [CrossRef] 19. Du, H.; Li, C.; Wen, Y.; Tu, Y.; Zhong, Y.; Yuan, Z.; Li, Y.; Liang, B. Secondary metabolites from pericarp of Juglans regia .Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 2014 ,54, 88–91. [CrossRef]" 45 W2150962617.pdf 3 "4 Volume 109 | Number 9/10 September/October 2013South African Journal of Science http://www.sajs.co.zaTable 3: Student responses to questions about their university environment Survey question Stream 1 (%)Stream 2 (%) Where are you living while at university? Residence 73†63† Off-campus accommodation 19 24 At home 5 9 How are you paying for your studies? Financial aid 45†44† Family 36 41 Bursary 9 9 Other 2 2 †Totals less than 100% indicate a null student response to the question. What was your reason for choosing to study physics? In Stream 1, approximately 40% of the students are doing Physics as part of an Engineering degree. Their responses indicate that they enjoyed the subject matter and found that it helps them better understand their Applied Mathematics curriculum. Approximately 40% of the students in Stream 1 intended to major in Physics. The remaining 20% of respondents in Stream 1 are taking Physics as a gateway to other career paths such as Medical or Engineering degrees. In Stream 2, 90% of the students are studying Physics because it is a prerequisite for their modules in life sciences or agricultural sciences. The remaining 10% are studying Physics as a gateway to other fields of study. What were the main adjustments between physics in school and at university? A high number (40%) of students cited an increase in the workload as the main adjustment between school and university physics. About 10% found it difficult to cope with university physics mainly because of the language barrier. English-only lectures made communication difficult as the students were not used to a solely English environment. Most of the 10% were fearful of asking questions in class because of their poor English and thus their misconceptions remained, which greatly affected their performance. Half (50%) of the students struggled with being expected to complete the experiments during the practicals by themselves in a fixed period of time, after never having been in a laboratory before. At least 20% said that both their physics knowledge and marks had improved and that they found physics at university more interesting because they now had unlimited access to books from the library. Some students reported that they found regular assessments to be difficult because they were not used to an environment of constant studying and testing. Would you understand physics better if your study materials and notes were in isiZulu? A small number (14%) of students believed that they would understand physics better if the materials were in isiZulu because they felt they would understand the content better if it were in their own language. About 44% of the respondents were against learning materials being in isiZulu, with their main concern being that confusion may arise because isiZulu does not have translations for most of the English terms used in physics. A further 42% of the students were unsure or hesitant as they felt that it would make no difference to their performance as they had to study hard to understand the physics regardless if the language. Are the labs easier to understand if they are explained to you in isiZulu? Nearly 85% of students believed that their understanding would improve if they could ask questions in the laboratory in isiZulu with the demonstrators responding in English. About 15% of the students insisted that demonstrators explaining in English did not help them as their command of English was poor and they would become more confused. They saw no benefit in having an isiZulu-speaking demonstrator unless the entire lab was conducted in isiZulu. Did you find the Physics tests difficult in terms of language and if so why? A quarter (23%) of the respondents found the tests difficult because they did not understand the language of the questions and how to answer them. Only 5% of the students indicated that they were genuinely flummoxed by the questions because they did not understand what the English words ‘derive’, ‘explain’ or ‘prove’ meant. A majority (71%) of the students found the tests easy to understand in terms of language but struggled with the physics component of the question or the mathematical computations and calculations. Did the isiZulu-speaking tutors help you to better understand the work? Nearly 67% of the students reported that having isiZulu-speaking tutors helped them better understand the work. The use of their own language made it easy to ask questions on things they did not comprehend in English. Most students opted to go only to the tutorials that were run by isiZulu-speaking tutors. They indicated that some of the tutors mixed isiZulu and English when explaining but they believed these tutorials still helped them to substantially improve. A small percentage (19%) of students said isiZulu-speaking tutors did not help because they still did not understand as the tutors used English throughout their explanations. A further 3% indicated that they did not understand explanations in both English and isiZulu and preferred only one language to be used. Do you think you would perform better if your notes were in isiZulu? Close to 53% of the respondents believed they would perform better if their notes were in isiZulu because they would feel more comfortable using their vernacular. Nearly 26% indicated that they would not perform any better, with their main concern being that some physics terms cannot be explained in isiZulu and others do not even exist. A few students (4%) said they were already accustomed to studying in English, so changing the language would not really change their performance. About 5% of students indicated that they are not proficient in isiZulu, even though it is their first language. If your tests and exams were administered in isiZulu, do you think it would improve your performance? Less than one-third (28%) of the students agreed that being tested in isiZulu would help their performance as they struggled to understand questions posed in English, even before attempting to answer the questions. This lack of understanding has cost them valuable time, hence if the questions were in isiZulu, they would have more time to concentrate on the physics content of the question. More than half (55%) of the students said it would not help their performance if the assessments were in isiZulu. These students said that they are already proficient in English and can explain more clearly in English than in isiZulu because of difficulties in translating some English words to isiZulu. These respondents were of the opinion that teaching science in isiZulu must be introduced at school and the vocabulary developed and introduced when they are still young. Do you think that being taught in isiZulu would make physics easier to understand and thus improve your performance in the subject? Just under half (49%) of the students agreed that isiZulu lectures would improve their understanding and performance because it would make it easier for them to ask questions in class and to interact with the teacher. Research Article Student responses to being taught physics in isiZulu Page 4 of 6" 46 W3004429072.pdf 5 "626 Mathews • STJ 2019, Vol 5, No 3, 621–642 the texts themselves evidence the perspective of the underclass as well as the voice of the “ruling class”. Furthermore, post-colonial studies of the Hebrew Bible are re-examining the material from the perspective of Israel as the colonised vassal rather than an entity with any real power.13 Second, the particular texts I explore are texts responding to a context of crisis, whether personal or communal. If the context in which we are “struggling for the fullness of life” is tragedy, grief or death, then humanity is united in a common experience. It could be argued that for these texts the common perspective is that of the oppressed, those who struggle, even “the poor.” In Hebrew lament psalms and the prophetic literature, the term ‛anawîm is frequently used which seems to deliberately merge meanings of “poor,” “humble” and “pious.” Much debate exists in regard to the meaning of this term14 but decisions about semantic nuances do not undermine the assertion that those who suffer crisis become emotionally impoverished. In the experience of grief all are coming from a perspective of struggle. As John de Gruchy has said, “Death … is the great leveller.”15 2. Biblical responses to crisis In the Old Testament we can find individual traditions that have “owned grief” in ways that may be helpful for our own crises. The biblical traditions discussed are not necessarily in chronological order – in fact, there is significant debate over the dating of most of them – and inevitably there is some commonality between their content. Nevertheless, they broadly reflect different but overlapping stages in the grieving process: inarticulate silence; expression of pain; switching into survival mode; reflection and analysis; and remembering or commemoration within liturgy. This survey of Old Testament perspectives begins with the book of Job – a book that transcends concrete historical placement yet has as its setting a situation of intense crisis: the physical, mental and spiritual anguish of an upright and innocent individual. 13 See Mark G. Brett, Decolonizing God: The Bible in the Tides of Empire (Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2008). 14 See J. David Pleins, “Poor, Poverty (Old Testament),” in Anchor Bible Dictionary Vol. 5, ed. D. N. Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 402-414. 15 de Gruchy, Led into Mystery , 5." 47 W4246413605.pdf 0 "Open Peer Review on Qeios Open Peer Review on Qeios National Research Service Award for Senior Fellows National Cancer Institute Source National Cancer Institute. National Research Service Award for Senior Fellows . NCI Thesaurus. Code C19497. To provide senior fellowship support to established scientists who wish to make major changes in the direction of their research careers or who wish to broaden their scientific background by acquiring new research capabilities as independent research investigators in scientific health-related fields relevant to the missions of the NCI. This award is designed for sabbatical periods. Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020 Qeios ID: FL4QP1 · https://doi.org/10.32388/FL4QP1 1 / 1" 48 W3120560435.pdf 1 " 3) Chevron Refinery Fire ( The U.S. Chemical Safety Board, 2015) On August 6, 2012, a catastrophic pipe rupture occurred in the Chevron Richmond refinery causing a fire which resulted in a large plume of vapor, particles, and smoke travelling across the surr ounding area. Six employees suffered minor injuries and approximately 15,000 people from surrounding communities sought medical treatment. The cause of the rupture was sulfidation corrosion. 4) Macondo Blowout and Explosion ( The U.S. Chemical Safety Board, 2016 a) On April 20, 2010, the control of the Macondo oil well was lost during temporary well -abandonment activities on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig resulting in an uncontrolled release of oil and gas from the well. On the rig, explosions and fire occurred which led to 11 deaths and 17 serious physical injuries and massive marine and coastal damage. Post-Macondo safety culture assessment by BP did not assess whether the company ’s policies for risk management and operational success which were recommended in above mentioned Baker Panel Report were followed at Macondo and no new finding was added from the previous report. 5) Tesoro Martinez Sulfuric Acid Spill ( The U.S. Chemical Safety Board, 2016 b) This report is the case study on process safety culture of the sulfuric acid releases occurring twice in succession at the Tesoro Martinez refinery. On February 12, 2014, the tubing of an acid sampling system came apart, spraying two operators and on March 10, 2014, two con tract workers were sprayed during planned non -routine maintenance work. The investigation found that a weak process safety culture created conditions conducive to the recurrence of sulfuric acid incidents that caused worker injuries over several years. 6) Williams Olefin Plant Explosion and Fire ( The U.S. Chemical Safety Board, 2016 c) On June 13, 2013, catastrophic equipment rupture, explosion, and fire occurred during non -routine operational activities in the Williams olefin plant, which killed two employees. The technical cause of the rupture was the introduction of the valves in 2001 which isolated the equipment from a protective pressure relief valve. 2.2 Key P rinciple s and Essential Features of Process Safety Culture in RBPS According to RBPS, following three key principles should be addressed in management systems for the process safety culture. Items listed for each key principle are the essential features. The abbreviation in the parenthes is at the end of each key principle and essential feature will be used in the following section 3. 1) Maintain a dependable practice (DP) a. Establish process safety as a core value (DP1) b. Provide strong leadership (DP2) c. Establish and enforce high standards of performance (DP3) d. Document the process safety culture emphasis and approach (DP4) 2) Develop and implement a s ound culture (SC) a. Maintain a sense of vulnerability (SC1) b. Empower individuals to successfully fulfill their safety responsibilities (SC2) c. Defer to expertise (SC3) d. Ensure open and effective communications (SC4) e. Establish a questioning/learning environment (SC5) f. Foster mutual trust (SC6) g. Provide timely response to process safety issues and concerns (SC7) 3) Monitor and Guide the Culture (MG) a. Provide continuous monitoring of performance (MG1) 3 CSB Safety Culture Weaknesses related to RBPS Essential Features In this section, the weaknesses of safety culture reported in the six investigation reports in section 2 -1 are introduced and are related to either of the essential features listed in section 2 -2. The abbreviation in the parenthes is at the end of each report and weakness will be used in Table 1 at the end of th is section. 1) BP America Refinery Explosion (BP) a. Lack of reporting and learning culture (BP1) Reporting culture is directly related to communications (SC4) and communication is based on mutual trust (SC6) between employees and managers. Learning culture is directly related to questioning/learni ng environment (SC5). b. Lack of focus on controlling major hazard risk (BP2) BP executives relied only on personal safety metrics to drive safety performance, which means that they focused only on personal safety and not on process safety. This is related to the lack to establish process safety as a core value (DP1). c. Safety implications of organizational change (BP3) Poorly managed corporate mergers accompanied by leadership and organizational change and also the budget cuts both show weaknesses in safety culture. These factors are related to the lack in providing strong leadership (DP2) and the lack in establishing high standards of performance (DP3). 2) Tesoro Refinery Fatal Explosion and Fire (TA) a. Management had normalized hazardous conditions (TA1) The leaks from the heat exchanger which caused this accident ha d occurred repeatedly at every startup operation and hazardous conditions were routinely developed for years. This shows the weakness in 2MATEC Web of Conferences 333, 10001 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133310001 APCChE 2019" 49 W2790250029.pdf 4 "Journal of Addiction 5 Table 2: Characteristics according to mortality status. Women Men Deceased, % (𝑛) Survived, % (𝑛) 𝑝 value Deceased, % (𝑛) Survived, % (𝑛) 𝑝 value 𝑁= 16 788 252 5979 Mean age 39.75 years 36.14 years 0.201 34.90 years 32.20 years <0.001 Urban residence, large city 31.3 (5) 39.6 (312) 0.610 44.8 (113) 45.6 (2725) 0.819 Country of birth, Nordic country 93.8 (15) 89.6 (706) 1.000 86.5 (218) 78.2 (4677) 0.002 Homelessness, last 30 days 6.3 (1) 19.3 (152) 0.331 19.4 (49) 16.8 (1003) 0.268 Client has children 75.0 (12) 64.6 (509) 0.443 50.8 (128) 45.0 (2692) 0.071 Chronic physical disease 62.5 (10) 57 .0 (449) 0.659 52.8 (133) 44.5 (2659) 0.009 Client has worked for the last 3 yrs 31.3 (5) 36.2 (285) 0.685 28.2 (71) 39.4 (2354) <0.001 Client has partner with substance abuse 37 .5 (6) 33.9 (267) 0.762 10.3 (26) 9.9 (594) 0.842 Lifetime history of substance abuse ( >1y r ) Binge drinking 62.5 (10) 39.7 (313) 0.066 47 .2 (119) 41.0 (2453) 0.050 Heroin 37 .5 (6) 18.9 (149) 0.062 33.3 (84) 16.9 (1008) <0.001 Methadone 12.5 (2) 4.6 (36) 0.127 4.4 (11) 2.8 (168) 0.148 Other opioids 18.8 (3) 14.1 (111) 0.486 18.7 (47) 12.5 (749) 0.004 Sedatives 43.8 (7) 26.4 (208) 0.121 40.9 (103) 28.5 (1704) <0.001 Cocaine 12.5 (2) 5.3 (42) 0.217 11.1 (28) 13.8 (826) 0.221 Amphetamine 56.3 (9) 54.4 (429) 0.886 58.7 (148) 50.3 (3006) 0.009 Cannabis 43.8 (7) 38.1 (300) 0.643 62.3 (157) 53.2 (3180) 0.004 Injection drug use 56.3 (9) 48.2 (380) 0.525 59.5 (150) 39.6 (2366) <0.001 M e a nn u m b e ro fs u b s t a n c e su s e d ,l a s t3 0d a y s 1.4 1.3 0.769 1.7 1.4 <0.001 Main crime in index verdict Violent crime 6.3 (1) 10.2 (80) 1.000 15.5 (39) 13.4 (799) 0.336 Property crime 6.3 (1) 15.6 (123) 0.489 23.4 (59) 21.9 (1308) 0.564 Drug crime 31.3 (5) 24.6 (194) 0.543 21.0 (53) 23.0 (1376) 0.463 Financial crime 0.0 (0) 6.2 (49) 0.616 2.4 (6) 3.9 (232) 0.224 Lifetime history of psychiatric problemsHospitalization 25.0 (4) 21.7 (171) 0.761 18.3 (46) 13.8 (825) 0.046 Suicide attempt 43.8 (7) 35.0 (276) 0.469 25.4 (64) 18.7 (1121) 0.008 Depression 68.8 (11) 62.6 (493) 0.612 47 .2 (119) 49.4 (2954) 0.497 Anxiety 68.8 (11) 66.6 (525) 0.858 54.8 (138) 51.2 (3060) 0.265 Cognitive problems 62.5 (10) 52.7 (415) 0.435 54.0 (136) 51.6 (3083) 0.454 Hallucinations 12.5 (2) 13.2 (104) 1.000 11.9 (30) 12.8 (763) 0.689 Difficulty controlling violent behaviour 37 .5 (6) 32.1 (253) 0.648 38.1 (96) 42.0 (2509) 0.223 associated with criminal recidivism among both the male clients. These results support previous findings that criminalrecidivism among criminal clients with substance abuse isdirectly linked to the severity of the substance abuse [17]. However, no substance abuse variable was associated with criminal recidivism among the female prisoners. The onlyvariables that were associated with elevated risk factors forcriminal recidivism in the female study population were maincrime in index verdict being a property crime and having apartner with substance abuse. This suggests that femaleoffenders have different factors sustaining a criminal lifestylethan male offenders.I nt h eb a s e l i n ec o m p a r i s o n ,t h ew o m e ni nt h i ss t u d y reported having partners with substance abuse to a muchhigher extent than their male counterparts. Previous researchon gender differences in drug-use careers has identified that f e m a l es u b s t a n c ea b u s e r sa r ei n fl u e n c e dt ou s ed r u g sb y sexual partners or spouses, as opposed to male substanceabusers, who are more influenced by peer pressure [20].Importantly, in the present study, having a partner withsubstance abuse was predictive of criminal recidivism. Intu-itively, this calls for further focus on the treatment of femaleoffenders’ partners, in order to facilitate a favorable outcomein substance abuse treatment and rehabilitation of women." 50 W2793023662.pdf 8 "provided the lowest jaw temperatures, although with a broader area of thermal damage. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Dr. Kathryn Osann, PhD, for her help with statistical data analysis. In addition, wewould like to express our appreciation to histopathologylaboratory technicians from Ronald Reagan University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, for their help in processing the samples. We would also like to thank Dr. Ralph V. Clayman for his critical review and feedback on the manuscript. Authors’ Contributions J.L. and Z.O. had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracyof data analysis. A.L. and J.L. carried out study concept and design. All authors acquired, analyzed, or interpreted data. Z.O. and J.L. drafted the article. Z.O., J.L., and Clayman criticallyreviewed the article for important intellectual content. K.O.carried out statistical analysis. J.L. supervised the study. Author Disclosure Statement No competing financial interests exist. References 1. Entezari K, Hoffmann P, Goris M, Peltier A, Van Veltho- ven R. A review of currently available vessel sealing sys- tems. Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies: MITAT 2007;16:52–57. 2. Janssen PF, Brolmann HA, Huirne JA. Effectiveness of electrothermal bipolar vessel-sealing devices versus other electrothermal and ultrasonic devices for abdominal surgi- cal hemostasis: A systematic review. Surg Endosc 2012;26: 2892–2901. 3. Landman J, Kerbl K, Rehman J, et al. Evaluation of a vessel sealing system, bipolar electrosurgery, harmonicscalpel, titanium clips, endoscopic gastrointestinal anasto- mosis vascular staples and sutures for arterial and venous ligation in a porcine model. J Urol 2003;169:697–700. 4. Kennedy JS, Stranahan PL, Taylor KD, Chandler JG. High- burst-strength, feedback-controlled bipolar vessel sealing. Surg Endosc 1998;12:876–878. 5. Hruby GW, Marruffo FC, Durak E, Collins SM, Pierorazio P, Humprey PA, Mansukhani MM, Landman J. Evaluation of surgical energy devices for vessel sealing and peripheral energy spread in a porcine model. J Urol 2007;178:2689– 2693. 6. MacDougall JD, Tuxen D, Sale DG, Moroz JR, Sutton JR. Arterial blood pressure response to heavy resistance exer- cise. J Appl Physiol 1985;58:785–790. 7. Narloch JA, Brandstater ME. Influence of breathing tech- nique on arterial blood pressure during heavy weight lift- ing. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995;76:457–462. 8. Newcomb WL, Hope WW, Schmelzer TM, Heath JJ, Norton HJ, Lincourt AE, Heniford BT, Iannitti DA. Com- parison of blood vessel sealing among new electrosurgical and ultrasonic devices. Surg Endosc 2009;23:90–96.9. Timm RW, Asher RM, Tellio KR, Welling AL, Clymer JW, Amaral JF. Sealing vessels up to 7 mm in diameter solely with ultrasonic technology. Med Devices (Auckl) 2014;7: 263–271. 10. Reyes DA, Brown SI, Cochrane L, Motta LS, Cuschieri A. Thermal fusion: Effects and interactions of temperature, compression, and duration variables. Surg Endosc 2012;26: 3626–3633. 11. Phillips CK, Hruby GW, Mirabile G, Motamedine P, Durak E, Lehman DS, Hong PW, Landman J. The effect of in- traluminal content on the bursting strength of vessels li- gated with the harmonic ACE and LigaSure V. J Endourol 2008;22:1383–1387. 12. Sindram D, Martin K, Meadows JP, Prabhu AS, Heath JJ, McKillop IH, Iannitti DA. Collagen-elastin ratio predicts burst pressure of arterial seals created using a bipolar vessel sealing device in a porcine model. Surg Endosc 2011;25: 2604–2612. 13. Sigel B, Dunn MR. The mechanism of blood vessel closure by high frequency electrocoagulation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1965;121:823–831. 14. Eick S, Loudermilk B, Walberg E, Wente MN. Rationale, bench testing and in vivo evaluation of a novel 5 mm lap- aroscopic vessel sealing device with homogeneous pressure distribution in long instrument jaws. Ann Surg Innov Res 2013;7:15. 15. Kim FJ, Chammas MF, Jr.,GewehrE, et al. Temperature safety profile of laparoscopic devices: Harmonic ACE (ACE), Liga- Sure V (LV), and plasma trisector (PT). Surg Endosc 2008;22: 1464–1469. 16. Milsom J, Trencheva K, Monette S, Pavoor R, Shukla P, Ma J, Sonoda T. Evaluation of the safety, efficacy, and versatility of a new surgical energy device (THUNDER- BEAT) in comparison with Harmonic ACE, LigaSure V, and EnSeal devices in a porcine model. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2012;22:378–386. 17. Campbell PA, Cresswell AB, Frank TG, Cuschieri A. Real- time thermography during energized vessel sealing and dissection. Surg Endosc 2003;17:1640–1645. Address correspondence to: Jaime Landman, MD Department of Urology University of California, Irvine 333 City Boulevard West, Suite 2100 Orange, CA 92868 E-mail: landmanj@uci.edu Abbreviations Used C5¼Caiman 5 ES¼EnSeal G2 HA¼Harmonic Ace Plus HA7¼Harmonic Ace +7 LS¼LigaSure (5mm to 37cm, blunt tip laparoscopic sealer) VSDs¼vessel sealing devicesCOMPARISON OF VESSEL SEALING DEVICES 337" 51 W4220877882.pdf 1 "Agronomy 2022 ,12, 826 2 of 19 specific studies aimed at preserving the biodiversity of these sensitive agroecosystems, rich in exclusive weed plants [ 12], including many crop wild relatives (CWRs) which are useful for maintaining the high quality of forage due to the possible crossing between cultivated and wild species [13]. According to the literature, biostimulants can play an important role in this process [14–20] . Du Jardin [ 21] defined a plant biostimulant as any substance or microorganism applied to plants, seeds, or in the rhizosphere with the aim to stimulate natural processes in plants, enhance nutrition efficiency and/or abiotic stress tolerance, regardless of its nutrient con- tent, or a mixture of such substances and/or microorganisms. Agricultural biostimulants are a group of compounds, substances (trace elements, enzymes, plant growth regulators, macroalgal extracts), and microorganisms applied to plants or soil in order to regulate and enhance physiological processes in crops, thus making them more efficient [ 20,22]. By affecting biochemical, morphological, and physiological processes, biostimulants improve nutrient use efficiency in plants [ 23]. A beneficial influence of biostimulants on root system development, water retention capacity, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate, con- tributing to increased nutrient uptake by crops, has been reported by Murawska et al. [ 18], Sharma et al. [ 20], Kleiber and Markiewicz [ 24], and Matysiak et al. [ 25]. The application of products that promote plant growth and development makes it possible to minimize the use of mineral fertilizers, in particular N rates [ 18]. Godlewska and Ciepiela [ 14–17] and Sosnowski et al. [ 19] observed a positive influence of biostimulants on the feed value of forage grasses. Similar results were reported by Murawska et al. [ 18], Kleiber and Markiewicz [ 24], Matysiak et al. [ 25], Sivasankari et al. [ 26], and Karr-Lilienthal et al. [ 27], who analyzed various crop species. The biostimulants used in the present experiment are biological, environmentally- friendly formulations that support plant growth and development [ 28–30]. Blatt Boden- Foliar is a microbial solution that consists mainly of lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus casei (5109cfu mL" 52 W3199507157.pdf 0 " مجلة كلية اآلداب جامعة بورسعيد العدد التاسع عشر / يناير 2222م 701 التعليل الصوتي لظاهرة اإلعالل بالنقل في ضوء علم اللغة الحديث نماذج تطبيقية من القرآن الكريم إعداد أميرة صالح حامد عطعوط باحثة ماجستير بقسم اللغة العربية وآدابها كلية اآلداب، جامعة بورسعيد DOI: 10.21608/jfpsu.2022.193842 " 53 W4376138256.pdf 6 "Fermentation 2023 ,9, 460 7 of 13 Table 3. Proteolytic systems genes in L. helveticus H9 and L. paracasei ABK genomes. Enzyme GeneL. helveticus H9 L. paracasei ABK Number of GenesLocus Number in the GenomeNumber of GenesLocus Number in the Genome CEP proteinasesprtB 1 MBU6033914 1 MBU6046327 prtP 1 MBU6034695 1 MBU6048028 EndopeptidasepepO 2MBU6033720 MBU60346942MBU6046960 MBU6047360 pepF 1 MBU6034722 3MBU6046494 MBU6047890 MBU6047627 pepE 1 MBU6034026 1 MBU6047326 AminopeptidasespepC 3MBU6034983 MBU6034023 MBU60346591 MBU6047325 pepN 1 MBU6034546 1 MBU6048029 prolinase, pepP 1 MBU6035018 1 MBU6046149 glutaminopeptidase, pepA 1 MBU6034400 0 no * proline iminopeptidase, pepI 1 MBU6034385 1 MBU6046842 prolidase, pepQ 1 MBU6034747 1 MBU6046550 pepS 0 no 1 MBU6047768 Oligo-/Tri-/Di- peptidasesprolinase, pepR 1 MBU6034760 1 MBU6047007 tripeptidase, pepT 2MBU6034325 MBU60344290 no X-prolil dipeptidyl aminopeptidase, pepX1 MBU6034686 1 MBU6046155 dipepidase, pepV 1 MBU6034208 1 MBU6047856 dipepidase, pepD 4MBU6034175 MBU6033703 MBU6034538 MBU60344703MBU6046618 MBU6047722 MBU6047002 Total: 23 20 no *—not found. For the postbiotic substances obtained after MRS fermentation, the concentration of all amino acids decreased in both MRS_Lh or MRS_Lp compared to the unfermented medium (Table 3 and Figure 1). The exceptions were phenylalanine and tyrosine, which were absent in MRS, MRS_Lh or MRS_Lp, and methionine, for which the concentration in MRS_Lh was the same as in MRS and increased two-fold in MRS_Lp. Among the amino acids, for which the concentration decreased after fermentation, four amino acids (histidine, cysteine, valine and threonine) totally disappeared both in MRS_Lh and MRS_Lp; nine amino acids (glutamate, glutamine, arginine, proline, aspartate, asparagine, glycine and serine) were present with the same concentration both in MRS_Lh and MRS_Lp; three amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and tryptophan) were present in MRS_Lp at twice the concentration compared to MRS_Lh; and for lysine, its concentration was slightly higher (by 44%) in MRS_Lh compared to MRS_Lp. Hence, during the RSM fermentation by both strains of probiotic cultures, free amino acids were enriched, and the content of free amino acids in the RSM_Lh postbiotic were somewhat higher than in RSM_Lp. Since amino acids with common biosynthetic precursors did not change their concentration in a similar way during fermentation, it can be assumed" 54 W2606029971.pdf 9 "following manufacturer's protocol, and resuspended in50µlofElution Buffer (10mM Tris, pH8.3) (Qiagen). Tofacilitate library construction, weadapted theIllumina 16Smetabarcoding protocol, adding tails to12S-V5 primers [29] described above. Primers were obtained from Integrated DNA Technologies with thefollowing sequences (Illumina tails initalics): Forward: 5’-TCGTCGGCAGCGTCAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGACTGGGATTAGA TACCCC-3’. Reverse: 5’-GTCTCGTGGGCTCGGAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGTAGAA CAGGCTCCTCTAG-3’. The amplified target notincluding primers isapproximately 110 bp;theentire amplicon including tailed primers isapproximately 200bp. Amplifications were done with Illustra puReTaq Ready-To-Go PCR beads (GE Healthcare), 5μlDNA (representing eDNA from 100mLofwater from estuary orcontrol samples) or5μl H2O fornegative PCR control, 200nMeach primer, infinal volume 25μl.Parameters were 95ÊC x7m,then 40cycles of(95ÊC x30s,52ÊC x30s,72ÊC x30s),followed by72ÊC for10 m,and hold at4ÊC. 5μlofeach reaction were runona2%agarose gelwith SYBR Safe dye (Thermo Fisher Scientific) tovisualize amplifications and confirm negative control. PCR prod- ucts were treated with AMPure XPtoremove unincorporated primers and nucleotides and resuspended in40μlElution Buffer. Toenable pooling oflibraries, Nextera index primers (Illumina) were added following manufacturer's protocol, using 10μlof12SPCR product, 2.5μleach primer, GEIllustra beads with final volume of25μl,and amplification parameters 95ÊC x3m,then 8cycles of(95ÊC x 30s,55ÊC x30s,72ÊC x30s),extension at72ÊC x5m,hold at4ÊC. 5μlofeach reaction were runona2%agarose gelwith SYBR Safe dyetoconfirm amplification. Indexed PCR products were treated with AMPure XP,resuspended in40μlElution Buffer, and DNA concentration wasdetermined with Qubit. Apooled sample containing 27ngof each library at15nMwassequenced atGENEWIZ onanIllumina MiSeq (2x150bp). Nega- tivelibrary controls asdescribed above were included ineach pool. The 76experimental and 11control libraries, plus samples from other studies notreported here, were analyzed infour MiSeq runs with 35±60 libraries perrun. Toassess reproducibility, 42DNA samples were re-amplified, indexed, and submitted for MiSeq sequencing, and atwo-way comparison ofeach pair ofamplifications wasperformed. Each taxon detection wasclassified bynumber ofreads and detection ofthat taxon inthe paired sample (S5Table). Bioinformatics The paired FASTQ files generated bytheMiSeq instrument were analyzed using DADA2 [50]. DADA2 waschosen because ituses anerror model toinfer exact sample sequences that can vary byaslittle asasingle nucleotide. This isanalternative tocluster-based methods that tradi- tionally lump sequences at3%identity. This technical detail isimportant because the12S amplicon isshort (~100bp notincluding primers) and some fishspecies differ atonly oneora fewnucleotide positions; clustering would potentially lump such taxa together. DADA2 was used tomerge paired FASTQ files and infer sequence variants using thedefault error model parameters, with onemodification. Wechanged thesentence description ofDADA2's error model. The default behavior forDADA2 istobuild anerror model foreach basepair forevery fastq filethat isprovided. Alternatively, youcanbuild anerror model using asubset ofthe total reads from asequencing runand provide thismodel toDADA2. Weused thedefault value and have modified thedescription ofthischoice inthemethods toread asfollows: ªDADA2 wasruninªself-consistº mode sothat theerror-model wasindependently built foreach sample. This error model uses FASTQ quality scores toassess thelikelihood ateach Fish eDNA inanurban estuary PLOS ONE |https://doi.or g/10.137 1/journal.po ne.01751 86 April 12,2017 10/15" 55 W4220874897.pdf 3 "TABLE 1 | Evidence, best practices, and future direction to improve the care of Young Adults with diabetes in adult care setting. The process of transfer from pediatric to adult healthcare systems Evidence Best Practices Future Directions Communication between pediatric and adult care is fragmented “Warm hand-off ”communicated between pediatric and adult care Improve communication between pediatric and adult care –i.e. online registry covering all US states  Current RCT on transfer process have not been effective in improving A1c and number of follow- ups Use of YA coordinator to facilitate transfer and improve clinical attendance Develop tools to assess diabetes knowledge, engagement and progress over time to improve and engage YA in diabetes self-care and clinical attendance  YA have unique psychosocial needs related to their stage of life with several changes in relationship, housing, financial status etc. Assessment of diabetes education and developmental stage to create a diabetes management plan tailored to the YA  Referral to BH when available Develop tools to assess:  Maturation and readiness for transition and engagement in diabetes self-care  Psychosocial needs  Collaborate with behavioral health to support YA during transfer  Create age-speci fic provider competency curriculum to establish trusty relationship and promote engagement Physical Health in in YA with Type 1 diabetesEvidence Best Practices Future DirectionsSuboptimal Glycemic Control  A1c worsens during YA period  A1c before transition predicts A1c after  High A1c associates with low Health-Related QoL  Socioeconomic disparities impact physical health  Use of diabetes technology may improve glycemic control  Risk of DKA and SH is higher in YA with poor glycemic control Maintenance of clinical attendance with use of program coordinator  Assessment of barriers to engage in diabetes self-care  Assessment of use of diabetes technologies  Assessment of social determinants of health  Use of support to establish relationships with speci fic, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-sensitive goals ( SMART )  Discussion of mental health, sex life and alcohol/illicit drug use up front Develop strategies to prevent deterioration of glycemic control and/or prevention of acute complication as severe hypoglycemia and DKA  Validate tools to assess knowledge, readiness and barrier to diabetes management  Increase use, access and engagement with diabetes technology to improve glycemic control  Facilitate and increase access to telehealth/text-messaging  Create peer-to-peer support systems  Develop new learning and engagement software  Reduce racial and socioeconomic gaps in delivery of care among YA Comorbidities/Complications  High risk for CVD in T1D  Early onset of T1D is associated with higher CVD risk Screenings for complications and comorbidities  Annual eye exams  Assessment of whether use of ACE-I/ARB and statins is appropriate, primarily based onadult data Develop studies to help stratify YA patients for micro and macro-vascular complications  Assess CVD risk in context of age: impact of age of onset, age-speci fic goal for blood pressure and lipid profile Evidence Best Practices Future Directions  High incidence of obesity  High risk for rapid progression and poor outcomes  Intensive lifestyle and medical intervention have not been ef ficacious  Bariatric surgery is effective for weight and glycemic outcomes  High socioeconomic disparities Use of metformin + GLP-1 RA  Use of intensive lifestyle management  Screening for depression, social determinants of health, eating disorders  Screening for complications and comorbidities Develop ef ficacious lifestyle and medical/surgical interventions  Use SGLT2 inhibitors*  Identify optimal medical treatment vs surgical interventions  Identify factors to predict /stratify patients at higher risk of rapid progression Physical health in YA with Type 2 diabetes Evidence Best Practices Future Directions High incidence of obesity  High risk for rapid progression and poor outcomes  Intensive lifestyle and medical intervention have not been ef ficacious  Bariatric surgery is effective for weight and glycemic outcomes  High socioeconomic disparities Use of metformin + GLP-1 RA  Use of intensive lifestyle management  Screening for depression, social determinants of health, eating disorders  Screening for complications and comorbidities Develop ef ficacious lifestyle and medical/surgical interventions  Use SGLT2 inhibitors *  Identify optimal medical treatment vs surgical interventions  Identify factors to predict /stratify patients at higher risk of rapid progression (Continued)Toschi et al. Young Adults With Diabetes in Adult Care Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare | www.frontiersin.org March 2022 | Volume 3 | Article 830183 4" 56 W2286472308.pdf 2 "Motriz, Rio Claro, v.21 n.3, p.237-243, July/Sept. 2015 239 Nintendo Wii as an adjunct to conventional therapy 360 degrees, 12.Placing alternate foot on step, 13.Standing with one foot in front, 14.Standing on one leg. Each item is scored from 0 to 4, based on the subject’s independence. The total score can range from 0 to 56, with lower scores indicating poorer functioning. Procedures Participants agreed to attend eleven appointments includ - ing: the experimental rehabilitation program (8), pre-and- post-program assessments (2) and introductory practice (1). The first meeting was set for the pre-program assessment and included data collection with application of clinical in - struments. At the second meeting, subjects were introduced to the clinical setting by creating their personalized avatar and briefly practicing virtual exercises using a Wii Balance Board (WBB). Through appointments three to ten, here called therapy sessions, subjects were submitted to eight 60-minute sessions of an experimental VR-based rehabilita - tion program, held twice a week, for 4 weeks. Each therapy session comprised three phases (therapeutic approaches): kinesiotherapy, virtual reality and learning transfer exercis - es. At the eleventh appointment, clinical instruments were reapplied for post-program assessment. A single investigator performed all assessments. Therapy sessions The first phase of a therapy session involved classic kine - siotherapy for the upper limb during 15 minutes. It included stretching, free exercises, light resistance exercises and postural adjustments followed by joint mobility. The second phase comprised virtual reality exercises for 30 minutes. The setting enclosed a Nintendo Wii console connected to a 29” television and a Wii Balance Board®(WBB), located directly on the floor at a distance of 240 centimeters from the television screen. For safety reasons, a chair and a walker were positioned behind and in front of the WBB, respectively. The WBB has been validated as a strength platform to assess balance in human research (Brault, Craig, Ferguson, & Young, 2011). It works with the Wii Fit Plus® software, which holds five categories of exercises: strength, yoga, aerobics, balance and advanced training. Seven games (exercises) from the balance category were used in this study. All participants performed the same sequence of games: balance bubble ; penguin slide; soccer heading; tightrope and table tilt , with six minutes of practice for each game. The third phase comprised learning transfer activities (Benda, 2006; Kaefer, Chiviacowsky, Meira, & Go Tani, 2014) for 15 minutes. At this point, participants were asked to per - form real-world exercises that included movements based on those practiced while engaging in virtual reality tasks, such as: straight line walking (resembling Tightrope ) and heading a ball thrown at them by the therapist in various directions (resembling Soccer heading ).Adaptation of therapy sessions Beginning at the fifth therapy session, one out of two extra games ( ski jump and ski slalom) were added to the sequence of virtual games. Simulators of snow sports, these exercises are more challenging and worked as a progression within the treat - ment. They were added alternatively so as to avoid consecutive inclusion in the remaining four sessions. With the addition of a sixth game, the time for each virtual exercise was reduced from six to five minutes, keeping total virtual exposure time in 30 minutes. All exercises were accomplished without therapeutic or assistive devices. Safety resources were used during the entire intervention, conducted in a laboratory adapted for the study. During therapy sessions, heart rate variability was tracked using a Polar® chest belt HR monitor. Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 program, at a 5% significance level. The quantitative variables were described by means and standard deviations. Inferential statistics using Spearman’s correlation determined the association between data measured by both the Berg and FIM scales. Finally, Wilcoxon test verified differences between dependent samples before and after the intervention in order to assess possible effects of motor training with VR and conventional therapy on balance and functionality in the group under study. Results Ten individuals, six men, mean age of 51.4 (± 6.7 years), participated in this study with eight virtual reality-based therapy sessions over the course of four weeks. Before the intervention, the main complaints were insecurity/difficulty in walking or remaining standing independently, reported by all patients. In addition, other problems reported at the initial assessment were hemiparesis (80%), postural patterns (40%) and aphasia (10%). Only 20% had previous experience with video games, either as entertainment or therapy. Statistical analysis revealed a positive effect of the exercise program based on the final total scores obtained on both scales: FIM ( p = .01) and BERG ( p < .01). FIM outcomes, expressed in Table 1, show an increase in all the items. However, in addition to “total score,” improvements were only significant in three specific tasks: “dressing lower body” ( p = .01), “transfers: bathtub and shower” ( p = .02) and “locomotion: stairs” ( p = .03). With respect to balance, Table 2 shows a significant rise in “total score” as well as in six other items: “standing forward with outstretched arm” ( p = .01), “retrieving object from the floor” (p = .04), “turning 360 degrees” ( p = .01), “placing alternate foot on step” ( p = .01), “standing with one foot in front” (p = .01) and “one leg stand” ( p = .03)." 57 W4281709110.pdf 4 "Jurnal Ius Civile | 5 Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2022 salah satunya me ngenai kepentingan umum. Dampak dari hukuman tersebut dapat berupa siksaan atau penderitaan bagi yang melanggar nya.9 Dalam kasus ini prositusi online dapat dikatagori kan dalam bagian tindak pidana karena secara tidak langsung memperdagangkan manusia untuk me menuhi kebutuhannya ekonomi dengan cara mel anggar hukum yang telah diterapkan atau bisa dikatakan dengan cara yang tidak benar.10 Dapat diketahui bahwasaannya kejahatan seksual tidak hanya menimpa pada wanita dewasa, bahkan anak-anak di bawah umur juga ikut serta me njadi korbannya. Wa nita kususnya yang masih dibawah umur juga dilibatkan sebagai objek perdaga ngan atau pemuas nafsu bejat dari sese orang atau sekelompok orang tertentu yang menjala nkan bisnis se ksual guna agar m endapat keuntungan ekonomi yang hasilnya bisa berlipat ga nda.11 Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan Kapolsek Nagan Raya bapak AK BP Risno mengatakan ada kasus yang meliba tkan anak di bawah umur yang terjadi pada tahun 2021 dan dimuat di media tempat terjadinya kasus tersebut wanita berinisial ZI, 24 tahun. Dia diduga sebagai germo yang menjual seorang wanita berusia 17 tahun seharga Rp 900.000 di sekitarnya. ZI telah menjadi mucikari atau perantara layanan seksual sejak tahun 2020 melalui jejaring sosial WhatsApp, Instagram dan Face book. Aksi ilegal ZI diketahui polisi sehari sebelum ditangkap. Saat itu, tersangka sedang melakukan aksi rayuan dengan memberikan seorang wanita berusia 17 tahun berinisial MS kepada seorang pria. Setelah nego harga dengan MS melalui aplikasi perantara WhatsApp, ZI mengajak wanita tersebut untuk menemui pria tersebut. Saat itu, nasabah memberikan Rp 900.000 atau Rp 500.000 kepada MS, dan Rp 5 00.000 diambil oleh penulis ZI. Sekitar pukul 22.00 WIB pada 7 Novem ber, polisi kemudian menangkap ZI. Saat ini, ZI mendekam di Mapolres Nagan Raya untu k mengusut tuntas prostitusi online milik nya. 12 Berdasarkan wawancara dengan bapak Un it Pelayanan Anak dan Perempuan (PPA) Nagan Ra ya, Bapak AKP. Machfud, S.H.,M.M. selaku penyidik perempuan dan a nak yang terlibat dalam isu prostitusi online yang ada dan berbagai tindakan penegakan hukum yang dilakukan, mulai dari penyidikan hingga pemeriksaan penyidikan. Berdasarkan hasil penyidikan Polsek Nagan Raya, pelaku tindak pidana prostitusi online diketahui menggunakan WhatsApp. Klien dapat secara anonim berdagang atau mempekerjakan wanita yang dirujuk di situs jejaring sosial. Dalam kasus prostitusi online di wilayah hukum Polres Nagan Raya, penyidik hampir seca ra e ksklusif mendapat informasi dari masyara kat. Karena keterbatasan penyidik terha dap teknolog i, dalam hal ini penyidik melakukan tindakannya dengan melakukan pengintaian dan kamuflase. Penyidik akan tiba di lokasi yang ditentukan dan menangkap tersangka. 13 9 J.B. Daliyo,2002, Pengantar Hukum Indonesia, PT Prenhalindo, Jakarta,hlm.88 10 Soerjono Sokanto, Op.Cit, hlm.25 11 Zainuddin Ali,2010 Filsafat Hukum, Sinar Grafika:Jakarta.hlm.34 12 Hasil Wawancara dengan Kapolres AKBP Risno Nagan Raya 24 November 2021, Pukul 10.21 WIB 13 Hasil Wawancara dengan Unit Pelayanan Perempuan dan Anak (PPA) Nagan Raya yaitu bapak AKP. Machfud,S.H.,M.M 24 November 2021, Pukul 11.00 WIB." 58 W2907001643.pdf 7 "RJOAS, 1(85), January 2019 160 Based on the table above shows that the ability to grow crops with polybag media has the highest percentage score of 95.06 with the understanding category. While the ability to grow crops hydroponically has the lowest percentage score of 38.80 in the category less understood. Food independence is the ability of a person or family to produce a variety of food from the home yard. Food independence can guarantee the fulfillment of family food needs to the level of individuals by utilizing the potential of natural, human, social, economic and local spiritual resources in a dignified manner. Table 12 – Distribution of Respondent Based on Family Food Independence No Classification Percentage of Score % Category 1 Availability of vegetables 49,32 Less 2 Availability of fruits 42,59 Less 3 Availability of cooking ingredients 45,06 Less 4 Availability of medicinal plants 34,56 Less The Average % of Score Achieved 42,88 Less Source: Processed Data . Based on the distribution table of respondents according to family food independence, the percentage of the score of availability of vegetables is 49.32% which is categorized as less, the percentage score in the availability of cooking ingredients is 45.06%, the percentage score for fruit availability is 42.06% and the percentage score in the availability of medicinal plants there is still a lack of independence, which is 34.56%. It could be stated that the variable level of family food independence was categorized as less independent with an average score of 42.88%. Realizing family food independence is not easy, because the people of Banda Aceh City accustomed to getting food from mobile vegetable vendors, nearby kiosks and traditional / supermarket markets to meet their family's daily food needs. According to them, growing vegetables in the yard is an activity that can add to their daily activities. Because taking care of the household and other work is time consuming as their routine. Even if they want to use the yard, they prefer to plant ornamental plants because they were more easier to maintain without having to do special maintenance every day as well as growing vegetables. Table 13 – Value of Fit of Models from Factors Affecting KRPL Program Effectiveness in Banda Aceh, 2018 Model R R square Adjusted R Square Std. Error Of the Estimate 1 ,805a ,648 ,576 1,26864 Source: Processed Data . Information. Predictors: (Constant), Fund Assistance (X9), Motivation (X1), Extension Intensity (X7), Land Area (X3), Education (X5), Employment (X6), Partipasi (X2), Applied Innovation (X8), Age (X4). Based on Table 17 it could be seen that the fit of model value is 0.805, this means that 80.5% of this model is relatively appropriate . The remaining 19.5 percent was influenced by other factors. Because this will show an ANOVA table which will assess the value of F table and F count. Table 14 – Value of Calculations from the KRPL Program Effectiveness Model Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Regression 130,443 9 14,494 9,005 ,000b Residual 70,816 44 1,609 Total 201,259 53 Source: Processed Data . Information. Predictors: (Constant), Fund Assistance (X9), Motivation (X1), Extension Intensity (X7), Land Area (X3), Education (X5), Employment (X6), Partipasi (X2), Applied Innovation (X8), Age (X4). " 59 W2166725343.pdf 4 "This journal is ©the Owner Societies 2015 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 29747--29752 | 29751ligand plane separation between layers matched that of single crystalline FePc (3.3 Å, CCDC no. 996880), the total distancebetween metal centres would be approximately 3.8 Å, far toolarge for any significant bonding interaction. The ability to position the metal atoms of metal phthalocyanine multilayers directly above each other may have significantimplications for control of their properties. One prominent example of this is the predicted enhancement of magnetic exchange interactions in metal phthalocyanine thin films 36if the distances between their metal centres can be reduced andangles between them controlled. Although our data onlyaddresses growth in the monolayer regime, this methodologycould have significant implications for final property control. Conclusions In conclusion, a combination of STM imaging and LEED hasbeen applied to the growth of a non-planar/planar phthalo-cyanine bilayer system on Au(111). The combination of thesetwo methods has allowed us to establish the true orientation and size of the surface mesh of the initial monolayer of FePc on Au(111), showing that the structure is incommensurate, andnot commensurate as previously proposed. Both methods alsoshow that sub-monolayer islands of VOPc grow on this FePcmonolayer with exact (1 /C21) periodicity, but STM also shows that the individual VOPc molecules sit directly atop FePcmolecules, a behaviour quite unlike that seen in the growthof single metal phthalocyanine films. The appearance of the STM images of the VOPc molecules is consistent with those recorded in pure VOPc growth that have been attributed tomolecules in which the V QO species points down into the surface. Of course, this kind of STM ‘image fingerprinting’ fallswell short of a true quantitative structural conclusion. However,the on-top configuration, together with the lack of mobilityeven at room temperature, strongly implies that there is a significant direct bonding interaction between the two moleculesthat can only be reasonably understood in this V QO-down orientation such that Fe–O bond can be formed. Acknowledgements AJR and SH acknowledge support from the Engineering andPhysical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), UK (Grant no. EP/G037515/1). LAR and TSJ acknowledge support from theEPSRC, UK (Grant no. EP/H021388/1). The underlying datafor this manuscript are freely available from the followingDOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1574110. References 1 S. R. Forrest, Nature , 2004, 428, 911. 2 H. Spanggaard and F. C. Krebs, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells , 2004, 83, 125. 3 K. Leo, Nat. Photonics , 2011, 5, 716. 4 Q. Tang, H. Li, Y. Liu and W. Hu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 2006, 128, 14634. 5 C. G. Claessens, U. Hahn and T. Torres, Chem. Rec. , 2008, 8,7 5 . 6 L. A. Rochford, A. J. Ramadan, S. Heutz and T. S. Jones, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , 2014, 16, 25404. 7 W. Wu, L. a. Rochford, S. Felton, Z. Wu, J. L. Yang, S. Heutz, G. Aeppli, T. S. Jones, N. M. Harrison and a. J. Fisher, J. Appl. Phys. , 2013, 113, 013914. 8 L. A. Rochford, D. S. Keeble, O. J. Holmes, G. J. Clarkson and T. S. Jones, J. Mater. Chem. C , 2014, 2, 6056. 9 M. Riede, C. Uhrich, J. Widmer, R. Timmreck, D. Wynands, G. Schwartz, W.-M. Gnehr, D. Hildebrandt, A. Weiss,J. Hwang, S. Sundarraj, P. Erk, M. Pfeiffer and K. Leo, Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2011, 21, 3019. Fig. 5 Schematic diagram showing the local registry of adjacent molecules in successive layers of bulk crystalline FePc (a) and VOPc (b), and the two alternative atop geometries of VOPc on FePc (c and d). In the lower panels the VOPc conformation is assumed to be the same as in the bulk crystalline material. In the case of the VOPc ‘down’ geometry, there may well be changes in the buckling of the ligand plane and the separation of the V and O atoms out of the ligand plane.PCCP Paper Open Access Article. Published on 12 October 2015. Downloaded on 5/18/2024 3:36:29 AM. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. View Article Online" 60 W4361858007.pdf 5 "Revista de Letras Norte@mentos Estudos Linguísticos, Sinop, v. 15, n. 39 , p.105-125, jul./dez. 2022 . 110 reconfigurado por Barros (2012b), que distingue, nele, uma fase preliminar : a construção de um modelo teóric o, que compreende o estabelecimento de características do gênero estudado enquanto objeto social de referência . É nesse sentido que Barros (2012b, p. 15) acredita que “o modelo do gênero pode ser visto, a priori , apenas teoricamente, isto é, sua construção não necessitaria levar em conta as capacidades dos alunos nem as parti cularidades do contexto de ensino” . Ou seja, o modelo teórico seria o primeiro movimento no processo de transposição didática (CHEVALLARD , 2013) do gênero, uma vez que torna explícito o seu funcionamento (contextual, discursivo, linguístico) dentro da sua esfera social de base. Segundo Barros (2012b, p. 15), [...] ele [o modelo teórico] vem sendo elaborado por vários pesquisadores que, ao descrever os conhecimentos subjacentes aos mais variados gêneros, elaboram uma ferramenta fundamentalmente teórica, cujo objetivo é servir de base para ações didáticas posteriores em um eventual processo de transposição didática. Compreendemos, assim, o modelo teórico como uma ferramenta que auxilia o professor a compreender o gênero, antes d e se pensar propriamente em um contexto de ensino específico . É uma forma de conhecê -lo enquanto objeto social /teórico, explicitar as suas especificidades, antes d a modeliza ção didática de suas dimensões ensináveis , as quais estão condicionadas, como expli ca Machado e Cristovão (2006), à observação do contexto e das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos onde se pretende realizar um determinado projeto de ensino. O cotejamento de diferentes modelos de gêneros pode , segundo Machado e Cristovão (2006, p. 552 – grifos das autoras ), “nos fornecer pistas para encontrarmos semelhanças e/ou diferenças que podemos não perceber de início, o que levaria a reformular os ‘modelos de gêneros’ ou os ‘gêneros teóricos’ inicialmente construídos”. Isso porque um modelo teórico, assim como seu gênero de referência, sofre influências do contexto sócio -histórico, o que nos leva a compreendê -lo como um instrumento maleável e mutável . Ou seja, um modelo do gênero deve ser visto, sempre, como representant e de uma prática social de linguagem que, como já ressaltamos, está condicionada a variações e mudanças. Na nossa pesquisa, a modelização teórica da carta de reclamação é direcionada para a análise da funcionalidade do gênero, sob a ótica das capacidade s de linguagem" 61 W3170318892.pdf 4 "UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH IN NATURAL AND CLINICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (URNCST) JOURNAL Read more URNCST Journal articles and submit your own today at: https://www.urncst.com Dhall et al. | URNCST Journal (2021): Volume 5, Issue 6 Page 5 of 9 DOI Link : https://doi.org/10.26685/urncst.261 but the former does not give the same effectivity rate as platinum [44] and ferricyanide despite generating 1.5 -1.8 times more power than platinum, needs to be generated chemically [29]. Other cathodes using iron and cobalt as organic mixtures may replace platinum, but their durability is not well studied [45]. The hypothetical device should use graphite rods [34] making the device more c ost-effective as graphite is cheaper and generates a high amount of electricity [37]. Normal batteries in remotes for example, could also be used as they are simple to put in the device. However, once these batteries run out, they need to be charged. If the diagnostic device is being used in third world countries, then having access to electricity is not very common. MFC's, unlike batteries, do not need to store electrical energy as they can directly create it [46] by using saliva, for example. This process has a higher efficiency rate of 40% to 60% whereas batteries have an efficiency rate of less than 40% [46]. Like normal batteries, saliva can also be stored for longer periods of time. If optimal levels of humidity and temperature are maintained, a bio -battery can elicit a constant power density output of 0.396 μW/cm^2 [20] whereas, MFCs generate 1540 mW/m^2 [29] power density, ther eby releasing more power for the device. As in Figure 1 , the MFC will have PEDOT:PSS as the semiconductor surrounding it which will increase the power output of the device by doping. The level of doping increases with the progression of miniaturization [4]. It can be noted that an MFC is a small cell; it would require a significantly increased level of PEDOT:PSS doping. As doping levels of PEDOT:PSS increase, it is anticipated that the overall conductivity of the MFC should increase as well. MFC’s use bacteria that break down organic matter like saliva to create ele ctricity [29]. Protons flow from the anode to the cathode once the bacteria produces protons by breaking down the organic matter [29]. The hypothetical device created in Figure 1 uses a similar method where an anode and cathode will be divided by a Nafion membrane [34] and the device will use bacteria to break down saliva and produce protons to create a current. The flow of protons will be connected to the diagnostic device attached which will be diagnosing the saliva from the peristaltic pump. Simultaneously, the flow of protons will also power the monitor displaying the results. The hypothetical device will be able to use saliva’s chemical ability to fuel the MFC powering the diagnostic device. The hypothetical device would be an improved version of the MFC by Logan et al.’s [29] and Mansoorian et al.’s [34] as it will be able to diagnose the person while using their saliva to generate the power to do so. Although the electrical component of the hypothetical device is c heaper, adding the diagnostic device raises the cost of the whole device. A monitor to display the results of the diagnoses will also increase the overall cost of the device. The diagnostic device will only be able to give baseline values which have to be analysed by the medical professional and to actually give medication and treatment to the patient, further tests and treatments need to be carried out to improve the patient’s well -being. Using saliva as a fuel source can be expanded to larger scale devic es theoretically, where under optimal conditions singular MFCs can be combined into a circuit to generate power for outdoor lighting. This supposed MFC could also contain 2 electrodes: an anode, as well as an air -cathode [31]. The carbon anodes could be connected to sewage systems providing a natural flow of bacteria to treat the MFC before the saliva is introduced [31]. A creative use for such a system is by utilizing spit, and dog saliva to produce electricity in third world countries such as India. In stray dogs’ salivation can be caused by many factors like the scent of food, or other biological problems [47]. Although canine saliva may have different components, the MFC can be tested to see if dog saliva is as effective as humans. As WHO stated that 50% of the world doesn’t have access to basic healthcare necessities, using freeze -dried cells and MFC’s as in Figure 1 , in medical devices and using saliva to generate power will be cost efficient. For example, in a dentist’s office, a saliva ejector is used to suction out the saliva which can be collected and used to power the same device and other devices such as the cavitron (a device that cleans plaque from the teeth [48]). It has been shown that saliva can be used to power a LED for 20 minutes [49]. This is espe cially useful in low -income countries where cheaper sources of electricity are beneficial. Instead of the government or private institutions sending medical equipment yearly to treat lower -income households , the hypothetical device can be used for diagnosi s. Conclusions Healthcare worldwide can be made better by initiating adequate diagnosis procedures to prevent the spread of disease, providing small scale lighting and electricity to healthcare facilities and communities. In theory, since saliva is capab le of exoelectrogenic lyophilization for point of care diagnostics and is a non -invasive biofluid with efficiency to power a semiconductor for a MFC, a device can be designed for simultaneous functions of power generation using saliva as the fuel source, a nd diagnosis. The intent of the research protocol was to explore the use of saliva as a fuel source to power diagnostic POC devices. It is anticipated that this prototype can use saliva to generate power to assist developing countries with primary POC diag nosis. The hypothetical prototype uses the knowledge from previous devices and improves and combines the functions of semiconducting and diagnostic devices. The importance of the research protocol is to improve electricity and healthcare sustainability as well as reduce the problems faced by people in developing nations by creating a self -powered diagnostic device. The protocol also combines the scientific knowledge presented in other research, enhancing, and promoting questions that can be associated with semiconductors. 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When a virus is not a parasite: The beneficial effects of prophages on bacterial fitness. J. Microbiol. 2014 ,52, 235–242. [CrossRef]" 65 W3106676101.pdf 1 "Intrudction Recent COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) caused by a novel coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has been spread fastly all over the world. Higher lethality and powerful human-to-human transmission capacity has aroused widely concern. As a kind of enveloped virus with single- stranded positive-sensed RNA, new SARS2 CoV (Coronavirus) is a member of CoV family, which has closer relationship to previous SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) CoVs [1,2]. Coronaviruses are cataloged into the Nidovirales, Cornidovirineae, Orthocoronavirinae and divided into four Genuses. Until now, the Alpha-coronavirus and Beta-coronavirus response to known human-isolated CoVs (HCoVS), including the above three CoVs combined with HKU1, OC43, NL63 and 229E HCoVs. According to phylogenetic analysis, these HCoVs are considered to have originated from the bats and rodents [3-5]. The genomes of coronaviruses have been described meticulously in previous reports. As one of biggest viruses, the 5’-terminal of positive-sense and single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) genome in coronavirus encodes a polyprotein complexus, pp1ab, while the 3’-terminal encodes the structural proteins, such as the envelope glycoprotein spike protein (S-protein), envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N) and possible hemagglutinin-esterase (HE)[6-7]. The clove homotrimeric S-protein is a type Ⅰ glycoprotein which gives the crown-like appearance on CoVs. The S1 and S2 subunits in S-protein monomer, are responsible for cell binding and membrane fusion, respectively [8]. The S1 subunit forms the globular head and contains the N-terminal domain (NTD), receptor binding domain (RBD) and smaller subdomains (SD1 and SD2). The S2 subunit is conserved among all coronaviruses and forms the main rosette-like α-helix bundle and a β-sheets-riched subdomain. In the endosome, the S2 could be further cleaved by the host proteases and exposed its fusion peptide, which resulting in final membrane fusion [9-10]. The receptor of ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) for SARS CoV and DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) for MERS CoV have been reported [11-12]. However, the S-protein is highly glycosylated, as many as 22 potential N- glycosylation sites in the S-protein of SARS CoV could be detected, compared to 23 N-glycosylation sites in the S- protein of MERS CoV [13-14]. Therefore, it is worth to figure out the distribution of N-glycosylation sites and glycobiology functions in the S-protein of SARS2 CoV. In this article, we have compared the evolutionary relationship and distribution of N-glycosylation sites in different CoVs. For the distribution and possible functions in the N-glycosylation sites, a homologous modeling method had been adopted. Further docking analysis have provided a visual method for the possible glycan binding domains. These works should contribute to explan the highly contagious of new SARS2 CoV and provide new strategy on SARS2 CoV prevention. 1 Methods 1.1 Phylogenetic analysis for S protein and N-glycosylation sites For the purpose of the evolution of S-protiens and N-glycosylation sites in CoVs, a dataset of S-protein sequences from representative 1169 CoVs was retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) VIRUS database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/virus, accessed in April.15th 2020), containing approximately 438 human reports in 1023 sequences[15]. An alignment of whole sequences was performed by ClustalW 2.0 in MEGA 7.0 (File S1)[16]. A webtool named “NetNGlyc 1.0 Server” was used for the N-glycosylation sites predicting[17]. To investigate the evolutionary relationship of N-glycosylation sites in different subgenus, a smaller dataset was used for further analysis with 49 representative sequences, including the HKU1, OC43, NL63, 229E, SARS, MERS as well as SARS2 CoVs. Unrooted phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Neighbor- Joining method and the Poisson correction model. The internal branching probabilities were determined by bootstrap analysis with 1,000 replicates similar to previous description[18]." 66 W4379619123.pdf 4 Page 5/11Breast metastasis from FTC is extremely rare and imageological examination is always not su 67 W2791763633.pdf 2 "Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 2018;71(supl1):568-76. 570570 Epidemiological overview of HIV/AIDS in pregnant women from a state of northeastern Brazil Silva CM, Alves RS, Santos TS, Bragagnollo GR, Tavares CM, Santos AAP.Study protocol Data collection was carried out from May 2016 to April 2017 through the Epidemiological Surveillance database, available in the Secretariat of Health of São Paulo (SES), as well as the System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and Infor - mation System on live births (SINASC), provided by the De - partment of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System – DATASUS regarding the total number of cases of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS notified in Alagoas. The data collected were organized from epidemiological variables divided into three typologies: sociodemographic (age, race/color, and education), health (year of diagnosis and birth year) and access to health services (prenatal and sero - logical evidence period). Results analysis and statistics The numbers were exported to the software Tabwin 2.7, being tabulated and compiled into the software Microsoft Excel 2016 for Windows®. The incidence coefficients were obtained from the number of HIV cases detected in pregnant women living in Alagoas in the given period, divided by the total number of live births residing in the same place and year of notification, with demographic information available through demographic censuses. Subsequently, data were submitted to descriptive analysis, through the measures of dispersion parameter, using the arith - metic mean and standard deviation (X ± S), seeking to arrange the variability of the data. Following the measurement, the data were presented in graphs and table through absolute and relative frequency, as well as detection coefficient (or rate).RESULTS Considering the variables studied, in the period between 2007 and 2015, 773 cases of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS were identified in the state of Alagoas. Table 1 shows that 31.2% of the pregnant women declared from 5 to 8 years of schooling (X=30.5 and S=8.6), while 7.4% of them did not attend school (X=3.2 and S=7.7) and 1.9% presented 12 years or more of schooling. Concerning these women’s age group, the group from 20 to 34 years showed the highest percentage of cases, with 70.9% (X=71.8 and S=6.4), followed by the age group from 15 to 19 years, with percentage of 18.6% (X=18.3 and S=5.8). We also highlight the cases of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS in the age group below 15 years, which recorded 12 cases in the study period, totaling a percentage of 1.5% (X=1.4 and S=0.9). Regarding the variable race/color, we can infer that 72.1% of pregnant women have declared themselves as being mixed-race, which is the phenotype responsible for the highest number of cases during the period (X=72.1 and S=5.6), followed by the white color, with 11.8% (X=12.2 and S=3.5). On the oth - er hand, we observed an increase in cases of race/black color, which are reaching the second position in some of the years studied, showing percentage of 10.6% (X=10.1 and S=5.6). Regarding the progress of the cases, the detection rate of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS in the state of Alagoas has been showing a tendency of increase in recent years (X=1.7 S=0.5). Figure 1 shows a rate of 1.0 case/1,000 live births in 2007, which passed to 2.5 in 2015, being the year with the largest rate in the study period after increase of 150%. Table 1 – Distribution of HIV/AIDS cases in pregnant women according to sociodemographic data, Alagoas, Brazil, 2007 to 2015 Variables2007 n(%)2008 n(%)2009 n(%)2010 n(%)2011 n(%)2012 n(%)2013 n(%)2014 n(%)2015 n(%)X *± S** n Schooling Ign***/blank 8(16) 10(13.7) 8(11.4) 21(27.6) 22(26.5) 8(11) 20(19.2) 21(18.1) 27(21.1) 18.3 ± 6.0 None 5(10) 8(10.9) 9(12.9) 5(6.6) 6(7.2) 2(2.7) 9(8.6) 6(5.2) 7(5.5) 7.7 ± 3.2 From 1 to 4 13(26) 34(46.6) 18(23.7) 18(23.7) 21(25.3) 19(26) 20(19.2) 26(22.4) 22(17.2) 25.8 ± 8.4 From 5 to 8 14(28) 9(12.3) 21(30) 25(32.9) 22(26.5) 31(42.5) 34(32.7) 34(29.3) 51(39.8) 30.5 ± 8.6 From 9 to 11 9(18) 8(11) 10(14.3) 7(9.2) 10(12.1) 12(16.4) 19(18.3) 28(24.1) 21(16.4) 15.5 ± 4.5 From 12 and more 1(2) 4(5.5) 4(5.7) 0(0.0) 2(2.4) 1(1.4) 2(2) 1(0.9) 0(0.0) 2.2 ± 2.1 Age group >15 years 0(0) 1(1.4) 0(0) 1(1.3) 1(1.2) 1(1.4) 3(2.9) 2(1.7) 3(3.2) 1.4 ± 0.9 15 to 19 years 5(10) 12(16.4) 16(22.9) 16(21.1) 13(15.7) 18(24.6) 11(10.6) 20(17.2) 33(25.8) 18.3 ± 5.8 20 to 34 years 42(84) 55(75.3) 49(70) 50(65.8) 62(74.7) 50(68.5) 80(76.9) 78(67.3) 82(64.1) 71.8 ± 6.4 35 to 49 years 3(6) 5(6.9)) 5(7.1) 9(11.8) 7(8.4) 4(5.5) 10(9.6) 16(13.8) 10(7.8) 8.5 ± 2.7 Race/Color Ign***/blank 4(8) 3(4.1) 3(4.3) 4(5.3) 4(4.8) 3(4.1) 3(2.9) 6(5.2) 6(4.7) 4.8 ± 1.4 White 6(12) 7(9.6) 11(15.7) 9(11.8) 14(16.9) 11(15.1) 14(13.5) 7((6) 12(9.4) 12.2 ± 3.5 Black 5(10) 5(6.8) 2(2.9) 4(5.3) 7(8.4) 14(19.2) 8(7.7) 21(18.1) 16(12.5) 10.1 ±5.6 Yellow 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 1(1.3) 1(1.2) 0(0.0) 0(0) 2(1.7) 1(0.8) 0.6 ± 0.7 Mixed-race 35(70) 58(79.5) 54(77.1) 58(76.3) 57(68.7) 45(61.6) 78(75) 79(68.1) 93(72.6) 72.1 ± 5.6 Indigenous 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(0.9) 1(0.9) 0(0) 0.2 ± 0.4 Source: SINAN/SINASC/SES/AL, 2017. Notes: *Arithmetic mean; **Standard deviation; ***Ignored." 68 W3145355484.pdf 11 " Knowledge Management & E -Learning , 12(4), 405–418 415 the ones in Canada I have had to contact the hospital in New York (where I had received my surgery) on several occassions for information relevant to my Cana dian healt hcare providers . 2.5. Phase 5 - Long -term recovery In this final phase of my journey , the focus of my attention shifted from a curative focus to how to recover from the surgery, chemotherapy and radiation in order t o fully regain my ability to e at and spe ak (corresponding to the months April – June 2018 in Fig . 1). This involved help fr om a speech therapist and dietician at the Cancer Agency over a several month period from January until June 2018. I wanted to cont inue to be an empowered active p articipant in my own care by staying informed of the latest trends and research on my previou s condition and therefore I continued to research and read relevant articles online from PubMed and other reputable sources. I also explored blogs and postings on YouTube an d Pinterest, posted by patients who had undergone similar treatment and therapy. Th is aided in not only giving me realistic expectations regarding recovery , but also in sharing strategies and tips for the road to r ecovery. Once again, the Interne t became a big part of my patient journey and helped me to become increasingly confident abou t my future and long -term health outcome over the ensuing months . I am now three years cancer free, which according to the statisti cs indicates I should be cancer free for the long term , now officially having “beat cancer”. Furthermore, I have continued w ith all activities I undertook before becoming ill. Much of what happened and I how I was able to turn around what appeared to be a bleak situation I can attribute to my frie nds and colleagues, a range of health professionals, and the information we gleane d fro m the Internet that was critical to my health and well -being . 2.5.1. Personal use of the WWW As a result of my experience, I continue to use the WWW extensive ly to keep with advances in treatment of the cancer I had, to read about others’ experiences and to l earn more about how to identify any future symptoms that might indicate a recurrence. I also encour age others (through my t eaching , patient journey researc h and work ) who may be facing some of the same difficult health scenarios to become familiar with the array of information resources available to all of us. The information I continue to search for from the WWW is an invalu able aid in understanding and dis cussing lo ng-term monitoring decisions with my health professionals and I continue to personally sea rch for information relevant to cancer care in general and for new advances. In addition, as a health information science r esearcher I have started several new paths of research to help patients understand the full range of treatment options and present th em with effective information visualizations that can be shared between them and their health providers . 2.5.2. Institutio nal information systems My health informati on related to this case is now distributed across numerous health information systems (e.g. EMRs i n Canada and the US) and organization s (e.g. my local GP, operating surgeon, local cancer agency etc.). In addition , I have become “curator” of my o wn critica l health information, creating a personal database of all the reports, scans and relevant articles I have collected along my journey. I have compiled all this information personally as spreadsheets and files on my own personal computer, and conti nue to do so." 69 W2144363446.pdf 1 "WWW.PRO.RSU.RU 28террористической угрозы, в ситуации проявления экстремизма в молодежной среде. Стимулирующая ситуация теста рисуночной фрустрации заключается в схематическом контурном рисунке, который предполагают три совершенно конкретных ситуации. Вовлечение в группировку по средствам угрозы, шантажа, демонстрации 1. силы, ультимативных требований. На стимульных карточках изображены три ситуации: «Кто не с нами – тот против нас», «Если ты не с нами, то пострадают твои близкие», «Если ты не с нами – тебе несдобровать». Экстремистское проявление в молодежной среде. Предполагается, что для 2. каждого тестирующегося это будет своя наиболее значимая ситуация: прояв - ление экстремизма по отношению к представителю другой национальности, представителю другой социальной группы, представителям другого статуса, конфессиональной принадлежности. На стимульных карточках изображены три ситуации: «Футбол», «Сосед по парте», «Дедовщина». Ситуация угрозы террористического акта. Три стимульных карточки: 3. «Заложники», «Угроза взрыва», «Отношение к теракту». Всего представлено 9 стимульных ситуаций, на которых изображены лица, находящиеся во фрустрационной ситуации. Все ситуации, представленные в тесте, можно отнести к ситуации «препятствия», так как в них какой-нибудь персонаж или группа людей обескураживает, сбивает с толку угрозой или словом. Порядок обработки результатов тестирования аналогичен анализу ответов во фрустрационно-рисуночном тесте С. Розенцвейга [1]. Анализируются направле - ния реакций: экстрапунитивные – реакция направлена на живое или неживое окружение в форме подчеркивания степени фрустрирующей ситуации, в форме осуждения внешней причины фрустрации, или вменяется в обязанность друго - му лицу разрешить данную ситуацию, интрапунитивные – реакция направлена субъектом на самого себя; испытуемый принимает фрустрирующую ситуацию как благоприятную для себя, принимает вину на себя или берет на себя ответ - ственность за исправление данной ситуации, импунитивные – фрустрирующая ситуация рассматривается субъектом как малозначащая, как отсутствие чьей- либо вины, или нечто такое, что может быть исправлено само собой, стоит только подождать и подумать [1]. Первичные результаты по данной методике были получены в ходе моло - дежного антитеррористического фестиваля, прошедшего в г. Ростове-на-Дону в 2010 году. Типичной реакцией студентов на ситуацию вовлечения в экстремистскую группировку была защитная реакция, направленная на живое или неживое окружение в форме отстаивания собственных позиций, с элементами осуждения внешней причины фрустрации, а также реакция принятия на себя ответственности за создавшуюся ситуацию. В ситуации угрозы террористического акта обнаруживаются усиления ре - акций на удовлетворение потребности в обеих группах: требуется, ожидается," 70 W2032662504.pdf 5 "normalized, correcting for the interday machine tuning effect by dividing each metabolite’s value by the median per run for the day. Then, the data were further standardized before the analyses. For the 36 MZ twins, the mean difference of metabolite levels within twin pair (affected–unaffected twin) was calculated. One- sample non-parametric test (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) was calculated to assesswhether the mean difference for each metabolite was significantly different from 0. 50 metabolites nominally associated with DNA methylation ( Po0.05) were then tested in the replication sample set. The meta-analysis of discovery ( n¼36 IDs) and replication ( n¼24 IDs) samples provided the overall pvalue for the association between metabolite levels and DNA methylation profiles. Gene expression profiles.Gene expression results in adipose, skin and lymphoblastoid cell line tissue was extracted for 590 subjects from MuTHERstudy19. Gene expression levels were measured using the Illumina expression array HumanHT-12 version 3. Each sample had three technical replicates and log2- transformed expression signals, which were quantile normalized, first across three replicates of each individual, and then secondly by quantile normalization across all individuals. We used the transformed normalized residuals of the log-transformedgene expression array signal in this analysis. Genotype data.Genotype data for the individuals in this study were obtained on a combination of Illumina platforms (HumanHap300, HumanHap610Q, 1M-Duo and 1.2MDuo 1M custom arrays). The genotypes were called with the Illuminuscalling algorithm (maximum posterior probability of 0.95). Imputation was per- formed using the IMPUTE software package (v2) using two reference panels: P0 (HapMap2, rel 22, combined CEU) and P1 (610K þ, including the combined HumanHap610K and 1M array). After imputation, SNPs were filtered for MAF of 45% and IMPUTE info value of 40.8 (ref. 19). Methylation QTL identification.Cismethylation QTL at DMRs was analysed using SNPs within 50 kb of the region. For each DMR, the methylation values werenormalized to N (0, 1), and we then fitted a linear model, regressing the methy- lation levels on fixed-effect terms including genotype, age and gender. Multiple testing was corrected for by the Bonferroni correction. We further tested whether methylation acts as a mediator between genotype and phenotype. This was assessed using the causal inference test8,31. The genetic effect on DMRs was calculated using a linear mixed effects model, we regressed the RPM value for each DMR on fixed- effect terms, which included disease status, BMI, age, sex and random-effect terms denoting family structure. Trans methylation QTLs at DMRs were analysed in the replication sample using 2.1M SNPs in the genome ( P¼2.4/C210/C08,F D R ¼5%). For each DMR, the methylation values were normalized to N (0, 1), and we performed association analyses by using linear regression implemented in PLINK47, assuming additive genetic effects, with adjustment for age and sex. Pathway analysis .Pathway analysis was performed using two methods: Cytoscape v2.83 (ref. 48) and GREAT49. We used DMR or giDMR annotated gene list for Cytoscape analysis with FDR o0.001. For GREAT, we analysed separately the T2D-DMR and giDMR regions and applied the regional-based binomial approachwith the maximum distal extension reduced to from 1 Mb to 150 kb. References 1. Morris, A. P. et al. Large-scale association analysis provides insights into the genetic architecture and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Nat. Genet. 44, 981–990 (2012). 2. Robertson, K. D. DNA methylation and human disease. Nat. Rev. Genet. 6, 597–610 (2005). 3. Rakyan, V. K., Down, T. A., Balding, D. J. & Beck, S. Epigenome-wide association studies for common human diseases. Nat. Rev. Genet. 12,529–541 (2011). 4. Robaire, B. Is it my grandparents’ fault? Nat. Med. 14,1186–1187 (2008). 5. Bell, J. T. & Spector, T. D. A twin approach to unraveling epigenetics. Trends Genet. 27,116–125 (2011). 6. Dempster, E. L. et al. Disease-associated epigenetic changes in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Hum. Mol. Genet. 20,4786–4796 (2011). 7. Gervin, K. et al. DNA methylation and gene expression changes in monozygotic twins discordant for psoriasis: identification of epigeneticallydysregulated genes. PLoS Genet. 8,e1002454 (2012). 8. Liu, Y. et al. Epigenome-wide association data implicate DNA methylation as an intermediary of genetic risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Biotechnol. 31, 142–147 (2013). 9. Nair, S. S. et al. Comparison of methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) protein capture for genome-wideDNA methylation analysis reveal CpG sequence coverage bias. Epigenetics 6, 34–44 (2011).10. Robinson, M. D., Statham, A. L., Speed, T. P. & Clark, S. J. Protocol matters: which methylome are you actually studying? Epigenomics 2,587–598 (2010). 11. Ward, M. C. et al. Latent regulatory potential of human-specific repetitive elements. Mol. Cell 49,262–272 (2013). 12. Li, H. & Homer, N. A survey of sequence alignment algorithms for next- generation sequencing. Brief Bioinform. 11,473–483 (2010). 13. Chavez, L. et al. Computational analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells along the endodermal lineage. Genome Res. 20,1441–1450 (2010). 14. Schlesinger, F., Smith, A. D., Gingeras, T. R., Hannon, G. J. & Hodges, E. De novo DNA demethylation and noncoding transcription define active intergenic regulatory elements. Genome Res. 23,1601–1614 (2013). 15. Ziller, M. J. et al. Charting a dynamic DNA methylation landscape of the human genome. Nature 500, 477–481 (2013). 16. Ernst, J. et al. Mapping and analysis of chromatin state dynamics in nine human cell types. Nature 473, 43–49 (2011). 17. Thome, M. CARMA1, BCL-10 and MALT1 in lymphocyte development and activation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4,348–359 (2004). 18. Kiechl, S. et al. Blockade of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANKL) signaling improves hepatic insulin resistance and prevents development of diabetes mellitus. Nat. Med. 19,358–363 (2013). 19. Grundberg, E. et al. Mapping cis- and trans-regulatory effects across multiple tissues in twins. Nat. Genet. 44,1084–1089 (2012). 20. Wu, C. et al. BioGPS: an extensible and customizable portal for querying and organizing gene annotation resources. Genome Biol. 10,R130 (2009). 21. Menni, C. et al. Biomarkers for type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose using a nontargeted metabolomics approach. Diabetes 62,4270–4276 (2013). 22. Adrian, T. E. et al. Rectal taurocholate increases L cell and insulin secretion, and decreases blood glucose and food intake in obese type 2 diabetic volunteers.Diabetologia 55,2343–2347 (2012). 23. Falls, J. G., Pulford, D. J., Wylie, A. A. & Jirtle, R. L. Genomic imprinting: implications for human disease. Am. J. Pathol. 154, 635–647 (1999). 24. Kong, A. et al. Parental origin of sequence variants associated with complex diseases. Nature 462, 868–874 (2009). 25. Lawson, H. A., Cheverud, J. M. & Wolf, J. B. Genomic imprinting and parent- of-origin effects on complex traits. Nat. Rev. Genet. 14,609–617 (2013). 26. Mackay, D. J. et al. Hypomethylation of multiple imprinted loci in individuals with transient neonatal diabetes is associated with mutations in ZFP57. Nat. Genet. 40,949–951 (2008). 27. Cheverud, J. M. et al. Genomic imprinting effects on adult body composition in mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 4253–4258 (2008). 28. Gluckman, P. D., Hanson, M. A., Cooper, C. & Thornburg, K. L. Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 359, 61–73 (2008). 29. Ohno, H., Shinoda, K., Spiegelman, B. M. & Kajimura, S. PPARgamma agonists induce a white-to-brown fat conversion through stabilization of PRDM16 protein. Cell Metab. 15,395–404 (2012). 30. Kajimura, S. et al. Regulation of the brown and white fat gene programs through a PRDM16/CtBP transcriptional complex. Genes Dev. 22,1397–1409 (2008). 31. Millstein, J., Zhang, B., Zhu, J. & Schadt, E. E. Disentangling molecular relationships with a causal inference test. BMC Genet. 10,23 (2009). 32. Nambu, H. et al. Characterization of metabolic phenotypes of mice lacking GPR61, an orphan G-protein coupled receptor. Life Sci. 89,765–772 (2011). 33. Chin, J. E., Dickens, M., Tavare, J. M. & Roth, R. A. Overexpression of protein kinase C isoenzymes alpha, beta I, gamma, and epsilon in cells overexpressing the insulin receptor. Effects on receptor phosphorylation and signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 6338–6347 (1993). 34. Koya, D. & King, G. L. Protein kinase C activation and the development of diabetic complications. Diabetes 47,859–866 (1998). 35. Nishimura, S. et al. CD8þeffector T cells contribute to macrophage recruitment and adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Nat. Med. 15,914–920 (2009). 36. Gregor, M. F. & Hotamisligil, G. S. Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 29,415–445 (2011). 37. Vandanmagsar, B. et al. 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All rights reserved." 71 W1964455581.pdf 4 "ESIN in femur and forearm fractures led us to use this technique to treat tibial shaft fractures [ 7–9]. In our depart- ment, since 2000 every displaced diaphyseal tibial fracture in patents over the age of 6 years was therefore treated by ESIN, apart from Gustilo 2 and 3 open fractures that were treated by external fixation [ 20]. It is generally recognized that the minimal age for ESIN is 6 years old, apart from polytrauma patients for whom there is no age limit [ 7]. The mean age of our patients was 11 years and 8 months. We had only one patient under the age of six who sustained poly- trauma with a floating knee. Moreover, the fracture types in our study population were similar to those described in the literature [ 10,14,16,21]. Our study on 86 young patients confirms the efficiency of this technique in the immediate treatment of tibial shaft fractures. The operation duration was short in cases devoidTable 5 Comparison of displacements between postoperative days 15, 30 and 45 radiographies Displacement type Day 15 radiographies Day 30 radiographies Day 45 radiographies N Mean displacement (range) N Mean displacement (range) N Mean displacement (range) Isolated varus ( /C176) 4 3.9 (1–7) 6 3.8 (1–8) 8 4.1 (2–7) Varus with procurvatum ( /C176)3 2 1 Varus with recurvatum ( /C176)5 8 7 Isolated valgus ( /C176) 6 3.8 (1–15) 6 3.2 (1–10) 4 4 (1–10) Valgus with procurvatum ( /C176)9 8 5 Valgus with recurvatum ( /C176)6 2 4 Isolated procurvatum ( /C176) 4 4.3 (2–13) 2 3.4 (1–10) 4 3.7 (2–10) Isolated recurvatum ( /C176) 9 4.5 (1–10) 9 4.6 (2–15) 8 5 (2–13) Lengthening (mm) 3 3.7 (3–4) 2 2.5 (2–3) 2 2.5 (2–3) Shortening (mm) 11 3.1 (1–7) 8 5.2 (3–11) 9 4.7 (2–11) Medial translation (mm) 6 4.2 (1–5) 6 4.2 (2–6) Lateral translation (mm) 9 2.7 (1–5) 9 2.7 (1–5) Table 6 Comparison of displacements between 6-month, 1- and 2-year radiographies Displacement 6-month radiographies 1-year radiographies 2-year radiographies N Mean displacement (range) N Mean displacement (range) N Mean displacement (range) Isolated varus ( /C176) 6 5.1 (1–6) 1 1.5 (1–2) 2 1.5 (1–2) Varus with procurvatum ( /C176)3 1 Varus with recurvatum ( /C176)5 0 Isolated valgus ( /C176) 5 4.3 (1–9) 3 3.7 (1–5) 2 3 (1–5) Valgus with procurvatum ( /C176)2 0 Valgus with recurvatum ( /C176)6 0 Isolated procurvatum ( /C176) 5 3.8 (1–5) 1 1 Isolated recurvatum ( /C176) 13 6.2 (3–10) 0 Lengthening (mm) 13 5.2 (1–10) 5 5.6 (2–5) 5 5.4 (2–8) Shortening (mm) 15 6.2 (2–13) 10 4.3 (1–6) 10 4 (1–5) FTA: valgus ( /C176) 12 2.7 (1–5) 4 3.5 (2–5) 3 3 (2–4) FTA: varus ( /C176) 16 3.9 (1–8) 10 4.7 (4–6) 8 4.3 (4–5) FTA femoro-tibial axis Progression of the number of patients with displacements between D0 and M24. Fig. 2 Progression of the number of patients with fracture displace- ment ( varus ,valgus ,procurvatum and recurvatum angulation) between day 0 and 2 yearsJ Child Orthop (2011) 5:297–304 301 123" 72 W2977729887.pdf 15 "333 Cur Op Gyn Obs, 2(1): 318-345 (2019) ET, EE and EAOC; ET cell line (CRL-7566) and EAOC cell line (CRL-11731)Higher miR-191 in ET, highest in EAOC, possi - bly associated with the regulation of cell pro - liferation and invasion.Notable that miR-191 may mediate tumorigenic activity of estrogen in ER positive target cells.Dong et al. 2015 [203]; Tian et al. 2015 [204] ET and OC, paired; United StatesDifferentially regulated miRs including down-regulated miR-1, miR-133a, miR-145 and up-regulated miR-200a, miR-200c, miR- 141 in OC as compared to ET were associ - ated with reduced PTEN expression with no change in NF-kB in OC as compared to endometriosis.Wu et al. 2015 [205] ET, EE and Endometrioid OC; Romanian population4 miRs over-expressed in endometriosis, 15 miRs differentially expressed in OC. miR-291- a-3p, miR-325-5p, and miR-492 up-regulated in ET and OC compared with EE; miR-200 family overexpressed in OC compared to ET playing a role in EMT. Let miR family having a role in inhibiting activity on oncogenes (KRAS, HRAS, c-MYC and HMG-2) was down-regulat - ed in OC compared to ET.Braicu et al. 2017 [206] Bcl-2: B-cell Lymphoma 2; CE: Control (disease-free) Endometrium; CTNNTB1: Catenin Beta 1; CXCR4: C-X-C Chemokine Receptor type 4; EAOC: Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer; EE: Eutopic endometrium from proven Endometriosis; EEC: Endometrial Endometrioid Cancer; EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; EMT: Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition; ET: Ectopic Tissue; FOXO1: Forkhead box O1; HE: Hyperplastic Endometrium; HMG-2: High Mobility Group box 2; HRAS: Harvey Rat Sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; GTPase: Guanosine Triphosphatase; KRAS: KRAS proto-oncogene; lncRNA: Long non-coding RNA; Let miRNA: Lethal microRNA; MALAT1: Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1; MYC: MYC proto-oncogene bHLH, transcription factor; NF-kB: Nuclear Factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; OC: Ovarian Cancer; PTEN: Phosphatase and Tensin homolog; STAT3: Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3; TP53: Tumor Protein p53; uPA: uroki - nase-type Plasminogen Activator; VEGF: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Table 4: Common microRNAs in endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers. Between endometriosis and clear cell ovarian cancers ·       Upregulated: miR-125b, miR-143, miR-145, miR-145-5p, miR-191, miR-193a-5p, miR-194, miR-195, miR-223, miR-299-5p, miR-362-5p, miR-365, miR-451, miR-509-3-5p, miR-574-3p, miR-574-5p, miR-628-3p. ·       Down-regulated: let-7a, let-7c, miR-106a, miR-106b, miR-126, miR-141, miR-148a, miR-17-5p, miR-182, miR-183, miR-196b, miR-200c, miR-20a, miR-34c-5p, miR-449b, miR-92a, miR-93. Between endometriosis and endometrioid ovarian cancers ·       Upregulated: miR-16-5p, miR-205, miR-30e-5p, miR-325, miR-492, miR-637. ·       Down-regulated: let-7f, miR-126. Between clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancers ·       Upregulated: miR-200a, miR-200c, miR-21, miR-575. ·       Down-regulated : let-7d, miR-1, miR-100, miR-101, miR-105, miR-125a, miR-125b-1, miR-126, miR- 133a, miR-137, miR-140, miR-143, miR-144, miR-146b-5p, miR-147, miR-199a, miR-199b, miR-222, miR-224, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-29c*, miR-302a, miR-302b, miR-302c, miR-34b*, miR-9, miR-9*, miR-99a. Based on Wendel et al. [156]. *miRNA resulting from the other side of the hairpin, usually assumed to be non-active." 73 W4224209747.pdf 2 "covid-collective.net/clear Page 3 Workers’ Federation (RTWF) represents collective bargaining agencies whilst the Bangladesh Road Transport Owners’ Association (BRTOA) and the Dhaka Road Transport Owners’ Association (DRTOA) protect the interests of bus companies and owners. 2 The ready-made garment (RMG) sector The RMG industry is one of the largest and most important sectors for Bangladesh. During the Covid-19 period, the government gave a stimulus package to the garment sector, for the workers, amounting to BDT 50bn (about €500m) to support the industry and mitigate the economic shock caused by the pandemic. Existing data gaps and research opportunities The pandemic has exacerbated existing challenges and emphasised the need to focus on issues such as workers’ health and safety, job security, and working conditions. There is little research and discussion on how Covid-19 continues to impact garment workers’ employment security and future. What research exists fails to make important distinctions in how workers are paid. For example, sweater and knit industry workers are paid on a piece-rate basis so they were more impacted by the loss of orders due to the pandemic. There is no concrete data on how many factories were affected by the pandemic, how many closed down permanently, how many jobs have now been lost or gained, and what changes have been made to the rights of workers and freedom of association. Studies discuss the economic impact and future of the RMG industry, but rarely consider workers’ rights and livelihoods. Further studies could be conducted to better understand the role of trade unions in workers’ social protection, and to understand what the obstacles are and how they can be overcome. Key stakeholders The RMG sector, given its economic importance and size, has many key stakeholders. The MoLE, the Department of Labour and Employment (DoLE), and the Department of Inspection for Factories and Establishments (DIFE) are among the most important government stakeholders. Factory owners, through the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) and the Bangladesh Knitwear Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BKMEA), tend to have a high influence in policymaking. Trade unions in this sector are generally politicised, divided, and less capable of protecting workers’ rights. Moreover, factory management has taken initiatives to discourage and obstruct workers from unionising. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and thinktanks such as BILS support social causes and initiatives for workers, undertake research, and make policy recommendations but have more limited influence. The International Labour Organization (ILO) is prominent among international agencies taking an interest in labour rights and employment. 3 The beauty parlour sector The beauty parlour sector, despite being in existence for a very long time, has only recently been recognised as an industrial sector. An estimated 100,000 workers, mostly women, are employed in this sector, which runs on an informal arrangement between the workers and owners. There are no written contracts between parlour workers and owners, resulting in violations of workers’ rights in every parlour in the form of extended working hours, absence of formal salary, leave, and benefit policies. During the pandemic, most staff were on unpaid leave when all parlours were forced to close their doors. Existing data gaps and research opportunities There is a significant lack of research conducted on the beauty industry in Bangladesh. Karmojibi Nari, BIGD, and the ILO are the only three organisations that have researched the sector. The following might be considered for future research in the sector: • Research on what constitutes workers’ rights in this sector. • The mapping of beauty parlours to establish their numbers, location, numbers of workers, working conditions, and safety and security conditions would provide a useful evidence baseline for future research and decision-making. • Studies to explore the scope and design of social protection measures for beauty parlour workers. • Evidence on barriers to collective action by workers and to increasing awareness among workers of their rights. Key stakeholders The Ministry of Commerce is the key agency responsible for overseeing the beauty industry. The city corporations provide trade licences to individual beauty parlours. DIFE is responsible for the supervision of parlours. There are a few parlour owners’ associations, such as the Beauty Service Owners Association of Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Garo Beauty Parlour Owners Association. Other stakeholders include beauty parlour owners and the workers themselves.  Research Briefing The Impact of Covid-19 on Labour Rights and Working Conditions in Four Selected Sectors" 74 W4224996753.pdf 2 " International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education (IJSRME) Impact Factor: 7.137, ISSN (Online): 2455 – 5630 (www.rdmodernresearch.com) Volume 7, Issue 1, 2022 38 This can be done only with the help of exploration process about the Workers in the IT sector. Hence the research has done on “A Study on the Measures Taken by Organization, Individual and Job Level to Minimize Attrition in It Industries with Reference to Infopark , Kochi ” Objectives:  To study the socio -economic details of the employees working in IT industries.  To get an insight into the measures taken by organization, individual and job level to minimize attrition in it industries with reference to Infopark, Kochi. Limitations of the Study: Every study will have its own advantages and disadvantages. The following are the limitations of the study:  The result of the study is based upon the views expressed by the IT employees in Infopark, Kochi.  The statistical tools used to analysis the data have their own limitations .  All the limitations of primary data are applicable to this study. Research Methodology: Area of the Study: The research study was done in Infopark , Kochi. Sample Size: A sample of 100 respondents was collected using random sampling method. Nature and Source of Data: The study is based on questionnaire method; primary data has been collected from various IT sector employees in Infopark, Kochi. And the secondary data have been collected from related journals, websites, Magazines and textbooks. Statistical Tools Used for the Study:  Simple percentage analysis  T-test Analysis and Interpretation : Table 1: Socio Economic Profile of the respondents Gender Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent age Male 45 47.9 47.9 Female 49 52.1 100.0 Marital Status Married 41 43.6 43.6 Unmarried 53 56.4 100.0 Age 18to 25 45 47.9 47.9 26to 35 38 40.4 88.3 36to 45 11 11.7 100.0 Education Professional 53 56.4 56.4 UG 30 31.9 88.3 PG 11 11.1 100 Experience of Employees 0 – 5 42 44.7 44.7 6 – 10 33 35.1 79.8 11 – 15 14 14.9 94.7 Above15 5 5.3 100.0 Source: Primary Data Interpretation: The above table describes gender wise classification of the respondents. It shows the majority 52.1% of the respondents are female. The remaining 47.9% of the respondents are male. From the above table, it is inferred that majority 56.4% of respondents were unmarried and 43.6% of respondents were married . The age groups of the respondents are classified as 18 -25 years, 26 -35 years, 36 -45 years and above 45 years as shown in above table. The highest percentages of 47.9% of the respondents sel ected for the study are 18 -25 years of age, 40.4% of respondents are 26 -35 years of age and 11.7% of respondents are 36-45 years of age. The above table shows there respondents educational Post graduate. The majority 56.4% of the respondents was professional . 31.9% of the respondents were PG and 11.7% of the respondents were studied UG. The Employees experience is classified as below 5 years, 6 -10 years, 11 -15 years and above 15 years. The table 4.7 shows that 44.7% of the respondents were having below 5 years of experience. 35.1% of respondents were having 6 -10 years of experience.14.9% of the respondents were having 11 -15 years of experience and 5.3% of respondents were" 75 W2938645573.pdf 14 "Information 2019 ,10, 138 15 of 16 11. Cantner, U.; Graf, H. The network of innovators in Jena: An application of social network analysis. Res. Policy 2006 ,35, 463–480. [CrossRef] 12. Hadjimanolis, A.; Dickson, K. Development of national innovation policy in small developing countries: The case of Cyprus. Res. Policy 2001 ,30, 805–817. [CrossRef] 13. Chen, J. Collaborative Innovation and National Research Capacity Building. Stud. Sci. Sci. 2011 ,29, 1762–1763. 14. Xie, X.; Zuo, L. Characteristics of Collaborative Innovation Networks and Innovation Performance of Firms: The Mediating E ect of Knowledge Absorptive Capacity. Nankai Bus. Rev. 2013 ,16, 47–56. 15. Zhao, J.; Wu, G. Evolution of the Chinese Industry-University-Research Collaborative Innovation System. Complexity 2017 ,2017 , 4215805. [CrossRef] 16. Fern ández-Esquinas, M.; Pinto, H.; Yruela, M.P .; Pereira, T.S. Tracing the flows of knowledge transfer: Latent dimensions and determinants of university–industry interactions in peripheral innovation systems. Technol. Forecast. Soc. 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Innovation and network structural dynamics: Study of the alliance network of a major sector of the biotechnology industry. Res. Policy 2005 ,34, 1457–1475. [CrossRef] 23. Gao, X.; Chen, K. The complex network analysis of the structure evolution of collaborative innovation networks. Sci. Res. Manag. 2015 ,36, 28–36. 24. Tatarynowicz, A.; Sytch, M.; Gulati, R. Environmental demands and the emergence of social structure: Technological dynamism and interorganizational network forms. Adm. Sci. Q. 2016 ,61, 52–86. [CrossRef] 25. Van Burg, E.; Berends, H.; Van Raaij, E.M. Framing and interorganizational knowledge transfer: A process study of collaborative innovation in the aircraft industry. J. Manag. Stud. 2014 ,51, 349–378. [CrossRef] 26. Li, W. Relationship between innovation and market structure in industrial evolution—A Chinese interpretation of Schumpeterrian hypothesis. Sci. Res. Manag. 2009 ,30, 39–47. 27. Zhang, Y.; Li, C. Research on the Innovation Network Structural Impact on Innovation Resource Utilization. Sci. Manag. 2010 ,1, 17. 28. Miotti, L.; Sachwald, F. Co-operative R&D: Why and with whom? An integrated framework of analysis. Res. Policy 2003 ,32, 1481–1499. 29. Pfe er, J.; Gerald, R.S. The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective ; Stanford University Press: Stanford, CA, USA, 2003. 30. Chen, J.; Wu, B. The impact of open-ness on the acquisition of external key resources by enterprises with open innovation. Sci. Res. Manag. 2012 ,33, 10–22. 31. Ritala, P .; Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, P . Incremental and radical innovation in coopetition—The role of absorptive capacity and appropriability. J. Prod. Innov. Manag. 2013 ,30, 154–169. [CrossRef] 32. Cai, L.; Liu, Q. The Empirical Research on the Relationship between Shared Resources and Innovation Performance of Technology-Based Firm in Entrepreneurial Cluster. J. Ind. Eng. Eng. Manag. 2008 ,22, 19–23. 33. Brondoni, S.M. Innovation and Imitation: Corporate Strategies for Global Competition. Symph. Emerg. Issues Manag. 2012 , 10–24. [CrossRef] 34. Cheng, C.C.J.; Chen, J.S. Breakthrough innovation: The roles of dynamic innovation capabilities and open innovation activities. J. Bus. Ind. Mark. 2013 ,28, 444–454. [CrossRef] 35. Li Keqiang: Speech at the 8th Summer Davos Forum. Available online: http: //www.gov.cn /guowuyuan /2014- 09/11/content_2748703.htm (accessed on 11 April 2019). 36. Government Working Report. Available online: http: //www.gov.cn /premier /2019-03 /16/content_5374314.htm (accessed on 11 April 2019)." 76 W4320491104.pdf 8 " Test Image Test description Push up test The participant was asked to perform as many push ups as he could in one minute. Oblique sit up test The participant was asked to perform as many oblique sit ups as he could in one minute. The participant was permitted to stabilise his legs during the sit up if he wished. " 77 W4243291389.pdf 4 "30 ISSN 1028-821X. Radio fi z. Electron. 2020. Vol. 25, No. 3А.С. Брюховецький , О.В. Вічкань Формула (34) в цих позначеннях виглядає так: 211(, ;, ) ( / ) . 41Grr tt t R c R   (36) У роботі [1] формули (1.91) і (1.96) для збіж- ного розв’язку мають вигляд: 1(, ; , ) ( / ) .Grr tt t R c R (37) Порівняння вказує на відсутність множників 1 4 і 21 1 з причин, що обговорювалися в роботі про монохроматичне джерело звуку [3]. 3. Загальний випадок неточкового джере- ла. У загальному випадку, коли Q не є добут- ком  -функцій (3), розв’язок рівняння (1) да- ється «хвильовим потенціалом» (,) (, ; , ) ( , ) .r t d r d t G r rt tQ rt        (38) Дійсно, підстановка (38) в ліву частину хви- льового рівняння (1) з урахуванням розкладан-ня (8) приводить до виразу 3 2 3,( , ) (2 ) exp ( ) ( ) ( , ) 1() ( 2 ) (2 ) () 2 ( ) ( , ) ( , ) .dK dLr t d r d t L Gt iK r r i t t Q r t dr dt z z rr t t Q r t Q r t                                            Для отримання (39) були прийняті до уваги рівність (9) і співвідношення повноти (6). Підставляючи (34) у «хвильовий потенціал» (38), можна привести його до вигляду: 2111(,) ( , ) .ˆ41rt d r Q r trM      (40) Для точкового джерела з залежністю від часу ()ft 0 (,) ( )( ) .Qr t ft r r     (41) Формула (40) після інтегрування за dr при- водить до результату 021011(,) ( ) ,ˆ41rt f trM    (42) де 010 1ˆˆ ,rrrr 00 (, ; ) .rrrr MДля монохроматичного імпульсу прямокут- ної форми тривалістю t з несучою часто- тою 0 0 00 () ( ) ( )itft e Ut t Ut t t       отримуємо 00() 00 0 00() ( ) () .itft e Ut t Ut t t          (43) Тут ()Ut  одинична ступінчаста функція Хевісайда, 00tt  момент часу приходу з точки 0r в т о ч к у r переднього хвильового фронту, а 00tt t      заднього. Для 00 00tt t t   добуток функ- цій Хевісайда у формулі (43) дорівнює одини-ці, і ця формула приводить до результату 00() 21011(,) ,ˆ41itrt erM    (44) який (з точністю до знака джерела) збігається, маючи на увазі 0 з (33), зі значенням (,) ,rt що надається формулою (62) в [3] для порушу-ваних монохроматичним джерелом усталених звукових коливань. Точки спостереження ,r до яких випроміне- не в момент часу t коливання надходить із за- пізненням (, , ) ,rr M  утворюють поверхню, рівняння якої в момент часу спостереження t визначається нулями  -функції в (34): (, , ) 0 . tt r r M  (45) Вигляд цієї поверхні легко встановити в разі спеціального вибору системи координат, напря- мок осі z якої збігається з напрямком ,M тобто з напрямком . У цьому випадку (0,0, ) MM і (45) записуються таким чином: 11 2 2ˆ 10, 1 1 aMz rttc M M        (46) де 2 1 22 11 1 2ˆ . 1zrx y M   Якщо початок відліку системи координат збігається з джерелом (0 ) ,r то 1 . rr У результаті елементарних перетворень (46) отримуємо 22 2 2() , ca zz r c t    (47) де tt t  різниця моментів часу спо- стереження і випромінювання коливання, а . cazM c t t  (39)" 78 W4283376999.pdf 4 "5 Vol.:(0123456789) Scientific Reports | (2022) 12:10714 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14663-3 www.nature.com/scientificreports/Although the canine tooth has been taken as a model for investigating OTM in a substantial number of researches, the differential rate of retraction of contralateral canines, and the severe tipping of the crown com - pared to the root movement was a common finding. Besides, though the difference in retraction pattern between the sliding and frictional mechanics which have been widely stated in the literature, there is no sound explana- tion of these phenomena57,60. This recurring finding triggered the assumption that a discreet factor might be controlling OTM. Hence, the current observational study was conducted to investigate three dimensionally the relationship between the canine root and the labial cortical plate of bone before and after maxillary canine retraction using conventional mechanics. In the current observational study, 42 patients with 84 bilateral maxillary canines were enrolled. The patients’ orthodontic treatment plan necessitated extraction of maxillary first premolars and retraction of maxillary canines. Conventional orthodontic mechanics were applied using NiTi retraction spring delivering a force of 150 g. Three-dimensional CBCT were collected prior to and after canine retraction yielding 168 observations of the canine. The pre-retraction and post-retraction CBCT were superimposed on stable skeletal structures. Figure 5. Examples of CRCR Grade C. Table 3. Shows the total number of the canine root/cortical bone grades in the pre- and post-retraction CBCT’s.Pre-retraction Post-retraction Total Total % Percentages Grade A 5 4 9 5.3 5.4 Grade B 19 8 27 16.1 94.6 Grade C 60 72 132 78.6 Table 4. Showing the change of the grade of the canine root and root apices from the pre- to the post- retraction position for the same subjects.PrePost Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade A (5) 1 0 4 Grade B (19) 2 6 11 Grade C (60) 1 2 57" 79 W2795607298.pdf 1 "Reed HM (2018) Large squamous papilloma involving a transgender neovagina Volume 2(1): 2-2 Surg Case Rep Rev, 2018 doi: 10.15761/SCRR.1000111of cases involved HPV virus serotypes 6 and 11. With HPV 6 and 11 the potential for malignant transformation is low. 118 papilloma viruses have been completely described and many more are suspected to exist by subgenomic aplicons [4]. They can cause warts as well as papillomas and may exist without being grossly visible [5]. The National Cancer Institute has recommended routine 3 dose HPV vaccination (type 9vHPV) at age 11 or 12 years [6]. For those not previously vaccinated or those who have not completed the 3-dose course, females aged 13 through 26 years and of males aged 13 through 21 years may be vaccinated. HPV vaccination and condom usage of is recommended for vaginoplasty patients. through age 26 years as well as men who have sex with men and for immunocompromised persons if not vaccinated previously. The quadrivalent (qHPV) vaccine Gardasil (Merck) also protects against HPV types 6 and 11 [7-9].A p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is recommended by the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) when the H&E morphologic differential diagnosis is between precancer and a mimic of precancer (such as atrophy and reparative epithelial changes); a strong and diffuse block-positive P16 result supports a categorization of precancerous disease.” [2]. While the papilloma in our patient did not disclose atypia or suggestion of a precancerous lesion, a p16 IHC stain was performed as an academic adjunct. Removal of the entire lesion and expert pathologic review is strongly advised before treatment is initiated [10]. Conclusion HPV induced squamous papilloma occur frequently in the anogenital area. They are often invisible, are sexually transmitted, and typically benign. Their duration may be brief and self-limiting. Such lesions may grow to an unusually large size. Concurrent malignancy justifies excisional biopsy. Funding None References 1. Braun H, Nash R, Tangpricha V (2017) Cancer in Transgender People: Evidence and Methodological Considerations. Epidermiol Review 39: 93-107 [Crossref] 2. Darragh TM, Colgan TJ, Cox JT, Heller DS, Henry MR, et al. (2013) The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology Standardization Project for HPV-Associated Lesions: background and consensus recommendations from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. Int J Gynecol Pathol 32: 76-115 [Crossref] 3. Susan Hariri, Eileen Dunne, Mona Saraiya, Elizabeth Unger, Lauri Markowitz (2011) Manual for the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, VPD Surveillance Manual, 5th Edition, 5 Human Papillomavirus: Chapter 5-1 4. DermNet New Zealand, Squamous Cell Papilloma, Ngan, Vanessa 2005 5. Rocky bacelieri (2005) Cutaneous warts: an evidence-based approach to therapy Am Fam Physician. 72: 647-652. [Crossref] 6. De Villiers EM, Fauquet C, Broker TR, Bernard HU, zur Hausen H (2004) Classification of papillomaviruses 7. Petrosky E, Bocchini JA, Hariri S (2015) Use of 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine: Updated HPV Vaccination Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 64: 300-304. [Crossref] 8. Oelschlager AA, Kirby A, Breech L (2017) Evaluation and Management of Vaginoplasty Complications. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 29: 316-321 [Crossref] 9. Chia-ching JW, Palefsky JM (2015) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections and the Importance of HPV Vaccination Curr Epidemiol Rep 2: 101-109 [Crossref] 10. Indres MT, Deligdisch L, Altchek (2009) A Squamous Papilloma with Hyperpigmentation in the Skin Graft of the Neovagina in Rokitansky Syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 22: e148-e155 [ Crossref] Figure 2. Gross B: Cut surfaces Figure 3. Micro: H Copyright: ©2018 Reed HM. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited." 80 W3033691673.pdf 1 "mento, que dista cerca de doze quilômetros dessa vila, até a idade de três anos. Nessa ocasião acompanhou os pais, ao se mudarem para a localidade da Praia no município de Iguape, ali ficando por tempo inferior a um ano, findo o qual passou a residir no endereço atual. Freqüenta a escola de primeiro grau mostrando comportamento normal para a idade. Mediante informações colhidas de familiares, sua história pre- gressa assinala apenas quadros possivel- mente amastiformes nos primeiros anos de vida, além de anemia e anasarca em deter- minada oportunidade. Chamou a atenção o relato de que, no ano passado (1980), teria sofrido fenômeno febril revelado por acessos noturnos, sem a presença de outros sin- tomas, e com remissão durante o dia. O caso foi detectado quando da realização de uma das etapas do inquérito sorológico escolar em municípios do Estado, levado a efeito pela SUCEN, e baseado na coleta de sangue para o exame de imunofluores- cência indireta. Assim é que, em agosto de 1980, a amostra dos escolares da região forneceu, para ACC, resultado considerado duvidoso. Em vista disso, procedeu-se à segunda coleta em dezembro do mesmo ano e atingindo também seus familiares. Todos estes forneceram resultados negativos, mas o menor teve reação positiva de título 1/160. Durante a presente investigação, fez-se nova coleta do caso, obtendo-se novo resultado positivo com título de 1/512. O exame físico revelou bom estado geral, sem qualquer alteração digna de nota. Não foi possível evidenciar a porta de entrada da infecção,tendo sido negados antecedentes operatórios ou de transfusão sangüínea. A reação de fixação de complemento foi positiva, bem assim a aglutinação direta ( > 64) e o xenodiagnóstico. Iniciou o tratamento em 7.IV. 81, com benzomidazol na posologia de 8,7mg/Kg/dia. INVESTIGAÇÃO E COMENTÁRIOS Durante a inquirição dos familiares foi referido que, quando a família residia no Sítio Araçauba, alimentava-se com freqüên- cia de animais silvestres, entre os quais figuravam tatus. Nessas oportunidades, o menor ACC participava do preparo das carnes para as refeições. Por duas vezes, em dezembro de 1980 e março de 1981, foram realizadas buscas de triatomíneos na Vila São José — Ariri, com resultados total- mente negativos. Por sua vez, os moradores negam a existência de focos domiciliados desses insetos. Quatro cães encontrados nas casas locais foram submetidos ao xeno- diagnóstico, com resultados negativos. Diante desses achados é forçoso admitir o caráter autóctone regional do caso bem como de mecanismo de transmissão outro que não a ação triatomínea. As caracterís- ticas locais e os hábitos da população, em todo análogas ao do caso anteriormente descrito, levam à supor a contaminação por meio de mamíferos silvestres utilizados na alimentação. De qualquer maneira, este novo achado parece confirmar a hipótese de exis- tência de quadro regional endêmico de tripanossomíase americana. " 81 W2029599101.pdf 0 "171 ference, but at least three things appeared to pass by common consent: (I) } different grades of commercial instruction should be suited to the needs of different classes and to this end at least three sorts of institutions should be provided: high schools of commerce, colleges of commerce and post-graduate schools of commerce; (2) for the first two institutions just named, technical and special elements should not too much exclude the general and cultural work (a proportion given for the college of commerce was 60 per cent of general work, and 40 per cent of special) ; and (3) the traditions and condi- tions of each community and institution must largely guide in dealing with its local problem. Mention should be made of the gracious and diplomatic manner in which the president of the Michigan Political Science Association, Hon. Arthur Hill, of Saginaw, presided over the convention, and the skillful steering com- mittee work of Professor Adams as secretary. The visiting delegates carried away pleasant memories of the hospitality of President Angell and the Michigan faculty. The papers and discussions of the meeting will be pub- lished by the Michigan Political Science Association. Central High School, PkiladelpkiaCHEESMAN A. HERRICK. TRAINING IN AGRICULTURE AT TUSKEGEE In the article on the &dquo;Evolution of Negro Labor,&dquo; by Mr. Carl Kelsey, published in the January number of THE ANNALS, the statement is made that &dquo;even Tuskegee is not doing so much in this line (training agriculturists) as generally supposed, in spite of the emphasis I know is being laid upon it. In examining its last catalogue I find only sixteen graduates who are farming; of these, thirteen have other occupations, principally teaching. Three others are introducing cotton raising in Africa under the German government. From the industrial department nine have received certificates in agriculture and six in dairying, but their present occupations are not given.&dquo; It may be interesting in view of this comment for readers of THE ANNALS to know what Tuskegee is now doing to train agriculturists. This year the students in agriculture in the institute fall into three groups: (I) 181 students are engaged in the actual operation of the farm, the truck garden, the orchard, etc.; (2) 79 students are taking &dquo;the professional courses&dquo;; and (3) 207 students are taking agriculture as a regular part of their academic work. This statement has eliminated the counting of the same person twice and, therefore, shows, as far as enrollment goes, what the school is now doing in agriculture. But Mr. Kelsey bases his comment upon the unfortunately meagre state- ment contained in last year’s catalogue as to occupations in which our grad- uates are engaged. This is a clearly inadequate test of the efficiency of the work here because for easily understood reasons-and poverty is not the ieast-our students in very few cases remain throughout the course. The Senior Class;-the course is seven years in length,-in February, 1902, repre- sented less than 4/ per cent of the total undergraduate enrollment. Of the at University of Manitoba Libraries on June 9, 2015 ann.sagepub.com Downloaded from" 82 W3011447808.pdf 4 "Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020 ,17, 1810 5 of 15 Assuming interviewee (N) and assigned inquiry amounts ( Bi,BU i,BD i), the log-likelihood function of interviewee i is: lnLD()=XN i=18>><>>:dYY ilnYY Bi, BU i +dNN ilnNN Bi, BD i +dYN ilnYN Bi, BU i +dNY ilnNY Bi, BD i9>>=>>;. (10) If the interviewee replies willing in both rounds, then dYY i=1,dNN i=dYN i=dNY i=0; conversely, if the interviewee replies unwilling in both rounds, then dNN i=1,dYY i=dYN i=dNY i=0; therefore, dYN iand dNY i. The first-order equilibrium solution (@lnLD ˆD @=0)is taken from the log-likelihood function (lnLD(ˆD)) against the estimator ()to obtain the maximum approximate estimator ˆD. The asymptotic variance covariance matrix of ˆDis expressed as: VD(ˆD) = [" 83 W2158931222.pdf 16 "In Table 4, model (1) includes the influence of firm characteristics and shows that the value of total assets is negatively related to the firm recovery rate, but thecoefficient is insignificant. Both asset structure variables, fraction of fixed assets and quick ratio, have significantly positive coefficients. The fraction of fixed assets is likely to have a positive sign, because it is a proxy for saleable assets and alsoinversely related to intangible assets. For the quick ratio we also hypothesize apositive effect on recovery, because companies with more liquid assets have ahigher recovery potential. Obviously, for leverage (Debt) we predict a negativecoefficient, as more indebted firms have simply more debt to recover. However, wehypothesize a positive effect of bank debt, because banks will put in more effort inthe recovery process in case their part of the total liabilities is larger. The estimates corroborate our hypothesized effects. Particularly, the coefficient of bank debt of 0.313 is high. In case a firm has the median amount of bank debt of 21.4%, therecovery rate is 6.7% point (21.4 times 0.313) higher, in comparison with a firmwithout bank debt. The adjusted R 2of the model is 0.250. In model (2) we drop insignificant variables and include time-related variables. None of these variables obtain significance. Clearly, both the length of thebankruptcy process and the time to sell assets do not influence the recovery rates. Inmodel (3), we introduce the procedural characteristics. Continuation in bankruptcy is hypothesized to be positive for the recovery rate, because it indicates that the firm has valuable activities, which may yield higher asset prices. The liquidation dummyis expected to yield a negative coefficient, because realized values are normallylower in piecemeal liquidations, compared to going concern asset sales. We find thatthe variables continuation in bankruptcy and piecemeal liquidation are significant,respectively at 5% and 10% level. Both coefficients also have the hypothesized sign.The levels of the coefficients imply that the recovery rate increases by 8.1% pointwhen the trustee continues the operations and decreases by 6.1% point in case of liquidation. Given that the average recovery rate is 37.2%, these two variables have a major impact on the creditors’ proceeds. Conflicts, procedures and disputes do notaffect recovery rates, nor does the involvement of management. The adjusted R 2in model (3) is 0.281, which again indicates a minor improvement relative to the firmcharacteristics in model (1). In model (4) we include only the significant variables inprevious models and find that the results are robust. We find that the firm recovery rate is higher when firms have more fixed assets, a higher quick ratio, are not liquidated and continue their operations in bankruptcy. These results are in line with expectations. We also find that the effect on recovery is negative for leverage and positive for bank debt. Our results confirm previoustests. Thorburn ( 2000 ) documents that recovery rates in Swedish firms are influenced by secured (bank) debt and the outcome of the procedure. Sundgren(1998 ) finds that indebtedness is a significant determinant of recovery. Bris et al. (2006 ) report similar results with respect to size (not or only weakly relevant), leverage and secured debt. Gilson et al. ( 1990 ) report that distressed exchange offers in the US are more successful when the debt structure is more concentrated, which is in line with our result for bank debt. The results show that even in liquidation-based system it helps to have concentrated bank debt.Eur J Law Econ (2008) 26:105–127 121 123" 84 W4385930555.pdf 17 "Page 18/27 Figure 2 The growth curve of Radon concentration builds inside the Smart RnDuo monitor " 85 W3135966791.pdf 4 "J. Fungi 2021 ,7, 211 5 of 13 pg/mL, 7 (3%) were indeterminate and 152 were negative. For Aspergillus real-time PCR there was sufficient volume for testing 156/240 (65%) samples, whereof 39 (25%) were positive with a median (range, IQR) C t37.7 (17.1–41.6, 2.6). Thus, taking into account only the 156 samples tested for all three biomarkers, 88 (56%) were positive in at least one biomarker, whereas only 4 (3%) were positive in all three (Table 1). The four samples were from four patients (two AML, all on antifungal treatment, three with antimold therapy), three with probable IA and one with possible IA and had GM index/PCR C t/BDG pg/mL 1.41/34/119, 0.63/40.1/320, 3.02/28.47/309, 1.53/20.45/84, respectively. The sample positivity rate of BDG was higher in patients with probable (55%) and possible IA (46%) than in patients with no evidence for IA (40%), whereas the positivity rate of PCR was higher in patients with probable IA (55%) than in patients with possible IA (19%) and no evidence for IA (22%). When samples positive to one of the biomarkers were analyzed, significant correlation was found between PCR C tand GM indices (r s=" 86 W4248561575.pdf 0 "Editorial - 11- EDITORIAL A publicação de um periódico científico requer o cumprimento de vários critérios indispensáveis para a manutenção da qualidade esperada pelos editores, autores, comunidade consumidora, e pelas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Atender os requisitos básicos é um desafio que o corpo editorial deve enfrentar a cada número a ser publicado, dentre eles destacam-se: cumprir os prazos de publicação e distribuição conforme a periodicidade prevista; manter a qualidade gráfica; viabilizar um processo de avaliação por pares ágil e de qualidade; manter adequada comunicação com os auto- res; assegurar a qualidade do conteúdo, normalização, atualidade, abrangência (regional, nacional e internacional) e inovação das informações veiculadas. As etapas que envolvem o processo de editoração, desde a submissão do manuscrito até a publi- cação do artigo final requerem um trabalho árduo, comprometido e minucioso . A qualidade de toda essa operação, permeada por muitas facetas “invisíveis”, é avaliada indiretamente pelos consumi - dores do conhecimento divulgado e pelos experts que compõem os comitês de seleção/avaliação dos periódicos das bases de dados, que tem como objeto real de avaliação o “produto”, ou seja, os artigos publicados. A indexação em bases de dados conceituadas em nível nacional e internacional promove a aceitação na comunidade científica e consequente visibilidade do periódico, quando está associada a uma política de acessibilidade – open acess. Assim, cada periódico científico possui um papel fundamental na construção e divulgação do conhecimento, considerando que “o fluxo da comunicação científica inclui a publicação formal de resultados de pesquisa, a recuperação de informação, o acesso à literatura publicada e a comunicação informal e de intercâmbio entre pesquisadores. É um fluxo contínuo, pois conhecimentos publicados e assimilados dão origem a novos conhecimentos, pesquisas e publicações, regido por uma dinâmica específica e influenciado pelas relações com a sociedade”. 1:58 A Texto & Contexto Enfermagem, publicada desde 1992, teve como grande diferencial qualitati- vo ser uma revista temática, abordando questões importantes para a Enfermagem brasileira, em cada número, sob vários olhares e diferentes ângulos. 2 Desde seu início, passou (e continuará passando) por transformações ao longo de sua existên- cia, buscando acompanhar a crescente evolução na produção e fluxo de divulgação da comunicação científica. A trajetória desse periódico tem sido pautada pelo aprimoramento do seu processo de editoração e administrativo, que culminou na publicação trimestral a partir de 2003 para atender a grande demanda de artigos submetidos e consequente necessidade de ampliação de oportunidade para a disseminação do conhecimento. Em 2006, foi aprovada para fazer parte da Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), estando em acesso aberto nessa coleção a partir de 2007. 2 A conquista mais recente foi a indexação no ISI - Web of Science®.3 Todos os esforços têm sido empreendidos para que a Texto & Contexto Enfermagem contribua cada vez mais para a divulgação do conhecimento científico na área da saúde, em especial da enfermagem, procurando aperfeiçoar o seu acesso à comunidade científica. Assim, após 18 anos (1992-2009), focali-zando uma temática específica em cada número, 4 deixa de ter essa característica a partir do volume 19 de 2010. Essa mudança busca acompanhar o crescimento vertiginoso das solicitações de submissão dos últimos anos e ampliar as possibilidades de socialização da informação científica oriunda das diversas áreas da saúde e da Enfermagem. Não haverá mais uma restrição temática para que o conhecimento produzido em uma determinada área ou especialidade possa ser submetido para publicação e, quiçá aprovado para publicação, após a conclusão de todas as etapas, desde a avaliação por pares até a re-visão final do manuscrito. Texto Contexto Enferm, Florianópolis, 2010 Jan-Mar; 19(1): 11-2." 87 W4393863549.pdf 1 "Tampa Bay 12,443 (100.0) 7,509 (60.4) 621 (5.0) 688 (5.5) 3,625 (29.1) Central Florida 14,000 (100.0) 8,255 (59.0) 842 (6.0) 727 (5.2) 4,176 (29.8) Northeast Florida 10,581 (100.0) 5,844 (55.2) 844 (8.0) 562 (5.3) 3,331 (31.5) Southwest Florida 8,644 (100.0) 5,203 (60.2) 602 (7.0) 546 (6.3) 2,293 (26.5) Northwest Rural 4,272 (100.0) 2,238 (52.4) 327 (7.7) 305 (7.1) 1,402 (32.8) Marital status <0.01 Not married 28,016 (100.0) 15,207 (54.3) 1,859 (6.6) 1,554 (5.6) 9,396 (33.5) Married 35,235 (100.0) 22,670 (64.3) 2,120 (6.0) 1,979 (5.6) 8,466 (24.0) Unknown 1,748 (100.0) 934 (53.4) 141 (8.1) 101 (5.8) 572 (32.7) AJCC stage SEER <0.01 Stage I 46,333 (100.0) 29,317 (63.3) 3,383 (7.3) 2,494 (5.4) 11,139 (24.0) Stage II 11,156 (100.0) 6,288 (56.4) 374 (3.4) 544 (4.9) 3,950 (35.4) Unknown 7,510 (100.0) 3,206 (42.7) 363 (4.8) 596 (7.9) 3,345 (44.5) Histology <0.01 Adenocarcinoma 35,265 (100.0) 25,139 (71.3) 1,750 (5.0) 1,939 (5.5) 6,437 (18.3) Squamous cell carcinoma 18,132 (100.0) 9,906 (54.6) 1,165 (6.4) 1,233 (6.8) 5,828 (32.1) Large cell carcinoma 1,220 (100.0) 792 (64.9) 28 (2.3) 39 (3.2) 361 (29.6) Unspecified and Others 4,177 (100.0) 306 (7.3) 529 (12.7) 99 (2.4) 3,243 (77.6) NSCLC NOS 5,499 (100.0) 2,194 (39.9) 631 (11.5) 293 (5.3) 2,381 (43.3) CCI <0.01 CCI=0 16,818 (100.0) 11,477 (68.2) 744 (4.4) 1,070 (6.4) 3,527 (21.0) 1 ≤ CCI ≤ 2 36,194 (100.0) 22,323 (61.7) 1,936 (5.4) 1,982 (5.5) 9,953 (27.5) CCI ≥ 3 7,780 (100.0) 3,942 (50.7) 558 (7.2) 577 (7.4) 2,703 (34.7) Cancer sequence number <0.01 One primary in the patient’s lifetime 36,316 (100.0) 20,843 (57.4) 2,060 (5.7) 1,528 (4.2) 11,885 (32.7) 1st of two or more primaries 7,211 (100.0) 5,100 (70.7) 382 (5.3) 445 (6.2) 1,284 (17.8) ≥2nd of two or more primaries 21,472 (100.0) 12,868 (59.9) 1,678 (7.8) 1,661 (7.7) 5,265 (24.5) Cancer sequence number † <0.01 One primary in the patient’s lifetime 36,316 (55.9) 20,843 (53.7) 2,060 (50.0) 1,528 (42.1) 11,885 (64.5) 1st of two or more primaries 7,211 (11.1) 5,100 (13.1) 382 (9.3) 445 (12.3) 1,284 (7.0) ≥2nd of two or more primaries 21,472 (33.0) 12,868 (33.2) 1,678 (40.7) 1,661 (45.7) 5,265 (28.6) Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; NSCLC, non -small cell lung cancer; NOS: not otherwise specified; SBRT , stereotactic body radiation therapy. * P-value obtained from chi -square test. † Column percentage. " 88 W3128886743.pdf 11 "12 Vol:.(1234567890) Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:3534 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83009-2 www.nature.com/scientificreports/Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2021 COLOR Study Group Anundorn Wongteerasut1, Kaouther Ben‑Amor2, Rocio Martin2, Steven Ting3, Orapa Suteerojntrakool4, Chonikarn Visuthranukul4 & Punnapatch Piriyanon5" 89 W3008176063.pdf 5 "among firms. ”He lists as characteristics of an alliance the voluntariness, fixation by agreement, exchange and/or pooling of resources and the sharing of bene fit and control. A more restricted view by Yoshino and Rangan ( 1995 ,p .4 –5) defines“a strategic alliance as possessing simultaneously the following three necessary and suf ficient characteristics ”: Two or more firms remain independent, share bene fits and control and“contribute to a continuing basis in one or more key strategic areas ”. Suen ( 2005 ) combines this de finition with the speci fics by Gomes-Casseres (1999 , p. 34): Each partner has only limited control and the cooperation is based on“an incomplete contract ”.“Because the partners remain separate firms, there is no automatic convergence in their interest and actions. As a result, to deal with unforeseen contingencies the partners need to make decisions jointly. ” DePamphilis ( 2018 , p. 553) uses the overall term of “Business Alliances ”which covers a variety of partnerships (Joint Venture, Strategic Alliances, Equity Partner-ships, Licensing, Franchising, Network Alliances, Exclusive Agreements) withdifferent characteristics but “the common goal of the partners are the sharing of risks, rewards and control ”. The Association of Strategic Alliance Professionals (ASAP) says about the motivation for partnering: “Typically, strategic alliances have a broad and long- term impact on corporate performance and valuation. Often, strategic alliances are formed to create a competitive advantage for the partners in their respective markets ” (https://www.strategic-alliances.org/page/alliance_de finitions ). Merger and Acquisitions (M&A) activities are closely related to alliances and often seen as a kind of de finitive, non-temporary alliance with a high level of control. The main differences are a higher investment, interest of controlling, less flexibility and the joint organizations become either one or belong to the same corporate parent(Gomes et al. 2011 , p. 7f.). The range of strategic alliances from pure contractual, non-equity based alliances like market transactions to equity-based alliances with its most de finitive form of an acquisition is shown in Fig. 2. There are three main types of alliances which can be assigned to the three main stages of the pharmaceutical value chain as shown in Fig. 1. Austin ( 2008 , p. 166) differentiates accordingly: Research alliances for discovery, target and lead molecule identi fication, for assays, mechanisms etc. Market transactionsAcquisitionsR&D contractCo- marketingStrategic Partner*Licensing/ Franchising Cross- share- holdingStrategic investmentJoint ventureInformal collaborationContractual/Non-equity-based alliances Equity-based alliances Fig. 2 Range of alliances from market transactions to acquisitions. Adapted from (Peng 2014 , p. 213) and (Herrmann and Dressel 2014 ). *E.g. strategic supplier, distributor, service provider68 E. Hörner" 90 W4317930155.pdf 7 "Atmosphere 2023 ,14, 222 8 of 18 Atmosphere 2023 , 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 10 of 21 Figure 6. Observations of CD on 28 February 2009 showing the AU/AL (auroral upper/auroral lower) indices, the magnetic field components in GSM coordinates at P4 and P5, current densities in the layer embedded by P4 and P5, power within the layer, and the average electric field at the two satellites at CD. The second last panel of Figure 6 shows the dissipation parameters in both x- and y-directions using different colors. The last panel shows the average electric field of the two satellites, also in both x- and y-directions using different colors. Note that since the power dissipation is mainly caused by the electric field, the role of CCI in power dissipation during a substorm is the rapid magnetic field changes as a result of current changes caused by the CCI." 91 W3185159463.pdf 1 "J. Clin. Med. 2021 ,10, 3185 2 of 15 in increased endothelial permeability, consequently enabling the infiltration of various lipids such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) into the intima. Here, LDL can be modified into oxidized LDL (oxLDL) by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are released by the damaged endothelial cells (ECs) [ 4,5]. Both the accumulation of lipids and the endothe- lial damage trigger an inflammatory reaction, which includes the release of chemokines from the activated endothelium and the expression of adhesion molecules on ECs [ 4,5]. This inflammatory response stimulates the recruitment and adhesion of leukocytes, pre- dominantly monocytes, to the endothelium [ 6]. Subsequently, these immune cells will transmigrate into the vessel wall, a process that is also guided by chemokines and adhesion molecules. The infiltrated monocytes will differentiate into macrophages, which take up oxLDL and cell debris, leading to the formation of foam cells [ 7,8]. Foam cells on their turn release inflammatory cytokines, which again triggers the recruitment cascade, thereby creating a vicious cycle. The continued recruitment of monocytes into the vessel wall results in the formation and further development of so called fatty-streak lesions. During lesion development, medial vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) migrate towards the luminal side of the lesion where they produce collagen, which consequently leads to the formation of a fibrotic cap on top the macrophage rich areas of the plaque. In this stage, macrophages residing inside the lesion will not only secrete inflammatory cytokines, but also matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which break down extracellular matrix compo- nents in the plaque cap, thereby destabilizing the plaque. Moreover, due to continued lipid accumulation these macrophages become apoptotic, contributing to the formation of the necrotic core and thereby mediating plaque progression into an advanced stage [ 9]. Furthermore, in advanced human lesions angiogenesis plays an important role driven by macrophages [ 10,11]. Eventually, the continued growth of the plaque together with the thinning of the fibrotic cap can lead to plaque rupture and thrombus formation. The thrombus can then trigger other cardiovascular events, such as MI or stroke by occluding certain vessels in the heart or the brain, respectively [8]. 1.2. Current CVD-Therapies CVD management mainly revolves around the stabilization of blood lipid levels via statins and the reduction of thrombotic factors via for example aspirin, which result in slowing down disease progression. Statins are the current gold standard of CVD- therapy. They inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, consequently decreasing the production of cholesterol [ 12]. A meta-analysis on clinical statin trials unveiled that this medication can indeed reduce the LDL levels in plasma by 50–55% thereby also significantly decreasing the risk of further cardiovascular events [ 13]. However, treatment with statins also has a lot of off-target effects. For example, a study by Preiss et al. [ 14] revealed that treatment with statins increased the risk for the development of diabetes by a striking 9%. This discovery led to a discussion about the use of statins in the clinic and especially stimulated the development of alternative treatment options. One of these new strategies is the use of monoclonal antibodies against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Its physiological function is to stimulate the degradation of the LDL receptor via direct interaction in the liver [ 15]. Additionally, PCSK9 prevents LDL receptor recycling to the membrane. In this way, inhibiting PCSK9 will avert LDL receptor degradation and hence lead to increased surface expression of LDL receptors that can bind and internalize LDL particles, thereby lowering plasma LDL levels. Interestingly, PCSK9 inhibition can reduce plasma LDL levels by a striking 60%, even on top of statin-induced LDL decrease, without any signs of serious side effects [ 16–18]. Although PCSK9 inhibition is a very promising therapeutic option, the production costs of these antibodies remain at the moment too high in order for it to be used on a large scale. Besides these lipid-focused CVD-therapies, novel methods based on immunomod- ulation have emerged in the last decades. The immune system protects the body from infections. In large parts, this is based on the recognition of “self” and “non-self”. Im- munity is vital to protect the body, but exaggerated inflammation and elevated white" 92 W2610202791.pdf 3 "International Journal of Current Advanced Research Vol 6 , Issue 03 , pp 2496 - 2499 , March 201 7 2499 13. Son EJ, Oh KK, Kim EK. Pregnancy associated breast disease: Radiologic features and diagnostic dilemmas. Yonsei Med J. 2006 Feb 28; 47(1): 34 - 42. 14. Sawhney S et al .Ultrasound separates galactoceles from simple cysts. Ultrasound reviews; 2002 Apr 9.Available from: http://www.au ntminnie.com/ index. aspx?sec=ser&sub=def&pag=dis&ItemID=53045 . 15. Nikumbh DB, Desai SR, Shrigondekar PA et al . Crystallizing galactocele – An Unusual diagnosis on Fine needle Aspiration cytology. J Clin Diagn Res . 2013; 7(3): 604 - 5. 16. Rosen, Peter P, editors. Rosen’s Breast Pathology. 3 rd edition. Lippincot Williams and Wilkins ; 2009. P. 34 - 70. 17. Jyothi K, Baliga V. Crystallizing Galactocele - A Cytological Dilemma: Case Report. Sch J App Med Sci.2015; 3(1B):129 - 30. 18. Nuzhat S, Qayoom S, Zubair Q et al . Old Crystallizing Galactocele - A Rare Case Report. J Cytol Histol . 2015; 6: 325 - 6. 19. Shetty A, Narasimha A, Jayalakshmi VJ. Crystallising Galactocele: Report of a rare variation . Breast disease . 2016; 36(2 - 3): 111 - 4. How to cite this article: Radhika Yajaman Gurumurthy and Nadig Siddharth Shankar (2017) ' Crystallizing Galactocele - Histopathological Diagnosis Of An Enigmatic Entity ' , International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 06(03), pp. 2496 - 2499 . DOI: ht tp://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2017. 2499 .0036 ******* " 93 W2899385742.pdf 6 "qt tf=+.0(2) The feature that if δR.11 Keeping in mind the “classical results ”from for example, Becker ( 1968 ) and Allingham and Sandmo ( 1972 ), Proposition 1(ii) may appear counterintuitive. The cost to the taxpayer of getting caught, f, has no effect on the evasion probability, but on the authority's audit prob- ability. While this effect is not the usual in the tax ‐compliance literature, where the taxpayer is regarded as the only active part, it is a typical finding for inspection games as presented, for example, in Graetz et al. ( 1986 ).12When inspector and inspectee move simultaneously, the unique and mixed equilibrium implies that the two players, so to say, hold each other in- different. Since a more severe punishment makes evasion less attractive, the inspection prob- ability has to go down in order for the taxpayer to remain indifferent between evading anddeclaring. The effects of harsher punishment are manifested, not in terms of less crime, butrather in terms of less inspection. Note that we have not mentioned player 3 at all. Rightly so, since 3 has no bearing on anything under classical preferences. 3|INCORPORATING GUILT The filing of tax returns is an example where guilt plausibly influences behavior. By with- holding provision of public funds, tax evaders may hurt fellow citizens who expect compliance.Conscientious filers dislike that and may declare honestly to avoid guilt. This is in line withfindings in psychology. In an influential study, (Baumeister et al., 1994 , p. 247) explain that ""If people feel guilt for hurting their partners …and for failing to live up to their expectations, they will alter their behavior (to avoid guilt) in ways that seem likely to maintain and strengthen therelationship. ” 13Note the link to others' expectations. Using designs that elicit beliefs about beliefs, several experimental studies tested for such belief ‐dependent motivation and found support.14B&D develop two models —simple guilt and guilt from blame —that describe how 11 IfδR=, then equilibrium requires p=00and  q ,1t tf0 +∈ . 12The broader and somewhat counterintuitive game ‐theoretic angle is that as regards mixed strategy equilibrium a change in one player's payoff is predicted to only affect the other player's behavior. Camerer ( 2003 , pp. 139 –140) discusses lab experiments that tested this prediction and reports that “This wacky prediction is surprisingly close to correct. ”We also note that there is large experimental literature on ‐œtax evasion games ‐Âİwhich largely does not shed light on the issue discussed here since most of the games studied are not inspection games but rather treat theinspection probability as a parameter; see Alm and Malézieux ( 2021 , especially p. 713). 13Compare also Baumeister et al. ( 1995 ) and Tangney ( 1995 ). 14For example, Dufwenberg and Gneezy ( 2000 ) show for a dictator game that more is given by subjects who expect their co‐players to expect a lot. See also Dufwenberg and studies have met some criticism —see Ellingsen et al. ( 2010 ) and Vanberg ( 2008 )—and some follow ‐up defense —see for example, Khalmetski et al. ( 2015 ). Cartwright ( 2019 ) surveys much of the literature.DUFWENBERG ANDNORDBLOM | 11" 94 W4378803631.pdf 3 "Devina Rizka Fajriati dkk, Abdi Implementasi Pancasila: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat , Volume ; 3 Nomor: 1 Nomor Halaman 11-15 DOI: 14 Sebelum adanya kegiatan penyuluhan pembuatan jamu instan ol eh kelompok KKM UIN Malang, ternyata masih banyak masyarakat Desa Bayem yang belum mengetahui bagaimana proses pembuatan jamu beras kencur menjadi serbuk. Hal ini membuat masyarakat desa tertarik dan antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan penyuluhan ini. Kegiat an penyuluhan dimulai dengan membahas apa itu obat tradisional dan ‘TOGA’. Menurut BPOM (2014), obat tradisional adalah bahan atau ramuan yang berupa tumbuhan, hewan, mineral, sediaan sarian (galenik) atau campuran dari salah satu bahan tersebut yang secar a turun temurun telah digunakan untuk pengobatan, dan dapat diterapkan sesuai dengan norma yang berlaku di masyarakat. Di Indonesia, obat herbal yang merupakan bagian dari obat bahan alam dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu jamu, obat herbal terstandar, dan fitofarmaka (Oktaviani et al , 2020). Sementara itu, ‘TOGA’ (Tanaman Obat Keluarga) merupakan beberapa jenis tanaman obat pilihan yang dapat ditanam di pekarangan ataupun lingkungan rumah. Biasanya, tanaman obat yang dipilih adalah tanaman yang digunakan untuk pengobatan pada penyakit ringan seperti demam, batuk, dan pilek. Keberadaan TOGA di lingkungan rumah cukup penting terutama bagi keluarga atau masyarakat yang memiliki akses cukup sulit ke pelayananan medis atau fasilitas kesehatan (Puspitas ari et al , 2021). Salah satu tanaman obat keluarga yang dapat dimanfaatkan dan ditanam masyarakat Desa Bayem adalah kencur. Bahan -bahan yang diperlukan dalam kegiatan penyuluhan pembuatan jamu serbuk ini antara lain adalah simplisia basah kencur, serai dap ur, kayu manis, tepung beras, gula putih, garam, dan air. Sedangkan, peralatan yang digunakan antara lain adalah kompor, wajan, sutel (spatula), tumbukan kayu, gelas ukur, saringan, dan timbangan. Pada dasarnya, bahan dan alat yang digunakan untuk membuat jamu instan beras kencur ini sederhana dan mudah didapatkan Proses pembuatan jamu beras kencur diawali dengan menyiapkan simplisia basah kencur terlebih dahulu. Kencur yang sudah dikupas dan dicuci bersih selanjutnya ditumbuk hingga halus, kemudian ditamb ahkan air. Setelah ditambahkan air, kencur diperas dan diendapkan selama 30 menit. Tujuan pengendapan air perasan kencur ini adalah untuk memisahkan antara air dan sari pati dari kencur itu sendiri. Pemisahan ini dilakukan dengan maksud agar memudahkan pro ses pengkristalan jamu untuk menjadi serbuk nantinya. Setelah proses pengendapan selesai, air hasil endapan dipisahkan dari sari patinya dan diaduk terus menerus di dalam wajan sampai berubah menjadi serbuk. Dalam proses pengadukkan, secara perlahan ditamb ahkan serai dapur dan juga kayu manis. Apabila sudah mendidih, tepung beras, gula pasir, dan garam dimasukkan. Seluruh rangkaian proses pembuatan serbuk jamu beras kencur ini memakan waktu selama kurang lebih tiga jam. Gambar 2. Demonstrasi Pembuatan Jam u Beras Kencur Instan Kegiatan penyuluhan ini memberikan manfaat besar bagi masyarakat desa Bayem dalam memanfaatkan tanaman obat -obatan yang terdapat di sekitar menjadi jamu tradisional dengan kadar penyimpanan yang " 95 W2381190404.pdf 5 "Magnus Alm Rosenblad et al. / MycoKeys 13: 21–33 (2016)26Table 1. Data on the underlying specimens and PCR primers. The already sequenced specimens of Russula and Lactarius were re-sequenced with a different primer pair compared to the extant sequences. Our Philippines specimen of Astraeus sirindhorniae had never been sequenced before, but we used a different primer pair compared to the Astraeus sirindhorniae sequence generated by Phosri et al. (2014) from a Thailand collection. Primer sequences are available in Suppl. material 1B. Species Original entryResequenced entrySpecimen Herbarium CountryOriginal primersResequencing primersITS1 5.8S ITS2 Astraeus sirindhorniae(not sequenced before) KU356730 MA-Fungi 47735 Madrid Phillipines(not sequenced before)ITS5 / ITS4 1–442 443–444 - Lactarius luridus UDB023551 (UNITE) KU356731 TU118993 Tartu Estonia ITS0F / LB-W ITS1F / ITS4b 1–482 483–640 641–896 Russula olivacea UDB016000 (UNITE) KU356732 TU101845 Tartu Estonia ITS0Ft / LB-W ITS1F / ITS4b 1–457 458–615 616–891" 96 W4384921604.pdf 6 "    АКАДЕМІЧНІ ВІЗІЇ Випуск 20/2023 різних джерелах . Крім того , виконання завдань з побудови інфографіки розвиває креативне та логічне мислення . К р е а т и в н і с т ь , а б о к р е а т и в н е м и с л е н н я , ф о р м у є компетентність до генерування нестандартних рішень та ідей , а логічне мислення ‐ до розуміння взаємозв 'язків між складними системами . Важко уявити на сьогоднішній день компетентного лікаря у якого б не були розвинені критичне мислення , цифрова грамотність та креативність . З в а ж а ю ч и н а з а з н а ч е н і а р г у м е н т и , с т а є з р о з у м і л и м , наскільки важливо створювати умови для формування та розвитку н аведених умінь та навичок під час навчання майбутнього лікаря . Висновки Н а ф о р м у в а н н я т а р о з в и т о к у з д о б у в а ч і в о с в і т и з а г а л ь н и х т а ф а х о вих компетентностей значний вплив має ефективна організація самості йної роботи . Одним з методів організації такої робо т и є вико нання за вдан ь зі с т во р енням відповіді на проблемне запитання у вигляді інфографіки , що було застосовано під час вивчення медичної біохімії в Національному медичному університеті імені О.О. Богомольця . В и к о р и с т а н н я т а к и х з а в д а н ь п і д ч а с о с в і т н ь о г о п р о ц е с у д о з в о л я є реалізувати принцип індивідуального підходу , стимулювати пізнавальний інтерес , розвивати креативність , самостійність , критичне та логічного мислення . Вагомим пріоритетом завдань по створенню інфографіки є їхня відповідність принципу академічної доброчесності . Кожна робота індивідуальна , б а г а т о ш а р о в а т а м о ж е м і с т и т и р і з н і складові елементи : г р а ф і к и , с х е м и , ілюстрації , к о л ь о р о в у г а м у , п о с л і д о в н і с т ь розміщення інформації тощо . Вагомою перевагою застосува ння інфографічних завдань є їх проста перевірка . З першого погляду стає зрозуміли м наскільки детально здобувач освіти опанував проблематику питання та зумів логічно поєднати необхідну інформацію . Для створення якісної інфографіки потрібно всебічно вивчити зм іст теми , приділити увагу логічному поєднанню інформації , підібрати візуалізаційний матеріал , персоніфікувати інфографіку , щоб в результаті отримати графічний об ’єкт, який буде інформативним та зрозумілим не тільки автору , а й і н ш и м у ч а с н и к а м о с в і т н ь о г о процесу . В і д т а к , можемо констатувати , що застосування завдань із створення інфографіки в самостійній роботі здобувачів освіти сприяє форму ванню важливих особистісних якостей , таких як гнучкість , тайм‐менеджмент , цифрова та медіаграмотність . Список використаних джерел 1. Карапетян А .О. Особливості навчання представників покоління Z у вищій школі . Наукові записки . С е р і я : П е д а г о г і ч н і н а у к и . 2020. В и п . 186. С. 115 ‐ 120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36550/2415 ‐7988‐2020‐1‐186‐115‐120. 2. Соболь Н . Заклади вищої освіти і покоління Z. Взаємна трансформація . Збірник наукових праць Національної академії Державної прикордонної слу жби України . Серія : П е д а г о г і ч н і н а у к и . 2021. № 4 (27). C. 188 ‐ 201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32453/pedzbirnyk.v27i4.919 . 3. Ломоносова О .Е. Адаптація університетів до особ ливостей підготовки студентів покоління Z д л я п р и й д е ш н ь о ї е к о н о м і к и з н а н ь . Причорноморські економічні студії . 2020. Вип . 56. С. 7 ‐ 15. URL: http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6023 . 4. Шиян А ., Войтович О .М. Оцінка ефективності форм візуалізації навчального матеріалу в курсі “Природничі науки ”. Альманах науки . 2021. № 5 (50), С. 24 ‐ 29. URL: http://almanah.ltd.ua/save/2021/5%20%2850%29/5.pdf . 5. Дегтярьова Г . Візуалізація як важливий засіб ефективної комунікації в процес і навчання . Соціальні комунікації : Теорія і практика . 2020. 1 (10). С. 93 ‐ 110. URL: https://new.comteka.com.ua/index. php/journal/article/view/36/21 ." 97 W2900439350.pdf 5 "Molecules 2018 ,23, 2943 6 of 14 Table 4. Therapeutic index of synthetic peptides. Analog IdentificationMIC (M)MHC (M)Therapeutic Index (TI) E. coli S. aureus E. coli S. aureus P1-Ll-1577 20 40.5 640 32 15.8 P2-Ll-1298 24.6 49 320 13 6.5 P3-Ll-2085 15 15 40 2.7 2.7 MHC: minimal hemolytic concentration, MIC: minimal inhibitory concentration. 2.5. Secondary Structure Determination by Circular Dichroism (CD) The CD spectra of the analogs are shown in Figure 4. Spectra were collected in four distinct environments: water, trifluoroethanol (TFE)/water (50% v/v), and in the presence of DPPG or DPPC vesicles. Molecules 2018 , 23, x 6 of 14 All the analogs showed a therapeutic index ( TI) over 1 (Table 4 ), meaning that total hemolysis is not achieved at the MIC . P1-Ll-1577 showed exciting TI values, especially for E. coli . The lowest TI value was obtained with P3 -Ll-2085, comparable with that of toxins such as melitin, for which TI values of 0.6 against Gram (+) and Gram ( −) bacteria have been reported [35]. Table 4. Therapeutic index of synthetic peptides. Analog Identification MIC (μM) MHC (μM) Therapeutic Index (TI) E. coli S. aureus E. coli S. aureus P1-Ll-1577 20 40.5 640 32 15.8 P2-Ll-1298 24.6 49 320 13 6.5 P3-Ll-2085 15 15 40 2.7 2.7 MHC: minimal hemolytic concentration, MIC: minimal inhibitory concentration . 2.5. Secondary Structure Determination by Circular Dichroism (CD) The CD spectra of the analogs are sho wn in Figure 4. Spectra were collected in four distinct environments: water, trif luoro ethanol (TFE)/water (50% v/v), and in the presence of DPPG or DPPC vesicles. Figure 4. Circular dichroism spectra of synthetic analogs. (A) water, (B) TFE/ H2O (50%, v/v) (C) DPPG, (D) DPPC. Peptide concentration: 0.2 mg /mL. The CD spectra show ed that none of the compounds adopt ed a preferential conformation in water , which is consistent with the presence of a minimum at 198 nm. In the presence of TFE, P3 -Ll- 2085 adopt ed a helical conformation, an observation consistent with the presence of two minimums at 205–207 nm and 215 –220 nm and a maximum at 195 nm. Deconvolution spectra by SELCON and CONTILL methods indicated more than 70% helical structure for P3 -Ll-2085. P2 -Ll-1298 also showed contributions of α -helix, while P1 -Ll-1577, although present ing contributions of turn structure, was less order ed in the presence of TFE (percentage of an unordered structure high er than 40%). In the presence of DPPG vesicles (Figure 4C), P3-Ll-2085 and P2 -Ll-1298 adopt ed a helical structure. Nevertheless, the higher molar ellipticity values registered for the former , together with slight shifts of the positions of the minima , indicate further stabilization of the helix about the latter . The spectra deconvolution of P3 -Ll-2085 and P2 -Ll-1298 by SELCON 3 and CONTILL show ed contribution s of α-helix of over 70% and 50% , respectively . Figure 4. Circular dichroism spectra of synthetic analogs. ( A) water, ( B) TFE/ H2O (50%, v/v) (C) DPPG, ( D) DPPC. Peptide concentration: 0.2 mg/mL. The CD spectra showed that none of the compounds adopted a preferential conformation in water, which is consistent with the presence of a minimum at 198 nm. In the presence of TFE, P3-Ll-2085 adopted a helical conformation, an observation consistent with the presence of two minimums at 205–207 nm and 215–220 nm and a maximum at 195 nm. Deconvolution spectra by SELCON and CONTILL methods indicated more than 70% helical structure for P3-Ll-2085. P2-Ll-1298 also showed contributions of -helix, while P1-Ll-1577, although presenting contributions of turn structure, was less ordered in the presence of TFE (percentage of an unordered structure higher than 40%). In the presence of DPPG vesicles (Figure 4C), P3-Ll-2085 and P2-Ll-1298 adopted a helical structure. Nevertheless, the higher molar ellipticity values registered for the former, together with slight shifts of the positions of the minima, indicate further stabilization of the helix about the latter. The spectra deconvolution of P3-Ll-2085 and P2-Ll-1298 by SELCON 3 and CONTILL showed contributions of -helix of over 70% and 50%, respectively. P1-Ll-1577 did not interact with DPPG vesicles, an observation that can be explained by its anionic character (net charge of " 98 W4391647546.pdf 1 " 97 | rcf-Indonesia.org primer dengan menggunakan beberapa teknik sebagai berikut: a. Wawancara Yaitu dengan mengajukan pertanyaan kepada pi hak terkait untuk mendapatkan informasi yang dibutuhkan. b. Obsevasi Observasi adalah melakukan pengamatan secara langsung di tempat penelitian untuk mengatahui secara jelas dan rinci tentang permasalahan yang ada. 2. Penelitian Pustaka ( Library Research ) Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan buku -buku yang berhubungan dengan pemecahan masalah dalam menunjang penyelesaian penulisan laporan ini. Adapun sumber tersebut didapatkan dari arsip -arsip yang ada pada data tersebut 3. Pengujian Siste m Pada bagian pengujian program ini akan dijelaskan mengenai penggunaan dari aplikasi yang dibuat. Penjelasan aplikasi yang dibuat meliputi tampilan aplikasi, fungsi control dalam aplikasi, serta cara penggunaannya. Pada sub bab akan dijelaskan tentang pen ggunaan apliaksi per sistem menu, mulai dari tampilan menu utama, fungsi dan cara penggunaannya sampai selesai. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Tampilan Halaman Login Halaman login merupakan halaman yang akan ditampilkan pertama kali masuk ke menu. Halaman ini be risikan menu login yang akan digunakan pengguna untuk masuk ke dalam system dengan perintah localhost/reservasi/login.php dan admin harus menginputkan email dan password terlebih dahulu, seperti yang terlihat pada Gambar 1. Gambar 1. Halaman Login 4.1 Ta mpilan Halaman Utama Halaman utama adalah tampilan halaman awal admin setelah melakukan proses login. Halaman ini nantinya akan menampilkan menu -menu pilihan yang akan digunakan untuk melihat data data kamar pada sistem pendukung 3.2. Form Data Kamar Form data kamar merupakan form yang digunakan oleh bagian admin untuk melihat jumlah kamar dan harga . 3.3. Form Data pengguna Form data pengguna admin bisa melihat pengguna yg pernah memesan kamar, seperti yang terlihat pada Gambar 2. Gambar 2. Halaman Form Data pengguna 3.4. Form Transaksi Pending Form transaksi pending ketika pengguna telah melakukan pemesan kamar akan tetapi belom di confirmasi oleh admin, seperti yang terlihat pada Gambar 3 Gambar 3. 11 Form Pending 3.5. Form Transaksi Confirm Form transaksi con firm admin dapat melihat data pengguna yang sudah di konfirmasikan pemesanannya seperti yang terlihat pada Gambar 4. " 99 W4383292599.pdf 18 "Tomczak, I., and Pétri, J.: A&A 676, A128 (2023) (a) (b) (c) (d) Fig. 27. Lorentz factor distribution of protons trapped around neutron stars with an inclination of =60(a),=90(b),=120(c), and =150(d). Radiation reaction was enabled. found that = 60E2 q!1=4 = q Ek m c rL re˜2!1=4 : (14) This last expression uses quantities without dimensions, such as ˜==rL, and the electric strength parameter, with rebeing the electron classical radius and Ek= Eas the accelerating elec- tric field. In our case, we applied the expression to millisecond pulsars and got =107:5, which is only a guess because the curvature radius can be very di erent from that on the stellar surface. The true curvature is found from the velocity vector derivative such that =1 = dv c2dt : (15) This expression accurately captures the local curvature radius  along the trajectory. Therefore, by following the Lorentz factor from the Landau-Lifshitz approximation and comparing it to the radiation reaction limit estimate as given by Eq. (14), we show that the latter always finds higher Lorentz factors, see Fig. 21. To check that the results converged, several di erent time step integration parameters were used, two times as well as five times smaller without noticeable changes. Thus, our results have con- verged and are robust. We note that the Lorentz factors of trapped particles span a large range from almost rest 10 to .108. This does not necessarily mean that they always experience strong radia- tion damping. Indeed, the Lorentz factor variation is two-fold in this electromagnetic field environment. First, the radiation reac- tion decelerates the particles from a very high Lorentz factor of 1012" 100 W4214665561.pdf 2 "Cells 2022 ,11, 834 3 of 5 Maria Ankarcrona et al. [ 21] deals with an emerging aspect in neurodegeneration which is the altered communication between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mito- chondria. The authors reported an increased juxtaposition between ER and mitochondria in the brain of different AD mouse models, in primary neurons from these mice, as well as in wild-type neurons treated with A . Importantly, the potentiated inter-organelle tethering found in these cells is linked to dysfunctions in autophagy and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Ultimately, three different papers analyzed the role played by presenilin 2 (PS2), one of the three mutated proteins causing familial AD (FAD), in determining, by multiple means, neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Firstly, Giulia Rigotto et al. [ 22] investigated possible mitochondrial alterations in neurons from FAD-PS2 mice, as a key mechanism for neurodegeneration. They found defects in mitochondrial respiration, organelle membrane potential and Ca2+handling in AD neurons under mild stress that were partially rescued by an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, proposing the latter as a possible tuneable target to potentiate mitochondrial and cellular function in AD. Alice Rossi et al. [ 23] investigated the role of endogenous PS2 in neuronal function, by using knock-out (KO) animals for the protein. They showed that PS2-KO primary cortical neurons present a decreased ER-mitochondria coupling and a blunted mitochondrial Ca2+signal upon neuronal stimulation, as well as a slight alteration in organelle respiration, confirming the key role played by PS2 in keeping mitochondrial health. Moreover, the paper by Michela Rossini et al. [ 24] identified the domain of PS2 which is involved in the previously described capacity of the protein to reinforce ER-mitochondria coupling. Specifically, the sole cytosolic loop of PS2, when targeted to the mitochondrial surface, was able to counteract the activity of FAD-PS2 mutants on organelle tethering, proving itself as a possible tool for recovering FAD-PS2-associated alterations linked to this signaling axis. Last, but not least, two interesting reviews present different tools and animal mod- els available for studying Ca2+signaling in neuronal physiology and during aging and neurodegeneration. The first, by Nelly Redolfi et al. [ 25], is an overview of the most used model organisms employed for Ca2+imaging in brain research, from D. melanogaster to C. elegans , from different transgenic mouse models to zebrafish lines, underlining their specific applications in the field. The review by Javier Alvarez, Mayte Montero and collabo- rators [ 26], instead, focuses only on C. elegans , presenting all the advantages in using the nematode as a model organism to understand in vivo the role of Ca2+signaling in aging and neurodegeneration, being transparent throughout its life, and thus suitable for the expression of Ca2+fluorescent probes, and presenting gene mutations linked to different neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to the importance of better defining the early events leading to neurode- generation, a key step in the effort of preventing the onset of blocking the progression of neurodegenerative disorders is the development of methods and tools for an early and precise diagnosis. Indeed, one of the reasons underlying the lack of success of several clinical trials is likely a tardive patient recruitment, i.e., when the symptoms are evident and the degenerative process is already irremediable. In this context, the use of free-water imaging to detect and distinguish neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation in the white and grey matter of PD patients, as shown by Koji Kamagata and co-workers [ 27], appears promising. Similarly, in a FAD mouse model, the finding of early (i.e., before amyloid deposition), specific patterns of alterations in brain electrical activity suggests the possibility to use this tool for an early AD diagnosis, as presented by Cristina Fasolato and collaborators [ 28]. Moreover, in the paper by Lu Zhao et al. [ 29], the introduction of novel tools to investigate in vitro and in vivo the activation of specific cell pathways, such as the pHluorin-BACE1-mCherry reporter for BACE1 distribution and activity, appears of utmost importance to screen possible therapeutic candidates. In conclusion, this Special Issue provides new molecular advice to sketch a better scenario for understanding aging processes and neurodegenerative events, stimulating further research for the development of early and efficient therapeutic interventions for related pathologies." 101 W2125343127.pdf 8 "Molecules 2006 , 11 747 To a 250 mL stainless reactor, were added a magnetic stir bar, L-isoleucine (5.009 g, 38.2 mmol) and thiourea (5.836 g, 76.8 mmol). After sealing, the reactor was immersed halfway into an oil bath preheated to 195ºC, and stirred magnetically. At differe nt intervals, the metal reactor was taken out of oil bath and the contents sampled to monitor the completion of reaction by TLC. When the reaction was complete, water was added into the reactor to wash out the resulting product, which was purified in a similar way to that described in the oil bath treatment to afford 5.65 g of ( S)-5-sec-butyl-2- thiohydantoin (86% yield). As it was very difficult and inconvenient to monitor the reaction under these conditions, no further reactions of thiourea with other amino acids were carried out using this setup. Table 3. NMR data of prepared 2-thiohydantoins.* Compound NMR data Gly-thiohydantoin 1H-NMR (DMSO-d 6, 303K): 4.03 (dd, J 1=14.67, J 2=6.54 Hz, 2 H, α-H), 9.80 (s, 1H, NH), 11.61 (s, 1 H, NH); 13C-NMR (DMSO-d 6, 303K): 54.21 ( α-C), 178.40, 187.38. Ala-thiohydantoin 1H-NMR (DMSO-d 6, 303K): 1.22 (d, J=6.14 Hz, 3 H, β-H on Me), 4.01 (q, J=6.15 Hz, 1 H, α-H), 9.05 (s, 1 H, NH), 10.56 (s, 1 H, NH); 13C-NMR (DMSO-d 6, 303K): 21.75 (β-C), 51.19 ( α-C), 181.17, 186.00. Val-thiohydantoin 1H-NMR (DMSO-d 6, 303K): 0.83 (d, J=6.79 Hz, 3 H, Me), 0.97 (d, J=6.95 Hz, 3 H, Me), 2.02-2.08 (m, 1 H, β-H), 4.10 (d, J=3.39 Hz, 1 H, α-H), 9.99 (s, 1 H, NH), 11.60 (s, 1 H, NH); 13C-NMR (DMSO-d 6, 303K): 20.05 ( γ-C), 22.20 ( γ-C), 33.93 ( β-C), 69.73 (α-C), 179.85, 186.91. Leu-thiohydantoin 1H-NMR (acetone-d 6, 280K): 0.97 (d, J=6.64 Hz, 6 H, 2Me), 1.63-1.68 (m, 2 H, β-H), 1.91-1.98 (m, 1 H, γ-H), 4.34 (dd, J 1=8.58, J 2=5.22 Hz, 1 H, α-H), 9.14 (s, 1 H, NH), 10.63 (s, 1 H, NH); 13C-NMR (acetone-d 6, 280K): 12.08 (Me), 13.69 (Me), 15.51 ( γ- C), 31.28 ( β-C), 50.76 ( α-C), 167.23, 174.04. Ile-thiohydantoin ( S,S)- and ( R,S)-diasteromeric mixtures in a ratio of 1.38:1; 1H-NMR (acetone-d 6, 298K): 0.89 (d, J=6.78 Hz, β-Me, 1.9 H), 0.93 (t, J=7.50 Hz, δ-Me, 1.1 H), 0.97 (t, J =7.38 Hz, δ-Me, 1.6 H), 1.04 (d, J=6.96 Hz, β-Me, 1.40 H), 1.30-1.43 (m, γ-H, 1H), 1.48-1.60 (m, γ-H, 1H), 4.28 (d, J=3.66 Hz, H-5, 0.42 H), 4.34 (d, J=3.18 Hz, H-5, 0.59 H), 8.96 (s, 1 H, NH), 10.55 (s, 1 H, NH); 13C-NMR (acetone-d 6, 298K): 2.17 (Me), 2.30 (Me), 3.92 (Me), 5.48 (Me), 14.84 ( γ-C), 16.78 ( γ-C), 28.16 ( β-C), 28.24 (β-C), 55.91 (C-5), 56.75 (C-5), 166.18, 166.67, 174.29, 174.61. Met-thiohydantoin 1H-NMR (DMSO-d 6, 303K): 1.81-1.86 (m, 1H, β-H), 1.93-1.97 (m, 1 H, β-H), 2.05 (d, J=0.82 Hz, 3 H, Me), 2.54-2.57 (m, 2 H, γ-H), 4.30 (dd, J 1=6.75, J 2=6.06 Hz, 1 H, α-H); 13C-NMR (DMSO-d 6, 303K): 18.38 (Me), 32.56 ( γ-C), 34.21 ( β-C), 63.45 ( α- C), 180.21, 186.49. Phe-thiohydantoin 1H-NMR (acetone-d 6, 280K): 3.09 (dd, J 1=14.20, J 2=5.92 Hz, 1 H, β-H), 3.21 (dd, J 1= 14.15, J 2=4.7 Hz, 1 H, β-H), 4.63 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1 H, α-H), 7.24-7.31 (m, 5 H, Ph), 9.10 (s, 1 H, NH), 10.47 (s, 1 H, NH); 13C-NMR (acetone-d 6, 280K): 27.58 ( β-C), 53.40 ( α- C), 118.24 (Ph), 119.59 (Ph), 120.97 (Ph), 126.58 (Ph), 166.12, 174.15. " 102 W3046092592.pdf 9 "[4]Ronald J. Gould, Advances on the Hamiltonian problem –a survey , Graph Combin. 19(2003 ),7–52, DOI: 10.1007/s00373 - 002 -0492 -x. [5]Genghua Fan, New sufficient conditions for cycles in graph , J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 37 (1984 ), no. 3, 221 –227, DOI: 10.1016/0095 -8956 (84)90054 -6. [6]Igor Fabrici, Erhard Hexel, and Stanislav Jendro ’,On vertices enforcing a hamiltonian cycle , Discuss. Math. Graph Theory 33 (2013 ), no. 1, 71 –89, DOI: 10.7151/dmgt.1653. [7]Xinhong Zhang, Ruijuan Li, and Shengjia Li, H-force sets of locally semicomplete digraphs , Discrete Appl. Math. 160 (2012 ), no. 16 –17, 2491 –2496, DOI: 10.1016/j.dam.2012.06.014. [8]Ruijuan Li, Xinhong Zhang, Shengjia Li, Qiaoping Guo, and Yubao Guo, The H -force set of a hypertournament , Discrete Appl. Math. 169 (2014 ), 168 –175, DOI: 10.1016/j.dam.2013.12.020. [9]Oystein Ore, Note on Hamilton circuits , Amer. Math. Monthly 67 (1960 ), no. 1, 55, DOI: 10.2307/2308928. [10]Gabriel Andrew Dirac, Some theorems on abstract graphs , Proc. London Math. Soc. s3-2(1952 ), no. 1, 69 –81, DOI: 10.1112/plms/s3 -2.1.69.780 Xinhong Zhang and Ruijuan Li" 103 W1994608847.pdf 7 "Scientific Research Publishing (SCIRP) is one of the largest Open Access journal publishers. It is currently publishing more than 200 open access, online, peer- reviewed journals covering a wide range of academic disciplines. SCIRP serves the worldwide academic communities and contributes to the progress and application of science with its publication. Other selected journals from SCIRP are listed as below. Submit your manuscript to us via e ither submit@scirp.org or Online Submission Portal . " 104 W4391260508.pdf 1 "Jurnal Magistrorum Et Scholarium, Volume 0 4 Nomor 0 1, Agustus 2023, 48-56 49 PENDAHULUAN Masyarakat di era Society 5.0 menjadi sebuah kelompok masyarakat yang tidak bisa lepas dari teknologi dan internet. Teknologi dan internet telah menjadi sebuah kebutuhan. Teknologi dan internet telah menjadi bagian integral dari kehidupan sehari -hari yang memfasilitasi komunikasi, pen didikan, dan hiburan (Kurniasanti et al., 2019) . Hal ini terjadi di semua kalangan usia, dari usia dini hingga usia lanjut, termasuk juga usia remaja. Terutama bagi para remaja dengan kebutuhan relasi sosial, menyebabkan mudahnya seseorang lebih merasa nyaman dan santai bila melakukan hubungan melalui internet (Saragih, 2020) . Adanya Pandemi Covid -19 juga semakin melekatkan kehidupan dengan teknologi dan internet. Adanya peningkatan frekuensi dan durasi penggunaan interne t untuk hiburan, hingga menyebabkan pola pengaturan waktu yang tidak teratur bagi seseorang yang menyebabkan berubahnya waktu bekerja, dan atau kece nderungan begadang. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan tindakan preventif dan penguatan bagi seluruh masyarakat te rutama anak -anak dan remaja yang telah melalui masa pandemi sehingga mampu mengelola waktu (Dong et al., 2020) . Salah satu tantangan besar yang harus dihadapi remaja saat ini ialah terbukanya arus informasi yang luas serta tidak ada batasan untuk mengaksesnya. Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi sedang mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat yang bi sa dirasakan akhir -akhir ini. Meningkatnya penggunaan gadget berupa smartphone serta alat -alat yang dapat dengan mudah terkoneksi dengan internet menjadi pertanda perkembangan tersebut . Di sisi lain, melalui internet juga remaja mendapatkan informasi dan h al baru yang terkadang tidak sesuai dengan budaya Indonesia sehingga hal tersebut menjadi kurang sesuai dengan konteks remaja Indonesia apabila remaja tidak mengolah informasi secara tepat (Desiningrum et al., 2017) . Menurut survey Badan Pusa t Statistik (BPS) bekerjasama dengan Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII) mencatat bahwa angka pertumbuhan pengguna gawai di Indonesia hingga akhir tahun 2021 mencapai 196,7 juta orang dari total 256,2 juta penduduk Indonesia. Penggunaan internet sebagian besar perangkat yang paling sering digunakan untuk mengakses internet ialah gawai sebanyak 47,6%, mengakses internet menggunakan komputer 1,7% dan 50,7% menggunakan perangkat gawai dan komputer (Pratiwi et al., 2022) . Perkembangan teknologi pada era digital ini tidak dapat dipungkiri sangat pesat adanya. Salah satu produk perkembangan teknologi yang saat ini digemari remaja adalah game online berbasis internet . Semest inya game online dimanfaatkan untuk hiburan tetapi yang terjadi game online dimainkan secara berlebihan, digunakan sebagai tempat untuk melarikan diri dari realitas kehidupan sehingga yang terjadi adalah kecanduan game online . Hal ini akan berakibat buruk terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan remaja. Dengan demikian remaja perlu diberikan upaya pe ncegahan terhadap kecanduan internet yang berupa game online (Novrialdy, 2019) . Kecanduan gadget adalah suatu kelekatan yang kompleks pada penggunaan gadget, yang menyebabkan ketegantungan individu tersebut yang dapat merugikan kondisi tubuhnya (Alrasheed & Aprianti, 2016) . Penggunaan teknologi dan internet berlebihan dapat mengarah kepada kecenderungan kecanduan yang menimbulkan efek sosial (Cho u et al, 2005). Efek sosial ini sangat beragam mulai dari efek di bidang akademik, hubungan sosial, keuangan, dan pekerjaan. Apabila tidak ditangani secara serius akan membuat individu lebih menyukai dunia maya dibanding dunia" 105 W2751812234.pdf 0 "ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Illicit Drug Use Among Gym-Goers: a Cross- sectional Study of Gym-Goers in Sweden Yasmina Molero1,2*, Ann-Sofie Bakshi1and Johanna Gripenberg1 Abstract Background: The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids has increased among gym-goers, and it has been proposed that this may be part of a polysubstance use pattern that includes the use of illicit drugs. Still, epidemiological data on illicit drug use among gym-goers of both genders are meager. The aim of the present study was thus to examine the use of illicit drugs and its correlates in a large sample of men and women who engaged in weight training at gyms across Sweden. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1969 gym-goers who engaged in weight training in 54 gyms across Sweden were invited to fill in a questionnaire. The questionnaire included 25 items on background variables, weight training frequency, use of illicit drugs and doping substances, and non-medical use of benzodiazepines. Results: Of the gym-goers, 19.6% reported having ever used illicit drugs, 6.5% reported use during the past 12 months, and 2.1% during the past 30 days. The most commonly used drug was cannabis, followed by cocaine, amphetamine, and ecstasy. Almost 40% of those who reported drug use had used more than one drug. Male participants and participants between 20 and 39 years of age made up the majority of users. Furthermore, 5.1% of the reported drug users had ever used a doping substance. There was an almost threefold higher odds (OR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.16 –7.66, p< 0.023) of doping use among people who had reported drug use as compared to non-users. Conclusions: Training at gyms is typically considered a health-promoting behavior. However, our results revealed a slightly higher prevalence of illicit drug use among gym attendees as compared to the general population. Our findings may have captured an underrecognized group of young adult males who engage in weightlifting and use illicit drugs recreationally and/or as training aids. Developing knowledge is imperative in orientating preventive efforts among at-risk gym-goers. Trial Registration: ISRCTN11655041 Keywords: Illicit drug use, Gym-goers, Anabolic-androgenic steroids, Cross-sectional study, Drug prevalence Key Points /C15Approximately one in five gym-goers report use of illicit drugs, most commonly cannabis and stimulants. The rates of drug use are higher among young adult males. /C15Illicit drug use appears to be associated with the use of doping substances./C15Gyms could provide an innovative setting for intervention and prevention efforts targeting doping and illicit drug use, because such establishments already deal with health promotion. Background Research shows that 65% of citizens in the European Union exercise at least once a week. Among this group, 30% exercise at sport clubs such as gyms and fitness centers [1]. In the USA, approximately 21% of adults re- ported exercising regularly [2], and more than 55 million memberships were purchased at health clubs and fitness centers in 2015 [3]. Exercise is a health-promoting activ- ity associated with several benefits, including reduced* Correspondence: yasmina.molero.samuelson@ki.se 1STAD, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-1113-64 Stockholm, Sweden 2Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Molero et al. Sports Medicine - Open (2017) 3:31 DOI 10.1186/s40798-017-0098-8" 106 W4386540465.pdf 0 "CORRECTION OPEN Correction: Time-restricted eating with calorie restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis Jing-Chao Sun, Zhen-Tao Tan, Chao-Jie He, Hui-Lin Hu, Chang-Lin Zhai and Gang Qian © The Author(s) 2023 European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2023) 77:1100; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-023-01341-4 Correction to: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41430-023-01311-w , published online 24 July 2023 In the original article, the funding grant number ‘LGF21H020006 ’ was given incorrectly as ‘LGF21H090017 ’. The original article has been corrected.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation,distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriatecredit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commonslicense, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article ’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article ’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutoryregulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directlyfrom the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . © The Author(s) 2023 Published online: 8 September 2023www.nature.com/ejcn European Journal of Clinical Nutrition1234567890();,:" 107 W4247125519.pdf 0 "J Clin Exp Dent. 2020;12(1):e98-102. Cancer related with dental rehabilitatione98Journal section: Oral Medicine and Pathology Publication Types: Case Report Squamous cell carcinoma related with dental implants. A clinical cases report Francisco Granados, Leonor Santos-Ruiz, Marian Contreras, Jose Mellado, Gregorio Martin, Lucas Bermudo, Francisco Ruiz, Yolanda Aguilar, Ignacio Yáñez University General Hospital of Málaga. Plaza de Hospital Civil, Málaga Correspondence: University General Hospital of Málaga Plaza de Hospital Civil, Málaga, 29009 dr.granados@gmail.com Received: 05/06/2019 Accepted: 07/10/2019 Abstract One third of all cases of head and neck carcinoma (CA) concern the oral mucosa. The use of dental implants (DI) for dental rehabilitation is widely extended. However, a few studies have reported some cases with neoplasic al - terations, among the tissue surrounding implants. Our aim was to analyze possible alterations at the bone-implant interface in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), providing new evidence that could relate or discard a possible link between these factors. We used, for the first time, different techniques, including electron microsco - py and histology, to analyze the implant ́s surface and the surrounding tissue from four clinical cases with neoplasic alterations surrounding DI. Histologically, ample inflammatory tissue was found in direct contact with the implant surface. Surface analysis of this tissue, revealed titanium percentages. According to our study, no oncological rela - tion with deterioration of the implant surface was found, although DI were constantly related with peri-implantitis, a chronic trauma of the oral mucosa that could involve a neoplastic factor. Key words: Dental implants, carcinoma, peri-implantitis.doi:10.4317/jced. 55964 https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.55964 Introduction Head and neck cancer constitutes 3-5% of all malignan - cies, with 33% appearing over the oral mucosa, repre - senting the most frequent histological type accounting for 90% of all cancers in the oral cavity (1). CA of the oral mucosa mainly affects men from the age of 50 years and is related to chronic tobacco and alcohol consump - tion, risk factors that are time and dose dependent. Ne - vertheless, recent years have seen an increase in this type of cancer among younger patients without these two classical risk factors. Thus, new risk factors are be - ing sought to discover links with the carcinogenesis of SCC of the oral mucosa, such as certain agents that are irritant to the oral mucosa, like poor oral hygiene, poor dentition, ill-fitting dentures and missing teeth with the corresponding dental implants(DI) as mentioned by sin - ghvi et al. and Mendes et al. (2,3). Since the introduction of DI around 50 years ago (Bra - nemark, 1965), DI have been used as a rehabilitation technique in patients treated for CA of the oral muco -Article Number: 55964 http://www.medicinaoral.com/odo/indice.htm © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F . B 96689336 - eISSN: 1989-5488 eMail: jced@jced.es Indexed in: Pubmed Pubmed Central® (PMC) Scopus DOI® System Granados F, Santos-Ruiz L, Contreras M, Mellado J, Martin G, Bermudo L, Ruiz F, Aguilar Y, Yáñez I. Squamous cell carcinoma related with dental implants. A clinical cases report. J Clin Exp Dent. 2020;12(1):e98-102. http://www.medicinaoral.com/odo/volumenes/v12i1/jcedv12i1p98.pdf" 108 W2467806903.pdf 7 " 250 | Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2016, 6(2), 243 -250 Polymeropoulos et al. disease in smokers: Vitamin C restores coronary microcirculatory function. Circulation 2000;102(11):1233 -8. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.102.11.1233 51. Solzbach U, Hornig B, Jeserich M, Just H. Vitamin C improves endothelial dysfunction of epicardial coronary arteries in hypertensive patients. Circulation 1997;96( 5):1513 -9. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.96.5.1513 52. Shiroshita -Takeshita A, Schram G, Lavoie J, Nattel S. Effect of simvastatin and antioxidant vitamins on atrial fibrillation promotion by atrial -tachycardia remodeling in dogs. Circulation 2004;110(16):2313 - 9. do i: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000145163.56529.D1 53. Imazio M, Brucato A, Ferrazzi P, Pullara A, Adler Y, Barosi A, et al. Colchicine for Prevention of Postpericardiotomy Syndrome and postoperative atrial fibrillation: The COPPS -2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014 ;312(10):1016 -23. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.11026 54. Imazio M, Brucato A, Ferrazzi P, Rovere ME, Gandino A, Cemin R, et al. Colchicine reduces postoperative atrial fibrillation: Results of the Colchicine for the Prevention of the Postpericardiotomy Syndrome (COPPS) atrial fibrillation substudy. Circulation 2011;124(21):2290 - 5. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.026153 55. Jacob KA, Nathoe HM, Dieleman JM, van Osch D, Kluin J, van Dijk D. Inflammation in new -onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: A syst ematic review. Eur J Clin Invest 2014;44(4):402 -28. doi: 10.1111/eci.12237 56. Ramlawi B, Otu H, Mieno S, Boodhwani M, Sodha NR, Clements RT, et al. Oxidative stress and atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: A case -control study. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84(4):1166 -72; discussion 72 -3. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.04.126 57. Buettner GR, Moseley PL. EPR spin trapping of free radicals produced by bleomycin and ascorbate. Free Radic Res Commun 1993;19 Suppl 1:S89 -93. doi: 10.3109/10715769309056s89 58. Pada yatty SJ, Katz A, Wang Y, Eck P, Kwon O, Lee JH, et al. Vitamin C as an antioxidant: Evaluation of its role in disease prevention. J Am Coll Nutr 2003;22(1):18 -35. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2003.10719272 " 109 W2810344446.pdf 17 "______. O emprego na globalização: a nova divisão internacional do trabalho e os caminhos que o Brasil escolheu. São Paulo: Boitempo Editorial, 2001. (Mundo do Trabalho). ______. O fenômeno do desemprego no Brasil: diagnóstico e perspectivas. Campinas: [s.n.], 1999a. ______. Os velhos e novos problemas do mercado de trabalho brasileiro nos anos 90. LACERDA, Antônio Correia de (Org.). (Des)emprego e globalização: avaliação e perspectivas. São Paulo: EDUC, 1998d. p. 42-65. (Cadernos PUC Economia,7) POSTHUMA, A. C.; LEITE, M. P. Reestruturação produtiva e qualificação: reflexões sobre a experiência brasileira. In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ESTUDOS DO TRABALHO, 4, 1995, São Paulo. Anais... Rio de Janeiro, 1995, p.403-436. [1] Este artigo é fruto da minha tese de doutorado, produzida no Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Sociais, na linha de pesquisa “Trabalho, Subjetividade e Condições de Vida”. [2] Professora Assistente do Departamento de Educação I da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal da Bahia. [3] O Consenso de Washington é hoje um conjunto, abrangente, de regras de condicionalidade aplicadas de forma cada vez mais padronizada aos diversos países e regiões do mundo, para obter o apoio político e econômico dos governos centrais e dos organismos internacionais. Trata-se também de políticas macroeconômicas de estabilização acompanhadas de reformas estruturais liberalizantes. [4] Merecem destaque os textos de Elenice Leite: Questões Críticas da Educação Brasileira e Educação Profissional: um projeto para o desenvolvimento sustentado, 1995; PLANFOR: trabalho e empregabilidade; PLANFOR: formando o cidadão produtivo; Sistema Público de Emprego e Educação Profissional: implementação de uma política integrada; Educação Profissional no Brasil: construindo uma nova institucionalidade. E também os do Ministério do Trabalho: PLANFOR: termos de referência dos projetos especiais e PLANFOR: termos de referência dos programas de educação profissional, de 1996. PLANFOR: avanço conceitual/termos de referência, 1996; PALNFOR 1996/99: avanço gerencial, 1997. [5] Cf. www.mtb.gov.br/sppe/caged/esta/2000/est1200/tab1.htm volta Página 18 de 19 O PLANO DE QUALIFICAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DO TRABALHADOR 11/9/2008 file://C:\Documents and Settings\Administrador\Meus documentos\Minhas Webs\NED..." 110 W2170343059.pdf 3 "E.R. Grela et al. 239 temperature: 160°C; detector temperature: 160°C; other gases: hydrogen and oxygen. Lipid quality indices, i.e. the atherogenicity index (AI) and thrombogenicity index (TI), were calculated according to the Ulbricht and Southgate (1991) equations: AI = [(4 × C14:0) + C16:0] / [n-6PUFA + n-3 PUFA + MUFA] TI = [C14:0 + C16:0 + C18:0] / [(0.5× MUFA) + (0.5 × n-6PUFA) + (3 × n-3PUFA) + n-3/n-6 UFA]. The hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolae - mic ratio (h/H) was obtained according to Fernán - dez et al. (2007): h/H = (C18:1 + C18:2 + C18:3 + C20:3 +C20:4+ C20:5 + C22:4 + C22:5 + C22:6) / (C14:0 + C16:0). Extracted egg fat was assayed for total cho - lesterol content by the Washburn and Nix method (1974). Homogenates from egg yolks were also ana - lysed for lipid peroxidation products, i.e. lipid per - oxide content according to Gay and Gebicki (2002) and malondialdehyde according to Botsoglou et al. (1994). Malondialdehyde was determined based on the reaction of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) with lipid peroxidation end products in an acid environment and increased temperature to generate a coloured adduct. To eliminate quantities of complex series of adducts from TBA, the assay is run in the presence of inhibitors, e.g., BHT. The activity of an antioxidative enzyme, super - oxide dismutase (SOD), was determined spectro - photometrically in extracted eggs using the adrena - line method (according to Misra, in: Greenwald, 1985) with a modification in wavelength, i.e. at 320 nm. This method was modified to achieve greater selectivity of intermediate reaction products at this wavelength. SOD activity was determined measur - ing the rate of auto-oxidation of adrenaline at 30°C on the basis of the increase of absorbance at 320 nm (which corresponds to monitoring the increase in the concentration of various products of adrenaline oxidation). The activity of catalase (CAT) was de - termined according to Claiborne (1985). The assay consisted of measuring the substrate (hydrogen per - oxide) decomposition rate catalysed by this enzyme. Statistical analysis Statistical computations were carried out using STATISTICA Ver 5.1.G software (1996). For all analysed dependent variables, one-way analysis of variance, ANOV A, was conducted according to the following model: yij = μ + αi + eij where: μ – total mean, αi – stable effect of i-th addi - tive for i = 0, 1, 2, 3 (for control i = 0), eij– random error has normal distribution N (0,2σ). Results Average egg production (EP) during the study equalled 92%. No significant differences between groups or terms of study were found (Table 3). The physicochemical parameters of eggs (Table 3) indi - cated that the addition of 1.5% and 3.0% LPC to the hen feeds had no effect on the quality traits of the eggs. In turn, the study demonstrated a significant increase in the yolk colour intensity of eggs laid by hens receiving feed mixtures with 1.5% and 3.0% LPC, i.e. increases by 1.57 pts (D-1) and 1.2 pts (D-2), respectively, compared with the control group, in which egg yolk colour was assessed at 7.06 pts in the La’Roche’s scale. The analysis of egg yolks (Table 4) did not reveal any significant effect of LPC on their fat and cholesterol contents. The supplement also did not significantly influence the fatty acid profile of egg yolks, with exception of a increased n-6 PUFA content. This increase resulted in a higher (P ≤ 0.05) n-6/n-3 ratio in comparison with the control (Table 5). These dependencies were observed in the yolk fat of eggs collected both in week 33 as well as in week 53 of rearing. Analysis of the mean level of H2O2 demon - strated its significant increase in yolks of eggs from hens fed mixtures containing both 1.5% and 3.0% LPC. In eggs from group D-1 (1.5% LPC), the con - centration of H2O2 increased by 24%, whereas in those from group D-2 (3.0% LPC), by as much as 35%, compared with control eggs (Table 6). This correlation was observed in egg yolks collected both in week 33 and week 53 of life. The eggs of the laying hens fed the diets enriched both with 1.5% or 3.0% LPC were, additionally, character - istic because of their significantly higher level of the end product of lipid peroxidation, i.e. malon - dialdehyde (MDA): by 35% in group D-1 and by 50% in group D-2 in comparison with the control. These eggs also showed considerable ( P ≤ 0.05) suppression of catalase activity compared with control eggs (Table 6)." 111 W3107735507.pdf 2 "3 Formation of Gradient Structure in Rails at Long-Term Operation Figure 2. Structure of rail tread surface; a – unetched metallographic section; b – etched metallographic section. Figure 3. Electron microscopic images of rail structure in the layer located at a depth of 10 mm; a – lamellar pearlite; b - degenerate pearlite; c – structure-free ferrite. Figure 4. Structure of rail metal; a - fractured lamellar pearlite; b - ferrite-carbide mixture; a - layer at a depth of 2 mm; b - surface layer of fillet. Figure 5. Electron microscopic images of ‘ferrite-carbide mixture’ structure of surface layer. Arrows indicate in (b) the particles of carbide phase." 112 W2601087101.pdf 4 "Pérez-Ortega et al. Interactions in Meningococcal Biofilms processingprogramImageJ.Theresultsrevealedlargedifferenc es in fluorescence intensity between the promoter variants in th e orderopaBPH>opaBPM>opaBPL,inaccordancewithprotein production levels detected on Western blots (Figure S1D). Th e fluorescence of pIN H-derived transformants was visualized in all our imaging devices and allowed for the discrimination o f fluorescentstrainsinmixedbiofilms.Therefore,thisplasmi dwas used to generate fluorescent bacteria. Indeed, we could gene rate fluorescent bacteria in strains of Nm,Nl,andNgtransformed withthisplasmid(FigureS1E). Biofilm Structure of Fluorescent Neisseriae To study the biofilm structure of various NmandNlstrains, biofilms of fluorescent bacteria were formed on glass and visualized by confocal microscopy. All strains used were caps ule deficient, as capsule has been reported to inhibit biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces ( Yi et al., 2004; Lappann et al., 2006).Figure1A shows the structures of 15-h old biofilms of various strains. Biofilms consisted of cell clusters, but the size, dispersion and number of the clusters differed largely between both species and between strains of the same species. Nmstrains generally formed smaller clusters than did the Nl strains. Also, Nmstrains of cc8 and cc11 formed much smaller and less compact clusters with, together, a larger coverage o f the substratum than strains of cc32 and cc53 ( Figure1A ). It is noteworthy that strains of cc8 and cc11 use an eDNA- independent strategy of biofilm formation in contrast to stra ins ofothercc( Lappannetal.,2010 ).BothNlstrainsformedbiofilms that were sensitive to DNase I (data not shown). Thus, these results confirmed that aggregation is a common feature durin g neisserialbiofilmformation. eDNA-Binding Proteins Contribute to Cell Aggregation in Single-Strain Biofilms AutA and type IV pili are known to be involved in bacterial aggregation during biofilm formation ( Lappann et al., 2006; Arenas et al., 2015a ). Here, we explored the contribution in this process of eDNA-binding proteins, which are cleaved from the cell surface by the protease NalP. Figure1B shows the biofilm structure of mutants of Nmstrains HB-1 and BB- 1 lacking nalP. ThenalPmutants formed bigger and more compact microcolonies than the corresponding wild types (Figure1A ), although the difference was less pronounced in BB-1, in accordance with the eDNA-independent strategy of biofilmformationofthisstrain.Thestrongeraggregationo fHB- 1/Delta1nalPis not due to increased piliation, as Western blotting assays showed a similar production of PilE, the major pilus subunit, in the wild type and the nalPmutant (Figure S2A). Since cc11 strain BB-1 produces a different type of pilin that is not recognized by the antibodies ( Cehovin et al., 2010 ) we could not verify pilEexpression in this strain and its nalPmutant. TheautAgene is disrupted in HB-1 and BB-1 because of the presence of a premature stop codon ( Arenas et al., 2015a ) and can,therefore,notplayaroleinthedifferencesbetweentheNa lP- producingandnon-producingstrains.Furthermore,aggregat ion was severely reduced when NalP was expressed in transfrom plasmidpEN300inthe nalPmutants( Figure1B )demonstratingthat the increased aggregation of the nalPmutants is a direct effect of the lack of NalP synthesis. Microscopic examination of log-phase precultures grown under shaking conditions showed the presence of only few very small aggregates in the nalP mutant of HB-1 but not in the wild type (Figure S2B). The size of these aggregates does not match those observed in biofilms (Figure S2B). Probably, the abundance of eDNA at the surface of the nalPmutant cells facilitates aggregation and thereby microcolony formation. Such interactions may occu r already in liquid cultures, but they are disrupted by physical forces during shaking. In conclusion, these results show th at microcolony formation occurs during biofilm formation and thatnalPexpression influences this process, presumably by cleaving eDNA-binding proteins from the cell surface. Thus, these data expand the previously established role of NalP duri ng theinitiationofbiofilmformationbydemonstratingitseffect on biofilmstructuring. Interbacterial Interactions in Dual-Strain Biofilms The high rates of Nmcolonization ( Sim et al., 2000 ) suggest an intense traffic of strains within the nasopharynx. Consequent ly, strains could interact with each other to compete or to benefit during colonization. To study how different strains affect each other during biofilm formation, we analyzed pairwise combinations of three Nmstrains in biofilm experiments. We selected strains HB-1, BB-1, and α14 because different traits relevant for biofilm formation. HB-1 and BB-1 were chosen as representatives of strains following an eDNA-dependent and -independent strategy of biofilm formation, respectively (Arenas et al., 2013a ). Strain α14 was chosen because it producesAutA,whichcausesautoaggregationandtherebyaffec ts biofilm architecture ( Arenas et al., 2015a ). HB-1 and BB-1 do not produce AutA ( Arenas et al., 2015a ). Other relevant characteristicsofthesestrainsarelistedin Table1. First, several relevant properties of these strains were furt her analyzed. HB-1 and BB-1 clearly showed twitching motility in biofilms ( Videos1,2, respectively, in Supplementary Material). Strain α14, however, showed no twitching motility, similar as apilEmutant of HB-1 ( Videos3,4, respectively, in Supplementary Material). Interestingly, Western blot analy sis revealedaconsiderabledifferenceintheelectrophoreticmob ility of the PilE proteins of HB-1 and α14 (Figure S2A), even though the sequences of these proteins are identical according to th e availablegenomesequences( Schoenetal.,2008;Pietetal.,2011 ). Additionally,thegenomesequenceof α14showedthat nalPisout ofphase;WesternblottingconfirmedthatNalPisnotsynthesi zed in this strain (Figure S2A). All relevant properties of the thr ee strainsarelistedin Table1. Each strain was grown independently in TSB, and, after adjusting them to the same OD, they were mixed 1:1 for biofilm formation. First, green- and red-fluorescent variants of st rain HB-1 were combined ( Figure2A ). Both variants of the strain formed separate clusters with hardly any intermixing, altho ugh these separate clusters extensively interacted ( Figure2A ). A similar result was observed when green- and red-fluorescent Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 5 March 2017 | Volume 8 | Article 434" 113 W2897343092.pdf 5 "5Only one individual showed possible signs of GSD on the lower neck and two others showed signs of GED, based on gross pathological features described in the literature. These more superficial wounds may not have been perceived as a stressor in these individuals, subsequently resulting in fGCM levels comparable to non-injured individuals. Elevated GC levels in animals with lower BC have been observed in a number of studies on birds and mammals (Kitaysky et al. 1999, Cabezas et al. 2007, Pokharel et al. 2017). When comparing individual baseline levels in two colonies of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla for exam - ple, higher levels have been found in the colony living in a food scarce environment compared to food-rich environ - ment (Kitaysky et al. 1999). In a study on Steller sea lions, the loss of body mass was associated with an increase in GC (Jeanniard du Dot et al. 2009). In our study, three individu - als assigned to category 3 not only showed severe foot and leg injuries, but also had a lower BC scoring. The lower BC could be caused due to reduced mobility and subsequent reduced food intake leading to an increase in GC levels, a similar scenario has been described for elephants with foot injuries (Ganswindt et al. 2010). Alternatively, it is also pos - sible that the increased GC levels due to the injuries lead to a reduced BC due to an enhanced energy demand as glu - coneogenesis is activated in stressful situations (Sapolsky 2002). Further studies are needed to entangle which of the two proposed scenarios are responsible for the increased GC, or if it is a combination of reduced energy intake during times of increased energy demands. The severity, but also the duration of an injury can influ - ence the distinctiveness of an adrenal response (Voigtlän - der et al. 2006). This has been shown in elephants suffering from enduring foot injuries, where higher fGCM concen - trations were found in the individual afflicted by the lon - ger lasting injury (Ganswindt et al. 2010). In our study, the individual with the persistent injury (approx. one year, pers. comm.) did not show higher fGCM levels compared to individuals with a short to medium term injury. A pos - sible explanation could be the adaptation of the HPA axis towards a long-term stressor. Although initially helpful to cope with a stressful situation, prolonged elevation of GC levels may cause changes in physiology and behaviour of an individual, which can have deleterious implications for survival and well-being (Herman 2013). The individual may have adapted to the consequences of the injury (e.g. decreased mobility), with a subsequent decrease in GC lev - els over time. Individual differences in GC levels also need to be taken into considerations, as the perceived pain varies between individuals (Bateson 1991). In conclusion, we found differences in fGCM concen - trations in individual giraffes assigned to different catego - ries of trauma and body conditions. The possible response observed may result from a combination of differences in the severity of the injuries and the subsequent degree of pain associated with it, the influence of the stress response on the energetic condition, as well as the duration of the injuries. The results of our study are limited to a small sample size and although the data was collected during the end of the rainy season when food resources can be expected to be adequate, we cannot control for the effects of food access on the body condition of the individuals. A more detailed study over a longer time would be needed to evaluate the individual food intake and the effects that the injuries have on the mobility. Euthanasia is a common management tool used to pre - vent unnecessary suffering, but especially in wild animals the severity of an injury and the associated pain perceived could be difficult to assess. Combining an assessment of BC and analysis of individual glucocorticoid levels may help to improve health assessments in free-ranging giraffes and thus assist management decisions. Acknowledgements – We thank Tal Fineberg for providing access to Mbuluzi Game Reserve and their giraffes and Stefanie Ganswindt for expert help with laboratory techniques. Funding – All Out Africa provided support for this research. Conflicts of interest – The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References Bashaw, M. J. et al. 2016. Non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical activity as a measure of stress in giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis ). – BMC Vet. Res. 12: 235. Bateson, P . 1991. Assessment of pain in animals. – Anim. Behav. 42: 827–839. Bond, M. L. et al. 2016. Soil correlates and mortality from Giraffe Skin Disease in Tanzania. – J. Wildl. Dis. 52: 953–958. Boonstra, R. et al. 1998. The impact of predator-induced stress on the snowshoe hare cycle. – Ecol. Monogr. 79: 371–394. Cabezas, S. et al. 2007. Physiological stress levels predict survival probabilities in wild rabbits. – Horm. Behav. 51: 313–320. EAZA 2006. EAZA husbandry and management guidelines for Giraffa camelopardalis . – Burgers’ Zoo, Arnhem. < www. zoocentral.dk/uploads/4/9/7/5/49755431/eaza-husbandry- guidelines-2006.pdf >. Epaphras, A. M. et al. 2012. Prevalence, disease description and epidemiological factors of a novel skin disease in giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis ) in Ruaha National Park, Tanzania. – Res. Opinios. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2: 60–65. Fieß, M. et al. 1999. Patterns of urinary and fecal steroid excretion during the ovarian cycle and pregnancy in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana ). – Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 115: 76–89. Ganswindt, A. et al. 2002. Assessment of testicular endocrine function in captive African elephants by measurement of urinary and fecal androgens. – Zoo Biol. 21: 27–36. Ganswindt, A. et al. 2005. The sexually active states of free-ranging male African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ): defining musth and non-musth using endocrinology, physical signals, and behaviour. – Horm. Behav. 47: 83–91. Ganswindt, A. et al. 2010. Concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in physically injured free-ranging African elephants Loxodonta africana . – Wildl. Biol. 16: 323–332. Hardy, M. P . et al. 2005. Stress hormone and male reproductive function. – Cell Tissue Res. 322: 147–153. Heistermann, M. 2010. Non-invasive monitoring of endocrine status in laboratory primates: methods, guidelines and applications. – Adv. Sci. Res. 5: 1–9. Hellyer, P . W. 2010. Pain assessment and management. – In: Kahn, C. M. and Line, S. (eds), Merck veterinary manual. A handbook of diagnosis, therapy and disease prevention and control for the veterinarian. Merck and Co. Inc, pp. 1857–1863. Herman, J. P . 2013. Neural control of chronic stress adaptation. – Front. Behav. Neurosci. 7: 1–12. Holm, S. 1979. A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. – Scand. J. Stat. 6: 65–70. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Wildlife-Biology on 17 May 2024 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use" 114 W2981710942.pdf 3 "the 22 DM patients, 11 (50%) were diagnosed after pre- senting with MK. Table 2 shows exposure comparison among the cases and controls matched for age, sex and village. The proportion of HIV positive patients among the cases was 9% versus 1% among the controls ( p= .0003). DM was 7% among the cases versus 1.4% among the con- trols ( p= .012). Sixty-one (29%) of the cases reportedeye trauma before onset of symptoms, none of the controls reported any trauma in the previous 3 months. One hundred and twenty-eight (61%) of the cases reported having used TEM versus only one control who had recently used TEM. Cases more than controls had more people in the poor social economic bracket (p= .0001) and lived further from the nearest village health centre, median distance 3km (IQR 1 –4, totalTable 1. Comparison of people who were enrolled into the nested case-control and those who were not (n = 313). Enrolled into the case-control (n = 215) Not enrolled (n = 98) ǂ Variable Median (IQR) (Total range) Median (IQR) (Total range) P value Age 50 (37 –60) (18 –96) 42 (33 –59) (18 –87) .040 Distance 78 (53 –120) (1.5 –286) 85 (48 –183) (0.2 –378) .171 Household population 7 (5–8) (1 –28) 6 (3 –8) (1 –18) .030 Distance to nearest Health Centre in KM 3 (1–4) (0 –45) 2 (1 –4) (0 –35) .215 Variable Category count (%) count (%) P value Gender Female 101 (47) 38 (39) .176 Male 114 (53) 60 (61) Occupation Farmer 157 (73) 63 (64) .117 Non-farmer 58 (27) 35 (36) Marital status Not married* 61 (28) 34 (35) .259 Married 154 (72) 64 (65) Education status None 60 (28) 24 (25) .896 Primary 110 (51) 52 (53) Secondary 31 (14) 14 (14) Tertiary 14 (7) 8 (8) Being head of household Yes 146 (68) 66 (67) .922 No 69 (32) 32 (33) Being HIV positive (overall 12%) Ɨ Yes 18 (8%) 19 (22%) .001 No 197 (92%) 67 (78%) Being a Diabetic patient (overall 7%) Ɨ Yes 14 (7%) 8 (9%) .385 No 201 (93%) 77 (91%) *Not married refers to single, separated, divorced or widowed. Ɨmissing results for HIV and diabetes, it was not possible to test everyone for HIV and Diabetes. ǂThese 98 include the 53 that were lost to follow up and the 45 cases with follow-up data at 3 months but to whom controls could not be enrolled. Table 2. A matched comparison of exposures among 215 case-control pairs. (gender and village and adjusted for age). Cases (215) Controls (215) P-value Exposure n (%) n (%) Married 154 (72) 143 (67) .215 Head of household 146 (68) 140 (65) .441 Education status None 60 (28) 48 (22) .148 Primary 110 (51) 114 (53) Secondary 31 (14) 32 (15) Tertiary 14 (7) 21 (10) Farming occupation (if yes) 157 (73) 168 (78) .144 Trauma (if yes, n = 214) 63 (29) 0 (0) <.0001 Traditional Eye Medicine (if yes) 133 (62) 1 (0.5) <.0001 HIV (being positive) * 18 (9) 2 (1) .0001 Diabetes Mellitus (being positive) Ɨ 14 (7) 3 (1.4) .012 Size of the household Small (1 –4 people) 50 (23) 109 (51) Medium (5 –10 people) 115 (54) 94 (44) Large (>11 people) 50 (23) 12 (5) Self-reported wealth status ǂ Poor 36 (18) 20 (9) .003 Middle 158 (74) 188 (89) Upper 21 (8) 6 (2) Type of water source Well 103 (50) 107 (52) Tap 85 (41) 74 (36) Other 17 (9) 25 (12) median (IQR) median (IQR) Distance to nearest Health centre 3 (1–4) 2 (1–3) <.0001 *Twelve cases had missing HIV results, however, all the controls had HIV results reported. ƗNineteen Cases had missing Diabetes test results. self-reported wealth status was classified as poor (1 ”very poor ”2”poor ”), middle (3 “neither poor nor rich ”) upper (4 “rich”5“very rich ”)OPHTHALMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY 101" 115 W4383198394.pdf 21 "Page 22/22 Figure 9 Flowchart of adopted methodology Supplementary Files This is a list of supplementary " 116 W2593296096.pdf 7 "720 Eur J Appl Physiol (2017) 117:713–720 1 3 agonist-antagonist EMG, muscle CSA, and force during strength training in middle-aged and older people. J Appl Physiol 84(4):1341–1349 Hildebrand JD, Schaller MD, Parsons JT (1993) Identification of sequences required for the efficient localization of the focal adhe-sion kinase, pp125FAK, to cellular focal adhesions. J Cell Biol 123(4):993–1005 Huijing P (1999) Muscular force transmission: a unified, dual or multiple system? A review and some explorative experimental results. 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Muscle Nerve 49(6):879–886 Street S (1983) Lateral transmission of tension in frog myofibers: a myofibrillar network and transverse cytoskeletal connec- tions are possible transmitters. J Cell Physiol 114(3):346–364. doi:10.1002/jcp.1041140314 Tsaopoulos DE, Baltzopoulos V, Maganaris CN (2006) Human patel- lar tendon moment arm length: measurement considerations and clinical implications for joint loading assessment. Clin Biomech 21(7):657–667" 117 W4328052409.pdf 10 "360 Z. Arb. Wiss. (2023) 77:350–374 Table 7 Example for creating the job-specific competence model for the employees of quality control in SME 3 Tab. 7 Beispiel für die Herleitung des tätigkeitsspezifischen Kompetenzmodells für die Mitarbeitenden der Qualitätskontrolle in KMU 3 Competence dimensions and relating sub-dimen- sionsExemplary interview text passages (translated from German) Job-specific competence facets Professional competence Application of manual skills“Yes, I will take a couple of waffles and measure them. I check the weight, length and diameter. I also check whether the appearance of the product fits.”Measuring the product (e.g., length, di- ameter, weight) and conducting visual inspections Personal competence Assuming respons ibility “Y ou also have to be able to d ecide quickly and you have also to be ready to decide whether a produc t can still be pr ocessed.”Responsible decision-making with regard to produc t quality and a kappa value of 0.826 for its second level. The us- ability questionnaires (filled out by the employees as part of the third interview module) were analyzed descriptively using the software SPSS 28. For each usability criteria that is listed in the questionnaire, its mean value and standard deviation were calculated. 3.6 Developing job-specific competence models After content analysis, job-sp ecific competence facets have been formulated on the basis of the interview text passages that have been mapped to the different competence cate- gories. The resulting job-speci fic competence facets were summarized to job-specific co mpetence models. The job- specific competence models se rve to further differentiate and finalize the prospective and process-related competence models. Table 7shows an example of how job-specific competence facets for the emp loyees of quality control in SME 3 have been formulated. 3.7 Developing prospective and process-related competence models In order to develop the final prospective and process-re- lated competence models, a three-step methodology was applied (Fig. 5). In a first step, the competences that have been identified and mapped by the employees to the single Fig. 5 Process of creating a prospective and process-related competence model for the employees of quality control in SME 3 Abb. 5 Prozess zur Erstellung eines prospektiven und prozessbezogenen Kompetenzmodells für die Mitarbeitenden der Qualitätssicherung in KMU 3process steps during the VR-interviews were transferred to text-based templates. In this way, preliminary versions of the prospective and process-related competence models have been created. In a second step, the job-specific compe- tence facets (that have been derived after content analysis) were added to the related competence (sub-) dimensions. In a third step, the final prospective and process-related com- petence models were validated by a direct supervisor con- cerning their correctness and c ompleteness. Afterwards, the actual competence levels of the employees were also added by the ir supervisor. For this purpose, the same rating key has been used that was also applied during the VR-based expert interviews. 4R e s u l t s 4.1 Results of VR-based PCM The central results of our VR -based PCM approach are the prospective and process-related competence models. In order to create these comp etence models, job-specific competence facets were firs t formulated and summarized in respective job-specific competence models. The job- specific competence facets were i ntegrated afterwards into the preliminary versions of the prospective and process-re- lated competence models (created by the employees during K" 118 W4312072512.pdf 12 "13 are also shown. (b, d) Maps of SC_CPM/OB relative bi as for the 1 h (b) and 24 h (d) mean AM. In all pan els, significant differences at 5% level are indicated with a black dot and their proportion is reported as the percent age of significant cases on the total number of stations. Figure 4. Orographic effect on 1 h and 24 h annual maxima for observation (OB), station-collocated CPM (SC_CPM), all CPM 315 grid points (GR_CPM). (a, c) Relationship of AM ra in rate with elevation at 1 h and 24 h durations, r espectively. In panel a, the linear regressions lines are shown as a solid line, are expressed as a percent of the median value and are calculated for the stations above 100 m a.s.l.; (b, d) Box plots of AM rain rat e at 1 h and 24 h durations, respectively, for the three rainfall datasets and 4 elevation groups. Note that the considered elevatio n data is the one of each dataset (OB or CPM). 4.3 Hourly return levels and relation with elevatio n 320 We estimate the return levels of hourly precipitati on for several return periods. Results on bias asse ssment and relation with elevation are here reported for the 20 yr return le vels as reference, but similar results are found fo r return periods up to 100 yr and reported in the following Discussion section . Figure 5 shows the comparison between estimated 20 yr return level from observations and SC_CPM (panel a), and the magnitude of the relative bias at each location (pa nel b), while the spatial distribution of the rain intensity for the 1 h 325 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1037 Preprint. Discussion started: 17 October 2022 c Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4.0 License. " 119 W2775532084.pdf 0 "UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title Lipidomics Reveals Dramatic Physiological Kinetic Isotope Effects during the Enzymatic Oxygenation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Ex Vivo Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92m9k0tr Journal Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140(1) ISSN 0002-7863 Authors Navratil, Aaron R Shchepinov, Mikhail S Dennis, Edward A Publication Date 2018-01-10 DOI 10.1021/jacs.7b09493 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California" 120 W2894560710.pdf 23 "24 Sdev 0.061 0.052 0.064 0.078 0.079 0.048 Accumulation [m w.eq.a–1] for 1999 –2013 Min 0.111 0.203 0.142 0.159 0.130 0.141 Mean 0.158 0.284 0.219 0.229 0.231 0.200 Max 0.284 0.378 0.333 0.295 0.353 0.311 Table 2: Dating results for the six firn cores from Union Glacier based on annual layer counting (stable water isotopes and glacio –chemistry) and core inter–matching taking SCH –2 as reference. 5 Firn Core Period Total number of years (δ18O/δD summer maxima) GUPA –1 1989 –2014 26 DOTT –1 1999 –2014 16 SCH –1 1986 –2014 29 SCH –2 1977 –2015 39 BAL –1 1980 –2015 36 PASO –1 1973 –2015 43 10 15 The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-161 Manuscript under review for journal The Cryosphere Discussion started: 4 October 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. " 121 W4285510111.pdf 12 "El cartel ruso y soviético de 1914 a 1939 ________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Arte y Ciudad - Revista de Investigación Nº 21 – Abril de 2022 145 - El mal es representado de diversas maneras como un monstru o, una serpiente o un dragón, basándose en la iconografía cristiana. - Las armas: ballonetas, fusiles, cuchillos y espadas, como seguridad y garantía de victoria. Sujetas por soldados o solas haciendo una fun- ción metonímica de ejércitos entero s. También aniq uilando al enemigo y ensangrentadas o derramando sangre. Se utiliza la geometrización para hacerlas más punzantes y afiladas. - La sangre es la muerte, el dolor y el sufrimiento. - La paloma es símbolo de la paz y esperanza. 3. Cartel ruso y soviético en el pe riodo Leninista. En el periodo comprendido entre la Revolución de Octubre y el 13 de abril de 1924 (muerte de Lenin) acontecen los hechos más importantes para la so- ciedad ruso -soviética. Hay una guerra civil, cambios estructurales económico - sociales, nace la URSS. En este periodo, el cartel ruso aporta al mund o estilos y estudios psicosociales desconocidos hasta el momento. Cumplió las funcio- nes de: potenciación de la producción, promoción de los productos estatales para desbancar a la empresa privada y agi tación política, entre otros. 3.1. La idea de arte y propaganda de Lenin y Lunacharski. El plan de propa- ganda monumental . Anatoli Vasilievich Lunacharski nació en Poltava en 1885, estudió filosofía y ciencias naturales en la Universidad de Zúrich, donde e mpezó su actividad propagandística con Plejanov y Axelrod. En 1897 llegó a Rusia como revolu- cionario profesional. A partir de 1906 vivió en el exilio (Francia e Italia, fun- damentalmente) trabajando en colaboración con Lenin. Tras la revolución, fue nombrad o Primer Comisario de Instrucción Pública, cargo que ocupó hasta 1929. Durante esos años escribió numerosos artículos sobre la configuración del arte y la cultura soviética. “En 1918 me llamó Vladimir Illich y me comu- nicó que era preciso desarrollar el art e como medio de propaganda” (Luna- charski, 1969, p. 9). Los teóricos de l socialismo coincidían en que el arte es distinto según las so- ciedades y los pueblos, por lo que el arte socialista debía ser distinto al burgués y aceptado por todos. Lenin había prese ntado la necesidad de crear arte en las calles, las casas y las plazas. El estado invierte en arte. El nuevo mecenas del" 122 W3003462785.pdf 6 "Table 3. Insurance Claims for Participants (N = 70) Covered by MassHealth (Medicaid) Related to Asthma, Reducing Racial/Ethnic Asthma Disparities in Youth (READY) Study, Massachusetts, 2009–2014 VariableControl Perioda Post Periodb P Valuec Mean (Standard Deviation) Mean (Standard Deviation) Participants who completed all 5 visits (n = 70) Average cost per person, $ Hospitalization 1,059.22 (3,199.62) 506.20 (1,948.86) .11 Emergency department visits 534.73 (809.61) 223.41 (473.77) .001 Office visits 473.77 (618.94) 406.17 (537.90) .32 Health care events, no. Hospitalization 0.21 (0.66) 0.10 (0.39) .11 Emergency department visits 0.93 (1.15) 0.50 (0.86) .004 Office visits 3.19 (3.28) 2.96 (3.09) .69 Participants who completed all 5 visits and had 2 or more emergency department visits during control period (n = 22) Average cost per person, $ Hospitalization 2,543.76 (4,372.83) 1,243.14 (4,378.39) .23 Emergency department 1,512.87 (828.25) 454.39 (1,206.34) .009 Office 730.22 (868.92) 739.91 (773.25) .52 Health care events, no. Hospitalization 0.64 (1.09) 0.32 (0.78) .13 Emergency department visit 2.59 (1.01) 0.95 (2.21) <.001 Office visit 4.50 (4.61) 4.86 (4.14) .65 a Control period was defined as 1 year prior to visit 1. b Post period was defined as 1 year after visit 5. c P < .05 indicates significance.PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE VOLUME 17, E11 PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH, PRACTICE, AND POLICY FEBRUARY 2020 The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors’ affiliated institutions. www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0288.htm • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 7" 123 W2972819804.pdf 5 "World Electric Vehicle Journal 2019 ,10, 54 6 of 12 if the reverse current is sufficiently large, the electric charge is discharged completely, and D–S voltage becomes zero. Consequently, the soft switching can be achieved in all switches in the active bridge. From the above, the requirement where soft-switching can be achieved at all switches in both active bridges can be expressed as ( " 124 W2345695819.pdf 3 "fibrinogen, alpha2-macroglobulin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, IgM, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein AII, complement C3, and transthyretin. Mass spectrometry For non-depleted serum samples, MALDI-TOF MS was used to identify proteins of interest from the 2D gels as previously described [10]. To increase the ability to detect smaller quantities of protein in the depleted samples, triple quadrupole/linear ion trap MS was performed using the QTRAP 5500 System (Sciex, Canada) according to stand- ard protocols. The data files were submitted to Mascot for the protein library search. Statistical analysis To determine if there were significant differences between hemodynamic parameters be- tween patients with good vs. poor neurological outcome, ttests were used. Results were considered significant if p< 0.05. Due to the feasibility nature of this project, no correction was performed for multiple comparisons, as all results are considered exploratory. Results Patients From August 2010 to June 2014, a convenience sample of 11 patients were recruited into the study (Table 1). Of the 11 patients recruited, all but 2 were male. The median age was 61 years (range 27 –76). Five of the patients had no known cardiac history. For patient 5, the presenting rhythm was initially interpreted as ventricular fibrillation, and the patient was recruited into the study. On further review of the cardiac arrest, the ini- tial rhythm was not ventricular fibrillation, but a non-perfusing bradyarrhythmia that subsequently degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. The serum was collected, but Table 1 Patient demographics and clinical characteristics Patient # Age/gender Comorbidities Rhythm CPC Good neurological outcome 1 61 M Obesity/OA VF 1 2 76 F Obesity, HTN, DM, AS, AF PEA* 1 3 62 M COPD, CKD, CAD, DM, CHF VT 1 7 46 M Healthy VF 1 9 37 F Endometriosis, nephrolithiasis, epilepsy VT 1 10 57 M Healthy VF 1 Poor neurological outcome 4 68 M HTN, DM, smoker VF 4 5 70 M Healthy VF 5 6 47 M Healthy VF 5 8 67 M HTN, AF VF 5 11 27 M Healthy VF/VT 5 The demographic information, initial rhythm, and 3-month neurological outcome are shown for the 11 patients recruited into the study CPC cerebral performance category, VFventricular fibrillation, OAosteoarthritis, HTN hypertension, DMdiabetes mellitus, ASaortic stenosis, AFatrial fibrillation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, CAD coronary artery disease, CHF congestive heart failure, PEA pulseless electrical activity, VTventricular tachycardia. * Patient was initially classified as having VF, but reclassified later as having a non-perfusing bradycardia (see text for details)Boyd et al. Intensive Care Medicine Experimental (2016) 4:9 Page 4 of 11" 125 W4361265879.pdf 0 "SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioinformatic analysis . Microarray data analysis was performed using GeneSpring v7.1 (Agilent Technologies UK Limited, Stockport, UK). For both 5-FU and oxaliplatin, two independent experiments we re created. Firstly, to analyse drug- inducible gene expression in HCT116 pare ntal cells, all genes on each array were normalised to the median signal intensity of that array. Secondly, each gene on the 6, 12 and 24h sample arrays was normalised to the median signa l intensity of the respective gene on the 0h (control) array. The GeneSpring Cross Gene Error Model was then applied to the experiment, with the average base/proportional values calculated from the replicated conditions of the experiment. Ge nes were filtered using three parameters. Firstly, all genes that displayed an Affymetrix present or marginal flag call in all samples were retained. The gene list was subsequently filtered using the average base/proportional values calculated from the cross gene error model, with genes displaying cont rol values greater than the average base/proportional value being re tained (this was required in all samples for any gene). Finally, the list was filtered us ing a 2-fold cut-off for each gene relative to the 0h control, with genes meeting this criteri on in at least 1 of the 3 timepoints being retained. The genes passing these 3 filters were consider ed to be drug-inducible. The second experiment created aimed to compare basal gene expression in the HCT116 parental cell lin e relative to both the 5-FU- a nd oxaliplatin-resistant daughter lines. As described above, all genes on each array were initially normalised to the median signal intensity of that array. Each gene was then normalised to the median signal intensity of the respective gene on all arrays. The data was filtered as described" 126 W4381135125.pdf 6 "Grünheid and Hazem 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1204662 Frontiers in Public Health 07 frontiersin.orgsurvey participants were guaranteed anonymity, we relied on patient- reported outcomes and were unable to evaluate the accuracy of the reported pathologies. However, the survey contained three validated tools to gauge depression severity, level of perceived stress, and mental health status that were specifically designed for this purpose, allowing a comprehensive assessment of various aspects of mental wellbeing. Third, any survey study is limited by its response rate. A good survey response rate is generally considered to range between 5 and 30% ( 41). Our response rate was 32%. Finally, the study is lacking comparison data obtained before pandemic onset. For this reason, we  cannot confirm that the present findings were substantially impacted by COVID-19. We refrained from asking respondents to compare their current status to their pre-pandemic status as this would have introduced a response shift. Response shift refers to measurement of patient-reported outcomes that reflect better outcomes over time not because the patient is doing better but because the patient has now adapted, psychologically, to match their new life circumstances in order to better cope with them ( 42). Patient-reported outcomes such as those in the present survey are particularly prone to this change over time. 5. Conclusion The results suggest that the mental wellbeing of frontline health workers is poor. Medical and dental workers tend to suffer from moderate to moderately severe depression, have a much higher perceived stress level than average, and have a lower level of mental health than the general population. Many are dissatisfied with healthcare and consider leaving the industry with stress and burnout being the main reasons. Notably, all groups seem equally affected with no apparent differences between medical and dental frontline healthcare workers. Healthcare executives and leaders must understand the gravity of the situation and take action. To improve their employees’ mental wellbeing, healthcare employers should understand their baseline, ensure co-design with staff of interventions, and track progress over time so that interventions can be changed or adjusted in case they are not working. Organizations should also pay particular attention to female workers as they constitute the largest percentage of individuals with severe depression, which may be at a higher suicide risk. Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of loss of mental wellbeing in healthcare workers must become a priority. Leaders should focus on mental wellbeing before people start to struggle, not after. The results of this study may help design the tools to do so. Data availability statement The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.Ethics statement This study involving human participants was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards at Essentia Health Duluth and the University of Minnesota (Study number 00016700). Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements. Author contributions TG contributed to data collection, curation, and analysis. TG and AH contributed to conceptualization, study design, data interpretation, manuscript drafting, reviewing and editing, and are responsible for the overall content. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Essentia Health and the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry for supporting this study and to Mike John and Naveed Haider for sharing their expertise. The authors are indebted to Priscilla Flynn and her team for sharing their Minnesota State Fair PROMIS Global-10 data. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health Award Number UL1-TR002494. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher’s note All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. References 1. LeGoff DB, Lazarovic J, Kofeldt M, Ghayal H, Peters A. Addressing mental health factors to improve outcomes in work-related COVID-19: a retrospective study of frontline workers. J Occup Environ Med . (2022) 64:e443–51. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002575 2. Magnavita N, Soave PM, Antonelli M. A one-year prospective study of work-related mental health in the intensivists of a COVID-19 hub hospital. Int J Environ Res Public Health . (2021) 18:9888. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189888 3. Mavrogenis AF, Scarlat MM. Stress, anxiety, and burnout of orthopaedic surgeons in COVID-19 pandemic. Int Orthop . (2022) 46:931–5. doi: 10.1007/s00264-022-05393-2 4. Dragioti E, Tsartsalis D, Mentis M, Mantzoukas S, Gouva M. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of hospital staff: an umbrella review of 44 meta-analyses. Int J Nurs Stud . (2022) 131:104272. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022. 104272" 127 W2025464660.pdf 4 "Available at www .veterinaryworld.org/V ol.7/Jan-2014/1.pdf Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 5sarcoma (HSA) cells and HSA tumor initiating cells at for providing the funding that allowed the conduction clinically achievable concentrations of EGFuP A, and of our experiments, and Dr. Brenda Spangler for that EGFuP A targets chemotherapy-resistant tumor helpful discussions. cells and the associated tumor microvasculature [20-22]. Competing interestsNovel VEGFR-targeting compounds designed to The authors declare that they have no competing interests. deliver chemotherapeutics as well as other anticancer agents to VEGFR-expressing cancer cells may exhibit References similar anticancer activity. Preclinical studies 1. Sitohi, B., Nagy , J.A. and Dvorak, H.F. (2012) Anti-VEGF / confirming successful targeting and investigating the VEGFR therapy for cancer: reassessing the target. Cancer potential toxicity of novel compounds delivering Res., 72(8):15, 1909-1914. therapeutics to VEGFR-expressing cells are essential 2. Restucci, B., Paparella, S., Maiolino, P. and De Vico, G. (2002) Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in prior to clinical translation of the proposed strategy . canine mammary tumors. Vet. Pathol. , 39:488-493.Based on our RT-qPCR data, we selected TLM-1 3. Wergin, M.C. and Kaser -Hotz. (2004) Plasma vascular and Grace-HSA cells as representative lines with endothelial growth factor (VEGF) measured in 70 dogs with enrichment of VEGFR1 expression to test VEGF spontaneously occurring tumors. In Vivo, 18:15-20. 4. Tamburini, B.A,, Trapp, S., Phang, T.L., Schappa, J.T., binding. Our results confirmed a successful VEGF- Hunter , L.E. and Modiano, J.F. (2009) Gene expression binding that did not appear to be affected by endogenous profiles of sporadic canine hemangiosarcoma are uniquely VEGF . The greater fluorescence noted in Grace-HSA associated with breed. PLoS One, 4(5):e5549. compared to TLM-1 might be due to lineage-specific 5. Yonemaru, K., Sakai, H., Yanai, T. and Masegi, T. (2006) Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor , basic post-translational stabilization leading to increased fibroblast growth factor , and their receptors (FLT-1, FLK-1, receptor density . Not surprisingly , competition with and FLG-1) in canine vascular tumors. Vet. Pathol., 43: 971-unlabeled VEGF was more efficient in TLM1 cells that 980. appeared to have decreased surface receptors density 6. Koch, S. and Claesson-W elsh, L. (2012) Signal transduction compared to Grace-HSA. Considering systemic concen- by vascular endothelial growth factor receptors. Cold Sprinng Harb Perspect Med. , 2:a006502. trations of VEGF in tumor bearing dogs are in the 7. Kerber , M., Reiss, Y., Wickersheim, A., Jugold, M., picomolar range [23,24], receptors in tumor cells Kiessling, F., Heil, M., Tchaikovski, V., Walternber ger, J., should be readily available for targeting under most Shibuya, M., Plate, K.H. and Machein, M.R. (2008). Flt-1 conditions, as plasma levels of VEGF have been shown signaling in macrophages promotes glioma growth in vivo. Cancer Res., 68:7342-7351. to be <100 pg/ml for 95-100% of tumor -bearing dogs 8. Murakami, M., Iwai, S., Hiratsuka, S., Yamauchi, M., [23,24].Nakamura, K., Iwakura, Y. and Shibuya, M. (2006) Signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor -1 Conclusions tyrosine kinase promotes rheumatoid arthritis through In summary , canine tumor cells can show activation of monocytess/macrophages. Blood, 108:(1849- 1856). preferential expression of VEGFR1, but these cells 9. Hurwitz, H., Fehrenbacher , L., Novotny , W., Cartwright, T., remain capable of binding native VEGF-A, thus Hainsworth, J., Heim, W., Berlin, J., Baron, A., Griffing, S., providing feasibility of targeting VEGFR-expressing Holmgren, E., Ferrara, N., Fyfe, G., Rogers, B., Ross, R. and tumor cells with cytotoxic molecules conjugated to Kabbinavar, F. (2004) Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer . VEGF-A. Optimization of anti-cancer strategies N. Eng. J. Med. , 350:2335-2342.targeting VEGFR1 receptors in dogs as part of the 10. Miller , K., Wang, M., Gralow , J., Dickler , M., Cobleigh, M., process of clinical translation could provide insights on Perez, E.A., Shenkier , T., Cella, D. and Davidson, N.E. their potential efficacy and toxicity [25]. Further (2007) Paclitaxel plus bevacizumab versus paclitaxel alone for metastatic breast cancer . N. Engl. J. Med., 357:2666- studies are needed to develop strategies based on the 2676.selective delivery of therapeutic compounds against 11. Jain, R.K., Duda, D.G., Clark, J.W. and Loeffler, J.S. (2006) VEGFR-expressing tumors through VEGF-VEGFRs Lessons from phase III clinical trials on anti-VEGF therapy binding. for cancer . Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol., 3:24-40. 12. Oh, S., Stish, B.J., Sachdev , D., Chen, H., Dudek, A.Z. and Authors' contributionsVallera, D.A. (2009) A novel reduced immunogenicity bispecific ligand targeted toxin simultaneously recognizing AB, CS, and JFM conceptualized the study . AB and human epidermal growth factor and interleukin-4 receptors JFM obtained funding. AB and MD performed and in a mouse model of metastatic breast carcinoma. Clin. analyzed the experiments, and wrote the initial draft of Cancer Res., 15(19): 6137-6147. 13. Spangler , C.W., Starkey , J.R., Rebane, A., Drobizhev , M., the manuscript. AB, MD, CS, JFM reviewed and edited Meng, F. and Gong, A. (2008) Synthesis, characterization all subsequent drafts of the manuscript. All authors and two-photon PDT efficacy studies of triads incorporating read and approved the final manuscript.tumor targeting and imaging components. Proc. Soc. Photo. Opt. Instrum., Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and AcknowledgementsDetection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XVII, 68450S; doi:10.1 117/12.763472. We thank the American College of Veterinary 14. Hamada, Y., Gonda, K., Takeda, M., Sato, A., Watanabe, M., Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Foundation and the Yambe, T., Satomi, S. and Ohuchi, N. (2011) In vivo imaging Canine Health Foundation and the Animal Cancer Care of the molecular distribution of the VEGF receptor during and Research Program of the University of Minnesota angiogenesis in a mouse model of ischemia. Blood 118(13)." 128 W4388454782.pdf 9 "ЛИТОСФЕР А том 23 № 5 2023Шумилов Shumilov 818 щавшие их воды в случае затрудненного кислород - ного обмена теряли кислород на различные окис - лительные процессы и становились бескислород - ными. В результате этого в породах создавались благоприятные условия для развития анаэробных микроорганизмов, которые порождали, в свою оче - редь, восстановительную (глеевую) среду. Вокруг разлагающихся органических остатков в результате деятельности таких анаэробов, как молочнокислые, маслянокислые и ацетонобути - ловые бактерии (Непомилуев, Козырев, 1970), от - нимавших необходимый им кислород у минераль - ных соединений и продуцировавших большое ко - личество свободной углекислоты, образовывался ореол кислой среды, благоприятной для миграции железа. Помимо выделения масляной (бутановой) и углекислоты при бактериальном разложении ор - ганики выделяется водород – сильнейший восста - новитель: C 6H12O6 → CH 3CH 2CH 2COOH + 2CO 2 + 2H 2 + X кал. Считается, что подвижная двухвалентная фор - ма железа выносится за пределы зоны оглеения диффузным путем в виде органометаллических комплексов, а при наличии в породах углекисло - ты – в бикарбонатной форме Fe(HCO 3)2 (Перель - ман, 1972). Однако при рассмотрении исследованных нами объектов возникает ряд вопросов, не освещенных предшественниками. В первую очередь обращает на себя внимание совпадение форм ореола оглеения и продуцирую - щей его органики, т. е. одинаковой мощности про - работки вмещающей породы во всех направлени - ях. Это указывает на то, что конечная форма зон оглеения была достигнута в отложениях, испытав - ших полное уплотнение под воздействием литоста - тического давления. В противном случае наблю - далось бы значительное искажение форм зон огле- ения по вертикали (уплощение) в результате усад - ки пород, особенно пелитолитов, изменяющих объем в разы (Фролов, 1993). При этом вся седи - ментационная вода должна быть отжата. Здесь уместно коротко рассмотреть историю геологического становления девонской толщи на территории Среднего Тимана. Как уже упомина - лось, максимальное развитие красноцветные от - ложения на Цилемской площади получили на за - вершающем этапе устьчиркинского времени кон - ца среднего девона. После этого наступил продол - жительный этап перерыва в осадконакоплении. В этот период произошла тектоническая активиза - ция района, в результате которой некоторые блоки были в значительной мере дислоцированы. Затем длительное время территория экспонировалась на дневной поверхности, в результате чего произошла ее пенепленизация (Шумилов, Тельнова, 2017). Лишь затем наступили следующие трансгрессив -но-регрессивные циклы, осадки которых погреб - ли рассматриваемые породы. Таким образом, огле-ение пород происходило на протяжении длитель - ного времени, измеряемого тысячами или даже сотнями тысяч лет. Возникает вопрос: могло ли разложение орга - нического материала происходить с участием ана - эробных бактерий на протяжении указанного вре - мени? Или биохимические процессы начально - го этапа сменились физико-химическими? Дело еще в том, что углефицированная органика райо - на также обладает специфическими особенностя - ми: сочетает в себе свойства двух угольных анта - гонистов – фюзена и гагата (Шумилов, 2015). В ре - зультате каких процессов получились такие объек - ты, непонятно до сих пор. Эти обстоятельства об - условливают проблему выделенных захороненной органикой реагентов, приведших к оглеению вме - щающих пород. Вернемся к форме и характеру границ зон огле - ения. Если бы реагенты были в виде жидкости, то она либо стекала вниз под воздействием гра - витации, либо поднималась вверх по капиллярам. В том и другом случаях было бы искажение форм зон оглеения в вертикальном направлении. Сле - дует заметить, что красноцветные глинистые по - роды обладают превосходными консервирующи - ми свойствами. Так, псевдоморфозы джарлеита по растительной органике, находясь даже в русле реки на глубине первых сантиметров, не несут никаких признаков окисления. Это при том, что джарлеит, относясь к высшим сульфидам меди, неустойчив в зоне гипергенеза. Следовательно, рассматрива - емые глинистые породы непроницаемы для жид - костей. Если реагенты были бы газообразными, то они поднимались бы вверх, что также приводи - ло бы к увеличению верхних частей зон оглеения. Кроме того, ранее описано, что в случае развития глеевых процессов в слоистых породах не отмеча - ется более интенсивного восстановления по более проницаемым песчанистым слоям и слойкам. Учитывая перечисленные факты, мы считаем, что основным способом движения реагентов, при - ведших к оглеению красноцветов, была диффузия молекул, атомов, ионов. Не исключено, что глав - ным агентом оглеения (восстановления) был во - дород в ионной Н + (своеобразная протонная эмис - сия) или молекулярной форме H 2. Именно в силу малых размеров для их диффузии не существует преград. С такой точки зрения можно объяснить, почему, казалось бы, в более проницаемых песча - никах зоны оглеения развиты на расстояние, вдвое меньшее от органики, чем в глинистых отложени - ях. Скорее всего, дело в кристаллической плот - ности минералов, слагающих породы, – обломки кварца и вулканического стекла менее проницае - мы для диффузии, чем минералы глин." 129 W2138646798.pdf 0 " 1501 INTRODUCTION Iron (Fe) is an essential element for livestocks as well as human beings. NRC (1994) suggested that the Fe requirement should be 50-120 ppm for poultry, and Fe toxicity appears at a very high level over 2,000 ppm. It is well known that white meats, such as breast meat of broilers, are low in Fe content than red meats, such as beef. Extra supplementation of Fe in addition to meeting nutritional requirement of chicken would enable enrichment of Fe in white meat. Iron enriched broiler meat may meet the demand of niche market customers looking for such functional products. Since a few years ago, researches on organic minerals have been actively undertaken because chelate minerals can be more effectively absorbed into the intestines than inorganic oxide and sulfate (W edekind et al., 1992; Aoyagi and Baker, 1993). In the same way, Fe may have big difference in bioavailability according to the form of supply. As it was found that chelate minerals which are new organic compounds of the metal enhanced the productivity of livestock because they have a higher bioavailability than inorganic minerals, intensive researches on this issue have been conducted (Kratzer an d V ohra, 1986). Organic minerals, in particular, amino acids and low molecule peptide (Miller et al., 1972; McNaughton et al., 1974; Zoubek et al., 1975; Spears, 1992 ) in the state of chelation with metal ions are more effectively absorbed into the body (Fouad, 1976; Ashmead, 1993). It is because chelation of metal ions with organic substances such as amino acids or low molecule peptide makes metal ions electrically neutral and chemically stable, thereby allowing easy passage through the small intestinal wall. Actually, 95% of them are absorbed (Kratzer and V ohra, 1986). Paik (2001) reported Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 21, No. 10 : 1501 - 1505 October 2008 www.ajas.info The Effect of Level and Period of Fe-methionine Chelate Supplementation on the Iron Content of Boiler Meat S. H. Seo1, H. K. Lee1, W. S. Lee2, K. S. Shin and I. K. Paik * Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung-si, Kyunggi-do, 456-756, Korea ABSTRACT : A broiler experiment was conducted to compare the effect s of duration and level of iron-methionine chelate (Fe-Met) supplementation on the iron, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) content of broiler meat. Two hundred and fifty hatched Ross broiler chick ens were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments. Each treatment had 5 replicates of 10 birds (5 males and 5 females) each. Birds were housed in raised floor batteries and fed traditional broiler diets ad libitum for 5 weeks. Dietary treatments were as follows: Control and two levels of Fe-Met (100 or 200 ppm in Fe) supplemented for either the whole period (0 -5 wk) or grower period (4-5 wk). Produc tion performance was not significantly affected by treatments. Iron content in the muscles (b reast, leg and wing) and organs (liver and spleen) were significantly (p<0.05) increa sed as the level and duration of Fe-Met s upplementation increased. The highest concen tration of iron was shown in Fe-Met 200 fed for the whole period. Live r contained the highest amount of iron followed by spleen, leg mu scle, wing muscle and breast muscle. Supplementation of Fe-Met 200 for the grower period resulted in higher iron concentration in liv er and spleen than supplementation of Fe-Met 100 fo r the whole period. However, the same tr eatment resulted in lower iron concentratio n in muscles (breast, leg and wing) than the treatment of Fe-Met 100 for the whole period. In order to achieve the highest iron enri chment in the muscles, Fe-Met should be supplemented at 200 ppm in Fe fo r the whole period (5 wks). Fe-Met supplementation increased copp er concentration in all muscles and organs exce pt wing muscle. Zinc concentr ation decreased in breast and wing muscle but tended t o increase in leg muscle, liver and spleen by Fe-Met 200 supplementa tion. Color of muscle was not si gnificantly affected by Fe-Me t treatments. However, redness of leg and br east muscle, and yellowness of leg and breas t muscle tended to increase by supplement ation of Fe-Met for the whole period. It was concluded that iron conten t of broiler meat can be effectively enriched by supplementati on of 200 ppm of Fe as Fe-Met for 5 wks. (Key Words : Fe-methionine Chelate, Iron Enriched Meat, Broiler, Copper, Zinc) * Corresponding Author: InKee Paik. Tel: +82-31-670-3028, E-mail: ikpaik@cau.ac.kr 1 Cargill Agri Purina Inc. Korea. 2 Daejoo Co. Ltd. Korea. Received February 1, 2008; Accepted May 2, 2008" 130 W4361222741.pdf 3 "4 Vol:.(1234567890) Scientific Reports | (2023) 13:5064 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32383-0 www.nature.com/scientificreports/Morphologic analysis. Morphological characteristics for plant growth analysis of transgenic cotton plants were carried out by measuring plant height, Root to shoot ratio, root-to-total plant weight ratio (RWR), stem- to-total plant weight ratio (SWR), leaf-to-total plant weight ratio (LWR) and fresh and dry biomass as compared to non-transgenic control cotton plants at 0, 5 and 10 days of drought stress. The height of plants was measured from the soil surface to the apex using a measuring tape. The shoot length was measured from apex to the base of the hypocotyl. The root length was measured from tip of the root to the hypocotyl base at day 0, 5 and 10 day of drought stress. Three plants from each transgenic and non-transgenic line were selected. The root to shoot length ratio was calculated for each plant by taking values and means of measurement. For data collection, the parameters like root, stem and leaf to total plant weight ratio for transgenic and non-transgenic control plants under drought stress were taken. Plants were unsoiled and the fresh weight in gram (g) per plant was taken. Then plants were wrapped in brown papers and kept at 80 °C for 48 h. After that, dry weight was measured in g per plant. Percent reduction in biomass was measured at 0, 5 and 10 days after drought stress. Physiological and biochemical analysis. Physiological characteristics like Leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of transgenic and non-transgenic cotton plants were calculated at 0, 5 and 10 day of drought stress by taking means of three values of each parameter. The leaf relative water content was calculated by taking a leaf sample 0.1 g from each treat- ment according to the method described by22. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b (photosynthetic pigments) were calculated according to23. Infra-Red Gas Analyzer (IRGA)was used to measure the net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. Biochemical characteristics like Proline and the total soluble sugars were estimated by following the method described by24,25, respectively. After completion of all the param- eters’ analysis, seeds were collected and stored for the study of the next generation. Statistical analysis. Graph Pad Prism7 was used for statistical analysis by subjecting the data for 2-way analysis of variance (ANOV A) to find out the significant difference in the mean. Results Structural and functional analysis of GaZnF gene. Clustering analysis of the ZF-HD family showed that 22 TFs were divided into 3 main subfamilies A, B and C. Family B is further divided into two subgroups (B1&B2). GaZnF belongs to subgroup B2 (Fig.  1a). The protein sequences of ZF-HD from 10 different species were obtained by NCBI alignment. It was found that GaZnF had a genetic relationship with Gossypium raimon - dii and Gossypium arboreum in the evolutionary process (Fig.  1b). Amino acid motifs retrieved from MEME suite software (Fig.  1c). The chemical formula of GaZnF is determined as C761H1219N233O240S17, the relative molecular weight is 18,017.49 Da and the theoretical isoelectric point was 8.66. The total counts of negatively charged residual bases (Asp + Glu) are 15, and the total counts of positively charged residual bases (Arg + Lys) are found to be 20. The fat coefficient of the peptide chain is 3605, and the instability coefficient is 2980. The instability index (II) is calculated to be 38.26. The above-mentioned characteristics classify the GaZnF protein as stable. Trans-membrane domain is found in the intramembrane protein encoded by GaZnF (Fig. 1Sa), and there is Meth signal peptide at the N-terminal of GaZnF. It is therefore speculated that the protein encoded by GaZnF is a non-secretory protein (Fig. 1Sb). Plant TFDB predicted the GaZnF protein binding motif (Fig. 1Sc). The sec- ondary structure of the GaZnF protein contained 41.18% α helix (Hh), 4.62% extended chain (Ee), 1.68% β angle (Tt) and 52.52% irregular crimped (Cc) (Fig.  1d,e). Several motifs related to plant stress resistance are found in the 518 bp region upstream of GaZnF, including MYB transcription factors (CNGTTR motif) that regulate many stress responses, especially against drought stress in plants. The WRKY plant-specific transcription factor (motif TGAC) playing important roles in many different response pathways of diverse abiotic stresses (drought, saline, temperature, alkali and ultraviolet radiation) is a stress-related cis component (W-box). Cloning of GaZnF in TA & pCAMBIA-1301 vector. cDNA synthesized by using total RNA from drought-stressed leaves was observed in Fig.  2a. A fragment of 531 bp released through restriction digestion by EcoRI confirmed the cloning of GaZnF in TA vector (Fig.  2b). The PCR amplification (Fig.  2c) with gene- specific primers of GaZnF and restriction digestion with Nco I and BglII (Fig.  2d) confirmed the cloning of gene in pCAMBIA-1301 vector. The graphical representation of full-length GaZnF gene is shown in (Fig. 2e). Transformation of pGaZnF in Agrobacterium and transient expression. Colony PCR with GaZnF gene specific primers confirms the transformation of pCAMBIA35S-GaZnF in Agrobacterium competent cells (Fig.  3a). The development of blue spots in the agro-infiltrated leaf confirmed the transient expression of GUS. The control leaf had no blue spots (Fig. 3b,c). Transformation of pGaZnF in local variety of cotton. Local cotton variety CIM-482 (G. hirsutum ) is selected for GaZnF gene transformation, and seeds of cotton variety (CEMB-482) are collected from CEMB Research Station Multan (30° 5′ 0″ N, 71° 40′ 0″ E) Punjab, Pakistan. During this study total of 7000 embryos were isolated (Fig.  4c), and co-cultivated with Agrobacterium containing pGaZnF by co-cultivation (Fig.  4a,b)., A total of 500 putative transgenic plants, are shifted to shoot-inducing medium. Out of these, 320 plants survived after 8 weeks, having well-developed shoots and roots in selection media. Non-transgenic plants are also shifted to shoot and root-inducing medium (Fig.  4d). Total of 180 putative transgenic plants with well-developed roots and shoots are shifted to soil pots. Non-transgenic plants are also shifted to soil pots (Fig.  4e,f). The overall effi- ciency of transformation is 2.57% (Table 1)." 131 W4396216348.pdf 3 Page 4/18safe, and its e 132 W2137079923.pdf 6 "pair AflII-f and MspI-r (Table 5). The primers ClaI-f and AflII-r were then used to amplify the whole recombinant plasmid sequence of pUC-PCV1, including the pUC-18vector and the PCV1 genome without its ORF2 se- quence. The expected PCR products were ligated together to create recombinant plasmid pUC-PCV12, which con-tained the PCV2 capsid gene cloned into the backbone of the PCV1 genome. The PCV12 genome was excised and recircularized. The duplicated fragment was then ampli-fied from the circularized PCV12 genome with primers EcoRV-f12 and EcoRI-r12 and subcloned into pUC- PCV12 to generate the chimeric PCV12 DNA clone pIS-PCV12 (Figure 1A). In vitro characterization of PCV12 To determine the infectivity and in vitro growth charac- teristics of the progeny PCV12 viruses, PK-15 cells grown to 80% confluency in 6-well plates were trans-fected with 20 μg of PCV1, PCV2 and PCV12 DNA clone as described previously [15]. The cells in each well were collected 5 days post-transfection and were thenfrozen and thawed three times. Subsequently, the cell lysates were used to inoculate fresh PK-15 cells growing in T-25 flasks, which were incubated for five days andthen passaged serially 26 times. The in vitro viability and growth activity of the progeny viruses were evaluated by IFA as described previously [15]. In vivo experimental design One hundred and sixteen 7-week-old BALB/C micewere used for the in vivo experiment, twenty of which were randomly selected before inoculation to undergo nucleic acid and serological screening for PCV to con-firm that the animals used in the study were initially PCV-free. The remaining mice were divided into six groups of sixteen animals each and housed in pens inseparate rooms, where they were acclimatized for 7 days before inoculation. As a negative control, the mice in group 1 were inoculated intranasally and intraperitone-ally with culture fluid (MEM). Mice in groups 2 and 3 were inoculated intranasally and intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml (50 μg) of the PCV1 and PCV2 DNA clones. Group 4 animals were inoculated with 0.2 ml (50 μg) of the PCV12 DNA clone. Animals in groups 5 and 6 were inoculated with 0.2 ml (50 μg) of the chimeric PCV1- NLS2 and PCV2-NLS1 DNA clones [15]. All mice were monitored daily for health status and possible clinical signs. Four mice in each group were euthanized bybleeding at 7, 14, 28 and 42 days post-inoculation (dpi). Blood and tissue samples were collected from euthanized mice and stored at −80°C for further studies. The animal experiments in this study were approved by the Animal Welfare Committee of Zhejiang University (protocol No. 20100134).Serological study Antibodies to PCV1 or PCV2 in the serum of eacheuthanized mouse were detected by modified indirectELISA based on the recombinant ORF2 capsid protein of PCV1 or PCV2 as described previously [24,25]. Pathological analysis For microscopic study, sections of spleen, lung and mes- enteric lymph nodes were fixed in 4% phosphate-buffered paraformaldehyde. The sections were then dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE) and finally evaluated under a microscope. Lesion scores for lymphoid tissues were estimated in blinded samples based on the level of lymphoid depletion andhistiocytic infiltration, with scores ranging from 0 (normal or no lymphoid depletion) to 3 (severe lymphoid depletion and histiocytic infiltration). Viral detection by taqman PCR Blood samples from euthanized mice were collected dur-ing necropsy and were stored at −80°C before DNA ex- traction. Viral DNA was extracted from serum using the QIAamp DNA Blood kit (QIAGEN, USA) according tothe manufacturer ’s instructions. The amount of PCV DNA obtained from serum was determined using PCV1 or PCV2 ORF2-based primer pairs and probes [15]. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis Specific antigens of PCV1, PCV2 and the three chimeric viruses were detected by IHC in paraffin-embedded sections of lymph node collected at 28 and 42 dpi usingpolyclonal antiserum to PCV1 or PCV2 according to the procedures described previously [23]. The polyclonal antiserum to PCV1 or PCV2, which was raised in rabbitsby immunization with PCV1 and PCV2 viral proteins, have been confirmed as type-specific by immunofluores- cence assay and western blot [25]. The amounts of specificantigen distributed in the tissues were scored blindly on a scale of 0 (for no signal) to 3 (for a strong positive signal). Statistical analysis Results were presented as averages ± the standard devia- tions. Associations between rates of pathological lessions (normal, mild, moderate and severe) and amounts of viral antigens in the lymph nodes (negative, mild, moderate andstrong) were assessed using the χ 2test. Differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors ’contributions JS designed the whole project, carried out the DNA clone construction, performed data analysis and drafted the manuscript. XZ contributed to the construction of PCV12DNA clone, serological study and histopathologicalanalysis. WC performed in vitro characterization of PCV12 DNA clone. KLShuai et al. Virology Journal 2013, 10:16 Page 7 of 8 http://www.virologyj.com/content/10/1/16" 133 W4285529981.pdf 0 "Вісник Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка Серія фізико-математичні науки 2021, 4 Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Series Physics & Mathematics УДК 539.375 Зражевський Г.М.1, к.ф.-м.н., доцент, Зражевська В.Ф.2, к.ф.-м.н., доцент. Комбінування детермінованого та стохастичного методів до розв’язання задачі дефектоскопії пружного стрижня 1 Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, 83000, м. Київ, пр-т. Глушкова 4д, е-mail: zgrig@univ.kiev.ua 2 Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського», 03056, м. Київ, пр-т. Перемоги, 37, е-mail: vera.zrazhevska@gmail.com G.M. Zrazhevsky1, PhD, V.F. Zrazhevska2, PhD. Deterministic and stochastic methods combining while solving the problem of defectoscopy of an elastic rod 1 Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 83000, Kyiv, Glushkova av., 4d, е-mail: zgrig@univ.kiev.ua 2 National Technical University of Ukraine ""Igor Sikorsky Kiev Polytechnic Institute"", 03056, Kyiv, Peremogi av., 37, е-mail: vera.zrazhevska@gmail.com У роботі розглянута задача про власні гармонійні коливання пружного стрижня з вільними від напружень торцями при наявності в ньому одного або сукупності дефектів. Дефекти моделюються неоднорідністю модуля Юнга. За параметри дефектів прийняті їх розташування, геометричні розміри, що вважаються малими, та зміни пружних властивостей. Предметом дослідження є аналіз зсувів власних частот коливань, що спричинені дефектністю стрижня. Метою роботи є математичне обґрунтування для побудови швидких та стійких алгоритмів визначення параметрів дефектності пружних тіл шляхом аналізу вільних коливань. У роботі використовуються та порівнюються принципово різні методи дослідження. Перші методи є класичними математичними методами механіки, що застосовуються до аналізу детермінованих систем та базуються на аналітичних дослідженнях, поєднаних з чисельною реалізацією. На противагу їм, для розв’язання оберненої задачі використаний Bootstrap-aggregated Regression Trees (BART) - метаалгоритм композиційного машинного навчання, що стандартним чином застосовується в статистичній класифікації та регресуванні. Ключові слова: гармонійні коливання стрижня, власні частоти, дефектоскопія, Bootstrap- aggregated Regression Trees. The paper considers the problem of natural harmonic oscillations of an elastic rod with stress-free ends in the presence of one or a set of defects. Defects are modeled by the inhomogeneity of the Young's modulus. The location of the defects, their geometric size, which is considered small, and the change in elastic properties are the parameters of the defects. The analysis of natural frequency shifts caused by the defect of the rod is the subject of the study. The aim of the work is a mathematical substantiation for the construction of fast and stable algorithms for determining the defect parameters of elastic bodies by analyzing free oscillations. The paper uses and compares fundamentally different research methods. The first methods are classical mathematical methods of mechanics, applied to the analysis of deterministic systems and based on analytical studies combined with numerical implementation. In contrast, a composite machine learning meta-algorithm used in standard statistical classification and regression - Bootstrap-aggregated Regression Trees (BART) - is used to solve the inverse problem. When comparing the constructed algorithms, the statistical method Sampling was used, which allowed to quantify the accuracy and stability of the algorithms. Key words: harmonic rod oscillations, natural frequencies, flaw detection, Bootstrap-aggregated Regression Trees. Статтю представив д.ф.-м.н., проф. , член-кор. НАН України Жук Я.О. © Г.М. Зражевський, В.Ф. Зражевська, 2021 35 https://doi.org/10.17721/1812-5409.2021/4.4" 134 W2063471760.pdf 3 "perpendicular to the root axis (Figures 1b, 2c). Nevertheless, meticulous observations revealed three exceptions. First, cortical microtubules exhibited random orientation in cells that had just accomplished cell division (Figure 1c, pointed by arrow). Second, in cells preparing for formative divisions, either periclinal or tangentially anticlinal, cortical microtubules were transverse to the growth axis of each cell but not to the root axis (Figure 1d, arrow). Third, cortical microtubules under the external protodermal cell wall exhibited a loose longitudinal (i.e. parallel to the root axis) orientation (Figure 1e, arrows) similar to the pattern reported previously [ 39]. However, in these cells cortical microtubules under the radial anticlinal walls and the inner periclinal wall were transversely oriented, perpendicular to the root axis (Figures 1f, pointed by arrows). Apart from these deviations, microtubules were transverse in the inner cell files of the meristematic root zone, including the cortex, endodermis and stele (Figures 1b). In the transition zone, cortical microtubules under the external protodermal cell wall shifted from loosely longitudinal (Figure 3a; included in bracket) to transverse (Figure 3a , arrows). Consequently, transverse microtubule orientation was uniform in every cell of this zone (Figure 2c), as well as of the fast elongation zone (Figures 3b, c, 2c), while this pattern was altered in the cells of the growth terminating zone (Figure 3d , arrows; [ 35]). Accordingly, transverse orientation of cortical microtubules was established in the meristematic zone and persisted through the transition and fast elongation zones of A. thaliana root. Inhibition of cellulose biosynthesis resulted in reorientation of cortical microtubules in the fast elongation zone To address the question whether defective cell wall synthesis may influence the orientation of microtubules in root tips, the pattern of cortical microtubules in than heterozygous and pom2-4 root tips was examined. The function of CesA3 is aberrant in than mutants, resulting in reduced cellulose synthesis and plant growth [ 33]. Heterozygous than/ + plants are semi-dwarf (Figure 2j), while than homozygous seedlings die soon after germination [ 33]. Homozygous CSI1 /pom-pom2 (csi1/pom2 ) seedlings also exhibit reduced growth phenotype (Figure 2j) with decreased cellulose content and defective hypocotyl and root cell elongation [12-14]. Similarly to wild-type root tips, cortical microtubule orientation was transverse in the meristematic (Figures 4a, pointed by arrows, 4d) and transition (Figures 4b, included by bracket, 4e) zones of than/+ and pom2-4 (Figures 2d, e) root tips. Cortical microtubules remained transverse in the epidermal cells of the fast elongation zone located close to the transition zone, while the orientation changed in the elongated cells proximal to the growth terminating zone in both than/+ (Figures 2e, 4b, c , arrows) and pom2-4 (Figures 2d, 4f). Measurements of the LEH and of the length of adjacent elongation zone epidermal cells confirmed that the final cell length was significantly reduced in both mutants compared to wild-type seedlings (Figures 2a, b). These results demonstrate that genetic defects in cellulose synthesis restrain cell expansion and modify theorientation of cortical microtubules only in the zone of fast elongation. Given that genetic impairment of cellulose synthesis induced the above results, we assessed the effect of chemical inhibition of cellulose synthesis on cortical microtubules. The cellulose synthesis inhibitor isoxaben [ 40] was applied on wild-type (Figure 2k) and mutant seedlings. Isoxaben treatment for 4-6 h did not exert any effect on the transverse microtubule orientation of the cells in the meristematic (Figure 2f, 5a) and transition (Figures 2f, 5d , arrowheads) zones of wild-type roots. Cortical microtubules remained transverse in the short cells located rootward in the fast elongation zone (Figure S1 , arrows), but were reoriented in the elongated epidermal cells located shootward, proximal to the growth terminating zone (Figures 2f, 5e). Isoxaben treatment for 6 h also reduced the length of fast elongation zone cells in wild-type roots, as indicated by measurements of the LEH and of the length of adjacent cells rootward (Figures 2a, b). This also indicates that a biophysical feedback from the cell wall affects the transverse orientation of cortical microtubules. The pattern of microtubule organization in than/+ and pom2-4 meristematic zone cells remained transverse when treated with isoxaben (Figures 5b, c), but it was altered in the cells of the transition and fast elongation zones (Figures 5f, g ). The extension of microtubule reorientation in the transition zone results from the combinatorial action of genetic defects and chemical inhibition of cellulose synthesis, indicating that intense perturbation of cellulose biosynthesis affected the pattern rootward. This also underlines the interplay between cellulose synthesis and microtubule orientation. Inhibition of cell expansion results in cortical microtubule reorientation in the elongation zone Since impaired cellulose synthesis reduced cell length and concomitantly induced cortical microtubule reorientation, the effects of cell growth inhibitors on the orientation of microtubules were investigated (Figure 2k). The cellulose- binding stain Congo red inhibits cell expansion without affecting cellulose synthesis, by potentially uncoupling cellulose polymerization from its crystallization into microfibrils [ 41,42]. Similarly to isoxaben, Congo red apparently decreased cell length in the fast elongation zone (Figures 2a, b). Cortical microtubule orientation remained transverse in the meristematic and transition zones of wild-type root tips treated with Congo red for 6 h (Figures 2g, 6a, b, arrowheads). However, in the fast elongation zone this pattern changed in the cells located shootward, close to the growth terminating zone (Figures 2g, 6c, arrows), albeit it was still transverse in the cells located rootward, close to the transition zone ( Figure 6c; included in bracket). As expected, the meristematic cells of wild-type roots treated simultaneously with Congo red and isoxaben for 6 h had transverse cortical microtubules (Figure 6d). However, the orientation was modified in the cells of the transition and fast elongation zones (Figures 6e, f). In pom2-4 and than/+ root tips treated with Congo red cortical microtubules remained transverse in the meristematic (Figures 7a, b) and transitionCortical Microtubules in Arabidopsis thaliana Root PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 4 December 2013 | Volume 8 | Issue 12 | e82442" 135 W4392466785.pdf 3 "e-ISSN : 2828 -0490 86 | Dina Kartika, Riska , Yessi Mardiana ; Dns Server And Web Server ... 4. Implementation . Dalam implementasi networker’s akan menerapkan semua yang telah direncanakan dan di design sebelumnya. Implementasi merupakan tahapan yang sangat menetukan dari berhasil atau gagalnya projek yang akan di bangun. 5. Monitoring. Tahapan monitoring merupakan tahapan yang penting, agar jaringan komputer dan komunikasi dapat berjalan sesuai dengan ke inginan. 6. Management . Pada manajement perhatian khusus adalah masalah policy, kebijakan perlu dibuat untuk membuat a tau mengatur agar system yang telah dibangun berjalan dengan baik dapat berlangsung lama dan unsur reliability terjaga. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan 5 tahap terdiri dari pengujian performansi dengan 10 user, 20 user,30 user,50 user dan 100 user sebagai berikut : 1. Pengujian performansi dengan 10 user pengujian ini menggunakan perintah top pada linux. perintah ini digunakan untuk melihat proses yang sedang berjalan, pada gambar 2. terdapat proses bind yaitu proses aplikasi DNS server . Digunakan untuk mengubah ip address menjadi nama domain. Terdapat pula proses root merupakan proses login user root pada server . Proses www -data digunakan untuk menyimpan konfigurasi data web server . Selain itu terdapat pula proses login user root d an dina. Ketika 10 user mengakses web server secara bersamaan didapatkan memory yang digunakan sebesar 205.1 mb dengan persentase cpu 0.5 %. Gambar 2 Pengujian Performansi Dengan 10 User Pada gambar 3. pengujian network menggunakan aplikasi nl oad pada akses 10 user menghasilkan bandwith masuk sebesar 112.74 kBit/s dan bandwith keluar 1.96 MBit/s rata -rata bandwith saat mengakses menggunakan 10 user sebesar 62.11kBit/s. Total bandwith pada saat akses 10 user sebesar 1.72 Mbyte." 136 W3134490656.pdf 1 "Page 2 of 4 Opinion Paper http://www.sajid.co.za Open AccessMechanism of action of Bacille Calmette – Guerin and purified protein derivative When exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen, the sensitisation initiates in the regional lymph nodes where T-lymphocytes proliferate in response to the antigenic stimulus to give rise to specifically sensitised lymphocytes, which may exist in the circulation up to many years. Antigen is presented to T-cells by being ingested by antigen presenting cells (APC), which then present it on their surface to lymphocytes in combination with various major histocompatibility molecules once they reach local lymph nodes. Purified protein derivative (PPD) is a source of mycobacterial antigens, which consist of approximately 200 protein allergens obtained from the precipitate of M. tuberculosis culture supernatant. When these antigens are injected intradermally into the skin, activated T-lymphocytes mount immune response to these antigens. Molecular analyses of PPD has revealed that four heat shock proteins (GroEl, GroEs, DnaK and HspX) contribute to roughly 60% of the PPD proteomic content. These chaperone proteins share a high homology and are conserved amongst most mycobacterial species.5,6 Purified protein derivative most likely interacts with toll- like receptor 2 expressed on APCs that initiates an inflammatory response. Subsequent restimulation of the sensitised lymphocytes with the same or a similar antigen, such as the intradermal injection of PPD, evokes a local reaction mediated by these cells. This reaction is referred to as a delayed-type hypersensitivity response that includes vasodilation, edema and the infiltration of lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes and neutrophils into the site of antigen injection. The sensitised antigen-specific T-lymphocytes proliferate and release lymphokines, which mediate the accumulation of other cells at the site. In vitro studies show that PPD promotes the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in T-lymphocytes through MHC class II interaction with CD4+ T-lymphocyte interaction.7 The reactions are evident after 5–6 h following administration. Purified protein derivative is a cell-free purified protein fraction obtained from a human strain of M. tuberculosis grown on a protein-free synthetic medium and inactivated. The sensitisation following BCG injection occurs primarily in the regional lymph nodes. T-lymphocytes proliferate in response to the antigenic stimulus to give rise to specifically sensitised lymphocytes. After 3–8 weeks, these lymphocytes enter the blood stream and circulate for years. Subsequent restimulation of these sensitised lymphocytes with the PPD evokes a strong cellular immune response. Purified protein derivative is a complex mixture of mycobacterial peptides, which cannot initiate an immune response to itself when injected alone in the body of a naïve animal or human not sensitised with mycobacterial antigens. However, if PPD is injected in an animal presensitised with mycobacterial antigens, it elicits a strong immune response to itself. Purified protein derivative acts as a strong carrier molecule when conjugated with a hapten and injected in an animal presensitised with mycobacterial antigens,8 for example, infection with mycobacteria or vaccination with BCG. It stimulates T-helper response to itself and a high magnitude immune response (humoral and cellular) to the hapten conjugated to it because of the linked recognition of the hapten and the carrier PPD. The same principle has been exploited earlier to enhance anti-tumour immune response9 by conjugating PPD onto the tumour cells and injecting it into BCG primed mice. However, in this model, the lymphokine secretion by PPD – specific helper T-cells will be directed onto the target PPD – bearing tumour cells and the proliferation of anti-tumour lymphocytes will be the result of the bystander effect. The hypothesis of strategy for selective in vivo immunostimulation An alternative strategy proposed by us10 envisaged a focused secretion of lymphokines like IL2 by helper T-cells directly onto the effector lymphocytes (anti-tumour T-cells in our case) bringing in a high magnitude of selective in vivo amplification of desired T-cells minimising the chances of non-specific amplification of harmful lymphocytes like the anti-idiotypic or the suppressor lymphocytes and phagocytes. B-cells constitutively express MHC class II molecules and can process and present antigens to helper T-cells. Activated T-lymphocytes (including the cytotoxic T-cells) from some species of animals such as rats and humans express MHC class II molecules on their surface and can present antigenic peptides to the helper T-cells. Purified protein derivative is a complex mixture of mycobacterial peptides and can be presented by MHC II bearing cells without any further processing. We had proposed10 that in vitro activated autologous anti- tumour T-cells bearing MHC II on their surface, if pulsed with PPD and re-infused in a BCG – primed patient, can activate PPD – specific helper T-cells and the focused secretion of lymphokines like the IL-2 can selectively amplify the anti-tumour T-cell response by their proliferation and activation in a specific manner bypassing the suppression exerted by the anti-idiotypic and suppressor cells ( Figure 1). Bacille Calmette – Guerin boosts the immune system to fight not only against tuberculosis but other infections also. A 2018 study suggested that the BCG vaccine reduced yellow fever vaccine viremia by 71 % in volunteers in the Netherlands. Two mice studies showed that it reduces the severity of mengovirus (encephalomyocarditis virus) infection.1 Purified protein derivative immunotherapy for the treatment of warts involves single or multiple intradermal injections of PPD antigens in the substance of viral warts at the specific interval till there is a disappearance of viral warts. Repeated injections mount booster response to PPD antigens. Activated" 137 W4220701469.pdf 1 "Page 2/25Abstract We present a seismic source characterization model for the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) of the Isfahan urban area, Iran. We compiled the required datasets including the earthquake catalogue and the geological and seismotectonic structure and faults systems within the study region to delineate and characterize seismic source models. We identi" 138 W4391615626.pdf 0 "Xi and Yang Lipids in Health and Disease (2024) 23:40 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-024-02027-x RESEARCH Open Access © The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Lipids in Health and Disease Association between cardiometabolic index and controlled attenuation parameter in U.S. adults with NAFLD: findings from NHANES (2017–2020) Wen‑feng Xi1 and Ai‑ming Yang1* Abstract Background Cardiometabolic index (CMI), a novel indicator that combines abdominal obesity and lipid levels, has been confirmed to correlate with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, limited research has been conducted on the relationship between CMI and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), a parameter measured by transient elastography and reflecting the extent of fat accumulation in the liver. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between the two variables. Methods This was a cross‑sectional study with a sample size of 1,759 U.S. adults with NAFLD sourced from the NHANES 2017–2020. Participants with a median CAP ≥ 248 dB/m were considered to have hepatic steatosis. CMI was calculated as [waist circumference (cm)/height(cm)]×[TG (mmol/L)/HDL ‑C (mmol/L)]. Multivariate linear regression, generalized additive model and subgroup analysis were employed to examine the association of CMI and CAP . Results The average age of the 1,759 participants was 50.2 years, with males accounting for 50.76% and females 49.24%. The average BMI was 32.23 kg/m². The multivariate linear regression model indicated that with every 1‑unit increase in CMI, there was an associated rise of 10.40 dB/m in CAP (95% CI, 7.14–13.67) after adjusting for covariates and a p for trend < 0.05 suggested the existence of a linear association between the two variables. Similarly, general‑ ized additive model also found it a roughly linear relationship between the two. Subgroup analysis revealed a positive correlation in the majority of subgroups. Conclusions CMI was positively associated with CAP in U.S. adults with NAFLD. Our findings indicated that CMI may serve as an ideal indicator for monitoring the degree of hepatic steatosis among patients with NAFLD. Keywords Non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, CMI, NHANES, Crosssectional study Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) stands as the predominant etiological factor behind chronic liver dis - eases with a prevalence of up to approximately 25% [1]. Concurrently, with the escalating prevalence of obe - sity and metabolic syndrome, the global incidence of NAFLD exhibits an upward trajectory. NAFLD harbors the potential for deleterious progression, ranging from *Correspondence: Ai‑ming Yang yangam2020@126.com 1 Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China" 139 W2548069382.pdf 5 "Proof For Review 5identify the δ 13 C changes associated with ROECE and DICE, carbonate and organic 109 carbon isotope results are presented here. 110 111 2. Geological setting and study locations 112 An almost continuous belt of Cambro0Ordovician rock s crop out along the 113 Caledonian foreland within the Moine Thrust Zone of northwestern Scotland, from 114 Loch Eriboll in the north to the Isle of Skye in th e southwest (Fig. 1 ; Raine & Smith, 115 2012) . These strata record deposition on the southeaster n Laurentian margin and 116 are characterised by the predominance of marine san dstones of the Ardvreck Group 117 and limestones and dolostones of the Durness Group. The Salterella Grit Member of 118 the An t0Sròn Formation forms the uppermost part of the Ardvreck Group and 119 consists of Skolithos 0bioturbated cross0stratified, quartz arenitic sandstones (McKie, 120 1989, 1990). The transition to the Ghrudaidh Format ion of the Durness Group marks 121 the establishment of a thick succession of doloston e and limestone beds that formed 122 in a range of supratidal, peritidal and shallow marin e carbonate platform deposits 123 (Raine & Smith, 2012). Quartz sand grains persist f or a few metres in the basal 124 Ghrudaidh Formation but their disappearance at high er levels has been attributed to 125 an abrupt transgression causing the sediment hinterland to b ecome far distant 126 (Raine & Smith, 2012). 127 128 2.a. Loch Eriboll (58°28'56.64"" N, 4°40'01.01"" W) 129 A promontory on the western shore of Loch Eriboll i s one of the few localities 130 in NW Scotland in which the An t0Sròn, Ghrudaidh an d the lower portion of the 131 Eilean Dubh formations are well exposed without a s ignificant tectonic break (Raine 132 & Smith, 2012). The outcrop spans the upper Pipe Ro ck Member of the Eriboll 133 Formation through the Fucoid and Salterella Grit me mbers, and the Ghrudaidh 134 Formation to a level above its boundary with the Ei lean Dubh Formation. 135 136 2.b. Ardvreck Castle (58°10'12.51"" N, 4°59'55.00"" W ) 137 Page 5 of 28 Proof For Review 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60" 140 W4250157793.pdf 10 "H. Shahverdi et al. / Clustering of parameter sensitivities: Examples from a helicopter airframe model updating exercise 85 Fig. 8. Correlation of the finite element model and test data. Fig. 9. MAC table after offset correction and updating. It is known that there are principally two tools, sensitivity analysis and subset selection, for the selection of parameters in model updating. In the case of very large and complicated systems these two tools on their own are insufficient to compare the many possible sensitivity columns. Clustering methods are able to carry out this taskefficiently and together with sensitivity analysis and subset selection provide a method for including the effects of" 141 W3201737220.pdf 10 "Revista Ibero - Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação - REASE Revista Ibero -Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação. São Paulo, v.7.n.9. set. 2 021. ISSN - 2675 – 3375 200 De acordo com as dimensões fornecidas, apenas um retângulo de 5X8, com perímetro de 26 unidade s obedeceria de forma aproximada o padrão áureo de 1,618. Dentro desse contexto, qual seria a probabilidade, de uma pessoa “ao acaso” pintar 26 quadradinhos de forma aleatória, e como consequência obter um retângulo que obedece a proporção ? Para responder essa pergunta, a fim de verificar a capacidade do acaso de gerar esse padrão precisamos determinar o número de eventos favoráveis ao experimento, e em seguida determinar o espaço amostral. Com o auxílio do software “scratch ”, verificou -se que o n úmero de retângulos áureos que podem ser construídos dentro da malha corresponde a um total de 27. Observe abaixo o exemplo de uma das 27 posições diferentes que o retângulo pode ser construído: Imagem 13 : Retângulo áureo Fonte: autor Agora é necessário determinar o espaço amostral, isto é, o número de combinações diferentes que podem ser feitas dentro da malha a partir do preenchimento de 26 quadrados, para isso usaremos a fórmula de combinação simples. Sendo C = combinações possíveis e sem repetição, n= total de elementos disponíveis para as combinações, e p = número de elementos que se deseja agrupar. Onde temos: " 142 W4245437313.pdf 17 "Trevor Cohn January 2012 - December 2012 (Austria)Learning. Adam Bermingham and Alan F. SmeatonIrish General Election, 2011.February 8th - February 25th 2011Hybrid Sentiment & Volume.+/- 3.7% MAE Andreas Jungherr2009 German Federal ElectionMid June - Early October 2009Hashtag volume.The volume of usage a particular hashtag receives is not predictive of a party's/candidates vote share. Erik Tjong Kim Sang and Johan Bos2011 Dutch Senate ElectionsFebruary 16th 2011Volume Based. Sentiment Based.A wide swing in terms of MAE. 17% in some cases. Andranik Tumasjan, Timm O. Sprenger, Philipp G. Sandner, Isabell M. Welpe2009 German Federal ElectionAugust 13th - September 19th 2009Sentiment Based. Volume Based.Raw volume based model was able to predict election result with a MAE of +/- 1.65% 12 " 143 W2969922999.pdf 1 "168 PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTSAs a result, the aim of this study was to investigate effects of Wingate-based HIIT on aerobic and anaerobic performances of kick boxers. Material and Method Participants Twenty-three male kick boxer (age 19.39 ± 0.72 y, body mass 74.14 ± 6.22 kg, height 177.95 ± 5.29 cm) voluntarily participated in this study. Participants were informed about the study in detail. All participants were told to refrain from strenuous training, food consumption 2 hours before the experiment, not to change their food habits and consume alcohol. Study designExperimental study design was used. 24 male kick box athletes who regularly trained voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. As well as their training routine, experimental group carried out Wingate-based HIIT 3 times per week with 1 day intervals for two weeks. Each training session involved a 10 min warm-up followed by a HIT program consisting of 4-5x30 s all-out sprints with a 4 min recovery. A 5 min cool down period was then performed. Body fat percentages, aerobic and anaerobic performances of the athletes were evaluated before and after the study. Pre and post tests were carried out 72 hours before and 48 hours after the training, respectively. All participant followed the same diet throughout the study. Study protocolHeight, body mass index (BMI), body fat weight, body fat percentage (BFP), aerobic capacity (VO2 max), anaerobic capacity, were measured before and after the training. To find the aerobic strength of the subjects, 20m shuttle run test was applied. All-out 30s WanT was applied to determine anaerobic performance of the athletes. Height was measured with a stadiometer (Holtain, England) and body mass was measured with Jowan Segmental Body Composition Analyzer (Korea) to the nearest 100 gr. High Intensity Interval Training ProgramAs well as their training routine, experimental group carried out Wingate-based HIIT with a resistance equal to %7.5 of body weight 3 times per week for two weeks. Athletes carried out four HIIT (4X30s) during the first week and 5 repetition (5X30s) during the second week. Control Group Training ProgramControl group practiced typical kickbox training for 3 days with 1 day intervals for two weeks. During the first and second weeks of the training plan a and plan b were performed, respectively. Athletes used all the protective materials that are used during the competition. Plan a: After 20 minutes of warm-up, athletes performed 5 different technique combinations specific to kickbox competitions for 2 minutes with 1 min intervals. Then, athletes performed 3 different games specific to kickbox competition in order to improve distance control for 2 minutes. Lastly, athletes were paired and carried out 3 round simulated kickbox fight. Plan b: athletes performed the same program as the first week with increased number of repetitions and content of the techniques. Following a 20 min warm-up, athletes applied 7 different combinations of attack and defense techniques. Combinations lasted 2 min with 1 min intervals. Then, 5 X 2 min imaginary workout was carried out with 1 min intervals. At last, athletes were paired and carried out 3 round simulated kickbox fight. Statistical AnalysisDescriptive statistic test was used to show mean and standard deviation of the variables. The differences obtained from two groups were evaluated inter and intra-group. Mann Whitney-U Test was used to determine the differences between two groups. Wicoxon Signed Rank Test was used to determine intra-group differences. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 22 and p value was set at p<0.05. ResultsTable 1 presents anthropometric profile of the athletes.Table 2 presents body mass, body fat percentage, Peak Power (W/kg), Mean Power (W/kg), Minimum Power (W/kg) and predicted VO 2max of the kick box athletes. When the pre-test results presented by both groups were compared, there was no difference (p>0.05). Accordingly, differences between groups are as follow: body mass (z= -0.291, p= 0.771), body fat percentages (Z= -0.355, p= 0.722), Peak Power (Z= -1.743, p= 0.081), Mean Power (Z= -1.906, p= 0.057), Minimum Power (Z= -0.775, p= 0.438), and predicted VO 2max (Z=0.065, p= 0.945). Nevertheless, significant differences were found between both groups in PP, MP (p<0.05) after 2 weeks of HIIT while there was no difference in body mass, body fat percentage and predicted VO 2max. Accordingly, differences between groups are as follow: body mass (Z= -0.071, p= 0.776), body fat percentage (Z= -0.797, p= 0.426), Peak Power (Z= -3.22, p= 0.001*), Mean Power (Z= -2.68, p= 0.008*), Minimum power (Z= -2.00, p= 0.045*), estimated VO 2max (Z=-1,03, p= 0.302). Table 1. Anthropometric profile of kick boxers Variable (n=24) Mean±SD Age (y) 19.39 ± 0.72 Height (cm) 177.95 ± 5.29 Weight (kg) 74.14 ± 6.22 Body fat percentage (%) 11.96 ± 3.27" 144 W3115271997.pdf 3 "359 Kekuatan Hukum Alat Bukti Keterangan Saksi Yang Sedarah Dengan Terdakwa Dalam Proses Pembuktian Di Pengadilan C. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN Arti umum dari kata “saksi” adalah seorang yang memberikan keterangan untuk membuktikan keterangan suat u peristiwa. Keterangan saksi adalah salah satu alat bukti dalam perkara pidana yang berupa keterangan saksi mengenai suatu peristiwa pidana yang ia dengar sendiri, ia lihat sendiri dan ia alami sendiri dengan menyebut alasan dari pengetahuannya itu (Pasal 1 butir 27 KUHAP). Umumnya semua orang dapat menjadi saksi. Kekecualian menjadi saksi tercantum dalam Pasal 168 KUHAP : 1. Keluarga sedarah atau semenda adalam garis lurus ke atas atau ke bawah sampai derajat ketiga dari terdakwa atau yang bersama -sama sebag ai terdakwa; 2. Saudara dari terdakwa atau yang bersama -sama sebagai terdakwa, saudara ibu atau saudara bapak, juga mereka yang mempunyai hubungan karena perkawinan dan anak -anak saudara terdakwa sampai derajat ketiga; 3. Suami atau istri terdakwa meskipun sudah bercerai atau yang bersama -sama sebagai terdakwa (Andi Hamzah. 200 9:268). Pengecualian dapat dilakukan apabila dari mereka menghendaki untuk disumpah dan disetujui oleh Penuntut Umum dan terdakwa seperti tercantum pada Pasal 169 ayat (1) KUHAP. Apabila sa ksi dari keluarga terdakwa bersedia untuk di sumpah maka keterangan yang ia berikan dapat dinilai sebagai alat bukti, dan keterangan tersebut dapat dipersamakan dengan alat bukti saksi yang sah lainnya. Mengenai pertimbangan saksi yang masih keluarga terda kwa disumpah atau tidak bahwa sebelumnya Hakim menanyakan terlebih dahulu kepada saksi tersebut, apakah ingin mengundurkan diri atau bersedia untuk di sumpah. Apabila saksi tersebut memilih untuk tidak disumpah maka melihat dari keterangan saksi lainnya ap akah ada persesuaian, dan keterangan saksi yang tidak disumpah dapat ditambahkan sebagai petunjuk untuk menguatkan keyakinan hakim. Pada perkara Nomor 132 / Pid.Sus / 2015 / PN.Smn, saksi -saksi yang diajukan oleh Jaksa Penuntut Umum yang berjumlah 9 orang, dua orang dari saksi tersebut adalah anggota keluarga dari terdakwa yaitu yang berinisial (My) dan (Dw), saksi tersebut merupakan anak dari terdakwa (Ar). Namun sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 169 ayat (1) KUHAP, maka saksi tersebut dapat memberi keterangan pada persidangan karena saksi tersebut telah bersedia memberikan keterangan di bawah sumpah dan penuntut umum serta terdakwa menyetujuinya. Saksi dari anggota keluarga yaitu (My) dan (Dw) yang merupakan anak dari terdakwa telah memenuhi syarat sah menjadi seorang saksi dan keterangan yang diberikannya bersesuaian dengan saksi -saksi yang lain sehingga merupakan alat bukti yang sah dan dapat dipersamakan dengan alat bukti saksi yang lain. Saksi dari anggota keluarga yaitu (My) dan (Dw) sudah sesuai dengan ke tentuan Pasal 160 ayat (3) KUHAP, Pasal 1 angka 27 KUHAP serta Pasal 185 ayat (1) KUHAP. Berdasarkan keterangan saksi pada perkara Nomor: 132 / Pid.Sus / 2015 / PN.Smn, masing -masing dari 9 orang saksi termasuk anak dari terdakwa yang berinisial (My) dan ( Dw) telah memenuhi syarat sah menjadi seorang saksi, meliputi syarat formal dan syarat materiil. a. Syarat Formal Bahwa keterangan saksi hanya dapat dianggap sah, apabila diberikan di bawah sumpah sebagaimana telah diatur dalam Pasal 160 ayat (3) KUHAP. Keter angan saksi yang tidak di bawah sumpah hanya boleh dipergunakan sebagai" 145 W4389989374.pdf 0 "Retraction Retracted: Sports Augmented Cognitive Bene fits: An fMRI Study of Executive Function with Go/NoGo Task Neural Plasticity Received 19 December 2023; Accepted 19 December 2023; Published 20 December 2023 Copyright ©2023 Neural Plasticity. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investi- gation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation hasuncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: (1) Discrepancies in scope (2) Discrepancies in the description of the research reported(3) Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described (4) Inappropriate citations (5) Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article (6) Manipulated or compromised peer review The presence of these indicators undermines our con fidence in the integrity of the article ’s content and we cannot, therefore, vouch for its reliability. Please note that this notice is intended solely to alert readers that the content of this article is unreliable.We have not investigated whether authors were aware of orinvolved in the systematic manipulation of the publicationprocess. In addition, our investigation has also shown that one or more of the following human-subject reporting requirementshas not been met in this article: ethical approval by an Institu-tional Review Board (IRB) committee or equivalent, patient/participant consent to participate, and/or agreement to publishpatient/participant details (where relevant). Wiley and Hindawi regrets that the usual quality checks did not identify these issues before publication and have since putadditional measures in place to s afeguard research integrity. We wish to credit our own Research Integrity and Research Publishing teams and anonymous and named externalresearchers and research integrity experts for contributing tothis investigation.The corresponding author, as the representative of all authors, has been given the opportunity to register their agree-ment or disagreement to this retraction. We have kept a record of any response received. References [1] Q. Ding, L. Huang, J. Chen et al., “Sports Augmented Cognitive Benefits: An fMRI Study of Executive Function with Go/NoGo Task, ”Neural Plasticity , vol. 2021, Article ID 7476717, 6 pages, 2021.Hindawi Neural Plasticity Volume 2023, Article ID 9867463, 1 page https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9867463 " 146 W2009523693.pdf 9 "L. F. T. Mukwa et al . 656 Annexes (a) (a & b) (b) Figure 1. Molecular detection of Banana bunchy top virus on 54 samples from Bas Congo and urban and péri urban Ki n- shasa province. Thesites surveyed were: ( a) In Bas Congo: Kasavubu-lukula, kinzita -lukula, patuzemba-lukula, kok o- lo-lukula, 4janvier -lukula ,mawusa -lukula , inera luki, Luila, M’vuazi 1, Kisantu, Madimba, Ki nzokimosi, Mbanzangungu, Mwenge - lukula, ELPV lukula. ( b) In Kinshasa urban and peri urban: Selembao, KindeleI Montnga fula, Cité verte, N’Dj ili secomaf, djili brasserie, Menkao, Bandalungwa, Kalamu, Kingabwa, Malueka et Kinsuka pompage, Kasangulu, Maluku . " 147 W2955954846.pdf 3 "ISSN: 2320 -5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 7(5), 858-862 861 Table 1:-Intergroup Comparison of Pre menarche and Menarche Group Discussion :- The aim of the study was to compare the fitness level of female sports players in pre menarche and menarche phase. The fitness tests were performed among 100 female sports players, out of which 50 were in pre menarche phase and 50 in menarche phase. Results showed there was a significant difference in the muscle strength, endurance, flexibility and agility . But there was no significant difference in the cardiovascular endurance. Thus, we reject the null hypothesis.Thus menarche has certain effects on the physical fitness of females. According to Goswami in 2014, the pubertal growth and hence the physical fitness is directly and indirectly affected by the hormonal changes during this period.(1) Among the several fitness variables body composition, muscle strength and bone development have been found to be mostly affected by the puberty.(10) According to Fard and colleagues in 2017, significant difference in physical fitness level in early and late puberty was due to natural grow and increase of muscle size and also, indicative of the lack of impact of puberty factor in drop of physical fitness level.(2) According to Fard and colleagues in 2017, significant difference in physical fitness level in early an d late puberty was due to natural grow and increase of muscle size and also, indicative of the lack of impact of puberty factor in drop of physical fitness level.(2) Estrogen up regulates the ability of muscles to contract by about 10%, with a peak in st rength just before ovulation (Day MA in 2015). Improvements of heart size with greater aerobic fitness should occur due to increase in lung size, skeletal muscle mass, musclecapillarization. (1) Menarcheal physical activity participation would be positiv ely associated with lean mass and strength development. (3) Puberty alters the aerobic fitness by increasing body size, dimension of the heart, lungs, muscles and circulatory system.(9) The key factors of physical fitness development are growth, developm ent, and the maturation rate ( Matejek in 2013).(4) 13.68 16.86 23.38 24.24 81.18 125 15.18 17.94 26.64 26.6 84.52 125.36 020406080100120140 Pre Post SU QJ VJ SR CARDIOPre Menarche Menarche" 148 W2124590669.pdf 6 "Publish with BioMed Central and every scientist can read your work free of charge ""BioMed Central will be the most significant development for disseminating the results of biomedical research in our lifetime."" Sir Paul Nurse, Cancer Research UK Your research papers will be: available free of charge to the entire biomedical community peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance cited in PubMed and archived on PubMed Central yours — you keep the copyright Submit your manuscript here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/publishing_adv.aspBioMed centralFrontiers in Zoology 2009, 6:25 http://www.frontiersinz oology.com/content/6/1/25 Page 7 of 7 (page number not for citation purposes)4. Lohmann KJ: Magnetic orientation by hatchling loggerhead sea turtles (Car etta caretta). J Exp Biol 1991, 155:37-49. 5. Burda H, Marhold S, Westenberger T, Wiltschko R, Wiltschko W: Magnetic compass orientation in the subterranean rodent Cryptomys hottentotus (Bathyergidae). Experientia 1990, 46(5): 528-530. 6. Wang Y, Pan Y, Parsons S, Walker M, Zhang S: Bats respond to polarity of a magnetic field. Proc Biol Sci 2007, 274(1627): 2901-2905. 7. Muheim R, Edgar NM, Sloan KA, Phillips JB: Magnetic compass ori- entation in C5 7BL/6J mice. Learn Behav 2006, 34(4): 366-73. 8. Wiltschko W, Wiltschko R: Magnetoreception in birds: two receptors for two different tasks. J Ornithol 2007, 148:61-76. 9. Wiltschko W: On the effect of static magnetic fields on the migratory orientation of the robin (Erithacus rubecula). Z Tierpsychol 1968, 25(5): 537-558. 10. Walcott C, Green RP: Orientation of homing pigeons altered by a change in the direction of an applied magnetic field. Sci- ence 1974, 184(133): 180-182. 11. Freire R, Munro UH, Rogers LJ, Wiltschko R, Wiltschko W: Chick- ens orient using a magnetic compass. Curr Biol 2005, 15(16): R620-621. 12. Wiltschko W, Freire R, Munro U, Ritz T, Rogers L, Thalau P, Wilt- schko R: The magnetic compass of domestic chickens, Gallus gallus. J Exp Biol 2007, 210(Pt 13): 2300-2310. 13. Voss J, Keary N, Bischof HJ: The use of the geomagnetic field for short distance orientation in zebra finches. Neuroreport 2007, 18(10): 1053-1057. 14. Beason RC, Nichols JE: Magnetic orientatio n and magnetically sensitive material in a tr ansequatorial migratory bird. Nature 1984, 309:151-153. 15. Williams MN, Wild JM: Trigeminally innervat ed iron-containing structures in the beak of ho ming pigeons, and other birds. Brain Res 2001, 889(1-2): 243-246. 16. Fleissner G, Holtkamp-Rotzler E, Hanzlik M, Winklhofer M, Fleissner G, Petersen N, Wiltschko W: Ultrastructural analysis of a puta- tive magnetoreceptor in th e beak of homing pigeons. J Comp Neurol 2003, 458(4): 350-360. 17. Kirschvink JL, Gould JL: Biogenic magnetite as a basis for mag- netic field detection in animals. Biosystems 1981, 13(3): 181-201. 18. Fleissner G, Stahl B, Thalau P, Falkenberg G, Fleissner G: A novel concept of Fe-mineral-based magnetoreception: histological and physicochemical data from the upper beak of homing pigeons. Naturwissenschaften 2007, 94(8): 631-642. 19. Beason R, Semm P: Does the avian ophthalmic nerve carry magnetic navigational information? J Exp Biol 1996, 199(Pt 5):1241-1244. 20. Schulten K, Windemuth A: Model for a physiological magnetic compass. In Biophysical Effects of Steady Magnetic Fields Edited by: Maret G, Boccara N, J K. New Yo rk, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 1986:99-106. 21. Ritz T, Adem S, Schulten K: A model for photoreceptor-based magnetoreception in birds. Biophys J 2000, 78(2): 707-718. 22. Thalau P, Ritz T, Stapput K, Wiltschko R, Wiltschko W: Magnetic compass orientation of migrator y birds in the presence of a 1.315 MHz oscillating field. Naturwissenschaften 2005, 92(2): 86-90. 23. Ritz T, Wiltschko R, Hore PJ, Rodgers CT, Stapput K, Thalau P, Tim- mel CR, Wiltschko W: Magnetic compass of birds is based on a molecule with optimal directional sensitivity. Biophys J 2009, 96(8): 3451-7. 24. Ritz T, Thalau P, Phillips JB, Wiltschko R, Wiltschko W: Resonance effects indicate a radical-pair mechanism for avian magnetic compass. Nature 2004, 429(6988): 177-180. 25. Thalau P, Ritz T, Burda H, Wegner RE, Wiltschko R: The magnetic compass mechanisms of birds and rodents are based on dif- ferent physical principles. J R Soc Interface 2006, 3(9): 583-587. 26. Wegner RE, Begall S, Burda H: Magnetic compass in the cornea: local anaesthesia impairs orientation in a mammal. J Exp Biol 2006, 209(Pt 23): 4747-4750. 27. Sancar A: Structure and function of DNA photolyase and cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptors. Chem Rev 2003, 103(6): 2203-2237. 28. Bailey MJ, Chong NW, Xiong J, Cassone VM: Chickens' Cry2: molecular analysis of an avia n cryptochrome in retinal and pineal photoreceptors. FEBS Lett 2002, 513(2-3): 169-174.29. Haque R, Chaurasia SS, Wessel JH 3rd, Iuvone PM: Dual regulation of cryptochrome 1 mRNA expre ssion in chic ken retina by light and circadian oscillators. Neuroreport 2002, 13(17): 2247-2251. 30. Moller A, Sagasser S, W iltschko W, Schierwater B: Retinal crypto- chrome in a migratory passerine bird: a possible transducer for the avian magnetic compass. Naturwissenschaften 2004, 91(12): 585-588. 31. Mouritsen H, Janssen-Bienhold U, Liedvogel M, Feenders G, Stal- leicken J, Dirks P, Weiler R: Cryptochromes and neuronal-activ- ity markers colocalize in the re tina of migratory birds during magnetic orientation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101(39): 14294-14299. 32. Thoss F, Bartsch B: The human visual threshold depends on direction and strength of a weak magnetic field. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2003, 189(10): 777-9. 33. Watanabe S, Bischof HJ: Effects of hippocampal lesions on acquisition and retention of spat ial learning in zebra finches. Behav Brain Res 2004, 155(1): 147-52. 34. Ericson PG, Anderson CL, Britton T, Elzanowski A, Johansson US, Kallersjo M, Ohlson JI, Pars ons TJ, Zuccon D, Mayr G: Diversifica- tion of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils. Biol Lett 2006, 2(4): 543-547." 149 W2736057678.pdf 8 "Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptFarquharson et al. Page 9 Table 1 List of 33 drugs included in the SERS library. All were measured at 100 μg/mL. acetaminophen cannabidiol heroin meperidine naltrexone phenylbarbitol amobarbitol cocaine hydrocodone mescaline nicotine secobarbitol amphetamine codeine hydroxy-THC methadone oxazepam varenicline buprenorphine Δ9-THC ibuprofen methamphetamine oxycodone buproprion diazepam MDA methylphenidate oxymorphone caffeine fentanyl MDMA morphine phencyclidine J Anal Bioanal Tech . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 June 01." 150 W2884309940.pdf 6 "3846 Human Molecular Genetics,2018,Vol. 27,No. 22 Figure 4. Assessment of ER stress in Col10a1 p.Tyr632stop MCDS mouse model. The cartilage growth plate extracts from three 21-day-old mice were analysed with qPCR for the expression of ( A)Bip,(B)Creld2and (C)ChopmRNAs. ( D) RT-PCR on cDNA drive form three pooled ribs growth plate extracts of 21-day-old mice to detect the unsliced form of Xbp1 (size =205 bp FL) or the active and spliced form of Xbp1 (Xbp1s) with the size of 179 bp ( −RT=minus reverse transcriptase control). (E) The average rate of Xbp1 splicing from three independent samples for each genotype. ( F) A typical western blots of rib growth plate extracts at 3 weeks of age for Bip,Creld2,Atf4 and cleaved and activated form of Atf6 αand Atf6 α(N),proteins.Coomassie blue-stained gel was used as loading control.( G–J) Quantification of ( G)B i p , (H)C r e l d 2 ,( I)A t f 4a n d( J )A t f 6 α(N) from three independent experiments.All statistical analyses by ANOVA.(*P<0.05,**P<0.01).Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/hmg/article/27/22/3840/5053937 by guest on 17 May 2024 " 151 W4362538902.pdf 1 "20BRAFV600E  RESISTANTIVCutaneousCT,  TT,  IT8056Back  noduleTargeted21BRAFV600E  RESISTANTIVCutaneousUnkwonn15070Right  LegTargeted22BRAFV600E  NAÏVEIVCutaneousNo  treatment5545Metastatectomy  left  chest  wallN/A23BRAF  MUTANTIVCutaneousIT,  TT,  IT756Excision  melanoma  Targeted24BRAF  wildtypeIVCutaneousIT5267Excision  melanoma  N/A25BRAFV600E  RESISTANTIVCutaneousTT055Excision  of  skin  lesion  to  scalpN/A26BRAFV600E  RESISTANTIVCutaneousTT,  IT054Subcutaneous  lesion  excision  Targeted27BRAFV600E  RESISTANTIVCutaneousTT,  IT061Excision  of  Tumor  deposits  Targeted28BRAFL597P/NRASE153KIVCutaneousCT,  IT075Excision  of  lesion  to  back  regionWES29BRAFV600E  NAÏVEIIICutaneousNo  treatment074Metastatic  deposits  left  Targeted30BRAFK601EIVCutaneousCT,  IT038Ultrasound  guided  biopsy  of  N/A31BRAFV600E  RESISTANTIVCutaneousTT,  IT062Melanoma  deposit  right  Targeted32BRAF  wildtypeIVCutaneousIT062Excision  lesion  right  lower  limbN/A33BRAFV600E  RESISTANTIVCutaneousTT,  IT062Right  legTargeted34BRAFV600E  RESISTANTIVCutaneousUnkwonn071Electrochemotherapy  with  Targeted35BRAF  WildtypeIVCutaneousCT,  IT080Electrochemotherapy  with  N/A36BRAFV600E  NAÏVEIVAcralIT,  TT2639Metastectomy  right  thighWES37unknownIII?acral  right  foot  No  treatment  systemic  10085Electrochemotherapy  with  N/A38KRASG12DIVAcralNo  treatment071Excision  lesion  right  neckWES39NRASQ61LIIICutaneousNo  treatment2880Right  Groin  DissectionTargeted40BRAF  wildtypeIIICutaneousNo  treatment10554Left  groin  nodeTargeted41BRAF  wildtype  IIICutaneousNo  treatment8563Right  axillary  dissectionWES42BRAFV600E  NAÏVEIII  to  IV  CutaneousTT8079Right  axillary  dissectionTargeted43BRAFV600E  NAÏVEIIICutaneousNo  treatment1074Dissection  right  inguinal  lymph  Targeted" 152 W2119612521.pdf 1 Full text (403.0 kB)   153 W4243534838.pdf 0 "Clin Case Rep. 2021;9:355–361. | 355 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ccr3 1 | INTRODUCTION Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a tumor that occurs only in 0.05% of all head and neck tumors. We report a multisystemic approach combining study methods and col-laboration with a radiologist for a 16-year-old male patient, diagnosed with a JNA measuring 2 × 3 × 5 cm with retarded diagnosis who received endoscopic surgery management. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) was first described in 1897 by Chelius as a polyp that took place during the adolescence and early adulthood stage. This type of tumor occurs only in 0.05% of all head and neck tumors, it is benign, and as the name implies, it is installed in the nasopharynx, more specifically, in the sphenoid process of the palatine bone with the horizontal wing of vomer and on the roof of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. Histologically, it is formed by a cylindrical and pavement epithelium with the characteristics of the epithelium found in the nasopharynx, below is a loose cellular tissue, and the neoformation itself is constituted by fibrous and highly Received: 24 August 2020 | Revised: 5 October 2020 | Accepted: 27 October 2020 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3529 CASE REPORT Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in a male of 16 years old. A case report Daniel Salame Waxman1,2 | Adelaido López Chavira2,3,4 | Martín Alberto Porras Jiménez2,3,5 | César López Hernández3,6 | Jorge Alberto Romo Magdaleno2,3,6 | Julio Eduardo López Montoy1 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.© 2020 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.1Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Anahuac University Network, Naucalpan de Juarez, Mexico 2Undergraduate Internal Medical Teaching Department ABC Medical Center I.A.P., Centro Médico ABC, Mexico City, Mexico 3Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universidad del Ejercito y Fuerza Aerea, Mexico City, Mexico 4Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Corporativo Hospital Satelite, Naucalpan, Mexico 5Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital Angeles Lomas, Huixquilucan, Mexico 6Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Central Militar, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico Correspondence Daniel Salame Waxman, Av Universidad Anáhuac 46, Lomas Anahuac, 52786 Naucalpan de Juárez, Méx. Naucalpan de Juarez PO BOX. 52786, Mexico.Email: drdanielsalame@gmail.comAbstract We present a multisystemic approach involving diverse specialists of a rare disease. Bringing into the perspective the importance of multidisciplinary work and complete patient knowledge in order to an adequate clinical practice and patient outcome. KEYWORDS benign head and neck tumor, endoscopic surgery, epistaxis, Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma" 154 W4211009551.pdf 3 "4 Vol:.(1234567890) Scientific Reports | (2022) 12:2312 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05670-5 www.nature.com/scientificreports/Using the generated ratio, a RNA input of 4 ng total human RNA was determined individually for each sam - ple for a second cDNA synthesis followed by 2nd qRT-PCR (confirmation for methodological reasons in this context, Fig.  2 boxes in darker grey). Modified cDNA synthesis—SuperScript III First -Strand Synthesis System. In order to sub- sequently perform gene expression analysis of human origin, only eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) was reverse transcribed to cDNA by using the SuperScript® III First-Strand Synthesis System with Oligo (dT)20 prim - ers. As a result, pan-bacterial RNA and other human RNA species were excluded from further processing, mini- mizing the inhibition effects of those RNA species on the following reactions. According to the kit description, the amount of starting material can vary from 1 pg to 5 μg of RNA and the maximum input volume of RNA is 8 µl19. The amount of human RNA input was set to 4 ng per reaction. Using the concentration from repeated NanoDrop™ measurements and the calculated 18S/16S ratio in each sample, the corresponding amount of meas- ured total RNA input was calculated, conforming to the maximum input volume of 8 µl. The RT was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions19. Pre-amplification—TaqMan® PreAmp Master Mix. To detect low abundance mRNA species, pre- amplification was required. We used TaqMan® PreAmp Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics UAB, Vilnius, Lithuania) to increase the amount of specific cDNA targets, synthesized with the SuperScript® III First-Strand Synthesis System. According to the manufacturer, pre-amplification with this kit is linear when a minimum amount of cDNA molecules is present (minimum of 1–250 ng and Ct-values without pre-amplification should be < 35) and multiplex amplification can be performed by pooling up to 100 TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays. Pre-amplification was performed according to the TaqMan® PreAmp master mix kit protocol20. In the present work, 10 different TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays (ACTB, Hs01060665_g1; B2M, Hs00187842_m1; GUSB, Hs00939627_m1; MT-ATP6, Hs02596862_g1; PGK1, Hs00943178_g1; PP1A, Hs99999904_m1; RPL13A, Hs04194366_g1; RPLP0, Hs02992885_s1; TBP, Hs00427620_m1; YWHAZ, Hs01122445_g1) were utilized and pooled to enable the multiplex amplification of specific cDNA targets. Those are commonly used house-keeping genes already employed in other experimental set ups (www. genom ics- online. com). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT -PCR). Using dif- ferent sets of primers, two kinds of cDNAs were utilized for qRT-PCR: for human (18S rRNA, Hs99999901_g1) and pan-bacterial (16S rRNA, Ba04230899_s1) primer probe designs, cDNA from High-capacity cDNA reverse transcription kit was used, whereas for the primer probe designs representing the potential house-keeping genes (ACTB, B2M, GUSB, MT-ATP6, PGK1, PP1A, RPL13A, RPLP0, TBP, YWHAZ), SuperScript™ III First-Strand Synthesis SuperMix synthesized, i.e. human cDNA with and without 14× pre-amplification was used for detec- tion of each of these genes in each sample. The qRT-PCR reaction contained TaqMan® Universal PCR Master Mix and one of the inventoried TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays for separate detection of transcripts. All meas-adjustment of RNA input to 4 ng of hum an RNATask II Task IIII ksaTSample collec/g415on RNA isola/g415on + Qu alita/g415ve and quan/g415ta/g415ve analysis 1st cDNA synthesis (High-capacity cDNA RT kit) 500 ng total RNA input 1st qRT-PCR for 18S & 16S rRNA → 18s/16S rR NA ra/g415o calcula/g415on 2nd cDNA synthesis (High-capacity cDNA RT kit) 4 ng hum an RNA input 2nd qRT-PCR for 18S & 16S rRNA → adjustment confirma/g415onPoly(A)+-selected cDNA synthesis (Supe rScript III First-Strand Synt hesis System ) 4 ng huma n RNA input 14X Pre-amplifica/g415on (TaqMan® PreAmp Master Mix) 10 pooled assays 3rd qRT-PCR for 10 hous e-keeping genes Figure 2. The flow chart displays the different steps (rows) in gene expression analysis including our modified workflow, the tasks, the required kits and the detour for adjustment of human RNA input as well as its confirmation (boxes in darker grey). The boxes in brighter grey depict the advanced methodological workflow for gene expression analysis in whole saliva samples." 155 W3109719169.pdf 14 " Do ponto de vista do autor (professor) uma maneira de se colocar de forma polêmica é construir seu texto, seu discurso, de maneira a expor-se a efeitos de sentidos possíveis, é deixar um espaço para a existência do ouvinte como “sujeito”. Isto é, deixar vago um espaço para o outro (o ouvinte) dentro do discurso e construir a própria possibilidade de ele mesmo (locutor) se colocar como ouvinte. É saber ser ouvinte do próprio texto e do outro. Da parte do aluno, uma maneira de instaurar o polêmico é o exercer sua capacidade de discordância, isto é, não aceitar aquilo que o texto propõe e o garante em seu valor social: é a capacidade do aluno de se constituir ouvinte e se construir como autor na dinâmica da interlocução, recusando tanto a fixidez do dito como a fixação do seu lugar como ouvinte. Ou seja, é próprio do discurso autoritário fixar o ouvinte na posição de ouvinte e o locutor na posição de locutor. Negar isso não é negar a possibilidade de ser ouvinte, é não aceitar a estagnação nesse papel, nessa posição. (ORLANDI, 1996, p. 32-33) Portanto, ante a fixidez do dito no discurso pedagógico, a autora sugere a exposição a efeitos de sentidos possíveis e o exercício da capacidade de discordância por parte do aluno. Diante da fixação dos lugares do locutor e do ouvinte, propõe-se uma dinâmica na interlocução. Segundo Orlandi, essa dinâmica de papéis promoveria uma recuperação do objeto de reflexão e uma produção de conhecimento mais conflituosa. A proposta encaminhada por Orlandi (1996) pode ser relevante para a formação de professores de PLAc uma vez que se leva em conta a existência do discurso da falta (DINIZ; NEVES, 2018) e do discurso da obrigatoriedade da aprendizagem do português (LOPEZ, 2018). A dinâmica de papéis proposta por Orlandi pode exercer deslocamentos significativos em ambos os discursos. Na medida em que a relação se faz mais conflituosa, com a possibilidade de reversibilidade de lugares, reflexão e discordância por parte do aluno, este pode se significar / ser significado por aquilo que é, que faz, que sabe e que conhece, por contraponto à sua significação, no âmbito do discurso da falta, a partir do que “não é”, “não faz”, “não sabe” e “não conhece” (cf. DINIZ; NEVES, 2018). Da mesma forma, o conflito, a dinâmica de lugares, a reflexão e a discordância em relação ao mestre pode viabilizar, no âmbito da aprendizagem do PLAc, uma relação que seja menos opressora e segregadora (cf. LOPEZ, 2018) e na qual não se desconsidera o sujeito e a(s) língua(s) que o constituem, relação na qual a língua portuguesa desponta não como uma obrigação ou uma imposição, Gláuks: Revista de Letras e Artes– jan/jun. 2020 – Vol. 20, Nº 1 145" 156 W4236330086.pdf 1 "(Continued from previous page) Discussion: This research is of great significance for the treatment of cancer and improving the quality of life of cancer patients. The study may provide the most direct evidence for meeting clinical needs and lay a solid scientific foundation for later product development. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ID: ChiCTR1800020107 . Registered on 14 December 2018. Keywords: Medicinal and edible compound prescription, YH0618 granule, Chemotherapy-induced hair loss, Taxanes, Anthracyclines, Kidney deficiency and renal dysfunction, Quality of life Background Chemotherapy is a major type of cancer treatment using chemical medications to affect cancer cell growth, div- ision and reproduction. Regardless of the route of ad- ministration, chemotherapy drugs are introduced into the blood stream, so that chemotherapy can cause vari- ous degree of damage to other normal organs and tis- sues while killing cancer cells, further causing a series of serious adverse effects/toxicity. Hair loss is an obvious side effect of chemotherapy. The incidence of chemotherapy-induced hair loss is as high as 65% in patients receiving chemotherapy and in some is even up to 80 –100% in patients receiving spe- cific agents, such as doxorubicin and docetaxel [ 1–3]. Although hair loss itself does not cause damage to the body and threaten life, it can induce persistent negative emotions such as anxiety, depression and negative evalu- ation of self-image, which in turn reduces quality of life [4]. The hair loss caused by chemotherapy is usually re- versible; however, in most cases, the color of the new hair is grayish or different from the previous color, and the hair texture also shows some changes, such as being rougher, slower growing and sparser [ 5,6]. Besides, con- temporary social media and excessive attention to ap- pearance have put more pressure on patients, with 8% of patients saying that they refuse chemotherapy because of fear of alopecia [ 7]. Even some female patients said that having no hair is more difficult to tolerate than mastec- tomy [ 8]. The mechanism of chemotherapy-induced hair loss is still unclear because of the difference between animal models and the actual human body, and the human scalp cannot be extracted for research. The current re- ported mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced hair loss mainly involve deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, hair-follicle cell-cycle inhibition, hair-follicle-cell apop- tosis, and reactive oxygen species and signal transduc- tion, etc. Accordingly, animal-model studies have found that vasoconstrictors, antioxidants, hair-growth cycle regulators and parathyroid hormone can improve hair loss caused by chemotherapy [ 9]. In clinical practice, it has been reported that minoxidil, AS101 and vitamin D3 can treat chemotherapy-induced hair loss, but the effectis not significant [ 10]. Currently, scalp-cooling is the only method approved by the US Food and Drug Ad- ministration (FDA) for use for chemotherapy-induced hair loss, and the hypothesis about its mechanism is that the low-temperature-induced rapid contraction of blood vessels can reduce blood flow into hair follicles, and cause a general reduction in cutaneous-cell metabolism, which makes the hair less affected by the chemotherapy [11]. Unfortunately, the success rate of scalp-cooling is also only 50%, and patients with cold allergy, cold agglu- tination, and cold globulinemia are not suitable for this method [ 9]. Although some progress has been made in the mechanism, research and management of alopecia, there is no very effective way in solving the hair loss caused by chemotherapy so far. Therefore, it is necessary for clinicians and researchers to pay more attention to chemotherapy-induced alopecia and a series of relevant psychological problems to further elucidate the mechan- ism of hair loss and develop safe and effective solutions. YH0618, a medicinal and edible compound prescrip- tion, is developed based on the “homology of medicine and food, ”theory ancient prescription, and long clinical practice. Our previous animal studies have shown that YH0618 decoction did not interfere with the anti-tumor effects of chemotherapy drugs [ 12]. Additionally, a ran- domized clinical trial also showed that YH0618 signifi- cantly accelerated hair regrowth and reduced thumbnail pigmentation in cancer patients who have completed chemotherapy (data was not showed, but the protocol was published in [ 13]). Therefore, this study will further explore the efficacy of YH0618 granule on chemotherapy-induced hair loss in patients with breast cancer by a randomized, double-blind, multi-center clin- ical trial. YH0618 consists of five medicinal and edible foods (black soybean and liquorice, etc.) which are rec- ommended by clinicians for cancer patients and all com- ponents have a history of safe use in other foods. Besides, each of the components possesses a distinct pharmacological profile, including removing free radicals in the body, regulating the immune system, preventing cancer, detoxifying and enhancing the sense of taste [14–16]. Black soybean and liquorice, as the main essen- tial ingredients, have been used for detoxification forYou et al. Trials (2019) 20:719 Page 2 of 8" 157 W4251333988.pdf 6 "REJ – Revista de Estudios de la Justicia – Nº 17 – Año 2012 89 adecuadamente la naturaleza del derecho. 20 Quisiera detenerme en este segundo punto. Una explicación adecuada de la naturaleza de l derecho es tributaria de su capacidad para formular proposiciones necesariamente verdaderas, pero ello constituye una condición necesaria y no suficiente para el éxito de la empresa explicativa. Es efectivo que solo proposiciones nec esariamente verdaderas sobre el derecho son aptas para dar cuenta de su naturaleza, pues afirmaciones contingentemente verdaderas solo alcanzan caracterís ticas contextualizadas, que no resultan esenciales para la verificación de esta in stitución social. Pero el problema de explicar las propiedades esenciales del derecho no se traduce en identificar ciertas propiedades y no otras, sino que la identidad de u na teoría del derecho como parte de la filosofía analítica, bajo estos términos , se define porque considera que el derecho posee propiedades esenciales y, por consigu iente, reconoce su tarea en la identificación y explicación de dichas característi cas. 21 Una teoría del derecho de este carácter se encuentr a comprometida en formular proposiciones necesariamente verdaderas sobr e lo que algo debe poseer para ser considerado derecho y, además, en que sus e xplicaciones sean adecuadas. 22 Este último estándar se encuentra asociado a la inco rporación del punto de vista interno de las reglas en su contenido explicativo. Una explicación sobre la naturaleza del derecho será adecuada en la medida e n que se ajuste a la comprensión de la forma en que las reglas se present an para los individuos, quienes las aceptan como criterios de conducta. El a nálisis hermenéutico esgrimido por Hart a la teoría del derecho, según el cual el derecho es entendido como una práctica social, exige analizar las accione s y prácticas de acuerdo al significado que ambas nociones representan para los partícipes de la práctica. Es decir, una teoría jurídica exitosa está sujeta a ex igencias de articular explicaciones que sean sensibles a la perspectiva que tienen los individuos que se encuentran bajo el ámbito de aplicación del fenómeno jurídico. 23 20 Julie DICKSON: Evaluación en la Teoría del Derecho : 21. Para una caracterización de la teoría jurídica en torno a la coexistencia de (i) instituc iones normativas coercitivas y (ii) una síntesis de otros discursos sobre el derecho desarrollados medi ante métodos socioyhistóricos de estudio. Véase, Hanoch DAGAN y Roy KREITNER: “The Character of Legal Theory”, Cornell Law Review , 96, 2011, pp. 680y687. Una perspectiva escéptica so bre la justificación y los propósitos de la filosofía del derecho en Danny PRIEL: “The Boundari es of Law and the Purpose of Legal Philosophy”, Law and Philosophy , 27, 2008, pp. 643y695. 21 Julie DICKSON: Evaluación en la Teoría del Derecho, p. 27. 22 Según Pablo E. Navarro y María Cristina Redondo, e l progreso en la filosofía del derecho se encuentra asociado a distintos enfoques correlativo s a la (i) obtención de explicaciones verdaderas y adecuadas a un cierto auditorio; (ii) reconstrucció n de criterios de corrección para el uso de conceptos; o (iii) reformulación de problemas filos óficos tradicionales, conectando e integrando argumentos. Pablo NAVARRO y María Cristina REDONDO: “Filosofía del derecho: problemas y posibilidades”, en del mismo, comps., La relevancia del derecho : Ensayos de filosofía jurídica, moral y política, Gedisa, Barcelona, 2002, pp. 17y31. 23 Julie DICKSON: Evaluación en la Teoría del Derecho , p. 32." 158 W2399366904.pdf 11 "www.nature.com/scientificreports/12 Scientific RepoRts | 5:18413 | DOI: 10.1038/srep1841329. Abualrous, E. T. et al. F pocket flexibility influences the tapasin dependence of two differentially disease-associated MHC Class I proteins. Eur J Immunol 45, 1248–1257 (2015). 30. Powis, S. 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Zooming in on the hydrophobic ridge of H-2D(b): implications for the conformational variability of bound peptides. J Mol Biol 312, 1059–1071 (2001). 59. Rudolph, M. G. et al. A peptide that antagonizes TCR-mediated reactions with both syngeneic and allogeneic agonists: functional and structural aspects. J Immunol 172, 2994–3002 (2004). 60. Miley, M. J. et al. Structural basis for the restoration of TCR recognition of an MHC allelic variant by peptide secondary anchor substitution. J Exp Med 200, 1445–1454 (2004). Acknowledgements This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação De Aperfeiçoamento De Pessoal De Nível Superior (CAPES), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS). We would like to thank the Centro de Supercomputação da UFRGS (CESUP-UFRGS) for providing its facilities and support. The authors would also like to thank Caio Diniz de Farias, Marina Roberta Scheid, Renata Fioravanti Tarabini and Marcelo Alves Bragatte de Souza for their involvement in this project, as well as Dr. José Artur Bogo Chies, for the support and immunological discussions. Finally, we thank Dr. Didier Devaurs for his helpful comments on the final manuscript. Author Contributions M.M.R., D.A.A., M.S. and G.F.V . conceived the study. M.M.R. wrote the paper. M.M.R. and D.A.A. developed the scripts for the DockTope automation. M.M.R., D.A.A., M.F.A.M., M.V .F. conducted experiments. M.M.R., D.A.A., M.F.A.M., M.V .F., L.M., M.S. and G.F.V . analysed and interpreted the data. M.F. and L.M. were responsible for web-server development and the database integration with CESUP-UFRGS. M.M.R., D.A.A., M.F.A.M., M.V .F., M.S., L.M. and G.F.V . revised the manuscript for intellectual content and approved the final version to be published. 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O significado teológico das religiões como “mediações participadas” da mediação salvífica de Cristo: elementos para uma teologia das religiões. Reflexão , v. 47, e226523, 2022. https://doi.org/10.24220/2447- 6803v47e2022a6523 Recebido em 3/8/2022 e aprovado em 7/11/2022." 161 W2883544403.pdf 6 "Prandner, D.; Moosbrugger, R. influences the intention of working in the field of journalism. The better the con ditions when growing up are rat ed the more likely the individuals are to intend to work in journalism. The motives are most strongly tied to the sociodemographic control variables (sex and age). Men are more interested to work on the political and social agenda setting . The older the respondents are the less interested they ar e to work on those issues and the less important the social benefits going along with the profession are. The intention to work in the field of journalism is dependent on the motives agency , employment and calling . Someone reporting the motive of agency is more likely to intend to work in the field. The same is true for those who think journalism is their calling . Those focusing on employment related issues rather do not intend to work as journalists. Those seem to be individuals interested in the field but well aware of the struggles in the job market. Yet the context of where someone studies and how far he or she has progressed in his or her studies does not make any difference on their aspiration to work as journalists. 4. Conclusion Our results show that the motivation to join the j ournalistic profession is deepl y related to beliefs of individuals. Those who study journalism related subjects at the tertiary educational level have n ormative aspirations lik e a political or social agenda and interpret journalism as a calling . Understand ably so as those ideas are deeply ingrain ed into the doxa as well as the illusio of the field (Kirchhoff & Prandner, 2016). Journalism is framed as a profession that strives to challenge the mighty , where those who think the y have the talent to be a wordsmith aim to make their mark, as the term the fourth estate so vivi dly illustra tes (McQuail , 2013) a nd makes interested individuals endure in a dire job market (Dora et al. , 2009). Yet those fundamental underpinnings are not the primary concern for many who study journalism. T hose who are focusing on employability are less likely to aspire to be journalist s, even if they study a subject with close t ies to the field. For educators this heteroginity in higher education has to be seen as challenge, as the field of journalism studies is highly normative and tied to the concept of the fourth estate and civil sphere. The discrepancy between curricular focus and students aspirations makes it necessary to rethink how core co ncepts of journalism related education can be framed in a broader context. That the education of the parents is a deciding influence on the reasons why someone aspires a profession and how someone choses which university he or she visits matches with former empirical findings . In Austria education is still strongly tied to family background and people from families with lower education are more likely to search for education that brings more tangible results and increases their employability. Even as more employment driven training and education programs are offered, journalism remains a field that is governed by the aspirations and believes of individuals and the illusio individuals bring with themselves. 635" 162 W4396628950.pdf 12 "22. T. P. Hughes, M. L. Barnes, D. R. Bellwood, J. E. Cinner, G. S. Cumming, J. B. C. Jackson, J. Kleypas, I. A. van de Leemput, J. M. Lough, T. H. Morrison, S. R. Palumb i, E. H. van Nes, M. Scheffer, Nature, 546(7656) , 82–90 (2017) 23. G.J. Edgar, R.D. Stuart -Smith, T. J. Willis, S. Kininmonth, S.C. Baker, S. Banks, N.S. Barrett, M.A. Becerro, A.T.F. Bernard, J. Berkhout, C.D. Buxton, S.J. Campbell, A.T. Cooper, M. Davey, S.C . Edgar, G. Fo¨rsterra, D.E. Galva´n, A.J. Irigoyen, D.J. Kushner, R. Moura, P. Ed Parnell, N.T. Shears, G. Soler, E.M.A. Strain, R. J. Thomson, Nature, 506(7487) , 216 –220, (2014) 24. R.H. Kuiter, T. Tonozuka. Pictorial Guide to Indonesian Reef Fishes , part 1 -4. Australia (AU): Zoonetics. (2001) 25. E.P. Odum , Fundamentals of Ecology . Translation by: Samingan T. and Srigandono B. Yogyakarta (ID): Gajah Mada University Press. (1993) 26. H. H. Madduppa, B. Subhan, E. Suparyani, A.M. Siregar , D. Arafat, S.A. Tarigan, Alimuddin, D. Khairudi, F. Rahmawati, A. Bramandito, Biodiversitas 14(1) , 17-24 (2013) 27. M. Emslie, M. Logan, A. J. Cheal, Diversity, 11(3) , 33–33. (2019) 28. A. C. Siqueira, R. A. Morais, D. R. Bellwood, P. F. Cowman, Planktivores as trophic drivers of global coral reef fish diversity patterns. PNAS 118(9) , e2019404118, 1 -8 (2021) 29. B. Prabowo, N. Rikardi, M.A. Setiawan, P. Santoso, Yonvitner, D. Arafat, B. Subhan, A. Afandy. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci . 944 012030: 1 – 12 (2021) 30. S. Campbell, E. S. Darling, S. Pardede, G. N. Ahmadia, S. Mangubhai, Amkieltiela, Estradivari, E. Maire, Conservation Letters, 13(2) , e12698, 1-9 (2020) 31. K. Wibowo, M. Adrim, P. C. Makatipu, Mar. Res. Indonesia 38(1), 1−8 (2013) 32. M. Ulfah, S.N. Fajri, M. Nasir, K Hamsah, S. Purnawan , IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 348 012074 : 1 - 6 (2019) 13BIO Web of Conferences 106, 02014 (2024) ICMS 2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410602014" 163 W3127080848.pdf 1 "Page 2 of 9 Matei et al. Parasites Vectors (2021) 14:107 Background Among tick-borne diseases, rickettsioses are considered to be the oldest known affecting humanity. Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group (SFG) of the genus Rickettsia, one of the most diverse groups among Rick - ettsiales, comprising a large number of zoonotic agents [1]. The first clinical description of the prototypical tick-borne rickettsiosis (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, RMSF) was made in 1899 by Edward E. Maxey [2]. Its agent, Rickettsia rickettsii, was demonstrated to have vectorial transmission in 1906 by Howard T. Ricketts [3], which was later confirmed by S. Burt Wolbach [4]. This complex of diseases is still intensively studied, and newly associated clinical conditions are continu - ously described. Its importance and recognition have increased considerably over the last 3 decades [1]. More than 24 Rickettsia species and subspecies are associ - ated with human infections, while for many others the public health relevance is still unknown [1]. In Europe, eight tick-borne rickettsiae with known pathogenic - ity to humans were reported in European patients: R. aeschlimannii , R. conorii subsp. conorii, R. helvet - ica, R. massiliae, R. monacensis, R. raoultii, R. sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae, and R. slovaca. Additionally, 15 Candidatus Rickettsia species and strains of unknown pathogenicity were also described [1]. Seven of the eight human pathogenic species were previously reported in Romania (Table  1) [5–15]. Despite the common detec - tion of tick-borne rickettsiae in ticks collected from diverse hosts, to the best of our knowledge, they have been reported only in humans and birds in Romania. Romania has a remarkable biodiversity, having in its territory 21 ecoregions in 5 biogeographical regions [16]. This unique situation is associated with a wide range of habitats and is mirrored by a very rich fauna including 32 species of insectivorous bats [17], more than 82% of all continental European bat species [18]. Romania is not only diverse in species, but also hosts large bat popula - tions, including two of the largest hibernating colonies of bats from Europe (> 100,000 individuals) [19]. Bats are well-known reservoir hosts for important zoonotic viruses such as Lyssavirus and Ebola virus, probable reservoirs for Hendra and Nipah henipaviruses, MERS and SARS coronaviruses, probably including SARS-CoV-2, and other emerging viruses [20, 21]. Along - side viruses, in the last few years, bacterial and protozoan pathogens from bats have been intensively studied to clarify their zoonotic potential. As a result, several path - ogens have been identified in different samples (blood, Results: Positive results were obtained in 14.6% of bat samples. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of R. monacensis in two bat species (Nyctalus noctula and Pipistrellus pipistrellus) in two locations. Conclusion: This study provides the first evidence of a possible involvement of these bat species in the epidemiol- ogy of Rickettsia spp., highlighting the importance of bats in natural cycles of these vector-borne pathogens. Keywords: Chiroptera, Insectivorous bats, SFG rickettsiae, Vector-borne diseases, Zoonotic reservoir" 164 W2128235672.pdf 3 "Prophylaxis against MDR TB 8. Markowitz N, Hansen NI, Hopewell PC, Glassroth J, Kvale PA, Mangura BT, et al. Incidence of tuberculosis in the United States among HIV-infected persons. The Pulmonary Com - plications of HIV Infection Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-2- 199701150-00005 9. Schluger NW, Burzynski J. Tuberculosis and HIV infection: epide - miology, immunology, and treatment. HIV Clin Trials. 2001;2:356– 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/TUNH-UAKU-N0E4-1PXF 10. Younossian AB, Rochat T, Ketterer JP, Wacker J, Janssens JP. High hepatotoxicity of pyrazinamide and ethambutol for treatment of latent tuberculosis. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:462–4. http://dx.doi.or g/ 10.1183/09031936.05.00006205 11. Ridzon R, Meador J, Maxwell R, Higgins K, Weismuller P, Onorato IM. Asymptomatic hepatitis in persons who received alterna - tive preventive therapy with pyrazinamide and ofloxacin. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:1264–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/24.6.1264 12. Horn DL, Hewlett D Jr, Alfalla C, Peterson S, Opal SM. Limited tolerance of ofloxacin and pyrazinamide prophylaxis against tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:1241. http://dx.doi. org/10.1056/NEJM199404283301718 13. Papastavros T, Dolovich LR, Holbrook A, Whitehead L, Loeb M. Ad - verse events associated with pyrazinamide and levofloxacin in the treat - ment of latent multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. CMAJ. 2002;167:131–6. 14. Adler-Shohet FC, Low J, Carson M, Girma H, Singh J. Manage - ment of latent tuberculosis infection in child contacts of multidrug- resistant tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33:664–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000000260 15. Bamrah S, Dorina F, Setik L, Song R, Kawamura LM, A. Heetderks A, et al. Treatment for LTBI in contacts of MDR-TB patients, Federated States of Micronesia, 2009–2012. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014;18:912–8. Address for correspondence: Lisa Trieu, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, 42-09 28th Street, 21st Fl, CN-72B, WS21-10, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA; email: ltrieu@health.nyc.gov Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 21, No. 3, March 2015 503November 2014: Foodborne Infections Including : • Blastomycosis Mortality Rates, United States, 1990–2010 • Legionnaires’ Disease Incidence and Risk Factors, New York, New York, USA, 2002–2011 • Death Patterns during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Chile • Genomic Definition of Hypervirulent and Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clonal Groups • Respiratory Viruses and Bacteria among Pilgrims during the 2013 Hajj • Drug-Resistant Candida glabrata Infec - tion in Cancer Patients • Novel Chlamydia trachomatis Strains in Heterosexual Sex Partners, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/articles/issue/20/11/table-of-contents" 165 W4381236837.pdf 0 "Educational Research in Universal Sciences ISSN: 2181 -3515 VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 | 2023 https://t.me/Erus_uz Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal May, 2023 673 PRESUPPOZITSIYA ATAMASIGA DOIR NAZARIY QARASHLAR TAHLILI Sarbarova Dilnoza Nosirjon qizi O‘zbekiston Milliy universiteti O‘zbek tilshunosligi kafedrasi o‘qituvchisi Email: dilnozasarbarova1@gmail.com ANNOTATSIYA Presuppozitsiya tushunchasi, uning kelib chiqish tarixi hamda tilshunoslikdagi o‘rni va ahamiyati mazkur maqolada yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, lingvistik presuppozitsiya bilan bog‘liq nazariy qarashlar ham bayon qilingan. Kalit so‘zlar: presuppozitsiya, pragmatika, tag ma’no, yashirin axborot, tejamlilik, propozitsiya. Keyingi davrlarda lingvistik presuppozitsiya masalasi ko‘plab tilshunos olimlarning diqqat e’tiborini tortib kelmoqda. Presuppozitsiya atamasi nemis mantiqshunosi G.Frege g‘oyalari bilan bog‘liq hisoblanadi. Fregening fikricha, asosiy hukm ko‘p hollarda boshqa yashirin hukm bilan birgalikda keladi. Uning ta’limotiga ko‘ra mavjudlikni bildiruvchi ikkinchi darajali yashirin hukmgina presuppozitsiya hisoblanadi. Ushbu atamaning qo‘llanilishi P.Strouson nomi bilan ham bog‘ liqdir. U ham huddi Frege singari presuppozitsiyani gaplar o‘rtasidagi semantik munosabatdan kelib chiqishini ta’kidlaydi. Presuppozitsiya tushunchasi tilning pragmatik aspektini namoyon etadigan hodisa bo‘lib, gapda, nutq shakllanishida shu bilan birg a shaxslarning nut jarayoni va ob’ekti to‘g‘risidagi umumiy ma’lumotlari bilan uzviy bog‘lanadi. Shuningdek, gapning semantik jihatdan tuzilishi bilan bog‘liq hodisa sifatida alohida tadqiqotlarni talab qiladi. Lingvistik presuppozitsiya ko‘p hollarda til shunosligimizda doimiy qo‘laniluvchi tejash tamoyili asosida hosil bo‘ladi. N.Mahkamov tejamlilik xususida shunday deydi: tejamlilik o‘ziga xos xususiyatlarga ega bo‘lib, unda leksik yoki grammatik ma’no bajarayotgan birlik vazifasi shu birliklar majmuasid agi boshqa birlikka yuklatiladi. Natijada vazifa bajarmayotgan birlik majmua (so‘z, birikma, gap) tarkibidan chiqariladi va nisbatan shakliy ixchamlik vujudga keladi [2]. A.Nurmonov ilmiy ishlarining birida presuppozitsiya va tag ma’no haqida so‘z yuritadi va shunday deydi: Bizning fikrimizcha presuppozitsiyani yashirin ma’no bilan bog‘lasak, presuppozitsiya va tag ma’noning o‘rtasidagi farqni yo‘qqa chiqarib qo‘yamiz. Bizning" 166 W4239803621.pdf 1 "veridically reported perceiving first and third objects as weighing the same; 4/10 participants were not naı ¨ve, as we had demonstrated the effect to them in the days prior to the meeting. Both naı ¨ve and nonnaı ¨ve participants experienced the illusory weight change; knowledge of the illusion did not appear to weaken the effect, suggesting it might be cognitively impenetrable (Lupyan, 2015). Following the discussions that took place at the group meeting, we concluded that the illusion is likely related to the interaction between short-term motor adaptation andviolations of sensorimotor expectations (van Polanen & Davare, 2015). The forces thathumans use to pick up an object tend to be scaled based on previous lifts. The lightwooden object therefore likely induced participants to use less force to hold the heavyobject the second time around, which resulted in the heavy object feeling heavier. We set out to test whether this effect would survive cognition, that is, knowledge of the relationships between the weights of the objects. We recruited 70 participants: 30 for Experiment 1 (19 women, 1 left-handed, mean /C6SD age: 27 /C67), 20 for Experiment 2 (9 women, 2 left-handed, mean /C6SDage: 29 /C67), and 20 for Experiment 3 (16 women, 0 left-handed, mean /C6SDage: 25 /C64). Participants were staff Figure 1. Very formal results from the informal experiment. Data and analyses are openly shared directly from the experimenter’s lab notebook. Rating data were normalized by subtracting each participant’s mean rating. Mean normalized weight ratings were hand-plotted as a function of object number onto theconference room black board. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals. Objects 1 and 3 are the same.2 i-Perception 9(4)" 167 W2597772549.pdf 7 "Mar. Drugs 2017 ,15, 96 8 of 19 3. Chitosan Nanoparticles in Chemotherapeutic Delivery Nano-drug delivery systems using chitosan offer many advantages. These systems minimize drug clearance in the circulation, control release of drug, reduce drug cytotoxicity, and increase therapeutic index. Moreover, the biodegradability and biocompatibility have made chitosan a suitable material for chemo-drug delivery in cancer therapy. Chitosan is mucoadhesive, and its cationic nature allows for enhanced affinity towards mucous membrane, thereby assisting trans-mucosal drug delivery. These properties of chitosan would be useful in intra-nasal and intrapulmonary delivery of chemotherapeutics for cancers especially of the nasopharyngeal and lung tissues. 3.1. Delivery of Hydrophilic Chemotherapeutics Chitosan nanoparticles can be used to deliver both hydrophilic drugs [ 61,62], and hydrophobic drugs [ 63,64]. The presence of many free amine groups can be easily functionalized for conjugation of chemotherapeutic drugs. For example, in a recent study, water-soluble drug doxorubicin (DOX) was conjugated to chitosan using a succinic anhydride spacer [ 62]. The succinic anhydride could react with the amine of DOX and functionalize to become carboxylic. This carboxylic acid of DOX was then conjugated with chitosan’s free amine groups using carbodiimide chemistry. The chitosan-DOX was then self-assembled to form nanoparticles in aqueous solution under stirring at room temperature. However, the introduction of more DOX reduced the conjugation efficiency to chitosan. The Her2+ (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+) targeting monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab was also conjugated to chitosan-DOX nanoparticles via thiolation of lysine residues (by reacting with primary amines) and subsequent linking of the resulted thiols to chitosan. The trastuzumab conjugated chitosan-DOX nanoparticles showed target specificity towards Her2+ cancer cells, resulting in enhanced uptake compared to chitosan-DOX and free drug. Also, trastuzumab conjugated chitosan-DOX nanoparticles could efficiently discriminate between Her2+ and Her2 " 168 W2746646675.pdf 4 "fmicb-08-01703 September 5, 2017 Time: 16:57 # 5 Zheng et al. Sulfasalazine Modulates Gut Microbiome FIGURE 1 | SASP reduces inflammation in TNBS-induced colitis. Effects of SASP treatment on the disease activity index (A), MPO activity (B), the length of the colon (C), histopathological score (G). And the representative pathological section of the colon tissues from rats in the model group (D), the control group (E), and the SASP group (F). Scale bar, 200 mm. Data are expressed as mean SD. The differences in (A–C,G) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests (P<0.05,P<0.01). Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 5 September 2017 | Volume 8 | Article 1703" 169 W3037280355.pdf 2 "Enhancing Navigation in Difficult Environments with Low-Cost, Dual-Frequency GNSS PPP and MEMS IMU 145 Accelerometers GyroscopesResolveGravity AttitudeInitial velocityVelocity Position Initial AttitudeInitial position Fig. 1 Block diagram of IMU mechanization process (after Titterton et al. 2004 ) Inputs to IMU mechanization are specific force fband turn rates !b ib. Mechanization process including equations are described in detail in (Farrell 2008 ). 3 GNSS PPP/INS Tightly Coupled Kalman Filter In this research, a tightly-coupled Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used to fuse the GNSS and IMU measurements. In a tightly-coupled integration architecture, raw measurements from the sensors are used, which enables continuous naviga- tion during a GNSS signal outage. The typical error budget for GNSS PPP is listed in Table 1. The inputs to the complementary Kalman filter are (1) code and phase measurements from a low-cost DF GNSS receiver corrected for atmosphere, relativistic errors and clock and orbit errors using the precise PPP corrections, and (2) predicted code and phase measurements that are formed using the IMU position and velocity with the satellite position and velocity. For this research work, the ionosphere- free (IF) model is used to avoid estimation of the iono- sphere, which simplifies the number of states to be estimated. Table 1 PPP Error budget (Choy 2018 ) Error source Error (m) Ionosphere delay 10–20 Troposphere delay 1–10 Relativistic 10 Multipath 1.0 Receiver measurement noise 0.1–0.7 SV orbit/clock /CAN0.01–0.1 Satellite phase centre variation 0.05–1 Solid earth tide 0.2 Ocean loading 0.05 Phase wind-up (ionosphere-free) 0.1 Receiver phase centre variation 0.001–0.01 The ambiguities estimated are float only. The mathematical model for IF PPP can be written as (Parkinson and Spilker 1996 ): PD/SUBCc. dt r/NULdts/CTCc/DLE Br p/NULBs p/DC1 CeP (3) 'D/SUBCc. dt r/NULdts/CTCc/DLE Br '/NULBs '/DC1 CN/NAKCe' (4) In Eqs. ( 3)a n d( 4),dtrand dtsare the receiver clock error and satellite clock errors resp ectively, T is the tropospheric delay, Br pandBs pare the code bias for receiver and satellite, Br 'andBs 'are the phase bias for receiver and satellite, eP and e®are the unmodelled errors in pseudorange and carrier phase measurements, and N/NAKis the ambiguity term between the receiver and satellite on phase measurements. Figure 2provides the representation of the EKF integra- tion of the GNSS-PPP and IMU. In Fig. 2,fb,wbare the IMU specific force and turn rate measurements. These meas urements are converted into position PIMU, velocity VIMUand attitude AIMUfrom a known position, velocity and attitude by applying IMU mecha- nization process. Predicted /SUBIMU,®IMU are constructed by using the satellite position and velocity, which are corrected by applying the precise orbit and clock corrections. DF code and phase measurements /SUBGNSS,®GNSS are corrected for typical errors such as the errors mentioned in Table 1. The estimated output from the EKF are the error in IMU position ırn, velocity ıvnattitude ı""nand biases bgand ba. Pe IMU;Ve IMU andAe IMU give the final IMU position, velocity and attitude. The state vector consists of the navigation states, IMU states, and the GNSS only states. Navigation states include position error, velocity error and attitude error. While the inertial states consist of accelerometer and gyroscope biases. The GNSS states estimated ar e: GNSS receiver clock, as well" 170 W4378782816.pdf 1 "Jiang et al. /one.tnum/zero.tnum./three.tnum/three.tnum/eight.tnum/nine.tnum/fnins./two.tnum/zero.tnum/two.tnum/three.tnum./one.tnum/one.tnum/eight.tnum/zero.tnum/six.tnum/seven.tnum/nine.tnum /one.tnum. Introduction Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases, affecting more than 70 million people worldwide, accounting for 0.5% of the global disease burden, and affecting a broad population of people of all ages, races, social classes and geographic locations ( Fiest et al., 2017 ;Feigin et al., 2019 ;Thijs et al., 2019 ;Trinka et al., 2019 ;Beghi, 2020 ). For most patients with epilepsy, treatment with antiepileptic drugs is the mainstay of treatment, with the aim of stopping seizures as early as possible withoutcausingsideeffectsthatcanaffectqualityoflife.However, more than half of patients taking epilepsy drugs still have seizures, according to surveys in the United States in 2013 and 2015 ( Tian et al., 2018 ). Although antiepileptic drugs may suppress seizures in up to two-thirds of patients, up to one-third of patients with epilepsy may still have drug-resistant epilepsy. For drug-resistant epilepsy, especially for focal epilepsy, surgical resection of the epileptogenic foci may be a more effective method. With surgery to remove or disconnect restrictive brain regions, patients can achieve complete seizure control or at least stop them. In carefully selected groups, 50–80% of individuals were seizure-free after surgery(Ryvlinetal.,2014 ).Surgeryappearstobecost-effectiveand superior to optimal medical therapy in terms of epilepsy control andqualityoflife( Wiebeetal.,2001 ;Engeletal.,2012 ;Picotetal., 2016;Dwivedi et al., 2017 ). The benefits of successful surgery also include a reduced risk of injury or premature death, opportunities to drive, greater independence, and potentially improved career choices. Therefore, surgical treatment decisions are critical for the treatmentofdrug-resistantfocalepilepsy. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in drug-resistant focal epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy in children and adults (Goubran et al., 2016 ). TLE is mostly associated with lesions of the temporal cortex, and the most common pathological type is hippocampalsclerosis(HS),accountingforapproximately50–83% of TLE cases ( Mueller et al., 2007 ). More than 70% of HS epilepsy patients can be cured by surgical resection of the hippocampus (Granados Sanchez and Orejuela Zapata, 2018 ). Therefore, HS servesasamajorhistopathologicalhallmarkandmajorunderlying etiology of TLE ( Blumcke et al., 2017 ). Notably, misdiagnosis of HS early in the disease course may lead to surgical delays, which are associated with cumulative brain damage, cognitive decline, and increased risk of disability and death, as well as significant socioeconomicconsequences( Wiebeetal.,2001 ).Therefore,oneof thekeystochoosingasurgicaltreatmentpathforTLEistoquickly andaccuratelydiscriminateHS. At present, MRI is mainly used as a standard imaging tool to detect and diagnose epilepsy foci, and more than half of patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy can be diagnosed with epileptogenic foci ( Berg et al., 2009 ;Hakami et al., 2013 ;Duncan et al., 2016 ). Among them, the imaging features of HS on MRI may include marked atrophy on coronal T1-weighted images, hyperintensity on T2-weighted and FLAIR images, and loss of definition of the internal structures of the hippocampus ( Coras et al., 2014 ). In the diagnosis of HS in China, radiologists mainly useMRItovisuallydiagnoseHSandperformavisualinspectionor quantitative measurement of lesions such as hippocampal atrophy and hippocampal signal increase. The accuracy of diagnosisdependsonthedoctor’sexperienceandimagingquality.Physicians with imaging experience in diagnosing epilepsy are quite different in terms of diagnosing HS from those with little or no relevant experience ( Azab et al., 2015 ). Regarding the quality of MRI, some studies have shown that the performance of 3.0T MR in detecting HSisbetterthanthatof1.5TMR( Coanetal.,2014 ). Considering that in the actual diagnosis process, especially in primary hospitals, clinical facilities rarely have 3.0T and higher-performanceMRinstruments,theconventionalacquisition equipment is 1.5T MR, and most of the obtained medical images areoflowresolution(LR).Intheinitialscreeningtest,considering acquisition time, cost, and efficiency, conventional MR imaging sequences have mainly been used, with slice thicknesses ranging from 3 to 10 mm, with intervals, and few thin-slice sequences (i.e., slice thicknesses ≤1 mm) without intervals. Furthermore, as for the doctors’ experience, it is impossible for primary hospital physicians or junior physicians to have enough solid experience to accuratelydiscriminateHS.Thisisagreatchallengeforphysicians in primary hospitals or junior doctors to diagnose HS with conventionalMRsequences,whileitisthekeytowhetherpatients can be promptly transferred to high-level hospitals or undergo surgicaltreatment. With the development of computer vision technology and artificial intelligence, there are an increasing number of studies using computer-aided discrimination of HS. Current studies mainlyuseMRIsequenceswiththinthickness( ≤1mmthickness) of good quality 3T MR images to extract imaging histology featuresandlaterconstructmachinelearningclassificationmodels (Mo et al., 2019 ). Other studies have used computer vision techniquestoautomaticallymeasurefeaturessuchashippocampal volume and symmetry in MRI and construct machine learning classification models to discriminate HS ( Mettenburg et al., 2019 ). Furthermore, some studies have used deep learning to reconstruct low-resolution MRI images into high-resolution images for HS differential diagnosis ( Cao et al., 2021 ). Based on our knowledge, no studies based on real clinical MRI common sequences using computer vision or deep learning to discriminate HS have been published. This study attempted to mimic the real clinical diagnosis process of HS, construct a deep learning model, namely, HS- Net, using real-world clinical routine MRI sequences with pathological findings as the gold standard to assist primary hospital physicians or junior doctors in rapidly discriminating HS in patients with TLE, explore the feasibility of using deep learning algorithms to discriminate HS from conventional MRI sequences,andprovideradiologicalevidencefortheactualclinical identificationofHS. /two.tnum. Materials and methods /two.tnum./one.tnum. Study design This study explores the use of computer vision to assist clinicians in discriminating HS based on a real clinical diagnostic process. As shown in Figure1, in the actual diagnostic process, the physician first asks the patient about his or her condition Frontiersin Neuroscience /zero.tnum/two.tnum frontiersin.org" 171 W4392159436.pdf 7 "Page 8 of 20 Wang et al. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome (2024) 16:49 Fig. 2 (See legend on previous page.)" 172 W4320725466.pdf 3 "ISSN: 2614 -6754 (print) ISSN: 2614 -3097(online) Halaman 1168 -1172 Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai 1171 Tabel 3 . Kisi -Kisi Instrumen ahli Materi No Kriteria Indikator 1. Aspek Kelayakan Isi Kesesuaian materi dengan KD Keakuratan materi Kemuktahiran Materi Mendorong Keingintahuan Menemukan dan menjelaskan strategi dalam menyelesaiakan masalah Mengungkapkan ide melalui lisan atau tulisan Mengevaluasi argument Menyelesaikan suatu masalah dengan berbagai macam cara 2. Aspek Kelayakan Penyajian Teknik penyajian Pendukung penyajian Koherensi dan keruntutan alur berpikir 3. Aspek Kelayakan Bahasa Lugas Komunikatif, Dialogis dan Interaktif Kesesuaian dengan kaidah bahasa Penggunaan notasi, simbol/lambing Tabel 4 . Validasi ahli Media No Aspek Penilaian Hasil Validitas (%) Kategori 1 Kegrafikan 90% Sangat Valid 2 Isi 88% Sangat Valid 3 Kebahasaan 90% Sangat Valid Jumlah Rata -rata 89% Sangat Valid Gambaran tabel diatas, disimpulkan tiga aspek penilaian pada validitas media dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut : 1) Kegrafikan dengan skor 90 % kategori sangat valid, 2 ) Isi dengan skor 88 %, dan 3 ) Kebahasaan dengan skor 90 % kategori sangat valid. Sehingga rata-rata keseluruhannya 8 9% pada kategori sangat valid. Tabel 4. Validasi ahli Materi No Aspek Penilaian Hasil Validitas (%) Kategori 1 Kelayakan Isi 87,6% Sangat Valid 2 Penyajian Bahan 88% Sangat Valid 3 Kebahasaan 87% Sangat Valid Jumlah Rata -rata 87.5% Sangat Valid Gambaran tabel diatas, disimpulkan tiga aspek penilaian pada validitas media dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut : 1) Kelayakan Isi dengan skor 87,6 % kategori sangat valid, 2 ) Penyajian bahan dengan skor 88 %, dan 3 ) Kebahasaan dengan skor 87% kategori sangat valid. Sehingga rata -rata keseluruhannya 8 7,5% pada kategori sangat valid. Sehingga hasil gabungan antara tabel validasi media dan validasi materi dapat dilihat validitas e -modul pembelajaran gaun pesta yaitu 88% dengan kategori Sangat Valid." 173 W4361831725.pdf 0 "1 Supplemental figure legends Figure S1: ROC1 silencing induced cell sene scence in p53-null H 1299 cells and H1299- p53 ts cells. H1299 cells were infected with LT-ROC 1, along with LT-CONT for 72 hrs. Cells were then split and cultured for 120 hrs, followed by IB analysis (A), morphological observation under green fluorescence (C), and SA– β–gal staining (D). H1299-p53ts cells were infected with LT-ROC1 or LT-CONT for 72 hrs, then sp lit and incubated at either 37°C (mutant p53 conformation) or 32°C (wild type p53 conformation) for 120 hrs followed by IB analysis (B), and SA –β–gal staining of cells cultured at 37°C (mutant p53 conformation) (E). Representative results of three i ndependent experiments were shown. Figure S2: siROC1 oligonucleot ide inhibited cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis, G2/M arrest and senescence. The U87 cells and H1299 cells we re transfected with siROC1 along with siCONT (40 nM) using Lipofect amine 2000 for 48 hrs, followed by immunoblotting analysis for ROC1 levels (A), or split for ATPlite cell proliferation assay at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs later (B). Shown is mean value ± SEM from three independent experiments, each run in quadruplicate. U87 cel ls were transfected with siROC1, along with siCONT, for 120 hrs and subject to FACS an alysis. Apoptosis was measured by the percentage of cells in Sub-G1 population, and shown is mean value ±SEM from three independent experiments (C). Cell cycle profile was determined in non-apoptotic cells, and representative results of three i ndependent experiments were shown (D). U87 cells were transfected with siROC1, along with siCONT, for 48 hrs, then split and subject to SA- β- galactosidase staining 96 hrs later (E). Representative result s of three independent experiments were shown." 174 W2173199045.pdf 8 "Page 9 of 9 Liu and Xu SpringerPlus (2015) 4:732 Vijayakumar N, Subramanian E, Padiyan DP (2013) Cross-Linked Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidone) Hard-Template and Polym- erization Method in controlling nanostructures and properties of polyaniline composites. Polym-Plast Technol 52:1220–1227 Wanna Y, Pratontep S, Wisitsoraat A, Tuantranont A (2006) Development of nanofibre composite Polyaniline/CNT fabri- cated by electro spinning technique for CO gas sensor. IEEE Sens 1–3:342–345 Yoo I, Song S, Uh K, Lee CW, Kim JM (2015) Size-controlled fabrication of polyaniline microfibres based on 3d hydrody- namic focusing approach. Macromol Rapid Comm 3:1272–1276 Zhu XY, Hou K, Chen C, Zhang WQ, Sun HM, Zhang GF, Gao ZW (2015) Structural-controlled synthesis of polyaniline nanoarchitectures using hydrothermal method. High Perform Polym 27:207–216" 175 W2805291611.pdf 3 "www.nature.com/scientificreports/4 SCiENtiFiC RepoRts | (2018) 8:7261 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-25024-4of bonds between the calcium cation and particular functional groups responsible for this vibration. Moreover, as a result of the modification, merging signals at v = 1715 cm−1 and v = 1460 cm−1 present in the spectrum of unmodified yeast can be observed. Another characteristic band appears at v = 1377 cm−1 and derives from the stretching vibration of C-N from surface proteins. These changes are probably related to the complexation reactions between the calcium cation and O- and N- donors of proper functional group 26,27. The obtained data prove that the S . cerevisiae exhibits the ability of the sorption of divalent metal cations such as calcium ions27. Furthermore, it can be observed that the most significant changes occur in the spectrum of the yeast modified by 5 mM Ca(NO 3)2 solution at pH = 9, which is caused by the total deprotonation of -COO−, -OPO32− and -NH2 groups. These results are also confirmed by the zeta potential measurement in this study - the highest dispersion stability of the system was observed at the pH range from 8 to 10 21. Therefore, under these conditions, the tested (bio)colloid is characterized by a large active surface and the highest availability of functional groups able to bind calcium ions. This indicates that the most effective biosorption process occurs in these conditions. The impact of the S. cerevisiae surface functional groups modification on their electrophoretic separation at different pH. The chosen electrolyte for the modification of the yeast surface was Ca(NO3)2 at the concentration of 5 mM. According to Dziubakiewicz et al . the type and concentration of the background electrolyte have a significant influence on the cells viability20. The number of viable cells increased along with the decrease in the electrolyte ionic strength: 0.1 M > 0.01 M > 0.005 M. To determine the effect of the surface modi- fication of S . cerevisiae on the electrophoretic mobility, the electrophoretic analysis was conducted. Figure  3 shows the electropherograms of the yeast unmodified and modified by calcium ions at different pH conditions. The electromigration time of the yeast modified by the calcium solution of pH 6, 8 and 9 was 3.099 (RSD = 4.59%), 4.013 (RSD = 4.73%) and 4.099 (RSD = 3.03%) min respectively. The results indicate that the surface modification of (bio)colloid has a significant impact on its electrophoretic mobility. This phenomenon was also observed by Pomastowski et al .28 in the case of bacteria. They stated that the change in the electrophoretic mobility of bacteria cells and the reduction of repulsive forces have resulted in clumping of cells and a signal amplification. Moreover, after the modification, the sharpening of the peaks and improvement of the shape of the base line on the electropherogram as well as the reduction in the number of aggregates and the improvement of the reproducibility can be observed; it was evidenced by a significant reduc- tion in the relative standard deviation value in comparison to unmodified yeast. Another interesting observation is the effect of pH on modified (bio)colloid behaviour during the electrophoretic analysis. With the increase in the pH of medium in which sorption was conducted, the increase in the electromigration time of modified yeast cells and as a decrease in the electrophoretic mobility (38.1 ± 2, 27.8 ± 1 and 24.5 ± 1 [10 −5 cm2Vs] for pH 6, 8 and 9, respectively) were observed (Fig.  3). However, these effects were not observed for the yeast cells incubated at different pH but without the presence of calcium ions, as demonstrated in Supplementary Fig. S4. The highest reproducibility (RSD < 5%) of the electrophoretic analysis was obtained for S . cerevisiae which was modified with Ca(NO3)2 solution at pH = 9. This phenomenon is probably connected with the total depro- tonation of surface functional groups, which is also confirmed by the results of the spectroscopic and potentio-metric analysis. The total deprotonation of active functional groups at pH = 9 causes the high dispersion stability (zeta potential measurements) and high availability of ion binding sites at the starting point of the sample prepa-ration stage, which determines the creation of stable electrokinetic clumping during the yeast cells electroanalysis. A high availability of the deprotonated functional groups on the surface of S . cerevisiae allows binding of a large amount of calcium ions which promote the formation of aggregate systems. Moreover, the study of the size of modified and non-modified yeast cells at different pH ( Supplementary Fig. S5) indicates that the change occurring only in the pH of the incubation does not have a significant impact on the size distribution of the examined cells, while the modification of cells by calcium causes the unification of their size. This phenomenon may also contribute to the improvement of their electrophoretic separation. Microscopic and spectrometric studies of modified and non-modified yeasts were performed in order to high- light the changes in the molecular profile of (bio)colloids under different pH conditions. The MALDI-TOF MS spectra of yeast incubated at different pH (6, 8 and 9) without calcium ions are present in Supplementary Fig. S6. As it can be observed the incubation of S . cerevisiae at different pH does not signifi- cantly affect their molecular profile in comparison to the control - S . cerevisiae sample taken directly from growth media. On the obtained spectra only slight changes can be observed. What may be observed is the appearance of Figure 2. The FTIR spectra of unmodified and modified S. cerevisiae pellets at pH 6, 8 and 9." 176 W4254807282.pdf 0 "Open Peer Review on Qeios Open Peer Review on Qeios Sheep Red Blood Cell Rosetting National Cancer Institute Source National Cancer Institute. Sheep Red Blood Cell Rosetting . NCI Thesaurus. Code C72897. A technique for identifying and removing T lymphocytes based on their ability to form rosettes with untreated sheep erythrocytes. Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020 Qeios ID: I0YS6R · https://doi.org/10.32388/I0YS6R 1 / 1" 177 W2806643524.pdf 9 "Agunyo, M. F., et al. Exploring the Environmental Feasibility of ... Year 2019 Volume 7, Issue 1, pp 28-43 Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems 37 Life cycle impact assessment This stage of the LCA aims at assessing the life cy cle inventory to better understand the environmental significance of the sanitation sy stems. Thus, assessment of the environmental impacts arising from the life cycle i nventory was carried out. To accomplish this task, environmental impact categ ories were assigned for the inputs and outputs to the sanitation systems. The impact c ategory indicators were then used to explain the inventory results. As such, the mandato ry steps which include classification and characterization of the impact categories was c arried out using the CML 2001 impact assessment methodology in Gabi 6 software [21, 31]. Given that no agreed universal list of impact categories exists for carrying out such L CAs, the following set was selected; Global Warming (GWP), Eutrophication Potential (EP) and Human Toxicity Potential (HTP). The choice of the impact categories was infl uenced by the anticipated impacts from improper management of the organic waste strea ms and the potential resource use as well as recovery from system’s operation phase c onsidered. Besides, the available impact categories in the Gabi 6 software also influ enced the final choice of impact categories. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS The results from computation of the environmental i mpact for the six sanitation system alternatives are summarized in Table 3. In g eneral, negative or lower impact values represent an environmentally beneficial sani tation system, while positive or higher impact values represent environmental burden s from the respective sanitation systems. The results indicated that for all sanitat ion system alternatives which consisted of AD process, much lower impact values were regist ered in comparison to the Status Quo. Meanwhile, the trend of performance for the di fferent sanitation system alternatives varied with reference to specific impact categories and the results are summarized in Table 3. Table 3. Shows the environmental impact results for sanitation system alternatives with reference to the FU Impact Units Status Quo COMPAD COMPAD LF INCAD INTEG 1 INTEG 2 BfC CoGen BfC CoGen BfC CoGen BfC CoGen BfC CoGen GWP [kg CO 2 eq] 3.27E+5 4.18E+4 4.36E+4 4.16E+4 4.33E+4 1.35E+5 1.35E+5 3.9 3E+4 4.04E+4 4.47E+4 4.45E+4 EP [kg PO 4−3 eq] 2.58E+2 6.83E+1 8.18E+1 6.83E+1 8.18E+1 8.28E+1 8.96E+1 7.7 1E+1 8.63E+1 3.58E+1 3.88E+1 HTP [kg DCB eq] 1.71E+4 1.45E+4 1.68E+4 1.45E+4 1.68E+4 1.30E+4 1.38E+4 1.5 7E+4 1.69E+4 7.56E+3 7.50E+3 Global Warming Potential The Status Quo sanitation system registered the highest GWP value followed by INCAD, INTEG 2, COMPAD, COMPAD LF while INTEG 1 alt ernative performed best, registering the least GWP value. A summary of proce sses contribution to GWP and the respective emissions from the sanitation systems is represented in Table 4. Moreover, for the sanitation systems which consisted of the AD un it, significant reduction in GWP was attained when substitution of firewood with biogas as a cooking fuel was considered and this accounted for a reduction in GWP of upto −1,340 kg CO 2 eq. Meanwhile, the substitution of artificial fertilizer with compost and digestate as organic fertilizer contributed to reduction in GWP of at least −1,210 kg CO 2 eq. Table 4. Shows a summary of process contribution to GWP Sanitation system Process contribution to GWP [%] Re spective emissions Status Quo Dumping of residual sewage sludge (LDS) [97%] CH 4 emissions COMPAD, COMPADLF, INTEG 1, INTEG 2 AD (68%) Utilization of Firewood for Cooking (UFc) (20.8%) CH 4 CO 2" 178 W4200391341.pdf 0 " Supplementary Material Supplementary Video 1. Dynamic evolution of a 3-D isosurface taken at normalized Q -criterion = 0.3 colored by vorticity magnitude which illustrates coherent turbulence structures in the jet flow . The video is slowed by a factor of 10,000." 179 W4232229978.pdf 0 "Open Peer Review on Qeios Open Peer Review on Qeios Malignant Neoplasm of the Abdominal Esophagus National Cancer Institute Source National Cancer Institute. Malignant Neoplasm of the Abdominal Esophagus . NCI Thesaurus. Code C4764. A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the abdominal region of the esophagus. Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020 Qeios ID: R7PZK0 · https://doi.org/10.32388/R7PZK0 1 / 1" 180 W2246663845.pdf 7 "supporting information sup-7 Acta Cryst. (2012). E 68, o2010 C10—N1—N2—C9 −1.1 (5) C10—N1—C8—C7 55.1 (7) C8—N1—N2—C9 −179.7 (4) N2—N1—C8—C7 −126.5 (5)C6—C1—C2—C3 −0.2 (9) C10—N1—C8—C11 −126.2 (5)C1—C2—C3—F1 −179.8 (5) N2—N1—C8—C11 52.2 (6)C1—C2—C3—C4 3.1 (10) C10—N3—C9—N2 0.0 (6)C2—C3—C4—C5 −3.4 (10) N1—N2—C9—N3 0.6 (6)F1—C3—C4—C5 179.6 (6) C9—N3—C10—N1 −0.7 (5)C3—C4—C5—F2 −178.2 (6) N2—N1—C10—N3 1.1 (5)C3—C4—C5—C6 0.6 (10) C8—N1—C10—N3 179.6 (4)F2—C5—C6—C1 −179.2 (5) C7—O1—C12—C13 −179.3 (4)C4—C5—C6—C1 2.0 (9) O1—C12—C13—C14 −68.8 (6)F2—C5—C6—C7 1.8 (8) C15—O2—C14—C13 179.2 (4)C4—C5—C6—C7 −177.0 (6) C12—C13—C14—O2 180.0 (4)C2—C1—C6—C5 −2.2 (8) C14—O2—C15—C20 −2.6 (7)C2—C1—C6—C7 176.7 (5) C14—O2—C15—C16 178.6 (4)C12—O1—C7—C8 −158.1 (5) O2—C15—C16—C17 178.8 (5)C12—O1—C7—C6 21.7 (6) C20—C15—C16—C17 −0.1 (8)C5—C6—C7—C8 −113.0 (6) C15—C16—C17—C18 −0.2 (8)C1—C6—C7—C8 68.1 (7) C16—C17—C18—C19 0.2 (8)C5—C6—C7—O1 67.2 (7) C16—C17—C18—Br 179.5 (4)C1—C6—C7—O1 −111.7 (6) C17—C18—C19—C20 0.1 (8)O1—C7—C8—N1 7.3 (7) Br—C18—C19—C20 −179.3 (4)C6—C7—C8—N1 −172.5 (4) C18—C19—C20—C15 −0.3 (9)O1—C7—C8—C11 −171.2 (5) O2—C15—C20—C19 −178.5 (5)C6—C7—C8—C11 9.0 (9) C16—C15—C20—C19 0.3 (8) Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) D—H··· AD —H H··· AD ···AD —H··· A N3—H3 A···O4 0.86 1.95 2.790 (6) 167 C9—H9 A···O3i0.93 2.55 3.271 (7) 135 C10—H10 A···O3ii0.93 2.49 3.263 (7) 140 C10—H10 A···O5ii0.93 2.42 3.340 (7) 168 C19—H19 A···O3 0.93 2.54 3.276 (7) 137 Symmetry codes: (i) − x+2, − y+1, − z+1; (ii) − x+1, − y+1, − z+1." 181 W2769120433.pdf 11 "www.nature.com/scientificreports/12 SCIentIFIC RepoRts | 7: 16360 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-16611-y Figure 7. In vitro and in vivo differentiation potential of LIF-independent iOCT4 ES cells (A) Schematic of experimental design. To induce differentiation, OCT4-inducible (iOCT4) ES cells were grown in the absence of LIF and with doxycycline to downregulate OCT4 expression on low-binding dishes or as a monolayer. (B) Embryoid body (EB) differentiation of control ES cells (ZHTc6) and LIF-independent iOCT4 ES cells. (C) Teratomas generated from LIF-independent iOCT4 ES cells injected into SCID-beige mice, which were treated with tetracycline (Tc) to downregulate OCT4 expression. (D) Teratomas generated from wild-type ES cells (R1) injected into SCID-beige mice. Tumors were harvested 4–6 weeks post injection and evaluated using standard H&E histological methods. Transmitted white-light microscopy of sectioned teratomas. Heterogeneous differentiation of LIF-independent iOCT4 ES cells and control ES cells into endoderm (glandular structures), mesoderm (osteoblasts, adipocytes, muscle), and ectoderm (keratinized epidermal cells). (E,F) Differentiation of LIF-independent iOCT4 ES cells in the presence of doxycycline to downregulate OCT4 expression and (E) without or ( F) with retinoic acid." 182 W2535238560.pdf 1 "Urban Rail Transit system is a complex network having a defined topological relations, The Urban Rail Transit system network methods include the R Space method and the L, P Space method. The R Space method is to track the rail-line as a complex network node, and the site of line intersects as a complex network link, the number of the site what two lines intersecting as a complex network connection weights, to construct the R spatial network model. In contrast, the L, P Sp ace method is to track the site as a complex network node, and the rail-line as the complex network link, so this method is a direct mapping to track network. the configuration differences of the L,P Space method as follows: (1). The L space network model. The network model is a direct mapping of the rail network diagram that if two adjacent sites in a track circuit, then connect it with the link. (2). The P space network mo del. When two sites are connected by at least one rail line, then connect it with the link. i.e. 123( , , ... )n Line p p p p /g32 , the site 1p and the sites 23, ...n pp p are to establish a connection. Fig. 1 shows the display method of the L, P Spcce. Figure 1. The display method of the L, P Spcce. This paper selected the L, P spatial network method for urban rail network mapping. The L space network model is applied to study the degree distribution and network efficiency of the track network. The P space network model is suitable for the study of transfer parameters. The above two methods have their limitations respectively ˈ so this paper will combine the use of these two methods. Taking into account the Urban Rail Transit system in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou developed more perfect and mature, so this paper make the Urban Rail Transit networks of above three cities as the study object. Urban Rail Transit network data including line network operators table, name of the site, ID number of the site, name of the line, station location (latitude and longitude) and other items, All data items got through the Baidu maps API interface. Convert the data file for the site ID retrieval matrix, site latitude and longitude matrix, adjacency matrix and a series of data basis for complex network analysis based on the above L, P spatial network method. 3 Topology homogeneity of urban rail transport network 3.1 Static topological features Static topological characteristics of complex networks including degree and degree distribution, the network diameter and the average path length, betweenness and clustering coefficient. (1). Degree and degree distribution. A degree of the node i is the number of edges associated with the node i. The average degree value of ea ch node is the degree of the entire network, i.e. () /ii iNkk k N /g143/g31/g33 /g32 /g32 /g166 (1) ()pk represents the probability of each node degree distribution. (2). The network diameter an d the average path length. In the complex network theory, define the distance between nodes ,ijnn is the number of edges in the shortest path connecting nodes ,ijnn . The network diameter D is the maximum distance between any two nodes in the network, i.e. , max ( )ij i j Dd/g32 (2) The average path length of the network is the average distance between all nodes. (3). Betweenness. Betweenness divided the edges betweenness and the node betweenness. The so-called edge betweenness, refers to the network between all nodes on the shortest path through which the ratio of the edge, the node betweenness and the edge betweenness have the similar meaning. (4). Clustering coefficient. clustering coefficient reflects the degree of aggregation of nodes in the network, the degree of node inis ik, i.e. adjacent to the surrounding ik nodes. If the interconnectivity between these ik nodes, even up to the /;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23/;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23 1/ 2iikk /;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23 links, Suppose even number of links it actually exists is ikn, then the node clustering coefficient iC is: / ((1 ) ) i ik i iCn k k/g32/g117 /;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23 (3) Network clustering coefficient C is the arithmetic mean of each node clustering coefficient: 11N i iCCN /g32/g32/g166 (4) 3.2 Homogeneous topology Through computer programming to Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou Urban Rail Transit network topology packet characteristic calculation , the specific results are shown in Table 1. By the Table 1, it can be seen, Urban Rail Transit network scale of the three cities, but the average degree of nodes, the network diameter, the average path length, the average clustering coef ficient roughly equivalent, It illustrates the complex network topology homogeneity of the three cities. 2/g3 DOI: 10.1051/ 01003 (2016) matecconf/201 MATEC Web of Conferences 2016,81 68101003 ICTTE" 183 W4312017953.pdf 13 "Page 14/17 Figure 4 (a) Schematic illustration of the BANN structure; (b) the loss and (c) accuracy of the BANN as a function of number of epochs during the training process." 184 W4239299455.pdf 0 " Donating Behaviour and Attitudes: An Exploratory Study of the Differences in Age Cohorts Agnes Meinhard Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Ryerson Univer sity Mary Foster Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Ryerson Univer sity Working Paper Series Volume 1997 (1) 350 Victoria Street Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3 Tel: (416) 979-5000, x 6739 / Fax: (416) 979-5124 cvss@ryerson. ca http://www.ryerson.ca/cvss/working_papers / " 185 W2149469992.pdf 5 "ARC of 23 mitochondrial genes (adjusted to the ARC across the entire mtDNA) were determined and 78%, 83%, and 87% of these genes were not statistically different from the ARC of wild-type B for MSC3, MSC12, and MSC16, respectively (Table 1). However MSC3had signi ficant ( P,0.05) under-representation of the polycistronic region carrying nad5ex4-atp4-nad5ex5 , which codes for exons 4 and 5 of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 and ATPase subunit 4 (Table 1). Inaddition, MSC3 had an over-representation of the cytochrome c bio-genesis FC ( ccmFc ), 18S ribosomal RNA ( rrnS), and ribosomal protein S10 ( rps10 )( T a b l e1 )( P,0.05). MSC12 and MSC16 have an under- representation of ribosomal protein S7 ( rps7)a sc o m p a r e dt ow i l d - t y p e B( T a b l e1 )( P,0.05). In addition, MSC12 ha s under-representation of the 5S ribosomal RNA ( rrn5)( T a b l e1 )( P,0.05), as well as more coverage depth of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 9 ( nad9 ) and ATPse subunit 8 ( atp8). MSC16 had over-representation of ccmFc andrps10 (Table 1) ( P,0.05). Quantitative PCR con firmed copy number differences among MSC lines and wild-type B We focused on mitochondrial ge nes that appeared in lower copy number in MSC3, MSC12, and MSC16 relative to wild-type B (Table 1 and Table S1 ). The polycistronic region nad5ex4-atp4-nad5ex5 in MSC3 and rps7 in MSC12 and MSC16 were hypothesized to be likely candidates for their respective M SC phenotypes and their relative amounts were assessed using quantitative (q) PCR (Figure 2 and Table S1). Normalization was performed using the nuclear gene gadph ,b e - cause it has been previously validated as an appropriate reference genefor leaf tissues (Hruz et al. 2011), and we did not detect copy number differences among the MSC lines and wild-type B ( Table S2 ). Copy numbers of mitochondrial genes were similar for MSC3 and wild-type B except for signi ficantly ( P,0.05) fewer copies of nad5ex4 andatp4 (0.3660.11X and 0.43 60.04X, respectively) and higher copy number of cob(1.2960.05X, apocytochrome b) (Figure 2 and Table S2 ). Cobdid not show a difference in sequence coverage depth as compared to the wild-type, but did so using qPCR ( Table S2 ). As expected from the next-generation sequencing results, rps7 had sig- nificantly lower copy number at 0.12 60.04X for both MSC12 and 16 relative to B (Figure 2 and Table S2 ). Interestingly, MSC12 and MSC16 had an average of two-fold increased copy number for somemitochondrial genes (up to 2.9-fold) relative to wild-type B (Figure 2 andTable S2 ). Mitochondrial genes in under-represented regions have fewer transcripts compared to wild-type B No signi ficant differences were observed for the nuclear transcripts porin andubqc between wild-type B and the MSC lines (Figure 3). As expected, expression of alternative oxidase ( aox)w a ss i g n i ficantly higher in the MSC lines relative to B; AOX is nuclear-encoded protein andshows upregulation in stressed plants and mitochondrial mutants(Karpova et al. 2002, Juszczuk et al. 2007, Polidoros et al. 2009). MSC3 showed lower transcript abundance for nad5ex4 (0.1460.02X) and atp4 (0.4760.07X) as compared to wild-type B (Figure 4). MSC12 and MSC16 had eight-fold fewer transcripts for rps7 as compared to wild- type B (Figure 4 and Table S3 ). In addition, MSC12 had lower (0.5 6 0.12X) expression levels for rrnS (18S rRNA) ( Table S3 ). Surprisingly, all three MSC lines had signi ficantly higher ( P,0.05) expression levels fornad9 ,nad6 ,nad3 ,sdh3,ccmFc ,cob,ccmB ,cox1,atp1,rps3,rpl2, rps13 ,rpl5,a n d rps10 as compared to wild-type B ( Table S3 ). These results suggest that the genetic basis of the mosaic phenotype of MSC3 may be lower amounts of the NAD5 andATP4 proteins, potentially resulting in unstable complexes for NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I)and ATP synthase (Complex V). In the case of MSC12 and MSC16,both may have compromised function of the small subunit in the mitochondrial ribosome due to lower abundance of the RPS7 protein. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry reveals no signi ficant differences in protein quantity for mitochondrially encoded proteins but does fornuclear-encoded mitochondrially targeted proteins Mitochondrial protein extracts f rom wild-type B, MSC3, MSC12, and MSC16 were evaluated by LC-MS to estimate their relative amounts. A total of 483 proteins were con fidently identi fied, including mitochon- drially encoded ATP1 ,ATP4 ,ATP8 ,NAD7 ,a n d NAD9 (Table 2). A m o u n t so fm o s to ft h e s ep r o t e i n sw e r e not statistically different except NAD7 ,w h i c hw a ss i g n i ficantly ( P,0.05) lower in MSC3 and MSC12 as compared to wild-type B. FTSH4 , a nuclear-encoded ATP-dependent mitochondrial protease, had signi ficantly ( P,0.05) higher amounts in MSC16 (Table 2). Figure 2 Fold-change differences with standard errors for copy number of mitochondrial genes among wild-type line B and MSC lines. Normal-ization was performed using the nuclear genegadph as compared to wild-type B as described by Livak and Schmittgen (2001). Signi ficant dif- ference between an MSC mutant for a given mi-tochondrial gene as compared to wild-type Bwas established at a= 0.05 using pairwise t-test. Lower and higher copy number comparison be- tween an MSC mutant and wild-type line B areshown as “a”and “b,”respectively. 1216 | A. R. Del Valle-Echevarria et al.Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/g3journal/article/5/6/1211/6025283 by guest on 18 May 2024 " 186 W4389274364.pdf 15 "Biology 2023 ,12, 1483 16 of 16 59. Qanbari, S.; Pausch, H.; Jansen, S.; Somel, M.; Strom, T.M.; Fries, R.; Nielsen, R.; Simianer, H. Classic Selective Sweeps Revealed by Massive Sequencing in Cattle. PLOS Genet. 2014 ,10, e1004148. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 60. Vanvanhossou, S.F.U.; Yin, T.; Scheper, C.; Fries, R.; Dossa, L.H.; König, S. Unraveling Admixture, Inbreeding, and Recent Selection Signatures in West African Indigenous Cattle Populations in Benin. Front. Genet. 2021 ,12, 657282. [CrossRef] 61. Guo, H.J.; Tadi, P . Biochemistry, Ubiquitination ; StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island, FL, USA, 2022. 62. Myung, J.; Kim, K.B.; Crews, C.M. The Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Proteasome Inhibitors. Med. Res. Rev. 2001 ,21, 245–273. [CrossRef] 63. Saravanan, K.A.; Panigrahi, M.; Kumar, H.; Parida, S.; Bhushan, B.; Gaur, G.K.; Dutt, T.; Mishra, B.P .; Singh, R.K. Genomic Scans for Selection Signatures Revealed Candidate Genes for Adaptation and Production Traits in a Variety of Cattle Breeds. Genomics 2021 ,113, 955–963. [CrossRef] 64. Singh, A.; Kumar, A.; Gondro, C.; Da Silva Romero, A.R.; Karthikeyan, A.; Mehrotra, A.; Pandey, A.K.; Dutt, T.; Mishra, B.P . Identification of Genes Affecting Milk Fat and Fatty Acid Composition in Vrindavani Crossbred Cattle Using 50 K SNP-Chip. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 2021 ,53, 347. [CrossRef] Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content." 187 W2920341818.pdf 2 "3 Scientific RepoRts | (2019) 9:3672 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39605-4 www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/carbon region of the Raman spectra remains unchanged even after prolonged deposition of WS2, indicating that the coating does not interact strongly with the nanotubes. At a sputter time of 20 min, we observe a small broad peak at approximately 800 cm−1, which gradually intensifies until two distinct peaks at 704.1 cm−1 and 804.9 cm−1 emerge at 30 min sputter time. Both peaks are matched to the W-O stretching modes in tungsten (VI) oxide27. A shoulder at approximately 300 cm−1 can also be observed in the Raman spectra at 20 min. With increasing deposition times, this feature transforms into a definite peak at 263.1 cm−1 and another weak shoulder appears at 325.9 cm−1. Both bands correspond to the O-W-O bending modes of WO327. This trend suggests that the partic- ulate film formed during initial deposition is composed of amorphous WO3 that then re-crystallizes with longer sputter times. There appears to be no contribution whatsoever from WS2 regardless of sputtering duration, which is curious as the TEM images depict the distinctive crystalline 2D flakes of WS2. We attribute this to the fact that first, WO3 signals are overwhelming due to the much higher concentration of the WO3 interface/support layer as compared with the 2D WS2 petals that extends from the surface. It is further noted the WO3 peaks at 330 cm−1 slightly overlaps and easily mask the much weaker WS2 Raman peaks at 350 cm−1 leading to this shadowing effect which resulted in the non-detection of the characteristic Raman modes of WS2. Figure 1. Top view SEM images of (a) pristine CNTs and WS2-CNT samples fabricated at sputter deposition times of (b) 10 min, (c) 20 min, (d) 25 min, (e) 30 min, (f) 35 min, (g) 40 min and (h) 60 min." 188 W2036875872.pdf 0 "Molecules 1998 , 3, M88 2-a, 3-b-Dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic Acid (Maslinic Acid) Andres Garcia-Granados*, Antonio Martinez, Juan /glyph1197. Moliz, Andres Parra and Franci sco Rivas Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada , 18071 Granada, Spain. Tel and Fax 34-58-243364, E-mail: agarcia@goliat.ugr.es Received: 20 May1998 / Published: 25 July 1998 An industrial procedure has been established for the isolation of 2-alpha,3-beta -dihydroxyolean- 12-en- 28-oic acid (maslinic acid) starting from olive fruits ( Olea europaea ). Maslinic acid [4373-41-5] has been identified by its physical constants and spectroscopical data (See refe rences). It is affordable on a large scale in two qualities: Solid white powder (85% content, 15% other terpene compounds) or c hemically pure maslinic acid ( >97%). 1H NMR of the methylester of this product (solvent CDCl 3): 0.70 (3H-26), 0.80 (3H-24), 0.88 (3H-29), 0.90 (3H-30), 0.96 (3H-25), 1.01(3H-23), 1.11 (3H-27), 5.05 (1H-12), 3.45 (1H-2), 2.75 (1H-3), 2.6 (1H-18). 13 C NMR of the methylester of this product (solvent CDCl 3): 46.12 (C1), 68.24 (C2), 83.17(C3), 38.97(C4), 55.05 (C5), 18.52 (C6), 32.29 (C7), 39.07 (C8), 47.38 (C9), 37.88 (C10), 23.18 (C11), 121.86 (C12), 143.71 (C13), 41.52 (C14), 27.37 (C15), 22.73 (C16), 46.12 (C17), 41.00 (C18), 45.71 (C19), 30.36 (C20), 33.60 (C21), 32.39 (C22), 28.21 (C23), 16.14 (C24), 16.37 (C25), 16.54 (C26), 27.37 (C27), 180.58,(C28), 32.67 (C29), 23.14(Me). References 1. Dictionary of /glyph817atural Products on CD-ROM , Chapman and Hall, London, 1997. ISSN 0966-2146 2. Visit the http://probe.nalusda.gov:8300/cgi-bin/browse/phytochemdb websit e. Sample availability: Commercially available from the authors. MDPI Reg. No. 15849 . ©1998 MDPI. All rights reserved. Molecules website http://www.mdpi.org/molecules/ M0088 http://www.mdpi.org/molbank/m0088.htm 1 von 1 07.05.2009 13:58 " 189 W4320920011.pdf 1 "the liver ( 1,2) ;T h em u l t i p l ei n t r a h e p a t i cl e s i o n sw i t hm o r es e v e r e destruction of intrahepatic structures have led to a relatively small number of patients, only 35%, undergoing radical hepatectomy (3,4), Liver transplantation was recognized as the best treatment for patients with advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis because of the destruction of the liver and surrounding organs and the redu ced prognosis for patients with such advanced disease ( 5). However, allogeneic liver transplantation can be associated with a shortage of donor ’s livers during treatment, and lifelong immunosuppressive medication, which leads to a signi ficantly higher risk of recurrence of encapsulated worms and affects the use of liver transplantation in HAE ( 5,6). Pichlmayr ’st e a m( 7)first completed the resection of hepatic malignancies in 1988 usingELRA as a radical approach for tumours that conventional surgery could not remove. To overcome the dilemma faced by liver transplantation in HAE, in 2011, Professor Wen Hao ’s team ( 8)first reported the application of the isolated liver resection technique combined with ELRA to the treatment of HAE patients, which several cen tres subsequently adopted in China for the treatment of HAE with good results. The clinical data and follow-up data of 13 ELRA patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from January 2015 to December 1, 2020, are retrospectively analyzed and reported. Patients and methods Data of patients undergoing surgery: The data of 13 patients admitted to the Af filiated Hospital of Qinghai University from January 2015 to January 2020 who underwent ELRA for advanced hepatic vesicular encrustation disease were retrospectively analyzed, and the ir main characteristics were as follows: (1) the target lesion was challenging to resect in vivo , the reserved hepatic involved vasculature was dif ficult to resect and reconstruct, and bleeding from the liver and blood vessels close to the liver was dif ficult to control; (2) the prepared left hepatic vein-inferior vena cava venous con flu e n c es i t ei n v a s i o n , pre-existing hepatic portal vein tertiary and higher branch invasion; (3) patient in the good physical condition and normal liver and renal function before surgery. There were 3 cases (23.1%) of males and 10 (76.9%) of females, aged 18 –59 years, with a mean age of 38.3 years. Patients presented with symptoms of jaundice before surgery in 8 cases; recurrent upper abdominal discomfort in 5 cases; Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min <10% in 6 cases and >10% in 7 cases; Child-Pugh A in 8 cases and grade B in 5 cases; all patients underwent preoperative PHI staging (HX-PHI Staging system) ( 9), The severity of vascular erosion was classi fied into 3 grades and different types according to the preoperative imaging assessment of the operated patients; the speci fic typing and grading levels are shown in Table 1 . this study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients had postoperative pathology con firmed as hepatic echinococcosis; the patients and their families signed an informed consent form. The patient ’sp r e o p e r a t i v ec l i n i c a l data and preoperative assessment results are shown in Table 2 .Preoperative surgical feasibility assessment Imaging was performed to understand the size, extent of infiltration,vascular and biliary involvement of the liver lesion ( 10, 11)(Figure 1A ); for patients with extensive invasion and/or compression of the posterior hepatic inferior vena cava, an inferior vena cava angiogram was required; the degree of inferior vena cava stenosis was assessed and the presence or absence of collateral circulation established ( Figure 1B ); all patients were treated with three-dimensional reconstruction of the liver and a liver model was created ( Figure 1C ) to visualize the size of the lesion, calculate the actual liver volume, liver lesion volume, remaining liver volume,and standard liver volume to assess the surgical outcome to ensure the safety of the procedure ( 12,13); the ICGR 15-minute retention rate was performed 1 week before surgery in all patients to assess the reserve function of the patient ’s liver to predict the occurrence of liver failure after surgery; all patients were treated preoperatively according to semi-ex Vivo All patients were prepared preoperatively for hepatectomy or hepatectomy combined with autologous transplantation. Surgical procedures After general anaesthesia, an incision is made through a herringbone incision, layer by layer, until the abdominal cavity is entered. Once the lesion is seen, intraoperative ultrasonography is used to demonstrate the intrahepatic invasion of the lesion further, to make a preliminary determination of the status of the lesion to the hilar, and to examine other extrahepatic organs for the presence of extrahepatic metastases. Adequate freeing of the liver, with the the third porta hepatis (at the lower part of the vena cava sulcus, at the outlet of the right posterior inferior hepatic vein and caudate vein) as utterly free as possible or, if the the third porta hepatis is found to be invaded by a lesion, in vitro separation after adequate dissection; sequential blocking and dissection of the CHD (common hepatic duct), PHA (Proper hepatic artery), SHIVC (suprahepatic inferior vena cava), IHIVC (Inferhepatic inferior vena cava) RHIVC (Retrohepatic inferior vena cava) from the body (Figure 1D ). The inferior vena cava was reconstructed by end-to- end anastomosis of the arti ficial vessel-superior and inferior vena cava using a 6-0 prolene wire ( Figure 1E ). A temporary portal vein shunt was established by end-to-end anastomosis of the PV to the artificial IVC. These two routine steps maintain hemodynamic stability during the procedure. Blood gas analysis, including pH, LAC, and SaPO2, was performed at 1-hour intervals, and anaesthetic adjustments were made accordingly. After the liver is removed from the body, the liver is continuously lavaged with 0-4° lavage solution viathe portal vein, followed by sequential lavage of the hepatic artery and the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. The ultrasonic knife and bipolar electrocoagulation forceps were used to separate the liver parenchyma along the hepatic sickle ligament and carefully isolate the liver lesion, followed by complete resection of the diseased liver ( Figure 1F ), the healthy side intact. After the reserved liver has been repaired ex vivo ( Figure 1I ), the reconstructed hepatic vein is lateralized to the arti ficial inferiorYuan et al. 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1089788 Frontiers in Surgery 02 frontiersin.org" 190 W4286638093.pdf 22 "Figure 4 Gene duplication analysis of GhPRXs . (A) paralogous gene pairs among G.hirumtum . (B) Ka, Ks, Ka/Ks distribution of PRXs gene pairs. Ka, Ks, Ka/Ks analysis of GhPRXs -GhPRXs . PeerJ reviewing PDF | (2021:12:69244:2:0:NEW 19 May 2022) Manuscripttobereviewed" 191 W2003954981.pdf 0 "Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.8/April-2015/17.pdf Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 523RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Utility of a rapid immunochromatographic strip test in detecting canine parvovirus infection compared with polymerase chain reaction Sundaran S. Tinky, R. Ambily, Sreeja R. Nair and Mangattumuruppel Mini Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala Corresponding author: R. Ambily, e-mail: ambilysd@gmail.com, SST: ss4tinky@gmail.com, SRN: drsreejarnair@gmail.com, MM: mini@kvasu.ac.in Received: 18-12-2014, Revised: 19-03-2015, Accepted: 26-03-2015, Published online: 21-04-2015 doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.523-526. How to cite this article: Tinky SS, Ambily R, Nair SR, Mini M. (2015) Utility of a rapid immunochromatographic strip test in detecting canine parvovirus infection compared with polymerase chain reaction, Veterinary World 8(4); 523-526. Abstract Aim: The present study was undertaken to detect the presence of canine parvovirus (CPV) in fecal samples of diarrheic dogs by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunochromatographic (IC) strip test and to compare the diagnostic potential of these tests. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 fecal samples collected from diarrheic dogs suspected for CPV infection were subjected to PCR using CPV-555 primer amplifying the gene coding for the VP1 protein. These samples were also tested by IC strip test using a commercial rapid Ag test kit. The results were statistically analyzed using McNemar test. Results: A total of 22 samples (44%) were detected as positive by PCR, which yielded a specific amplicon of 583 bp. In IC strip test, 18 (36%) samples were found to be positive. The sensitivity of the test as compared to PCR was found to be 72.22% and specificity was 92.86%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of IC strip test was found to be 88.89% and 81.25%, respectively. Statistical analysis of the results of PCR and IC assay using McNemar test revealed no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: The IC strip test could be employed as a rapid field level diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of canine parvoviral diarrhea. Keywords: canine parvoviral diarrhea, immunochromatographic strip test, polymerase chain reaction. Introduction Parvoviral enteritis is a highly contagious disease causing heavy mortality in dogs all over the world. Early and rapid diagnosis is quintessential, so that the infected dogs can be isolated and supportive treatment can be adopted to reduce morbidity and mortality [1]. The etiological agent is canine parvovirus (CPV), which emerged in the 1970s as a host range variant of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). The virus is now classified as Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 [2]. The infection is characterized by acute hemorrhagic gas-troenteritis in adult dogs and myocarditis in puppies causing high morbidity and mortality [3]. Diagnosis on the basis of clinical signs is not definitive, since several other pathogenic organisms can cause diarrhea in dogs. Therefore, a clinical diag-nosis should always be confirmed with laboratory tests. The standard method for the identification of CPV infection is the detection of morphologically intact virus particles by electron microscopy (EM). This method is fast and specific, but expensive and less sensitive [4]. Isolation of the virus from sus-pected fecal samples is laborious and time consuming [5]. Thus, although EM and virus isolation are highly specific, they are not often used routinely in a clinical setting [6]. Hemagglutination test seems to be accept-able in routine diagnosis because the test is relatively simple, rapid, and inexpensive, but it is less sensitive and specific [7]. Serological tests fail to diagnose infections in acute stages. Hence, early diagnosis is focused on molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is a reliable technique with high degree of sensitivity and specificity in detecting CPV from fecal samples than the conventional anti-gen or antibody based methods [8,9]. However, the technique needs relatively expensive equipment and reagents, which are not available in routine veterinary practice. This has led to the development of various rapid field level diagnostic test kits based on the prin-ciple of immunochromatography [10]. The advantage is that these tests are easy to perform with minimal costs even by the dog owners [11]. However, the efficacies of these rapid tests are often dubious. Considering the above facts, it was decided to detect CPV among diarrheic dogs by PCR and immunochromatographic (IC) strip test and to compare the diagnostic potential of these tests. Materials and Methods Ethical approval No ethical approval is necessary for clinical cases. However, all samples were collected as per standard sample collection procedure.Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attributin License (http://creative commons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited." 192 W3098079631.pdf 22 "configurations with two kinds of boundary conditions. They are ass ociated with the Rindler metric and the Taub one, respectively [ 77–83]. A geometry of these configurations consists in the flat space with the Rindler metric from one side of the slice and wit h the Taub metric from another side. An unexpected peculiarity of the solutions is loos ing of mirror symmetry [77,78]. A slice with a matter is inside a singular surface. Contrary to this, th e solution (24), (25) is regular, naturally preserves mirror symmetry, satisfies all the energy conditions and opens a way to find a full general-relativistic solution for the disk , at least, numerically (see Appendix). We can note that the disk field and the field with the T aub metric are qualitatively different as follows from the second-order invariants. We can certify that the spacetime attributed to the large disk is ess entially curved. At some time, anincrease of the disk radius leaves all thedisk under the horizon. Therefore, the disk radius is limited. As a result, the Riemann tensor and the field inhom ogeneity cannot be vanished. The Ricci tensor is zero. The existence of a horizon at a large disk radius is the main disagreement with the previous results [ 13–20]. Even for the arbitrarily small surface mass density, one can find so large disk radius Rthatrg/R>>1. In this case, the field of the gravitating disk is equivalent to that of a pointlike Schwarz schild source and all points near the disk surface are under the horizon . Therefore, the infinite gravitating plane is a nonexistent object. Importantly, the nonexistence of the un iform gravitational field has been proven without the use of the weak-field approximation . The same result follows from the brane-world point of view, where the infinite plane is embedded in 3 D space. This conclusion is very important for the correct analysis of the EEP . Sec.VIpresents a comparison of the equations of particle motion in the three importan t quasi-uniform gravita- tional fields and in the uniformly accelerated frame. We have conside red the Schwarzschild field in the Cartesian and isotropic coordinates and the field of the gr avitating disk. The equations of particle motion in all four cases do not coincide with each other while the New- tonian limit in these cases is the same. Therefore, the spatial inhomo geneity significantly influences the form of the equations of motion. Since the EEP has be en formulated only relative to a constant uniform gravitational field [ 1], it is not violated by the results pre- sented. Thus, the consideration of the quasi-uniform gravitation al field of the disk confirms the conclusion first made in Ref. [ 4]. It is also important that the gravitoelectromagnetic fields in the Sch warzschild spacetime in the Cartesian and isotropic coordinates and in the quasi-uniform g ravitational field of the 23" 193 W3112914009.pdf 4 "1055 Shalsabila Jasmira Aisyah Identify the Protective Effect of Garlic as Antioxidant Against Free Radicals Simpulan Dan Saran Terbukti bahwa bawang putih yang memiliki khasiat antioksidan lebih adalah bawang putih local siung tunggal dan aged garlic dibandingkan fresh . Zat organosulfur pada bawang putih antara lain flavonoid, adenosin, ahoene, dan alliin . Ketika bawang putih mentah dihancurkan, akan terjadi proses pemecahan sel dari allicin menjadi Allyl tiosulfat yang berperan penting dalam proses pe nurunan lipid, antikanker, dan antio ksidan . Karena penelitian yang telah dibahas dilakukan dengan metode DPPH, maka masih perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan metode in vivo terutama pada histopatologi berbagai macam organ pada mencit atau tikus dengan dosis bertingkat dimana sumbe r radikal bebas langsung dari paparan asap rokok samping atau side stream smoke . Daftar Rujukan Chairunnisa, O. P. (2019). Literatur Review Efek Bawang Putih ( Allium Sativ um L ) Sebagai Pengobatan Penyakit Ja ntung Koroner . 10(2), 250–254. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v10i2.160 Febrinda, A., Astawan, M., Wresdiyati, T., & Dewi Yuliana, N. (2013). Kapasitas Antioksidan Dan Inhibitor Alfa Glukosidase Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Daya k. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pang an, 24(2), 161–167. https://doi.org/10.6066/jtip.2013.24.2.161 Gruhlke, M. C. H., Nicco, C., Batteux, F., & Slusarenko, A. J. (2017). The effects of allicin, a reactive sulfur species from garlic, on a selection of mamm alian cell lines. Antioxidants , 6(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox6010001 Hendra, H. (2017). Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum L.) Dan Lama Penyimpanan Terhadap Daya Awet Tahu Putih . Biota , 3(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.19109/b iota.v3i2.1193 Jang, H. J., Lee, H. J., Yoon, D. K., Ji, D. S., Kim, J. H., & Lee, C. H. (2018). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fresh garlic and aged garlic by -products extracted with different solvents. Food Science and Biotechnology , 27(1), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10 068 -017 -0246 -4 Ko, J. W., Jeong, S. H., Kwon, H. J., Shin, N. R., Seo, Y. S., Kim, J. C., Shin, I. S., & Kim, J. S. (2018). Preventive effect of garlic oil and its organosulfur component diallyl - disulfide on cigarette sm oke-induced airway inflammation in m ice. Nutrients , 10(11), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111659 Lawson, L. D., & Hunsaker, S. M. (2018). Allicin bioavailability and bioequivalence from garlic supplements and garlic foods. In Nutrients (Vol. 10, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu100708 12 Martaningtyas, D. C., Nurliani, A., & Rusmiati. (2015). Efek Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Bulbus Bawang Dayak ( Eleutherine americana ) terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Tikus Putih ( Rattus norvegicus L ) yang Dipapar Asap Rokok Kretek. Jsv, 33(1), 85– 93. Milo, S. (2015). Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok di Dalam Rumah Dengan Kejadian ISPA Pada Anak Umur 1 -5 Tahun di Puskesmas Sario Kota Manado. EJournal Keperawatan , 3(2), 2–6. Mohi El -Din, M. M., Mostafa, A. M., & Abd -Elkader, A . (2014). Experimental studies on th e effect of (Lambda -Cyhalothrin) insecticide on lungs and the ameliorating effect of plant extracts (Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) on asthma development in albino rats. BMC Research Notes , 7(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756 -0500 -7-243 Nurjanah, Kresnowati, L., & Mufid, A. (2014). Gangguan Fungsi Paru Dan Kadar Cotinine Pada Urin Karyawan Yang Terpapar Asap Rokok Orang Lain. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat , 10(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.15294/ kemas.v10i1.3069" 194 W2007921612.pdf 5 "to the frequency of blog postings at time tby user i. Next, we use the following relation between the execution rate mi(t)and the activity Ai, ci T(i) totðT(i) tot 0mi(t)dt~Ai, ð11Þ where ciis a proportionality constant. For the arriving rate li(t), since we do not have any information of when a new task isarriving, we assume l i(t)to be the same as mi(t). Based on this idea, for each user i, we perform numerical simulations as follows: i) We numerically generate both arrival and execution time sequences ftkg[(0,T(i) tot/C138through the Poisson process with the rates mi(t)andli(t)[31]. ii) Subsequent these time sequences, we input a task into the queue when it is not full of Litasks, where the queue size Lii s determined at a later stage. Upon arrival, the task is given apriority x[½0,1/C138. At the same time, a task with the highest priority is executed and removed from the queue. Thewaiting time of the task is also recorded. iii) We repeat this procedure until N iwaiting times are obtained. Niis regarded as the number of blog posts uploaded by user i. In this model, the activity is determined to be Ai~Ni=T(i) tot, whereas the queue size Liand the proportionality constant ci remain to be determined. To determine Liandci, i.e., to generate a synthetic probability distribution function fit to the empirical data, we use theKolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistical test [32]. We obtain a set of^LL jand ^ccjfor each user iby minimizing the KS statistic between the empirical data and simulated data. They are distributed as shown in Fig. 7. The closeness between the empirical data and thesimulated data is tested (see Fig. 8): the obtained pvalue is shown in the legend. It is known that if the p-value is higher than a preassigned value ( p~0:05), then one can accept the null hypothesis that the probability distribution functions are identical.As we can see in the p-value histogram of Fig. 7(b), most cases show good agreement between synthetic and empirical data withhigh pvalues: The fraction of users is 23.2% for pw0:9, and86.3% for pw0:1. Thus, it can be said that our theoretical result reasonably reproduces the empirical pattern. Moreover, we simulate the queuing process by using the average rates of SmTand SlTinstead of the time-dependent form ofm(t)andl(t)for each user. In most cases, there is only a slight difference between the two simulated results with different types of parameters as shown in Fig. 8. However, there are apparent different cases for the two results; these occur when periodic time intervals appear in the activity of writing blog posts. In this case, the time-dependent forms m(t)andl(t)are better for fitting to the empirical data. Conclusions In this work, we have studied the inter-event time statistics of human dynamics based on a large scale of on-line records of blog writings at a Korean portal site. We observed that the IET distributions of each user exhibit a universal pattern in the short- time regime, but they exhibit different decay patterns in the long- time regime, which depends on the activities of individual users. Moreover, we observed a clear periodic pattern with a period of one day, which reflects the circadian pattern of human behavior. We explained these patterns within the framework of the queueing model. First, we identified active and inactive time intervals of individual behaviors and then removed inactive time interval and constructed an ad-hoc time domain. Next, we applied the priority- based queueing model in the ad-hoc time domain by adjusting the arrival and execution rates of tasks to the empirical data. Following this, we returned to the real time domain and found our theoretical results to be in agreement with the empirical results including the positions of circadian peaks [6,13,18,27]. The microscopic studies performed in this paper enable us tounderstand these empirical results from a theoretical perspective. Acknowledgments We would like to thank Mr. Youn Sik Lee, Director of Data Information Center, for allowing for using the data after deleting user names, and Mr. Sukwon Kang for helpful discussion. Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: BK JK. Analyzed the data: JKDL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JK. Wrote the paper: BK JK. References 1. Lazer D, Pentland A, Adamic L, Aral S, Baraba ´si AL, et al. (2009) SOCIAL SCIENCE: computational social science. Science 323: 721–723. 2. Castellano C, Fortunato S, Loreto V (2009) Statistical physics of social dynamics. Rev Mod Phys 81: 591646. 3. Song C, Qu Z, Blumm N, Baraba ´si AL (2010) Limits of predictability in human mobility. Science 327: 1018–1021. 4. Baraba ´si AL (2005) The origin of bursts and heavy tails in human dynamics. Nature 435: 207–211. 5. Johansen A (2004) Probing human response times. Physica A 338: 286–291.6. 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Zhou T, Kiet HAT, Kim BJ, Wang BH, Holme P (2008) Role of activity in human dynamics. Europhys Lett 82: 28002. 14. Johansen A, Sornette D (2000) Download relaxation dynamics on the WWW following newspaper publication of URL. Physica A 276: 338–345. 15. Johansen A (2001) Response time of internauts. Physica A 296: 539–546. 16. Chessa AG, Murre JM (2004) A memory model for internet hits after media exposure. Physica A 333: 541–552. 17. Harder U, Paczuski M (2006) Correlated dynamics in human printing behavior. Physica A 361: 329–336. 18. Radicchi F (2009) Human activity in the web. Phys Rev E 80: 026118. 19. Baraba ´si AL (2011) Bursts: the hidden patterns behind everything we do, from your e-mail to bloody crusades. New York: Plume. 20. Karsai M, Kaski K, Baraba ´si AL, Kerte ´sz J (2012) Universal features of correlated bursty behaviour. Sci Rep 2: 397. 21. Wu Y, Zhou C, Xiao J, Kurths J, Schellnhuber HJ (2010) Evidence for a bimodal distribution in human communication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 18803–18808. 22. Jo HH, Pan RK, Kaski K (2012) Time-varying priority queuing models for human dynamics. Phys Rev E 85: 066102. 23. Hidalgo R CA (2006) Conditions for the emergence of scaling in the inter-event time of uncorrelated and seasonal systems. Physica A 369: 877–883. 24. Malmgren D, Stouffer D, Campanharo A, Nunes Amaral L (2009) On universality in human correspondence activity. Science 325: 1696–1700. 25. Vajna S, To ´th B, Kerte ´sz J (2012) Modelling power-law distributed interevent times: arXiv: 1211.1175.Circadian and Bursty Pattern of Human Activities PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 6 March 2013 | Volume 8 | Issue 3 | e58292" 195 W4246657974.pdf 75 "IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology 28 of 1622PAC, 1993, 65, 2291 (Nomenclature of kinetic methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)) on page 2294 PAC, 1994, 66, 1077 (Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) on page 1112 activation in electrochemical corrosion The process of transition from the passive to the active state by removal of the passivating film. A necessary condition for activation is an electrode potential negative to the equilibrium potential of formation of the passivating film . Activation is achieved by cathodic currents, by a reduced substance in the adjacent solution, or by contact with an electronic conductor having a suitably negative corrosion potential . See also: passive state , active state Source: PAC, 1989, 61, 19 (Electrochemical corrosion nomenclature (Recommendations 1988)) on page 21 activation in radiochemistry The process of inducing radioactivity by irradiation. In general, a specification is added of the type of incident radiation (e.g. nuclear, neutron , photon) or its energy (e.g. thermal, fast). Source: PAC, 1994, 66, 2513 (Nomenclature for radioanalytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) on page 2515 activation reaction Process leading from the reactants to the formation of an activated complex or transition state . Source: Physical Chemistry Division, unpublished activator Also contains definition of : enzyme activator A substance, other than the catalyst or one of the substrates, that increases the rate of a catalysed reaction without itself being consumed; the process is called activation . An activator of an enzyme- catalysed reaction may be called enzyme activator, if it acts by binding to the enzyme. See also: effector Source: PAC, 1993, 65, 2291 (Nomenclature of kinetic methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)) on page 2292" 196 W2550734885.pdf 3 "monitoring video data of diseases and pests. Application side is belonging to the final client . Users issue a surveillance request to the cloud storage service side used by the desktop computer, notebook computer or smartphone to check the video of diseases and pests at a remote place. Sketch map of the o verall system structure is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 Overall structure of the system 3Fundamental Function Modules 3.1 The Module of Acquisition Side The a cquisitionside mainly consists of high definition dome camera, hemispheric camera and some auxiliary equipment. According to the requirements of modern management style of fruit trees, in full fruit period, height of fruit trees often remain under about 3m. And the height of surveillance pole need higher than trees ’ height in order to observe the entire orchard. So the height of surveillance pole designs with about 3.5m.Surveillance pole adopts stainless steel material quality that not only ensured stiffness of bracket, but also prevents rain erosion and field weathering. Cameras are fitted on the top and the middle of the survei llance pole. In order to observe the diseases and pests of the entire orchard, the top camera use a unibody waterproof dome camera that equipped with a 27 -power binocular lens. Lower -middle part of the surveillance pole, under the canopy of the fruit trees , uses a hemispheric camera thatequipped with a 10 -power binocular lens. Camera stretched into the tree canopy by means of the transverse branch arm to observe the occurrence status of diseases and pests. Similarly , tak ing rainfall issue into consideration , the sealed rainproof is installed on the external of the hemispheric camera. Physical picture of the surveillance pole is shown in Fig. 2. " 197 W2935804856.pdf 0 "The rural super city - Central Lancashire New Town . Victoria Jolley1,1 1Manchester School of Architecture, UK. Abstract. From 1950 rural Lancashire, in England, became the focus of a major renewal scheme to accommodate population overspill from nearby cities of Liverpool and Manch ester. Over a period of 15 years the initial proposal for a series of self -contained new towns progressed into an ambitious s cheme for a single polycentric “supercity ” for 500,000 people. Known as Central Lancashire New Town and designed by RMJM, this part-realised development was the last and largest New Town designated under the 1965 Act. Its theoretical urban pattern, which followed new and proposed infrastructure, was unique. Based on a ladder system this straddled rich agricultural land and declining post -industrial townscapes to unify and expand existing settlements with the aim of generating prosperity on a sub -regional scale. CLNT was not completed but its planning phases can be traced across Lancashire’s urban and rural landscapes by built communications networks and city -scale public and civic buildings. Referencing three different new town typologies this paper will outline the project’s evol ution and identify the impact that designing for the motorcar and future change had on the provision of green space. This research has be en undertaken using previously “closed ” archival resources and architectural journal and local press articles. Introduction Designated in 1970 Central Lancashire New Town is significant because it was the last and largest of the third generation new towns proposed in Britain between 1967 and 1970 and it demonstrated an unprecedented application of the New Town Act. Set within rural Lancashire, CLNT is a part -realised sub -regional complex based on an interconnected series of urban townships. Inspired by the context’s poly -centricity, it focused on existing small towns and villages surrounding Preston, Chorley a nd Leyland and involved the creation of substantial new communities as well as the controlled expansion of existing settlements (Figure 1) . Prepared by Central Lancashire Development Corporation following extensive consultation, its strategy for delivery over a period of 30 years was released prior to a public inquiry as an Outline Plan in 1974 [1: 9]. This master -plan, prepared by Robert Matthew Johnson Marshall and Partners, accommodated a predicted population increase from 253,000 in 1966 to 503,000 in 1991 over 51,460 acres, 44,187 acres of which had been identified as suitable for development. Four key criteria needed to be satisfied – the integration of 1 Corresponding author: v.jolley@mmu.ac.uk © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).SHS Web of Conferences 63, 05003 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196305003 MODSCAPES 2018" 198 W3031517209.pdf 5 "guidance and regulation of actin cytoskeleton were also expressed at higher levels (Fig 3c). KITLG-related miRNA pro files miRNA data was excavated from TCGA-THYM to fur- ther explore the correlati on with KITLG expression. A total of 79 positive and 78 negative miRNAs were identi- fied (P<0 . 0 5 , P e a r s o n R>0 . 5 o r< −0.5, Fig 4a). As previous studies reported , some of these miRNAs were closely associated with thymoma or the thymus. As for upregulated miRNA, miR-125a regulates FOXP3 expres- sion and modulates the different in flammatory signaling pathways; this might be associated with thymoma with myasthenia gravis.20High expression of miR-34a might modulate thymoma cell differentiation and develop- ment.21As for downregulated miRNA, miR-106 can tar- get MEK2, which might affect the thymus ’immune function.22Meanwhile, MEK2 is a member of the MAPKsignaling pathway, which was also upregulated in type A and AB thymoma, as previously mentioned. miR-363 could regulate TNF receptor superfamily member 5 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, which mightinfluence the tumor cell cycle. 23Low levels of miR-20b expression were also evident in thymoma. MiR-20b acts as a tumor suppressor in the development of thymomaby repression of NFAT5 and CAMTA1 expression to inhibit NFAT signaling. 24MiR-7 can control CCL21 release, which is essential for thymoma germinal centerdevelopment. 25The differentially expressed miRNAs are also presented with KITLG expression in a heatmap (Fig 4b). An interaction n etwork of differentially expressed miRNAs and KITLG was established using Cytoscape 3.7.126to further demonstrate their relation- ship (Fig 4c). KITLG as the core was at the center of thenetwork. The upregulated miRNAs are represented by pink rounded rectangles, while the downregulated miRNAs are labeled by green rounded rectangles. Figure 4 KITLG related genome-wide microRNAs pro files. (a) Volcano plot of positive and negative microRNAs. ( b) Heatmap of microRNAs associ- ated with KITLG. The top curve shows KITLGs expression distribution of 121 thymoma samples. ( c) Interaction network of differentially expressed microRNAs and KITLG. Thoracic Cancer 11(2020) 1944 –1954 © 2020 The Authors. Thoracic Cancer published by China Lung Oncology Group and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 1949Z. Yang et al. KITLG for type A and AB thymoma" 199 W4388503548.pdf 5 "jOR=1.6). Including unsalted nuts and seeds in one ’s diet (p<0.001) was associated with ageing while on ART. At multivariate analysis, there was a reduc- tion in the odds of ageing among respondents who included unsalted nuts and seeds in their diet and (from unadjOR=2.2 to adjOR=1.8). Regularly adding salt to food during cooking (p=0.004) was associated with ageing while on ART. Multivariate analysis revealed that there was a reduction in the odds of ageing among respond- ents who regularly added salt to their food during cooking (from unadjOR=3.1 to adjOR=2.6). Hence at bivariate level, the nutrition factors that were found associated with ageing while on ART were confidence about current nutrition knowledge (p<0.001), eating breakfast (p=0.016), preference for half the plate being fruits/vegetables (p<0.001), including unsalted nuts and seeds in one ’s diet (p<0.001) and regularly adding salt to food during cooking (p=0.004). At multivariate analysis, the odds of ageing among respondents who eat breakfast remained the same, while there was a 10% increase in the odds for re- spondents who were confident about their nutrition knowledge from 0.4 to 0.5 (adjOR=0.5; 95%CI 0.3 -0.7). While there was a reduction in the odds of ageing among respondents who preferred that half their plate consisted of fruits or vegetables (from unadjOR=2.0 to adjOR=1.6), those who included unsalted nuts and seeds in their diet and (from un- adjOR=2.2 to adjOR=1.8) and those who regularly added salt to their food during cooking (from unad- jOR=3.1 to adjOR=2.6), these respondents still had higher odds compared to those that had responded “no” to these components. Table 2: Relationship between ageing and nutrition factors In summary, Confidence about current nutrition knowledge, (p<0.001), eating breakfast (p=0.039), pref- erence for half the plate consisting of fruits or vegetables (p=0.031), including unsalted nuts and seeds in Variable Unadj OR (95% p-value Adj. OR (95% p-value Confident about current nutrition knowledge No Yes 1 (Reference) 0.4 (0.3-0.6) <0.001* 1 (Reference) 0.5 (0.3-0.7) <0.001* Eat breakfast No Yes 1 (Reference) 0.5 (0.3-0.9) 0.018* 1 (Reference) 0.5 (0.3-1.0) 0.039* Prefer that half your plate is fruits/vegetables No Yes 1 (Reference) 2.0 (1.4-2.8) <0.001* (Reference) 1.6 (1.0-2.3) 0.031* Include unsalted nuts and seeds in diet No Yes 1 (Reference) 2.2 (1.4-3.5) <0.001* (Reference) 1.8 (1.1-2.9) 0.013* Regularly add salt to food during cooking No Yes 1 (Reference) 3.1 (1.4-6.9) 0.006* 1 (Reference) 2.6 (1.1-5.9) 0.028* * Denotes statistical significant at p<0.05 AJMCRR, 2023 Volume 2 | Issue 11 | 6 of 10 " 200 W3085847135.pdf 8 "Page 9 of 9 Lv et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:475 • fast, convenient online submission • thorough peer review by experienced researchers in your field • rapid publication on acceptance • support for research data, including large and complex data types • gold Open Access which fosters wider collaboration and increased citations maximum visibility for your research: over 100M website views per year • At BMC, research is always in progress. Learn more biomedcentral.com/submissionsReady to submit y our researc h ? Choose BMC and benefit fr om: 21. Brosson D, Kuhn L, Delbac F, Garin J, Vivarès PC. Proteomic analysis of the eukaryotic parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi (microsporidia): a refer - ence map for proteins expressed in late sporogonial stages. Proteomics. 2006;6:3625–35. 22. Becnel JJ, Andreadis TG. Microsporidia in insects. Microsporidia. 2014:521–70. 23. Han B, Polonais V, Sugi T, Yakubu R, Takvorian PM, Cali A, et al. The role of microsporidian polar tube protein 4 (PTP4) in host cell infection. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13:e1006341. 24. Liu FY, Ma Q, Dang XQ, Wang Y, Song Y, Meng XZ, et al. Identification of a new subtilisin-like protease NbSLP2 interacting with cytoskeletal protein septin in Microsporidia Nosema bombycis. J Invertebr Pathol. 2017;148:110–7. 25. Corsaro D, Walochnik J, Venditti D, Steinmann J, Müller KD, Michel R. Microsporidia-like parasites of amoebae belong to the early fungal line - age Rozellomycota. Parasitol Res. 2014;113:1909–18. 26. Wang Y, Geng HX, Dang XQ, Xiang H, Li T. Comparative analysis of the proteins with tandem repeats from 8 microsporidia and characteriza-tion of a novel endospore wall protein colocalizing with polar tube from Nosema bombycis. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2017;64:707–15. 27. Han B, Takvorian PM, Weiss LM. Invasion of host cells by microsporidia. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:172–4. 28. Taupin V, Garenaux E, Mazet M, Maes E, Denise H, Prensier G. Major O-glycans in the spores of two microsporidian parasites are represented by unbranched manno-oligosaccharides containing α-1,2 linkages. Glycobiology. 2006;17:56–67. 29. He Q, Luo J, Xu JZ, Meng XZ, Pan GQ, Li T. In-vitro cultivation of Nosema bombycis sporoplasms: a method for potential genetic engineering of microsporidia. J Invertebr Pathol. 2020;174:107420. 30. Bohne W, Böttcher K, Groß U. The parasitophorous vacuole of Encepha-litozoon cuniculi: biogenesis and characteristics of the host cell–pathogen interface. Int J Med Microbiol. 2011;301:395–9. 31. Magaud A, Achbarou A, Desportes-Livage I. Cell invasion by the micro - sporidium Encephalitozoon intestinalis. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1997;44:81–3. 32. Schottelius J, Schmetz C, Kock NP , Schüler T, Sobottka I, Fleischer B. Presentation by scanning electron microscopy of the life cycle of micro - sporidia of the genus Encephalitozoon. Microbes Infect. 2000;2:1401–6. 33. Bigliardi E, Sacchi L. Cell biology and invasion of the microsporidia. Microbes Infect. 2001;3:373–9. Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in pub - lished maps and institutional affiliations." 201 W4378222719.pdf 8 "Educ. Sci. 2023 ,13, 542 9 of 19 each coach and the classroom practice that was the focus of each observation (e.g., class- room climate). We assessed the impact of CHALK by comparing the covariate-adjusted mean outcome values between the CHALK and usual coaching groups. We evaluated the impact of the intervention on the classroom observation measures by comparing mean values across the CHALK and usual coaching conditions at the intermediate and year-end time points. The child assessment analysis used a complete case sample of children who had both pretest and posttest assessments. We used a two-level model with a random intercept clustered at the coach level (i.e., the level of the randomization). The model also contained covariates for the baseline assessment value, child age at the baseline assessment, days between the start of the school year and the baseline assessment, days between the baseline and endline assessment, child race, and child gender. 3. Results We first compared the demographic characteristics of our participants at the baseline, calculating effect sizes between conditions using the COX transformation [ 38]. Child gender was balanced across the CHALK and usual coaching samples, but there were substantial racial and age imbalances across conditions. The CHALK sample was 60% Black and 34% White, whereas the usual coaching sample was 80% Black and 17% White. We then calculated effect sizes for age in months and age in months at assessment date and compared the number of days between pretest and posttest assessments by estimating Hedges’ g[39]. We found that the two conditions were also imbalanced in terms of child age. The CHALK students were two months older on September 1st of the school year and one month older at assessment than students in the usual coaching condition. This translates to a standardized mean difference of 0.32 between the child ages on September 1st and a standardized mean difference of 0.12 at assessment. This was due to the baseline child assessments being collected later, on average, for the usual coaching group than for the CHALK group. The mean assessment day for the CHALK group was 79 days after September 1st, and the mean assessment day for the usual coaching group was 100 days after September 1st ( g= 0.60). This produced average ages that were closer together at assessment for the two conditions but also meant that children in the usual coaching condition had more time in preschool before their baseline assessments were collected than did children in the CHALK condition. None of the demographic or assessment timing differences were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. 3.1. Implementation Study Focus of coaching. All coaches and teachers reported that their primary focus for coaching was their respective PLC topic, but five of the coaches added that they used each observation and subsequent conversation as an opportunity to assess teachers’ in- dividual instructional needs and then adjusted the focus to fit teachers’ needs. Six of the seven coaches described choosing a coaching focus in collaboration with their teachers (two CHALK coaches and all of the control group coaches). “So with the PLC that they’re in, the topics are already laid out because we do a book study. It is—it’s with what we’re going through in the book. So that’s how we do it. But if I was going in to observe the classroom, I would take that tool and say, okay, is she doing any number? And it’s good because now I’m more aware and aware is the big thing. And intentional and being aware is the game in this tool ”. (chalk coach) “My PLC topic is very important and I feel like that I just can’t get enough of it. And it’s so good information that every time we review it, we get a new piece ”. (chalk teacher) “So I think it depends on their goals or what they’re specifically working on. So who can I think of? Well, I can think of [Teacher], the girl who I talked about. She’s been working on, with her large group time, student engagement ”. (chalk Coach)" 202 W3152995402.pdf 9 "839Web Inventory of Transcribed and Translated Talks. InProceedings of the 16th EAMT Conference , pages 261–268, Trento, Italy. Rajen Chatterjee, Matteo Negri, Marco Turchi, Mar- cello Federico, Lucia Specia, and Fr ´ed´eric Blain. 2017. Guiding Neural Machine Translation Decod- ing with External Knowledge. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Machine Translation , pages 157–168, Copenhagen, Denmark. Association for Computational Linguistics. 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In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chap- ter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Pa- pers) , pages 1314–1324, New Orleans, Louisiana. Association for Computational Linguistics. Peng Qi, Yuhao Zhang, Yuhui Zhang, Jason Bolton, and Christopher D. Manning. 2020. Stanza: A Python Natural Language Processing Toolkit for Many Human Languages. In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Compu- tational Linguistics: System Demonstrations . Rico Sennrich. 2017. How Grammatical is Character- level Neural Machine Translation? Assessing MT Quality with Contrastive Translation Pairs. In Pro- ceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Lin- guistics: Volume 2, Short Papers , pages 376–382, Valencia, Spain. Association for Computational Lin- guistics." 203 W2101116610.pdf 1 "1785 Trindade Neto et al. R. Bras. Zootec., v.39, n.8, p.1784-1790, 2010Introduction The low performance of piglets after weaning is partly caused by the poorly developed digestive systemand the fact that it is not accustomed to dry food. The first two weeks after weaning are characterized as transitory phase for the piglet and it may be characterizedby anorexic situations and damages on the production of digestive enzymes as well as on the intestinal villous. Under these circumstances, the diet digestibility and useof nutrients may change over time after weaning. On the other hand, feed composition and nutritional requirement tables do not consider this aspect. Dietary ingredients with high digestibility and that are compatible with the piglet physiologic conditions require some considerations. The high inclusion of lactosesource is a better alternative to substitute starch, whose use efficiency is lower in piglets due to its chemical complexity (Mahan & Newton, 1993; Tokach et al., 1995).As observed by Barbosa et al. (1999); Soares et al. (2000) and Trindade Neto et al. (2002), the diet quality during the initial period of post-weaning may influence overallanimal performance, with influences on weight and age at finishing phase. The efficiency of piglet initial diet after weaning will depend, at some extent, on anatomical and physiological development of the gastrointestinal tract from the suckling phase (Owsley et al., 1986). At birth, the gastrointestinalsystem of the pig is immature and the changes in digestive enzyme secretions reflect on a fast increase of some nutrients digestibility. However, after weaning, very fasttransformation occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, especially during the first week. The changes in the piglet gastrointestinal tract after weaning are caused by the type of food and by post- weaning transitory anorexia (Montagne et al., 2007). This anorexia affects digestive enzyme secretion (Marion et al.,2003) and intestinal villous size (Berto et al., 1996), however, the animal may have a fast recovery (Marion et al., 2003; McCracken, et al., 1999). Therefore, the digestibility and retention of some nutrients by the piglet may change from one week to another. Nevertheless, published nutritional tables do not specify the age and body weightof the animals used in determining the published values in the immediate post-weaning phase. The objective this study was to determine the apparent digestibility of diets with variable concentrations of digestible lysine and metabolizable energy in piglets in the first weeks after weaning.Material and Methods Forty-eight castrated piglets, obtained from a commercial farm, were used in this trial. The piglets were divided intotwo groups of 24 per group based on age and weight. Thefirst group was weaned one week earlier than the secondgroup, thus at the start of the experiment, the first groupweighed 12.73 ± 0.99 kg and at the age of 35 days while the second group weighed 8.68 ± 0.76 kg at 28 days of age. From weaning to start of the experimental adaptation, the pigletsfrom the first group received the same diet (pre-initialphase). The piglets, housed in metabolism crates, weresubmitted to 13 days in evaluation period, during whichseven were an adaptation period when feed was offered ad libitum. However, 24 hours before the collection period, all piglets were weighed to calculate metabolic weight (BW 0.75) and feed intakes during the collection period were based onmetabolic weight as described by Matterson et al. (1965).Total fecal and urine collections were carried out in the lastsix days as described by Barbosa et al. (1985). Ferric oxide was used as fecal marker. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and energy were determined. This study was designed as a follow-up to the study by Trindade Neto et al. (2009) in which the ratio betweendigestible lysine and metabolizable energy for nurserypiglets (6.90 ± 1.11 kg) was evaluated. The results of this study showed that increase in metabolizable energy resulted in a higher nitrogen retention, whereas increase in lysinereduced nitrogen retention. In the current study, four levelsof digestible lysine (1.222; 1.305; 1.390 and 1.497%) andthree levels of metabolizable energy (3510, 3700 and3830 kcal/kg of food) were separetely evaluated at two body weight categories. Other nutritional requirements (Table 1) were formulated to meet minimal requirements assuggested by NRC (1998) and Rostagno et al. (2005). The study was designed as a randomized block design with a fact orial arrangement. Each pig was considered an experimental unit and initial weight was used to form the blocks. When digestible lysine was considered, the factorial scheme was 2 × 4 with six replications. Whenmetabolizable energy was considered, the factorial schemewas 2 × 3 with eight replications. The body weights werethe following: 12.73 kg (35 days of age) and 8.68 (28 daysof age). The data was analyzed by using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS, 2004). Results and Discussion During the experimental period, the room temperature ranged from 19.4 ± 1.2oC to 25.2 ± 1.0oC. Due to the piglet" 204 W2131259510.pdf 5 "272 THE IDLE ACTOR IN AESCHYLUS as, for example, in that of the Merchant of Venice, in which the Duke, as judge, remains silent for some 213 lines, and Antonio, the prisoner, for about 325 lines. The silence is inherent in the situation—forced upon the poet, if one will have it so, by the circumstances of the scene. But for the choice of the scene he alone is responsible. The silences of the Eumenides, therefore, like that of the Agamemnon, afford no evidence whatever to show what the poet may have done when handling an entirely different problem. Moreover, just as it would be absurd to ascribe the silence of Antonio and the Duke to Shakespeare's inability to keep the wholenumber of actors employed, so it is manifestly a mistake to cite this scene of theEumenides as illustrating the alleged difficulty which Aeschylus encountered in trying to keep three actors employed at once (p. 29). Quite as little warrant, also, is there for citing the silence of Cassandra in this connection (p. 29). There seems to be, therefore, little support 1 for the conclusion that ' the analogy of extant scenes suggests that' Achilles and Niobe were shown as silent figures because ' the poet did not know what else to do with them ' (p. 43). On the contrary, in view of the bold ingenuity of the poet in devising spectaculareffects, it remains not merely a possibility but a probability that these and,perhaps, other characters also were so represented for the sake of the picture, thoughnot necessarily for the purpose suggested by Aristophanes, to exaggerate the effectof the actor's words. Indeed it seems, more than likely that Eustathius—basing his remark, doubtless, upon some earlier source, now lost—was right when he statedthat Aeschylus, in such scenes, was imitating Homer. 2 JAMES TURNEY ALLEN. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Dec. 6, 1906. 1 With regard to the Choephori I do not agree in that play the chorus did not enter singing. Cf. with Dr. Dignan when he thinks that Electra sits on also the Antigone. As for the Septem the arguments the step of the altar during the parodos. That the brought forward in support of the view that Eteocles vase paintings which represent her in this attitude do remained on the scene during the parodos (see above) not refer to this particular scene is shown by the are not conclusive. It seems, therefore, hardly justi- presence of Orestes in them. Tucker (pp. cit. p. 14) fiable to cite this as an instance of the idle actor in supposes that the absence of anapaests indicates that Aeschylus. the ode was not sung until the chorus reached the a See also M. Croiset, ' Eschyle Imitateur orchestra. But the parodos of the Oed. Tyr. has no d'Homere,' Rev. d. &tudes Grecques, vii. 151 sqq. anapaests : yet no one supposes, so far as I know, that" 205 W2303007295.pdf 4 "70AB 160 140 120 100 80604020 060 50403020 10 0 20 30 Panobinostat dose (mg)R= 0.361 P= 0.023P= 0.034 P= 0.333Panobinostat plasma level (ng/mL) Panobinostat plasma level (ng/mL) 40 50 60 1/2 3/4 PD CB Toxicity grade Figure 2. Relationship between panobinostat plasma concentration and dose, response, and toxicity. (A) Panobinostat plasma concentration (ng/ml) exhibit s a positive correlation with dose (mg). (B) Box plots of panobinostat plasma concentrations (ng/ml) in patients who immediately progressed (PD) vers us those who experienced clinical bene fit (CB) and in patients who experienced grade 1/2 toxicities versus those who experienced grade 3/4 toxicities. Correlations were conducted using Pearson ’s correlation coef ficient method. P= 0.538R= 0.124 080100 60 4020 0 20 40 Panobinostat plasma level (ng/mL)Relative acetylation (X-fold)B 6080R= 0.062 60 4020 0 20 30 40 Panobinostat dose (mg)Relative acetylation (X-fold)A 50 60 P= 0.0046 P= 0.0054 P= 0.251.8 1.61.41.21.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 PD CB WBC0DRelative to pre treatment PD CB ANCPD CB LymphoP= 0.915 P= 0.041 PD 1/2 3/4 Toxicity gradeCB80100C 60 40 20 0Relative acetylation (X-fold) Figure 3. Peripheral blood mononucleocyte histone acetylation relationship to panobinostat dose and plasma concentration, response, toxicity, and white c ell count. Histone acetylation neither correlates with panobinostat dose (A) nor plasma concentration (ng/ml, B). (C) Box plots of histone acetylation in patients who did (CB) versus those who did not (PD) bene fit from treatment and in patients who experienced grade 1/2 versus grade 3/4 toxicity. (D) Dot plots of all leukocytes (WBC), neutrophils (ANC), and lymphocytes (Lympho) on day 5 of treatment normalized to pretreatment on day 1 of cycle 1 comparing patientswho did (CB) and did not (PD) bene fit from treatment. The bar indicates the mean. Correlations were conducted using Pearson ’s correlation coef ficient method. Volume 27 | No. 5 | May 2016 doi:10.1093/annonc/mdw044 | Annals of Oncology original articles" 206 W2153344788.pdf 5 "Genomics and evolutionary biology | Human biology and medicine Jinek et al. eLife 2013;2:e00471. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.00471 6 of 9 Research article engineered for each new cleavage site. RNA-guided genome editing would thus offer distinct advan - tages due to the simplicity of the sgRNA design. Our results thus provide the framework for implementing Cas9 as a facile molecular tool for diverse genome editing applications. Although not tested explicitly in this study, a powerful feature of this system is the potential to program Cas9 with multiple sgRNAs in the same cell, either to increase the efficiency of targeting at a single locus, or as a means of targeting several loci simultaneously. Such strategies would find broad application in genome-wide experiments and large-scale research efforts such as the development of multigenic disease models. As an inexpensive and rapid mechanism for triggering site-specific genome modification, the programmable Cas9:sgRNA system could potentially transform next-generation genome- scale studies. Figure 3 . 3′ extension of sgRNA constructs enhances site-specific NHEJ-mediated mutagenesis. ( A) The construct for CLTA1 sgRNA expression (top) was designed to generate transcripts containing the original Cas9-binding sequence v1.0 ( Jinek et al., 2012 ), or sequences extended by 4 base pairs (v2.1) or 10 base pairs (v2.2). ( B) Surveyor nuclease assay of genomic DNA isolated from HEK293T cells expressing Cas9 and/or CLTA sgRNA v1.0, v2.1 or v2.2. A ZFN construct previously used to target the CLTA locus ( Doyon et al., 2011 ) was used as a positive control for detecting DSB-induced DNA repair by non-homologous end joining. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.00471.006" 207 W4292457494.pdf 7 "Page 8/25 et al. (2009) used the impact function to obtain RIF estimates of various distributional statistics of health status (such as quantile, variance, Gini coe" 208 W3181479967.pdf 5 "speed n = 30558 min-1 (ω = 3200 rad/s). Figures 10 -12 show the SSS on the hull under working conditions a) b) Fig. 10. Equivalent tensions in sector (a) and into the grinding head opening (b) . a) b) Fig. 11. Radial movements (a) and axial movements (b) . The greatest stresses are in the grinding head holes and ar e l ocal i n n ature. Equivalent voltages i n t hem σekqmax = 948 MPa. Equivalent plastic deformation in the holes εр = 0,3%. Voltages in the astragal molding of the carrier p in fabric 7 22 MP a. V oltages in t he hub 6 04 MPa. Fig. 12. Equivalent plastic deformation Radial movements: flange bores (83 mm diameter) UR = 0,0137 mm; grinding head bores on the abrasive side (105 mm diameter) UR = 0,127 mm. Axial movements: grinding head holes on the abrasive side (105 mm diameter) U Z = 0,07 mm. The body in the central part is evenly stretched out radially and narrowed axially. The periphery of the casing b ends t o t he abrasive s ide. When cal culated according to the two -dimensional scheme of the stress state with stress averaging on the thickness of the disk, the safety margin Km = 2.132 in the center of the disk. Inventory at destructive speed Kv = 1.619. Calculating mandrel and spindle In o rder t o as sess the failure t o o pen t he joint between the spindle and mandrel, calculations of these elements from the action of centrifugal forces were made. Figures 13 a nd 14 s how the equivalent stresses and radial movements. At the points of contact between the spindle and mandrel, the mandrel displacement is 3 µm, while the s pindle d isplacement is 0 .5 µ m. This results in a conicity of 1: 5 to the axial displacement of the mandrel by δ = (3 - 0.5) ∙5∙2 = 25 µm. a) b) Fig. 13. Equivalent stresses in mandrel (a) and spindle (b) . a) b) Fig. 14. Radial movements in mandrel (a) and spindle (b) . This movement causes the tightening to be loosened. For this reason, a special flow screw has been designed to compensate for axial movement. Radial displacement o f flange bores (83 mm diameter) U R = 0.017 m m, a lmost id entical to th e movements of the housing flange. 6 Conclusion This work leads us to the following conclusions : 1. The strength of high -speed grinding wheels has been cal culated. T wo v ariants o f ar rangement o f machining elements are considered: horizontally and at an angle of 45 degrees. The horizontal version of the grinding heads i s p referable. The cas ing d eforms uniformly without bending. Manufacturing this casing is less time-consuming. 2. The mandrel and spindle are calculated. According to calculation s, a special screw with a flow was designed to co mpensate t he a xial movement o f t he mandrel relative to the spindle. 3. Radial movements in the area of the flange holes (83 mm i n d iameter) a t t he ho using a nd mandrel a re nearly the same. Acknowledgments The work was carried out with the financial support of the G rant C ouncil o f the President o f t he R ussian Federation for state support of young Russian scientists and for state support of leading scientific schools of the Russian Federation, grant number MD -345.2020.8. 6EPJ Web of Conferences 248, 04008 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124804008 MNPS-2020" 209 W2018334071.pdf 4 "Z-VAD induced cell death and significant IL-1 /H9251processing and release (Fig. 3 B). Necroptosis Induces IL-1 /H9251Release —Treatment of macro- phages with LPS and the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD inducesRIP3-dependent necroptosis (22), a caspase-independent formof programmed necrosis. Necroptosis can be inhibited by theRIP1 inhibitor necrostatin-1 (NEC1) (23, 24). Thus, the data wepresent above (Fig. 3 B) suggested that in our LPS-primed BMDMs, Z-VAD induced necroptosis, that this drove IL-1 /H9251 processing and release, and that this was completely indepen-dent of IL-1 /H9252. To further confirm that necroptosis was regulat- ing the processing and release of IL-1 /H9251we incubated LPS- primed BMDMs with Z-VAD (100 /H9262M) in the absence or presence of the RIP1 inhibitor NEC1 (100 /H9262M). To determine whether necroptotic responses to LPS and Z-VAD were inflam-masome-dependent we also repeated the LPS and Z-VAD experiment in BMDMs isolated from NLRP3/H11002//H11002and ASC/H11002//H11002 mice (Fig. 4). Z-VAD induced cell death in LPS-primed BMDMs from WT, NLRP3/H11002//H11002, and ASC/H11002//H11002mice, and this was not significantly affected by NEC1 (Fig. 4 A). In LPS-primed BMDMs from all strains Z-VAD induced IL-1 /H9251release, and this was significantly inhibited by NEC1 (Fig. 4 C). There was no release of IL-1 /H9252over vehicle treatment (Fig. 4 B). Interestingly, the release of IL-1 /H9251from LPS- and Z-VAD-treated ASC/H11002//H11002 cells was lower than from WT or NLRP3/H11002//H11002cells, suggesting that under these conditions release of IL-1 /H9251may be partially ASC-dependent (Fig. 4 C). We repeated these experiments in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages, another cell type com-monly used to interrogate mechanisms of IL-1 release. In LPS-primed primary peritoneal macrophages, NEC1 (100 /H9262M) FIGURE 3. Effects of YVAD and Z-VAD on apoptotic stimuli induced IL-1 release. BMDMs isolated from WT mice were treated with LPS (1 /H9262g/ml, 4 h) and then treated with CHX (100 /H9262M) or STS (5 /H9262M) in serum-free medium for 24 h. Cells were also incubated with or without the caspase-1 inhibitor YVAD (100 /H9262M (A) or the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD (100 /H9262M,B), where indicated for the duration of the experiment (after LPS stimulation). Supernatants were collected and analyzed for cell death (-fold increase in LDH release over vehicle treatment ( i), IL-1/H9252release ( ii), and IL-1 /H9251release ( iii). Release of IL-1 was measured by ELISA. Identification of the mature 17-kDa IL-1 species in supernatants was confirmed by Western blotting. All data are presented as the mean /H11006S.D. ( error bars ) from at least three separate experiments. Blots shown are representative. ***, p/H110210.001.Cell Death and the Regulation of IL-1 15946 JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOLUME 289 • NUMBER 23 • JUNE 6, 2014" 210 W3196185915.pdf 4 "14 International Journal of Advanced Computing Scienc e and Engineering ISSN 2714-7533 Vol. 3, No. 1, April 2021, pp. 10-17 Saba Azeez et.al (FPGA Implementation of High Speed and Area E fficient Three Operand Binary Adder) maximum length period of 2n for n-bit modulus opera nd. To perform the modulo-2 addition operation, it takes only single XOR logic. The prop osed PRBG method can reduce the large memory area used in the existing dual-CLCG method and also can achieve the full-length period of 2n. 4. Results Result of the proposed design is implemented using Xilinx ISE for simulation and Synthesis. 16 BIT 3-OPERAND ADDER: Simulation: Fig. 2 Simulation. Synthesis Result: Fig 3. RTL Schematic. Fig 4. Design Summary. Fig 5. Timing Summary. " 211 W2513740014.pdf 4 "On Caccioppoli-Kannan type fixed point principle 1005 Letting n→∞ we then obtain d(u, Tu)≤a1(u, Tu). which implies u=Tu. This contradicts the property (ii) for n= 1. Hence the possibility Tkx=uor Tkx=Tufor some k∈Ncan not stand. Now by (iii) of Definition 2.1 and condition (A) of Theorem 3.1, we obtain d(u, Tu)≤d(u, Tnx)+d(Tnx,Tn+1x)+d(Tn+1x,Tu) ≤d(u, Tnx)+d(Tnx,Tn+1x)+a1[d(Tnx,Tn+1x)+d(u, Tu)] ≤1 1−a1[d(u, Tnx) + (1 + a1)an 1−a1d(x, Tx)],b y(2). Letting n→∞ we get u=Tu. Hence Thas a fixed point in X. Case II . In this case we assume that Tpx=Trxfor some p, r∈N,p/negationslash=r. Let p>r. Then Tp−r(Trx)=Trx, i.e.,Tky=y, where k=p−r≥1, y=Trx∈X. Now for k=1 ,Ty=y.F o rk>1,d(y,Ty)=d(Tky,Tk+1y) ≤ak 1−a1d(y,Ty) , or, (1 −ak 1−a1)d(y,Ty)≤0. Since k>1,a1+ak<1 and so d(y,Ty) = 0, i.e., Ty=yand so Thas a fixed point in X. For uniqueness of the fixed point let Tu=uandTv=v;u, v∈X. So,d(u, v)=d(Tu.Tv )≤a1[d(u, Tu)+d(v,Tv)] = 0. Hence u=v. This proves the theorem. Remark 3.1. We show that Kannan’s fixed point theorem in generalized metric space (Theorem 2.6) and in metric space (Theorem 2.5) follow from our Theorem 3.1. Proof of Theorem 2.6. d(Tx,Ty )≤(β α)α[d(x, Tx)+d(y,Ty)], whrere 0<α=β 1−β<1. Using method of induction we easily prove that d(Tnx,Tny)≤(β α)αn[d(x, Tx)+d(y,Ty)] =an[d(x, Tx)+d(y,Ty)], where an=(β α)αn<β<1 2as 0<α< 1, which implies that all the conditions of Theorem 3.1 are satisfied and hence by Theorem 3.1, Thas a unique fixed point in X. Acknowledgement: The first author acknowledges TEQIP-II (sub comp. 1. 2 ) grant of JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, India for providing publication charges. References 1. A. Branciary, A fixed point theorem of Banach-Caccioppoli type on a class of generalized metric space, Publ. Math. Debrecen, (2000), (57), 1-2, 31." 212 W2807187732.pdf 9 "Initially, our research group established a protocol designed as a daily reduction in caloric intake in zebrafish. For this task, cohorts of both young and old fish raised in the zebrafish facility were moved to round glass aquaria ( Figure 1a and b). Fish were fed individually in 600 mL beakers during the weekdays ( Figure 1c and Table 2 ). On the weekend, fish were fed similar amounts of food in the housing aquaria. It should be noted that the animals were not housed continually in the beakers since zebrafish are highly social [ 83, 84 ], and continuous social isolation would increase their stress levels [ 85]. Since the effects of CR are thought to be modulated through the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway [ 86], we aimed to test whether we could mimic the effects of CR with rapamycin treatment, a TOR inhibitor. Rapamycin is a macrocyclic compound produced by bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus and approved for patient use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) [ 87]. The rapamycin group was treated daily with 100 nM rapamycin dissolved in DMSO. The fish in all treatment groups Figure 1. Aquaria set-up for CR and rapamycin treatment (a–d), and IF and rapamycin treatment (e) experiments.Zebrafish Aging Models and Possible Interventions http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.7555411" 213 W3004727452.pdf 24 "G. R. van der Werf et al.: Globalfire emissions 11731 References Achard, F., Eva, H. D., Mayaux, P., Stibig, H. 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C., Yevich, R., and Lo- gan, J. A.: Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burn- ing emissions constrained by satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 108, 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003. Ellicott, E., Vermote, E., Giglio, L., and Roberts, G.: Estimating biomass consumed from fire using MODIS FRE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, 1–5, doi:10.1029/2009GL038581, 2009. Fearnside, P. M.: Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: History, rates, and consequences, Conserv. Biol., 19, 680–688, 2005. Field, C. B., Randerson, J. T., and Malmstrom, C. M.: Global net primary production – combining ecology and remote sensins, Remote. Sens. Environ, 51, 74–88, 1995. Field,R.D.,vanderWerf,G.R.,andShen,S.S.P.: Humanampli- fication of drought-induced biomass burning in Indonesia since 1960, Natl. Geosci., 2, 185–188, doi:10.1038/NGEO443, 2009. French,N.H.F.,Goovaerts,P.,andKasischke,E.S.: Uncertaintyin estimatingcarbonemissionsfromborealforestfires,J.Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 109, D14S08, doi:10.1029/2003JD003635, 2004. Friedl, M. A., McIver, D. K., Hodges, J. C. F., Zhang, X. Y., Mu- choney, D., Strahler, A. H., Woodcock, C. E., Gopal, S., Schnei- der, A., Cooper, A., Baccini, A., Gao, F., and Schaaf, C.: Global land cover mapping from MODIS: algorithms and early results, Remote Sens. Environ., 83, 287–302, 2002. Galanter, M., Levy, H., and Carmichael, G. R.: Impacts of biomass burning on tropospheric CO, NO x, and O 3, J. Geophys. Res.- Atmos., 105, 6633–6653, 2000. Giglio, L., Descloitres, J., Justice, C. O., and Kaufman, Y. J.: An enhanced contextual fire detection algorithm for MODIS, Remote. Sens. Environ., 87, 273–282, doi:10.1016/S0034- 4257(03)00184-6, 2003a. Giglio, L., Kendall, J. D., and Mack, R.: A multi-year active fire dataset for the tropics derived from the TRMM VIRS, Int. J. Remote Sens., 24, 4505–4525, www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/11707/2010/ Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11707– 11735, 2010" 214 W4390344170.pdf 1 "533 ИЗВЕСТИЯ ВУЗОВ. ПРИКЛАДНАЯ ХИМИЯ И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ 2023 Том 13 N 4 PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES. APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023 Vol. 13 No. 4 https://vuzbiochemi.elpub.ru/jour Abstract. Extremophile organisms can survive under extreme conditions through tolerance mechanisms. Such organisms include lichens, which are symbiotic associations of fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria. Among other factors, the high stress tolerance of lichens can be attributed to their ability to synthesize a wide range of metabo - lites, including chemically diverse lipid compounds. Despite their obvious relevance, the biochemical mechanisms of stress tolerance in lichens that are mediated by changes in the lipid profile remain understudied. Peltigerous lichens constitute a separate division of lichens characterized by high growth rates and metabolic activity indices. Taking into account the temperate climate in which these lichens grow, it can be assumed that they may be highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations. These factors led to the choice of Peltigera canina, epigeic lichen, as the subject matter of this study. The present work examined stress-induced changes in the redox status of P. canina, as well as changes in its lipid composition at an elevated temperature (40 °С). The exposure of hydrated lichen thalli to an unfavorable temperature led to an increase in the level of hydrogen peroxide, phenoloxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation, which constitutes an important part of stress response in lichen. The stress-induced changes in the redox status of lichen thalli stimulated an increase in lipophilic antioxidant agents: a dramatic increase in the level of α-tocopherol and an increase in carotenoids, specifically β-carotene. Thus, the accumulation of lipophilic antioxidants constitutes an important part of the lipid-mediated stress response of P. canina to temperature elevation. Keywords: lichen, lipids, carotenoids, α-tocopherol, oxidative stress, temperature stress Funding. This work was partially performed within the framework of the state assignment of the FRC KazSC RAS (analysis of redox parameters), and with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 22-14- 00362 (J.N. Valitova, analysis of lipid composition). For citation: Valitova J.N., Khabibrakhmanova V.R., Guryanov O.P., Uvaeva V.L., Khairullina A.F., Rakhmatullina D.F., et al. Changes in the lipid composition of Peltigera canina at an elevated temperature. Izvestiya Vuzov. Prikladnaya Khimiya i Biotekhnologiya = Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology. 2023;13(4): 532-544. (In Russian). DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4- 532-544 . EDN: UISMLE . ВВЕДЕНИЕ Проблема стрессовой устойчивости живых орга - низмов является предметом пристального внимания ученых в течение многих лет. В связи с этим повышенный интерес исследователей вызывают экстремофилы – орга - низмы, способные выживать в экстремальных условиях посредством уникальных механизмов устойчивости. К таким организмам относятся и лишайники, которые представляют собой симбиотические ассоциации между грибами (микобионтами) и водорослями и/или циа - нобактериями (фотобионтами). Температурный стресс является достаточно обычным явлением для лишай - ников, произрастающих зачастую в неблагоприятных условиях. В настоящее время известно, что большинство лишайников в высушенном состоянии чрезвычайно устойчивы к высокотемпературному стрессу, тогда как гидратированные талломы обладают значительно большей чувствительностью к изменению температуры [1, 2]. Интересной группой лишайников являются лишайники порядка Пельтигеровые, широко распространенные по всему миру и произрастающие в умеренном климате. Данные лишайники являются обособленным отделом лишайников и относятся к отдельной ветви лишайникового сообщества. Известно, что они отличаются высокими темпами роста и активным редокс-метаболизмом [3]. В связи с этим можно предположить, что пельтигеровые лишайники продемонстрируют выраженную реакцию к действию неблагоприятных температур. Одним из известных представителей пельтигеровых является эпи - гейный двухкомпонентный цианолишайник Peltigera canina , который был выбран в качестве объекта наших исследований. Известно, что важной составляющей стрессового ответа живого организма на воздей - ствие абиотических стрессовых факторов является увеличение образования активных форм кислорода (АФК) [4] и развитие окислительного стресса, который сопровождается перекисным окислением липидов и повреждением клеточных мембран. В связи с этим актуально изучение стресс-индуцированных изме - нений в липидном профиле лишайников, в том числе в содержании липофильных соединений, обладающих антиоксидантными свойствами. В настоящее время биохимические механизмы стрессовой устойчивости лишайников, опосредованные изменениями липидного профиля, изучены недостаточно полно. Целью настоящей работы было изучение изменений липидного состава лишайника P. canina при действии повышенной темпе - ратуры. Понимание биохимических основ липид-опо - средованных стрессовых ответов лишайников поможет более углубленно и детально разобраться в механизмах стрессовой устойчивости экстремофилов. ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ЧАСТЬ Объектом исследования служили талломы лишайника P. canina , собранного на территории Республики Татарстан в мае 2023 года. После сбора и предва - рительной очистки талломы лишайника высушивали при комнатной температуре. Высушенный материал помещали в морозильную камеру (минус 20 °C) на хранение до использования в экспериментах. Стрессовая обработка лишайника Peltigera canina. Талломы лишайника, выложенные в один слой, гидрати - ровали в контейнерах на вискозных салфетках, увлаж - ненных дистиллированной водой, в течение двух суток при температуре 5 °С. Перед стрессовой обработкой контейнеры с гидратированными талломами оставляли на 2 ч при комнатной температуре, после чего их раскла - дывали по 1,0±0,1 г на диски фильтровальной бумаги, смоченной 1,5 мл дистиллированной воды, которые были уложены на чашки Петри. Для стрессовой обра - ботки чашки Петри с образцами закрывали, помещали в термостат ТСО-1/80 СПУ (Смоленское СКТБ СПУ, Россия) и оставляли при температуре 40 °C на 30 мин, 1 ч, 2 ч, 3 ч с целью изучения динамики образования" 215 W4385507956.pdf 8 "Andrian et al ., 2023 ID: 3863Rev. Multi. Saúde, v. 4, n. 364ROSENBERG, M. Society and the adolescent self image. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965 https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt183pjjh SANTOS , Marcela Savegnago dos et al. Implicações da mastectomia na autoestima da mulher. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde , Porto Velho, v . 29, jun 2019. SANTOS , Cintia Barcala de Oliveira; SIVIERO , Ivana Maria Passini Sodré; PIETRAFESA , Gisele Acerra Biondo . Sexualidade da mulher acometida com o câncer de mama. Revista Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde e Biológica , v. 4, n. 2, p. 15-25, 11 Nov 2020. STUNKARD, A. J. et al. Use of the danish adoption register for the study of obesity and thinness. In: KETY , S. et al. (Ed.). The genetics of neurological and psychiatric disorders. New York: Raven Press, p. 115-120, 1983. URBAN , Cicero et al. Cirurgia oncoplástica e reconstrutiva da mama: Reunião de Consenso da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastologia. Revista Brasileira de Mastologia , Rio de Janeiro, v. 25, n. 4, p. 118-24, 25 out 2015. VERENHITACH , Beatriz Daou et al. Câncer de mama e seus efeitos sobre a sexualidade: uma revisão sistemática sobre abordagem e tratamento. Femina, São Paulo, v. 42, n. 1, p. 3-10, jan/fev 2014." 216 W3214994968.pdf 5 " ISSN: 2790–0088 Journal of Biomedical and Sustainable Healthcare Applications 1( 1)(2021) 23 Scientific proof analysis adds to the pessimism, saying that ""health has a poor track history for embracing actually cutting technology."" What role might artificial intelligence play in this? Medicinal technology's main approach is to create linkages via trends depending on current information (datasets), and we can assume that the statistical technique existed at the heart of this procedure for a long period of time even before AI. However, utilizing three major scientific -statistical methods — the designed method, the databases technique, and the strategic decision method – AI might be much more successful in this area. They're all usable, but they're all better suitable for AI application in various ways. The ""Diagrammatical technique"" is based on the collection of known signs, which results in a historical record and a likely diagnosis by integrating signs into one image. The drawbacks of such a strategy are apparent. They are the need to enter a large amount of data on various symptoms, their features, combinations, related illnesses, and so on in order to get a reliable result. Furthermore, because of healthcare professional's intermediate function, such a strategy is restricted - the AI Algorithms can't ""query"" anything other than the data given by the clinical employee, and can't get any data about the specific patient – a 100 percent ""ma chines"" and predictable method. It may, nevertheless, be helpful in some situations, such as recording emergency procedures for clinicians to follow, individual questioning, or providing medical recommendations in the chemical re gion. The ""Data approach"" is centered on the personality, personal self, and in analytical principles. When AI has to understand how to detect interconnections and trends, it employs a set of techniques that are intended to determine how illness or mixes o f disorders, visual aspects, and other factors emerge. Such technologies are typically operational, for example, in the relevant problem of COVID -19 diagnoses based on coughed sounds. Although such information computing technologies have progressed, they c an be used in all situations due to a number of concerns, including elevated expenses and duration expended gathering and manufacturing huge datasets; difficulties comparing old and new information; cultural variations in gathered information; the potentia l of clinical exclusions in certain kinds of infections; and a lack of specifics and incapability to replace the responsibility of the doctors. Certainly, such a technique may be accomplished in practice, but the breadth of such deployment should not be ov erstated. The ""strategic decision technique"" is based on statistical methods for taking decisions under ambiguity, which include previous experiences, manifestation, probability, and consequences. Despite its simplicity, such a method has certain difficult ies about getting acceptable estimations of probability and benefits for a specific study. Whereas methods like sensitive assessment may assist to identify which possible errors are insignificant, a limitation of sufficient information frequently induces f alse approximations of the issue, lowering trust in the study' conclusion. For example, such a method may lead to a scenario in which many signs are mistaken for a singular illness (when they are really a composite resulting to one), or vise - versa. Furth ermore, the quantitative analytic depiction of the strategic decision procedure clearly varies from those of a genuine personal clinician, which may cause the patients to be confused. As a result, each method is appropriate, but not ubiquitous. Moreover, c onsidering the fairly lengthy history of AI, we must acknowledge that it is just the beginning for the technologies in overall and its application in medical in specific. ""While there are broad concerns about what is genuine in AI in medical presently,"" ba sed to new study, ""this analysis examined at 23 programs in use now and offers example reports of 14 programs that are currently being used. These examples show how AI may help individuals control their own treatment, as well as computerized symptoms detec tors and e -triage AI systems, digital assistants that can do jobs in clinics, and a prosthetic pancreatic to assist diabetic individuals."" According to predictions , there will be three major stages of AI in medical scalability: 1. A low technological applicat ion layer in which AI will help with administration chores that are repetitious. At this time, AI technologies will allow actual image AI application in ophthalmic and radiography, as well as reducing the associated burden (not the primary one) of clinical personnel at all stages. 2. AI-assisted residence healthcare stage, in which AI -assisted distant tracking and alarming visible guidance on the foundation of AI technologies will enable a shift in specialized health models towards distant surveillance and det ecting visible help. Furthermore, breakthroughs will be made in AI's application in cancer care, cardiothoracic, and neuroscience, where it is currently demonstrating its first aspects of deployment with wider digital supply chain configurations (by machin e learning, NLP, and accessibility) and organizational growth in conjunction with established innovations. 3. Medical studies and judgement support level, in which AI innovations will be integrated into clinical information systems and entrenched in every ste p of the care systems, from teaching and understanding the medical studies and diagnosis, as well as healthcare improvement and overall care assessment. As a result, we are still a long way from widespread AI adoption in medical, and now is the time to con sider what kinds of problems it may bring. Are we prepared to deal with them, and if not, what approach should we use to reduce the dangers? Moreover, the fundamental problem stems from the fact that we're talking about fundamental changes in medical, public health concerns, the clash among formal and informal concerns, values and ethical, innovation, and mankind. We have no plans to go extensively into every aspect of AI application in health, and it will be the focus of our future study. So, let's go to w ork on the research. V. DISCUSSION The deployment of machine -learning technologies and techniques, or intelligent systems, to replicate mental abilities in the assessment, display, and interpretation of complicated healthcare and health data is known as artificial intelligence in medicine. AI is the capacity of computational models to make educated guesses based only on data input. AI technology is distinguished from traditional healthcare solutions by its ability to take data, evaluate it, and offer a well -defined" 217 W2099065338.pdf 0 " _________ Alexa Smith-Osborne, Ph.D. is assistant professor of social work, University of Texas at Arlington. Support for the preparation of this article was given by a University of Te xas Arlington research enhancement grant and a grant from the Hogg Foundation for Mental Health. Copyright © 2012 Advances in Social Work Vol. 13 No. 1 (Spring 2012), 34-50 Supporting Resilience in the Academic Setting for Student Soldiers and Veterans as an Aspect of Community Reintegration: The Design of the Student Veteran Project Study Alexa M. Smith-Osborne Abstract: The Post 9/11 GI Bill is leading an in creasing proportion of wounded warriors to enter universities. This paper describes the design and development of an adapted supported education intervention for veterans. The intervention trial was one of two projects which grew out of a participatory action research process aimed at supporting reintegration of returning veterans into the civilian community. This intervention is being tested in a foundation-funded randomized controlled trial in a large southwestern university, with participation now extended to student-veterans at colleges around the country. Some protective mechanisms which w ere found in theory and in prior research were also supported in early results. SEd int ervention was associated with the protective mechanisms of support network density, hi gher mood, and resilience. Practitioners may benefit from the lessons learned in the development of this supported education intervention trial when considering implemen tation of this complementary intervention for veterans reintegrating into civilian life. Keywords: Veterans, resilience, supported educati on, psychiatric rehabilitation, GI Bill INTRODUCTION The Department of Defense (DoD) has initia ted innovative efforts to support mission readiness and prevent mental health problem s among troops in current conflicts. These efforts use two theoretical frameworks, r esilience and positive psyc hology, which show goodness of fit with military emphasis on pro active preparedness a nd adaptive fitness and training (e.g., Britt, Adler, & Bartone, 2001; Castro, 2008; Cornum, Matthews, & Seligman, 2011; Mojica, 2010; Office of the U.S. Army Surgeon General, 2003, 2008, 2009; Orsingher, Lopez, & Rinehart, 2008). Community institutions which serve military members and families, taking over educational, health, and social service delivery from DoD institutions when military service is done, may enhance continuity of car e and community reintegration by adopting service models consistent with these theore tical frameworks. Choice of theory has important implications for measurement (Luthar, 1993, Luthar & Cushing, 1999), goodness of fit of intervention with target group (Greene, 2007; Holter, Mowbray, Bellamy, MacFarlane, & Dukarski, 2004; Luth ar, Sawyer, & Brown, 2006), and fidelity of intervention implementation (Bond, Evan s, Salyers, Williams, & Kim, 2000; Borrelli et al., 2005). Academic settings are one impor tant community ins titution for returning service members, as pursuing higher education has been identified as a key goal for" 218 W100478810.pdf 7 "B. anthracis Infection and nonsurvivors of this newly described form of infec- tion. Although duration of symptoms and time to seeking hospital care did not differ between survivors and nonsur-vivors, the severity of illness did. Most survivors reported localized symptoms related to the injection site, and none required vasopressor therapy or mechanical ventilation. In contrast, most nonsurvivors had generalized symptoms and evidence of sepsis, which required both vasopressor support and mechanical ventilation. Nonsurvivors also had lower systolic blood pressures and Glasgow coma scores; higher respiratory rates; worsened base deficits; higher levels of hemoglobin (consistent with hemoconcentration) and C-reactive protein; higher international normalized ratio; and lower sodium and albumin levels and platelet counts. During hospitalization, all nonsurvivors required vasopressor and ICU support, whereas only 3 and 7 survi-vors, respectively, required these. SOFA scores were sub-stantially higher in nonsurvivors than survivors. Thus, as-sessing the need for aggressive cardiopulmonary support or determining a score like SOFA for patients with in-jectional anthrax can help identify those for whom prog-nosis is particularly poor and more aggressive therapy is needed.Possibly consistent with prior analysis showing an association between excessive alcohol use and risk for B. anthracis infection in PWID, we found a higher incidence of excessive alcohol use among nonsurvivors than survi-vors (6). Increased bilirubin and decreased albumin levels in nonsurvivors might in part have reflected preexisting alcoholic liver disease. Although age did not differ sig-nificantly between survivors and nonsurvivors, the latter tended to be older, a finding consistent with analysis of in-halational B. anthracis infection ( 14). Differences in outcome between survivors and non- survivors did not appear related to variation in treatment. All patients received antibacterial drugs from the time they sought care, and the types and numbers of antibacterial drugs administered did not differ. Also, the proportion of patients who had >1 surgeries and the time from admission to initial surgery did not differ. Finally, similar proportions of survivors and nonsurvivors received anthrax immune globulin, and the median time to treatment for these groups did not differ. The most common skin and limb findings were local - ized edema, pain, and erythema. Although these findings are consistent with soft tissue infection, their presence did Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 20, No. 9, September 2014 1459 Table 3. Initial administration of a ntibacterial drug s to persons who inject drug s and had Bacillus anthracis Infection, Scotland, UK, 2009 –2010* Patient no. † CLI CIP BPC FLUX MTZ CRO GEN VAN MEM TZP AMC AMX Survivor, n = 16‡ 14 (88) 12 (75) 11 (69) 11 (69) 8 (50) 1 (6) 0 2 (13) 1 (6) 0 1 (6) 0 1 + + – – + – – + – – – – 2 + – – + + – – – – – – – 3 – – + + – – – – – – + – 4 + + + + + – – – – – – – 5 + + + – + – – – – – – – 6 + + + – – – – – – – – – 7 + + + + + – – – – – – – 8 + + + + – – – – – – – – 9 + + + + + – – – – – – – 10 + + + + – – – – – – – – 11 – – – + – – – – – – – – 12 + + + + + – – – – – – – 13 + – – – – – – – + – – – 14 + + + + – – – – – – – – 15 + + + + + + – – – – – – 16 + + – – – – – + – – – – Nonsurvivor , n = 11 ‡ 7 (64) 6 (55) 5 (45) 5 (45) 6 (55) 4 (36) 3 (27) 1 (9) 1 (9) 1 (9) 0 1 (9) 1 – – – – + + – – – – – – 2 – – – – – + – – – – – – 3 + + + + + – + – – – – – 4 + + + + + – – – – – – – 5 – – – + – – – – – – – – 6 + + + + + – – – – – – – 7 + + + – – – – – – – – – 8 + – + + – – + – – – – – 9 + + – – + + + + + + – – 10 + + – – + + – – – – – – 11 – – – – – – – – – – – + Total , n = 27 21 (78) 18 (67) 16 (59) 16 (59) 14 (52) 5 (19) 3 (11) 3 (11) 2 (7) 1 (4) 1 (4) 1 (4) *CLI, clindamycin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; BPC, benzylpenicillin (penicillin G); FLUX, flucloxacillin; MTZ, metronidazole; CRO, ce ftriaxone; GEN, gentamicin ; VAN, vancomycin; MEM, meropenem; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam; AMC, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; AMX, amoxicillin; +, antibacterial drug administered; –, antibacterial drug not administered. †Patients for whom data were available are numbered in the order in which they sought care during the outbreak. ‡No. (%) patients receiving an antibacterial drug . " 219 W4232597083.pdf 0 "237 Bull World Health Organ 2020;98:237–238 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.030420News Q: You started out in electrical engineer - ing. How did you get from there to work- ing on artificial intelligence (AI)? A: It started with a fascination for computers. I still remember my first computer class. The teacher came to class dressed like a magician, with a pointed hat and a purple cape, and he said, ‘computing is like magic’ . I be- lieved it then and still do. I studied and graduated with degrees in computer science and electrical engineering, so I was trained in working with software and hardware as a whole system and in real-world applications. I think this system perspective has helped shape my research interests and directions throughout my career. Q: What was your first contact with artificial intelligence? A: I worked on a research project called “Murmur Clinic: An Auscultation Expert System” – the objective was to build a computer program that would diagnose the symptoms and sound patterns related to different heart con- ditions. It was really exciting to see the system predictions actually matching the diagnoses of the doctors! Q: What is the main focus of your re - search? A: Developing human-aware AI that is capable of dealing with real-life problems. Essentially, designing AI in- novations that work for, with and along- side humans. To do this, the AI needs to be able to make good decisions despite incomplete information, evolving condi- tions and limited resources. Q: Can you give some examples of AI ap - plications you have worked on? A: Specific applications include ef- fective management of coronary artery disease patients with stroke, follow-up strategies for colorectal cancer patients after surgery, interpretation of intensive care unit (ICU) data for decision sup- port, etc. A lot of my work has been on neurocognitive issues, with applications ranging from intelligent image-based diagnosis in strokes and brain injuries, diagnosis and staging for dementia, and personalized assistive care for older peo-ple with neurodegenerative disorders. Currently, I am also working on future research directions of biomedical and health informatics, and ethics and gov- ernance, and regulatory considerations for AI in health in general. “We [need] relevant regulatory and governance guidelines and protocols to enhance the benefits and minimize the potential harm of these technologies and systems.” Q: What are the main AI-related ethics, governance, and regulatory concerns? A: They cover a broad range of is- sues reflecting the extraordinarily broad application of AI in the contemporary health space. Just to focus on clinical application, AI supports diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis management through data analytics and predictive modelling for disease screening, stag-ing, progression and risk stratification, individualized treatment and care plans, optimization of workflow processes and cost-effectiveness analyses. AI is also es- sential in scientific discovery and experi- mentation, especially in drug discovery and clinical trials, as well as in disease modelling and surveillance, and health policy analysis and design. In all of these applications, digital health and AI brings tremendous ben- efits, but at the same time sometimes unexpected, and even harmful effects. As we learn more about the power and the limitations of digital health and AI in medicine, we need to catch up with improving the development and appli- cation approaches and processes. We also need to start establishing relevant regulatory and governance guidelines and protocols to enhance the benefits and minimize the potential harm of these technologies and systems. The main danger and the greatest harms are brought about by poorly de- signed, hastily developed, inadequately tested, and/or inappropriately used digi- tal and AI health systems. Unfortunately, we have heard many horror stories, which result from such situations. So much needs to be done to improve the design, development, implementation, use, and regulation of digital and AI health system applications.Tze-Yun Leong: the need for intelligent regulation Tze-Yun Leong talks to Gary Humphreys about the challenges faced in realizing the potential of digital health. Tze-Yun Leong is Director of AI Technology at AI Singapore, a national programme on Artificial Intelligence and Professor of Practice of Computer Science at the School of Computing, National University of Singapore. Author of over 150 international peer- reviewed publications on Artificial Intelligence (AI), she is currently focused on designing and operationalizing a series of multidisciplinary research, innovation, and education programmes that harness the power of AI to address the AI Grand Challenges – complex, national and global issues in health, education, and other domains. A member of the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Group on Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence in Health, she is also a Fellow of the American College of Medical Informatics, and a Founding Fellow of the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics. Tze-Yun received her Bachelor (1987), Master (1991) and Doctoral (1994) degrees in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the United States of America.Courtesy of Tze-Yun Leong Tze-Yun Leong " 220 W2803275897.pdf 6 "Prediction ofmortality using baseline, peak and delta-RSI Using univariate logistic regression models, wefound that longitudinal assessments ofRSI were informative, whereas baseline assessments were not. Mean delta-RSI scores were highly predictive ofmortality (non-survivors: 33.6±5.6, survivors: 5.6±33.6, p<0.0001), aswere peak RSIscores (non-survivors: 53.2±13.2, survivors: 18.9±17.6, p<0.0001) (Table 5).However, baseline RSIscores were notpredictive ofmortality (non-survivors: 19.6±8.8, survivors: 13.3 ±14.3, p=0.22). Adding RSI-CT scores tothelogistic regression models improved thepredic- tivepower ofdelta-RSI butnotpeak RSI(Table 6).Delta-RSI using only RSI-CXR scores had good discrimination (area under theROC curve: 0.92) butthisdiscrimination improved with theaddition ofRSI-CT scores (area under theROC curve: 0.97). Reliability ofRSI between readers Reliability between readers wasexcellent forallRSIscores (ICC: 0.99). Table 7shows thedis- tribution ofradiologic patterns inCTand CXR asscored byeach reader. Weincluded allTable 2.Baseline characteris tics by30-day survival status. Variable Survivor s(n=54) Non-Su rvivors (n=9) p-valuea Age (years, mean±SD) 52±15 59±14 0.17 Gender (%female) 27(50%) 1(11.1%) 0.04 Race(n,%U Non-Hisp anic White 39(72.2%) 8(88.9%) 1.00 Asian 4(7.4%) 1(11.1%) Black 5(9.3%) 0 Hispanic 5(9.3%) 0 Middle Eastern 1(1.9%) 0 dnrelyign CsaygCnanci (n,%U 0.10 Acute lymphocy ticleukemia 13(24%) 0(0.0%) Acute myelogen ousleukemia 14(26%) 7(77.8%) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 4(7.4%) 1(11.1%) Chronic myelogenous leukemia 7(13.0%) 0(0.0%) Myelodysp lastic syndrome 1(1.9%) 0(0.0%) Hodgkin's lymphoma 1(1.9%) 1(11.1%) Non-Hod gkin's lymphoma 8(14.8%) 0(0.0%) Multiple myeloma 3(5.6%) 0(0.0%) Ovarian cancer 2(3.7%) 0(0.0%) T-cell prolymphoc yticleukemia 1(1.9%) 0(0.0%) tanceluoaofuaoogseLTpRS(n,%Ub0.38 Active 14(25.9%) 1(11.1%) Remission 8(14.8%) 0(0.0%) Refractor y 20(37%) 4(44.4%) Relapse 12(22.2%) 4(44.4%) Cytotoxic chemothera pywithin 30Days (n,%) 34(64.2%) 6(75%) 0.70 Lower respiratory tract infection, LRI aFisher's exact testforcategori caldata and Student's t-test forcontinuous data bActive =undergoing initial treatment forcancer; remission =disease-free atthetime ofenrollme ntforatleast 6months; relapse =disease occurring after remission; refractory =notreceiving initial treatment forcancer and never having achieved remission. https://do i.org/10.1371/j ournal.pone .0197418.t002 Radiolog icprogression inpneumon iapredicts mortality PLOS ONE |https://doi.or g/10.137 1/journal.po ne.01974 18 May 17,2018 7/18" 221 W2322804645.pdf 0 "Ueber das Radialisphänomen.Von Dr. 1h. tioffa, städtischer Kinderarzt in Barmen.Die Prüfung der mechanischen Uebererregbarkeit der peripheri-schen Nerven zur Feststellung der kindlichen Tetanie(Spasmo- philie) erfolgt in der Praxis fast ausschließlich durch Bekiopten derStämme des N. facialis (Chvostek) und des N. peroneus (Lust).Esistbekannt und inder kinderarztlichcnLiteraturoft genug betont, daß die mechanische Uebererregbarkeit sämtliche Nerven-stämme der Peripherie betrifft, wenn auch nicht immer alle gleich-zeitig und in gleicher Stärke.Das Lustsche Peroneusphänomen hat sich darum so schnellin der kinderirztlichen Praxis eingeführt, weil es als Symptom derSpasmophilie entschieden konstanter istalsdasFazialisphänornen (Lust fand positives Peroneusphänomen bei Kindern mit manifesterTetanie oder kathodisçher Uebererregbarkeit in 97,4 0/o positiv, gegen-über 43,4 /o positivem Fazialisphänomen am gleichen Material) und weil seine Feststellung vom Verhalten des Kindes weit uiiabhängigeristals das Fazialisphänomen, dessen Beobachtung durch jede Be-wegung der mimischen Muskulatur gestört wird.Angaben über die Prüfung der mechanischen Erregbarkeit ananderen Nervenstämmen finden sich nur sehrspärlichund sind meist recht allgemein gehalten (vgl. die neueste ausführliche Mono-graphie von Asehenheim, Uebererregbarkeit im Kindesalter, mitbesonderer Berücksichtigung der kindlichen Tetanie (Erg. d. Inn. M.Bd. 17 1919).Nur Ibrahim erwähnt im Feershcn Lehrbuchder Kinderheilkunde (VI. Aufl. 1920 S. 488), daß er ,,öfter ein sehrdeutlichesRadialis- oder Peroneusphänonien auslösen konnte hei Beklopfen der betreffendenReizstellen am Oberarm und Fibula-köpfchen"".Ein schwerer Fall von Spasmophilie, den iCh im Jahr 1919 im Säuglingsheim beobachten konnte, gab Anlaß zur genaueren Er-forschung des Radial is ph än om ens. Dies Phänomen besteht, kurz gesagt, in folgender Erscheinung: Beklopfen des Stammes desNervus radialis an der Außenseite des Oberarms, und zwar an derUmschlagsstelle des Nerven, etwas unterhalb der Mitte des Ober-armes, löst eine blitzartige radiale Adduktion (Beugung) des Vorder.arms und Dorsalflexion der Hand aus. Bei höheren Graden von Uebererregbarkeit läßt sich diese Bewegung durch Beklopfen desOberarms von der Ansatzstelle des Deltamuskels an nach abwärtslängs des ganzen Sulcusradialis bzw. des Septum intermuscularelaterale bis zum Epicondylus lateralis des Oberarms hin auslösen.In den weniger hochgradigen Fällen bedarf es einer genauerenLokalisierung desReizesauf dieStelle, an welcher der Nervas radialis sich um die Außenkante des Oberarmknochens herumsclilägt.Man gibt dabei dem Arm des Kindes zweckmäßig eine Lagerungderart, daß der pronierte, im Ellenbogen leicht flektierte Vorder- arm auf dem linken Arm des Untersuchers oder auf einer passen-den Unterlage aufruht, ähnlich wie es Lust für den Unterschenkelbei Prüfung des Peroneusphänomens vorschreibt. Wichtig istes, den Klopfschlag gegen den Sulcus radialis bzw. das Septum inter.musculare laterale auszuführen und weder den Musc. biceps nochden Triceps oder den Muskelbauch des Brachioradialis zu beklopfen,da sonst Täuschungen durch vermehrte Muskele rregbark eiauftreten könnten, während es uns doch auf Erregbarkeitsprüfungdes Nervenstamines ankommt.Ueber die praktische Brauchbarkeit des Radialisphänoinens fürdieErkennung der Spasmophilie lehrenunsereErfahrungenan Säuglingen Folgendes.Im allgemeinen gehen Peroneus- und Ra-dialisphänoxnen durchaus parallel, invereinzeltenFällenfehlt das Radialisphänomen bei positivem Fazialis- und Peroneusphänomen, nurin 2 Fällen war Radialis + und Peroneus --. Bemerkenswert ist derWechsel der Erscheinungen im Verlauf einzelner Fälle: an manchenTagen wird das eine oder andere Phänomen negativ oder positiv;am konstantesten fanden wir das Peroneusphänomen, danach dasRadialisphänomen; dem stärksten Wechsel unterliegt das Fazialis. phänomen nach Tageszeiten wie Tagen. Wir prüfen jetzt grund-sätzlich in jedem Falle Chvostek, Radialis- und Peroneusphänomcn.Für die Erforschung der Spasmophilie scheint mir diese nur wenigzt!itraubende Erweiterting des Status jedenfalls zweckmäßig.Für den Wechsel der Erscheinungen nur ein Beispiel.Christel L.,1/2 Jahr alt.Manifeste Spasmophilie, Karpopedal-spasmen, Laryngospasmus, am 2ó. Xl. 1919 Fazialis wegen Schreiens nicht zu prüfen, Radjahs und Peroneus +, am 27. XI. 1919 Radtalisund Peroneus +, KOeZ bei 1,2 MA., am 28. Xl. 1919 Radialis undPeroneus -, Trousseau +, am 1. XII. 1919 Fazialis und Peroneus +, Radialis --, am 3. 12. 1919 Fazialis vorm. -, nachm. -j-, PeroneusundRadialis +,5. Xli. 1919alle3Phänomene +,.i. Xli. 1919Peroneus und untererFazialis-f,Radialis--,17. XII 1919 alle 3 Phänomene + 1. XII. 1919 Fazialis --, 23. XII. 1919 Fazialts -j-, Peroneus -, Radialis -.Bemerkenswert scheint mir das Verhalten der normalen ReflexebeiSpasmophilie.In mehreren Fällen hochgradiger spasmophilerUeberertegbarkeitfandenwir einSchwächerwerden desBaucl-decken- und Krernasterreflexes, in einem Falle auch Verschwindendes Patellarsehnen- und Achillesreflexes. Mit dem Rückgang derspasmophilen Uebererrcgbarkeit kamen die normalen Reflexe allmählichwieder zum Vorschein und verschwanden wieder bei erneutem An.stieg der tetanischen Uebererregbarkeit.Etwas Aehnliches beobachten wir ja bei den postdiphtlieri-sdhen Lähmungen (Gött, M. m. W . 1918 S. 669). Schon vor dem Auftreten der Lähmungen wird das Fazialisphänotnen positiv,die Sehnenreflexe verschwinden. ICh konnteinsämtlichen Fallenpostdiphtherischer Lähmung, die ichim letzten Jahr beobachtete, feststellen, daß mit dem Fazialisphänomen auch das LustsChe; Pero-neusphänomen und dasRadialisphänomenpositivwurdeh.Siebleiben auch positiv bei bestehender Lähmung und überdauern so-gar die Lähmungen geraume Zeit.Wir kommen damit zur Frage der Bewertung unserer Phänomenebei älteren Kindern.Ich bin mit 1K I ei n s e h m i d t (diese Wochen-schrift 1918 Nr. 43 S. 1017) der Ansicht, daß das Fazialisphänomeiiauch beim älterenKind pathologische Bedeutung besitzt, insofern es - abgesehen von den Fällen postinfektiöser Schädigung des Nervensystems - für eine angeborene funktionelle Minderwertig-keit des Nervensystems spricht. Ich sehe in dem positiven Fazialis- phänomen ein objektives Zeichen der kindlichen Neuropathie, undzwar vor allem auf Grund meiner über Jahre dauernden BeobaCh-tung sehr zahlreiCher Kinder in der Privatpraxis. Hier nun erweistsichdie Ergänzung der Beobachtung durch das Radialisphänomeiials von ganz besonderem Werte. Ich prüfe grundsätzlich bei jedemKínde meiner KlientelaufFazialis- und Radialisphiinomen ; dabeifand ich, daß im allgemeinen hei positivem Fauialisphänomcn auchdas Radialisphänomen auszulösen ist.In zahlreichen Fällen wurdeaber auch beiälteren Kindern (vom 3. Lebensjahr ab) der Stammdes N.radialis mechanisch übererregbar gefunden, hei negativemFazialisphänomen.Das Radialisphänomen beim älteren Kind gehtim allgemeinen parallel dein Peroneuspliäiionieii, seine Prüfung hatvor der des L u s t scheu Phänomens in der Sprechstunde den Vor-teil größerer Bequemlichkeit. Der Oberkörper des Kindes wird zurUntersuchung stetsentblößt, die Prüfung des Peroneusphänomenserfordert daneben Ablegen von Schuhen und Strümpfen. Das Gleichegiltfür Reihenuntersuchungen von Kindern hei Aussendung aufs Land und vor allem bei den Untersuchungen in den Schulen.Die Prüfung der Uebererregbarkeitphänomene solltehei den schuliirztlichcn Untersuchungen ganz besonders regelmäßig und sorg-fältig geschehen, sie sind als objektive Zeichen von größtem Wertfür die Beurteilung der Konstitution des Kindes. .Ein Vergleich zwischenFazialis-und Radialisphänomen beim älteren Kind ergibt ebenso wie beim Säugling clic größere Konstanzdes Radialisphänomens.Bei fortlaufender Beobachtung im Kinder-krankenhaus fanden wir häufig das Eazialisphänomen zu manchenTageszeiten-j-,zu anderen ; ebenso wechselte sein Auftretenan den einzelnen Tagen. Das Radíalispliänomen ist diesem Wechselkaum unterworfen.Hat man es einmal positiv gefunden, so bleibtes auch dauernd, wenn nicht durch therapeutische Eingriffe (Nar-kotika, Kalzium oder Brom) die Erregbarkeit vermindert wird.Die außerordentliche Häufigkeit der mechanischen Uebercrreg-barkeit beim älteren Kinde bei Fehlen allen sonstigen Erscheinungenvon Spasmophilie - die elektrische Ucbererregbarkeit fehlte min-destens bei einem grollen Teil unserer Krankenhausbeobachtungenverbietet es meiner Ansicht nach, diese Phänomene als Zeichen einerlatenten Spasmophilie zu deuten. Es würde das zu einer derartigen Verwässerung des Begriffes der Spasmophilie fuhren, daß von einemeingermaßen greifbaren Krankheitsbild keine Rede mehr sein könnte.DaßdasChvostekschewiedasRadialisphänomenauchbeim älteren Kinde jahreszeitliche Schwankungen zeigt, die etwa denen der Spasmophilie (kindliche Tetanie) entsprechen, braucht tins vondieser ablehnenden Auffassung nicht abzubringen; hat doch jüngsterst Moro darauf hingewiesen, daß auch andere krankhafte Zu-stände des Nervensystems, z. B. Psychosen, diesen klimatischen undmeteorologischen Einflüssen unterworfen sind.Mit zunehmender Uebung und Erfahrung lernt mari leicht dasRadialisphänomen je nach deni Ausfall der Reaktion einigermaßenquantitativ abzuschätzen, man bekommt damit einen immhin nichtganz unwichtigenBeitrag zur Konstitutiomisnote des betreffendenKindes.ist das Radmalisphänomen beim älteren Kind stark positiv,so wird man niemals sonstige Zeichen der neuropathisehen Kon-stitution vermissen.I 44 DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSC1-IRIFT Nr.41 Dieses Dokument wurde zum persönlichen Gebrauch heruntergeladen. Vervielfältigung nur mit Zustimmung des Verlages. " 222 W3016007823.pdf 5 "J. Clin. Med. 2020 ,9, 1048 6 of 11 Figure 2. The respective numbers of renal transplants (red line) and the Google TrendsTMindices (blue line) are given for the United Nations of Organ Sharing (UNOS), the Organizaci ón Nacional de Trasplantes (ONT), the Eurotransplant areas, and the UK National Register. Numbers of deceased and living donor transplants are indicated by light and dark red areas. While there was a marginal increase in the Google TrendsTMindex observed in Spain, the curves obtained from the UNOS, Eurotransplant areas, and the UK National Register mirror the worldwide trend." 223 W2147977287.pdf 6 "www.ccsenet.org/jas Journal of Agricu ltural Science V ol. 6, No. 12; 2014 113 Jabro, J. D., Sainju, L. I., Stevens, W. B., & Evans, R. G. (2008). Carbon dioxide flux as affected by tillage and irrigation in soil converted from perennial forages to annual crops. J. Environ. Manage., 88 , 1478-1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.012 Kanwar, R. S. (1989). Effect of Tillage Systems on the Variability of Soil Water Tensions and Soil Water Content. Trans. ASAE, 32 , 605-610. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31045 Keshavarzpour, F., & Rashidi, M. (2008). Effect of diff erent tillage methods on soil physical properties and crop yield of watermelon ( Citrullus vulgaris ). 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Twen ty-eight years of tillage effects on two soils in Ohio. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 57 , 506-512. http://dx.do i.org/10.2136/sssaj199 3.03615995005 700020034x Ogban, P. I., Ekanem, T. P., & Etim, E. A. (2001). Effect of mulching methods on soil properties and growth and yield of maize in Southeastern Nigeria. Trop. Agric., 78 , 82-89. Ogban, P. I., Ogunewe, W. N., Dike, R. I., Ajaelo, A. C., Ikeata, N. I., Achumba, U. E., & Nyong, E. E. (2008). Effect of tillage and mulching practices on so il properties and growth and yield of cowpea ( Vigna Unguiculata L.) in Southeastern Nigeria. J. Trop. Agri. Food, Envir. Exte., 7 , 118-128. Ozpiner, S., & Cay, A. (2005). Eff ects of minimum and conventional tillage systems on soil properties and yield of winter wheat in clay-loa m in the Canakkale region. Turk. J. Agric. Forest., 29 , 9-18. Prasad, R. (2014). 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Effect of different tillage systems on the performance of wheat: Extn Bull (pp. 121-22). CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. Shipitato, M. J., Dick, W. A., & Edwards, W. M. (2000). Conservation tillage and macrospore factors that affect water movement and the fate of chemicals. Soil Till. Res., 53 , 167-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(99)00104-X Sieling, K., Schroder, H., Finck, M., & Hanus, H. (1998). Yield, N uptake, and apparent N-use efficiency of winter wheat and winter barley gr own in different cropping systems. J. Agric. Sci., 131 , 375-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021859698005838 Talaat, A. M. (2009). Assessment of infiltration rate parameters for water management in reclaimed area. Res. J. Agri. and Bio. Sci., 5 , 223-234. Tessier, S., Peru, M., Dy ck, F. B., Zentner, R. P., & Campbell, C. A. (1990). Conservation tillage for spring wheat production in semi-arid Saskatchewan. Soil Till. Res., 18 , 73-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(90)90094-T Tripathi, S. C., & Chauhan, D. S. (2000). Evaluation of fertilizer and seed rate in wheat under different tillage" 224 W1984856979.pdf 4 "diabetes is far less expensive and has lower unit costs than treatment interventions for those conditions. Further, outpatient treatment is far less costly than inpatient treatment, so it is critical to have an effective referral system that directs patients to the proper facility [25]. Using China, an upper-middle income country, as an example, population-level primary prevention of diabetes- through media campaigns- costs well under one USD per capita per year. However, treatment of uncomplicated dia- betes costs nearly 1000USD and treatment of complicated diabetes costs nearly 2,500USD [26,27]. A costed NCD strategy is a starting place for deter- mining the scope and pace of scaling up NCD services in Uganda. There are many existing tools and sources of costing information [28]. Although it will take time for Uganda to develop a full array of costs for providing NCD services, the success of an NCD strategy will ultimately depend upon a local understanding of costs and benefits. Ministry of health financing for NCDs In 2006, The Ugandan Ministry of Health (MoH) estab- lished the Programme for the Prevention and Control of NCDs. This small unit is one of nine divisions within the Department of Community Health and is responsible for all national NCD-related activities. A separate division, Health Promotion, is actually responsible for promoting healthy lifestyle changes in the population. According to the Government of Uganda Ministry of Health Ministerial Policy Statement 2014/2015, the NCD Programme is allo- cated 0.01 percent of the total MoH budget, representing three percent of the Departmental budget, or approxi- mately 27,000USD per annum. The Programme budget iscurrently supplemented by a five-year grant from the World Diabetes Federation (WDF) that expires at the end of 2017 and that brings the total budget to approximately 270,000USD. For the current fiscal year, NCD Programme funding was increased to 25% of the total Departmental budget to allow for the completion of STEPS (Table 2) [un- published data, Government of Uganda Ministry of Health]. Current efforts to combat NCDs in Uganda Public sector NCD capacity An NCD needs assessment conducted in 2013 character- ized, for the first time in Uganda, the capacity of regional and general hospitals and high-level (Level IV) health centers to provide NCD-related services. It evaluated human resources, equipment, drug supply, and laboratory Figure 3 Trends in age-standardized incidence rates of selected cancers in males and females in Kampala, Uganda, 1991 –2006. (Adapted from Parkin [14]). Table 2 Ministry of health financing for NCDs [provided by personal communication: Ministry of Health Ministerial Policy Statement 2014/2015, the Republic of Uganda] Approximate budget (USD), 2014-15Percent of total MOH budget Ministry of Health 240,000,000 - Source: Government of Uganda20,000,000 8.3 Source: External financing 220,000,000 91.7 Department of Community Health902,000 0.37 Programme for the Prevention and Control of NCDs27,000*0.011 *The NCD Programme budget was increased from 3% (27,000USD) of Department of Community Health budget to 25% (250,000USD) for 2014 –15 to fund the STEPS survey.Schwartz et al. Globalization and Health 2014, 10:77 Page 5 of 9 http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/10/1/77" 225 W4200274990.pdf 0 " 2021 | International Journal of Education, Science, Technology and Engineering | Volume. 4 | Issue. 2 | 105-111 International Journal of Education, Science, Technology and Engineering p-ISSN: 2685-1458, e-ISSN: 2684-9844 Original Research Paper Development and Application of Nanoparticle Technology in Herbal Drug Formulation: A Review Roosma Hatmayana1, Syafira Nabillah1, Yuditha Mutia Windy1, Noval1 1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Sari Mulia University. Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Article History Received: 18.11.2021 Revised: 21.12.2021 Accepted: 27.12.2021 *Corresponding Author: Roosma Hatmayana Email: roosmayn@gmail.com This is an open access article, licensed under: CC–BY-SA Abstract: Formulations of Herbal medicine are continuously being developed to improve health and treatment through natural ingredients obtained from the surrounding environment with scientific evidence. Common problems in herbal medicine are bioavailability, solubility, absorption of active substances and low stability. Recently, it has become a development trend to enter the realm of nanoparticle technology to its application in herbal drug formulations. Nanoparticle technology is a technology of drug particles are made on the nanoscale (10 nm-1000 nm). Many studies have been carried out on the development and application of nanoparticle-based delivery technology containing natural ingredients, from these results nanoparticle- based delivery technology has succeeded in delivering these natural materials through certain mechanisms in increasing the activity and bioavailability of herbal medicinal compounds. Particles at the nanoparticle scale have distinctive physical properties compared to particles at a larger size, especially in increasing the amount and purpose of delivering drug compounds. Another advantage of nanoparticle technology is the potential to be combined with other technologies, thus opening up opportunities to produce more perfect and targeted delivery systems. Examples of nanotechnologies that can be used are polymer nanoparticles, solid lipid particles, magnetic nanoparticles, and others. The manufacture of preparations based on nanoparticle technology is an alternative in the manufacture of herbal medicines and it is hoped that the bioavailability and therapy produced in the body will be better. Keywords: Herbal Drug, Nanoparticle, Nano Technology." 226 W4213269958.pdf 6 "Appl. Sci. 2022 ,12, 2018 7 of 8 4. Conclusions In this paper, an analytical method for calculating the insertion loss of barriers on the ground was described. In line with the theory, the time-domain method for wedge diffraction proposed by Svensson et al. was combined with the classic image method for the analysis of sound propagation over a barrier on the ground. The accuracy of the proposed method was validated using the classic MacDonald method. Moreover, the proposed method has faster processing speed than the conventional MacDonald method. In addition, the proposed method can calculate the whole frequency range at the same time due to the nature of the time domain, while frequency-domain methods have to repeat the process point by point in the range of interest. However, the proposed method is currently restricted more by the fact that it does not allow for absorbent barriers and impedance ground. Thus, our future work will focus on an extension of our method to absorbent barriers and finite impedance ground. Moreover, predictions of a finite barrier or moving source effects would be interesting. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, J.G.; methodology, J.G.; software, J.G. and X.F.; validation, J.G.; formal analysis, J.G.; investigation, J.G.; resources, J.G. and Y.S.; data curation, J.G.; writing— original draft preparation, J.G.; writing—review and editing, J.G., X.F. and Y.S.; visualization, J.G.; supervision, X.F. and Y.S.; project administration, X.F. and Y.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research received no external funding. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Not applicable. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Pardo-Quiles, D.; Rodríguez, J.V .; Molina-García-Pardo, J.M.; Juan-Llácer, L. Traffic Noise Mitigation Using Single and Double Barrier Caps of Different Shapes for an Extended Frequency Range. Appl. Sci. 2020 ,10, 5746. [CrossRef] 2. Tang, S.K. Noise screening effects of balconies on a building facade. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2005 ,118, 213–221. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 3. Sommerfeld, A. Mathematische Theorie der Diffraction. Math. Ann. 1896 ,47, 317–374. [CrossRef] 4. Carslaw, H.S. Diffraction of Waves by a Wedge of any Angle. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 1920 ,2, 291–306. [CrossRef] 5. Macdonald, H.M. A Class of Diffraction Problems. Proc. Lond. 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Austrian Journal of Statistics , V olume 42, Num- ber 1, 21-31, 2013. [19] Renyi, Alfred. On Measures of Information and Entropy. Proceedings of the fourth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematics, Statistics and Probability , 1960. 547?-561, 1961. [20] R Development Core Team, A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foun- dation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria, 2011. [21] Trayer, V . N. Doklady Acad, Nauk, Belorus, U.S.S.R, 1964. [22] V oda, V . Gh. On the Inverse Rayleigh Random Variable, Pep. Statist. App. Res., JUSE , 19, 13-21, 1972. [23] Shaw, W. T., and Buckley, I. R. The Alchemy of Probability Distributions: Beyond Gram- Charlier Expansions, and a Skew-kurtotic Normal Distribution from a Rank Transmutation Map. arXiv preprint, arXiv:0901.0434, 2009." 228 W2122184087.pdf 1 "Supplementary Table S2: Details of riboprobes used in RNase protection assays abbreviation gene species accession number 5’ end 3’ end protected length(bp) µg of total RNA hybridised HIF-1α hypoxia inducible factor 1α human U22431 759 1017 240 40 HIF-2α hypoxia inducible factor 2α human U81984 2542 2762 210 40 VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor human M63971 2280 2502 140 40 Glut-1 glucose transporter 1 human K03195 1063 1198 136 30 CA-9 carbonic anhydrase 9 human Z54349 3631 3777 146 40 U6sn U6 small nuclear RNA human X01366 1 107 106 1 (1/10 loaded on gel) " 229 W3038482006.pdf 6 "Information 2020 ,11, 352 7 of 30 Such relocations brought about by lateral gene transfer contribute to a reduction of the endosymbiont genome and it facilitates an overall orchestration of functional unity to the benefit of the cell and the entire organism. Explaining such alterations simply cannot be reduced to a genetic (nuclear or organellar) level. On the contrary, any such genetic exchange between organelles and nuclei brings to light the existence of higher-level entities such as the cell whose variation is altered because of the repeated genetic exchanges. 3.1.3. Infective Heredity Upon infection, bacteriophages can take on a lysogenic (avirulent) phase that precedes the lytic (virulent) phase [ 68]. During the lytic phase, the phage uses the host metabolism to make more viral particles and it ends up destroying the host upon release. However, in their lysogenic phase, bacteriophages integrate into the host genome (a process known as lysogenization) at which point they are called prophages. As prophages, they act as symbionts, and the nature of the symbiosis can often be characterized as mutualistic. An example is the lambda phage that infects E. coli bacteria [ 97]. During its lysogenic phase, the phage’s DNA integrates into the bacterial genome of its E. coli host. In this condition, the phage finds shelter and protection from unfavorable environmental conditions, and the phage increases the genetic variation found in the host. It also increases metabolic and phenotypic variation of the E. coli bacterium, because some of the phage’s genes are active, resulting in the bacterium demonstrating phenotypic properties it cannot produce by itself. An example is resistance to serum killing (animal blood contains antibacterial antibodies), which is a trait induced by genes coming from the lambda prophage, portrayed by the E. coli bacterium, which enables it to survive inside the bloodstream of numerous animals [98,99]. Phage infection also contributes to the overall genetic variation of E. coli on a higher species level because, during division, the bacterial host passes on the integrated prophage genes to the next generation. This is also beneficial for lambda that, without any costs involved, is able to spread and increase in number each time lysogenic E. coli undergo division. A special case of variation is attributed to mobile genetic elements [ 14] such as transposons, retrotransposons and retroviruses. Transposons and retrotransposons are found in both pro- and eukaryotes, and, in the latter, they have been implicated in numerous cancers as well as autoimmunity and neurodegenerative diseases [ 100]. Transposons or “jumping genes” [ 101,102] are mobile genetic elements that mostly cut themselves from their original site on the genome to subsequently integrate at a di erent location. Retrotransposons move about by a copy and paste mechanism [ 103], and thus duplicate. When transposons integrate at a di erent location, they often alter or interrupt active genes and the metabolic pathways that these genes encode for. Rather than consider them as junk DNA, the inserted sequences are often sources of evolutionary innovation because they underlie novel metabolic features and phenotypic alterations (for a discussion, see [ 104]). Both transposons and retrotransposons thus alter existing variation, and they have the potential to introduce novel genetic interactions that in turn have the potential to introduce novel traits with phenotypic e ects. Other mobile genetic elements are endogenous retroviruses that have permanently integrated into the eukaryotic genome. As “gene delivery vectors” [ 105], they form an integrated part of the genome where they are passed on to future generations via sexual recombination, thereby contributing to the overall genetic variation of the species. 3.1.4. Hybridization Hybridization increases variation at a genetic, phenotypic, sub-species, and species level [ 86]. Most certainly common in plants, an extensive review written by Arnold, Brothers, and Hamlin [ 106] also demonstrates the occurrence of hybridization in the following mammals: marsupials, rabbits and hares, mice, rats, chipmunks, minks and polecats, polar and brown bears, Florida panthers," 230 W4309508320.pdf 11 "12 Vol:.(1234567890) Scientific Reports | (2022) 12:18510 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22631-0 www.nature.com/scientificreports/Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.A.B. Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/. © The Author(s) 2022" 231 W4392785623.pdf 0 "Review of: ""The Aesthetic of the Nakikibakang Loob: Kiri Dalena’s Militant and Transcendent Art"" Marivi Veliz 1 1 Wichita State University Potential competing interests: No potential competing interests to declare. The essay is well written and tied up. I truly enjoyed the reading. However, I have some comments: 1 . The translation of kapwa and loob should be provided in the abstract. 2 . First section heading should be “Social Realism and Bringing to Light the Darkest Depths of the Loob” The h in Depths is missing. 3 . In the first paragraph, there is a typo. “Levias” instead of Levinas. In this sentence, I think that some adjectives would help to contextualize the theoretical framework or the theorists. For example, French or poststructuralist philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, Filipino poet Albert Alejo, etc. 4 . Paragraph 4. The word ladrones should be replaced with ladrón 5 . Since social realism in Art History refers to a specific period and a style loaded by propaganda and didactic purposes, the use of the term should be explained further. What’s the artist's background? What has been said about her work, and what makes the author identify Dalena’s work with social realism? 6 . The ambivalence and fascinating contradiction between erasing the human (with no traces, according to the author) and the Other’s traces in Levinas terms could be explored. The author seems to argue that there is a level of connection that never disappears. Is it the power of the Loob? If so, it is full of traces. Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Review, February 2, 2024 Qeios ID: T2GV0A · https://doi.org/10.32388/T2GV0A 1 / 1" 232 W3123780265.pdf 0 "31doi: 10 .5937/SelSem2002031SSELEKCIJA I SEMENARSTVO, Vol . XXVI (2020) broj 2 IDENTIFIKACIJA POTOMSTAV A BEZ KUNITZ TRIPSIN INHIBITORA KOD UKRŠTANJA SOJE U PUNOM SRODSTVU Mirjana Srebrić1*, Dragan Kovačević1, Vesna Perić1 Izvod Kunitz tripsin inhibitor (KTI) je deo antihranljivog kompleksa prisutnog u zrnu soje . Zrno soje bez KTI može da se koristi u ishrani nepreživara bez prethodne termičke obrade . U cilju dobijanja linija soje sa smanjenim sadržajem anti-hranljivih materija u zrnu, na prvom mestu bez KTI, izvršeno je ukrštanje adaptiranog genotipa standardnog kvaliteta zrna (sorta Kador) sa genotipom bez KTI slabije adaptiranim na naše uslove gajenja (sorta Kunitz) . Dobijena je segregirajuća generacija iz koje su za novi ciklus ukrštanja odabrane tri najprinosnije F3 linije, hetereozigotne za prisustvo KTI . Realizovane su dve kombinacije ukrštanja u punom srodstvu (full-sib - FS) sa različitim brojem uspešno ukrštenih biljaka . Utvrđivanje prisustva KTI u po- tomstvima razvijenim iz odabranih linija poreklom iz ukrštanja Kunitz x Kador i njihovih kom- binacija FS ukrštanja, izvršeno je pomoću proteinskih markera na nativnom poliakrilamidnom gelu . Na osnovu elektroforegrama je uočeno da trake koje odgovaraju poziciji KTI nisu istog intenziteta . Analiza je rađena iz grupnog uzorka, tako da je moguće da se u uzorku nalaze zrna sa i bez KTI . Na elektroforegramu je identifikovano deset potomstava linija majki i pet potomstava FS ukrštanja bez trake koja odgovara poziciji KTI . Ukupno četiri potomstva sa prinosom zrna po biljci na nivou i boljim od prinosnijeg roditelja mogu se smatrati perspektivnim za dalji postupak odabiranja . Ključne reči : soja, ukrštanje u punom srodstvu, Kunitz tripsin inhibitor, proteinski markeri Originalni naučni rad (Original Scientific Paper) 1 Srebrić M, Kovačević D, Perić V , Institut za kukuruz „Zemun Polje“, Slobodana Bajića 1 ., Beograd-Zemun, Srbija * e-mail: msrebric@mrizp .rs Uvod Soja predstavlja jednu od najvažnijih gaje- nih biljnih vrsta zbog sadržaja pre svega kvali- tetnih proteina i ulja . Iako se najveće količine proizvedenog zrna soje u svetu koriste za ishra- nu domaćih životinja (sačme, pogače, griz), zrno soje se sve više koristi i za ljudsku ishranu (brašno, teksturirani belančevinasti koncen- trati sa 38-95% proteina) . U prehrambenoj, hemijskoj i farmaceutskoj industriji, zrno soje je značajna sirovina (Vratarić i Sudarić, 2008) . Osim korisnih sastojaka, zrno soje sadrži i kompleks antihraljivih supstaci (Mikić et al ., 2009) od kojih su najviše proučavane: tripsin inhibitori, hemaglutinin, saponin, goitrogeni faktori, alergeni, flatulenske supstance, lipok- sidaza, ureaza . Smatra se da su glavni antinu- tritvni faktori tripsin inhibitori i lektin (Bec- ker-Ritt et al ., 2004; Gu et al ., 2010) . Tripsin inhibitori (Kunitz i Bowman-Birk tripsin in- hibitor) spadaju u proteine i učestvuju sa oko 6% od ukupnih proteina u zrelom zrnu soje . Kunitz tripsin inhibitor (KTI) se smatra sup- stancom sa najjačim inhibirajućim delovanjem u zrelom zrnu soje (Watanabe et al ., 2018) . U sistemu za varenje monogastričnih živo- tinja i čoveka tripsin inhibitori blokiraju pro- teolitičke fermente i na taj način ometaju nor - malnu razgradnju molekula korisnih proteina (Kim et al ., 2010) . Blokiranje funkcije proteo- litičkih fermenata pouzrokuje hiperfunkciju a" 233 W4229372335.pdf 0 "IJAE Vol. 125, n. 1: 11- 17, 2021 © 2021 Firenze University Press http://www.fupress.com/ijaeITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY DOI: 10.36253/ijae-11871* Corresponding author. E-mail: guarna@unisi.itElongated styloid process: literature review and morphometric data on a collection of dried skulls Massimo Guarna*, Paola Lorenzoni, Nila Volpi, Margherita Aglianò Dipartimento di Scienze mediche, chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, Università degli studi di Siena, Siena, Italy Abstract The styloid process is a subtle process of variable length that originates from the petrous part of temporal bone . From the process originate three muscles: the stylopharyngeus,the styloglos- sus, the stylohyoideus and two ligaments :stylohyoid and stylomandibular . The styled process of the temporal bone has a variable length as demonstrated for studies conducted in three- dimensional computed tomography or dental panoramic three-dimensional scanning,and in dried skulls The normal length of the styloid process is particularly important to establish for the relations of closeness with vascular and nervous structures and their possible compression by an elongated styloid process.Several studies have focused on the effects of changes in length and course of the styloid process, highlighting the relations of the carotid artery and the glos- sopharyngeal nerve to explain cerebrovascular symptoms or Eagle’s syndrome characterized by neck pain and dysphagia .However the association for the abnormal length of styloid process and Eagle’s syndrome is not always present and many cases are asymptomatic. In the present study we propose a review of the studies performed with different in vivo radiological tech- niques and on dried skull collections on the normal and pathological length of the stiloyd pro- cess and on its association with the Eagle’s syndrome. We also present a morphometric study carried out in dried skulls of our museum collection.The results are discussed in light of the possible variations in the muscular and ligamentous structures consequent to the elongation of the styloid process. Keywords Elongated styloid process, Eagle’s syndrome. Introduction The styloid process (SP) is a subtle pointed process of variable length that origi- nates from the petrous portion of temporal bone and is localized anteriorly to the sty- lomastoid foramen. From the process originate three muscles: the stylopharyngeus,the styloglos- sus, the stylohyoideus and two ligaments :stylohyoid and stylomandibular . The SP projects inferiorly and anteriorly into the parapharyngeal space and it is in relation- ship with the internal carotid artery medially and with various encephalic nerves as glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal .The SP of the temporal bone has a variable length as demonstrated for studies conducted in: three-dimensional com- puted tomography (3dct) or dental panoramic three-dimensional scanning.Sökler" 234 W2889077465.pdf 7 "1.5. Agreement between observers SeeTable 15 . 2. Experimental design, materials and methods 2.1. Experimental setup The experimental procedure was approved by the Danish Animal Inspectorate (2013-15-2934- 00849). A total of 12 pigs were anesthetized using the same protocol as recently described [1,7]. During a period of 3 –4 min, four blunt traumas (area of impact Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4) were in flicted on the back along the right M. longissimus dorsi from the area just caudal to the scapula and to the lumbar region of each pig using a plastic tube (mass ¼0.047 kg, impact speed ¼47.4 m/s)or an iron bar (mass ¼0.4 kg, impact speed ¼19.7 m/s) The blunt traumas were in flicted using a mechanical device and procedure as described recently [1,7]. All pigs were kept anesthetized during the experiment and 4 pigs were euthanized every 2, 5 and 8 h after in fliction of trauma ( Fig. 1 ). 2.2. Histology From each of the areas of impact (Nos. 1 –4), 5 slices of skin and underlying muscle tissue were sampled from the center (B, n¼3), the dorsal end (A, n¼1) and the ventral end (C, n¼1) of the bruises. In addition, uninjured skin and muscle tissue were sampled from the right thigh of each pig and served as control tissue. For histology, the samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for up to 5 days [8]. Following fixation, tissue samples were processed through graded concentrations of ethanol and xylene [8]. Tissue sections were cut (4 –5mm) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin before all sections ( n¼240) were blinded and evaluated by a single observer [8]. In addition, 22% of the sections were selected randomly and evaluated by a second observer. In total, 9 histological parameters were assessed [1]. Neutrophils and macrophages were scored on a semiquantitative scale: (0) Absence of neutrophils or macrophages, respectively; (1) 1 –10 neu- trophils or macrophages, respectively; (2) 11 –30 neutrophils or macrophages, respectively; (3) 430 neutrophils or macrophages, respectively. The scoring was carried out in the dermis, subcutaneous fat tissue and muscle tissue in a single high power field at 400 fold magni fication in the area with the highest density of macrophages and neutrophils. In the dermis and muscle tissue, hemorrhage was registered as present or absent. In the subcutis, the density of hemorrhage was registered as the percentile area of extravasated erythrocytes in a low power field at 100 fold magni fication and scored either as (0) absent; (1) minor: o12.5%; (2) moderate: 12.5 –25%; (3) severe 425%. In the muscle tissue, the percentile area of necrosis was evaluated in the area with the highest density of necrotic muscle fibers and scored according to the following scale in a single low power field at 100 foldTable 15 Agreement (estimated as Cohen's kappa) between two observers evaluating nine histological parameters in 53 tissue sectionsof skin and muscle selected randomly from a total of 240 tissue sections from experimental bruises. Limits of 95% con fidence interval (Lower95 to Upper95) not including zero and a p-value for kappa below 0.05 means that there is some level of agreement between the two observers. The level of agreement was interpreted according to Altman 1991 [6]. Tissue Parameter Cohen's kappa Lower95 Upper95 Level of agreement p-value Dermis Neutrophils 0.65 0.51 0.80 Good o0.0001 Dermis Hemorrhage 0.46 0.19 0.73 Moderate 0.0006 Subcutaneous tissue Neutrophils 0.75 0.63 0.87 Good o0.0001 Subcutaneous tissue Macrophages 0.55 0.37 0.74 Moderate o0.0001 Subcutaneous tissue Hemorrhage 0.82 0.71 0.93 Very good o0.0001 Muscle tissue Necrosis 0.89 0.81 0.97 Very good o0.0001 Muscle tissue Neutrophils 0.90 0.83 0.97 Very good o0.0001 Muscle tissue Macrophages 0.84 0.74 0.93 Very good o0.0001 Muscle tissue Hemorrhage 0.84 0.70 0.99 Very good o0.0001K. Barington et al. / Data in Brief 20 (2018) 1166 –1176 1173" 235 W4312259627.pdf 1 " Copyright : @ 2021 Rosmiati Rosmiati1, Suryo Pratikwo 2, Arwani3, Mardi Hartono4, Tri Anonim5 THE EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION WITH AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA ON FAMILY KNOWLEDGE IN HANDLING FEVER SEIZURES IN CHILDREN Rosmiati1, Suryo Pratikwo 2, Arwani3, Mardi Hartono4, Tri Anonim5 1,2,3 ,4,5Pekalongan Nursing Study Program Polytechnic Health Ministry of Semarang , Indonesia *Corresponding author : rosmiatisaleh59@gmail.com ABSTRACT Background : The level of family knowledge can be the key in handling febrile seizures in children. One way that can be used to increase knowledge is by conducting health education using audiovisual media. Audiovisual media can provide a stimulus to the two human senses, namely sight and hearing. Health education th at is carried out in a structured and consistent manner can provide effective information for a person. Objective : This study aims to determine the effect of providing audiovisual -based health education to increase family knowledge in handling febrile sei zures in children. Method : This study aims to determine the effect of providing audiovisual -based health education to increase family knowledge in handling febrile seizures in children. This study used a quasi -experimental method with a control group. The control group was given an intervention in the form of traditional health education, while the intervention group was given an intervention in the form of education using audiovisual media. The sampling technique used total sampling by using all responden ts who met the criteria. Respondents were divided into two groups, namely the control group and the intervention group. Each group contains 20 respondents, namely families with children from 3 months to 5 years . Results : The results of this study showed a significant increase in knowledge in the intervention group. In addition, family skills in dealing with febrile seizures in children are also getting better.acquainted. Key words : Audi visual; Knowledge; Febrile convulsion ISSN : 2807 -9280 https://ejournal.poltekkes -smg.ac.id/ojs/index.php/LIK JLK Team" 236 W1590167984.pdf 0 "Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact book.department@intechopen.com Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.comOpen access books available Countries delivered to Contributors from top 500 universitiesInternational authors and editors Our authors are among th e most cited scientistsDownloadsWe are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 12.2%186,000 200M TOP 1% 1546,900" 237 W3090022343.pdf 7 "REINALDO R. ROSA DATA SCIENCE STRATEGIES FOR MULTIMESSENGER ASTRONOMY APPENDIX:BIGDATAINASTRONOMY The concept of epistemological paradigm indicates how the advancement of scientific knowledge has evolved over the history of civilization (Kuhn 1996, Tansley & Toole 2009). According to some important contemporary scientists, science in the 21stcentury is experiencing the shift to a fourth paradigm after a sequence of three: (i) science guided mostly by empirical experiments, (ii) science guided mostly by theory and (iii) science guided mostly by computer simulation. The fourth paradigm suggests that new and more important scientific discoveries are (and will be more and more) strongly conditioned by the intensive use of large volumes of data called Big Data (Kelleher & Tierney 2018). The science driven by big data is the 4thparadigm, interpreted today as Data Scienceby most of the productive and academic sectors. Manyauthorstrytodefine BigData fromthe so-called set of the four basic properties (4V): volume,velocity,varietyandvalue. Properties that are related to the production, transmission, storage, acquisition and analytical manipulation of digital information. In practice, the workfow velocity (in bytes per unit of time) is a veryimportant quantitative factor. In this way, big dataare large data sets that are generally heterogeneous in their variety and value and, therefore, demand great storage and processing power throughout their workflow. Nowadays, the main source of Big Data Workflows is the active network of electronic devices connected to the internet, named by KevinAshton,in1999,bythenameofthe Internet of Things or simply IoT(See Figure 2). In the context of IoT, the search for information or new knowledge, whether working with simulations, measurementsensorsoralreadypublisheddata, is based on large amounts of data that are, for the human brain, very difficult to store, manipulate, analyze and understand. It is in this context that data mining (mostly based on techniques from machine learning ) is one of the fundamental gears in the process of extracting information from big data. Astronomical observatories generate an impressive amount of data. For example, ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array), operating in Chile, adds about 2 TB of data to its files every day. And as we know, each generation of observatories is usually at least ten times more sensitive than the previous one, either because Figure2. Today, the data life cycle can follow the path defined by data science based entirely on cloud computing. The observer makes use of IoT devices to place their data in the cloud. The IoT is generating Big Data where your data is now inserted. A user can mine the data and extract knowledgedirectlyin thecloud.This knowledgecanservetogeneratenew data and thus boost the cycle. An Acad Bras Cienc (2021) 93(Suppl. 1) e20200861 8 | 9" 238 W2604241522.pdf 6 "Molecules 2017 ,22, 593 7 of 15 Table 4. Boltzmann population for rotamers of 3R. Compound E rel(Kcal/mol) % 3Ra 0.87 17.85 3Rb 1.64 4.87 3Rc 0 77.28 Molecules 2017 , 22, 593 7 of 15 Table 4. Boltzmann population for rotamers of 3R. Compound E rel(Kcal/mol) % 3Ra 0.87 17.85 3Rb 1.64 4.87 3Rc 0 77.28 Figure 8. Single rotamer for 4S. Table 5. Boltzmann population for rotamers of 4S. Compound E rel(Kcal/mol) % 4Sa 0 100.00 4Sb 6.65 0.00 4Sc 6.97 0.00 Figure 9. Single rotamer for 4R. Table 6. Boltzmann population for rotamers of 4R. Compound E rel(Kcal/mol) % 4Ra 0 99.99 4Rb 5.42 0.01 4Rc 9.19 0.00 A different behavior takes place in chromenone derivatives 5 (Figure 10, Table 7) and 6 (Figure 11, Table 8). Compound 5 exhibits two hydrogen bonds in al l calculated structures, the same already discussed before between one phenolic prot on with the carbonyl oxygen atom forming a six membered ring, and a different hydrogen bond between the other phenolic proton and the oxygen atom of the chromenone ring, fo rming a five membered ring. The 1H-NMR spectrum evidences these interactions by displaying chemical shifts of phenolic protons at δ = 5.05 and 11.34 for OH-5 and OH-10, respectively. The conformation of the hydr oxymethyl group here has a similar behavior to that described for compound 1, displaying a mixture of three conformers. The preferred rotamer Figure 8. Single rotamer for 4S. Table 5. Boltzmann population for rotamers of 4S. Compound E rel(Kcal/mol) % 4Sa 0 100.00 4Sb 6.65 0.00 4Sc 6.97 0.00 Molecules 2017 , 22, 593 7 of 15 Table 4. Boltzmann population for rotamers of 3R. Compound E rel(Kcal/mol) % 3Ra 0.87 17.85 3Rb 1.64 4.87 3Rc 0 77.28 Figure 8. Single rotamer for 4S. Table 5. Boltzmann population for rotamers of 4S. Compound E rel(Kcal/mol) % 4Sa 0 100.00 4Sb 6.65 0.00 4Sc 6.97 0.00 Figure 9. Single rotamer for 4R. Table 6. Boltzmann population for rotamers of 4R. Compound E rel(Kcal/mol) % 4Ra 0 99.99 4Rb 5.42 0.01 4Rc 9.19 0.00 A different behavior takes place in chromenone derivatives 5 (Figure 10, Table 7) and 6 (Figure 11, Table 8). Compound 5 exhibits two hydrogen bonds in al l calculated structures, the same already discussed before between one phenolic prot on with the carbonyl oxygen atom forming a six membered ring, and a different hydrogen bond between the other phenolic proton and the oxygen atom of the chromenone ring, fo rming a five membered ring. The 1H-NMR spectrum evidences these interactions by displaying chemical shifts of phenolic protons at δ = 5.05 and 11.34 for OH-5 and OH-10, respectively. The conformation of the hydr oxymethyl group here has a similar behavior to that described for compound 1, displaying a mixture of three conformers. The preferred rotamer Figure 9. Single rotamer for 4R. Table 6. Boltzmann population for rotamers of 4R. Compound E rel(Kcal/mol) % 4Ra 0 99.99 4Rb 5.42 0.01 4Rc 9.19 0.00 A different behavior takes place in chromenone derivatives 5(Figure 10, Table 7) and 6(Figure 11, Table 8). Compound 5exhibits two hydrogen bonds in all calculated structures, the same already discussed before between one phenolic proton with the carbonyl oxygen atom forming a six membered ring, and a different hydrogen bond between the other phenolic proton and the oxygen atom of the chromenone ring, forming a five membered ring. The1H-NMR spectrum evidences these interactions by displaying chemical shifts of phenolic protons at = 5.05 and 11.34 for OH-5 and OH-10, respectively." 239 W4242477029.pdf 0 "246 Testimonium Spiritus Sancti Internum. BY PROFESSOR THE REVEREND JAMES STALKER, D.D., ABERDEEN. EARLY in the war there was published in Paris a book by one Pescari, a grandson of M. Renan, the author of The Life of Jesus. It was introduced to the public by a preface from the pen of M. Bourget, who is, I fancy, among the’most eminent of living men of letters in France. And it had the honour of being crowned by the French Academy of Letters. Though issued as a romance, it was understood to contain, under a thin veil, a strongly autobiographical element. It did not deny that the author had been brought up in the sceptical principles of his grandfather, or that, in being launched on the society of literary Paris, he had lived with the freedom too common there. But, becoming a soldier, he was sent out to the part of North Africa in French occupation. Living there in enemy-country, he was disciplined in vigilance and unselfishness by having to consider continually the safety of the men under his charge. Being often on the borders of the Sahara, he acquired habits of meditation, whilst wandering forth from the camp into the safer portions of the surrounding desert. He had always been a reader; but now his reading took a more serious turn, and he became a student of the Bible. One text especially laid hold of his mind-the saying of the centurion who sent for Jesus to come and heal his servant-‘ For I also am a man set under authority, having under me soldiers: and I say unto one, Go, and he goeth ; and to another, Come, and he cometh; and to my servant, Do this, and he doeth it.’ Every action of his daily life threw light on this text, and the text, in turn, threw light on every aspect of the daily routine. It penetrated, however, by degrees far more deeply into his mind; because he seemed to see in it both what the Saviour had done for him and what he might do for the Saviour. When he returned to Paris, he lost no time in letting it be known that he had undergone a spiritual change; and, when his book was published, not only did it exhibit his favourite text on the title-page, but the name it bore was The Journey of the Centurion. At the outbreak of the war the author was in the camp at Cherbourg, and he was among the first to be sent to the front. But his careerterminated within a fortnight; for he fell in the battle of Rossignol. I In this incident there are many points of interest; but the one on which I wish to fix attention is the part played in it by a verse of Holy. Writ. In such spiritual crises it is no unusual thing for a Scripture text to discharge what Socrates would have called a maieutic office. Even where the mind may have been sceptical before, the im- pression of a divine evidence seems to sweep all doubts away, without the need of scientific inquiry. It is as if God ’had revealed Himself suddenly with irresistible and immediate testimony: and thenceforth He speaks not only in the particular text, but in His Word as a whole. This is what is called, in theology, the Testimonium S Sandi Internttm. This phrase has a sound of mystery; and it certainly belongs to that aspect of religion in which it is described as the secret of the Lord’; yet it ought not to be incapable of theological control. The object of the present article is to furnish a definition which will bring it within the range of theological science; and I will attempt it in the following form : When the Spirit of God isperforvi- ing any of His characteristic operations in the spirit of man, any text of scripture embodying the truth whicll ought then to be filling the mind is apt to come home with unique force and conviction. Let this definition be tested. by any of the characteristic works of the Holy Spirit. Of these our Lord Himself supplied a list when He said that the Spirit of Truth, when He came, would convince the world of sin, of righteousness, and of judgment. First, the conviction of sin. This it is the office of the Holy Spirit to produce, and He may do it through a great variety of means. For days or weeks or years the awakening of the conscience may have been becoming more and more intense. Now, when the mind is in this condition through the operation of the Holy Spirit, any text of Scripture, describing sin as God sees it and setting forth its guilt and punishment, is apt to come home with overwhelming power. ’ Of this we have a memorable instance in the " 240 W4224299041.pdf 15 "be seen from Figure 13 , the single step motion resolution of the actuator reaches 96 nm under the locking force of 1 N. Maintaining the voltage is 100 V p-p, the displacement characteristics under differ- ent locking forces are plotted, as shown in Figure 14 . It is obvious that the velocity is the fastest at the locking force of 1 N, the friction resistance is small at this time, so the backward motion is minimum. The load characteristics of the actuator is emerged in Figure 15 , as the locking force gradually increases, the maximum load of the actuator increases significantly. Within a certain adjustment range, the greater locking force can increase the friction driving force, which improves the load capacity of the actuator. It can be seen that the velocity decreases almost linearly with the load increases, and the maximum load mass of the actuator exceeds 330 g under 3 N locking force. The efficiency ηis usually introduced to evaluate the output capacity of the actuator, which can be calculated by η¼Pout Pin¼F/C2v Pin¼mg/C2v Pin/C2100% (23) Figure 13. The motion resolution under the locking force of 1 N. Figure 14. Displacement characteristics under different locking forces. 15Topology Optimization Methods for Flexure Hinge Type Piezoelectric Actuators DOI: http:/ /dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1 03983" 241 W4391133625.pdf 21 "Journal of Economics and Finance 1 3 In terms of policy, a first indication offered by the present research is that inter - ventions to ensure and consolidate the relations between vulnerable enterprises and banks could be designed. Indeed, establishing and maintaining interactions among these agents might ensure lower fluctuations in firms’ stability, especially those highly indebted. Moreover, our work suggests that restructuring processes oriented to a more concentrated banking system could benefit vulnerable firms. In this vein, the introduction of a recent reform (law 49/2016) about reinforcing and re-centralis- ing the cooperative banks’ system could represent a starting point for future evalua- tion of banking concentration and its effect on enterprises. Similarly, whether and to what extent our conclusions hold by using other firms’ financial stability and indebt- edness measures and employing Artificial Intelligence techniques are relevant topics for future research. Appendix Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 Tables 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13. Fig. 3 Marginal effect of LEV on ZSCORE as LEV changes" 242 W2967175311.pdf 2 "Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019 ,20, 4003 3 of 15 found for the first time in our study. The deletion was verified through PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing with specific primers rpl32_1F /rpl32_1R (Table S1). The special plastid genome structure of E. chlorandrum suggests that it is di erent from E. acuminatum . Figure 1. Gene map of the complete plastid genomes of E. wushanense and its closely related species. Genes drawn inside the circle are transcribed clockwise, whereas those outside are transcribed counterclockwise. The darker gray in the inner circle corresponds to the GC content, whereas the lighter gray corresponds to the AT content." 243 W4323356164.pdf 10 "Page 11/16Variable  Crude Odd Ratio Adjusted Odd Ratio   OR (95% CI) p-value AOR (95%CI) p-value Education level         At most Secondary 0.5 (0.271 – 0.899) 0.021 1.0 (0.470 – 2.245) 0.946 Graduate  1.0 (0.612 – 1.736) 0.909 1.0 (0.531 – 1.908) 0.985 Postgraduate (ref) - - - - Currently employed         Yes 2.2 (1.446 – 3.257) <0.001 0.6 (0.341 – 1.067) 0.083 No (ref) - -     When ANC Commenced         1 2.6 (0.343 – 20.199) 0.352 0.6 (0.069 – 4.863) 0.615 2 1.6 (0.203 – 12.028) 0.669 0.7 (0.088 – 6.125) 0.774 3 (ref) - - - - Husbands Education         At Most Secondary 0.4 (0.209 – 0.664) 0.001 2.1 (1.005 – 4.437) 0.048 Graduate  0.9 (0.632 – 1.550) 0.963 0.9 (0.529 – 1.613) 0.781 Postgraduate (ref) - -     Occupation         Professional  3.1 (1.694 – 5.589) <0.001 0.4 (0.219 – 0.794) 0.008 Sales and services 0.9 (0.459 – 1.876) 0.836 1.1 (0.558 – 2.321) 0.722 Other occupations (ref) - -     Age (years) 1.0 (0.996 – 1.080) 0.079 1.0 (0.950 – 1.059) 0.921 Adjusted with Age and Number of Children The reference category = Good knowledge of PE Discussion Pregnancy is one of the signi" 244 W3106656044.pdf 0 "diagnostics Article BCL2 Expression at Post-Induction and Complete Remission Impact Outcome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cristina Bilbao-Sieyro1,2,*, Carlos Rodr íguez-Medina1, Yanira Florido1, Ruth Stuckey1 , María Nieves S áez1, Santiago S ánchez-Sosa1 , Jesús Mar ía Gonz ález Mart ín3 , Guillermo Santana1, Elena Gonz ález-Pérez1, Nayl én Cruz-Cruz1, Rosa Fern ández4, Teresa Molero Labarta1,5and Mar ía Teresa Gomez-Casares1,5 1Molecular Biology Group, Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negr ín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; hematocritico@yahoo.es (C.R.-M.); floryyana@hotmail.com (Y.F.); rstuckey@funcanis.es (R.S.); marysnow@telefonica.net (M.N.S.); jsanchez@fciisc.es (S.S.-S.); gsansan.2@hotmail.com (G.S.); gpelena88@gmail.com (E.G.-P .); nelyan@hotmail.com (N.C.-C.); tmollab@gobiernodecanarias.org (T.M.L.); mgomcasf@gobiernodecanarias.org (M.T.G.-C.) 2Morphology Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain 3Unidad de Investigaci ón, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negr ín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; josu.estadistica@gmail.com 4Hematology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; rfermarc@hotmail.com 5Medical Science Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain *Correspondence: bilbaocristina@gmail.com; Tel.: +34-928-449420; Fax: +34-928-449827 Received: 15 October 2020; Accepted: 3 December 2020; Published: 4 December 2020 /gid00030/gid00035/gid00032/gid00030/gid00038/gid00001/gid00033/gid00042/gid00045 /gid00001 /gid00048/gid00043/gid00031/gid00028/gid00047/gid00032/gid00046 Abstract: Advances in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) genomics and targeted therapies include the recently approved BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax. The association between BCL2 expression and patient outcome was analyzed in a series of 176 consecutive AML patients at diagnosis (Dx), post-induction (PI), complete remission (CR) and relapse (RL). Levels increased significantly at relapse (mean 1.07 PI /0.96 CR vs. 2.17 RL, p=0.05/p=0.03). In multivariate analysis, high BCL2 -Dx were marginally associated with worse progression-free survival, while high PI levels or at CR had an independent negative impact on outcome (PI: HR 1.58, p=0.014; CR: HR 1.96, p=0.008). This behavior of high PI or CR BCL2 levels and increased risk was maintained in a homogeneous patient subgroup of age <70 and intermediate cytogenetic risk (PI: HR 2.44, p=0.037; CR: HR 2.71, p=0.049). Finally, for this subgroup, high BCL2 at relapse indicated worse overall survival (OS, HR 1.15, p=0.05). In conclusion, high BCL2 levels PI or at CR had an independent negative impact on patient outcome. Therefore, BCL2 expression is a dynamic marker that may be useful during AML patient follow up, andBCL2 levels at PI and /or CR may influence response to anti-BCL2 therapy. Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia; BCL2 inhibitors; biomarkers; patient outcome; induction therapy; molecular diagnostics 1. Introduction Advances in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) genomics have revealed the broad biological heterogeneity of the disease, leading to new risk stratifications in the pathology and the incorporation of targeted therapies for a more personalized management [ 1–3]. Despite this progress in the understanding Diagnostics 2020 ,10, 1048; doi:10.3390 /diagnostics10121048 www.mdpi.com /journal /diagnostics" 245 W2155940586.pdf 2 "Ladouceur Cognitive-affective interactions in adolescence positively valenced stimuli; such an effect was not present in the groups with affective disorders ( Ladouceur et al., 2005 ). Recent neuroimaging studies using cognitive-affective tasks with fMRIin youth with anxiety and mood disorders have reported alter- ations in the functioning of VLPFC and amygdala, suggesting that VLPFC modulation of amygdala may contribute to affectivebiases reported in these clinical populations ( Monk et al., 2008; Pavuluri et al., 2008 ). Together, these findings suggest that using cognitive-affective tasks such as the emotional working mem-ory paradigm enables researchers to investigate the development of attentional control processes (implicated in resisting interfer- ence from emotionally salient distracters) and examine to whatextent the development of the neural systems that support these processes may be altered in youth at risk for or diagnosed with affective disorders. Some researchers have also examined the influence of incen- tives on cognitive processes. For instance, using an emotional antisaccade task, Geier and colleagues reported differences inperformance and associated neural activation in fronto-striatal regions in adolescents relative to adults ( Geier et al., 2010 ). An antisaccade is an eye movement to the opposite direction of asuddenly appearing target. This movement requires inhibiting a prepotent response to the target, and the initiation of an alter- nate goal-relevant response in the opposite direction signaled bythe sudden onset of the stimulus. Geier and colleagues examined the effects of reward on antisaccades, during the cue stage, sac- cade preparation stage, and saccade execution stage. In order toassess neural responses across these three stages, a time-course analysis over 18 s post-trial onset was employed. They reported greater ventral striatum activity to the saccade preparation in ado-lescents than adults but during the incentive cue, it was recruited more strongly in adults than adolescents; there were no group differences in the saccade execution stage. Neural regions com-monly recruited during antisaccade were generally less activated in adolescents than adults in response to neutral trials and showed no age-group differences to reward trials. Interestingly, how- ever, this study demonstrated that adolescents tended to exhibit greater recruitment of reward circuitry during saccade prepara-tion to incentive trials. These fi ndings are consistent with those of another recent study in which adolescents exhibited greater activation in reward circuitry and prefrontal regions than adultson a continuous performance task (CPT) ( Smith et al., 2011 ). In this study, Smith and colleagues compared, in adolescents relative to adults, behavioral performance and neural activity on threetypes of trials (non-targets, rewarded targets, and on-rewarded targets) of CPT. Findings from behavioral data analyzes revealed that adolescents responded significantly faster to rewarded vs.non-rewarded targets whereas no such differences were observed in adults. These behavioral findings suggest that being rewarded had significant impact on sustained attention in adolescents thanadults. Moreover, findings from fMRI analyses revealed a sig- nificant positive correlation between age and neural activity to rewarded (vs. non-rewarded) targets in neural regions implicatedin sustained attention (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ven- tromedial orbital frontal cortex), suggesting that age modulated the effects of reward on activity in neural regions implicated insustained attention.In sum, these findings suggest that cognitive control may be more challenged in the face of emotionally salient or incentive- laden distracters in adolescents relative to adults. We acknowledgethat our review of cognitive-affective findings in adolescence was not exhaustive. The purpose was not to provide an exhaustive lit- erature review since this has been accomplished elsewhere (e.g.,Mueller, 2011 ). Rather the aim was to provide some examples of research findings demonstrating that the influence of emotionally salient information on the functioning of neural systems sup-porting cognitive processes including cognitive control undergo important neuro-maturational changes in adolescence. In this review, I will demonstrate that the onset of puberty is associ-ated with increased reactivity to emotionally salient information in ways that create challenges for cognitive control systems. Furthermore, these pubertal influences on fronto-limbic systemsmay be associated with reduced modulation of attention in the context of emotional distracters and increased vulnerability to emotion dysregulation. Such a framework complements existingneurobiological models of adolescent brain development ( Casey et al., 2010; Ernst et al., 2011 ) but attempts to move beyond age- related effects to focus more specifically on neurodevelopmentalchanges occurring at puberty and how such changes may help explain increases in the escalating rates of adolescent death and disability related to problems of emotion regulation (e.g., mooddisorders, suicide, accidents, etc.). WHAT DEVELOPMENTAL FACTORS MIGHT INFLUENCE COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE PROCESSES? RISE IN SEX HORMONES DURING PUBERTY Puberty refers to a specific set of processes implicating changes in physical and reproductive maturation. Although the majority of these changes occur early to mid-adolescence, as described below, some (e.g., adrenarche and luteinizing hormone secretion), how-ever, can start in childhood. As such, puberty is often considered as the beginning of adolescence, a developmental period between childhood and adulthood that encompasses changes at multiple levels. This transitional developmental period not only implicates changes associated with pubertal maturation but also changesin physical growth, psychological functioning, and social expe- riences ( Dahl and Spear, 2004; Dorn et al., 2006 ). Puberty includes important changes in the functioning of the neuroendocrine system (for a review, see Dorn et al., 2006; Natsuaki et al., 2009; Blakemore et al., 2010 ). The earliest phase of puberty or “prepuberty,” which begins between 6–9 yearsold in girls and about 1 year later in boys ( Cutler et al., 1990; Parker, 1991 ), involves the rising of androgens that are secreted by the adrenal glands. These include dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA), its sulfate (DHEAS), and androstendione ( Grumbach and Styne, 2003 ). The rising of these hormones refers to what is known as the beginning of adrenarche . The maturation of pri- mary sexual characteristics (i.e., ovaries and testes) and the full development of secondary sexual characteristics (i.e., pubic hair, breast, and genital development) is associated with the activa-tion of the hypo-thalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis ( Demir et al., 1996; Delemarre-Van De Waal, 2002 ). The rising of these sexual hormones represents a second phase of puberty knownasgonadarche , which begins at about 9–10 years old in girls and Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience www.frontiersin.org August 2012 | Volume 6 | Article 65 |3" 246 W2169736932.pdf 12 "R. Velmurugan et al / Modal analysis of pre and post impacted nano composite laminates 21 Figure 15 Post impact damping factors for eight layer laminate subjected to 35 m/s. nano clay and the clay has participated in the load sharing. Figure 19 shows fracture surface of epoxy-glass fiber with 5% clay when subjected to 85 m/s. Complete brittle failure of both fiber and matrix is observed. This is due to the aggolerimation of clay particles leading to weak bonding between the matrix and clay. Figure 16 SEM of fracture surface of 3 layer laminate without clay subjected to 85 m/s. Figure 17 SEM of fracture surface of 3 layer laminate with 1% clay subjected to 85 m/s. 3.3 Comparision of frequency and damping factor for pre and post impacted laminates The experimental natural frequencies for pre and post impacted laminates are compared and the results for Mode I of three layer laminates are shown in Fig.20. In mode I, the natural frequency of laminate without clay, after 82 m/s velocity of impact, is 11.6% less compared to pre impacted specimens. In mode V the natural frequency is about 19% less when compared Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 8(2011) 9 – 26" 247 W4393236140.pdf 6 "Page 7/29growth, 4 × 10^6 CWR22Rv1 cells (sgControl, sgPLXND1#1, or sgPLXND1#2) were combined in a 1:1 ratio with Matrigel (Corning) for bilateral subcutaneous injection into NSG mice. Tumor size was measured every 3–4 days with calipers, and tumor volume was calculated as width^2 × length × 0.52, starting one week after tumor inoculation. For organoid culture, PDX tumor tissues were collected and cut into 2–4 mm3. Tumors were digested using collagenase IV (STEMCELL) and incubated at 37°C for 30 min until tumor cells were dispersed. Advanced DMEM (ADMEM) medium supplemented with 1× GlutaMAX (Gibco), 1M HEPES (Gibco), 100 u/ml penicillin, and 0.1 mg/ml streptomycin was added to the cell suspension and then " 248 W2777697578.pdf 3 "Technology Innovation Management (TIM; timprogram.ca) is an international master's level program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. It leads to a Master of Applied Science (M.A.Sc.) degree, a Master of Engineering (M.Eng.) degree, or a Master of Entrepreneurship (M.Ent.) degree. The objective of this program is to train aspiring entrepreneurs on creating wealth at the early stages of company or opportunity lifecycles. • The TIM Review is published in association with and receives partial funding from the TIM program.Academic Affiliations and Funding Acknowledgements The Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario (FedDev Ontario; feddevontario.gc.ca) is part of the Innovation, Science and Economic Development portfolio and one of six regional development agencies, each of which helps to address key economic challenges by providing regionally- tailored programs, services, knowledge and expertise. • The TIM Review receives partial funding from FedDev Ontario's Investing in Regional Diversification initiative.timreview.ca Technology Innovation Management Review" 249 W4309957174.pdf 5 "B. Simulation Setup We adopt the simulation setup for coverage extension de- picted in [14, Fig. 1] with the following default values for the parameters [5], [13], [14]. The BS has a 4×4 = 16 UPA whose center is at [30, 0, 10] m. The RIS is a UPA whose center is at [0, 50, 5] m which consists of Ny×Nzsquare tiles along the y- and z-axes, respectively. The element spacing of the UPAs at both BS and RIS is half wavelength. The UEs have a single antenna and their positions are randomly generated on a 8m×8m square area with center [10, 50, 1] m. The noise variance is computed as σ2 n=WN 0Nfwith N0=−174 dBm/Hz, W= 20 MHz, and Nf= 6 dB. We assume 5GHz carrier frequency, β=−46dB at d0= 1 m, andγthr= 10 . Moreover, we adopt η= (3.5, 2, 2.8) and K= (0, 10, 1) for the BS-UE, BS-RIS, and RIS-UE channels, respectively. Except for the i.i.d Rayleigh fading model, LOS is assumed for the BS-RIS and RIS-UE links. For each channel, we generate L= 5 clusters and R= 20 subpaths (i.e., 100 channel paths for each link or 100×(2NUE+ 1) paths in total). The clusters for the BS-UE, BS-RIS, and RIS-UE channels are randomly generated in volumes Vs= {(x,y,z)|x∈[0, 40] m,y∈[0, 60] m,z∈[0, 10] m}, {(x,y,z)|x∈[0, 40] m,y∈[0, 50] m,z∈[0, 10] m}, and {(x,y,z)|x∈[0, 40] m,y∈[40, 60] m,z∈[0, 10] m}, respec- tively. The paths within each cluster are generated in a cube of volume 23m3. The simulation results are averaged over 1000 independent realizations of the channels and UE positions. C. Simulation Results Figs. 1 and 2 show the required BS transmit power Ptx vs. the number of RIS elements QforNUE= 2 when the algorithms in [5] and Algorithm 1 are adopted, respectively. Due to the high complexity of the algorithm in [5], only up to Q= 128 RIS elements are considered. Moreover, although a large pathloss exponent is assumed for the BS-UE link, extensive simulation experiments have revealed that the impact of the considered RIS is negligible unless the BS-UE link is further attenuated due to, e.g., a blockage. Therefore, we consider a weak BS-UE link with ¯hBL=−40dB. For this setup, Fig. 1 shows that the required BS transmit power is significantly lower for i.i.d. Rayleigh fading than the other models. For half-wavelength element spacing, the performance of i.i.d. Rician and correlated fading is similar which is due to the small correlation of the channel coefficients in this case. Interestingly, while Fig. 1 shows that the algorithm in [5] yields the largest transmit power for the geometric fading models1, Fig. 2 reveals that the proposed Algorithm 1 requires a much smaller transmit power for the geometric fading models despite its lower computational complexity compared to the algorithm in [5]. This is due to the fact that the Algorithm 1 explicitly exploits the ray propagation structure of the underlying channel, i.e., the reflection codebook enables reflection in the desired directions by each tile and the phase wavefront codebook controls the constructive or destructive superposition of the waves reflected by all tiles. The results obtained with the proposed Algorithm 1 for large RIS (i.e., Q≥128) are reported in Fig. 3. In addition, for 1The amplitude taper in (16) can be potentially incorporated into some of the other channel models, too. Therefore, for a fair comparison, we only include the impact of wavefront curvature in (16) for the reported simulations.comparison, we show the results for two baselines without the RIS, namely obstructed and unobstructed BS-UE links. This figure suggests that even for the considered relatively rich scattering channel with overall 500paths, several thousands of RIS elements are required to generate a link that is as strong as the unobstructed BS-UE link. Fig. 4 shows the BS transmit power Ptxvs. the number of UEs NUEforQ= 1024 and Algorithm 1. This figure reveals that compared to i.i.d. Rayleigh fading, a much smaller transmit power is required for the other considered channel models when a single user is assumed. This is mainly due to the strong LOS component assumed for the BS-RIS channel which is missing in the i.i.d. Rayleigh model. However, the required transmit power significantly increases for multiple users, since in this case, the weak non-LOS components of the BS-RIS channel has to be used to convey information. Furthermore, the models based on isotropic scattering predict a moderate increase of PtxasNUEincreases whereas the geometric channel models suggest a significant increase in the required Ptxdue to the limited number of resolvable channel paths. V. C ONCLUSIONS In this paper, we have reviewed five channel models that were chosen to progressively improve the modeling accuracy for large RISs. Our simulation experiments for these channel models have revealed important insights for system design. For instance, while for most scenarios, an idealistic rich scattering environment yields a higher system performance, the pro- posed RIS configuration algorithm is able to achieve a higher performance in the finite scattering case for large RISs by explicitly exploiting the underlying geometric characteristics of wave propagation. Moreover, our results have shown that in realistic channel conditions, an extremely large RIS is required to approach the performance of an unobstructed direct link. Furthermore, in a channel with finite scattering objects, the number of UEs that can be simultaneously served by one RIS is quite limited. APPENDIX A PROOF OF LEMMA 1 Under Assumptions A1 and A2, the distribution of each entry of HnLOSapproaches a Gaussian distribution as L→ ∞ following the central limit theorem [11]. A matrix Gaussian distribution, MCN (M,αU,βV), is defined three parameters: M≜E HnLOS ,U≜E (HnLOS−M)(HnLOS−M)H , andV≜E (HnLOS−M)H(HnLOS−M) , where ar- bitrary non-negative scalars αandβare chosen such that αβ= 1/E{∥HnLOS−M∥2 F}[11]. First, we have mean matrix M=0, since E{c(ℓ)}= 0,∀ℓ. The second-order moment matrix Ucan be computed as follows U≜E HnLOS(HnLOS)H (a)=1 LLX ℓ=1E c(ℓ)(c(ℓ))∗ ×En arx(Ψ(ℓ) rx)aH tx(Ψ(ℓ) tx)atx(Ψ(ℓ) tx)aH rx(Ψ(ℓ) rx)o =σ2 c LLX ℓ=1En aH tx(Ψ(ℓ) tx)atx(Ψ(ℓ) tx)o En arx(Ψ(ℓ) rx)aH rx(Ψ(ℓ) rx)o" 250 W4395668730.pdf 4 "Minerals 2024 ,14, 454 5 of 9 acid, which potentially alters the carbon isotopic compositions of study samples. Further, given that digesting speleothem carbonate by using orthophosphoric acid is a priority step before oxidizing DOC in speleothem, the same results from this conditional experiment suggest that the digestion reaction itself would not affect the δ13CDOC of the study samples. Minerals 2024 , 14, 454 5 of 9 orthophosphoric acid with an average value of −26.6‰ are equivalent to those of samples without orthophosphoric acid solution (Figure 2), indicating the e ffects of adding acid can be neglected. It also rules out the possibility of contamination from DOC in orthophos- phoric acid, which potentially alters the carbon isotopic compositions of study samples. Further, given that digesting speleothem ca rbonate by using orthophosphoric acid is a priority step before oxidizing DOC in speleo them, the same results from this conditional experiment suggest that the digestion reaction itself would not a ffect the δ 13CDOC of the study samples. Figure 2. The δ13CDOC results from a comparison between samples with and without orthophos- phoric acid. The green and blue dashed lines re present the average values of without and with orthophosphoric acid, respectively. On account of speleothem, carbonate subsam ples need to be completely digested, and hence, enough reaction time is essential. Generally, according to di fferent concentra- tions of DOC in various speleothems, 100–500 mg of carbonate should be prepared so that enough gas CO 2 reaches the limitation for detecting δ13CDOC [9,15]. Previous tests sug- gested a digestion time of 48 h is generally en ough [15], therefore we set 0, 48 h, and 72 h (digestion time occasionally may exceed 48 h) to inspect whether the digestion time a ffects the δ13CDOC of study samples. The results show that there is a good consistency between 0, 48, and 72 h (Figure 3), indicating that digestion time does not obviously a ffect the δ13CDOC, and the solution still preserves the imprint of the original materials. Figure 2. The δ13CDOC results from a comparison between samples with and without orthophos- phoric acid. The green and blue dashed lines represent the average values of without and with orthophosphoric acid, respectively. On account of speleothem, carbonate subsamples need to be completely digested, and hence, enough reaction time is essential. Generally, according to different concentrations of DOC in various speleothems, 100–500 mg of carbonate should be prepared so that enough gas CO 2reaches the limitation for detecting δ13CDOC [9,15]. Previous tests suggested a digestion time of 48 h is generally enough [ 15], therefore we set 0, 48 h, and 72 h (digestion time occasionally may exceed 48 h) to inspect whether the digestion time affects the δ13CDOC of study samples. The results show that there is a good consistency between 0, 48, and 72 h (Figure 3), indicating that digestion time does not obviously affect the δ13CDOC, and the solution still preserves the imprint of the original materials. Minerals 2024 , 14, 454 6 of 9 Figure 3. The δ13CDOC results of di fferent digestion durations. The green, blue, and pink dashed lines represent the average values of di fferent durations respectively. 4. Discussion 4.1. The Possibilities of Contamination Exogenous carbon contamination is the culprit behind the unreliable data; hence, clarifying the possibilities of contamination is essential. Blank bears the brunt and needs to be checked, and each step needs to be judged on whether the contaminations appear. The above results have shown that there is no deviation of δ13CDOC during the digestion process and under the di fferent reaction times, indicating the organic contamination car- bon can be neglected or the content of contamination is not enough to a ffect the δ13CDOC of the study samples. In addition, it is well known that samples wi th a higher content of carbon are less sus- ceptible to their carbon isotope composition from exogenous contamination because, even if there is contamination, its proportion is re latively low. The opposite is true for samples with low carbon content. Specifically, if th ere is contamination with carbon, the final δ13CDOC could increase or decrease with the decrease in carbon mass in the study samples. To further clarify the possibilities of contamination, we therefore compared the mass of carbon in dif- ferent samples and their δ13CDOC. The comparison shows that th ere is no correlation between the amount of carbon and δ13CDOC (Figure 4), further indicating that the carbon isotopic com- positions of DOC in speleothem ar e not affected by contamination. Figure 3. The δ13CDOC results of different digestion durations. The green, blue, and pink dashed lines represent the average values of different durations respectively." 251 W4393480252.pdf 3 "Curr. Oncol. 2024 ,31 1902 in the B and CR groups was compared by the log-rank test ( p< 0.05). Secondly, uni- and multivariate Cox regression analyses of OS were performed in each group of patients. Only those variables that presented a p-value < 0.1 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. 3. Results A total of 99 patients (mean age, 61.18 years [SD = 11.45]; 41 women) were included. The CR group comprised 68 patients (68.7%), and the other 31 patients were in the B group. The clinical, radiological, and pathological features are shown in Table 1. Among the patients who underwent surgery with the intention of achieving CR, CR was achieved in 33 patients (48.5%). Resection in the remaining patients in the CR group was consid- ered subtotal. Table 1. Clinical, radiological, and pathological features of the patients included in the study. VariableMean (SD) Count (%) Age 61.18 (SD = 11.45) Gender (female:male) 41:58 Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥70 91 (91.9%) Neurological deficit 74 (74.7%) Epileptic seizures 16 (16.2%) Headache 23 (23.2%) Brain hemisphereLeft 57 (57.6%) Right 40 (40.4% Bilateral 2 (2.0%) Contrast-enhancement typeRing 50 (51.0%) Heterogeneous 47 (48.0%) No enhancement 1 (1.0%) >2 lobes affected 27 (27.3%) Subventricular zone involvement 74 (74.7%) Corpus callosum involvement 39 (39.4%) Internal capsule < 1 cm 41 (41.4%) Contrast-enhancement volume (cc) 21.77 (SD = 15.22) Edema volumen (cc) 55.32 (SD = 34.78) Necrosis volumen (cc) 9.39 (SD = 9.92) Necrosis–tumor enhancement ratio (NTR) 0.41 (SD = 0.41) ASA1–2 76 (76.8%) 3–4 23 (23.2%) Risk of serious complication (%) 7.22 (SD = 3.44) Risk of any complication (%) 8.64 (SD = 3.41) Surgical intentionBiopsy 31 (31.3%) Complete 68 (68.7%) IDH mutation 1 (1.0%) Ki-67 > 20% 47 (52.2%) MGMT methylation 57 (58.2%)" 252 W2962974143.pdf 5 "M. Taboada, J. Brooke, M. Tofiloski, K. V oll, and M. Stede. 2011. Lexicon-based methods for sentiment analysis. Computational linguistics 37(2):267–307. Amy Beth Warriner, Victor Kuperman, and Marc Brys- baert. 2013. Norms of valence, arousal, and dom- inance for 13,915 English lemmas. Behavior re- search methods 45(4):1191–1207. T. Wilson, J. Wiebe, and P. Hoffmann. 2005. Rec- ognizing contextual polarity in phrase-level senti- ment analysis. In Proceedings of the conference on HLT/EMNLP 2005 . Vancouver, Canada.822" 253 W4223993139.pdf 7 "469 Page 8 of 13 Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2022) 137:469 Fig. 8 EDX analyses corresponding to differentparticles within the yellow glazescontaining aSb, Pb and Zn; bSb, Pb and Sn; cPb, Sn, Sb and Zn; and dZn and Si 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000(d) (c) (b) (a)ZnZn Si ZnSb Sn PbO C Sb PbPbSn SiAl Pb ZnSbPb Zn).u.a( stnuoc Energy (eV) Fig. 9 EDX analyses corresponding to orange andbrown glaze layers containingaS i ,P b ,S b ,A l ,M g ,N aa n dF e (orange); bPb, Sb and Fe (orange); cMn and Fe (orange); dPb, Sb and Fe (brown); and eSi, Ca, Al, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn and Ni(red particles) 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000Sn(e) (d) (c) (b) (a)PbSbPb Ni MnFe NaMgAlCa Fe Mn FeSbPb Sb Fe PbPbSi Al Mg).u.a(stnuoc Energy (eV)Na A fragment with yellow color glaze was analyzed by SEM to study its yellow surface. The punctual chemical analyses showed the presence of particles composed of Sb, Pb and Zn (Fig. 8a). Other particles were composed of Sb and Pb with high contents of Sn (Fig. 8b) or Pb, Sn, Sb and Zn (Fig. 8c). In addition, the particles mainly consisted of Zn accompanied by Si (Fig. 8d). These data could indicate the presence of different compounds based on Naples yellow but with inclusions in their pyrochlore structure ofZn, Sn or both cations simultaneously. Orange and brown colors EDX analyses of the orange color showed the presence of Si, Pb, Sb, Al, Mg, Na and Fe. Sn was also present (Fig. 9a). Punctual chemical analyses showed the presence of Pb, Sb and Fe (Fig. 9b). These analyses also showed that the particles were mainly composed of Mn and Fe (Fig. 9c). Regarding the brown color, the EDX analyses showed the presence of Pb, Sb and Fe (Fig. 9d). Punctual analyses of small particles of reddish color (Fig. 4h) showed that they were constituted by Si, Ca, Al, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn and Ni (Fig. 9e); the last three elements are responsible for the reddish color. Important iron oxide quantities (ca. 2.7 and 3.0% for orange and brown, respectively) havebeen found in these colors (Table 1). As described in the results provided by EDX, iron was also present in variable amounts as a chromophore of the glassy matrix. This element may be included in the structure of Pb 2Sb2O7and form an Fe-modified pigment during the ceramic firing process [27]. The incorporation of Fe inside the pigment lattice was largely described by Cartechini et al. [ 28]. The punctual chemical analyses carried out in our study (Fig. 9d) suggest the possibility of the formation of the abovementioned phase in the orange and brown glazes. The light Naples yellow darkens with exposure to iron. The punctual chemical analyses also showed the presence ofFe-based compounds are not associated with Pb and Sb but with Mn (Fig. 9e). In other ceramics from the Alcazar [3], Mn and Fe were detected in the darkest color areas. 123" 254 W4387228821.pdf 16 " www.ioles. com. br/boca BOLETIM DE CONJUN TURA (BOCA) ano V, vol. 15, n. 45, Boa Vista, 2023 764 Governo Federal a terceirizar algumas funções para o setor p rivado, como a segura nça nos abrigos, que já está sendo feita com custos crescentes. Em contraste, o artigo ""Migrações Internacionais Contemporâneas e a Crise de Refugiados na Região Noroeste do Brasil: O Caso do Acolhimento Venezuelano pelo Estado de Rora ima (2018 - 2019),"" de Érica Silva e Fernando Rod rigues (2020), afirma que o fluxo migratório venezuelano foi classificado como um problema de segurança devido ao seu comando por um general do Exército e define a militarização da Operação. No e ntanto, a Oper ação Acolhida é um es forço interministerial coo rdenado pela Casa Civil. A Força -Tarefa logística e humanitária, por outro lado, tem um General de Divisão como coordenador operacional. É evidente que os autores confundiram ambas as figuras e n ão compreender am o complexo arranjo institucional da operação . Silva e Rodrigues (2020) também afirmam que o processo de triagem funciona como um meio de restringir o sujeito migrante. Além disso, argumentam que o processo, sendo controlado pelo estado e militarizado, e stá ideologicamente i mbuído de controle excessi vo de segurança, comum entre as forças de repressão do estado, diante do inimigo percebido na travessia dos venezuelanos. Praticamente não existem restrições para indivíduos que passam pelo proce sso de triagem . Além disso, como me ncionado anteriormente, o Posto de Triagem (PTRIG) em Pacaraima é um local que abrange várias agências intergovernamentais, organizações não governamentais e entidades federais pertencentes à Operação Acolhida e, no Brasi l, a autoridad e migratória é a Polí cia Federal e não as Força s Armadas. Além disso, desde 2019, o governo brasileiro simplificou o processo de reconhecimento do status de refugiado dos imigrantes venezuelanos, caracterizando -os como refugiados devido à ""gr ave e generali zada violação dos dir eitos humanos"" na Venezuel a e concedendo reconhecimento prima facie aos nacionais venezuelanos. Silva e Rodrigues (2020) também afirmam que as Forças Armadas Brasileiras acabam assumindo um papel que pertence a outros ato res estatais e argumentam que esse papel assumido em tarefas subsidiárias desvia do papel das Forças Armadas conforme delineado na Constituição Federal de 1988, que é a defesa da nação, a garantia dos poderes constitucionais, a manutenção da ordem pública e a participaç ão em operações inter nacionais. Nesse sentido, os autores estão corretos em suas críticas. Primeiramente, eles estabelecem que as Forças Armadas desempenham um papel que deveria ser realizado por outros órgãos do governo. A questão é que, dev ido à complexi dade logística e à di stância dos principais cen tros urbanos do país, a" 255 W2536399810.pdf 2 "consumers and traders. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) held with women group of 15 members who were randomly selected to represent camel milk pro- ducers, herders, milk traders, and consumers at Isiolo and Eastleigh, Nairobi. This was done to identify handling practices along the value chain. Milk sampling Samples of raw camel milk and suusa were collected in triplicates at each representative point of the value chain for microbiological analysis. At production, pooled milk samples from the herds. Milk samples were collected from each container at the herd level and later pooled to make a representative sample of 20. At bulking centres, a total of 12 random samples were collected from each cooling hub. A total of 7 unintended suusa samples were collected at the time of the study while a total of 10 intended suusa were collected. Intended suusa was col- lected from pastoral women who were requested to pre- pare it since the commodity is rare. A total of 10 suusa samples were collected from Eastleigh, Nairobi market from 10 traders. Pooled suusa sample was made by pool- ing milk from as many containers as each woman trader had to obtain a representative sample. At each sampling point, 50 ml of milk sample was taken and transferred into sterile screw-capped sampling bottles, securely capped, clearly labelled and immediately transported to the laboratory for analysis under ice (4 °C). A total of 59 samples were obtained for titratable acidity and micro- bial analysis. Sample analysis The raw camel milk and suusa samples analysis was done at Egerton University, Food microbiology labora- tory. Serial dilution of up to 10−6was done using pep- tone water and 1 ml of homogenate of sample was aseptically transferred into a sterile petri dish. Total Viable Counts (TVC) was enumerated on Plate Count Agar (PCA) (Oxoid, UK) using pour plating method and the plates incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. The Coli- forms counts (CC) were enumerated on Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA) (Oxoid, UK) using pour plating technique and plates incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours(AOAC, 1995). The Spore Counts (SC) were enumerated by heat treating milk samples in a water bath at 80 °C for 10 - minutes and 1 ml of appropriate dilution pour plated on (PCA) (Oxoid, UK) and the plates incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours (AOAC, 1995). While the yeast and mould were determined on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) (Oxoid, UK) by spread plating technique and the plates incubated at 25 °C for 5 days (AOAC, 1995). Discrete colonies grown on plates after incuation were selected randomly and purified by repeated plating on the same agar according to Lore et al. (2005). Thecolonies were then subjected to morphological (cell shape, motility, cell grouping and endospores), biochem- ical (catalase, oxidase, carbohydrate utilization, indole, and Methyl red-Vosges-Proskauer) and physiological tests and identified to genus level (AOAC, 1995). Developed acidity in the samples was determined according to the method described by the International Dairy Federation (I.D.F.) (1990). 9 ml of the milk sam- ples were measured into the conical flasks, and 1 ml 0.5 % alcoholic phenolphthalein indicator added then titrating with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) until a faint pink colour appears. The results were then expressed as % lactic acid where 1/10 ml NaOH is equal to 0.09 % w/v lactic acid. Statistical analysis of data The microbial counts for the total viable count (TVC), coliform count (CC), spore count (SC), yeast and mould count (YM) were transformed to base-10 logarithm of colony forming units (cfus) per millilitre (ml) of the milk samples (log 10cfu/ml). The transformed data was tested for normality using PROC NPAR1WAY procedure of Komolgorov –Smirnoff's test and also tested for homo- geneity of variances using Levene ’s test before assump- tion of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS ver- sion 9.1 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). The independent variable was the milk quality and value chain points (production, bulking, processing and marketing). The significance of the means was determined using Tukey ’s Honestly Significance Difference (HSD) test at P< 0.05. Results Mapping the suusa value chain The value chain for s uusa mapped from surveys and FGD is represented in Fig. 1, revealing the handling practices along the value chain. Camels are milked at “boma ”(simi- lar to a kraal) by herders. Fresh milk is bought by women groups or individuals to make suusa or sell in open air market. Soured milk is downgraded and sold as un- intended suusa . Fresh camel milk and suusa is consumed by both pastoralists and non-pastoralists. The common camel milk handling practices that influ- ence the contamination levels in milk is shown in Table 1. It was found that all herders neither wash their hands nor wash the camel udder before milking and all camel milk handling containers were plastic. After milk- ing and bulking at the herd level, all milk was found to be transported by the either motorbikes when the herd was near Isiolo town or trucks when the herds were far from the town e.g. from Kulamawe which was about 100 KM form Isiolo town. Isiolo town is the main collection center for raw camel milk where there are cooling facilities for the milk. At Isiolo, milkMwangi et al. International Journal of Food Contamination (2016) 3:18 Page 3 of 9" 256 W2193999258.pdf 0 "http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a paper published in Journal of Yoga & Physical therapy. Citation for the original published paper (version of record): Kjellgren, A., Andersson, M. (2015) Relaxation and Wellness through Yoga Practice. Journal of Yoga & Physical therapy, 5(4) https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7595.1000219 Access to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-38847" 257 W4385064589.pdf 0 "CORRECTION OPEN Correction: Supporting Weight Management during COVID-19 (SWiM-C): twelve-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial of a web-based, ACT-based, guided self-help intervention Julia Mueller , Rebecca Richards, Rebecca A. Jones , Fiona Whittle, Jennifer Woolston, Marie Stubbings , Stephen J. Sharp , Simon J. Grif fin, Jennifer Bostock, Carly A. Hughes, Andrew J. Hill , Clare E. Boothby and Amy L. Ahern © The Author(s) 2023 International Journal of Obesity (2023) 47:882; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-023-01330-4 Correction to: International Journal of Obesity https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41366-022-01232-x , published online 11 November 2022 The authors have discovered an error in the way the data for three of the secondary outcomes were processed. The error pertains to the three subscales of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. The TFEQ-R21 consists of 21 items, and responsesto each of the items were given a score between 1 and 4 and item scores were summated into scale scores for cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. The raw scale scoreswere then transformed to a 0 –100 scale using the formula: ((raw score−lowest possible raw score)/possible raw score range) * 100 (see: de Lauzon et al. The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 isable to distinguish among different eating patterns in a generalpopulation. J Nutr. 2004;134:2372 –80.https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/ 134.9.2372 . PMID: 15333731). The possible raw score range is the range of the scale (1 –4, so 3) multiplied by the number of items. For example, if a participant completed the 6 items on the Restraint Subscale, the possible rawscore range is 3 * 6 =18. Unfortunately, the authors used 4 instead of 3 for the range of the scale, which means that instead oftransforming the scores to a 0 –100 scale, they transformed the scores to a 0 –75 scale. This has now been corrected in the tables below. This does not affect the overall results and the conclusions remain the same, but, using the corrected scoring method, the authors obtained slightly different numbers for three of their secondary outcomes. The original article has been corrected. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you giveappropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the CreativeCommons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article ’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in thearticle ’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directlyfrom the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . © The Author(s) 2023 Published online: 21 July 2023www.nature.com/ijo International Journal of Obesity1234567890();,:" 258 W4391275741.pdf 20 "Томакова Р. А., Иванов Д. В., Корсунский Н. А. Интеллектуальная система обес печения миграции … 51 Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Seri es: Control, Computer Engineering, Information Science. Medical Instruments Engineering . 2023; 13(3): 31 –51 20. Doolan D. Migraciya dannyh: prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po effektivnomu perenosu dannyh [Data Migration: A Practical Guide to Effective Data Migration]. Wimbledon, Lon- don, BCS Learning & Development Ltd Publ., 2020, pp. 301‒312. _________________________ Информация об авторах / Information about the Authors Томакова Римма Александровна, доктор технических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры программной инженерии, Юго -Западный государственный университет, г. Курск, Российская Федерация , e-mail: rtomakova@mail.ru , Researcher ID: O-6164-2015, ORCID: 0000-0003-152-4714 Rimma A. Tomakova, Dr. of Sci. (Engineering), Professor, Professor of the Department of Software Engineering, Southwest State University, Kursk, Russian Federation, e-mail: rtomakova@mail.ru , Researcher ID: O-6164-2015, ORCID: 0000-0003-152-4714 Иванов Дмитрий Вадимович, магистрант, Юго -Западный государственный университет , г. Курск, Российская Федерация, e-mail: asmadisel@yandex.ru , ORCID: 0009-0004-5581-1641 Dmitry I. Vadimovich, Undergraduate, Southwest State University, Kursk, Russian Federation, e-mail: asmadisel@yandex.ru , ORCID: 0009-0004-5581-1641 Корсунский Никита Александрович, аспирант, Юго -Западный государственный университет, г. Курск, Российская Федерация, e-mail: cor.nick2013@yandex.ru , ORCID: 0009-0005-4606-5517 Nikita A. Korsunsky, Post-Graduate Student, Southwest State University, Kursk, Russian Federation, e-mail: cor.nick2013@yandex.ru , ORCID: 0009-0005-4606-5517 " 259 W2107387902.pdf 0 "18/05/2024 11:27Ranking paths in stochastic time-dependent networks / Lars Relund, Nielsen; Kim Allan, Andersen; Pretolani, Daniele. - In: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH. - ISSN 0377-2217. - STAMPA. - 236:3(2014), pp. 903-914. [10.1016/j.ejor.2013.10.022] Terms of use: The terms and conditions for the reuse of this version of the manuscript are specified in the publishing policy. For all terms of use and more information see the publisher's website. (Article begins on next page)This is a pre print version of the following article:" 260 W2483985165.pdf 2 "Imbernón Cuadrado et al. ARTIE ineducation,duetothestrongrelationshipbetweenemotio ns andmentalprocessesofcognitivenature. In this section, we present the current state in the research areas of interest for this paper, putting the work in context and justifying the technological choices taken to carry it o ut. Such areas are: affective robotics in education, requirement s engineering for the development of affective educational software, recognition of emotional states from keyboard an d mouse interactions, and markup languages for the specificati on ofrobotsandvirtualagents. 2.1.1. Affective Robotics in Education Human Robot Interaction (HRI), and, in particular, Socially AssitiveRobotics(SAR)arekeystonesinactualroboticsrese arch. In this context, developing virtual agents as a teaching reso urce, given their potential to simulate real social interaction, i s today an open question. However, as set forth in Saerbeck et al. (2010) the appearance of the educational agent has a significant impact on user behavior. It has been shown that having the perception ofapartnertointeractwithcanbeimprovedbyusingaphysical robot.Nevertheless,itshouldbenotedthattheacceptanceo fthe robot by teachers is vital to ensuring its benefits as an educa tion assistancetool( FridinandBelokopytov,2013 ). Educational robots have positive influence on the learning processes, helping students to get better test scores ( Catlin and Robertson, 2012 ) and increasing more than books or other audio-visual resources their interest ( Mubin et al., 2013 ). Within education, robotics initially adopted the perspective of constructivism, in which students learn to solve problems by building a physical artifact. Later the notion of social constructivismproposedbyVygotskywasintroducedandisnow theperspectiveadoptedbymosteducationmethodologiesbased onrobottutors( Mubinetal.,2013 ). Inprimaryeducationalargenumberofstudieswithdifferent robots have been carried out. Two different approaches can be considered:onewheretherobottutorplaystheroleofateach er, teachinglessonstothestudent,asin Kerenetal.(2012) andother where the role of the robot is to receive care, as in Tanaka and Matsuzoe(2012) . Notably,inallthestudiesanalyzed,thepresenceofaroboti n aclassroomsignificantlyimprovesthelearningcurveofstud ents. However,despitetheinitialincreaseinmotivationofthest udents due to the presence of the robots, they gradually lose interest in them ( Jimenez et al., 2015 ). Due to these findings studies on affectiveeducationwerecarriedoutinthefieldofrobotics. Therefore, socially interactive robots should ideally hav e a number of features such as the ability to express or perceive emotions, to communicate via high-level dialogue, to learn a nd recognize patterns of other agents, to establish and maintai n social relationships, to use natural signs, to display a distin ctive personalityandtolearnsocialskills( Fongetal.,2002 ). As mentioned previously, SAR have great potential for developing efficient educational tools ( Keren et al., 2012 ). In recent years there has been an increase in the development of socially interactive robots with the ability to interpret so cial characteristics ( Vouloutsi et al., 2014 ) which enable them tointeract naturally with humans ( Salam and Chetouani, 2015 ). In Fong et al. (2002) , an extensive study of the state of the art on socially-interactive robots at that time is presented concl uding that, to give credibility to the interaction between a robot a nd a person, the robot has to incorporate artificial emotions and recognizehumanemotions;theauthorsdrawattentiontothe role ofspeech,facialexpressionsandbodylanguageashighlyeffect ive methods of communicating emotions ( Breazeal and Aryananda, 2002).Robotstrainedtoidentifystudentemotionsthroughfacia l and gesture recognition can provide effective assistance to the teacher(VeenaVijayan,2014 ). In recent times, social and assistant robots have been used in many educational projects involving preschool children, o ne example being the use of NAO ( Softbank Robotics, 2016 ) in Kindergarten Assistive Robotics (KAR) ( Keren et al., 2012 ). The use of robots in special education has also been shown to be effective,particularlyineducationforchildrenwithASD( Robins etal.,2004;Ismailetal.,2012 ). 2.1.1.1.Affectiverobotsandrecommendersystems Theprocessofacquiringknowledgeisakeycomponentforsocia l robots, enabling them to improve their actions in a dynamic human environment. For this reason, one of the approaches to the implementation of knowledge systems in robots is to imita te the human cognitive processes involved in the interaction wi th differentenvironments( Kooetal.,2011 ).Tooperateasagenuine tutor and make appropriate educational interventions, a robot must know the learning subject, the competencies of students , and the specific circumstances which create the need for each particular learning intervention. A possible means to provide a robot with this knowledge is to establish a communication between the robot and an affective educational recommender systemwithwhichthestudentsinteract. Inthecontextofhealthcareprogresshasbeenmaderegarding the communication between robots and recommender systems, seeHammer et al. (2015) andTang et al. (2015) . Robots connectedtorecommendersystemshavealsobeendevelopedin thecontextofbusinessprovidingotherservicesasshownin Koo etal.(2011) andKameietal.(2011) . However, in the context of education to date we have not found any reference of robots which operate jointly with an educationalrecommendersystem. Therearethereforeenoughstudiessupportingthehypothesis that the use of robots, and particularly affective robots, in education can improve learning processes, as concluded in Saerbecketal.(2010) ,Capponietal.(2010) ,Jimenezetal.(2015) , andKeren et al. (2012) . The greatest benefits of using robots as an educational tool are obtained in infant and primary school children. The availability of non-intrusive and low cost meth ods and tools to facilitate social interaction between children and robots is crucial to the use of affective robot tutors becoming widespread in infant and primary education. Also noteworthy is thelackofresearchwithregardtotheintegrationofeducat ional recommendersystemsandrobots. Under the above considerations, we aim to facilitate the implementation of affective robot tutors which operate jointly with an educational recommender system for elementary Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience | www.frontiersi n.org 3 August 2016 | Volume 10 | Article 77" 261 W2570674397.pdf 5 " c) /g302 = 600 a) /g302 = 900 b) /g302 = 750 Fig. 7. Values of impact forces for nozzle diameter D=2 mm for different values of impact angle /g302. 3.3 Determining the Influence of the process parameters Using the Full factorial method has conducted an analysis of the variance to determine the contribution of each parameter and their interactions on the impact force. Table 2 presents the analysis of the variance, using Minitab 17. Table 2. Analysis of Variance (Minitab 17). Source DF (degree of freedom) Seq. SS (sum of square) Contribution Model 103 163,747 99.87% Linear 16 153,677 93.73% Diameter 2 117,239 71.50% Pressure 5 29,641 18.08% Distance 7 410 0.25% Angle 2 6,387 3.90% 2-Way Interactions 87 10,070 6.14% Diameter*Pressure 10 7,626 4.65% Diameter*Distance 14 333 0.20% Diameter*Angle 4 1,636 1.00% Pressure*Distance 35 55 0.03% Pressure*Angle 10 414 0.25% Distance*Angle 14 6 0.00% Error 328 217 0.13% Total 431 163,965 100.00% DOI: 10.1051/ , (2017) 79407005 94 matecconf/201 MATEC Web of Conferences CoSME'1607005 6" 262 W1964811855.pdf 2 "ability of SCL and CS in order to improve their electro- spinnability while reducing the PEO content. SCL, CS and PEO are blended in aqueous solutions of acetic acid and subsequently electrospun. Experimental MaterialsSCL was purchased from Northway Lignin Chemical as Polybind 300 (liquid). Before use, the SCL was dried in a100/C176C laboratory oven until dry. The dry weight of the lignin was *50 % of the as-received wet lignin weight. Medium molecular weight CS (viscosity average Mw190–310 kDa, 75–85 % deacetylation) and 5,000,000 Mw PEO were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as- received without further purification. Acetic acid ( C99.5 % pure) was purchased from Acros Organics. Deionized water was used as the primary solvent. Method Solution preparationVarious electrospinning solutions were prepared from a blend of SCL, CS and PEO. All polymer concentrations arereported as w/v % (g/ml). The solutions were prepared with 0.6 % PEO, 1.5 % chitosan and 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 % SCL. Initially, CS and PEO were dissolved in acetic acidand deionized water, while SCL was dissolved in deionized water. The two solutions were then mixed under constant stirring conditions to achieve the desired polymer con-centrations in a 40(v/v) % acetic acid solution. The solu- tions are labelled as 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0L based on their respective lignin content. Electrospinning Electrospinning was performed in a NANON-01A elec- trospinning setup, MECC Co., Ltd. Japan. A custom-made plate collector, which allowed for a variation in the heightof the collector (the collector, which came with the machine had a fixed height), was employed to achieve a greater working distance. Solutions were electrospun usinga 24 gauge needle, 14 kV applied voltage, 0.1 ml/h flow rate and a 22.5 cm working distance in ambient conditions. Characterization Solution viscosities were measured using a Brookfield DV- II?Pro viscometer at room temperature with a #4 spindle at 100 rpm. Each measurement had an inherent 1 % error,and three independently prepared solutions were measured to calculate an average and standard deviation. Solution surface tensions were measured using the Du Nuoy ring method with the ring attached to a microbalance at roomtemperature where the ring was slowly pulled out of the solution, and the surface tension being recorded just before the ring broke contact with the solution surface. Eachmeasurement had an inherent 5 % error, and three inde- pendently prepared solutions were measured to calculate an average and standard deviation. The resulting fibre mor- phologies were analysed using an FEI - Inspect S50 scanning electron microscope (SEM) operated at 15 kV.The fibres were sputter-coated with *20 nm of gold to make them conductive. The obtained SEM images were further analysed using the ImageJ software to measure thefibre diameters using over 100 measurements for each formulation to obtain an average and standard deviation. A model TCS SP5 II laser scanning confocal microscope(LCM) (Leica Microsystems, Exton, PA) was used in the ‘xyk’ mode to obtain fluorescence emission spectra of the resulting fibres and the constituent materials as well as toresolve the spatial distribution of the constituent materials within the fibres. Thermal characteristics of the fibres were measured using a TA instruments thermogravimetric ana-lyser (TGA) Q500. TGA thermograms were obtained from 20 to 800 /C176C at a ramp rate of 10 /C176C/min. Heating took place in a nitrogen atmosphere injected at a flow rate of15 ml/min. Structural characteristics of the fibres and constituent polymers were investigated using a Thermo Scientific Nicolet 6700 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectrometer with a GladiATR single reflection ATR accessory operated between 400 and 4000 cm -1. The spectra were collected at a resolution of 4 cm-1with 32 scans per sample at room temperature. Elemental analysis was performed on the fibres using a model S3400-N SEM (Hitachi Hitachi-Technologies, Pleasanton, CA) coupled toa Noran System 6 energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (Thermo Electron Corp., Madison, WI). To confirm that the resultant fibres were composed of PECs, the fibres weresoaked in water for at least a day and analysed through SEM, LCM, EDS, FTIR and TGA. Result and discussion Polyelectrolyte complex of sodium carbonate lignin and chitosan Based on the polyionic nature of the SCL and CS, it was expected that they would form PECs with each other (Fig. 1). It was undesirable for them to form PECs in solution as it would cause clogging of the needle. It was observed that above an acetic acid concentration of 40 % inJ Mater Sci (2014) 49:7949–7958 7951 123" 263 W3125451002.pdf 0 "data Data Descriptor Sigfox and LoRaWAN Datasets for Fingerprint Localization in Large Urban and Rural Areas Michiel Aernouts1,*ID, Rafael Berkvens1ID, Koen Van Vlaenderen2and Maarten Weyn1ID 1IDLab—Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp—imec, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; rafael.berkvens@uantwerpen.be (R.B.); maarten.weyn@uantwerpen.be (M.W.) 2Sensolus NV , Rijsenbergstraat 148, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; koen@sensolus.com *Correspondence: michiel.aernouts@uantwerpen.be Received: 16 March 2018; Accepted: 5 April 2018; Published: 10 April 2018 /gid00030/gid00035/gid00032/gid00030/gid00038/gid00001/gid00033/gid00042/gid00045 /gid00001 /gid00048/gid00043/gid00031/gid00028/gid00047/gid00032/gid00046 Abstract: Because of the increasing relevance of the Internet of Things and location-based services, researchers are evaluating wireless positioning techniques, such as fingerprinting, on Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) communication. In order to evaluate fingerprinting in large outdoor environments, extensive, time-consuming measurement campaigns need to be conducted to create useful datasets. This paper presents three LPWAN datasets which are collected in large-scale urban and rural areas. The goal is to provide the research community with a tool to evaluate fingerprinting algorithms in large outdoor environments. During a period of three months, numerous mobile devices periodically obtained location data via a GPS receiver which was transmitted via a Sigfox or LoRaWAN message. Together with network information, this location data is stored in the appropriate LPWAN dataset. The first results of our basic fingerprinting implementation, which is also clarified in this paper, indicate a mean location estimation error of 214.58 m for the rural Sigfox dataset, 688.97 m for the urban Sigfox dataset and 398.40 m for the urban LoRaWAN dataset. In the future, we will enlarge our current datasets and use them to evaluate and optimize our fingerprinting methods. Also, we intend to collect additional datasets for Sigfox, LoRaWAN and NB-IoT. Dataset: 10.5281/zenodo.1193562 Dataset License: CC-BY Keywords: IoT; LPWAN; Sigfox; LoRaWAN; localization; fingerprinting 1. Introduction The growing importance of the Internet of Things (IoT) creates a rapidly increasing necessity for wide area communication standards that guarantee reliable connectivity between a multitude of IoT devices. For this purpose, researchers have been developing various Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) standards. IoT requires LPWAN standards to support long-range communication and high scalability of end-devices at a low cost. Also, ubiquitous indoor and outdoor connectivity as well as ultra-low power consumption are crucial aspects for reliable, transparent IoT applications that work for years on small batteries [ 1]. To meet these requirements, numerous measures have to be considered for LPWAN design, such as modulation techniques, network topology, hardware complexity, use of radio frequent spectrum and regulations. In general, a trade-off between these measures and data rate has to be made [2]. Context-awareness is an important aspect of IoT applications. This means that, depending on the application, an IoT device can alter its behavior based on the measurements it has conducted in its environment. In order to create context-awareness for IoT applications, the location of the device has Data 2018 ,3, 13; doi:10.3390/data3020013 www.mdpi.com/journal/data" 264 W2099880065.pdf 4 "Siqueira Filho et al.similar behavior between the methods, but with divergence in values. At points on the welding fillet (points 11, 12 and 13) it was shown that the stresses measured by the method of X-ray diffraction values are quite different from those obtained by the method of coordinate measuring machine. Measurements made by the method of X-ray diffraction showed inconsistent values, requiring new measurements to better observations. 4. Conclusions The results obtained with the coordinate machine measurements proved to be quite consistent, as compared to values obtained by X-ray diffraction, especially for the longitudinal stresses. The transverse residual stress present different values between the two methods. Although the difference between these methods showed similar behavior either for points at a distance 2.5 mm or 5.0 mm from weld fillet. This new method showed satisfactory results, allowing a greater range of options for measurements in the residual stresses resulting from the welding process. Acknowledgements Thanks to FACEPE (Science and Technology Foundation of Pernambuco) and CNPQ (National Council of Research) for financial assistance during this work.Comparing the longitudinal stresses measured in points 1 to 10 in the heat affected zone, HAZ (Figures 4 and 5) with the Transverse residual stresses at the same points (Figures 6 and 7), we observe that the longitudinal stresses we obtain result very similar values absolute in both methods of measurements, whereas in transverse notes there is a Figure 7. Transverse residual stresses obtained by X-ray diffraction and displacement in coordinate measuring machine (as showed in graphic the uncertainty measurements are very small, so the points are not can be observed), points a distance 5.0 mm from weld fillet. References 1. Lu J. Handbook of Measurement of Residual Stresses . SEM Inc.; 1996. 254 p. 2. Rodacoski MR . Medição de Tensões Residuais com Holografia Eletrônica. 2002. 3. Benning IO. Non-destructive determination of Load and Residual Stresses by the X-ray stress method. The Rigaku Journal . 1989; 6(2). 4. Bureau Veritas. Rules and Regulation for the Classification of Ships and Offshore Installation-Materials. Section 2. NR. 216DNCRO2E; 1997. 5. Mercantil Brasileira de Aço – MBA. Available from:: www.mba -aco.com.br/pdf/chapas_estruturas_navais_alta_ resistencia.pdf . Acess in: 11/03/2010. 6. American Welding Society - AWS. AWS A5.18 : Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding. AWS; 2001. 7. Lu J, Bouhelier C, Lieurade HP, Baralle D, Miege B and Flevanot JF. Study of Residual Welding Stress Using Step- by-step Hole Drilling and Xray Diffraction Method . Welding in the World . 1994; 33(2):118-128.8. Okumura T and Tanigusgi C. Engenharia de Soldagem e Aplicações. Rio de Janeiro: Livros Técnicos e Científicos Ed.; 1982. 9. Callister Junior WD. Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais : Uma Introdução. 5. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Livros Técnicos e Científicos Ed.; 2002. 10. Guimarães PB, Pedrosa PMA, Yadava PY , Barbosa JMA, Siqueira Filho A V and Ferreira RAS. Determination of the Residual Stresses from a Temperature Field Numerically Obtained , 2012. In publication. 11. Oliveira GLG, Hélio CM and Jesualdo PF. Avaliação das Tensões Residuais em Tubos de Pequeno Diâmetro Soldados pelo Processo TIG Orbital. Soldagem & Inspeção . 2009; 14(2). Available from: . Access in: 23/08/2010. Comparative. 12. Lima EPR, Sanguinetti Ferreira, RA, Quadros NF and Yadava YP. Estudo dos aspectos cinéticos e mofológicos durante recristalização da liga AA8011 . Revista Iberoamericana de Ingenharia Mecânica. 2006; 10(1):131-137. 13. Siqueira Filho A V , Guimarães PB, Pedrosa PMA, Yadava PY , Rolim TL and Ferreira RAS. Effect of Anisotropy in Heat Treatment Stress Relieving , 2012. In publication.326 Materials Research" 265 W3012489676.pdf 6 "7 instructions of the coprocessor 1% of time (one instruction of the scheduling per 100 instructions), then the probability of a conflict occurrence is 0.01% for dual-core CPUs. So the conflict would occur very rarely but still it has to be taken into account. If a conflict occurs, it is resolved dynamically by the semaphore module. This module is responsible for choosing which CPU core can use the coprocessor at the corresponding time. The second core will use the coprocessor 2 clock cycles later and thus, it must be stalled for 2 clock cycles in that case. The Semaphore module for dual-core CPU systems consists mainly of multiplexers for selecting the instruction. In addition to that, there is only one D Flip-Flop (DFF) added for remembering whether the last conflict-winning core was CPU core 1 or CPU core 2. In the case of a conflict occurrence, the multiplexer is also controlled by the output of the DFF. The best-case execution time is one clock cycle. However, it is important to keep in mind that the main target is hard real-time systems, where the worst-case execution time should be taken in consideration instead of the best case or average execution time. The worst-case execution time of the semaphore approach is four clock cycles because in the worst-case scenario, a conflict occurs every clock cycle. Fig. 9 shows the logic circuit that implements Semaphore module handling conflicts for two CPU cores. Fig. 9. Semaphore module circuit for dual-core systems. For quad-core systems, the situation is much more complicated because there are more possible combinations of the conflicts that may occur. Even bigger conflicts (i.e. three or more CPU cores intending to use the coprocessor at the same time) can occur too. There are eleven possible combinations of conflicts in total, represented by the CPU core numbers. There exist six versions of conflicts when two CPU cores are in conflict: CPU core 1 and CPU core 2 conflict named as 1-2, CPU core 1 and CPU core 3 named as 1-3, CPU core 1 and CPU core 4 named as 1-4, CPU core 2 and CPU core 3 named as 2-3, CPU core 2 and CPU core 4 named as 2-4, CPU core 3 and CPU core 4 named as 3-4. These four versions of conflicts can occur when three CPU cores are trying to use the scheduler at the same time: CPU core 1, CPU core 2 and CPU core 3 conflict named as 1-2-3, CPU core 1, CPU core 2 and CPU core 4 conflict named as 1-2-4, CPU core 1, CPU core 3 and CPU core 4 conflict named as 1-3-4 and CPU core 2, CPU core 3 and CPU core 4 conflict named as 2-3-4. The last possible combination is when all four CPU cores are trying to use the scheduler at the same time, which is named as 1-2-3-4. There are two requirements for the semaphore module, primary and secondary. The primary requirement is that there is specified a maximum possible number of delays (CPU stalls) caused by the conflicts and that this number is relatively low. Such a requirement is crucial because the scheduler is intended for real-time systems. The secondary requirement is fairness from the point of view of the CPU cores – each CPU core has approximately the same amount of possibilities to win to use the scheduler instantly [37]. The proposed solution for the new Semaphore module consists of a 2-bit counter that is used for representation of four states. These four states are called: 1234, 2143, 3412 and 4321. Each of these states implicitly specifies the priority order that is used for selecting a winner whenever any of the eleven possible conflicts occurs. For example, the 1234 state means that the CPU core 1 has higher priority than core 2, CPU core 2 has higher priority than core 3, and CPU core 3 has higher priority than core 4. Whenever a conflict occurs, the state is changed to the next one by incrementing the 2-bit counter. We decided to reduce the total number of 24 possible permutations or priority orders to only 4 orders defined by the four states because in this way, the state machine responsible for decision of which CPU wins the conflict is much simpler, resulting in simpler design and smaller hardware. The four orders were chosen so that these orders are symmetric, fair and they are rotating after every conflict. Whenever a conflict occurs, the order is changed to the next order by updating the state machine moving from the current state to the next state. The states are specified by 2-bit counter in the following way [37]: • value “00” represents state/order 1234. The next value is “01”. • value “01” represents state/order 2143. The next value is “10”. • value “10” represents state/order 3412. The next value is “11”. • value “11” represents state/order 4321. The next value is “00”. All combinations of conflicts with respect to the actual state and the corresponding winners are listed in Table I. Each line of the table represents a possible scenario of conflicting CPU cores. The columns represent the four possible orders, where one of them is selected at a given time depending on the current state of the state machine. One can observe that both requirements for the Semaphore are met because the maximum possible number of losses for any CPU core is three in a row (i.e. the CPU core can lose 0, 1 2 or 3 times at most), and the winning of CPU cores is evenly distributed. Due to the rotating behavior of states/orders, it is guaranteed that one instruction will take 2M clock cycles in the worst-case scenario (the case when all CPU cores want to use the scheduler all the time), where M is the number of CPU cores. The best-case scenario is 2 clock cycles. Thus, for quad-core CPUs, one instruction can take 2 to 8 clock cycles depending on the occurrence of the conflicts. TABLE I. TABLE OF WINNERS FOR QUAD-CORE SEMAPHORE " 266 W2077893947.pdf 2 "ON. 100 ml of TSB +YE medium was inoculated with 1 ml of ON-culture and grown to log phase followed by induction of protein expression by addition of IPTG to a final concentration of 1 mM. The cultivations were incubated at 25 uC ON and harvested by centrifugation (2700 g, 15 min, 4 uC). The pellets were resuspended in 10 ml wash buffer (50 mM sodium phosphate, 6 M Urea, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.5) and disrupted by sonication (Vibra Cell; Sonics and materials Inc., Danbury, CT, USA). Proteins were recovered from the supernatant after a subsequent centrifugation to remove cell debris (10000 g, 20 min,4uC). The samples were filtered (0.45 mm) and loaded on a 1 ml Talon metal affinity resin column (Clontech Laboratories, CA, USA) equilibrated with eight column volumes (CV) of wash buffer. The column was washed with ten CV of wash buffer followed by elution in ten (1 ml) fractions (50 mM NaAc, 6 M Urea, 100 mM NaCl, 30 mM HAc, pH 4.5). Protein concentrations were estimated from absorbance measurements at 280 nm (Eppendorf Biophotometer) and the most concentrated fractions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE on Novex Bis-Tris 4–12% gradient gels using the Novex system (Invitrogen, CA, USA). Buffer exchange was done by extensive dialysis at 4 uC against HEPES buffered saline (HBS-EP; 10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 3.4 mM EDTA, 0.05% P20, pH 7.4). Concentrations were determined by amino acid analysis (Aminosyraanalyscentralen, Uppsala, Sweden) and molecular weights were verified by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) on a 6520 Accurate Mass Q-TOF LC/MS (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA). Biosensor analysis of first generation binders Selected ABD-variants were screened for binding to HSA and TNF- ausing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with a BIAcore H 2000 instrument (Biacore, Uppsala, Sweden). HSA and TNF- a (both at 10 mgm l21in 10 mM NaAc, pH 4.5) were immobilized (2000 response units (RU) each) on a Biacore CM5 sensor chip by standard amine coupling. ABD-variants were serially injected over both flow cells at concentrations ranging from 1–5 mM with a flow rate of 50 ml min21at 25 uC using HBS-EP as running buffer. The surfaces were regenerated between injections using 10 ml pulses of 10 mM HCl. The response from a reference flow cell was subtracted and the results were analyzed using BIAevaluation 3.2 software. The two candidates that showed binding to TNF- ain the screening (ABD TNF1 and ABD TNF2 ) were immobilized, by amine coupling by the procedure described above, to 400 RU each on a new CM5 chip. TNF- awas injected (50 ml min21at 25 uC using HBS-EP as running buffer) at concentrations ranging from 3.2– 9960 nM. Injections were performed in duplicates and the kinetic constants (k aand k d) were determined using BIAevaluation 3.2 software. To determine the affinity to HSA, both ABD-variants as well as the non-randomized ABD were injected in duplicates, at concentrations ranging from approximately 1–3000 nM (up to 250 nM for ABD), over a surface immobilized with HSA (2000 RU). Kinetic constants were determined as above and equilibrium responses (RU) from all experiments were fitted to a 1:1 binding model using GraphPad Prism in order to determine the K Dvalues. Subcloning to staphylococcal display vector The gene sequences encoding the non-randomized ABD and the two selected bispecific ABD-variants were PCR-amplified from their phage display vector constructs and ligated to a modifiedversion of the previously described staphylococcal display vector pSCZ1 [22]. In the new vector (denoted pSCABD1), the albumin- binding protein (ABP) that was previously used for normalizationof surface expression was replaced with a dimeric construct of an IgG-binding domain (Z 2) derived from staphylococcal protein A. E. coli RR1DM15 was used as host for plasmid construction and preparation, and the constructs were transformed to electrocom- petent Staphylococcus carnosus TM300 according to previously described protocol [23]. Cell labeling and flow-cytometric analysis Staphylococcal cells displaying ABD-variants were inoculated to 10 ml TSB +YE with 10 mgm l21chloramphenicol and grown ON at 37 uC and 150 rpm. From ON cultures, approximately 106cells were washed with 1 ml PBS supplemented with 0.1% Pluronic H F108 NF Surfactant (PBSP; pH 7.4; BASF Corporation, Mount Olive, NJ). The cells were pelleted by centrifugation (3500 g, 4 uC, 6 min) and resuspended in 100 ml of PBSP containing twelve different concentrations of biotinylated TNF- a(4.3–12900 nM) or fluorophore-conjugated HSA (1.25–2500 nM; 10–20000 nM for ABD TNF1 ). Equilibrium binding was reached by incubation at RT for 1 h with gentle mixing. The cells were washed with 1 ml ice- cold PBSP, followed by incubation on ice in 100 ml ice-cold PBSP containing 1.25 mgm l21streptavidin-Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate (Invitrogen) for 15 min (for HSA-binding the secondary incuba- tion was omitted). Following one wash with 1 ml ice-cold PBSP, cells were resuspended in 300 ml ice-cold PBSP prior to flow- cytometric analysis. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was measured using a FACS Vantage SE (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) flow cytometer. MFI data was fitted to a 1:1 binding model using GraphPad Prism in order to determine the K Dvalues. Second-generation library construction and cloning Two different degenerate oligonucleotides (Scandinavian Gene Synthesis AB, Ko ¨ping, Sweden), encoding helix one and helix three, respectively, with complementary regions encoding the non- randomized second helix of ABD were annealed and extended bysix cycles of PCR using AmpliTaqGold DNA polymerase (Applied Biosystems). Flanking restriction sites for XhoI and NheI were introduced in an additional PCR-reaction (15 cycles) using a new primer pair. The PCR-products were purified with QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen) according to the supplier’s recommendations. The purified pool of randomized library fragment was digested with restriction enzymes XhoI and NheI (New England Biolabs) and purified as above. The staphylococcal display vector, pSCABD1, was prepared from E. coli RR1DM15 and purified using Jetstar Maxi Kit (Genomed, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany). The vector was digested with the same enzymes and purified using preparative gel electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel. Ligation of pSCABD1 with the randomized library fragments was performed at a 1:20 molar ratio of vector to fragment using T4 DNA ligase (New England Biolabs). The ligation mixture was purified using QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit according to the supplier’s recommendations prior to transformation to electro- competent E. coli DH5acells. Individual clones, plated directly after transformation, were PCR-amplified for sequence verifica- tion using BigDye Thermo Cycle Sequencing reactions and an ABI Prism H3700 instrument (Applied Biosystems). Plasmids were prepared from ON cultures of E. coli using Jetstar Maxi Kit (Genomed) and transformed to electrocompetent S. carnosus as described above. The staphylococcal library is hereinafter denoted Sc:ABD TNFlib . Cell labeling and FACS Cells, approximately 50 times the library size, were labeled basically as described above, but with the addition of fluorescently conjugated IgG in the second incubation for monitoring of theEngineering Bispecificity into a Single Domain PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 3 October 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 10 | e25791" 267 W1976725956.pdf 3 "a85aS122 ea2C~0!~12t/t0!D, ~20! b85b21 eaC~0!~12t/t0!, ~21! e85e F122 ea2C~0!~12t/t0!G. ~22! Although we admit that this particularly simple renormal- ization scheme is model dependent, the procedure is quitegeneral and its predictions are quite robust, as shown in fol-lowing sections, when they are statistically compared withnumerical simulations of the original stochastic model. It is clear that these results have been obtained for small noise intensities and temporal correlations and thereforesome inconsistencies should be expected for large values ofthese parameters. In order to get a better analytical conver-gence we further propose a standard analytic regularizationof the previous first-order expressions. The simplest regular- ization of the tdependence, giving the deterministic limit when t!0, would be expressed by ~see Fig. 2 ! a85aS122CR~0! ea2D, ~23! b85b2CR~0! ea, ~24! e85e S122CR~0! ea2D, ~25!where for simplicity we have introduced the effective param- eterCR(0) into the renormalized expressions for the model parameters, CR~0!5C~0! @11t/t0~l!#. ~26! This is another relevant effective parameter in our analytical approach. It can be understood as a renormalization of thenoise intensity, which incorporates the influence of the three parameters of the noise @remember that C(0); s2/ld#. The white noise intensity is trivially recovered for t!0 leading to the well-known Stratonovich contribution, and the deter- ministic limit is obtained as s2!0,t!‘,o rl!‘. The behavior of t0andCR(0) as a function of the noise parameters will help us in the interpretations and predictionsrelevant to the phenomena in noisy excitable systems re-ported in the following sections. III. NOISE-INDUCED EXCITABILITY TRANSITIONS Quite diverse are the wave propagation phenomenologies that can be found in spatially extended active media. In thissection we focus on the most paradigmatic examples, i.e.,single front propagation ~either with or without free ends !, spiral waves or target patterns. Our goal at this point is toshow that external distributed fluctuations can be effectivelyused to tune the global excitability properties of the medium,and in turn modify the conditions under which the differentregimes of wave propagation are observed.Although such aneffect will naturally depend on the different parameters of thefluctuations, i.e, their intensity and length and time correla-tions, we will restrict ourselves in this section to the consid-eration of noncorrelated, neither temporal nor spatial, noise.In this way, we hope to stress the generic nature of what wehave called noise-induced excitability transitions and, at thesame time, focus on the role of the fluctuation intensity as FIG. 2. Parameters of the effective model Eqs.~23!–~25!vs the temporal correlation of the noise ( t). In this and following figures, the sym- bols s.u. and t.u. correspond, respectively, to thedimensionless spatial and temporal units used forthe model in Eq. ~1!. Parameter values are a 50.7,b50.1, e50.02,D51,C(0)50.004, C9(0)520.8, and t050.0047 t.u.S. ALONSO, F. SAGUE´S, AND J. M. SANCHO PHYSICAL REVIEW E 65066107 066107-4" 268 W4319965899.pdf 1 "Remote Sens. 2023 ,15, 962 2 of 13 explains the relationship between image intensity and the motion of a structure. It is suitable for cases in which there are no artificial targets, and can result in full-field mode shapes. The phase-based approach [ 11] is used to rapidly recover the displacements from the phase space of the images. Compared to the optical-flow-based method, the phase-based approach is frequently more resilient to noise and disturbances. In practice, the long-term monitored structure is usually subjected to ambient exci- tation only, so its vibration is slight [ 12]. Conventionally, for the measurement of small- amplitude dynamic response caused by environmental excitation, the accelerometers are mounted on the structure to get the structure’s acceleration response, and then several ap- proaches, such as the combination of natural excitation technique (NExT) and eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) and the stochastic subspace identification technique (SSI), are used to determine the structure’s modal parameters. However, the accelerometers must be installed on the structure ahead of time, which is costly and inconvenient if the sensors installation is difficult. For a vision-based approach, which does not require installation of sensors, the natural frequencies of the structure can be approximately evaluated by Fourier transform, but it is difficult to quantify the mode shapes, since the extracted dynamic responses by vision-based technique usually have insufficient accuracy. As a result, the critical challenge in vision-based mode shape identification of structures subject to ambient excitation is to improve the noise resistance and robustness in low-level vibration signals. Motion magnification has been proposed [ 13] recently to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in low-amplitude vibrations. However, motion magnification (video magnification) technology employed to preprocess the source footage necessitates a significant amount of storage space. A hybrid identification method combining a high-speed camera with accelerometers was proposed [ 14] to increase the estimate accuracy of mode shapes [ 15]. Nevertheless, this approach will lose its universality if the structure is not appropriate for mounting accelerometers. This paper presents a novel signal processing algorithm for the vision-based method to identify mode shapes of structures with small amplitude vibration. Lab-scale experimental tests on a cantilever beam showed that with the proposed signal processing algorithm, the first two mode shapes can be accurately extracted even if the displacement amplitude is as low as 0.01 mm (0.06 pixel) whereas without the proposed signal reconstruction they can only be identified if the displacement amplitude is higher than 0.06 mm (0.3 pixel). The proposed algorithm also performed well for a variety of focal lengths and object distances. Compared to other motion amplification methods, the suggested approach shows the benefits of a shorter operation time and less storage space by processing the extracted displacement directly rather than applying amplification to the source video to speed up modal identification. The framework of the vision-based dynamic response extraction and modal identification method is summarized as follows. First, the template matching method, in conjunction with subpixel methodologies, is used to extract the displacements at different points on the targeted structure. Then the proposed signal processing algorithm is adopted to reconstruct the displacement and acceleration. Finally, the mode shapes of the targeted structure can be evaluated by NexT-ERA approach. 2. Theoretical Background 2.1. Dynamic Response Extraction Based on Template Matching at the Subpixel Level Figure 1 shows the illustration of vision-based displacement measurement; the targets should be pre-positioned on the structure, and the position of each target in the source image can be determined by template matching to calculate the time history of displacement of each target." 269 W4285576944.pdf 12 "32 Jiménez-Ortiz, Sánchez-Cardona, & Pérez-Pedrogo, Evaluar, 2020, 20(3), 20-33 self-sexualization. SAGE Open, 9 (2), 1-14. doi: 10.1177/2158244019848905 IBM Corporation. (2013). SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 22). 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Objectification theory and psychology of women: A decade of advances and future directions. Psycholo - gy of Women Quarterly, 32 (4), 377-398. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00452.x Moradi, B., & Varnes, J. R. (2017). Structure of the Ob - jectified Body Consciousness Scale: Reevaluated 20 years later. Sex Roles, 77 (5-6), 325-337. doi: 10.1007/s11199-016-0731-x Moya-Garófano, A., Megías, J. L., Rodríguez-Bailón, R., & Moya, M. (2017). Spanish version of the Objec - tified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS): Results from two samples of female university students. Revista de Psicología Social, 32 (2), 362-394. doi: 10.1080/02134748.2017.1292700 Noll, S. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). A mediational model linking self-objectification, body shame, and disordered eating. Psychology of Women Quarter -ly, 22(4), 623-636. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1998. tb00181.x Roberts, T.-A., Calogero, R. M., & Gervais, S. J. (2018). Objectification theory: Continuing contributions to feminist psychology. In C. B. Travis, J. W. White, A. Rutherford, W. S. Williams, S. L. Cook & K. F. Wyche (Eds.), AP A handbooks in psychology®. AP A handbook of the psychology of women: History, theory, and battlegrounds (pp. 249-271). Washing - ton, DC. American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/0000059-013 Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Correction to test sta - tistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variables analysis: Applications for developmental research (pp. 399-419). Sage Publications. Schaefer, L. M., Burke, N. L., Calogero, R. M., Menzel, J. E., Krawczyk, R., & Thompson, J. K. (2018). Self-objectification, body shame, and disordered eating: Testing a core mediational model of objec - tification theory among White, Black, and Hispanic women. Body Image, 24 , 5-12 doi: 10.1016/j.body - im.2017.10.005 Steer, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2008). The role of self-objec - tification in women’s sexual functioning. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27 (3), 205-225. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2008.27.3.205 Szymanski, D. M., Moffitt, L. B., & Carr, E. R. (2010). Sexual objectification of women: Advances to the - ory and research 1ψ7. The Counseling Psychologist, 39(1), 6-38. doi: 10.1177/0011000010378402 Tiggemann, M., & Andrew, R. (2012). Clothes make a dif - ference: The role of self-objectification. Sex Roles, 66(9-10), 646-654. doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-0085-3 Tiggemann, M., & Kuring, J. K. (2004). The role of body objectification in disordered eating and depressed mood. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43 (3), 299-311. doi: 10.1348/0144665031752925 Veldhuis, J., Alleva, J. M., Bij de Vaate, A. J. D. (Nadia), Keijer, M., & Konijn, E. A. (2020). Me, my selfie, and I: The relations between selfie behaviors, body" 270 W2900513586.pdf 0 "https://doi.org/10.1177/2324709618812196Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports Volume 6: 1–4 © 2018 American Federation for Medical Research DOI: 10.1177/2324709618812196 journals.sagepub.com/home/hic Creative Commons CC BY: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).Case Report Introduction Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threaten- ing condition. It belongs to the hemophagocytic lymphohis-tiocytosis (HLH) group of diseases, which includes familial HLH and secondary HLH. Secondary HLH is triggered by several causes that disrupt immune homeostasis, which includes infection, drugs, rheumatic disorder, and malig-nancy. HLH is characterized by proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes and macrophages, which causes an exces-sive inflammatory response and hypersecretion of cytokines. Clinically, patients usually present with prolonged fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, liver function abnormal-ities, hyperferritinemia, and coagulopathy. 1 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder that involves multiple visceral organs. In adults, MAS is rarely associated with SLE 2 the incidence of MAS associated with SLE is about 0.9% to 4.6%.3,4 In this article, we report a case of MAS that occurred as the first manifestation of SLE. Case Presentation A previously healthy 26-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted due to high fever with rash for 2 days. The fever and rash started after lamotrigine was started for her bipolar disorder 1 week ago. However, on further questioning, she also had history of alopecia, arthritis, and oral ulcers inter - mittently. Her past medical history was unremarkable for rheumatic disease, severe infections, or immunodeficiency. Her family history was also negative for rheumatic disease. On admission, vital signs were normal except for the tem-perature of 101.5°F. On physical examination, she had dif-fuse erythematous maculopapular non-itchy rashes over her face and chest without mucocutaneous involvement. Since she complained of the rashes after starting the new medica-tion, we initially treated her as an allergic reaction to the new drug with diphenhydramine and methylprednisolone. How-ever, she continued to have fever spikes along with worsening of her rash. Laboratory results showed white blood cells 1.7 × 10 9/L, absolute neutrophils 1.51 × 103/µL, absolute lymphocytes 0.08 × 103/µL, hemoglobin 10.3 g/dL, platelets 138 000 µL, aspartate transaminase 57 U/L, alanine transaminase 19 U/L, triglycerides level 266 mg/dL, fibrinogen 273 mg/dL, ferritin level 16911 ng/mL (normal = 13-150 ng/mL), and elevated 812196 HICXXX10.1177/2324709618812196Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case ReportsPoudel et al case-report 2018 2018 1State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA 2Interfaith Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Received July 3, 2018. Revised September 24, 2018. Accepted September 29, 2018. Corresponding Author: Pooja Poudel, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams, Syracuse, NY 13210-2306, USA. Email: poojapoudel112@gmail.comA Rare Case of Macrophage Activation Syndrome Presenting as the First Manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pooja Poudel, MBBS1, Thein Swe, MD2, and Sheetal Rayancha, MD1 Abstract Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) itself is a rare, potentially life-threatening complication of a rheumatic disease, mostly seen in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It infrequently occurs in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and it is extremely rare to be the first presentation of SLE. In a study of 511 patients with SLE, 7 cases (1.4%) of MAS were identified. In all the cases, MAS was simultaneous to the presentation of SLE in this article, we report a case of a patient with MAS who presented with fever, rash, and high ferritin level up to 16911 ng/mL. A high degree of suspicion is required that high fever and rash can be clues to MAS. Early diagnosis is necessary since mortality rates remain high for untreated cases. Keywords MAS, SLE" 271 W4307358136.pdf 7 "Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022 ,23, 12988 8 of 18 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 12988  8 of 19     (Figure 5). The rise period was found to be 15 min for Bolokhovo  and 20 for Novomos ‐ kovsk; the difference  may stem from a longer maturation  time of Novomoskovsk,  which  is consistent  with a larger burst size.    Figure 6. Growth dynamics  of Novomoskovsk  and Bolokhovo  on B. pumilus AVS‐01. (a) Adsorption   assay, (b) one‐step growth curve assay.  2.6. Thermal and pH Stability of Phages  Phage stability was assessed  at different  temperatures  and pH values. Both phages  remained  viable in a broad range of temperatures  and pH values. Bolokhovo  remained   stable (109 PFU/mL)  at pH values ranging from 4 to 11, and at temperatures  ranging from  4 °C to 50 °C (Figure 7a,c); whereas at 60 °C, the phage titer dropped  significantly  (106  PFU/mL).  Novomoskovsk  remained  stable (109 PFU/mL)  at temperatures  ranging from 4 °C to 60 °C and pH values from 4 to 10 (Figure 7b,d).    Figure 7. Thermal and pH stability of the Bolokhovo  and Novomoskovsk  phages. (a,b) Thermal  stability diagrams;  (c,d) pH stability diagrams.  The results are expressed  as the mean ± standard   deviation  for three replicates.   Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 12988  8 of 19     (Figure 5). The rise period was found to be 15 min for Bolokhovo  and 20 for Novomos ‐ kovsk; the difference  may stem from a longer maturation  time of Novomoskovsk,  which  is consistent  with a larger burst size.    Figure 6. Growth dynamics  of Novomoskovsk  and Bolokhovo  on B. pumilus AVS‐01. (a) Adsorption   assay, (b) one‐step growth curve assay.  2.6. Thermal and pH Stability of Phages  Phage stability was assessed  at different  temperatures  and pH values. Both phages  remained  viable in a broad range of temperatures  and pH values. Bolokhovo  remained   stable (109 PFU/mL)  at pH values ranging from 4 to 11, and at temperatures  ranging from  4 °C to 50 °C (Figure 7a,c); whereas at 60 °C, the phage titer dropped  significantly  (106  PFU/mL).  Novomoskovsk  remained  stable (109 PFU/mL)  at temperatures  ranging from 4 °C to 60 °C and pH values from 4 to 10 (Figure 7b,d).    Figure 7. Thermal and pH stability of the Bolokhovo  and Novomoskovsk  phages. (a,b) Thermal  stability diagrams;  (c,d) pH stability diagrams.  The results are expressed  as the mean ± standard   deviation  for three replicates.   Figure 7. Thermal and pH stability of the Bolokhovo and Novomoskovsk phages. ( a,b) Thermal stability diagrams; ( c,d) pH stability diagrams. The results are expressed as the mean standard deviation for three replicates. 2.7. Divergence and Domain Organisation of Novomoskovsk and Bolokhovo Depolymerases Negative colonies of Novomoskovsk and Bolokhovo are surrounded by halos (Figure 1a). Such halos may occur because of the degradation of bacterial mucus mediated by soluble forms of phage depolymerases [ 47–49]. Due to a smaller size, the enzymes diffuse in soft agar faster than bacteriophages; therefore, they can digest bacterial cap- sules that have not been affected by phage endolysins or tail depolymerases [ 31]. Both Novomoskovsk and Bolokhovo encode depolymerases of the Pectin_lyas_fold superfamily (InterPro code: IPR012334) (gp28 and gp31 in the Bolokhovo and Novomoskovsk genomes, respectively) (Supplementary Figures S1 and S2). Gp28 contains a Pectate_lyase_SF_prot domain (IPR024535) in its N-terminal part and a Beta_helix domain (IPR039448) at the C-terminus, while Gp31 only has a Beta helix domain in its C-terminal region. Pectinlyase-like sequences and beta-helices are typical for phage depolymerases described in other studies [ 30,31,47,50,51]. A BLASTp alignment of the putative depolymerases of Bolokhovo and Novomoskovsk revealed that the proteins are 29.73% identical to each other, the coverage being 99%. An HHpred analysis revealed that both Gp28 and Gp31 have homologs among the domains and proteins of the Pectinlyase- like superfamily (SCOPe ID: b.80.1) [ 52]. For instance, HHpred probability values of 99% were obtained in the alignments of both proteins with the rhamnogalacturonase A of Aspergillus aculeatus (SCOPe ID: d1rmga_), suggesting that Gp28 and Gp31, though highly divergent in sequence, are structurally and functionally homologous. The Maximum Likelihood phylogram inferred from the multiple alignment of Gp28, Gp31 and different endolysins and depolymerases of the members of Andromedavirus is shown in Figure 8. Significantly diverged from one another, Gp28 and Gp31 fall into different clades. The two proteins being so divergent, it is reasonable to expect them to differ considerably in their key characteristics, such as affinity to bacterial glycocalyx." 272 W3215316879.pdf 13 "Page 14 of 14 Stangler et al. Fluids and Barriers of the CNS (2021) 18:52 • fast, convenient online submission • thorough peer review by experienced researchers in your field • rapid publication on acceptance • support for research data, including large and complex data types • gold Open Access which fosters wider collaboration and increased citations maximum visibility for your research: over 100M website views per year • At BMC, research is always in progress. 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Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in pub - lished maps and institutional affiliations." 273 W4221015550.pdf 2 "Zhao et al. Role of LC_GidA in L. capsiciFrontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 3 March 2022 | Volume 13 | Article 840792derivative strains were grown at 28 °C in nutrient broth (NB) medium or on NA (NB with 1.5% agar) medium. Transformants from the first crossover for the LC_GidA knockout were cultured on NBN (NB without 1% sucrose) or NAN (NBN with 1.5% agar) medium. Transformants bearing the second crossover were plated on NAS (NAN plus 10% sucrose) medium ( Zou et  al., 2011 ). All bacterial strains were incubated at 28°C. Escherichia coli strains were cultured in Luria-Bertani (LB) or LB plus 1.5% agar plates at 37 °C. When necessary, the media were supplemented with the antibiotic ampicillin (Amp, 50 μg/ml), kanamycin (Km, 50 μg/ml), or gentamicin (Gm, 50 μg/ml), depending on the strains used. Construction of the LC_GidA Deletion Mutant and Its Complemented Strain The LC_GidA mutant was generated from the wild-type X2-3 strain by allelic homologous recombination. Briefly, two LC_GidA flanking regions were amplified by PCR using the primer pairs up F/R and down F/R ( Table  1 ). The upstream and downstream PCR products were digested with Bam HI and HindIII, respectively. The digested fragments were ligated into the suicide vector pKMS1 ( Table  1 ) to obtain the recombinant plasmid pKMS1-AB ( Zou et  al., 2011 ). The plasmid was transformed into X2-3 by electroporation. The LC_GidA mutant MT16 was obtained after two recombination events and confirmed by PCR and sequencing of the PCR products. The fragment harboring the intact LC_GidA gene, which was amplified by PCR using the primers gidA F and gidA R (Table  1 ), was cloned into the expression vector pBBR1-MCS5 (Table  1 ) at the EcoRI and Bam HI site, resulting in the recombinant plasmid pBBR1- gidA , and then pBBR1- gidA was transformed into the mutant MT16 by electroporation (1.8 KV , 200 Ω, and 25 μF). The complemented mutant strain Com-16 was selected on NA plates with gentamycin ( Kovach et al., 1994 ). Growth Curve Determination The X2-3, MT16, and Com-16 strains were grown for 24 h at 28°C in NA medium and then inoculated into NB medium to OD 600 = 1.0. The cultures were diluted 1:100 into NB medium. The strains were incubated at 28 °C for 48 h with shaking at 180 rpm, and bacterial growth was examined every 4 h (Rehl et  al., 2013 ). Motility Assay The motility assay was performed as previously described (Rashid and Kornberg, 2000 ; Tomada et  al., 2016 ). To test twitching motility, bacteria were grown for 24 h in NA medium at 28°C, and 3 μl of the bacterial cultures at a normalized OD 600 were added to NYGB medium (0.6% agar) plates. The diameters of the areas occupied by the bacterial cells were measured after 3 days. Biofilm Formation Assay The crystal violet technique was used to analyze the attachment of the different strains to an abiotic surface. The X2-3, MT16, and Com-16 strains were cultured in NB medium and adjusted to OD 600 = 1. The cultures were diluted 1:100 into a glass tube containing 10 ml of NB medium supplemented with 1% sucrose or glucose. Then, the glass tubes were incubated at 28 °C for 3 days with shaking at 180 rpm. The growth medium was removed, and the tubes were washed three times with sterile distilled water. Then, the glass tubes were stained with a 0.2% crystal violet solution for 10 min. The unbound crystal violet was removed, and the tubes were washed three times with sterile distilled water. Crystal violet was extracted with absolute ethanol, and the absorbance was measured at 575 nm ( Zhang et  al., 2018 ). Pellicle Formation All Lysobacter strains obtained throughout the study were tested for their ability to produce biofilms, which were visualized as floating pellicle at the air–broth interface that completely blocked the surface of the culture and could not be  dispersed by shaking. The X2-3, MT16, and Com-16 strains were grown in glass test tubes containing NB medium (with 1% sucrose or 1% glucose) at 28 °C for 5 days without shaking ( Latasa et  al., 2012 ). Root Colonization Assay Seven-day-old plants were collected, and the roots were cut into 1.5 cm segments. Fragments of uniform shape and size were placed into 96-well microtiter plate. Two hundred microliters of bacterial culture with an OD 600 = 1.0 was added to the wells, and the plates were incubated at 28 °C for 3 days. After the incubation period, the roots were removed from the cultures, washed with sterile water, and then added to 1 ml sterile water. The bacteria on the root surface were removed and dispersed in sterile water by shaking. One hundred microliters of the dispersed preparation was plated on NA agar and counted after 5 days ( Tariq et  al., 2014 ). The plasmid pBBR1- gfp was transformed into the X2-3, MT16, and Com-16 strains by electroporation, and the transformants were selected on NA plates with gentamycin. The treatment was the same as above. To view the colonization of L. capsici X2-3- gfp, MT16- gfp, and Com-16- gfp on the root surfaces, the roots were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope system (Zeiss LSM 800, Carl Zeiss AG, Jena, Germany) with an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. Images of at least 12 roots were obtained for each treatment ( Liu et  al., 2020 ). Stress Tolerance Assays The bacterial strains were diluted 1:100 into NB medium, and experiments were conducted to test the OD 600 under five environmental stresses. Stress treatments were applied as follows: for UV radiation, the cells were exposed to shortwave UV radiation (254 nm in a biological safety cabinet) at a distance of 60 cm for 45 min. For salt stress, NaCl was added to the bacterial cultures at final concentrations of 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35 mol/L ( Li et al., 2014 ). For temperature stress, the cultures were incubated at 37 and 42 °C with shaking at 180 rpm. Resistance against H 2O2 was determined as described previously" 274 W4317825069.pdf 2 "Jurnal Kajian Matematika dan Aplikasinya Vol. 2 No. 2 Tahun 2021 Pemodelani Klaim Asuransi … Azizah 9 Dalam kerangka analisis Bayesian, parameter diperlakukan sebagai variabel acak. Keacakan parameter bukan berasal dari hasil suatu eksperimen yang berbeda-beda. Keacakan parameter terkait dengan distribusi peluang subyektif yang menggambarkan pengetahuan seseorang tentang parameter tersebut. Hal ini berbeda dengan konsep parameter yang nilainya tetap didalam teori statistik klasik sehingga parameter tidak memiliki distribusi peluang, atau dapat dikatakan parameter memiliki suatu nilai pasti tetapi belum diketahui (klugman dkk, 2004). Simulasi Markov Chain Monte Carlo Suatu proses stokastik <𝑋(,𝑋&,𝑋),….𝑋#,….> memiliki sifat Markov, jika distribusi peubah acak 𝑋#-& bersyarat pada 𝑋(,𝑋&,𝑋),….𝑋# adalah sama dengan distribusi 𝑋#-&bersyarat pada 𝑋# saja. Suatu proses dengan sifat Markov tersebut dinamakan proses Markov. Jika ruang keadaan pada proses markov tersebut terhitung, maka proses Markov tersebut dapat dinyatakan sebagai rantai Markov. Markov Chain Monte Carlo adalah suatu metode untuk membangkitkan variable acak yang didasarkan pada rantai markov. Metode ini berkaitan dengan estimasi parameter pada inferensi Bayesian. Konsep utama dalam MCMC adalah membuat sampel pendekatan dari distribusi posterior parameter, dengan membangkitkan sebuah rantai Markov yang memiliki distribusi limit mendekati distribusi posterior parameter (Meyers, 2015). Dengan MCMC akan diperoleh suatu barisan sampel acak yang berkorelasi, yakni nilai ke-j dari barisan Uj disampling dari suatu distribusi peluang yang bergantung pada nilai sebelumnya. Distribusi eksak dari (Uj) umumnya tidak diketahui, namun distribusi pada setiap iterasi dalam barisan nilai sampel tersebut akan konvergen pada distribusi yang sesungguhnya untuk nilai t yang cukup besar. Oleh karena itu, jika ukuran sampel yang diperbaharui cukup besar maka kelompok terakhir dari nilai yang disampling dalam barisan tersebut akan mendekati sebuah sampel yang berasal dari distribusi yang diinginkan. Gibbs Sampling adalah salah satu algoritma yang terdapat dalam simulasi MCMC. Konsep utama dalam Gibbs sampling adalah menemukan bentuk distribusi bersyarat univariat dimana dalam distribusi tersebut memuat semua variable random dengan satu variabel yang akan ditentukan nilainya. Gibbs sampling memerlukan distribusi bersyarat penuh (full conditional distribution) dari tiap- tiap variabel. Pada Gibbs sampling semua simulasi adalah univariat dan semua sampel hasil simulasi diterima. Gibar sampling bisa diterapkan apabila distribusi probabilitas bersama (joint probability distribution) tidak diketahui secara eksplisit, tetapi distribusi bersyarat penuh (full conditional distribution) dari tiap-tiap variabel diketahui. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data banyak klaim pada asuransi kompensasi tenaga kerja. Data dibagi dalam tiga grup polis dan lima tahun polis. Tabel 1. Data Simulasi Grup 1 Grup 2 Grup 3 Tahun Gaji (dalam puluhan ribu) Banyak Klaim Gaji (dalam puluhan ribu) Banyak Klaim Gaji (dalam puluhan ribu) Banyak Klaim 1 269 9 265 7 2 315 7 255 3 135 7 3 275 6 230 3 125 2 4 320 13 285 7 115 3 5 ? ? 275 ? 105 ?" 275 W4283747106.pdf 4 "Stage-strati fied gametocyte populations were produced here at low cost from a single parasite line and, in contrast to previousprotocols, required minimal manipulation and no additional purification or enrichment steps. Our gametocyte populations were viable as measured with live-dead staining ( Figure 2C ) without any detectable morphological abnormalities.Additionally, mature gametoc ytes produced in this manner were fully functional and able to produce high numbers ofexflagellating male gametes (15 –20 ex flagellation centers per field, 16 fields counted, average of 184.8 ± 56.7 total exflagellation centers per experiment; Figure 2D ), comparable to previous work (13 –50 ex flagellation centers per field) ( Delves et al., 2013 ). Evaluating Gametocytocidal Action on Different Stages of Gametocytes T h ei m m a t u r ea n dm a t u r eg a m e tocyte populations produced a b o v ew e r es u b s e q u e n t l yu s e dt o evaluate gametocytocidal action of compounds by detecting differences in luciferasesignal after a 48 h incubation period. This signal remaineddetectable in the NF54- Pfs1 6 - G F P - l u cl i n eu s e dt op r o d u c et h e different stages of gametocytes for more than 10 generations (Figure S3 ). Luciferase expression could be detected throughout gametocytogenesis ( Figure 3A )b u tw a s expectedly higher in immatu re gametocytes compared to mature gametocytes, as this is associated with Pfs16 promotor activity that is higher in the immature stages but still active inmature stages ( Bruce et al., 1994 ;Van Biljon et al., 2019 ). For both the immature and mature gametocytes, a linearrelationship between gametocyte numbers and luciferase expression was present ( R 2[immature] = 0.9991 and R2 [mature] = 0.9927; Figures 3B, C ) with sensitive detection of signal in as little as ~3,000 gametocytes per well (in a 96-well format) for both immature and mat ure gametocytes. Saturation in the luciferase readout could not be observed at even thehighest cell count tested (15 × 10 3immature gametocytes and ~50 × 103mature gametocytes per well), similar to previous reports with luciferase expression ( D'alessandro et al., 2016 ). Overall assay performance indic ated high reproducibility with Z′-factors of 0.83 ± 0.02 (immature gametocyte assay; n = 81) and 0.84 ± 0.02 (mature gametocyte assay, n = 50) routinelyobtained ( Figures 3D, E ). To benchmark and validate the use of the stage-strati fied gametocytes produced in gametocytocidal assays, a set of 12known antimalarial compounds were evaluated against both immature and mature gametocytes and compared to published data ( Table S1 ). The gametocytocidal activity of the compounds against our immature gametocyte population strongly correlatedwith that previously observed for both stage II (Pearson R 2= 0.98) and stage III gametocytes (Pearson R2= 0.82; Figure 4A ) (Plouffe et al., 2016 ) supporting the prevalence of stage II/III gametocytes in our immature gametocyte population and the absence of stage IV gametocytes (Pearson R2= 0.48 with stage IV gametocytocidal action as reported ( Plouffe et al., 2016 )). Moreover, the gametocytocidal action of the compoundsagainst immature gametocytes correlated weakly (Pearson R 2= 0.55; Figure 4B ) with their activity against ABS parasites. Particularly, pyrimethamine and atovaquone that are potent ABS actives have no (>5,000 nM) activity against immature AB D C FIGURE 2 | Morphological stage distribution and viability con firmation of immature and mature gametocytes. Quanti fication of the stage distribution of (A)immature gametocytes indicated at >80% enrichment to stage II/III gametocytes and (B)>90% stage V mature gametocytes on the day of assay. N > 30 individual exp, ~500 red blood cell counted/exp ± S.E. (C)Hydroethidine-stained confocal images con firmed the viability of untreated gametocytes and the “dead ”phenotype observed following DHA treatment on both immature and mature gametocytes (at 1× IC 50of 20 nM and 5 µM, respectively). Magni fication, ×1,000. (D)Viability of mature gametocytes was further evaluated by con firming male ex flagellation before initiating any assays (N > 25, ± S.E.). MB, methylene blue (10 µM) treated gametocytes; UT, untreated gametocytes.Reader et al. Malaria Gametocyte Drug Screening Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org June 2022 | Volume 12 | Article 926460 5" 276 W2763286043.pdf 0 "* Corresponding author: mtgencoglu23@gmail.com Cryptanalysis of Application of Laplace Transform for Cryptography Muharrem Tuncay GENÇOĞLU* Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Abstract . Although Laplace Transform is a good application field in the design of cryptosystems, many cryptographic algorithm proposals become unsatisfactory for secure communication. In this cryptanalysis study, one of the significant disadvantages of the proposed algorithm is performed with only statistical test of security analysis. In this study, Explaining what should be considered when performing security analysis of Laplace Transform based encryption systems and using basic mathematical rules, password has broken without knowing secret key. Under the skin; This study is a refutation for the article titled Application of Laplace Transform for Cryptography written by Hiwerakar[3]. Keywords: Laplace Transform; Cryptography; Cryptanalysis; A general attack scenari o. ITM Web of Conferences 13, 01009 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/itmconf/20171301009 CMES2017 © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)." 277 W576304626.pdf 1 "102 Uroš Stepišnik / Dela 41 ● 2014 ● 101–1151. INTRODUCTION The Dinaric Alps are one of the largest contiguous mountain belts of the European part of the Eurasian orogen, with a total length of 645 km and a width of approximately 150 km. They are positioned between the Pannonian Basin in the northeast and the Adriatic Sea in the southwest. The Dinaric Alps are separated into different natural belts in which morphol-ogy is strongly influenced by differences in lithology. Inland, non-carbonate rocks hosting fluvial relief prevail, while the central and outer belts are formed mostly of limestone and dolomite – therefore karst landscape prevails. Characteristic forms associated with the karst area of the Dinaric Alps are extensive mountains, large levelled corrosion plains and intra-montane basins which host poljes (Mihevc, 2010). Whole surface is dissected by smaller karst features such as uvalas, dolines, canyons, dry valleys and collapse dolines. Poljes are the largest enclosed depressions in karst. Their size distinguishes them from other depressions, as do their large flat floors. There are about 130 poljes in the Dinaric karst region (Gams, 1978). Most of them are elongated along the strike of the Dinaric Alps which runs in a northwest–southeast direction, as most of them developed along regional fault lines, graben structures or overthrusts. Figure 1: Location of the study areaSlika 1: Lega preučevanega območja Dela_41_notranjost_FINAL.indd 102 6.1.2015 10:12:13" 278 W4387617977.pdf 4 "Molecules 2023 ,28, 7076 5 of 20 +2 and determine the formation of a palladium complex in the sample [ 69,70]. Figure 3B shows a C 1s spectrum, and the major peak at about 284.5 eV can be attributed to the sp2-hybridized carbon atoms present in the MWCNT backbone [ 71]. A peak at 285.2 eV relates to sp3C–C bonds, typical for MWCNTs. The peaks at 286.4, 287.7, 289.4, and 291.0 eV correspond to C–O bonds, C=O carbonyl groups, O–C=O carboxyl groups, and –*, respectively [ 71–73]. Figure 3C shows the deconvoluted peaks of O 1s at 532.5 eV and 533.9 eV , attributed to C=O and C–O–H groups, respectively. [ 56,57,74]. Moreover, a peak at 168.4 eV , which refers to S 2p, was recorded in the spectrum (Figure 3D). It indicates the presence of oxidized sulfur from the sulfonic group, typical for lignosulfonate [56,57]. Molecules 2023 , 28, 7076 5 of 21 tion of these two peaks and their characteristic s indicate the presence of palladium in the formal oxidation state +2 and determine the formation of a palladium complex in the sample [69,70]. Figure 3B shows a C 1s spectrum, and the major peak at about 284.5 eV can be attributed to the sp2-hybridized carbon atoms present in the MWCNT backbone [71]. A peak at 285.2 eV relates to sp3 C–C bonds, typical for MWCNTs. The peaks at 286.4, 287.7, 289.4, and 291.0 eV correspon d to C–O bonds, C=O carbonyl groups, O–C=O carboxyl groups, and π–π*, respectively [71–73]. Figure 3C shows the deconvoluted peaks of O 1s at 532.5 eV and 533.9 eV , attributed to C=O and C–O–H groups, respective- ly. [56,57,74]. Moreover, a peak at 168.4 eV , which refers to S 2p, was recorded in the spectrum (Figure 3D). It indicates the pres ence of oxidized sulfur from the sulfonic group, typical for lignosulfonate [56,57]. Figure 3. XPS spectrum recorded for MWCN T/LS/NPd hybrid material: ( A) Pd 3d, ( B) C 1s, ( C) O 1s, and ( D) S 2p. 2.2. Physicochemical Analysis of MWCNT/LS/NPd The study of the morphology of palladium nanoparticles on the lignosulfonate- coated carbon nanotubes was performed using AFM microscopy. Figure 4 shows the AFM picture with cross-sections and 3D visualization for MWCNT/LS/NPd. The average value of the diameter of the developed material in the cross-section is about 70.69 ± 7.77 nm, which indicates good coverage of the MWCNT surface by LS and numerous Pd nanostructures. Compared to the average cr oss-sectional diameters of pure MWCNTs (39.25 ± 3.74 nm) and MWCNT/LS (48.20 ± 7.42 nm) presented in our previous work [57], it is concluded that the synthesis effectively resulted in a modified MWCNT/LS/NPd hybrid material with a differentiated surf ace area. Nanostructured palladium seems to be uniformly dispersed throughout the composit e. Metallic objects in the form of spheri- cal particles have been detected within the MWCNT/LS matrix. Moreover, the rough surface of the MWCNT/LS/NPd can be observed. The average roughness of the material is 2.62 ± 1.21 nm and is much higher than the average roughness of pristine MWCNTs Figure 3. XPS spectrum recorded for MWCNT/LS/NPd hybrid material: ( A) Pd 3d, ( B) C 1s, ( C) O 1s, and ( D) S 2p. 2.2. Physicochemical Analysis of MWCNT/LS/NPd The study of the morphology of palladium nanoparticles on the lignosulfonate-coated carbon nanotubes was performed using AFM microscopy. Figure 4 shows the AFM picture with cross-sections and 3D visualization for MWCNT/LS/NPd. The average value of the diameter of the developed material in the cross-section is about 70.69 7.77 nm, which indicates good coverage of the MWCNT surface by LS and numerous Pd nanostructures. Compared to the average cross-sectional diameters of pure MWCNTs ( 39.253.74 nm ) and MWCNT/LS (48.20 7.42 nm) presented in our previous work [ 57], it is concluded that the synthesis effectively resulted in a modified MWCNT/LS/NPd hybrid material with a differ- entiated surface area. Nanostructured palladium seems to be uniformly dispersed through- out the composite. Metallic objects in the form of spherical particles have been detected within the MWCNT/LS matrix. Moreover, the rough surface of the MWCNT/LS/NPd can be observed. The average roughness of the material is 2.621.21 nm and is much higher than the average roughness of pristine MWCNTs ( 0.300.07 nm ) and MWCNT/LS (1.490.60 nm ). This is due to the presence of multiple palladium structures deposited on the MWCNT/LS in the reduction process." 279 W4392342858.pdf 23 "Page 24 of 28 Lee et al. Int J Educ Technol High Educ (2024) 21:16 Future directions Based on the findings and limitations of this study, several directions for future research can be suggested. First, future studies can extend the scope of this study by investigat - ing the effects of the GCLA on other aspects of students’ learning, such as motivation, interest, satisfaction, and attitude. These aspects are also important for students’ learn - ing success and well-being, and can provide a more comprehensive picture of the impact of the GCLA. Second, future studies can explore the underlying mechanisms and factors that mediate or moderate the effects of the GCLA on students’ learning. For example, how does the GCLA influence students’ cognitive processes, metacognitive strategies, and affective states? How do students’ prior knowledge, learning styles, and preferences affect their use and perception of the GCLA? These questions can help to explain the reasons and conditions for the effectiveness of the GCLA, and provide more insights for its improvement and optimization. Third, future studies can compare the GCLA with other ChatGPT-based tools or interventions, such as those that provide different types or levels of feedback, scaffolding, or personalization. These comparisons can help to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the GCLA, and provide more evidence for its relative advantages and disadvantages. Acknowledgements We are extremely grateful to the research assistants and students who participated in this study. Author contributions H‑YL is the leader of this research, he is in charge of the research design, conducting teaching and learning experiment, data analysis. P ‑HC is responsible for assisting in the conduct of experiments and surveying related literature. W ‑SW is responsible for assisting in the conduct of experiments. Y ‑MH is responsible for designing research experiments, providing fundamental education theories and comments to this research, and he is also responsible for revising the manuscript. All authors spent more than 2 months to discuss and analyze the data. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript. T ‑TW is responsible for assisting in the conduct of experiments and surveying related literature and proofreading the manuscript. Funding This project was funded by the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), of the Republic of China under Con‑ tract numbers NSTC 110–2511‑H‑006–008‑MY3, NSTC 112–2410‑H‑006–053‑MY3. Availability of data and materials The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Declarations Competing interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Received: 8 November 2023 Accepted: 9 February 2024 References Abramski, K., Citraro, S., Lombardi, L., Rossetti, G., & Stella, M. (2023). Cognitive network science reveals bias in GPT ‑3, GPT ‑ 3.5 Turbo, and GPT ‑4 mirroring math anxiety in high‑school students. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 7(3), 124. https:// doi. org/ 10. 3390/ bdcc7 030124 Adeshola, I., & Adepoju, A. P . (2023). The opportunities and challenges of ChatGPT in education. Interactive Learning Environments. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1080/ 10494 820. 2023. 22538 58 Al‑Husban, N. A. (2020). Critical thinking skills in asynchronous discussion forums: A case study. International Journal of Technology in Education, 3(2), 82–91. Al Mamun, M. A., & Lawrie, G. (2023). Student ‑content interactions: Exploring behavioural engagement with self‑ regulated inquiry‑based online learning modules. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), 1. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1186/ s40561‑ 022‑ 00221‑x" 280 W2788601299.pdf 4 "of the MOOC. Data was fully de-identified prior to analysis. A total of 1156 people enrolled in the Dying2Learn MOOC with 895 (77.4%) subsequently participating in some content or activity in the MOOC. A total of 210 MOOC participants completed the MOOC evaluation activity in the final week, representing 18.2% of those who initially enrolled in the MOOC, and 23.5% of those who had commenced participation in the MOOC. Of these, 208 had matched data from both the enrolment and the final activity on death attitudes which allowed a pre-post assessment of change in death attitudes. Measures Socio-Demographic Background was collected through five questions at the point of MOOC enrolment. Partici- pants were asked to provide their age in years, and the gender they identify with (with 5 options of male, fe- male, Trans, other, or prefer not to disclose). Given the very small number of participants utilizing the latter 3 options ( n= 14), where gender was included in analyses it was dichotomized to compare males and females (with the remainder coded as missing). Regarding occupation, participants identified themselves on the dichotomous categorization as either a health professional or not a health professional. They were also asked to report their highest level of education they had completed based on a four-category ordinal scale adapted from the Austra- lian Bureau of Statistics 2016 census [ 23] (some high school, completed high school, trade school/equivalent, and university studies). For the purpose of analysis, edu- cation was also dichotomized to compare those with university qualifications to those without university qual- ifications. Participants ’4-digit Australian residential postcode was recorded if they lived in Australia, or alter- natively the name of the country they resided in if they were not located in Australia. For participants residing in Australia ( n= 1078), the Socio-Economic Index for Areas (SEIFA) Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disad- vantage (IRSD) corresponding to their residential post- code was assigned, which is based on 2011 census data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics [ 24]. The 2011 Census SEIFA Disadvantage Index ranks 2481 postal areas in Australia according to relative disadvantage. It summarizes a range of information about the economic and social conditions of people and households within each area. Scores based on the 2011 Census can range from 506.3 to 1155.5, with low scores indicating greater disadvantage in that area (i.e., many households with un- employment, low income, no qualifications, and low skilled occupations). Higher scores on the SEIFA Disad- vantage index indicate that the postal area has a relative lack of disadvantage (i.e., few households with un- employment, low incomes, no qualifications, and lowskilled occupations) [ 24]. In the present study, SEIFA Disadvantage scores ranged from 744 to 1155.5. Death Attitudes were measured with five items de- signed for the purpose of evaluating the impact of par- ticipation in the Dying2Learn MOOC, and were representative of the learning objectives of the MOOC. These items were presented both at enrolment (baseline) and at the end of the MOOC in a final activity (follow- up), to allow the assessment of change over time in death attitudes. Participants were asked to rate their level of agreement with five statements on a five-point Likert scale of ‘strongly disagree ’,‘disagree ’,‘not sure ’, ‘agree ’and ‘strongly agree ’. The statements (listed in Table 2) investigated attitudes towards death as a normal part of life, level of comfort in talking about death, and about how death and dying are presented in the main- stream media and social media. MOOC Satisfaction was measured with six items at the end of the MOOC in a final evaluation activity. The items were adapted from evaluations of courses/work- shops related to death and palliative care [ 25,26]. Partic- ipants were asked to respond to six statements on a five- point Likert scale from ‘strongly disagree ’to ‘strongly agree ’. This assessed opinions on whether: the MOOC was enjoyable; it met expectations; they would recom- mend it to others; they would feel comfortable talking about MOOC content to others; and the MOOC had given them a deeper understanding of death, and helped them gain insight into personal beliefs. MOOC Engagement metrics were automatically gener- ated by the OpenLearning MOOC platform, and were extracted from the platform after the closure of the MOOC. The total percentage of course progress gave an indicator of the level of engagement for each participant based on the overall proportion of all content pages accessed and activities completed. A count score on the total number of comments made throughout the MOOC was also provided. Statistical approach This study analyses data based on enrolment in the MOOC, MOOC engagement, and evaluation of the MOOC embedded in a final activity of the course. On completion of the MOOC, data extraction was facilitated by the team at OpenLearning, and was de-identified prior to data analyses. All analyses included a large sam- ple size (ranging from a minimum of n= 179 up to n= 1156), therefore providing adequate statistical power to the analyses. Descriptive statistics were produced for each variable (means and standard deviations for con- tinuous and ordinal variables, or proportions for cat- egorical variables). Chi-Square Tests of Independence were conducted to assess the extent of the relationship be- tween categorical variables. Socio-demographic variablesTieman et al. BMC Palliative Care (2018) 17:31 Page 5 of 16" 281 W2998252643.pdf 1 "169 Шибер, О.О.  Практики рекреаційного дозвілля у просторі «життєвого світу»Issues in Cultural Studies 2019 • 35 • 168-178CULTURAL PRACTICES ISSN 2410-1311 (Print) ISSN 2616-4264 (Online)Вступ Поняття життєвого світу нині широко використовується в культурологічних, соціологічних, філософських дослідженнях повсякденності, де дозвіллю та ре - креації як індивідуальному цінному, насамперед для індивіда, часу належить одна з провідних ролей. Водночас трансформаційні процеси, що відбуваються в сучасній Україні і пов’язані із впровадженням інформаційно-комунікативних, «високих» технологій, спричиняють «атомізацію» особистісного буття, сприяю - чи створенню «віртуального» образу повсякденної реальності – «віртуального життєвого світу». Ці зміни засвідчують розмивання меж між реальністю та ір - реальністю, де індивід, занурюючись у нові «правила гри» віртуального жит - тєвого світу, отримує й нові знання та досвід, які не завжди адекватно відобра - жають дійсність перебігу власного життя. Буденна свідомість та повсякденна реальність перестають опосередковуватися на раціональних схемах і розгорну - тих доказах як непотрібних атрибутах минулої епохи, спонукаючи до глибшого осмислення проблем сучасної гуманізації суспільства й людського буття. Прак - тики рекреаційного дозвілля в контексті «життєвого світу» людини техногенної цивілізації здатні забезпечити не тільки відновлення втрачених життєвих сил людини, а й сприяти її самореалізації та самовдосконаленню, досягти макси - мального синергетично-рекреаційного ефекту відновлення, гармонізації інтере - сів і потреб. Окремі аспекти дослідження категорії «життєвий світ» висвітлено в працях вітчизняних і зарубіжних науковців. Зокрема, Е. Гуссерль (2013) пов’язує «життєвий світ» зі світом повсякден - ності, який, у свою чергу, окреслює простір здорового глузду в межах соціаль - ної феноменології. А. Шюц (2004) у модусі «життєвого світу» визначає характе - ристики повсякденного життя і також робить припущення про конституювання і конструювання світу. Ю. Хабермас (2001), у свою чергу, трактує поняття «жит - тєвого світу» як «необхідний фон», «необхідний горизонт» комунікації тріади «суспільство – особистість – культура». Г. Жигунова (2015) розглядає категорію «життєвий світ» як одну з ключових характеристик соціального феномену – по- всякденності. «Життєвий світ» людини як сенсовий універсум культури дослі - джує вітчизняна вчена А. Залужна (2012); «життєвий світ» у контексті культурно- дозвіллєвої діяльності проаналізовано Є. Сидоровською (2018), однак мало - дослідженою залишається проблема ефективності освоєння рекреаційно- дозвіллєвими практиками в просторі життєвого світу людини, що й зумовлює актуальність вивчення даного концепту. Мета статті Визначити особливості реалізації практик рекреаційного дозвілля у просторі життєвого світу і з’ясувати ступінь ефективності їхнього освоєння. Методологія дослідження зумовлена необхідністю застосування культуро - логічного, мікросоціологічного та філософського підходів для аналізу сфери дозвілля і рекреації у рамках «життєвого світу». Мікросоціологічний підхід доз - воляє розглянути інтеракцію (рекреаційно-дозвіллєвої взаємодії індивідів) як ос - нови цілісності життєвого світу. Філософський – вплив виду і змісту рекреаційно-" 282 W4291123792.pdf 7 "5406 H. Suto et al.: TIR spectral radiance characterization for TANSO-FTS-2 onboard GOSAT-2 Figure 4. Comparing TANSO-FTS-2 with other sounders: coincident latitude and longitude map between TANSO-FTS-2 and AIRS/IASI/TANSO-FTS for SNO (a)and 2O-SONO (b). tures. The consistency between TANSO-FTS-2 and TANSO- FTS agrees in these regions. In other words, version v210210 of TANSO-FTS-2 products removes the low-temperature bi- ases, even though TANSO-FTS version v230231 still has lower temperature biases. Figure 6 presents the time series of the brightness temper- ature difference between TANSO-FTS-2 and IASI, between TANSO-FTS-2 and AIRS, and between TANSO-FTS-2 and TANSO-FTS for four spectral ranges, both versions v210210 and v102102. During winter in the Southern Hemisphere, the version v102102 products present negative values and large deviations due to seasonal variation, especially in the CO2and CH 4spectral ranges. Cold temperature scenes over Antarctica were selected as coincident observation locations. In contrast, version v210210 products suggest no seasonal variation except for a comparison with the first TANSO-FTS instrument. These plots also indicate that version v230231of TANSO-FTS products has a negative bias against cold scenes, observed over high-latitude coincident points. As a result of SNO, version v210210 of TANSO-FTS-2 products shows that the averaged bias is less than 0:3 K for all four ranges. In addition, the deviations against IASI and AIRS for the CO 2and CH 4spectral ranges are less than 0.3 and 0.5 K, respectively. These results suggest that the consistency for the CO 2and CH 4spectral ranges be- tween TANSO-FTS-2 and AIRS, between TANSO-FTS- 2 and IASI, is much improved. The comparison between TANSO-FTS-2 and TANSO-FTS shows a significant differ- ence for low-temperature scenes, but we have to conclude that version v230231 of the TANSO-FTS product has a chal- lenging issue at low temperatures, especially at high lati- tudes, for both CO 2and CH 4spectral ranges. Therefore, the calibration of the TIR band for TANSO-FTS will be up- dated in the next version of the level 1 product to improve Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5399–5413, 2022 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5399-2022" 283 W2949216407.pdf 11 "34. Boyle AP, Davis S, Shulha HP, Meltzer P, Margulies EH, Weng Z, Furey TS, Crawford GE. High-resolution mapping and characterization of open chromatin across the genome. Cell. 2008;132(2):311 –22. 35. Giresi PG, Lieb JD. Isolation of active regulatory elements from eukaryotic chromatin using FAIRE (formaldehyde assisted isolation of regulatory elements). Methods. 2009;48(3):233 –9. 36. Song L, Crawford GE. 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Copyright © 2021 Gajewski, Garbacz, Chang, Czerska, Durante, Krah, Krzempek, Kopec, Lin, Mojzeszek, Patera, Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, Rinaldi, Rydygier, Pluta,Scifoni, Skrzypek, Tommasino, Schiavi and Rucinski. This is an open-accessarticle distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted,provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and thatthe original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academicpractice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not complywith these terms. Frontiers in Physics | www.frontiersin.org January 2021 | Volume 8 | Article 567300 18Gajewski et al. FREDMC for Proton Therapy" 285 W2031931181.pdf 3 "Mapping High-Level Applicat ion Requirements onto Low-Level Cloud Resources 897 Figure 2. Categories of infrastructure requirements. requirement is. This can be us ed during the requirements prioritization and resources filtering phases. Require- ments may be inter-dependent. For example, the UK Data Protection Act (a compliance requirement) indicates that no data can be processed or stored outside the UK. This translates to a dependency relationship on geogra- phical requirement. Figure 3 provides an overview of the ontology for infrastructure requirements . A class restriction is defined to identify the relevant conditions or constraints asso ciated with a requirement (see Figure 3 ). Each requirement is constrained by at least one restriction . The detailed ontology relationships between infrastructure requirements and restrictions are given below:  A cost requirement is constrained by cost restrictions. A cost restriction can be a total cost or it can be sub- divided into compute costs, software costs, storage costs, or bandwidth costs. Each cost restriction is as- sociated with cost frequenc y (per hour, per day) and financial cost (amount and currency).  A performance requirement is constrained by per- formance related restrictions. Network latency perfor- mance is constrained by latency restrictions. Incom- ing and outgoing bandwidth performances are cons- trained by bandwidth restrictions. Bandwidth restri- ction indicates the minimum amount of bandwidth required.  A resource requirement is constrained by resource- related restrictions. 1) The hosting environment is constrained by operating system restriction wh ich specifies the operating sys- tem types. 2) The hardware capability is constrained by various hardware restrictions, such as minimum number of CPU cores, CPU speed, CPU architecture type, RAM, and storage space restriction. 3) The software stack is co nstrained by software res- trictions which specify the list of software or services that need to be installed on the resource.  Geographical requirement is constrained by location restrictions. Location restri ction indicates the location of resource or data processing.  Compliance code requirement is constrained by com- pliance restrictions, which can be industry’s standard restriction or regulatory restriction. Deployment specifications are expressed using layers: domain, site, group , and node (see Figure 4 ). A domain represents the top-layer of th e infrastructure deployment layout and has at least one site. A site is composed of one or more groups . A group contains a set of nodes which provide same functionality, such as web servers or data- bases. A node is a specific type of resource such as a computational unit or storage. The ontologies include requirements which apply to many different layers of the deployment structure. For example, if a location require- ment is applied at the domain layer, all sites , groups and nodes within the domain must fulfil the same location constraint; hardware requirements , such as CPU and memory, can be applied at group level or at individual node level. Once the infrastructure deployment specification is defined, it is then used to search for resources in the low- level resource pool. 3.3. Resource Ontology The resource ontology defines the properties of the resources offered by cloud providers. This layer has been widely investigated elsewher e [5,6]. In the proposed model, we adopt a similar approach as [6] (using the concept of resource capabilities) for describing cloud re- sources. A cloud resource is associated with different resource capabilities , which can be storage capability , compute capability, memory capability , software capability and host capability . Storage capability consists of amount of storage space and various storage types, such as local Figure 3. Overview of infr astructure requirements ontol- ogy. Figure 4. Ontology for in frastructure deployment. Copyright © 2012 SciRes. JSEA" 286 W3124890611.pdf 19 "REFERENCES Altenhoff AM, Studer RA, Robinsonrechavi M, Dessimoz C. 2012. Resolving the ortholog conjecture: orthologs tend to be weakly, but significantly, more sim- ilar in function than paralogs. 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Bioinformatics 31(8) :12961297 DOI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu817. Li et al. (2021), PeerJ, DOI 10.7717/peerj.10617 20/24" 287 W4243055514.pdf 2 "C. S. Hvidberg et al.: Surface velocity of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) 3489 quirements, the stake network contains sets of stakes placed in a diamond shape centered around the midpoint of NEGIS and at both shear margins. The stake network extends 35 km along NEGIS and 40 km across NEGIS, thereby covering the entire 25 km width of NEGIS and extending across both shear margins into the slower-moving regions outside the ice stream. The purpose of the additional stakes added in 2018 was to obtain detailed information of strain rates across a topographic surface undulation northwest of NEGIS (a 20– 30 km dark–bright pattern perpendicular to NEGIS, Fig. 2a). All stake observations are included in this analysis. The GPS observations were carried out with a Leica GX1230 GPS receiver with data acquisition lasting a min- imum of 1 h and typically 2–4 h. The GPS antenna was mounted on the top of each stake, and the height above the surface was measured manually. The stakes were 3.5 m long aluminum stakes, which were drilled approximately 2 m be- low the surface and extended when needed due to continuous snow accumulation in the area (approximately 0.3 m of snow equivalent per year; Vallelonga et al., 2014). All stakes es- tablished in 2015, 2016, and 2017 were extended during the observational period when the antenna heights decreased be- low 1 m above the surface. A few stakes were moved and/or replaced due to camp activities. The GPS observations were postfield processed using the open-source software package ESA/UPC GNSS-Lab Tool (gLAB; Sanz Subirana et al., 2013; Ibáñez et al., 2018). We use the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) final orbit and clock product, which includes Earth rotation parameters. We took the antenna phase center offset and vari- ation into account. Receiver clock parameters are modeled, and the atmosphere delay parameters are modeled using the CODE maps for the ionosphere and ESA’s Niell mapping function with simple nominal values for the troposphere. We applied solid Earth tidal corrections using the IERS Conven- tion’s degree 2 tides displacement model (Sanz Subirana et al., 2013). Ocean tidal correction is not implemented in the gLAB processing tool, and for our interior site the associ- ated error is estimated to be within 1 cm. The coordinates are computed in the IGS14 frame. We use the software in static mode and developed an automated protocol in order to perform a systematic precise point positioning (PPP) pro- cessing of the stake observations. The PPP approach can in- troduce systematic errors if the stake is moving (King, 2004). To optimize our processing protocol and evaluate timing esti- mates and position uncertainties, we observed the central ref- erence stake at the EastGRIP site (red dot in Fig. 2) over ex- tended periods each season and compared separate 1 h static, 24 h static, and kinematic solutions. We found that the 24 h static solution performed better than the average position of a 24 h kinematic solution. With a maximum observed surface speed of approximately 60 m a" 288 W4390898677.pdf 0 "nature cardiovascular research Volume 3 | January 2024 | 94 | 94 Corrections & amendments Author Correction: Cardiometabolic and renal phenotypes and transitions in the United States population Victor P. F. Lhoste, Bin Zhou   , Anu Mishra, James E. Bennett, Sarah Filippi, Perviz Asaria, Edward W. Gregg, Goodarz Danaei & Majid Ezzati    In the version of this article initially published, incorrect versions of Extended Data Figs. 1 and 2, with mismatched data and labels, were presented. The figures have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2024Correction to: Nature Cardiovascular Research https://doi.org/10.1038/ s44161-023-00391-y , published online 15 December 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44161-024-00425-z Published online: 15 January 2024 Check for updates" 289 W3112626654.pdf 0 "Journal of Clinical Medicine Review Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: Endoscopic and Surgical Resection for Ampullary Lesions Christian Heise1,y, Einas Abou Ali2,y , Dirk Hasenclever3, Francesco Auriemma4, Aiste Gulla5,6, Sara Regner7 , Sébastien Gaujoux8and Marcus Hollenbach9,* 1Department of Medicine I—Gastroenterology, Pulmonology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany; christian.heise@uk-halle.de 2Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Oncology and Endoscopy, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France; einas.abouali@gmail.com 3Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; dirk.hasenclever@medizin.uni-leipzig.de 4Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; francesco.auriemma.1987@gmail.com 5Department of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania; aistegulla@gmail.com 6General Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA 7Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; sara.regner@med.lu.se 8Department of Pancreatic and Endocrine Surgery, Piti é-Salpetriere Hospital, M édecine Sorbonne Universit é, 75000 Paris, France; sebastien.gaujoux@aphp.fr 9Medical Department II, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany *Correspondence: marcus.hollenbach@medizin.uni-leipzig.de; Tel.: +49-34-1971-2362 yAuthors contributed equally and shared first authorship. Received: 11 October 2020; Accepted: 30 October 2020; Published: 10 November 2020 /gid00030/gid00035/gid00032/gid00030/gid00038/gid00001/gid00033/gid00042/gid00045 /gid00001 /gid00048/gid00043/gid00031/gid00028/gid00047/gid00032/gid00046 Abstract: Ampullary lesions (ALs) can be treated by endoscopic (EA) or surgical ampullectomy (SA) or pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). However, EA carries significant risk of incomplete resection while surgical interventions can lead to substantial morbidity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis for R0, adverse-events (AEs) and recurrence between EA, SA and PD. Electronic databases were searched from 1990 to 2018. Outcomes were calculated as pooled means using fixed and random-e ects models and the Freeman-Tukey-Double-Arcsine-Proportion-model. We identified 59 independent studies. The pooled R0 rate was 76.6% (71.8–81.4%, I2=91.38%) for EA, 96.4% (93.6–99.2%, I2=37.8%) for SA and 98.9% (98.0–99.7%, I2=0%) for PD. AEs were 24.7% (19.8–29.6%, I2=86.4%), 28.3% (19.0–37.7%, I2=76.8%) and 44.7% (37.9–51.4%, I2=0%), respectively. Recurrences were registered in 13.0% (10.2–15.6%, I2=91.3%), 9.4% (4.8–14%, I2=57.3% ) and 14.2% (9.5–18.9%, I2=0%). Di erences between proportions were significant in R0 for EA compared to SA (p=0.007) and PD ( p=0.022). AEs were statistically di erent only between EA and PD ( p=0.049) and recurrence showed no significance for EA /SA or EA /PD. Our data indicate an increased rate of complete resection in surgical interventions accompanied with a higher risk of complications. However, studies showed various sources of bias, limited quality of data and a significant heterogeneity, particularly in EA studies. Keywords: ampullectomy; papillectomy; pancreaticoduodenectomy; trans-duodenal ampullectomy; ampulla of Vater J. Clin. Med. 2020 ,9, 3622; doi:10.3390 /jcm9113622 www.mdpi.com /journal /jcm" 290 W2742651804.pdf 0 "A GEó GRAFA ISABEL ANDRÉ NOTAS DE TESTEMUNHO DE UM PERCURSO INOVADOR, BRILHANTE E LIVREi Patrícia Pedro r êgo1 se eu tiver que morrer Vou morrer pela vida! Vinicius de Moraes isabel a ndré faz parte da geração entusiasta que chegou ao Departamento de Geografia da faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, no imediato pós -25 de a bril de 74. espírito brilhante, vivo, confiante e amante dos debates, impôs os seus pontos de vista e interessou -se geograficamente pelas novas temáticas sociais que o contexto revolucionário fazia chegar à a cademia nesses anos de formação. Pioneira em muitas iniciativas e decisões, desde logo na maternidade que abraçou no limiar da idade adulta, antes ainda de chegar à Universidade, i sabel a ndré associava a paixão à racionalidade numa medida desconhecida para a maioria dos seus contemporâneos. exemplo da harmonização sur - preendente entre um pensamento racional de que não abdicava (dizia, com frequência, “vou pensar no assunto… ”) e o entusiasmo, a paixão, perante cada nova descoberta (os novos conceitos, as interacções que se evidenciavam, os actores em presença, o papel dos lugares…), a sua forma de viver traduziu -se na afirmação da integridade, evidenciada no seu percurso pessoal e profissional, e expressa num exercício constante de liberdade. Havia na i sabel a ndré a generosidade da partilha das suas experiências e dos seus projectos com os outros, convocando -os para o seu círculo próximo, numa medida maravilhosa, didáctica e incentivadora, embora adepta da autonomia de cada uma e de cada um. a sua vivência inte-gradora, particularmente atenta aos mais jovens, beneficiou os seus alunos, os discípulos, a família, os amigos. era, contudo, exigente porque queria construir um caminho novo. Desde muito cedo (finais dos anos 70) i sabel a ndré colaborou na investigação, no Centro de e stu- dos Geográficos, na linha de acção estudos para o Planeamento regional e Urbano. a economia e a política sempre a interessaram e, para além do contributo em projectos de planeamento, colaborou nos estudos pioneiros na temática da Geografia e leitoral a que dedicou, aliás, a sua tese de mestrado em 1984. 1 Professora a uxiliar, Departamento de Geociências, Universidade de Évora, Colégio Luís a ntónio Verney, r ua r omão ramalho, 59, 7000 -671 Évora, Portugal. e -mail: patrego@uevora.pt Finisterra , LII, 105, 2017, pp. 143 ‑145 doi: 10.18055/finis12208 Comentário " 291 W4388025809.pdf 7 "6. S. Konasová, The benefits of vegetated roofs in reducing the excess heat in three urban areas with different climate conditions. Advances and Trends in Engineering Sciences and Technologies III - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Engineering Sciences an d Technologies, ESaT 2018; 2019. 7. K. Nečadová, P. Selník, H. Karafiátová, Differential substrate subsidence of the EnviHUT project pitched extensive green roof. MATEC Web of Conferences; 2016. 8 MATEC Web of Conferences 385, 01036 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338501036 Young Scientist 2023" 292 W3157861315.pdf 4 "Arts and Design Studies www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-6061 (Paper) ISSN 2225-059X (Online) Vol.92, 2021 15 3.4 Visual Art of Indung in Sundanese Myth Indung artwork in Sundanese mythological figures is an ar twork made based on research. Research was carried out on the existence of two indung figures namely Sunan Ambu contained in mythology o r religious beliefs Kanekes Baduy Dalam and Dewi Sri or Nyi Sri Pohaci contained in the ancient manuscript Ksatriya Budug Basu. The work consists of two works, Indung of Aing and Nyi Sri Pohaci: Indung Pare. The concept is based o n the results of research, namely data collection through literature. 3.4.1 Artwork : Indung of Aing Indung of Aing concept is based on the results of l iterature, Saputra (Heryana, 2006) writes, in the b elief of urang Kanekes, there is called Ambu Langit that is the woman who will assign Aing (human who is still in the womb) to descend into the world. By Ambu Langit, th e Aing was handed over to Ambu Tengah named Nyi Randakasih. From Ambu tengah then descended again t o Ambu Bumi named Ambu Dayang Wirati. Here Si Aing meets Ambu Dayang Wirati and receives love. So by t he intercession of love and love of a mother and a father called Indung Simbarang Kandung (mother) and Bapa Simbarang Jadikeun (father), Si Aing human in the belly of Indung Simbarang Kandung. After nine months Si Aing spoke to Ambu for permission to travel in Buana Pancatengah (earth). The literature is interpreted in visual artwork wit h depictions of Ambu Langit (mother of sky), Ambu Tengah (mother of middle) and Ambu Bumi (mother of earth) as bird and buterflies. Birds and buterfly a re used as symbols of Goddesses. The indung are not depicted, the Aing as a human candidate is described as a fish that is in the womb of the Indung Simbarang Kandung (mother). The visual style used batik tulis technique with ba tik pesisir motifs. Such as mega mendung, daun taleus , kumeli , and others. The use of color in this work follows the colors on batik pesisir, such as blue, purple, pink, yellow, orange and others that give a festive impre ssion. Batik pesisir is a batik produced by batik c raftman from the lower society. Decorative and color is richer b ecause it gets influence from Chinese and Indo-Dutc h culture, batik pesisir area that is the north coast of Java Island such as Indramayu, Cirebon, Tegal, Pekalonga n, and others (Hasanudin 2001). The work (as seen on figure 2) is made with batik t ulis technique, using cold wax media from tamarine powder, this is a new batik technique that is popul ar in Indonesia today. Coloring using textile paint , fabric using polyester cloth with a size of 50 x 150 cm. (a) (b) Figure 2. Indung of Aing, (a) The upper part of the artwork, (b) The bottom part of the artwork, measures 50x150 cm. Source: https://www.artpal.com/rinimaulina and http s://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWtuHxj6v3w 3.4.2 Artwork: Nyi Sri Pohaci: Indung Pare Nyi Sri Pohaci: Indung Pare concept is based on the results of literature, based on the ancient manusc ript Serat Satriya Budug Basu written by Pangeran Sujatmaningr at (Ridwan and Abdulgani, 2012). In the ancient manuscript, there is a story about Budug Basu and N yi Sri Pohaci (Dewi Sri). In Budug Basu's story, th e characters are played by Gods, giants and humans (p easants). The setting of the story is mostly in Kah yangan, the world where the Gods live. The story contains o f part of people's lives, namely agriculture, such as the origin of rice crops, irrigation, pests and others. In add ition, there is a story as a public belief in the r ice Goddess Dewi Sri as the origin of rice and Budug Basu as the ori gin of fish in the sea (Ridwan and Abdulgani 2012). In the manuscript of serat Satriya Budug Basu, the origin of rice is come from the body of Nyi Sri Poh aci (Dewi Sri). According to Lombard, myths with such m otives exist throughout the archipelago, including islands " 293 W2009309312.pdf 6 "E2056 Wang et al. Figure 2. Biophysical characterization of the effect of th e p.Ser129Arg mutation on the structures of both βB1-crystallin homomer and βB1/βA3-crystallin heteromer. The samples were prepar ed by dissolving the proteins in buffer B. The βB1/βA3- crystallin was prepared by incubating equimolar of βB1-crystallin and βA3-crystallin at 37 °C for 2 h. (A) Far-UV CD. (B) Intrinsic fluorescence. In panels (A) and (B), the difference spectra were produced by subtracting the sum spectra of the homomers by that of equimola r heteromer. (C) Parameter A. Parameter A was calculated by dividi ng the fluorescence intensity at 320 nm ( I 320) to that at 365 nm ( I365). (D) Extrinsic ANS fluorescence. (E) SEC analysis. The arrow heads along the top axis indicate the elution posit ions of the standard molecular weight markers of 66 kDa, 29 kDa and 14 kDa, from left to right, respectively. The inset shows the identification of the heteromer by SDS-PAGE of the eluted samples. M, 1, 2 and 3 represents the marker, purified βA3-crystallin, purified βB1-crystallin and the eluted samples of the heteromer collected from the main peak in the SEC profile, respectively. The void volume of Supe rdex 75 HR 10/30 column is 8 ml. (F) Crystal structure of the truncated βB1-crystallin (PDB 1OKI) (Van Montfort, et al., 2003). The position of Ser129 was highlighted by the space-filling model. DISCUSSION In this study, we have identified a novel causative mutation p.Ser129Arg in CRYBB1 in a large Chinese family with CCMC. βB1-crystallin is a major subunit of the β-crystallins and comprises 9% of the total soluble crystallin in the human lens (Lampi, et al., 1997). The three-dimensional X-ray structure of βB1-crystallin shows it contains two tightly folded domains, N-terminal and C-termin al domains, composed of two Greek key motifs(Van Montfort, et al., 2003). The mutation det ected in this family is located in ex on 4, which encode s the Greek key II, and replaces the polar uncharged serine by the charged resi due arginine at position 129. As suggested by Polyphen analysis, the mutation is predicted to be possibly damaging, which highlights the functional importance of this region of βB1-crystallin. To our knowledge, this is the first re port of causative mutations identified in Greek key II of βB1-crystallin associated with CCMC. " 294 W4321378662.pdf 4 "Contemporary Clinical Trials 127 (2023) 107122 4 Fig. 1.Flowchart diagram: an overview the RCT study design. Abbreviations. GP: General practitioner; ASRD: Anxiety and stress-related disorders; AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; DUDIT: Drugs Use Disorders Identification Test; EEG: Electroencephalography; iCBT-I: internet-based Guided Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia; ISI: Insomnia Severity Index; MHC: Mental health care; M.I.N.I: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; OCD: Obsessive compulsive disorder; RMT20: Rapid Measurement-Toolkit 20. J.E. Reesen et al." 295 W3037504323.pdf 10 "Multi-Dimensional Implication of Water Scarcity on Inhabitants of District Quetta, 69 Balochistan, Pakistan immediately withdraw subsidy on irrigation tube wells, and shift existing irrigation on efficient irrigation to minimize the use of water consumption. 2. All existing tube wells in Quetta valley needed to be registered. Also phase wise closing down of illegal tube wells with provision of piped water to each and every house to full filled their domestic need. 3. Restrictions be made on use of sweet water for agriculture, in case of violation, Imposition of heavy fines for water extravagance or theft. 4. Autonomous & Empowered ‘Water Body’ be set up to oversee all water sector projects. Community and water managers must in liaison to control the situation. 5. Conservation & Efficient Use of Water be made part of school curriculums. Periodic Water Awareness Drives be run on the lines of Polio Campaigns Optimizing. 6. Strategic plantation and effective control over new housing schemes in Quetta valley be made to overcome the issue. References Ahmed, Sheikh (2015). Quetta Water And Sanitation Authroity Performance and Prospects, (An organizational Study), QWASA publication, Quetta, p. 4. Ali, Wajid and Kakar, Azizullah (2018, April 13). Balochistan’s water, Dawn. Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com on October 24, 2018. Anam, A. &Shafique, M. (2017). Agriculture in Pakistan and its Impact on Economy – A Review. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology. Vol,103pp, 47-60. Arkin, H, & Colton, R. (1963). Table for the statistics. New York: Barnes and Noble Publication. Asian Development Bank. (2002). Report on Poverty in Pakistan, Issues, Causes and Institutional responses.https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional- document/33464/files/poverty.pdf Bajoi AH. (2004). Report on reorganization of Agriculture Research and Extension Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineeringand Management Sciences Quetta. Bhatti SS, Khattak MUK, &Roohi R. (2008). Planning Water Resource Management in Pishin Lora River Basin of Balochistan Using GIS/RS Techniques. Proceeding of ICAST.(2): 91-97. " 296 W2326196713.pdf 0 "NEW BOOKS I 767 3. 4. 5. In some cases notable quantities of nitrates remain in the mature The amounts of nitrates found in vegetables are of the same order A person on a diet consisting of fresh vegetables, wholly or largely plant : instance ripe beets and turnips. but rather more in many instances than those found in cured meats. would consume more nitrates than one on a mixed diet consisting in part of cured meats. As much as the equivalent of from one to two grams of saltpeter daily could be consumed by a person eating fresh vegetables. Inasmuch as a fresh vegetable diet is entirely harmless and as no case of injury from saltpeter in cured meats is on record, saltpeter in the quantities used in cured meats must be classed as a harmless substance. 6. 7. CHEMICAL LABORATORY OF SWIFT AND Co. Chicago, Ill. CORRECTION. On page 573, lines 5, 6 and 7, of the current volume of the Journal, is found the sentence, ‘‘ 3 cc. of nitric oxide gas mixed with three liters of air will efficiently bleach a kilo of flour.’’ In writing the sentence, I intended to use the word distinctly ” instead of ‘‘ efficiently,” just as I did in the parallel experiment with bromine vapor given at the bottom of the preceding page. S. AVERY. NEW BOOKS. THE ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. BY HARRY C. JONES. Third Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Price &, net. The new edition of this excellent and well known work has been care- fully revised. Of the abundant and important material published since the appearance, five years since, of the earlier edition, whatever was fairly within the scope of the book has been incorporated in it, with the result that it has been enlarged by about a seventh part. A goodly num- ber of references to original papers will enable the student to follow a given discussion further than the limits of the text. Naturally, the chapters on Solutions and on Electrochemistry contain the most of the new material, but half df the other chapters show additions. The new edition well deserves the same commendation and the same welcome as that with which the earlier one was received. New York, The MacMillan Company, 1907. EDWARD W. MORLEY. ENTWICKELUNGSGBSCKICHTB DER CHEMIE. VON A. LADENBURG. Braunschweig, Friederich Vieweg und Sohn, 1907. Ladenburg’s “Entwickelungsgeschichte der Chemie” is an attempt to trace the development of our present conceptions of chemistry from earlier conceptions, beginning with the time of Lavoisier. By omitting bio- Price, unbound, IZ marks." 297 W3124786751.pdf 13 " 13 in Prostate Cancer: Progesterone receptor B is the isoform associated with dis ease progression, 1 Sci Rep 8(1) (2018) 11358. 2 [24] C.M. Luetjens, A. Didolkar, S. Kliesch, W. Paulus, A. Jeibmann, W. Bocker, E. Nieschlag, 3 M. Simoni, Tissue expression of the nuclear progesterone receptor in male non -human primates 4 and men, J Endocrinol 18 9(3) (2006) 529 -39. 5 [25] D. Crews, Evolution of neuroendocrine mechanisms that regulate sexual behavior, Trends 6 Endocrinol Metab 16(8) (2005) 354 -61. 7 [26] C.K. Wagner, The many faces of progesterone: a role in adult and developing male brain, 8 Front Neuroen docrinol 27(3) (2006) 340 -59. 9 [27] J.W. Funder, Mineralocorticoid receptor activation and specificity -conferring mechanisms: 10 a brief history, Journal of Endocrinology 234(1) (2017) T17 -T21. 11 [28] B.C. Rossier, M.E. Baker, R.A. Studer, Epithelial sodium tran sport and its control by 12 aldosterone: the story of our internal environment revisited, Physiological reviews 95(1) (2015) 13 297-340. 14 [29] P.J. Fuller, Y. Yao, J. Yang, M.J. Young, Mechanisms of ligand specificity of the 15 mineralocorticoid receptor, J Endocrin ol 213(1) (2012) 15 -24. 16 [30] R.P. Lifton, A.G. Gharavi, D.S. Geller, Molecular mechanisms of human hypertension, Cell 17 104(4) (2001) 545 -56. 18 [31] I. Hanukoglu, A. Hanukoglu, Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) family: Phylogeny, 19 structure -function, tissue dist ribution, and associated inherited diseases, Gene 579(2) (2016) 95 - 20 132. 21 [32] S. Shibata, 30 YEARS OF THE MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR: Mineralocorticoid 22 receptor and NaCl transport mechanisms in the renal distal nephron, J Endocrinol 234(1) (2017) 23 T35-T47. 24 [33] U.A. Hawkins, E.P. Gomez -Sanchez, C.M. Gomez -Sanchez, C.E. Gomez -Sanchez, The 25 ubiquitous mineralocorticoid receptor: clinical implications, Curr Hypertens Rep 14(6) (2012) 26 573-80. 27 [34] L. Martinerie, M. Munier, D. Le Menuet, G. Meduri, S. Viengchareun, M. Lombes, The 28 mineralocorticoid signaling pathway throughout development: expression, regulation and 29 pathophysiological implications, Biochimie 95(2) (2013) 148 -57. 30 [35] A. Odermatt, D.V. Kratschmar, Tissue -specific modulation of mineralocorticoid recept or 31 function by 11beta -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: an overview, Molecular and cellular 32 endocrinology 350(2) (2012) 168 -86. 33 [36] M.E. Baker, Y. Katsu, 30 YEARS OF THE MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR: 34 Evolution of the mineralocorticoid receptor: sequence, struc ture and function, J Endocrinol 35 234(1) (2017) T1 -T16. 36 [37] J.W. Funder, Reconsidering the roles of the mineralocorticoid receptor, Hypertension 53(2) 37 (2009) 286 -90. 38 [38] F. Jaisser, N. Farman, Emerging Roles of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Pathology: 39 Toward New Paradigms in Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacological reviews 68(1) (2016) 49 -75. 40 [39] J.J. DuPont, I.Z. Jaffe, 30 YEARS OF THE MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR: The 41 role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in the vasculature, J Endocrinol 234(1) (2017) T 67-T82. 42 [40] E.P. Gomez -Sanchez, Mineralocorticoid receptors in the brain and cardiovascular 43 regulation: minority rule?, Trends Endocrinol Metab 22(5) (2011) 179 -87. 44 [41] M. Joels, E.R. de Kloet, 30 YEARS OF THE MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR: The 45 brain minera locorticoid receptor: a saga in three episodes, J Endocrinol 234(1) (2017) T49 -T66. 46 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 21 January 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0231.v1" 298 W4235863277.pdf 0 "CORRIGENDUM Integration Processes of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: ‘Class-based Integration’ DOG ˘US/C176S/C176_IMS/C176EK Journal of Refugee Studies . doi:10.1093/jrs/fey057. The above article has been corrected to add the following reference which was omitted in error: AKCAPAR-KOSER, S. and SIMSEK, D. (2018) ‘The Politics of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: A Question of Inclusion and Exclusion throughCitizenship’. Social Inclusion 6(1): 176–187. The author apologizes for the error.Journal of Refugee Studies Vol. 34, No. 1 /C223The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com doi:10.1093/jrs/fez014 Advance Access publication 7 February 2019Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article/34/1/1274/5310006 by guest on 18 May 2024 " 299 W3154071403.pdf 2 "Nedeva et al. OSCAR Signaling in Osteoclastogenesis TABLE 1 | Summary of skeleton-related phenotypes in knockout mice fo r genes involved in osteoclast differentiation in the order in which they are discussed in the text. Gene Protein Skeleton-related phenotypes and diseases MGI IDs References Csf1 M-CSF Osteopetrosis, op/op mouse Abnormal bone structure, morphology and remodeling Abnormal bone and dentin mineralisation Decreased bone resorption Abnormal osteoblast morphology and differentiation Abnormal osteoclast morphology and differentiation Decreased osteoclast cell number1856333 5305707Yoshida et al., 1990; Naito et al., 1991, 1997; Begg et al., 1993; Harris et al., 2012; Nakamichi et al., 2013 Csf1r M-CSFR Osteopetrosis Abnormal bone structure, morphology, physiology and mineralisation Failure of bone resorption Abnormal osteoblast morphology Abnormal osteoclast morphology and differentiation2181194 Dai et al., 2002, 2004; Nakamichi et al., 2013 Spi1 PU.1 Osteopetrosis Failure of tooth eruption3717917 Tondravi et al., 1997; Houston et al., 2007 Mitf MITF Osteopetrosis, mi/mi mouse Osteosclerosis Abnormal bone morphology Failure of tooth eruption Abnormal osteoclast morphology and physiology1856087 1856085Hodgkinson et al., 1993; Nii et al., 1995; McGill et al., 2002; Steingrimsson et al., 2002 Tnfrsf11a RANK Osteopetrosis Abnormal bone and tooth morphology Abnormal osteoclast differentiation Decreased osteoclast cell number1860238 2183226 3664109Dougall et al., 1999; Li et al., 2000; Kapur et al., 2004 Tnfsf11 RANKL Osteopetrosis Abnormal bone and tooth morphology Abnormal bone mineralisation Decreased bone resorption Abnormal osteoclast physiology Decreased osteoclast cell number Abnormal chondrocyte morphology and differentiation1859962 2386263 5297062 5307891 5614816Kong et al., 1999; Kim et al., 2000; Nakashima et al., 2011; Douni et al., 2012; Palmer et al., 2016 Traf6 TRAF6 Osteopetrosis Abnormal bone and tooth morphology Decreased bone resorption Abnormal osteoclast morphology and physiology1859953 2675469Lomaga et al., 1999; Naito et al., 1999 Nfkb1 Nfkb2NF-κB Osteopetrosis Abnormal bone structure and morphology Abnormal osteoclast differentiation Decreased osteoclast cell number3852643 Franzoso et al., 1997; Iotsova et al., 1997; Yamashita et al., 2007 Fos c-Fos Osteopetrosis Abnormal bone and tooth morphology Decreased osteoclast cell number2181817 Wang et al., 1992 Nfatc1 NFATc1 Osteopetrosis Abnormal bone and tooth morphology Abnormal osteoclast differentiation Decreased osteoclast cell number3831720 Asagiri et al., 2005; Aliprantis et al., 2008 Fcer1g FcR γ No skeletal effects Normal bone volume and osteoclast function, size or number1857165 Mócsai et al., 2004 Fcer1g TyrobpFcRγ DAP12Osteopetrosis Abnormal bone morphology Increased bone mass Decreased bone resorption Abnormal osteoclast differentiation3818498 Mócsai et al., 2004 Tyrobp DAP12 Osteopetrosis Nasu-Hakola disease Abnormal bone morphology, remodeling and mineralisation Decreased bone resorption Abnormal osteoclast physiology and differentiation2386271 2386277Tomasello et al., 2000; Mócsai et al., 2004; Nataf et al., 2005 (Continued) Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology | www.frontier sin.org 3 April 2021 | Volume 9 | Article 641162" 300 W4362735498.pdf 5 "6 Yield: 6.3 g (65 %). 1H-NMR, (500 MHz, D 2O)  (ppm): 1.9 (m, 4 H, CH 2alkyl), 3.2 (t, 12 H, J = 7,5 Hz, CH 2DABCO), 3.3 (m, 4 H, CH 2alkyl), 3.4 (t, 12 H, J = 7.5 Hz, CH 2DABCO). MS (L -SIMS: pos. / Matrix: Glycerine) m/z: 279 (M – 2 I)2+, 407 (M – I)+. EA: C 16H32N4I2: Cal. C, 35.97; H, 6.04; N, 10.49. Exp. C, 34.68; H, 5.54; N, 9.80. 1,1´-(1,5-Pentandiyl)bis[4 -aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octan]dibromide (DABCO -5) Yield: 3.4 g (42 %). 1H-NMR, (500 MHz, D 2O)  (ppm): 1.5 (m, 2 H, CH 2alkyl), 1.9 (m, 4 H, CH 2alkyl), 3.2 (t, 12 H, J = 7.3 Hz, CH 2DABCO), 3.3 (t, 4 H, J = 7.6 Hz, CH 2alkyl), 3.4 (t, 12 H, J = 7.3 Hz, CH 2DABCO). MS (L -SIMS: pos. / Matrix: Glycerine) m/z: 293 (M – 2 Br)2+, 373/375 (M – Br)+. EA: C 17H34N4Br2: Cal. C, 44.95; H, 7.54; N, 12.33. Exp. C, 42.66; H, 7.38; N, 10.85. 1,1´-(1,6-Hexandiyl)bis[4 -aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octan]dibromide (DABCO -6) Yield: 6.1 g (72 %). 1H-NMR, (500 MHz, D 2O)  (ppm): 1.4 (m, 4 H, CH 2alkyl), 1.8 (m, 4 H, CH 2alkyl), 3.2 (t, 12 H, J = 7.2 Hz, CH 2DABCO), 3.3 (t, 4 H, J = 8.5 Hz, CH 2alkyl), 3.4 (t, 12 H, J = 7.2 Hz, CH 2DABCO). MS (L -SIMS: pos. / Matrix: Glycerine) m/z: 307 (M – 2 Br)2+, 387/389 (M – Br)+. EA: C 18H36N4Br2: Cal. C, 46.16; H, 7.75; N, 11.96. Exp.: C, 42.51; H, 7.69; N, 10.53. 1,1´-(1,7-Heptandiyl)bis[4 -aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octan]dibro mide (DABCO -7) Yield: 5.0 g (58 %). 1H-NMR, (500 MHz, D 2O)  (ppm): 1.4 (m, 6 H, CH 2alkyl), 1.8 (m, 4 H, CH 2alkyl), 3.2 (t, 12 H, J = 8.0 Hz, CH 2DABCO), 3.3 (m, 4 H, CH 2alkyl), 3.4 (t, 12 H, J = 8.0 Hz, CH 2DABCO). MS (L -SIMS: pos. / Matrix: Glycerine) m/z: 321 (M – 2 Br)2+, 401/403 (M – Br)+. EA: C 19H38N4Br2: Cal. C, 47.31; H, 7.94; N, 11.62. Exp.: C, 46.16; H, 7.56; N, 10.72. The calculated values of the elemental analysis and the experimental results differ for some of the synthesized compounds. The bromide and iodide derivatives of DABCO are strong hydroscopic and this may lead to the observed differences. However, even the r esults from elemental analysis of DABCO itself show differences between calculated and experimental values: C 6H12N2: Calc.: C, 64.24; H, 10.78; N, 24.97. Exp.: C, 58.55; H, 10.58; N, 22.21. However, a definitive characterisation of the synthesized compound s is possible from 1H-NMR and mass spectrometry. " 301 W3021744122.pdf 3 "J Clin Exp Dent. 2020;12(5):e488-93. e491Mandibular task s Muscles ARG CG p value Rest RM .04 ± .001 .05 ± .01 .37 LM .05 ± .008 .05 ± .01 .24 RT .12 ± .02 .13 ± .02 .85 LT .12 ± .02 .11 ± .01 .60 Right laterality RM .05 ± .007 .09 ± .03 .16 LM .07 ± .02 .07 ± .02 .90 RT .18 ± .03 .27 ± .07 .29 LT .14 ± .03 .10 ± .01 .26 Left laterality RM .07 ± .01 .11 ± .03 .33 LM .06 ± .007 .06 ± .009 .66 RT .10 ± .02 .14 ± .03 .37 LT .13 ± .03 .17 ± .01 .28 Protrusion RM .11 ± .03 .17 ± .05 .32 LM .18 ± .05 .12 ± .02 .34 RT .11 ± .02 .14 ± .03 .56 LT .12 ± .02 .12 ± .03 .96 Maximal voluntary contractionRM .83 ± .07 .71 ± .09 .34 LM .80 ± .10 .57 ± .08 .10 RT .98 ± .05 .77 ± .05 .01* LT .95 ± .06 .72 ± .05 .01*Table 3 : Means, standard errors (±) and statistical significance ( p < .05*) of the normalized electromyo - graphic data averages of the right masseter (RM), left masseter (LM), right temporal (RT) and left temporal (LT) for chronic allergic rhinitis group (ARG) and control group (CG) in the mandibular tasks. In this study, it was observed that the electromyographic activities of the masseter and temporalis muscles were similar between groups during mandibular rest. This fact reveals the existence of postural maintenance with acti - vation of muscle fibers in the healthy organism (21,22) and functional alteration (23). During the protrusion, the chronic allergic rhinitis group demonstrated an adequate neuroanatomic pattern of muscle activation to maintain the postural position (21). In this condition, changes in normalized electromyo - graphic means of the masseter muscles were observed between the groups. This situation may be related to the functional imbalance of the stomatognathic system due to the oral breathing pattern (24). The buccal brea - thing pattern in subjects affected by upper airway in - flammation promotes muscle compensations that trigger functional imbalance (25). During right and left laterality, the chronic allergic rhi - nitis group had lower normalized electromyographic means than the control group, without significant diffe - rence. The results presented are directed at the muscles that effectively participated in the neuroanatomic mus - cle activation pattern. In this pattern there was greater electromyographic ac - tivation of the temporal muscle on the same side of the mandible that extends to the functional side, while in the masseter muscle the highest activation was contralateral to movement (23). The hypothesis for the lowest norma - lized electromyographic means of the masticatory mus - cles may be related to the buccal breathing pattern (26). Normalized electromyographic activity in the present investigation was measured in the maximal isometric contraction of the masseter and temporalis muscles in both groups. Higher electromyographic means were demonstrated in the group with chronic allergic rhinitis when compared to the control group, with significant di - fference for the temporalis muscles. Muscle performance may be influenced by topical na - sal decongestants containing vasoconstrictors used to treat allergic rhinitis. Studies indicate that small doses of vasoconstrictors, for example adrenaline, constantly re - leased into the bloodstream, promote acute vasodilation, increasing the caliber of vessels and arteries present in skeletal striated muscle through beta-adrenergic mecha - nism (27). Chronic administration of substances that help treat res -" 302 W2885497018.pdf 5 "S. Narison / Physics Letters B 784 (2018) 261–265 265 Table 4 Charm and bottom running masses mc,b(mc,b)from (ra- tios of) moments. Observables Mass [MeV] Charm M4(0) 1266(9.0) r3/4(0) 1264(11.1) M10(4m2 c) 1263(2.3) M16(8m2 c) 1261(1.3) Mean 1264(6) Bottom M6(0)⊕r4/5(0) 4186(9.3) M10(4m2 b)⊕r9/10(4m2 b) 4189(7.5) M13(8m2 b)⊕r10/11(8m2 b) 4188(6.7) Mean 4188(8) use of the higher moments and their ratios reduce notably the er- rors in the mass determinations. Though it is difficult to estimate the systematic errors of the approach, we can expect that they are at most equal to the ones quoted in this paper. These new re- sults are also in perfect agreement with the ones quoted in Eq. (5) from a recent global fit of the (axial-)vector and (pseudo)scalar charmonium and bottomium systems using Laplace sum rules [3]. Some comments on the existing estimates of the quark masses and gluon condensates from SVZ-(ratios of) moments are given in Section 5. Our results are comparable with recent results from non-relativistic approaches [33]b u t more accurate. References [1]S. Narison, Phys. Lett. B 706 (2012) 412. [2]S. Narison, Phys. Lett. B 693 (2010) 559, Erratum: Phys. Lett. 705 (2011) 544.[3]S. Narison, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 33 (10) (2018) 1850045. [4]M.A . Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein, V.I. Zakharov, Nucl. Phys. B 147 (1979) 385. [5]M.A . Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein, V.I. Zakharov, Nucl. Phys. B 147 (1979) 448. [6]V.I. Zakharov, Talk given at the Sakurai’s price, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 14 (1999) 4865. [7]S. Narison, Camb. Monogr. Part. Phys. Nucl. Phys. Cosmol. 17 (2004) 1–778, arXiv:hep -ph /0205006. [8]S. Narison, World Sci. Lect. Notes Phys. 26 (1989) 1. [9]S. Narison, Phys. Rep. 84 (1982) 263. [10]S. Narison, Acta Phys. Pol. B 26 (1995) 687. [11]L.J. Reinders, H. Rubinstein, S. Yazaki, Phys. Rep. 127 (1985) 1. [12]B.L. Ioffe, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 56 (2006) 232. [13]E. de Rafael, arXiv:hep -ph /9802448. [14]F. J. Yndurain, Phys. Rep. 320 (1999) 287. [15]S. Narison, Phys. Lett. B 707 (2012) 259. [16]C. Patrignari, et al., Particle Data Group, Chin. Phys. C 40 (2016) 100001. [17]B.L. Ioffe, K.N. Zyablyuk, Eur. Phys. J. C 27 (2003) 229. [18]S.N. Nikolaev, A.V. Radyushkin, Nucl. Phys. B 213 (1983) 285. [19]S.N. Nikolaev, A.V. Radyushkin, Phys. Lett. B 110 (1983) 476. [20]Fo r a review, see e.g.: S. Bethke, Nucl. Part. Phys. Proc. 282–284 (2017) 149. [21]Fo r a review, see e.g.: A. Pich, arXiv:1303 .2262 [PoSConfin. X, 022 (2012)]. [22]Fo r a review, see e.g.: G. Salam, arXiv:1712 .05165 [hep -ph]. [23]E. Bagan, J.I. Latorre, P. Pascual, R. Tarrach, Nucl. Phys. B 254 (1985) 55. [24]K. Chetyrkin, R. Harlander, J.H. Kuhn, M. Steinhauser, Nucl. Phys. B 503 (1997) 339. [25]B. Dehnadi, A.H. Hoang, V. Mateu, S.M. Zebarjad, J. High Energy Phys. 1309 (2013) 103. [26]K.G. Chetyrkin, et al., Phys. Rev. D 80 (2009) 074010; K.G. Chetyrkin, et al., Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 116007. [27]A. Maier, et al., Nucl. Phys. B 824 (2010) 1. [28]R. Boughezal, M. Czakon, T. Schutzmeier, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 074006. [29]S. Narison, V.I. Zakharov, Phys. Lett. B 522 (2001) 266. [30]D.J. Broadhurst, P.A. Baikov, V.A. Ilyin, J. Fleischer, O.V. Tarasov, V.A. Smirnov, Phys. Lett. B 329 (1994) 103. [31]D. Boito, et al., Phys. Rev. D 91 (3) (2015) 034003. [32]A. Pich, A. Rodriguez-Sanchez, Phys. Rev. D 94 (3) (2016) 034027. [33]C. Peset, A. Pineda, J. Segovia, arXiv:1806 .05197, 2018." 303 W4323899612.pdf 3 "Prosiding Seminar Nas ional Fisika (E -Journal) VOLUME XI, JANUARI 2023 p-ISSN: 2339 -0654 e-ISSN: 2476 -9398 Seminar Nasional Fisika 202 2 Program Studi Fisika dan Pendidikan Fisika , Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Negeri J akarta PF-4 Development (Pengembangan) Setelah membuat rancangan, seluruh rancangan dan desain direalisasikan menjadi modul digital fisika. Bedasarkan diagram alir pada rancangan model, setelah proses tahap pembuatan modul digit al akan diuji kelayak an dari produk , maka dalam tahap ini akan dilakukan beberapa kegiatan, yaitu: a. Realisasi desain media pembelajaran. Pada tahapan ini skema dan desain produk yang telah dibuat akan direalisasikan menggunakan sigil s oftware , sehingga meng hasilkan sebu ah produk berupa modul digital EMO -GE (Elektronik Modul Geothermal) sebagai media/bahan belajar bagi si swa. b. Uji validasi kelayakan ahli materi dan ahli media. Pada tahap ini dibutuhkan instrumen berupa angket penilaian da ri ahli materi dan ahl i media. Hasil dari uji validasi kelayakan dari ahli media dan ahli materi akan digunakan untuk meperbaiki /merevisi produk, sehingga produk layak digunakan sebagai media belajar bagi siswa. c. Revisi Revisi merupakan suatu tahapan di mana menjadikan suatu pr oduk layak d igunakan oleh siswa sebagai media belajar yang akan membatu siswa dalam memahami materi. Implementation (Implementasi) Pada tahap implementasi , hal yang dilakukan yaitu uji coba dalam pembelajaran fisika. Hasil dari pengem bangan media belajar a kan diuji cob a kepada guru dan peserta didik SMAN 21 Jakarta. Kemudian guru dan peserta didik diberi angket sebagai hasil kelayakan dan sebagai tempat saran dan kritik modul digital. Evaluation (Evaluasi) Evaluasi dilakukan pada setia p tahapan proses, sete lah menganali sis data, merancang produk, membuat produk, serta setelah melakukan implementasi. Tahap evaluasi dilaku kan perbaikan dari pengembangan produk. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Aplikasi Canva sebagai salah satu aplikasi online yang g ratis dan berbayar berb asis online dapat digunakan untuk mendesah media pembelajaran dengan beberapa template yang tersedia [9]. Aplikasi Canva merupakan aplikasi desain grafis yang menyediakan tools berupa input foto, video, dan font. Materi yang digunak an dalam penelitian ini adalah sumb er energi Panas Bumi. Secara geologis Indonesia terletak di pertemuan tiga lempeng tektonik utama, lemp eng Eurasia, Indo - Australia, dan Pasifik. Kondisi geologis in i berdampak pada jumlah energi panas bumi di Indonesia. Modul digital berfungsi sebagai baha n ajar yang dicetak dan dikembangkan dalam bentuk digital sehingga pembelajaran siswa tidak lagi bergan tung pada guru sebagai satu -satunya sumber informasi [10]. Med ia pembelajaran elektronik saat ini dibuat menarik dan m enyenangkan sehingga pr oses pembela jaran tercapai dengan baik, salah satu media pembelajaran elektronik adalah bahan ajar berupa modul digi tal [1 1]. Modul digital adalah versi elektron ik dari modul cetak yang dapat dibaca di komputer atau android, di mana pembuatan modul digital memerlukan perangkat lunak . Modul digital adalah modul cetak versi elektronik, perangkat yang digunakan seperti komputer, laptop, handphone atau perangkat e lektronik lainnya [1 2]. Modul digital merupakan bentuk penyajian materi pemb elajaran mandiri yang d isusun secar a sistematis menjadi satuan pembelajaran terkecil untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran tertentu, yang disajikan ke dalam format elektronik di mana terdapat animasi, audio, navigasi yang membuat pengguna lebih interaktif dan sifat penggunaannya. Modul digital berfungsi sebagai bahan ajar yang dicetak dan dikembangkan dalam bentuk digital sehingga pembelajar an siswa tidak lagi bergantung pada guru se bagai satu -satunya sumber informasi [9]. Modul pembelajaran digital yang baik memiliki beberapa kara kteristik, y aitu self-instruction, self - contained, stand alone, adaptive and user friendly." 304 W3014614299.pdf 0 "RESEARCH ARTICLE Cerebellar –cortical dysconnectivity in resting-state associated with sensorimotor tasks in schizophrenia Dae-Jin Kim1| Alexandra B. Moussa-Tooks1,2| Amanda R. Bolbecker1,3| Deborah Apthorp4,5| Sharlene D. Newman1,2| Brian F. O'Donnell1,2,3| William P. Hetrick1,2,3 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 2Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 3Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 4School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia 5Research School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia Correspondence Dae-Jin Kim, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405.Email: daejkim@indiana.edu Funding information Brain and Behavior Research Foundation; Indiana Clinical and Translational SciencesInstitute, Grant/Award Numbers: TL1 TR001107, UL1 TR001108; National Institute of Mental Health, Grant/Award Numbers: R01 MH074983, R21 MH091774, T32 MH103213Abstract Abnormalities of cerebellar function have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Since the cerebellum has afferent and efferent projections to diverse brain regions, abnormalities in cerebellar lobules could affect functional connectivity with multiple functional systems in the brain. Prior studies, however, have not exam- ined the relationship of individual cerebellar lobules with motor and nonmotor resting-state functional networks. We evaluated these relationships using resting-state fMRI in 30 patients with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and 37 healthy comparison participants. For connectivity analyses, the cerebellum was parcellated into 18 lobular and vermal regions, and functional connectivity of each lobule to 10 major functional networks in the cerebrum was evaluated. The relationship between functional connectivity measures and behavioral performance on sensori- motor tasks (i.e., finger-tapping and postural sway) was also examined. We found cerebellar –cortical hyperconnectivity in schizophrenia, which was predominantly associated with Crus I, Crus II, lobule IX, and lobule X. Specifically, abnormal cerebel- lar connectivity was found to the cerebral ventral attention, motor, and auditory net- works. This cerebellar –cortical connectivity in the resting-state was differentially associated with sensorimotor task-based behavioral measures in schizophrenia and healthy comparison participants —that is, dissociation with motor network and associ- ation with nonmotor network in schizophrenia. These findings suggest that functional association between individual cerebellar lobules and the ventral attentional, motor, and auditory networks is particularly affected in schizophrenia. They are also consis- tent with dysconnectivity models of schizophrenia suggesting cerebellar contribu- tions to a broad range of sensorimotor and cognitive operations. KEYWORDS cerebellum, functional connectivity, schizophrenia, finger tapping, postural swayReceived: 2 December 2019 Revised: 15 March 2020 Accepted: 25 March 2020 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25002 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any me dium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Brain Mapp. 2020;41:3119 –3132. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/hbm 3119" 305 W3185414455.pdf 14 "Sakran, Sergio Susmallian, Levent Karagöz, Murat Akbaba, Salih Zeki Pişkin, Ahmet Ziya Balta, Zafer Senol, Emilio Manno, Michele Giuseppe Iovino, Ahmed Osman, Mohamed Qassem, Sebastián Arana-Garza, Heitor P. Povoas, Marcos Leão Vilas-Boas, David Naumann, Jonathan Super, Alan Li, Basil J Ammori, Hany Balamoun, Mohammed Salman, Amrit Manik Nasta, Ramen Goel, Hugo Sánchez-Aguilar, Miguel F Herrera, Adel Abou-Mrad, Lucie Cloix, Guilherme Silva Mazzini, Leonardo Kristem, Andre Lazaro, Jose Campos, Joaquín Bernardo, Jesús González, Carlos Trindade, Octávio Viveiros, Rui Ribeiro, David Goitein, David Hazzan, Lior Segev, Tamar Beck, Hernán Reyes, Jerónimo Monterrubio, Paulina García, Marine Benois, Radwan Kassir, Alessandro Contine, Moustafa Elsh afei, Sueleyman Aktas, Sylvia Weiner, Till Heidsieck, Luis Level, Silvia Pinango, Patricia Martinez Ortega, Rafael Moncada, Victor Valenti, Ivan Vlahovi ć. Zdenko Boras, Arnaud Liagre, Francesco Martini, Gildas Juglard, Manish Motwani, Sukhvinder Singh Saggu, Hazem Al Momani, Luis Adolfo Aceves López, María Angelina Contreras C ortez, Rodrigo Aceves Zavala, Christine D ’Haese RN, Ivo Kempeneers, Jacques Himpens, Andrea Lazzati, Luca Paolino, Sarah Bathaei, Abdulkadir Bedirli, Ayd ın Yavuz, Ça ğrıBüyükkasap, Safa Özayd ın, Andrzej Kwiatkowski, Katarzyna Bartosiak, Maciej Wal ędziak, Antonella Santonicola, Luigi Angrisani, Paola Iovino, Rossella Palma, Angelo Iossa, Cristian Eugeniu Boru, Francesco De Angelis, Gianfranco Silecchia, Abdulzahra Hussain, Srivinasan B alchandra, Izaskun Balciscueta Coltell, Javier Lorenzo Pérez, Ashok Bohra, Altaf K Awan, Brijesh Madhok, Paul C Leeder, Sherif Awad, Waleed Al-Khyatt, Ashraf Shoma, Hosam Elghadban, Sameh Ghareeb, Bryan Mathews, Marina Kurian, Andreas Larentzakis, Gavriella Zoi Vrakopoulou, Konstantinos Albanopoulos, Ahemt Bozdag, Azmi Lale, Cuneyt Kirkil, Mursid Dincer, Ahmad Bashir, Ashraf Haddad, Leen Abu Hijleh, Bruno Zilberstein, Danilo Dallago de Marchi, Willy Petrini Souza, Carl Magnus Brodén, Hjörtur Gislason, Kamran Shah, Antonio Ambrosi, Giovanna Pavone, Nicola Tartaglia, S Lakshmi Kumari Kona, Kalyan K, Cesar Ernesto Guevara Perez, Miguel Alberto Forero Botero, Adrian Covic, Daniel Timofte, Madalina Maxim, Dashti Faraj, Larissa Tseng, Ronald Liem, Gürdal Ören, Evren Dilektasli, Ilker Yalcin, Hudhaifa AlMukhtar, Mohammed Al Hadad, Rasmi Mohan, Naresh Arora, Digvijaysingh Bedi, Claire Rives-Lange, Jean-Marc Chevallier, Tigran Poghosyan, Hugues Sebbag, Lamia Zinaï, Saadi Khaldi, Charles Mauchien, Davide Mazza, Georgiana Dinescu, Bernardo Rea, Fernando Pérez-Galaz, Luis Zavala, Anais Besa, Anna Curell, Jose M Balibrea, Carlos Vaz, Luis Galindo, Nelson Silva, José Luis Estrada Caballero, Sergio Ortiz Sebastian, João Caetano Dallegrave Marchesini, Ricardo Arcanjo da Fonseca Pereira, Wagner Herbert Sobottka, Felipe Eduardo Fiolo, Matias Turchi, Antonio Claudio Jamel Coelho, Andre Luis Zacaron, André Barbosa, Reynaldo Quinino, Gabriel Menaldi, Nicolás Paleari, Pedro Martinez-Duartez, Gabriel Martínez de Aragon Ramírez de Esparza, Valentin Sierra Esteban, Antonio Torres, Jose Luis Garcia- Galocha, Miguel Josa, Jose Manuel Pacheco-Garcia, Maria Angeles Mayo-Ossorio, Pradeep Chowbey, Vandana Soni, Hercio Azevedo de Vasconcelos Cunha, Michel Victor Castilho, Rafael Meneguzzi Alves Ferreira, Thiago Alvim Barreiro, Alexandros Charalabopoulos, Elias Sdralis, Spyridon Davakis, Benoit Bomans, Giovanni Dapri, Koenraad Van Belle, MazenTakieddine, Pol Vaneukem, Esma Seda Akal ınK a r a c a , Fatih Can Karaca, Aziz Sumer, Caghan Peksen, Osman Anil Savas, Elias Chousleb, Fahad Elmokayed, Is lam fakhereldin, Hany Mohamed Aboshanab, Talal Swelium, Ahmad Gudal, Lamees Gamloo, Ayushka Ugale, Surendra Ugale, Clara Boeker, Christian Reetz, Ibrahim Ali Hakami, Julian Mall, Andreas Alexandrou, Efstratia Baili, Zsolt Bodnar, Almantas Maleckas, Rita Gudaityte, Cem Emir Guldogan, Emre Gundogdu, Mehmet Mahir Ozmen, Deepti Thakkar, Nandakishore Dukkipati, Poonam Shashank Shah, Shashank Subhashchandra Shah, Simran Shashank Shah, Md Tanveer Adil, Periyathambi Jambulingam, Ra vikrishna Mamidanna, Douglas Whitelaw, Md Tanveer Adil, Vigyan Jain, Deepa Kizhakke Veetil, Randeep Wadhawan, Antonio To rres, Max Torres, Tabata Tinoco,Wouter Leclercq, Marleen Romeijn, Kelly van de Pas, Ali K. Alkhazraji, Safwan A. Taha, Murat Ustun, Taner Yigit, Aatif Inam, Muhammad Burhanulhaq, Abdo lreza Pazouki, Foolad Eghbali, Mohammad Kermansaravi, Amir Hosein Davarpanah Jazi, Mohsen Mahmoudieh, Neda Mogharehabed, Gregory Tsiotos, Konstantinos Stamou, Francisco J. Barrera Rodriguez, Marco A. Rojas Navarro, Omar Mohamed Torres, Sergio Lopez Martinez, Elda Rocio Maltos Tamez, Gustavo A. Millan Cornejo, Jose Eduardo Garcia Flores, Diya Aldeen Mohammed, Mohamad Hayssam Elfawal, Asim Shabbir, Kim Guowei, Jimmy By So, Elif Tu ğçe Kaplan, Mehmet Kaplan, Tu ğba Kaplan, DangTuan Pham, Gurteshwar Rana, Mojdeh Kappus, Riddish Gadani, Manish Kahitan, Koshish Pokharel, Alan Osborne, Dimitri Pournaras, James Hewes, Errichett a Napolitano, Sonja Chiappetta, Vincenzo Bottino, Evelyn dorado, Axel Schoettler, Daniel Gaertner, Katharina Fedtke, Francisco Aguilar-Espinosa, Saul Aceves-Lozano, Alessandro Balani, Carlo Nagliati, Damiano Pennisi, Andrea Rizzi, Francesco Frattini, Diego Fosch i, Laura Benuzzi, Chirag Parikh, Harshil Shah, Enrico Pinotti, Mauro Montuori, Vincenzo Borrelli, Jerome Dargent, Catalin A Copaescu, Ionut Hutopila, Bogdan Smeu, Bart Witteman, Eric Hazebroek, Laura Deden, Laura Heusschen, Sietske Okkema, Theo Aufenacker, Willem den Hengst, Wouter Vening, Yonta van der Burgh, Ahmad Ghazal, Hamza Ibrahim, Mourad Niazi, Bilal Alkhaffaf, Mohammad Altarawni, Giovanni Carlo Cesana, Marco Anselmino, Matteo Uccelli, Stefano Olmi, Christine Stier, Tahsin Akmanlar, Thomas Sonnenberg, Uwe Schieferbein, Alejandro Marcolini, Diego Awruch, Marco Vicentin, Eduardo Lemos de Souza Bastos, Samuel Azenha Gregorio, Anmol Ahuja, Tarun mittal, Roel Bolckmans, Tom Wiggins, Clément Baratte, Judith Aron Wisnewsky, Laurent Genser, Lynn Chong, Lillian Taylor, Salena Ward, Lynn Chong, Lillian Taylor, Michael W Hi, Helen Heneghan, Naomi Fearon, Andreas Plamper, Karl Rheinwalt, Helen Heneghan, Justin Geoghegan, Kin Cheung Ng, Naomi Fearon, Krzysztof Kaseja, Maciej Kotowski, Tarig A Samarkandy, Adolfo Leyva-Alvizo, Lourdes Corzo-Culebro, Cunchuan Wang, Wah Yang, Zhiyong Dong, Manel Riera, Rajesh Jain, Hosam Hamed, Mohammed Said, Katia Zarzar, Manuel Garcia, Ahmet Gökhan Türkçapar, Ozan Şen, Edoardo Baldini, Luigi Conti, Cacio Wietzycoski, Eduardo Lopes, Tade ja Pintar, Jure Salobir, Cengiz Aydin, Semra Demirli Atici, An ılErgin , Huseyin Ciyiltepe, Mehmet Abdussamet Bozkurt, Mehmet Celal Kizilkaya, Nezihe Berrin Dodur Onalan, Mariana Nabila Binti Ahmad Zuber, Wei Jin Wong, Amador Garcia, Laura Vidal, Marc Beisani, Jorge Pasquier, Ramon Vilallonga, Sharad Sharma, Chetan Parmar, Lyndcie Lee, Pratik Sufi, Hüseyin Sinan, Mehmet Saydam Author Contribution Concept: RS and KM Manuscript writing and reviewing: all authors Figures: CL Analysis: RS, GR, and GG Data collection and conduct: RS Funding This study is funded by Bariatric Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust. Declarations Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent All procedures per- formed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research commit- tee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study by the respective GENEVA collaborators. Conflict of Interest The authors declare no competing interests.4286 OBES SURG (2021) 31:4272–4288" 306 W2195000354.pdf 0 "CORRECTION Correction: Cysteine String Protein Limits Expression of the Large Conductance,Calcium-Activated K +(BK) Channel Eva Ahrendt, Barry Kyle, Andrew P. Braun, Janice E. A. Braun Fig 1C is incorrect as it shows the wrong actin blot. The authors have provided a corrected ver- sion of Fig 1 here. Additionally, there is a sentence missing from the caption for Fig 3 . Please see the complete, correct Fig 3 caption here. The missing sentence is highlighted in bold. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0140073 October 2, 2015 1/3 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Ahrendt E, Kyle B, Braun AP , Braun JEA (2015) Correction: Cysteine String Protein LimitsExpression of the Large Conductance, Calcium-Activated K +(BK) Channel. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0140073. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140073 Published: October 2, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Ahrendt et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of theCreative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in anymedium, provided the original author and source arecredited." 307 W3033002491.pdf 1 " Ки ї вський нац і ональний ун і верситет і мен і Тараса Шевченка Ihar Pushkin Ph . D . in History , Associate Professor , Department of Humanitarian Disciplines, Mogilev State University of Food Technologies , Belarus THE ORIGINS OF CORRUPTION AND ABUSE OF POWER IN THE SOVIET PAST (EXAMPLE OF BELARUS) Abstract. Using the example of the BSSR the article analyzes the historical background of corruption and abuse of power in modern society. Mistakes and shortcomings in the personnel policy of the party - state leadership of Soviet Belarus are shown. The failure of economic policy is stated to have been caused by a number of objective and subjective factors including imperfecti on of the personnel selection system, weakening of state and labor discipline, spread o f drunkenness and alcoholism, theft of state and public property. It is noted that in the 1970 - 1980s the number of embezzlement and misappropriations, the facts of using one's official position for personal enrichment did not steadily decline but increased , which resulted in great material damage to the national economy. A feature of that period was the fact that the facts of organized and corrupt crime were revealed in the USSR and Be larus. The most notorious cases: the numeral facts of venality by the off icials of housing - departments of the Minsk district executive committee (1970), larcenies and abuses in the consumer cooperation in BSSR, especially in Orsha, where the high - level heads of Vitebsk Regional executive committee and Orsha district executive c ommittee as well as some other authority members were involved into official corruption (1973). The negative tendencies of abuse took place also among Party’s and Soviet leaders: in Vitebsk Region during 1975 - 1980 more than 100 authority members were penal ized for different cases of abuse; in 1981 138 heads were brought to responsibility. All these facts caused social tension in the society, disaffection of the population with the activities of the authorities, government and militia of the republic. As a r esult, the party - state leadership lost its authority, which along with economic problems and contention in society led to the collapse of the USSR. It is concluded that numerous facts of upward distortions and fraud bring into question the reliability of r eporting figures on the implementation of plans and programs for the economic development of the BSSR, and numerous modern conflicts in countries that formed the USSR arose in the Soviet past. Keywords: Belarus, historical background of corruption, personn el selection, organized and corrupt crime . Сучаснаму грамадству неабходны аб’ектыўны аналіз, з пункту гледжання гістарычнага вопыту, кадравай палітыкі дзяржаўнай улады, шляхоў фарміравання, зместу і ўдасканалення кадравага патэнцыялу. Сёняшнія шматлікія канфлікты ў краінах, якія раней былі ў складзе СССР, маюць вытокі ў савецкім мінулым і маюць непасрэднае дачыненне да сістэмы падрыхтоўкі і падбору кіруючых кадраў. Наша мэта прааналізаваць гістарычныя перадумовы карупцыі і злоўжыванняў уладаю на прыкладз е БССР у апошнія дзесяцігоддзі яе існавання (1970 – 1991) . Існаванне жорсткага парадку размеркавання кадраў у СССР прыводзіла да таго, што толькі сяброўства ў КПСС адкрывала дарогу спецыялісту для кар’ернага росту. У савецкі час падбор кадраў ажыццяўляўся н а аснове так званых “ аб ’ектывак” і “гутарак” па інстанцыі (ад інспектара да начальніка аддзялення, упраўлення, намесніка міністра, міністра і г.д.). У кандыдата , найперш , вызначалася такая якасць, як адданасць, вернасць справе партыі, а, па сутнасці, таму, хто запрашаў на службу. Прафе сіяналізм таксама быў патрэбен , але ён не быў на першым месцы [2, с. 70] . Роля і значэнне КПСС у справе падрыхтоўкі, фарміравання і кіраванні кадрамі ў 1970 – 1980 - х гг. раскрыты ў шэрагу публікацый савецкіх даследчыкаў. Галоўн ым у іх было тое, што задачы, якія ставіліся перад кадравым складам былі падпарадкаваны не законам развіцця эканомікі, а фарміраванню новага сацыялістычнага ладу пад кіраўніцтвам КПСС [3; 15; 21; 32] . Склад партыйна - савецкага кіраўніцтва і яго роля ў разв іцці эканомікі, сістэма падрыхтоўкі кадраў СССР і БССР у пэўныя гістарычныя перыяды закрануты ў працах, якія з’явіліся ў апошнія дзесяцігоддзі [5; 6; 12; 13; 34] . У сваіх публікацыях даследчыкі не ў поўным аб’ёме асвятлілі пралікі і недахопы ў кадравай пал ітыцы партыйна - дзяржаўнага кіраўніцтва савецкай Беларусі, у прыватнасці праявы карупцыі і злоўжыванняў уладаю. Правал эканамічнай палітыкі ў 1970 – 1980 - я гг. быў выкліканы шэрагам аб’ектыўных і суб’ектыўных фактараў, у тым ліку недасканаласцю сістэмы падбо ру кадраў, іх закасцянеласцю, паслабленнем дзяржаўнай і працоўнай дысцыпліны, распаўсюджва - ннем п’янства і алкагаліз му, крадзяжоў дзяржаўнай і грамадскай уласнасці . Асаблівасцю перыяду стала і тое, што ў СССР і Беларусі былі выяўлены факты арганізаванай і карумпаванай злачыннасці, якія атрымалі шырокі грамадскі рэзананс. Найбольш гучныя справы: ш матлікія факты хабарніцтва сярод кіруючых работнікаў Краснадарскага краю (1982), у гандлёвай арганізацыі “Гастраном” Галоўнага ўпраўлення гандлю Масгарвыканкама (19 83), у Дзяржаўным камітэце СССР па эканамічных сувязях, Міністэрстве знешняга гандлю СССР пры заключэнні здзелак з замежнымі фірмамі (1986), злоўжыванні і парушэнні законнасці ў органах унутраных спраў Іркуцкай вобласці (1986) і іншыя [8, арк. 1; 4, арк. 1; 9, арк. 1; 11, арк. 1 – 4]. У БССР гэта так званыя “мінская” і “аршанская” справы, у якія былі ўцягнуты як гаспадарнікі, так і партыйныя, савецкія работнікі, а таксама супрацоўнікі праваахоўнай сістэмы [2, с. 71] . У пачатку 1970 г. у БССР грамадства было ўзрушана выяўленымі шматлікімі фактамі хабарніцтва з боку чыноўнікаў жыллёвых аддзелаў райвыканкамаў Мінска. 04.01.1973 г. Вярхоўны суд БССР разгледзеў справу аб групе злачынцаў на чале з былым старшынёй Аршанскай райспажыў - кааперацыі М. Барадой, якая зай малася крадзяжом народнага дабра ў асабліва буйных памерах. Варта ўзгадаць, што напрыканцы 1960 - х гг. у СССР самай 96" 308 W2584663609.pdf 0 "Vol.:(0123456789)1 3Cancer Causes Control (2017) 28:155–165 DOI 10.1007/s10552-016-0847-x ORIGINAL PAPER Adjustment for tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption by simultaneous analysis of several types of cancer Tor Haldorsen1 · Jan Ivar Martinsen1 · Kristina Kjærheim1 · Tom K. Grimsrud1   Received: 22 October 2015 / Accepted: 28 December 2016 / Published online: 2 February 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com 0.72 (Fishermen), and an increase from 0.47 to 0.95 (For - estry workers). Conclusions We consider the method useful for achiev - ing less confounded estimates of cancer risk in large cohort studies with no available information on smoking and alco-hol consumption. Keywords Alcohol drinking · Bias · Confounding factors · Epidemiological methods · Neoplasms · Tobacco smoking Abbreviations SIR Standardised incidence ratio CI Confidence interval Introduction Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are related to several types of cancer [1] and constitute major risk fac-tors, alone or in combination, for many of them. Unevenly distributed consumption of tobacco and alcohol may, there-fore, seriously hamper the identification of other causal factors in the absence of appropriate confounder control, which may be the case in large studies based on linkage between census data and cancer registries [2, 3]. For dec- ades, methods for control of tobacco smoking in occupa-tional studies have been discussed [4–6] and evaluated [7–10]. Others have assessed the effect of controlling for tobacco and alcohol at the same time [11, 12]. The need for confounder control and bias assessment may vary according to scientific challenge or regulatory questions, but observed variation in cancer risk between regions, over time, and between populations does, indeed, demonstrate that the issue is of some concern [13–17].Abstract Purpose Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are risk factors for several types of cancer and may act as confounders in aetiological studies. Large register-based cohorts often lack data on tobacco and alcohol. We present a method for computing estimates of cancer risk adjusted for tobacco and alcohol without exposure information.Methods We propose the use of confirmatory factor analysis models for simultaneous analysis of several can-cer sites related to tobacco and alcohol. In the analyses, the unobserved pattern of smoking habits and alcohol drinking is considered latent common factors. The models allow for different effects on each cancer site, and also for appro-priate latent site-specific factors for subgroup variation. Results may be used to compute expected numbers of can-cer from reference rates, adjusted for tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. This method was applied to results from a large, published study of work-related cancer based on census data (1970) and 21  years of cancer incidence data from the national cancer registry.Results The results from our analysis were in accord- ance with recognised risks in selected occupational groups. The estimated relative effects from tobacco and alcohol on cancer risk were largely in line with results from Nordic reports. For lung cancer, adjustment for tobacco implied relative changes in SIR between a decrease from 1.16 to Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10552-016-0847-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tom K. Grimsrud tom.k.grimsrud@kreftregisteret.no 1 Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Pb 5313, Majorstuen, 0304 Oslo, Norway" 309 W2622731166.pdf 9 "Murine colonization andascension Deletion ofthepotoperon inencapsulated pneumococcal strain T4severely attenuates its ability tocolonize thenasopharynx ofamouse [17]. However, NESp Δpoth mutant PIP01 expresses higher levels oftheadhesive protein PspK and shows increased biofilm formation Fig4.Epithelia lcelladhesio nand invasion. Changes inepithelial celladhesion andinvasion were assessed using adhesion/ invasion assays with either Detroit 562(pharyn geal) orA549 (lung) human epithel ialcells. Epithelial cells were incubated with 107pneumococ ci andadhered orinternaliz edpneumococc iwere enumerat edonBA.Adhesion toDetroit 562was notsignificantl yaffected bytheabsence ofpotD inMNZ67 (A),butadhesio ntoA549 cells was significantl yincreased intheabsence ofpotD (B).Asignificant differenc ewas not observed between MNZ67 andPIP01 when examining Detroit 562orA549 cellinvasion (CandD).Allsamples were analyzed in triplica teandexperime ntswere performed atleast 3times. Error bars denote standard error ofthemean. https://d oi.org/10.1371 /journal.pone. 0179159.g004 Polyamin etransport andvirulence ofStreptoc occus pneumon iae PLOS ONE |https://doi.or g/10.137 1/journal.po ne.01791 59 June 6,2017 10/19" 310 W4311310868.pdf 6 " Intern ational Journal of Telereha bilitation • telerehab. pitt.edu International Journal of Telerehabilitation • Vol. 14, No. 2 Fall 2022 • (10.5195/ijt.20 22.6492) 7 Participants’ Response Following the intervention, participants were asked to provide their opinions regarding the program in a free -writing format. Some of the positive comments were as follows: “It was just as good online as in -person classes,” “It was nice to participate from home,” and “I learned how to use my smart phone.” Conversely, three respondents commented negatively due to poor connection: “It was hard to hear the sound.” Discussion This study aimed to (1) examine the feasibility of an online interactive exercise class for community -dwelling older adults and (2) preliminarily examine changes in physical activity and self -efficacy. Throughout the onl ine interactive exercise class, none of the participants experienced serious adverse events, and only minor problems associated with the online implementation of the intervention occurred. Additionally, the responses from participants were positive. The Wi lcoxon rank - sum test results showed significant improvements in the m -GES score and daily steps pre -intervention and post -intervention. Furthermore, self -rated health was significantly greater in the maintained/improved group, based on the result of the ch i- square test. The average age of the participants was 76.9 years, approximately the same as that in previous studies of community - dwelling older adults (Nishiguch et al., 2015; Suzuki et al., 2004). Regarding frailty status, the proportion of participants in the robust group was similar to, that in the pre -frail group was lower than, and that in the frail group was higher than those in a previous study conducted in Japan using the same index (Yamada et al., 2015). Thus, the participants in this study were more likely to be frail than the general community -dwelling older population. A review of intervention studies on fall prevention in the community -dwelling older population reported a withdrawal rate of 9.1% –16% and a participation rate of over 80% after a 2–3-month intervention period (Nyman et al., 2012). Moreover, a previous study conducting online interactive exercise sessions for adults aged 25 –58 years reported a withdrawal rate of 50% (Santabarbara et al., 2022). An online intervention study of cance r patients an average age of 65 years, reported participation rates of 80% for one -on-one online sessions and 29% for group -based programs (Dennett et al. 2021). In this study, the withdrawal and participation rates were comparable to those of intervention studies conducted in community -dwelling older individuals, which is considered to be a good rate for online interventions. Additionally, no serious problems such as falls or physical illnesses occurred during the intervention period. Therefore, the progra m could be conducted safely. A few participants experienced poor communication conditions owing to audio and video problems. However, in most cases, the situation improved by simple on -the-spot operations and did not pose a major problem. During the implem entation stage, these technical problems were considered as issues that can be resolved by preparing the communication environment in advance. When participants provided free -writing comments about the program, the majority were positive. Based on the abov e findings, an online interactive program for community -dwelling older adults was considered feasible. Results of pre - and post -intervention comparisons showed that the m -GES scores and daily steps significantly improved after the intervention. Further, th e maintained/improved group showed significantly greater post -intervention self -rated health. A previous study reported that an in -person exercise class for community -dwelling older adults significantly improved their self - efficacy for walking, falling, an d daily steps (Nishiguch et al., 2015; Suzuki et al., 2004). Furthermore, some participants reported that their self -rated health was maintained or increased after participating in the exercise classes (Barenfeld et al., 2018; Behm et al., 2014). In this s tudy, the exercise class was conducted in an online setting, and the results were similar to those obtained in -person. However, findings of reviews on step counts showed that continuous monitoring improved the step counts (Chaudhry et al., 2020). Therefore , the daily reporting of step count might have contributed to the improvement in the step count in this study, and this intervention should be closely examined. The m -FES score did not improve. In this study, the mean m -FES score was 130.5 pre -intervention . A previous study that measured the m -FES score in community -dwelling older individuals reported a mean value of 113.7 –123.1 (Quigley et al., 2014). The highest m -FES score was 140. It is possible that the participants in this study did not show a signifi cant improvement as their baseline m -FES score was high. This study had several limitations. First, it was a before -and-after study and not a randomized controlled trial. Further investigation of the effectiveness of this intervention is required. Second, the intervention only lasted for a short time. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare recommends that care prevention programs should be conducted for at least three months (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2022a). Since this study was only cond ucted for a month, further study is required to determine the effectiveness of the program when performed over a longer period. In addition, this study required" 311 W4304172135.pdf 4 "J. Y ang et al.: Measurement Report: Abundance and fractional solubilities of aerosol metals in urban Hong Kong 1407 Figure 1. Seasonal average concentrations of total elemental metals in size-fractionated aerosols sampled by the MOUDI with the following nominal cut points (Dp): 0.056 µm (size fraction 1), 0.1 µm (size fraction 2), 0.18 µm (size fraction 3), 0.32 µm (size fraction 4), 0.56 µm (size fraction 5), 1.0 µm (size fraction 6), 1.8 µm (size fraction 7), 3.2 µm (size fraction 8), 5.6 µm (size fraction 9), 10 µm (size fraction 10), and 18 µm (size fraction 11). The error bars represent 1 standard deviation of the seasonal average value. pHD" 312 W4396224570.pdf 5 "Oosthuizen et al. 10.3389/feduc.2024.1346907 Frontiers in Education 06 frontiersin.orgTABLE 4 Diploma of Environmental Health student enrolments (2017–2023). 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Enrolled 5 5 9 16 29 25 11 Completed 1 1 3 5 11 * *2023 Completion data is not yet available. TABLE 5 Occupational Environmental Health and Safety degree enrolment data 2019–2023. Student category2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Enrolled 2 11 9 15 24 Completed 2 2 0 3 1* This number does not include 2023 Semester 2 data which is not yet available. This feedback attests to the university’s commitment to prepare its graduates to be able to secure employment in a range of working environments, training them to participate in employment interviews; and to practice professional conduct to enhance employability. All students studying the health science degree are required to undertake a minimum of 75 h of practicum with an employer in their area of study. It is worth noting that one student highlighted the assistance received to overcome a disability while learning. The lecturing staff across the OEHS major; with the support of the university’s Access and Inclusion team, was invaluable to this student while undertaking their studies at ECU. 3 Discussion Edith Cowan University is a relatively new university that was established in 1991 in the Northern suburbs of the Perth Metropolitan area in Western Australia. As a new university in a relatively small city that has five universities (four public and one private) it was important for ECU to distinguish itself from the other well-established universities and ECU strives to provide industry-relevant teaching and research. ECU courses are developed with graduate employability as a key focus, and they are designed and regularly reviewed in consultation with industry. Teaching staff at ECU have extensive industry-based experience and networks. Work integrated learning placement opportunities, as well as fieldwork, and practicums are important aspects of ECU courses, and key to enable students to develop important employability skills to function effectively in the work environment ( Jackson, 2013a ,b). Such a student-centered approach, essential for student retention and success ( Taylor, 2013 ) has been rewarded as the university has received five-star ratings for undergraduate teaching quality for the last 17 years consecutively (Edith Cowan University, 2023 ). Environmental health officers provide a core public health service, and EH is a profession that is in high demand globally with a long- recognized skills shortage. Despite the demand, EH is not a popular career choice for school leavers and many people come into the profession later in life with several post graduate courses now on offer (Cromar, 2006 ; Dunn et al., 2018 ; Whiley et al., 2018 ; Oosthuizen et al., 2022 ). One of the first undergraduate degree courses that was developed at ECU was the BHlthSc and this course offered a minor in Environmental Health which was not accredited by EHA, and so did not lead to employment as an EHO. In the early years, the BHlthSc attracted more mature age students than school leavers and these students were studying to improve their employment prospects, so it was decided in 2006 to develop an accredited EH program in collaboration with EHA and the local EH fraternity. Although the previous versions of EH teaching had been delivered in the School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, by a relatively junior academic with an EH background, the degree was established in the School of Science. Many of the senior academics involved with the course design were environmental scientists, and they did not have a clear understanding of the role of EHOs as part of a Public Health team, this influenced the direction of the course, and it became too focused on environmental management, which meant that the course ended up being a 4-year long degree. In Australia, all undergraduate EH degrees are 3-year courses and so this placed the course at a distinct disadvantage, and it never was viable, producing only two graduates. This initiative consumed significant resources and the School of Science decided to archive it. The lesson learned from this failed initiative is the fact that EH academics were not driving the process and there were too many senior staff in power positions and with vested interests including irrelevant curriculum content, hence the course lost its Public Health focus. The course should have been located within the health discipline. It is an EHA accreditation requirement (Clause 4.6), that the coordinator of the course should be a qualified EHO and member of the association ( Environmental Health Australia, 2014 ), yet the only EHO on staff was employed in a different school. The suite of EH courses that were developed since 2011 have been immersed in the EH profession from the very start and the program was developed to meet EHA accreditation requirements with significant input from a highly engaged industry consultative committee and several targeted focus group discussions. The W A Government Department of Health, and the Department of Water and Environmental Regulation were also part of the course development process, their inclusion from the outset ensured that the course met the statutory training requirements of the regulators. EH degrees offered at universities in Australia were targeted at high school students who were required to achieve the minimum Australian Tertiary Academic Ranking (ATAR) requirements to study at university, which is a number between 0.00 and 99.95 ( Universities Admission Centre, n.d. ). This number reflects a student’s relative position to others falling in the same age bracket. The major disadvantage of such a system is the possible exclusion of students who, due to other extenuating circumstances may fail to achieve the required score for university entry, yet given the opportunities, may well proceed to successfully complete any university course and enter the environmental health profession. Furthermore, the results of the focus group discussion with practicing EHOs indicated that several cadres employed as TOs in local government were already carrying out some EHO dues, albeit without formal qualifications not currently offered in Australia’s" 313 W2620132349.pdf 1 " Physical Layer Impairments ( PLIs ): the Amplified Spontaneous Emission ( ASE ) noise, Cross -Phase Modulation (XPM), Four -Wave Mixing (FWM), and dispersion. The ASE noise, XPM and FWM gen erate the beat noise (i.e., crosstalk) terms at th e receiver. Further, assuming that the signal power for bit ‘0’ is zero, the BER and the noise powers are given as            11 0 2 2 41  T S T I IerfcIerfc BER , (1) where 1 00 1 1 0      S STI II , (2) and 1SI and 0SI are the signal currents due to the reception of bit ‘1’ and ‘0’ respectively. Further, 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2) 1 ( Thermal XPM signal FWM signal FWM ASEASE ASE signal ASE shot ASE signal                     (3) and 2 22 2 2) 0 ( Thermal FWM ASEASE ASE shot ASE          , (4) where in (3) and (4), 2 Thermal , 2 shot , 2 signal are the thermal noise, the shot noise, and the signal noise variance respectively, 2 2 2, , FWM ASE ASE ASE shot ASE      are the ASE - shot noise, ASE -ASE and ASE -FWM beat noise respectively, and 2 2 2, ,XPM signal FWM signal signal ASE      are the ASE -signal, signal -FWM and signal -XPM beat noise respectively. Further , the design steps in our work are detailed as follows: 1) Initially, the k-shortest paths (k-SPs) between every network topology s-d pair are determined . 2) Then, over the possible routes, for a candidate lig htpath, the BER is evaluated with a certain format of modulation ; hence, it is check ed whether the evaluated BER is less than the specified threshold or not. 3) The above step is repea ted for all the line rates, hence, based on the BER threshold , specific line rate feasibility (or viability) for every s-d pair is ensured. 4) For few s-d pairs which are distant apart, and have non - viable higher line rates, the above p rocedure is repeated with the appropriate modulation format, whose extended reach makes few more lightpaths feasible over the higher line rates, which were infeasible with the previously used format owing to constraint set by the BER threshold . 5) With this pre -processed data as the input, a mathematical formulation of the problem is developed in the form of an MILP , which is detailed as follows: Input : ) , (E V G : Network topology comprising of a set of V nodes and a set of E links;  d s T : Matrix consisting of the traffic having the total Gbps requests of d s between a n s-d pair;  kR R R R ,...... ,2 1 : Line rate a vailable set; kTP : Transponder (with rate kR ) cost; A : Cost of an amplifier ; n mA : On a fiber, the amplifier numbers over the link with nodes m and n. For a span distance L = 80 km bet ween adjacent amplifiers (EDFAs), the amount of EDFAs for the link of a fiber is given as   2 1   L L Amnn m ; where, mnL denotes length of span of the f iber between m and n. pC : Electronic processing (per Gbps) cost i.e., cost of OEO conversion . j il : Lightpath length in km between a n s–d pair; n ml : Link (physical) between m and n; W : Maximum amount(s) of the wavelength (s) on a link ;   W,....2 , 1 ; B : BER threshold which is set to 10-12. Any light path with a BER greater than the threshold is rejected; k j i BER : BER of a lightpath between an s–d pair i-j at a line rate kR and a wavelength  ;  ,),, ( else 0for 1 k j iB BER bijk ijk    ; denotes the lightpath feasibil ity based on the threshold BER. Hence, ijkb determines the feasibility of a lightpath between a node (s) pair over a specific wavelength and bit rate. n mP : Lightpath (s) set passing through the link n ml . Variables: k j iX : Lightpath (s) number(s) at a rate kR and a wavelength  between the nodes i- j; d s j iF : Between s-d, traffic which is routed on a lightpath i- j. jE : Variable (integer) which denotes the data amount that is carried by the lightpaths ending at node j. Problem formulation: Minimize the overall network cost which consists of (i) number of transponders and the fiber amplifiers, and (ii) the electro nic processing used for setting up the multi -hop connections (i.e., the s–d connections whose establishment occurs over many i.e., multiple lightpaths. ), which is mathematically given as follows:        jp jn mmn mn j i kk k j i C EF A A TP X MinimizeObjective ,:  (5) The objective function i n (5) is constrained by: International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics, Signals and Systems Vol. 6, No. 2 (2017) 62" 314 W4362604491.pdf 0 "Review of: ""Investigation of the properties of the composition obtained based on mixtures of polyvinyl chloride"" Omdeo Gohatre Potential competing interests: No potential competing interests to declare. The author should explain what exact SKEPT and SREPT. Even not mention the full form at the starting of the manuscript. The abstract of manuscript is not clear and written in poor English. The objective of the current study not defined clearly in the abstract. Introduction part is too small and looking that author has not done in detailed study or survey of the current research topic. In my opinion the current manuscript “Investigation of the properties of the composition obtained based on mixtures of polyvinyl chloride” should not be consider for publication in its current form. Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Review, April 5, 2023 Qeios ID: A8UHHA · https://doi.org/10.32388/A8UHHA 1 / 1" 315 W2141481800.pdf 1 "2 Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports proliferative activity >10%. She was classified as standard risk for recurrence. Analysis of molecular markers was not done as its role was not established then. Postoperatively she received 36 Gy craniospinal radiation with an 18 Gy boost to the posterior fossa followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide. She did well for 10 years until she presented with generalized weakness and hoarseness. ENT evaluation demonstrated left true vocal cord paralysis. Computed tomography (CT) showed a 4.2 × 6.8 cm infiltrat-ing mass that surrounded and extrinsically compressed the left main pulmonary artery, left mainstem bronchus, and dis-tal trachea. The mass was inseparable from the aortic arch and involved the left hilar, subcarinal, pretracheal, and right paratracheal nodes (Figure 1). Positron emission tomogra-phy (PET)/CT showed 18FDG-avid masses involving the left lower lobe, left hilum, and mediastinum, and bilateral supra-clavicular lymph nodes. Excisional biopsy of a left supracla-vicular lymph node showed metastatic high-grade round blue cell malignant neoplasm positive for GFAP, NSE, and synaptophysin (Figure 2). After comparison to the original biopsy, a diagnosis of metastatic medulloblastoma was ren-dered. MRI of the head and spine showed no evidence of tumor or metastases in the central nervous system. She was treated with 3 cycles of weekly cisplatin 30 mg/m 2 and irino- tecan 65 mg/m2 after which PET scan showed a compete response. This was followed by high-dose carboplatin, thio-tepa, and etoposide conditioning followed by autologous stem cell transplant. She tolerated the treatment well and achieved a complete response. Two years later, PET/CT showed increased activity in the mediastinum and supracla-vicular lymph nodes. A biopsy confirmed relapse. She was treated with 6 cycles of carboplatin AUC 4 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m 2 every 21 days. After showing an initial response to the chemotherapy, PET/CT showed tumor progression in the aforementioned sites. She was treated with 50.4 Gy intensity modulated radiotherapy. The mass showed a partial response that has been stable for 4 months.Discussion Medulloblastomas are malignant brain tumors arising from primitive neuroepithelial cells in the cerebellum. They are the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood with peak incidence between 5 and 9 years and a much smaller peak between 20 and 24 years of age. 3,4 Seventy percent are diagnosed before 20 years of age and rare after the fourth decade, consistent with their embryonal origin. 3,4 Since the leptomeninges are involved in 20% to 25% of patients, both spinal MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is recom-mended in all patients, as the results can be discordant. 5 Multimodality therapy with resection followed by radiation to the primary site and the craniospinal axis, and systemic chemotherapy is standard. 6 Treatment of adults is modeled on protocols used in children as there are no prospective studies in adults owing to the rarity of the tumor. In one series by Pobereskin and Treip on 12 adult patients, all but one—who had bone metastases—experienced either a local recurrence or craniospinal metastases. 7 In another study by Ang et al on 25 patients, they had either a local recurrence or metastases within the neuraxis. 8 In a third series of 14 adult patients, the recurrence was primarily in the central nervous system (CNS) apart from bone or bone marrow metastases observed in 3 patients. 9 Similarly, in another series of 42 patients by Prados et al, there were no extraneu-ral metastases apart from 2 patients who developed bone lesions. 10 Extraneural metastases are exceedingly rare in lit- erature. We came across one case with widespread metastatic disease and local recurrence that recurred in the pelvic lymph nodes and soft tissues. 11 We have not come across any adult medulloblastoma patient with mediastinal metastases like our patient. Since spinal leptomeninges can be involved in 20% to 25% of patients, both MRI spine and CSF analysis is recom-mended in all patients at diagnosis, as the results can be dis-cordant. 5 Multimodality therapy with maximal safe resection followed by radiation to the primary site and the craniospinal axis and systemic chemotherapy is the standard treatment in children. Neurologic and endocrine complications are limit-ing factors for higher radiation therapy doses, especially in children less than 3 years old. For children more than 3 years of age with complete resection of tumor, 23.4 Gy craniospi-nal irradiation followed by a posterior fossa boost of 32.4 Gy is the standard recommendation. 6 Treatment in adults is modeled on protocols in older children as there are no ran-domized prospective studies in this age group owing to the rarity in this population. In adults with no evidence of resid-ual disease postsurgery or distant metastases, the role of che-motherapy is controversial as they can tolerate higher doses of radiation therapy. Late relapses are more frequent in adults compared to children. 2,12,13 There is no standard treatment for adult patients who suffer a relapse. Options include surgical resec-tion where possible, followed by chemotherapy and/or Figure 1. CT scan showing the infiltrating mediastinal mass." 316 W4385980047.pdf 4 "other social scientists in dherse disciplines in African society, this book raises many interrogations ""hich should provide sustained socio-historical debates here in Africa and in the African Diaspora. 59" 317 W45258012.pdf 0 "CARDIO VASCULAR MEDICINE Research in Official Journal of Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center Subacute Myocardial Rupture Following Tirofiban Treatment Özgür Çiftçi 1, Murat Günday 2, *, Tonguç Saba 2, Mehmet Özülkü 2 1 Department of Cardiology , Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University , Ankara, Turkey 2 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University , Ankara, Turkey *Corresponding author: Murat Günday , Baskent Universitesi Konya Hastanesi, Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi Bölümü, Hocacihan Mah. Saray Cad. No : 1, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey . Tel: +90-3122126868, Fax: +90-3122237333, E-mail: gundaymurat@yahoo.com ABSTRACT A 74-year-old male patient was admitted to our emergency department with post-MI angina. On account of the anginal complaint that continued for three days, a coronary artery angiography was undertaken. A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed, followed by the implantation of a coronary stent, and coronary perfusion (TIMI-3) was achieved in the left anterior descending artery . Medical treatment (with acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel, metoprolol, atorvastatin and enoxaparine) and tirofiban infusion were duly administered in the coronary care unit. After twenty-four hours, however, acute dyspne, hypotension and tachycardia developed, making it necessary to perform an echocardiography . Since the echocardiography revealed a frank pericardial effusion, the patient was immediately taken to the operation room. The ventricular free wall rupture was repaired with Surgicel, which was prepared in three layers and fixed to the myocardium by tissue glue; cardiopulmonary bypass was not used. To our knowledge, our study constitutes the first case report of a tirofiban-induced free wall rupture. Keywords: Tirofiban; Rupture; Emergencies Copyright © 2013, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Published by Kowsar Corp. Article type: Case Report; Received: 18 Dec 2012; Revised: 08 Jan 2013; Accepted: 26 Feb 2013; Epub: 31 Jul 2013; Ppub: 10 Aug 2013 Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: This study is going to be considered in the use of tirofiban. Please cite this paper as: Çiftçi Ö, Günday M, Saba T, Özülkü M. Subacute Myocardial Rupture Following Tirofiban Treatment. Res Cardiovasc Med.2013;2(3):149- 51. DOI: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.10065 Copyright © 2013, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Published by Kowsar Corp. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which per - mits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.1. Introduction The left ventricular free wall rupture, although rarely encountered, constitutes one of the most fatal compli- cations of acute myocardial infarction. Surgical repair is mandatory , even though operative mortality is high. Ear-ly diagnosis and surgical repair are crucial in treatment. However, it remains controversial which is the most suit-able method of surgical management. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists like abciximab, eptifibatide and tirofi -ban, the last a nonpeptide tyrosine derivative (Aggrastat, Merck & Co), have generally demonstrated good clinical benefits and safety profiles in acute coronary syndrome. But we present in this study a complication of subacute myocardial infarction, involving ventricular free wall rupture that developed after the administration of tiro - fiban. Surgical treatment was administered through the implantation of Surgicel (Ethicon, Inc., a Johnson & John - son company; Somerville, NJ), which was fixed in place with tissue glue." 318 W4313574702.pdf 2 " 15 | Dakwah | Vol 5 | No. 2 | 2022 ABSTRAK Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap model da’wah bil ihsan. Sebuah model da’wah yang didasari dengan ilmu, kesabaran dan kecintaan . Metode Penelitian : Kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian : Pertama: Da’wah bil ihsan mengedepankan ilmu, kecintaan dan kelembut an. Sehingga yang asalnya benci berubah menjadi cinta. Kata ihsan sendiri disebutkan dalam al -Qur’an di beberapa tempat. Kedua dilakukan dengan cara bil ihsan, dengan cara yang paling baik. Karena hal ini penting untuk dilakukan oleh juru da’wah. Keberhasilah da’wah atau seruan sangat tergantung sejauh mana para juru da’ wah memahami seluk -beluk yang berkaitan dengan da’ wahnya. Para ulama menyebutkan ada beberapa un sur pokok dalam melaks anakan da’ wah, ant ara lain; Juru da’wah, objek da’wah, materi da’ wah dan u slub da’ wah atau metode atau juga cara da’ wah.Unsur - unsur pokok da’ wah yang disebutkan itu merupakan sesuatu yang amat penting dalam menunjang keberhasilan da’ wah yang disampaikan. Terkadang da’ wah yang tidak berhasil itu, salah satu sebabnya adalah kurangnya juru da’wah memperhatikan unsur -unsur dan pokok da’ wah di atas tadi. Ketiga: memahami dan memperhatikan empat bekal juru da’ wah yang harus diperhatikan. Keempat: Memperhatikan o byek da’wah , dengan siapa dia berhadapan, orang berilmu atau kah orang yang tidak berilmu. Kelima: Hendaknya memakai metode da’wah yang benar. Keenam: memperhatikan lima sumber da’wah. Ketujuh: Memperhatikan prinsip - prinsip da’wah. Kedelapan: Dilakukan dengan lembut d an bijaksana , itu lah da’wah bil ihsan. Kata Kunci: Da’wah bil Ihsan , konsep, metode, aplikasi PENDAHULUAN Da’wah bil ihsan merupakan pilar terpenting dalam da’wah Islam. Da’wah yang dilandasi dengan ilmu, kesabaran, hikmah dan kelembutan. Kalimat ihsan disebutkan dalam al -Qur’an dalam beberapa tempat, diantaranya dalam al -Baqarah ayat 178, 229, an -Nahl ayat 90.1 Da’wa h bil ihsan bertopang pada ilmu, sabar dan kelembutan, walaupun terkadang dalam prakteknya tidaklah mudah. Sekali lagi, s ungguh tidak mudah. Namun, kita harus nyakin bahwa sejatinya banyak kebaikan jika sikap ihsan ini dilakukan dalam kehidupan da’wah kita. Salah satunya 1 Selain surat -surat di atas juga, disebutkan dalam surat at -Taubah: 100, al -Isra: 23, al -Ahqaf: 15, ar -Rahman: 60, al -Baqarah: 83, an -Nisa: 36, 62, dan al -An’am: 151. Lihat Tarjamah Makna Al_qur’an Bahasa Indonesia, Kompleks Percetakan al -Qur’an Raja Fahd, Saudi Arabia." 319 W2536050198.pdf 7 "Wang et al. Firing Frequency of Fast-Spiking Neurons FIGURE 3 | The correlation between maximal firing frequency and o ther intrinsic properties of human FS neurons. (A) The color coded correlation map of all intrinsic parameters examined in human FS neurons. (B–C)The linear fit of maximal instantaneous frequency vs. AP width (B)and F-I slope (C)of all human FS neurons. cortical FS neurons between species and between cortices. In order to investigate to what extent the firing frequency of FS neurons could reach under physiological activation, we furt her examined the firing of FS neurons in the neocortex of behaving monkey and mouse. In one monkey keeping eye fixation at a target point, we performed single-unit recordings in its posterior parietal cortex ( Figure5A ), which was supposed to be activated during the period of attention captured “bottom-up” by salient stimuli ( Kastner and Ungerleider, 2000; Corbetta and Shulman, 2002 ). Based on their spike waveforms, we identified 18 narrow-spiking units, which were putatively FS neurons (Barthó et al., 2004; Niell and Stryker, 2010 ) and 4 broad- spiking units ( Figures5A,B . see also Materials and Methods), and analyzed all their instantaneous spiking frequencies. W e plotted the cumulative distribution curves of ISIs for indiv idual single units and found the curves of narrow-spiking units are more left-shifted (i.e., higher firing frequency) than thos e of broad-spiking units ( Figure5C ). The maximal instantaneous frequency of those putative FS neurons was 746.0 ±85.8Hz (ranging from 206.7 to 1717.0Hz.), close to that obtained in vitro(611.2±31.3Hz,p=0.16, K-S test. Figure5D ). Considering that FS neurons do not always fire at their highes t frequency during the fixation period, we also examined how often FS neurons fire at high frequencies. With a 1% (or 5%) chance, monkey FS neurons could fire at instantaneous frequencies higher than 542.1 ±85.7Hz (or 363.4 ±59.0Hz. Figures5C,D ). Next, we investigated the firing frequency of cortical FS neurons of mice by recording single units in mouse V1 inresponse to simple visual stimuli (sinusoidal drifting gratin gs. Figure5E ). During a 2-s stimulation period, narrow-spiking units (putatively FS neurons, Figure5E ) transiently elevated their firing frequency at the onset and fired with higher frequency than broad-spiking units ( Figure5F ). By analyzing all the ISIs during the stimulation period of individual single units, we found that narrow-spiking units discharged with a maximal instantaneous frequency of 561.8 ±13.7Hz (n=18), close to that obtained in vitro(581.7±15.0Hz, p=0.09, K-S test, p=0.56, WRS test. Figure5G ). With a 1% (or 5%) chance, narrow-spiking units discharged with instantaneous frequencies higher than 437.7 ±21.0Hz (or 247.1 ±23.1Hz. Figure5G ). Due to lack of a well- establishedbehaviorparadigmtoactivatetheassociationc ortices of mouse, we could not validate the difference in maximal firing frequency of FS neurons between cortices by in vivo recordings. Together, our results demonstrate that the maxi mal firing frequency of FS neurons in vivois comparable to that foundin vitro, and is able to reach near-kilohertz ultrafast frequencies. DISCUSSION In this study, we first described and compared the maximal firing frequencies of FS neurons in human, monkey, and mouse neocortex, and also examined its correlation with different neuronal intrinsic properties. And then, the data about maxim al firing frequency obtained in cortical slices of animals were validated by in vivorecordings in behaving monkey and mouse. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org 8 October 2016 | Volume 10 | Article 239" 320 W2228320946.pdf 3 "4Epidemiology and Health 2016;38:e2016002 CRC was coded as C18-C20 [9]. Deaths from CRC were ascer - tained from the cause of death listed on death certificates. Statistical analysis Person-years were calculated from the baseline enrollment to December 2012 or the date of CRC diagnosis, death, or loss to follow-up. Crude incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years) were calculated from the person-years and number of cases of CRC. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated by using the Cox proportional hazard model, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and regular exercise. These analyses were used after the FSG levels were divided into four categories on the basis of cut-offs at 100 mg/dL, 110 mg/dL, and 126 mg/dL. A chi-square goodness-of-fit test was used to assess whether the SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and to identify differences in genotype frequencies between CRC cases and controls. All statistical tests were two-sided, and statistical significance was determined as p< 0.05. SAS version 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was used for all analyses. RESULTS The basic characteristics of the participants (144,527 in the whole cohort and 1,834 in the subcohort) are summarized in Table 1 and Figure 1. A total of 317 participants were newly di - agnosed with CRC among the 144,527 participants over 771,052 total person-years (mean follow-up 5.3 years) through to De - cember 2012. The crude incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were 41.1 overall, 48.4 for men, and 29.3 for women. The population had a low BMI on average, with 39.5% of the men and 15.1% of the women at 25 kg/m2 or above and 3.5% of the men and 1.6% of the women above 30 kg/m2. Both smok - ing and alcohol use were substantially more common in men than in women. Table 2 shows the age-adjusted rates and relative risks (RRs) of CRC in relation to FSG and the three common SNPs. Higher FSG was associated with an increased risk of CRC, particularly among subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG; 100 ≤ FSG ≤ 125 mg/dL). The findings were similar when we examined the relationship of FSG to CRC subgroup among the subjects with DNA data. Considering only those participants with DNA (SNP) data, we examined the potential relationships between genotypes and CRC risk. The RR for CRC for those with geno - type AC or CC in SNP rs3802842 was 1.7 and 1.3 times high - er, respectively, than for those with genotype AA. The RRs for colon cancer and rectal cancer were similar, with the same ge - notypic pattern for SNP rs3802842. Also, those with genotype TT in SNP rs6983267 had an increased risk of rectal cancer (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.9), but not colon cancer. The RR for colon cancer with genotype GG in SNP rs10795668 was signif - icant (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.9 to 3.9). Table 3 shows the age-adjusted and gender-adjusted combined effect of SNPs and dysglycemia on the risk of CRC. Among par - ticipants with dysglycemia, both SNPs rs3802842 and rs6983267 were associated with an increased risk of CRC (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.9 to 5.5 and HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.1, respectively) and rectal cancer (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.8 to 6.6 and HR, 3.3; Table 2. Risk factors for colorectal cancer incidence as analyzed by Cox proportional hazard models: the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II Whole cohort (n= 144,527)Subjects with DNA data (n= 1,691), case-cohort design Colorectal cancer Colon cancer Rectal cancer Case Rate1RR (95% CI) Case RR (95% CI) Case RR (95% CI) Case RR (95% CI) Age (yr) 317 41.1 1.1 (1.1, 1.1) 221 1.1 (1.1, 1.1) 114 1.1 (1.1, 1.2) 107 1.1 (1.1, 1.1) Gender Men Women230 8748.4 29.41.0 (reference) 0.7 (0.5, 0.8)163 581.0 (reference) 0.6 (0.4, 0.8)82 321.0 (reference) 0.6 (0.4, 1.0)81 261.0 (reference) 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) FSG (mg/dL) < 100 100-109 110-125 ≥ 126205 53 22 3732.8 67.9 77.8 93.81.0 (reference) 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) 1.3 (0.9, 2.0) 1.2 (0.9, 1.8)142 37 15 271.0 (reference) 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) 1.8 (1.2, 2.6)73 20 9 121.0 (reference) 1.2 (1.0, 2.8) 1.7 (1.0, 2.8)69 17 6 151.0 (reference) 1.1 (0.7, 1.9) 1.9 (1.1, 3.2) Genetic polymorphism rs3802842 AA 60 1.0 (reference) 33 1.0 (reference) 27 1.0 (reference) AC 124 1.7 (1.2, 2.3) 61 1.5 (1.0, 2.3) 63 2.0 (1.3, 3.1) CC 37 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) 20 1.3 (0.7, 2.4) 17 1.4 (0.8, 2.6) rs6983267 GG 53 1.0 (reference) 25 1.0 (reference) 28 1.0 (reference) GT 102 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) 47 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) 55 1.7 (1.0, 2.7) TT 66 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) 42 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) 24 2.3 (1.3, 3.9) rs10795668 AA 22 1.0 (reference) 9 1.0 (reference) 13 1.0 (reference) AG 99 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) 56 1.4 (0.7, 2.9) 43 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) GG 100 1.4 (0.8, 2.2) 49 1.9 (0.9, 3.9) 51 1.1 (0.6, 1.9) RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; FSG, fasting serum glucose. 1Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 person years." 321 W4312210472.pdf 11 "Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022 ,23, 16121 12 of 15 for 2 h. After the reaction finished, photocatalyst was separated through centrifugation and the supernatant was examined with UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The result was compared with the unilluminated control group, showing that no OH produced. 4. Conclusions A photocatalyst Zr-MOF-P based on a BINOL-derived phosphoric acid ligand for the selective oxidation of sulfides under white light irradiation was prepared. Comprehen- sive mechanistic studies indicated that Zr-MOF-P had appropriate photo-electrochemical properties for this reaction, and the ESIPT process produced the reactive oxygen radical, which would take an electron from the sulfides. Thus, the sulfides were activated and, sub- sequently, react with ground state oxygen, producing sulfoxides. The unique mechanism without the participation of ROS ensured the high selectivity and substrate compatibility of the reaction. Moreover, as a heterogeneous photocatalyst, Zr-MOF-P had sufficient stability, as it can be easily separated and re-used at least five times without any noticeable change in reactivity. This study demonstrates that phosphoric acids with a large conjugate structure can be used as photocatalysts, and they might have potential applications in more kinds of photocatalytic reactions. Further applications for Zr-MOF-P are under study in our group. Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https:// www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/ijms232416121/s1. Author Contributions: Methodology, Z.Z. (Zhenghua Zhao) and Z.Z. (Zhiguo Zhang); validation, Z.Z. (Zhenghua Zhao), M.L., K.Z. and H.G.; formal analysis, Z.B., Q.Y. and Q.R.; investigation, Z.Z. (Zhenghua Zhao); writing—original draft preparation, Z.Z. (Zhenghua Zhao), Y.S. and Z.Z. (Zhiguo Zhang); writing—review and editing, Z.Z. (Zhenghua Zhao), Y.S. and Z.Z. (Zhiguo Zhang); supervision, Z.Z. (Zhiguo Zhang); All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant number 2021YFC2103704) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 21878266, 22078288, and U21A20301). Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: CCDC 2218003 contains the supplementary crystallographic data of Zr-MOF-P : these data can be obtained free of charge through www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif (accessed on 26 November 2022), or by emailing data_request@ccdc.cam.ac.uk, or by contacting The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK; fax: +44-1223-336033. Acknowledgments: We gratefully acknowledge Jianyang Pan (Research and Service Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University) for NMR characterization. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Wang, S.S.; Yang, G.Y. Recent Advances in Polyoxometalate-Catalyzed Reactions. Chem. Rev. 2015 ,115, 4893–4962. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 2. Mansir, N.; Taufiq-Yap, Y.H.; Rashid, U.; Lokman, I.M. Investigation of heterogeneous solid acid catalyst performance on low grade feedstocks for biodiesel production: A review. Energy Convers. Manag. 2017 ,141, 171–182. [CrossRef] 3. Doustkhah, E.; Lin, J.; Rostamnia, S.; Len, C.; Luque, R.; Luo, X.; Bando, Y.; Wu, K.C.; Kim, J.; Yamauchi, Y.; et al. Development of Sulfonic-Acid-Functionalized Mesoporous Materials: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications. Chem. Eur. J. 2019 ,25, 1614–1635. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 4. Buru, C.T.; Farha, O.K. Strategies for Incorporating Catalytically Active Polyoxometalates in Metal " 322 W3177186807.pdf 8 "RBRH , Porto Alegre, v. 26, e16, 2021Assis et al. 9/13by the negative charges of the mineral and organic colloids of the soil when situated at pH 7.0 ± 2.0. According to the authors, in situations with soil at pH 6.0 the Imazapic will be quite dissociated and the adsorption mechanism should be exclusively ionic in order to occur a significant adsorption. The calculated values of Kd had variations of 0.052 to 0.083 and 0.19 to 0.25 L kg-1 in YUd and RYOd, respectively, as shown in Table 6 . The mass transfer coefficient (α) increased with the increase of the degree of chemical non-equilibrium in the sorption (1- f). According to Gaber et al. (1995) , high values of α indicate the presence of slow sorption kinetics. The mass transfer coefficient (α) was higher for the RYOd, where there was an increase in the chemical non-equilibrium conditions of the sorption. The parameter f corresponds to sorption sites in equilibrium and indicates the degree of chemical non-equilibrium in the sorption. The breakthrough curves, experimental and fitted with the CDE – 2 sorption sites are presented in Figure 5, YUd (A) and RYOd (B). The level of interaction between the Imazapic molecule and the soil is evaluated according to the value of the retardation factor, the higher the value of the retardation factor the greater the interaction. The asymmetric shape of the breakthrough curves, due to the prolongation of the descending part of the curves, can be attributed to the kinetic desorption process, and the ascending part of the curves, adsorption phase, refers to the linear isotherm processes. Asymmetric behavior was more evident in RYOd than in YUd.The initial part of the breakthrough curve is mainly due to interaction with soil organic matter, which is weak and reversible, and where equilibrium is rapidly established. The descending phase of the curve corresponds to the very slow desorption due to the interactions with the iron oxide, whose binding is stronger, and the equilibrium is established more slowly, as observed for RYOd, which had a great interaction with Imazapic. Imazapic has higher interaction with organic matter (OM). However, the values of Total Carbon (OC) are the same for the 0-20 cm layers for both soils ( Table 2 ). The organic matter in the two soils favors the hydrophobic interactions more than the electrostatic interactions between the soil colloids ( Spark & Swift, 2002). Thus, the main physical and chemical attributes of the soil evaluated in the Imazapic adsorption process were iron (Fed and Feo) oxides and clay content, higher in RYOd. Kd, Koc coefficients and GUS index As observed in Table 6 , the calculated Koc values for YUd ranged from 5.2 to 5.3 (L kg-1), whereas for RYOd the variation was 12.3 to 15.7 (L kg-1). This difference in Koc values is associated to the high content of clay and iron oxides in the RYOd, the main factors that influenced the Imazapic adsorption difference between the soils, since the OC content and the mineralogical characteristics were identical for the two studied soils. Some parameters are used as potential indicators of leaching of pesticide molecules such as Kd, Koc and GUS index. The GUS Figure 5. Breakthrough curves (experimental and fitted) from Imazapic to: (A) dystrophic Yellow Ultisol (YUd); and (B) dystrophic Red-Yellow Oxisol (RYOd). Table 6. Hydrodispersive parameters calculated from the parameters obtained by fitting the CDE-2 sorption sites model to the data from the Imazapic miscible displacement tests for the dystrophic Red-Yellow Oxisol and the dystrophic Yellow Ultisol. 0-20 α Kdf (1-f) cm h-1L kg-1-- -- dystrophic Yellow Ultisol R1 6.18E-3 0.083 0.027 0.973 R2 1.05E-3 0.052 0.991 0.009 dystrophic Red-Yellow Oxisol R1 7.75E-3 0.197 0.203 0.797 R2 1.24E-2 0.252 0.001 0.999" 323 W2231444670.pdf 27 "COMPETÊNCIAS E APRENDIZAGEM EMPREENDEDORA NO CONTEXTO DE INSUCESSO EMPRESARIAL199 Desenvolvimento em QuestãoGLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP MONITOR 2012: Global Report. GEM. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 25 fev. 2013. HEINZE, I. Entrepreneur sense-making of business failure. Small Enterprise Rese- arch, v. 20, n. 1, p. 21-39, 2013. HIGGINS, D.; ASPINALL, C. Learning to learn: a case for developing small firm owner/managers. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, v. 18, n. 1, p. 43-57, 2011. HISRICH, R. D.; PETERS, M. P .; SHEPHERD, D. A. Empreendedorismo. 9. ed. Porto Alegre: AMGH, 2014. INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA. IBGE. De- mografia das empresas 2010. Estudos e Pesquisas. Informações econômicas. Rio de Janeiro. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 3 mar. 2014. JENKINS, A. S.; WIKLUND, J.; BRUNDIN, E. Individual responses to firm failure: appraisals, grief, and the influence of prior failure experience. Journal of Business Venturing, v. 29, n. 1, p. 17-33, 2014. KOLB, D. A. Experiential Learning: experience as the source of learning and deve- lopment. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1984. LÉVESQUE, M.; MINNITI, M.; SHEPHERD, D. Entrepreneur’s decisions on timing of entry: Learning from participation and from the experiences of others. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, v. 33, n. 2, p. 547-570, mar. 2009. LIMA, E. Estratégias de pequenas e médias empresas: uma revisão. Rege, São Paulo, v. 17, n. 2, p. 169-187, abr./jun. 2010. MAN, T . W. Y.; LAU, T .; SNAPE, E. Entrepreneurial competencies and the per - formance of small and medium enterprises: an investigation through a framework of competitiveness. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, v. 21, n. 3, p. 690-708, 2008. MAN, T . W. Y. Exploring the behavioral patterns of entrepreneurial learning: a competency approach. Education & Training, v. 48, n. 5, p. 309-321, 2006. ______. LAU, T . The context of entrepreneurship in Hong-Kong: an investigation through the patterns of entrepreneurial competencies in contrasting industrial environments. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. v. 12, n. 4, p. 464-481, 2005." 324 W2063165809.pdf 30 "Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010 , 11 1299 in modeling aromaticity when considered within se mi-empirical computational framework, while the electronegativity responds better in conjunction with ab initio methods. From quantum computational perspective, the cons ecrated HF method seems to get more marks in fulfillment of above Aroma1-to-5 rules, cumulated for electronegativity and chemical hardness based- aromaticity scales; it leads with the important idea the correlation effects are not determinant in aromaticity phenomenology, an idea confirmed also by the fact the dens ity functional without exchange and correlation produces not-negligible fits with Aroma1, 2, and 4 rules in electronegativity framework. Overall, few basic ideas in computing aromaticity should be finally emphasized (i) there is preferable computing aromaticity in an absolute manner , i.e., for each molecule based on its pre- and post- bonding properties (as is th e present compactness definition, for instance) without involving other referential molecule, as is often case in the fashioned aromaticity scales; (ii) the comparison between various aromaticity absolut e scales is to be done respecting that one based on a structural or reactivity index with attested observational character (as is the present polarizability based- aromaticity); (iii) the rules derived from the absolute aroma ticity scale based on observable quantum index should be considered for further guidance for the rest of aromaticity scales considered; (iv) the aromaticity concept , although currently associated with stability character of molecules , seems to not depending on correlation and sometimes neither by exchange effects . Future quests should enlarge the basis of the present conclusions by performing comparative aromaticity studies at the level of biomolecules and nanostructures; at the end of the day, the aromaticity concept in general and with its particular specialization should represent just a tool/vehicle in modeling and understanding the chemical bond of atoms in molecules and nanostructures, either in isolated or interacting states. Acknowledgements Useful discussions on historical aspects of aromaticity concept and on the present studied molecules with Dr. Delia Isac, Associate Professor for Didactic Chemistry at West University of Timisoara, now retired, are kindly thanked. As well, th e editors and the associate team of International Journal of Molecular Sciences are very much thanked for supporting the open access publishing of highly rated scientific works in general, and of this paper in special. Author is grateful also to Brietta Pike of MDPI for final English editing of the manuscript. References 1. Kekulé, A.F. Untersuchungen uber aromatische Verbindungen. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1866 , 137, 129–136. 2. Thomson, J.J. On the structure of the molecule and chemical combination. Philos. Mag. 1921 , 41, 510–538. 3. Hückel, E. Quantentheoretische Beiträge zum Benzolproblem. Z. Physik 1931 , 70, 204–286." 325 W4252640052.pdf 12 "Page 13/17of pN staging. c The percentage of pM staging. d The percentage of pTNM staging. e. The stacked diagram shows the percentage of pathological grading at different NEK7 expression level. f. The box plot shows NEK7 expression level in samples of different pT stage staging. Figure 3 a. The spot plot shows that Tregs in" 326 W4391108911.pdf 4 "3.4 PPI analysis of DKD-associated HCC causative genes We constructed a PPI network using the STRING database to recognize the possible causativ e genes of DKD-related HCC from 101 up-secreted and 104 HCC-related DEGs. The Cytoscapesoftware identi fied three important protein interaction modules with a leading eigenvector algorithm. These three modules contained 132 genes, 67 from DKD and 68 from HCC (Supplementary Table S8 ). Eight genes, COL15A1, ECM1, CTHRC1, C7, LUM, MS4A6A, PLVAP, and LYVE1 belong to DKD and HCC ( Figure 4A ). Their relationships with DKD and B C D EF GA FIGURE 2 Identify essential module genes for HCC. (A)Determines the optimal bvalue using a scale-free topological model and selects b= 5 as the soft threshold based on average connectivity and scale independence. (B)Displays a hierarchical clustering dendrogram of the module identi fiers. The dendrogram of genes was obtained by average chained hierarchical clustering —color rows below the dendrogram show module assignments determined by dynamic tree cuts. (C)Visually characterizes the correlation of the eigengenes. The branches (meta-modules) of the dendrogram combine sets of eigengenes that are positively correlated. The heatmap shows the neighbors in the Eigengenes network. Each row and column in the heatmap represent modular eigengenes (indicated by color). Blue indicates low adjacency with a negative correlation, and red indicates highadjacency with a positive correlation. (D)Displays a graph of the relationship between the module genes and the HCC. Each row corresponds to a module eigengenes and the column to a trait. Each cell was filled with the corresponding correlation and p-value. A redder color indicates a strong positive correlation between the phenotypic trait and the module eigengene, while a greener color indicates a strong negative correlation. (E)indicates the correlation between turquoise module members and the gene signi ficance for HCC. Gene signi ficance and module membership have a very signi ficant correlation (0.86), implying that hub genes of the turquoise module also tend to be highly correlated with HCC. (F)indicates the correlation between the pink module members and the gene signi ficance for HCC. Gene signi ficance and module membership have a very significant correlation (0.76), implying that the hub genes of the pink module also tend to be highly correlated with HCC. (G)shows the intersection of crucial module genes with DEGs. The genes with R>0.5 from Module-trait relationships and kME_MM>0.8 in WGCNA analysis were consideredhub genes in modules highly associated with HCC ( Supplementary Table S3 ).Chen et al. 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339373 Frontiers in Immunology frontiersin.org 05" 327 W4385416854.pdf 0 "Review of: ""The pros and cons of utilizing crude herbal preparations as opposed to purified active ingredients, with emphasis on the COVID pandemic"" Ghulam Murtaza 1 1 Kunming University of Science and Technology Potential competing interests: No potential competing interests to declare. I noticed that authors should improve the conclusion and future suggestion.The paper places a focus on a few case studies should add more case studies. The author should improve the readability of the paper, dividing the analysis into several subsections. In the working method, it should be specified which of the types of research is review, narrative, cross-sectional or qualitative Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Review, July 31, 2023 Qeios ID: O8JLP0 · https://doi.org/10.32388/O8JLP0 1 / 1" 328 W1965273462.pdf 6 "cis-SNPs. It is interesting to note that, among these 18 genes, the first five (CYP3A5, CYP2D6, CYP4F12, CYP2E1 and CYP2U1) having more than 40 cis-SNPs. In all cases FDR based analysis results in identifying more cis-SNPs for these 18 genes compared to that of Yang et al. (2010) [33]. Discussion In contrast to previously available methods based on p- values, the empirical Bayes method uses local false dis- covery rate (lfdr) as the threshold. This method controls false positive rate. For a particular SNP, the lfdr is com- puted for the site-specific evidence whereas the FDR averages over other sites with stronger evidence. There are some limitations of using FDR which may result in Figure 3 QQ-plot for eight SNPs . Table 1 The True FDR Performance of Controlled FDR in EB Models True fraction of DE Controlled FDR Nonparametric empirical Bayes Parametric empirical Bayes 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.01 0.004 0.029 0.067 0.005 0.042 0.090 0.05 0.006 0.041 0.079 0.006 0.045 0.094 0.10 0.007 0.043 0.087 0.008 0.047 0.097 Figure 4 Minor allele frequency (MAF) distribution .Xa x i s corresponds to minor allele frequency 25% to 50%.Chakraborty et al.BMC Genomics 2013, 14(Suppl 8):S8 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/14/S8/S8Page 7 of 9" 329 W2147530962.pdf 7 "International Seminars in Surgical Oncology 2006, 3:29 http://www.issoonline.com/content/3/1/29 Page 8 of 11 (page number not for citation purposes)The same occurred for the estrogen receptor, 59.5% before and 25.9% after drug use, and progesterone receptor, 59.34% and 29.6%, respectively. Both showed a signifi- cant reduction. Biomarker results suggest that lower tamoxifen doses produce results similar to those of the standard dose. If applied to clinical trials, such findings may lead to a significant reduction in costs and less side effects.Our results are similar to those of Uehara [42], who also evaluated estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity in breast cancer of women treated with tamoxifen. However, tamoxifen was used at a 20 mg/day dose for 14 days. The mentioned author observed a ratio reduction from 55.4% to 10.2% in cells stained for estrogen receptors, and from 59.2% to 18.9% in those stained for progesterone recep- tors. In a similar manner, using a 10 mg/day dose of the drug for 14 days, our data revealed a reduction from 59.5% to 25.9% and from 59.3% to 29.6% for estrogen and progesterone receptors, respectively. Likewise, results obtained by Decensi et al. [2] demon- strated that use of 1, 5 or 20 mg/day dose of tamoxifen for four weeks, lead to a similar reduction in proliferative activity of breast carcinoma, evaluated by Ki-67 mono- clonal antibody. In the group using a tamoxifen dose of 1 mg/day, 4-hydroxytamoxifen metabolite level was 10–20 times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration. In the current study, the percentage of nuclei stained by Ki-67 monoclonal antibody after using 10 mg/day of tamoxifen for 14 days decreased from 24.7% to 10.4%. Consistent with this result, Descensi et al. [2] obtained a 21.2% to 14.0% decrease in nuclei staining, demonstrat- ing that our results are similar to those obtained by the above-mentioned authors. Our results showed that using 10 mg/day of tamoxifen for 14 days is enough to reduce proliferative activity. Descensi et al. [2] described that this activity was similarly reduced Table 5: Percentage of nuclei stained by estrogen receptor (1D5) in Group B (tamoxifen 10 mg) before and after 14 days of drug use (magnified 400×). PATIENT Before tamoxifen 10 mg (% stained cells) 1 4 days after tamoxifen 10 mg (% stained cells) 1 68.59 30.25 2 45.68 12.47 3 69.48 26.56 4 55.26 12.56 5 0.00 0.00 6 68.67 26.11 7 71.39 10.58 8 74.37 55.42 9 94.96 27.85 10 70.87 20.32 11 100.00 81.32 12 25.63 13.58 13 10.25 2.25 14 92.54 32.38 15 21.21 4.29 16 100.00 50.26 17 14.15 5.58 18 88.59 56.21 MEAN 59.53 25.99Box-plots for mean Ki-67 va riables (MIB-1) in Group B (tamoxifen 10 mg) before and 14 days of treatmentFigure 4 Box-plots for mean Ki-67 va riables (MIB-1) in Group B (tamoxifen 10 mg) before and 14 days of treatment.After Before% positivo60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Wilcoxon (Group B: Before x After) Z = 3.724 p<0.001* Standard Deviation: Before = 15.94 After = 9.26" 330 W2995142178.pdf 47 " 48 Supplementary Fig. 4: Glucose tolerance, islet-cell pr oliferation, and islet-cell 1 apoptosis during macrophage depletion and adoptive transfer in the absence or 2 presence of STZ. 3 (A) Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT, 1 g glucose/kg body weight) 13 days 4 following the first dose of STZ/acetate buffer ; n=5 mice/ control, control + PBS -lip, STZ 5 + PBS -lip, STZ + CLOD -lip groups; n=4 mice/ STZ group, and n=3 mice/control + 6 CLOD -lip group. 7 (B) Incremental area under the curve (AUC) for mice in ( A); n=5 mice/control, control + 8 PBS-lip, STZ + PBS -lip, STZ + CLOD -lip groups; n= 4 mice/STZ group, and n=3 9 mice/control + CLOD -lip group, *p < 0.05 STZ versus control, one -way ANOVA with 10 Tukey’ s multiple comparisons test. 11 (C) Quantification of TUNEL+ islet cells and ( D) pHH3+ islet cells harvested from control 12 or mu ltiple low -dose STZ treated mice 2 weeks from the start of treatment. Between 13 394-16144 nuclei per section were counted; n=3 -5, One -way ANOVA with Tukey’s 14 multiple comparisons test. 15 (E) Quantification of TUNEL+ islet cells and ( F) EdU+ islet cells in pancr eatic sections 16 from control or multiple low -dose STZ (50 mg/kg) treated mice 28 days from the start of 17 the STZ/control treatmen t. EdU (1 mg) was injected daily i.p. for the last five days 18 before the sacrifice. Between 370-2615 islet cells per section were counted; n=3 -5, 19 One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. 20 (G) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 2 g glucose/kg body weight) 25 -26 days 21 following administration of the first dose of STZ or acetate buffer; n= 5 -6 mice, *p < 0.05, 22 . CC-BY 4.0 International licenseunder anot certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available The copyright holder for this preprint (which was this version posted November 15, 2019. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/480368doi: bioRxiv preprint" 331 W2058992591.pdf 0 "Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 129 -130 May 2014 DOI: 10.15353/cfs -rcea.v1i1.41 ISSN: 2292 -3071 129 Book Review The Industrial Diet: The degradation of food and the struggle for healthy eating Anthony Winson UBC Press, 2013: 352 pages Review by Julie Pilson (Carleton University) Anthony Winson, a professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Guelph, has written or co-authored several books that explore agriculture, food and the food system in both North and Central America. These books include: Coffee and Democ racy in Modern Costa Rica (1989), The Intimate Commodity (1993), and Contingent Work, Disrupted Lives: Labour and Community in the New Rural Economy (2002, with Belinda Leach). His most recent book builds on his previous analysis of the food industry by exploring the political, social, economic and technological factors that shape and influence the human diet—and have led to the proliferation of a nutritionally compromised human diet at a global scale. The Industrial Diet: The degradation of food and the struggle for healthy eating is a book best suited to an educated—though not necessarily academic—audience. Anybody with an interest in the current food industry, human health, diet and nutrition, or in the fascinating history of the food system, will fin d something of interest. Winson’s research and subsequent book are partially in response to the apparent crisis in human health referred to as the overweight and obesity epidemic. Winson seeks to expose the main causes of the degradation of our food supply and link these changes to human health and disease. He also examines the potential for action and the available solutions that could change our current food system. He identifies changes that could promote a food system that sustains the health of the population instead of simply the financial health of the food industry. In order to provide readers with the necessary background information, the book begins with a history of human diets and “dietary regimes”, including a discussion of the factors that have influenced dietary changes from Paleolithic times into the present day. The author explores the environmental, political, social, economic and technological conditions and innovations that have influenced the food supply throughout human history. Winson then explores more recent changes in food production that have resulted in the ongoing decline in nutritional health of our food supply, and the resultant health implications for the human population. To highlight the " 332 W4252615596.pdf 0 "Trans/Form/Ação, Marília, v. 41, p. 9-12, 2018, Edição Especial 9 Apresentação Editorial / Editorial This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-3173.2018.v41esp.02.p9Apresent Ação Este número especial de Trans/Form/Ação é dedicado ao tema “cons - ciência”, trazendo um amplo espectro de abordagens do fenômeno que con - temporaneamente se tornou alvo do interesse de investigadores em diversas áreas do conhecimento. Procuramos aqui ilustrar e tratar sistematicamente os principais enfoques filosóficos oferecidos no recorte, descrição, interpretação e tentativas de explicação do fenômeno, contemplando tanto as tradições conti - nentais quanto as analíticas. O primeiro artigo, de autoria de Manuel Moreira da Silva, resgata uma abordagem ontológica da consciência, da tradição aristotélica e neo-platônica, que pretende superar as abordagens modernas, as quais se centram no conceito de representação mental. Enveredando nesta direção, o trabalho de Manuel termina por aproximar os filósofos antigos de contemporâneos como Heide - gger e teóricos psicodinâmicos. O conceito de “manência” é utilizado, nesta abordagem, para expressar a intimidade da consciência com o ser. No segundo artigo, Sam Coleman discute a teoria HOT (higher-order thought; vide Rosenthal, 2006), que defende a concepção moderna de cons - ciência, na qual esta se formaria por meio de pensamentos a respeito de estados mentais, os quais podem ser de natureza cognitiva ou emocional. A expressão da consciência se faria cognitivamente, ou seja, em conceitos , que se formam espontaneamente e são comunicados por meio da linguagem verbal. Em sua nova versão da teoria HOT, a teoria “citacional” ( quotational HOT ), que parte de objeções apresentadas a partir do trabalho de Ned Block e Uriah Kriegel, Coleman argumenta por um processo não-representacional de segunda or - dem, constitutivo da experiência consciente, pelo qual os processos represen -" 333 W4388949142.pdf 5 "western countries wher e this study detected it in only 1 fetus of Rus sian women and our 2nd commonest major malformations were detected in the Urinary tract 24/7552(20.16%). Accor ding to a study published in the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association in 2015, the incidence of neural tube defects in Pakistan was repor ted to be ar ound 5.6 per 1, 000 liv e bir ths [22] B ut in this study , the incidence found to be higher (approx. 18.18% in 3 trimest ers). Overall, the incidence was lower in trimest ers individually and this may be because of folate supplementation in the last few years as a part of the healthcar e system in Pakistan . But ther e is a need to study this further at multi-center and especially in areas of malnutrition in the countr y. Since ther e were no neural tube defects, we were unable to associat e it with folat e, drug, and supplementar y products, though other socie ties and populations did repor t the association before. Mahapatra AK, Suri A. Anterior encephaloceles: a study of 92 cases. Pediatric neur osur gery. 2002 Mar; 36(3): 113-8. doi: 10.1159/000048365. Cicero S, Bindra R, Rembouskos G, Tripsanas C, Nicolaides KH. Fetal nasal bone length in PJHS V OL. 4 Is sue . 10 Oct ober 202 3 Copyright © 2023. PJHS , Published by Cros slinks Int ernational Publisherschromosomally normal and abnormal fetuses at 11–14 weeks of gestation . The Journal of Mat ernal-F etal & Neonatal Medicine . 2002 Jan; 11(6) :400-2. doi: 10. 1080/jmf .11.6.400.402 Sn" 334 W2999848269.pdf 6 "These arguments have been criticized by a number of anthropologists. At the time, some argued that looking for such large-scale processes –from colonial rule to neoliber- alism to modernity –was a way of turning a ‘general context into [a] particular explanation ’ (Moore 1999 , 306; cf. Englund and Leach 2000 ). Instead, anthropologists should contextua- lize rumours in relation to local social situations and practices. This is an enduring and understandable anthropological response to large-scale analyses and, consequently, anumber of anthropologists have attempted to situate the emergence of vampirerumours and witchcraft accusations in relation to smaller-scale dynamics such as local forms of inequality and ‘social tensions ’of various kinds (see, for example, Geissler 2005 ). However, even these more fine-grained ethnographic analyses have not satis fied critics who have taken up a di fferent line of argument. In recent years, many anthropolo- gists have argued that these approaches are ‘reductionist ’because they attempt to explain the presence of vampires, zombies, witches (and other entities) in people ’s lives in relation to other more ‘real’processes, structures and political realities: whether this is colonial rule, neoliberalism, or modernity (see, for example, Pedersen 2011 ; Scherz 2018 ; West 2007 ). Instead, when we encounter people discussing the presence of vampires (or other entities) in their lives, we should take seriously their ontological claims about the reality of these actors rather than assuming that these are figurative or metaphorical claims that must ulti- mately be about something else (see also Holbraad and Pedersen 2018 ). These persuasive criticisms have been infl uential within the discipline. Indeed, it does seem that scholars of vampires, witches, and other entities have failed to take seriouslythe reality of these non-human actors in people ’s lives by regarding them principally as metaphorical commentaries on other realities. However, one of the consequences of these debates is that anthropologists have arguably become preoccupied with theoreti- cally convoluted discussions about reductionism and ontology (for example, Ellis 2015 ). And these kinds of anthropological debates can obscure a di fferent –and I think more interesting –problem with much of the scholarship on vampires and biomedicine in Africa: namely, that it paints a picture in which African populations have responded to bio- medical interventions in uniformly morally negative terms. Whether vampires are a realityin people ’s lives or a metaphorical language for describing other realities, the fact is that they are troubling and morally harmful entities. Historians and anthropologists have tended to focus their attention on the figure of the vampire alone –whether this is the mumiani ,kachinja ormunyama –and therefore the reception to new biomedical interven- tions seems to be relentlessly and enduringly negative. This ultimately prevents us fromcapturing the profound moral ambivalence at stake in responses to humanitarian biome- dicine in the region. However, when we consider that vampires have not been the onlynon-human entities associated with biomedicine, it becomes possible instead to identify the more interestingly ambivalent attitudes that people have adopted towards humanitar- ian biomedicine. In the next section, I outline the history of southern Zambia and the pres- ence of banyam awithin this history before considering how the figure of the angel might complicate this history. White Europeans and banyama Thefirst Europeans to settle permanently in the region of present-day southern Zambia were agents of the British South Africa Company (BSAC) who governed from the 1890s222 J. WINTRUP" 335 W4312187908.pdf 0 "Citation: Truneh, L.A.; Matula, S.; Bát’ková, K. Hydroclimate Impact Analyses and Water Management in the Central Rift Valley Basin in Ethiopia. Water 2023 ,15, 18. https:// doi.org/10.3390/w15010018 Academic Editor: Adriana Bruggeman Received: 12 October 2022 Revised: 14 December 2022 Accepted: 15 December 2022 Published: 21 December 2022 Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). water Article Hydroclimate Impact Analyses and Water Management in the Central Rift Valley Basin in Ethiopia Lemma Adane Truneh * , Svatopluk Matula and Kamila B át’kov á Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam ýcká129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic *Correspondence: truneh@af.czu.cz Abstract: This study explores the impacts of climate change on the major components of the water balance such as surface runoff (Q), water yield (WY), and evapotranspiration (ET) in the Central Rift Valley Basin (CRVB) in Ethiopia. Projected climate data from the climate emission scenarios were used for the analyses. Representative concentration pathway (RCP) data from the MIROC-RCA4 ensemble driving climate models were downscaled, bias-corrected, and applied for impact analyses. Climate scenario analyses for the near-term (2031–2060) and long-term (2070–2099) periods were used to assess the conditions of the water balance components. The endo hydrogenic CRVB was divided into three sub-basins, and their respective hydroclimatic impacts were simulated separately with calibrated Arc-SWAT models. The future impacts simulated on the annual average basis vary in their maximum ranges from " 336 W1540982974.pdf 1 "www.ccsenet.org/ass Asian Social Science V ol. 11, No. 15; 2015 258 2. Teacher Beliefs and Grammar Teaching Studies on the beliefs of ESL teachers in Malaysia in th e teaching of grammar in thei r ESL classrooms have been few and far between. This is not surprising as Borg (2006) pointed out that there is a lack of explicit discussion in the literature on the study of beliefs in teaching among teachers. He consider s such studies to be “different to the study of related psychological constructs such as knowledge, conceptions and attitudes.” As Richards (1998: 51-52) acknowledges, the teachers’ belief systems are “s table sources of re ference which are built gradually over the years they are teaching and are rela ted to the teaching dimensions such as the teachers’ theory of language, the nature of language teaching, the role of the teacher, effective teaching practices and teacher-student relations.” In short, it is likely that it is the teachers’ beliefs that will determin e how enthusiastically they teach in the classroom as well as how effec tive they may be in teaching their students. The lack of studies in this particular area in the Malaysian education system, therefore, prevents educators and re searchers alike from a useful source of reference. In trying to understand the influence of teachers’ beliefs on teaching, it is important to identify factors that may shape teacher beliefs. Eisentein-Ebsworth and Schweers (1997) claim that when it comes to “articulating their rationales, teachers referred to various factors shaping their views, such as student wants, and syllabus expectations” (p. 255). Richar ds (1998) lists down two different types of knowledge that ma y influence teachers’ understanding and practice of teaching. The first concer ns the curricular goals, lesson plans, instructional activities, materials, tasks, and teaching techniques. The other relates to teacher s’ personal and subjective philosophies and their und erstanding of what constitute good teaching (Richards, 1998 : 51). Moini (2009) notes that teachers’ social construct, whic h results from their personal experi ences and influences from their work setting, play a role in the development of their beliefs. Through his extensive review of studies on beliefs, Borg (2003) insists that the studies on practicing teachers “provide further support for the belief that prior learning expe rience shapes teachers’ c ognitions and instructional decisions” (p. 88). Other previous studies have also shown that teachers’ prior knowledge as learners with their previous ESL teachers plays an important role in shaping their current teaching beliefs regarding the teaching of grammar. In the same vein, Nespor (1 987) found that th e teachers may be influenced by a “crucial experience or some particularly influential teacher produces a richly-detailed episodic me mory which later serves the student as an inspiration and a template for his or her own teac hing practices” (p. 320). Expe rience as learners has also been identified by Abdullah and Majid (2013) as one of the potential sources of beliefs, besides perceptions towards the students, institutional environment and practi ce and personal views on current practice in their study on Malaysian ESL teachers (p. 821). The results of these studies are echoed by Ezzi’s statement on the complexity of the beliefs that teach ers possess that “are likely to be de rived from their prior experience of teaching English” ( 2012, p. 170). The importance of beliefs in a teache r’s practice in the classroom cannot be ignored. Shavelson and Stern (1981) indicate that teachers’ action in the class is governed by their beliefs. According to Moini (2009), the teachers’ belief system consists of “the information, attitudes, va lues, theories, and assumptions about teaching, learning, learners, and other aspects of teaching” (p. 143). The teachers’ beliefs on th e teaching of grammar help them to “form part of the process of understanding how to conceptualize their work” (Richards, Gallo and Renandya, 2001, p. 42). These show the vitality of the role of ESL teachers’ beliefs ’ in the process of making decisions involving the contents of the lesson, the depth of the lesson, the methodology used and other aspects of language teaching in their ESL grammar classroom. The teachers’ effectiveness at delivering the grammar lessons to their ESL classrooms can clearly be affected by their beliefs regarding the teaching of grammar. Richards mentioned that one of the two types of knowledge that can play an influential role in how e ffective the teacher will be in the classroom, is teach ers’ personal view of teaching (Richards, 1998, p. 51). Their beliefs are not formed loosely and do not just influence one aspect of the grammar teaching but also act as a f ilter to their instructional judgement s and decision making in class and subsequently provide a “systematic justification process wi th which to plan, assess, j udge, decide, accept, deny or act (Ezzi, 2012, p. 172). However, although Ezzi (2012) found that while the teachers’ beliefs may have a very significant relationship to the suggested strategi es of teaching grammar, when it comes to the actual teaching, the beliefs are not actually refl ected in their classroom practices. This is the reason why it is crucial to conduct more studies in this area as it will provide valuable info rmation that may be used to sensitize teachers to their own beliefs in order to improve classroom pedagogy as well as to inform teacher trainers and administrators on how best to ensure that effective grammar t eaching is constantly provided in the classroom." 337 W3045574101.pdf 7 "Int. 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[CrossRef]" 338 W4386754105.pdf 4 "Jurnal Interprofesi Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 2, No. 4, September 2023, pp. 354-359 ISSN 2807 -7563 (print), ISSN 2807 -7571 (online) Journal homepage https://jurnalinterprofesi.com/index.php/jipki Fitriyah | 358 Nilai Asymp. Sig. (2 -tailed) sebesar 0,647 > 0,05 sehingga keputusan hipotesis Ha ditolak. Tidak ada pengaruh WhatsApp Group (WAG) terhadap Self Regulation remaja dengan gejala anemia di Sari Farma Depok. Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh (Nengah Runiari & I Dewa Made Ruspawan) tentang “Media Video dan WhatsApp Rimender Terhadap Kepatuhan Remaja Putri Minum Tablet Tambah Darah”. Penelitian ini menggunakan 74 responden kelompok intervensi dan 74 responden kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Mann Whitney U-Tes dengan hasil Ada pengaruh edukasi kesehatan menggunakan video dan Whatssapp Reminder berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan responden (p=0.000). Nilai rata -rata pengetahuan lebih tinggi pada kelompok perlakuan (10.61, SD=1.077) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (9.69, SD=1.077).15 Hasil penelitian secara statistic menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan self regulation remaja dengan gejala anemia dengan media WhatsApp Group (WAG) meskipun skor rata -rata kelompok eksperimen mengalami penurunan dibandingkan skor rata -rata kelompok kontrol. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa perlakuan edukasi melalui WhatsApp Group (WAG) untuk meningkatkan self regulation remaja dengan gejala anemia memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan self regulation. Kesimpulan Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan tentang pengaruh WhatsApp Group terhadap self regulation pada remaja dengan gejala anemia di SMK Sari Farma Depok Tahun 2021 dengan jumlah 30 responden, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Tidak ada pengaruh WhatsApp Group terhadap self regulation pada remaja dengan gejala anemia di SMK Sari Farma Depok Tahun 2021 . Adanya peningkatan skor rata -rata self regulation remaja terhadap gejala anemia setelah edukasi WhatsApp Group. Konflik Kepentingan Peneliti menyatakan bahwa penelitian ini independen dari konflik kepentingan individu dan organisasi Ucapan Terima Kasih Ucapan terima kasih kepada STIKIM dan SMK Sari Farma Depok yang telah membantu dan memfasilitasi kegiatan penelitian ini. Pendanaan Sumber keuangan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dari peneliti. References 1. S. P. Gizi Remaja Putri Plus 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan. Bandung; 2017. 2. Hidayati KB, Farid M. Konsep diri, adversity quotient dan penyesuaian diri pada remaja. Pers J Psikol Indones. 2016;5(02):137 –44. 3. Proverawati A. Anemia dalam Kehamilan. Nuha Med Yogyakarta. 2013; 4. Putri R, Bengkulu K. A nalysis Of Diet And Iron Deficiency Anemia In Adolescent Girls City . 2015;11 – 8. 5. Riskesdas. Hasil Utama Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2018. 1 –100 p. 6. Mulya H, Sumargi A. Self -Regulation dan Perilaku Makan Sehat Mahasiswa yang Mengalami Dyspepsia. Experientia. 2016;4(2):65 –74. 7. Briawan D. Anemia: masalah gizi pada remaja wanita. In EGC; 2014." 339 W2057126774.pdf 5 "Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira - Vol 20 (5) 2005 - 373Compensatory lung growth in autologus lobar implant after pneumonectomy in dogs reduced 7 days after surgery in rats despite normalized RV , but on the 30th day it was normal13. Other authors have shown that this compensation may occur before the 14th postoperative day in rats10. Perhaps TLC compensation time in dogs is longer than our study period, this is why it wasnot detected. Lung scintigraphyIn the control group, despite higher captation in the right lung, it was not significantly different from the left butin operated animals the right lung captation wassignificantly higher than the left. Scintigraphy did not detectCLG and no correlation was found between scintigraphyand lung mass and volume in any group; this demonstratesthat perfusion scintigraphy under these conditions is notrepresentative of lung parenchyma levels. One reason thatmay alter the result in operated dogs is anaesthesia, becauseto perform scintigraphy dogs were previously anaesthetizedwhich leads to a superficial breathing 1. As the left lung in operated animals had less compliance than the right,ventilation damage to the left was much higher and by theEuler and Liljestrandt law, perfusion should also decreasewhich would lead to reduced radionuclide drug captationby the left lung. There are other factors influencing captation besides compliance because in controls there was no significantcorrelation between captation with scintigraphy and lungvolume and mass, and one of the elements that can influencethis result is decubitus because lung perfusion depends ongravity. ConclusionThere is CLG in transplanted lobe and lung contralateral to transplant, but lung compliance is still reduced fivemonths after surgery. In lobectomized and transplantedanimals CLG of contralateral lung was similar but on theoperated side reimplanted lobe lung compliance is muchmore prejudiced than the lobe remaining after lobectomy. References 1. Nagao RK, Cataneo AJM. Autologus lobar lung implant after pneumonectomy: experimental model in dogs. Acta Cir Bras. [serial on the Internet] 2005 July-Aug;20(4).Available from URL: http://www .scielo.br/acb 2. Haasler G. Ueber compensatorishe hypertrophie der lunge. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol. 1892;128:527-36. 3. Thurlbeck WM. Postpneumonectomy compensatory lung growth. Am Rev Resp Dis. 1983;128:965-7. 4. Addis T. Compensatory hypertrophy of the lung after unilateral pneumonectomy. J Exp Med. 1928;47:51-6. 5. Cohn R. Factors affecting the postnatal growth of the lung. Anat Rec. 1939;75:195-205. 6. Romanova LK. Regenerative hypertrophy of the lungs in rats after one-stage removal of the entire left lung andthe diaphragmatic lobe of the right lung. Bull Exp BiolMed. 1961;50:1192-7. 7. Sery Z, Kepri E, Obrucnik M. Morphometric analysis of late adaptation of the residual lung followingpneumonectomy in young and adult rabbits. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1969;57:549-57. 8. Buhain WJ, Brody JS. Compensatory growth of the lung following pneumonectomy. J Appl Physiol. 1973;35:898-902. 9. Tartter PI, Goss RJ. Compensatory pulmonary hypertrophy after incapacitation of one lung in the rat. JThorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1973;66:147-52. 10. Nattie EE, Wiley CW, Bartlett D Jr. Adaptive growth of the lung following pneumonectomy in rats. J ApplPhysiol. 1974;37:491-5. 11. Cowan MJ, Crystal RG. Lung growth after unilateral pneumonectomy quantitation of collagen synthesis andcontent. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1975;111:267-77. 12. Wandel G, Berger LC, Burri PH. Morphometric analysis of adult rat lung after bilobectomy. Am Rev Respir Dis.1983;128:968-72. 13. Cataneo AJM, Curi PR, Reibscheid SM. Alterações funcionais do aparelho respiratório pós-trilobectomiapulmonar: estudo experimental no rato. J Pneumol.1989;15:1-7. 14. Romanova LK, Leikina EM, Antipova KK. Nucleic acid synthesis and mitotic activity during development ofcompensatory hypertrophy of the lung in rats. Bull ExpBiol Med. 1967;63:303-6. 15. Brody JS, Burki SR, Kaplan N. Desoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in lung cells during compensatory lunggrowth after pneumonectomy. Am Rev Respir Dis.1978;117:307-16. 16. Ruiz RL Jr, Curi PR, Cataneo AJM. Compensatory lung growth lung mass and protein content in trilobectomizedrats. Acta Cir Brás. 1996;11:127-32. 17. Cataneo AJM, Curi PR, Reibscheid SM. Alterações morfológicas do aparelho respiratório pós-trilobectomiapulmonar: estudo experimental no rato. J Pneumol.1988;14:121-6. 18. Langenburg SE, Blackbourne LH, Buchanan S A, Mauney, MC, Kim, SS, Sinclair, KN, Kern, JA, Teja, SS,Tribble, CG, Kron, I . Compensatory Growth of PorcineRight Lungs after Chronic Rejection of TransplantedLeft Lungs. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;59:28-32. 19. Hsia CCW, Herazo LF, Fryder-Doffey F, Weibel R. Compensatory Lung Growth Occurs in Adult Dogs afterRight Pneumonectomy. J Clin Invest. 1994;94:405-12. 20.Crombleholme T M, Adzick NS, Hardy K, Longaker, MT, Bradley, SM, Duncan, BW, Verrier, ED, Harrison, M.R.Pulmonary lobar transplantation in neonatal Swine: Amodel for treatment of Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia.J Pediatr Surg. 1990;25:11-8. 21.Doerschuk CM., Sekhon HS. Pulmonary blood volume and edema in postpneumonectomy lung growth in rats.J Appl Physiol. 1990;69:1178-82. 22.Duebener LF, Takahashi Y , Wada H, Tschanz SA, Burri PH, Schäfers HJ. Do mature pulmonary lobes grow aftertransplantation into an immature recipient? Ann ThoracSurg. 1999;68:1165-70. 23.Georgopoulos D, Mink S N, Oppenheimer L. How is maximal expiratory flow reduced in canine postpneumonectomylung growth? J Appl Physiol. 1991;71:834-40. 24.Ruiz RL Jr, Burini RC, Cataneo AJM. Compensatory lung growth: lung protein, DNA and RNA contents intrilobectomized rats. Acta Cir Bras. 1998;13:18-25." 340 W4285010234.pdf 8 "Nanomaterials 2022 ,12, 2347 9 of 15 Nanomaterials 2021 , 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 15 portland cement systems. The use of inert grinding media such as corundum can be rec- ommended to avoid the contamination and pote ntial reactivity reduction of Class F fly ash. Based on XRD, the main cementitious comp onent of Class C fly ash capable of hy- dration and the formation of nano-seeds is C 3A, which is found in a crystalline phase at 32%, Figure 3b. Upon 3-hour hydration in the mill, the formation of a new phase of katoite (Ca 3Al2(SiO 4)3-x(OH) 4x, where x = 1.5–3) was detected, reducing the C 3A content to 11%. It can be observed that the C 3A phase was completely converted to katoite after 24 h of mill- ing. However, the follow-up activation for 24 h resulted in the contamination of a speci- men with iron at the level of up to 12%. Fu rthermore, extended milling results in the for- mation of considerable volumes of iron hydroxide phases such as lepidocrocite γ- FeO(OH) and goethite α-FeO(OH), the contribution of which to the hydration of portland cement systems is not clear. Therefore, it ca n be concluded that wet mechanical activation in a mill for up to 3 h results in the formation of potentially beneficial nano-seed phases derived from C 3A available in Class C fly ash, and th e overall process can be described as mechano-chemical activation. (a) Nanomaterials 2021 , 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 10 of 15 (b) Figure 3. Transformation of (a) Class F fly ash (RF is a reference Class F fly ash; F3, F6, and F24 are Class F–based products activated for 3, 6, and 24 h, respectively) and (b) Class C fly ash (RC is a reference Class C fly ash; C3 and C24 are Class C products activated for 3 and 24 h, respectively) due to wet vibro -milling up to 24 h . 3.2. Hydration Process Based on the heat of the hydration experiment, it was observed that the activation of fly ash in a vibro -mill considerably accelerates the hydration of cementitious systems with fly ash vs. reference mix (Figure 4 ). The best performance was reached by the composition with activate d Class F fly ash and nanosilica. Here, the formation of nano -seed products was not detected; thus, this effect is achieved mainly due to the contribution of ultrafine fly ash particles and nanosilica. (a) 012345678910 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Time, hoursHeat Flow, mW/g R R20C 20AC3 20AC-NS Figure 3. Transformation of ( a) Class F fly ash (RF is a reference Class F fly ash; F3, F6, and F24 are Class F–based products activated for 3, 6, and 24 h, respectively) and ( b) Class C fly ash (RC is a reference Class C fly ash; C3 and C24 are Class C products activated for 3 and 24 h, respectively) due to wet vibro-milling up to 24 h." 341 W2074272762.pdf 0 "1554 COW’S MILK : A SUGGESTION.-BELFAST HEALTH COMMISSION. of, the enormous amount of work done by others on immunity and of the work which probably lies at the root of these experiments-I mean that done on cytolytic processes. Mr. Walker in his reply confessed, in fact, to ignorance in regard to this. I hardly think it necessary to pick to pieces his criticism of my remarks, for he has so placed these, which were only published in brief abstract, out of the context, that I should have to write out what I said in full to make the position intelligible. To give an instance, surely work on immunisation "" is different from ""immunisation,"" as quoted by Mr. Walker as a positive fact I I must therefore be general. In the first place, I never said that the results of the work of others coincided in every particular with the results of Mr. Walker’s experiments-that would be too much to expect of any work-and I pointed out differences. In the second place I have a good imagination but I cannot recognise the ultimate difference between experiments on immunity and experiments on curative processes based on induced immunity. For Mr. Walker to say that experiments which "" deal with the immunisation of mice beforehand to tumours which were subsequently introduced ...... have no bearing upon the treatment of already existing and well-established tumours "" is-even if it were true, which it is not-to emphasise his ignorance of the nature of the process and the work done. Direct contradiction is given, if any were needed, by the experiments of Clowes and others on this very subject. Then in regard to priority. In the historical portion of a paper by Bashford, Murray, and Cramer2 they state that Jensen (in 1901) "" observed the complete disappearance of tumours from mice that had been successfully inoculated. He added, however, that the results of attempts to cure mice of tumours have hitherto been uncertain.’ "" Again : I Borrel ...... recorded suggestive experiments directed to obtaining a polyvalent immune serum against human cancer."" Also : I Clowes ...... the animals in which spontaneous absorption had occurred were stated to possess a specific antibody in their serum which on injection into animals with transplanted tumours exerted a cnrati1)e effect"" "" (italics mine). And so on. There are several very important and interesting papers in the Third Scientific Report of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund dealing with the immunity established in rats to mouse tumours and the immunising effects of other tissues, including the work done with testis. Regarding Mr. Walker’s claim to "" cure "" mouse cancer with ""testis serum"" I have already spoken-and the less said about it the better ! In conclusion, I only wish there were a hopeful outlook for the experiments, but I think if Mr. Walker will make himself familiar with work on cytolysins generally (of which he confessed ignorance) he will, when he fully under- stands all they imply, be as doubtful as other workers have been who have considered the question of making a cytolytic serum for human cancer on these lines. All my criticism would have been avoided if Mr. Walker had acknowledged the work of others-whether he conscientiously considered that he was first in the field or not. I make no attack on Mr. Walker and unwillingly allow myself to say this much in answer to his attempt to clear himself. I shall not, therefore, discuss the matter further.-I am, Sir, yours faithfully, Liverpool, Nov. 14th, 1908. W. BLAIR BELL. IW. BLAIR BELL. THE NEUROTONE. 10 the Editor of THE LANCET. SIR,-May I state in your able journal that I am not the inventor of ""The Neurotone or Neurostone,"" as it is termed ; but during many years of research work in electricity I have found it a perfect appliance to accomplish the object I had in view. I am, Sir, yours faithfully, Ottawa, Nov. 4th, 1908. J. A. GRANT.J. A. GRANT. COW’S MILK: A SUGGESTION. To the Edatom of THE LANCET. SIR,-I should feel very much obliged if some of your readers who have patients unable to take ordinary cow’s milk would be so good as to try those patients with milk from cows which are not in calf. The milk that is supplied daily in this country is in 99 per cent. of cases obtained from cows 2 The Natural and Induced Resistance of Mice to the Growth of Cancer, Proceedings of the Royal Society, B., vol. lxxvi., 1907.in calf. My experience so far has been that patients, espe- cially children, who were unable to digest the ordinary market commodity were when given milk obtained from cows not in calf able to take the latter and thrive on it. The difference between the two milks is considerable, as the drain of the embryonic calf must seriously interfere with the quality of the pregnant cow’s milk. I am, Sir, yours faithfully, G. ARBOUR STEPHENS, Swansea, Nov. 9th, 1908.G. ARBOUR STEPHENS. BELFAST HEALTH COMMISSION. (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) (Conclztded from p. 1483.) WITH reference to the deplorable state of affairs in Belfast pointed out by the recent Health Commission, that the corporation is without information as to the details of deaths occurring in its district beyond the mere numerical particulars obtained from the Registrar-General’s official publication-information without which no sanitary authority can adequately search for, or cope with, causes of disease and death-it is clear the excuse of the committee of the corporation, that it is the duty of the Local Govern- ment Board to promote the legislation suggested by the Health Commission in this direction, is mere fencing with the question. The corporation of Belfast should itself promote a Bill and ’’ the most effective and natural way of dealing with it (the question of vital statistics) is to follow the precedent of the English and Scottish Registration Acts, even if such a method involves fresh legislation; and we recommend that this should be done,"" says the Health Commission, and it further adds : ""In view of the importance of the information as to the details of deaths occurring within the city, we regret that the corporation did not fall in with the suggestion made to them in October, 1907, by the Local Government Board for Ireland, which, pending legislation, would have enabled them to get the information desired."" "" There can never be any proper public health administration in a city until the medical officer of health has trustworthy vital statistics, and, as the Health Commission reports, any health reforms attempted without such information must be in the nature of leaps in the dark. Imagine a city where, as the Health Commission says, the corporation does not know the causes of death among the children, where "" the corporation are com- pletely in the dark as to the places where deaths in the city are occurring, even from such important diseases as phthisis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, cancer, diarrhoea, or from diseases which may be due to industrial causes, to poverty, or to any of the other conditions which may be thought of as asso- ciated with modern town influences."" Dr. H. Whitaker, the former medical superintendent officer of health, often drew attention to the defects in his sources of information ; nay, more, Mr. H. W. Bailie, in his report just issued for 1907, says in reference to this matter, We are where we were a year ago. "" In the face of these facts, why does the corporation not promote a Bill itself and get this matter made right, which is the very foundation of public health, and put into its Health Bill all other matters-the control of the milk- supply, certain powers for sanitary administration (as advised by the Health Commission), the getting rid of the abomination of double tenement houses, the reorganisation of the antiquated system by which there is a medical super- intendent officer of health and 14 district medical officers of health, so as to make the medical superintendent officer of health the real head of his department, with personal control of everything pertaining to the public health, &c., so as to place Belfast on the level, in public health administra- tion, with any city in England or Scotland? When anyone suggests to the corporation of Belfast the trial of public health measures which have proved efficacious in other cities they always get the same answer, "" We have no powers,"" and the bogey of the Local Government Board is trotted ’out. In reply, it may be said if you have not powers your duty is to get them. Sheffield and Bolton got special Acts passed to enable them to make pulmonary tuberculosis compulsorily notifiable, Manchester and Bristol went for special legisla- tion on the milk question, and Huddersfield was compli- mented by a Committee of the House of Commons for leading " 342 W4200050903.pdf 2 "NMRspectroscopic investigations inCD2Cl2alreadyrevealvery similarspectraandthusverysimilarstructures.Thechemical shiftsoftheprotonsoftheferrocenebackbone(δ1HE4.3– 4.8ppm)andthebipyridylentity(δ1HE7.1–8.7ppm)areinthe sameregionastheonesofthemonofuntionalized 5-ferrocenyl- 2,2’-bipyridine, whichwerefirstdescribedbyCrowley.[12] Figure2showsthemolecularstructuresoftheligands2A and2C.Incaseofcompound 2B,onlysmallcrystalscouldbe obtainedwherecrystalstructureanalysisconfirmedthecon-nectivity,butthedatasetwasofpoorquality.Thebondlengths andanglesprovesimilaritiestothemonofuntionalized 5- ferrocenyl-2,2’-bipyridine ligandsofCrowley.[12]Themolecular structuresoftheligandsareessentiallyunaffectedbythe additionalorganicsubstituentonthesecondCpring. Forthesetwocompounds, theferrocenebackbonesshow aneclipticarrangement. Thetwoarylsubstituents adopta stacked(syn)conformation andareparalleltoeachother,which islikelytheresultofbyπ-stacking.[13]Similareffectshavebeen observedbyCrowleyandco-workers.[6e,f]Wenoteinpassing thatinsolutiontheprotonsignalsassociatedwiththebipyridyl ringsof2A–2Careslightlyshiftedupfieldrelativetothoseof thesinglyfunctionalized compound 2D,[12]indicatingthatthe di-functionalized ferrocenederivativesmightalsoadopta stacked(syn)conformation insolution(FigureS26,Supporting Information).[6e,f]However,1H,1HNOESYand1H,19FHOESY measurements on2Aasrepresentative ofthenewlysynthe- sizedligandsgavenoindicationsforπinteractionsinsolution. Thecomparison withothercompounds knownfromthe literatureshowsthatthebondlengthsandanglesaresimilar.[14] Thebipyridineunitresemblesother2,2’-bipyridine derivatives, whichwasalreadyshownfortheanalogousmonofunctional- ized5-ferrocenyl-2,2’-bipyridine ligands[12]anditthusseems reasonabletoassumethatthecoordination behaviorissimilar. Toverifythis,theligandswerereactedwithdifferenttransition metalprecursorsofgroup8and10.Forreferencetothe electrochemical investigations plannedonthefreepro-ligands andalltheircomplexes,thecomplexesofthemonofunctional- ized5-ferrocenyl-2,2’-bipyridine oftheCrowleygroupwerealso synthesized.[12]Inthecurrentpaperwedenotethisliterature- knownligandas2Dinthefollowingdiscussion. Wethusfirstreactedthepro-ligands 2A–2Dwith[Pd- (cod)Cl2]inordertoobtainthesquare-planar Pd(II)complexes (Scheme4).Forthesakeofcompleteness andsubsequent electrochemical comparison, theliterature-known complex 3D[12]withligand2Dwasalsosynthesized. Ascopper(II) Figure2.Molecularstructuresof2A(a)and2C(b).Hydrogenatomshave beenomittedforclarity.Selectedbondlengths[pm]andangles[°]:a) C10" 343 W4387745025.pdf 5 "pulse was converted to a voltage pulse through a 50 Ωimpedance and monitored with an oscilloscope. The time integral of the voltage pulsewas recorded. The BeO cathode surface had a cylindrical shape with a curvature radius of about 1 cm. As the THz beam, focused onto the cathode, had a relatively small waist radius of about 1.2 mm and a depth of focus ofseveral centimeters due to astigmatism (see Methods: THz beam andpulse characterization), the cathode surface curvature had only a slighteffect on the measured electron emission characteristics. The rough-ness of the BeO surface had a signi ficant effect on electron emission. The characterization of the surface is described in more detail in Sup-plementary Information: Characterization of the BeO surface. THz beam and pulse characterization The THz pulse energy was measured by a calibrated pyroelectric detector (Sensor- und Lasertechnik, THZ 20). A maximum energy of 2.34μJ was used at the BeO surface. THz beam pro files were recorded with a pyroelectric camera (Ophir, Pyrocam III) at different positions along the propagation axis.The beam waist radius in both the horizontal and the vertical direc-tions was about 1.2 mm (corresponding to 1 =e 2values of the peak intensity). Due to astigmatism, the distance between the horizontaland vertical foci was about 2 cm. This resulted in an extended focalregion and a reduced variation of the peak field strength across the BeO cathode surface. THz waveforms were recorded by electro-optic sampling (EOS) in a 1-mm thick (110)-cut GaP crystal by using a small portion of the laser energy for the sampling pulses and balanced photodetection with alock-in ampli fier. The measured waveform is shown in Fig. 1c for the beam propagation coordinate corresponding to the BeO cathodeposition. The field strength and the single-cycle, nearly sine-like waveform changed only slightly over a propagation length of about 2cm. This ensured a reasonably good uniformity of the THz waveformacross the illuminated spot at the BeO cathode surface for all THzpolarization directions used in the experiment. The electric- field amplitude was obtained by combining the measured THz waveform,beam size, and pulse energy. Calibration of the THz field polarity The THz polarity was calibrated by comparison with a static (DC) field, utilizing an insulator LiNbO 3(LN) crystal for EOS (Fig. 2a). First, in the absence of the THz field, a high DC voltage (HV) of 4.4 kV and con- trolled polarity was applied to the LN crystal through the two elec-trodes near the top and bottom edges of the crystal. The opticalsampling pulse was sent through the crystal. When the HV was off, thetwo photodetectors were balanced and the output from the lock-inampli fier was zero. When an HV was applied with an upward-pointing electric field, the output from the lock-in ampli fier was negative. When the HV was reversed, the output changed sign. Figure 2bs h o w st h e lock-in output of two such cycles with the HV manually switched on,off, and reversed. This output directly re flects the phase change of the probe passing through the LN crystal. During the next measurement steps, the HV was switched off and the THz pulse passed through the LN detector crystal. The opticalsampling pulse propagates much faster through the crystal than theTHz pulse and sweeps over the portion of the THz pulse that lies insidethe crystal 33,34(see Supplementary Information: Calibration of the THz field polarity). The THz electric- field waveform, directly comparable in polarity to the DC field, was obtained by taking the time derivative of the EOS trace originating from the input region of the crystal. Because the THz signal changed from negative to positive (Fig. 2c), a compar- ison with the HV bias (Fig. 2b) indicated that in the laboratory frame, the THz electric- field pointed upwards (downwards) in the leading (trailing) oscillation half-cycle. Based on this result and the geometryof the experimental setup, and taking into account the phase shiftupon re flection at the gold mirror, the THz electric- field polarity could easily be traced to the cathode surface. More details on field calibra- tion are given in Supplementary Information: Calibration of the THzfield polarity. Calculation of the THz near field The THz near field at the cathode surface was calculated by the finite- element method. The measured surface topography data, obtained byatomic force microscopy (see Supplementary Information: Char-acterization of the BeO surface), were used to de fine the boundary conditions. For the simulations, two types of software were used:the FDTD 3D Electromagnetic Simulator (Lumerical, Inc.) for time-domain calculations and the COMSOL Multiphysics® (COMSOL AB)software for frequency-domain calculations. The latter was carried outat 0.3 THz and 0.5 THz frequencies. Both methods gave very similar field-enhancement values. The field enhancement was de fined as the ratio of the THz electric- field amplitude at the surface and the ampli- tude of the incoming field. Calculation results are shown in Fig. 4b, c. Data availability Data underlying the res ults presented in this paper are available from the corresponding author upon request. The experimental data gen-erated in this study have been deposited in the Figshare databaseunder the accession code https://doi.org/10.6084/m9. figshare. 24065715 35. References 1. Keldysh, L. V. Ionization in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave. Sov. Phys. JETP 20,1 3 0 7 –1314 (1965). 2. Büttiker, M. & Landauer, R. Traversal time for tunneling. Phys. Rev. Lett. 49,1 7 3 9 –1742 (1982). 3 . P u t n a m ,W .P . ,H o b b s ,R .G . ,K e a t h l e y ,P .D . ,B e r g g r e n ,K .K .& Kärtner, F. X. Optical- field-controlled photoemission from plas- monic nanoparticles. Nat. Phys. 13,3 3 5 –339 (2017). 4. Farkas, G., Horváth, Z. G. & Kertész, I. In fluence of optical field emission on the nonlinear photoelectric effect induced by ultra-short laser pulses. Phys. Lett. A 39,2 3 1 –232 (1972). 5 . T ó t h ,C . ,F a r k a s ,G .&V o d o p y a n o v ,K .L .L a s e r - i n d u c e de l e c t r o n emission from an Au surface irradiated by single picosecond pulsesatλ=2 . 9 4 μm. The intermediate region between multiphoton and tunneling effects. Appl. Phys. B 53, 221 –225 (1991). 6 . B e c k e r ,W .e ta l .I n Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics . (eds Bederson, B., & Walther, H. Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Vol. 48, 35 –98 (Academic Press, 2002). 7. Dombi, P. et al. Ultrafast strong- field photoemission from plas- monic nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 13,6 7 4 –678 (2013). 8. Bormann, R., Gulde, M., Weismann, A., Yalunin, S. V. & Ropers, C. Tip-enhanced strong- field photoemission. P h y s .R e v .L e t t . 105, 147601 (2010). 9. Teichmann, S. M. et al. Strong- field plasmonic photoemission in the mid-IR at <1 GW/cm 2intensity. Sci. Rep. 5,7 5 8 4( 2 0 1 5 ) . 10. Dombi, P. et al. Observation of few-cycle, strong- field phenomena in surface plasmon fields. Opt. Express 18,2 4 2 0 6 –24212 (2010). 11. Apolonski, A. et al. Observation of light-phase-sensitive photo- emission from a metal. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92,0 7 3 9 0 2( 2 0 0 4 ) . 12. Dombi, P. et al. Direct measurement and analysis of the carrier- envelope phase in light pulses approaching the single-cycle regime. N. J. Phys. 6,3 9 –39 (2004). 13. Paulus, G. G. et al. Silvestri, Absolute-phase phenomena in photo- ionization with few-cycle laser pulses. Nature 414,1 8 2 –184 (2001). 14. Krausz, F. & Ivanov, M. Attosecond physics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 163 –234 (2009). 1 5 . I r v i n e ,S .E . ,D o m b i ,P . ,F a r k a s ,G .&E l e z z a b i ,A .Y .I n fluence of the carrier-envelope phase of few-cycle pulses on ponderomotiveArticle https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42316-0 Nature Communications | (2023) 14:6596 6" 344 W2775596896.pdf 6 " assessed by a few teachers , the e fficient peer evaluation mechanism need to be design ed. A learner's home work is randomly assigned to another learner evaluation , and the process should be justice [ 8]. This r equireme nt should be provided from M OOC platform, and to achieve thousands of learners to complete the evaluation function of peer review. 3 Future research es With the development o n educational information, on the current background of big data, mobile cloud and so on , the research on design ing of instructional software needs to keep up with the pace o n new technology in the future. 3.1 Design of teaching platform for SPOC SPOC(Small Private Online Course) is the new development on web learning which is derivative of MOOC.SPOC is also the most important way f or learning in Post -MOOC Era[9] . For small -scale learning crowd, focusing on campus localization, and to promote hybrid learning are the characters on SPOC. The teaching platform for SPOC can be a simplified de sign of the existing MOOC platforms, and is only applied on micro -curriculum construction. Colleges and universities can also design teaching platforms for hybrid teaching process which is based on SPOC concept according to the actual teaching environment. 3.2 Design of resources for m obile learning With the popularity of 4G mobile networks, the learning by the using of mobile devices and wireless network has become the main learning methods. Mobile learning resources have the characters o n simple interface , small and accurate of information content, and the design of interactivity, compatibility, applicability, and real-time on data transmission for various mobile client platforms (Android /Mac OS/Symbian) will be the trend o n teaching software design ing in the future [ 10]. 3.3 Intelligen ce on design ing of instruction software With the development of teaching theory and artificial intelligence technology, especially the emergence of constructivism and Agent, learning activities have become a process of acquir ing knowledge, including dialogue, situation, collaboration and meaning construction, and the direction of development on learning is to explore, cooperate and exchange on society. The design of I ntelligent Tutoring System [11], Adaptive Hypermedia System(A HS), I nteractive Learning Environment, Distributed Intelligent Learning System, and Educational Semantic Web will be the mainly direction s for intelligent design ing of instruction software in the future. 4 Acknowledgments Author acknowledge s financial sup port from the projects on teaching team of ""Software Engineering course "" of Anhui SanLian University ( No. 15zlgc029) and ""Massive Open Online Course on Software Engineering "" of Anhui Province ( No. 2015mooc104). Here, I would like to express my heartfelt gr atitude to other colleagues from the both projects . References 1. Yu Shengquan, The Handbook of Instruc tional Software Design, Beijing Tsinghua University Press, 2011. 2. Li Wenhao, Zheng Yan, Instructional Simulation: The New Approach in Integrating Technology in the Curriculum , Journal of modern educational technology, 2009, 16(4) :9-12. 3. Yin Rui, Action Research on the Web -based and Problem -based Coope rative Learning Activity Design , Journal of modern educational technology, 2005,15(4) :34-39. 4. Wang Guangxin , Dong Fei, Summary of Educational Games Basic Structure and Character , Journal of China Educational Technology , 2009, (7) :77-80. 5. Wu Fati, The Principle of Objectives -Driven E - Learning Course Design , Journal of China Educational Technology , 2006,(1) :17-20. 6. Cheng Zhu, LI Guilin, LIU Hai tao,The Develop ments of Chinese MOOC Platforms ,Journal of Higher Education Research, 20 14,37(2) :15-16. 7. Wu Jinhui, Contrastive Analysis on Main MOOC Platfor ms in China , Journal of Library Work in Colleges and Universities ,2015, 35(1) :11-14. 8. Huang Ming, Liang Xu,Gu Xiaolin, Mass O pen Online Course -MOOC Overview ,Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry , 201 5. 9. He Bin, CaoYang, SPOC: MOOC -based I nnovation of Teaching Processes , Journal of China Educational Technology , 2015,(3) :22-27. 10. Li Lei,Li Xiaoli, Research on M -learning Resource Design Based on IOS Handheld Device , Journal of China Educational Technology , 2014 ,(12) :93-97. 11. Xu Gaopan, Zeng Wenhua, Huang Cuilan, Research on intelligent tutoring system, Journa l of Application Research of Computers, 2009, 26(11) : 4019- 4022 . MATEC Web of Conferences 139, 00009 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201713900009 ICMITE 2017 7" 345 W4392563304.pdf 2 "Geriatrics 2024 ,9, 35 3 of 17 Ophiocephalus striatus extract on the IGF-1 and IL-6 levels in older adults with sarcopenia. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for clinicians in managing elderly patients with sarcopenia. 2. Materials and Methods This study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial aimed at determining the effects of Ophiocephalus striatus extract on the IGF-1 and IL-6 levels in older adults with sarcopenia. The study was conducted at the Geriatric Clinic of RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin, Palembang. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research Ethics Commission (No. DP .04.03/D.XVIII.6.11/ETIK/36/2023). This study spanned from March 2023 to August 2023. The target population consisted of elderly patients aged 60 years and above with sarcopenia who sought treatment at the Geriatric Clinic of RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin, Palembang. This RCT was registered under trial registration number NCT05869383. 2.1. Inclusion Criteria Older adults ( ≥60 years old, in line with the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regula- tion) with sarcopenia were diagnosed using AWGS criteria, which include low muscle mass (estimated appendicular skeletal muscle index BIA cut-off of <7.0 kg/m2for males, <5.7 kg/m2for females), low muscle strength (measured using a handgrip dynamometer: <28 kg for males, <18 kg for females), and low physical performance (assessed using the 6 m walk test: <1 m/s). 2.2. Exclusion Criteria Patients with severe chronic liver disease or elevated SGPT levels > 3 times the up- per limit of normal, impaired kidney function with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min without hemodialysis, acute disease phase (e.g., acute infection, acute arthritis, acute stroke, trauma), malignancy, depression according to the Geriatric Depres- sion Scale (score > 10), history of hypersensitivity to Ophiocephalus striatus , or that refused to participate in the study were excluded from this study. 2.3. Drop-Out Criteria Subjects were considered dropped if subjects died before day 14, were lost to follow- up, experienced severe adverse effects, developed acute conditions during the follow-up period, or withdrew from participation before the completion of the study. 2.4. Data Collection The data collection included sociodemographic information, comorbidities based on patient history and medical records, physical examinations, anthropometric measurements (height, weight, upper arm and calf circumferences), nutrition assessment (using the Mini Nutritional Assessment and 3-day food records), a functional status assessment (using the Barthel Activities of Daily Living score), mental status assessment (using the Geriatric Depression Scale), cognitive status assessment (using the Abbreviated Mental Test), sarcopenia screening (using the SARC-F questionnaire and calf circumference), a handgrip strength assessment (using the Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer Model J00105), a 6 m walk speed assessment, a muscle mass assessment (using Bio Impedance Analysis TANITA BC-545N), and laboratory tests for IGF-1 and IL-6. The selected BIA model was chosen due to its widespread use in clinical settings across Indonesia, and the BIA is supported by current guidelines, while the DXA is not available in Palembang, and Indonesia has only one, located in Jakarta. In this study, the type of sarcopenia under investigation was not limited. Instead, subjects who met the criteria for sarcopenia as defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) in 2019 and who also fulfilled all the inclusion criteria specified for the study were included. By adhering to these inclusion criteria and utilizing the AWGS guidelines for sarcopenia diagnosis, a standardized approach for participant selection was" 346 W4290000745.pdf 2 " © Mehran University of Engineering and Technology 2022 56 from a given point to search for the final solution in a possible region. This method was firstly proposed in 1984 [23] and has since been investigated in several studies [24]. This method has been used in various fields of power system operation such as economic load dispatch security -constrained optimal power flow, assessment of power system load -ability, and loss reduction [25]. This method is often used to solve linear optimization problems such as transmission expansion planning [26]. The main weakness of the internal point method is when the active constraints prevent the point from reaching the zero point or the acceptable boundary. Therefore, the great challenge in applying this method to solving the optimal power flow problem is to introduce a robust convergence approach to show the current limitations to prevent inefficiency. To deal with this problem in [27], some guidelines were discussed. The penalty function method is used to solve the nonlinear optimization problem in which a quadratic approximation is used to solve the internal point method problem [28]. Probability theory is used to indicate the uncertain ty of optimal power flow [29]. A fuzzy -based optimization approach is proposed to schedule the generation in power systems considering various uncertainties [30]. Addressed the different types of probabilistic uncertainties in load -flow studies in the mode rn power system [31]. The point estimation method has been expanded using random variables with an arbitrary distribution in the probability optimal power flow [32]. Presented a method for combining (1+2m) to investigate the impacts of different random inp uts concluding spatial and temporal variables [33]. Also, a modified PEM is analyzed POPF problem considering the correlation between sole, wind as well as the demanded loads [9, 21]. The OPF problem has been studied in a multi - objective optimization frame work [34]. Also, investigating this complex problem in the stochastic condition in the presence of random variables arising from wind and solar energy resources and their correlation by using the probability density functions is of great importance. The au thors in [35] have addressed this concept by applying the MCS method. Two MCS methods are proposed, along with the point estimation method [36]. The MCS method is usually a basic framework for POPF since it uses the real nonlinear power flow equations, and it is simple to expand. The answers to this method are used as a benchmark. MCS is among the widely applied numerical methods for POPF. Analytical solutions provide another option for solving POPF using probability densities. A PEM is a solution option fo r a probabilistic problem that operates with random variables [37]. PEM is considered a state -of-the-art method for solving OPF problems with accuracy and efficiency. Rosenblueth modified the PEM as 2 m [17]. Probabilistic methods, including the MCS Method and the PEM, have been used [38]. By using the MCS Method, we can achieve the exact voltage and power flow of branches. PEM is widely used to distribute the probability of the optimal probability flow problem, which can be used to calculate the significan t statistical results of a deterministic optimal flow [37]. PEM for analyzing the statistical moments of a random value as a function of “ m input random variables” is proposed . The load is modeled as a random variable, and two individual cases of PEM concl uding 2m and 2 m+1 concentration schemes were considered [39]. In the 2 m scheme, only the skewness is considered , but in the 2 m+1 scheme, both skewness and kurtosis are mentioned in PDF. As the value of a random variable change based on predetermined distri bution, the expected values for voltage of the buses and line loading are determined. Also, the results of deterministic PLF are entirely compared with the obtained results applying 2m and 2 m+1 scheme . We have modeled the wind speed as a Weibull distributi on using actual data and normal distributions for modeling the demanded loads [40]. The PEMs are compared with MCS results. As it was reported in this reference, the PEMs reach acceptable results in acceptable calculation time. However, in some conditions, PEMs may give inaccurate results. Combined Zhao's PEM with Nataf transformation and applied the combined method to solve the correlated PLF [9]. As it was stated in that reference, the mentioned technique can quickly deal with correlated input random variables in non -normal and normal Probability Density Functions (PDFs). Applied power system graph in which a novel probabilistic strategy for generating all probable islanding solutions are mentioned , and they are reduced using different evaluating static an d dynamic constraints they are reduced [41]. The presented technique considers the relevant uncertainties to the wind farm and demanded loads and analyzed the steady - state stability of all partitions in each possible solution." 347 W3081631753.pdf 9 "35 Page 10 of 71 Partial Differential Equations and Applications (2023) 4 :35 Furthermore, ( 1.14 )a n d( 2.1) imply that X(t(s,ξ) , x(s,ξ) )=X(0,ξ)=g(ξ),f o rs o m e strictly increasing function g∈C1(R). Differentiation, combined with ( 2.1)a n d( 2.3) yields Xt=g/prime(ξ)ξ t=−g/prime(ξ)xs xξand Xx=g/prime(ξ)ξ x=g/prime(ξ)1 xξ, (2.4) which implies 0 16 Para tanto, a Pedagogia deve continuar o seu percurso de construir a humanidade no homem, elevar a uma cultura que conecta o íntimo com o universal, entendendo que o campo pedagógico é impactado pelas políticas públicas relativa aos sistemas escolares, nos “cumpre o dever de fazer com que a pedagogia não ceda as artimanhas do capitalismo” (FREIRE, 1996 , p. 82). Nesse momento do país com a Resolução CNE 02/2019 se reverbera no cenário educacional uma lógica ameaçadora que institui a pedagogia de competências enquanto “salvadora” dos problemas educacionais, se evidencia uma estreita relação da educação à teoria do capital humano, do sujeito econômico e empreendedor; culminando no esvaziamento do princípio da humanização, da criticidade, dos processos de interculturalidade e na interrelação existente entre escola e democracia. Assim como assinalam Pimenta, Pinto e Severo (2020, p . 14): Na óptica do compromisso com a democracia, a educação é concebida como prática social crítica e transformadora. Diante do quadro problemático que se expõe com o avanço da ação mercadológica no campo das polí ticas educacionais e, mais especificamente, na rentabilização da formação docente por conglomerados financeiros próprios das ideologias neoliberais que operam nas estruturas do Estado, é preciso assumir a necessidade de situar propostas de org anização curricular do curso de Pedagogia nessa concepção. Formar profissionais no curso de Pedagogia. Portanto, não cabe pensar a Pedagogia distanciada de um contexto histórico e desvinculadas da políticas vigente; ou engessada a uma identificação restri tiva vinculada a condução de crianças, pois, ela (a pedagogia) se nutre de uma dinâmica e conforme explicita Franco (2021, p. 727): A Pedagogia como prática da educação e da liberdade está continuamente mergulhada em relações desiguais de poder, o que, en tre outras coisas, lhe confere seu inexorável papel político e ético. Assim, como se sabe, sua prática nunca será neutra e nem tão explícita. Desta forma, impõe -se a leitura crítica de sua prática para identificar o lugar da construção de sua intencionalid ade: a favor dos que são oprimidos por lógicas de dominação; ou a favor dos dominantes que pretendem assegurar seus privilégios e seus sistemas de opressão. Suas práticas estruturam -se para criar possibilidades de resistências às opressões constituídas ou essas práticas se organizam para a manutenção dos mecanismos que perpetuam as desigualdades? Nós, pesquisadores implicados com a Pedagogia, precisamos continuar a manifestação a favor da Pedagogia, pois ela é legítima e necessária na construção de uma soci edade mais justa, coadunando com a defesa de Houssaye (2004, p. 7 -8): a pedagogia é legítima; a pedagogia é um saber legítimo; a pedagogia produz saberes legítimos e historicamente legitimados; a pedagogia produz saberes específicos; a formação pedagógic a é legítima; a formação pedagógica é específica; a formação pedagógica deve ser construída em torno desses saberes legítimos e específicos; a formação pedagógica deve ser construída por pedagogos; os saberes pedagógicos se" 366 W4237890918.pdf 0 "CORRECTION Correction: Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Sickle Cell Disease: A SystematicReview ThePLOS ONE Staff There are errors in the author affiliations. The publisher apologizes for the error. The affilia- tions should appear as shown here: Vikki G. Nolan1, Kerri A. Nottage2, Elliott W. Cole1, Jane S. Hankins2, James G. Gurney1,3 1 Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA, 2 Department of Hematology, St. JudeChildren ’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA, 3 Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children ’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA. Reference 1. Nolan VG, Nottage KA, Cole EW, Hankins JS, Gurney JG (2015) Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0119908. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0119908 PMID: 25734582 PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0128853 May 18, 2015 1/1 OPEN ACCESS Citation: ThePLOS ONE Staff (2015) Correction: Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Sickle CellDisease: A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 10(5):e0128853. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128853 Published: May 18, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 The PLOS ONE Staff. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of theCreative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in anymedium, provided the original author and source arecredited." 367 W4283373401.pdf 17 "18 (HRLT). The HRLT dataset shows an overall high correlation with the observation s from 357 meteorological stations for daily maximum and minimum temperature s (R2 was 0.98 and 0.99, 358 respectively; Cor were both 0.99; NSE was 0.98 and 0.99, respectively) and the error s were smaller 359 (MAE was 1.07 ℃ and 1.08 ℃, respectively; RMSE was 1.62 ℃ and 1.53 ℃, respectively). 360 Although the HRLT dataset showed that the daily precipita tion accuracy was lower than the daily 361 temperature accuracy (R2, Cor, NSE, MAE , and RMSE were 0.71, 0.84, 0.70, 1.30 mm, and 4.78 362 mm, respectively), the daily precipitation data in the HRLT dataset were more accurate and had a 363 finer spatial resolution comp ared to the other t hree existing datasets (CMFD , CLDAS and 364 ISIMIP3a ). Furthe rmore , the accuracies for daily maximum and minimum temperature s and 365 precipitation were lower in the southwestern part of China, probably because of the complex 366 topography in that area compared to other areas. Calculation and interpolation by subregions may 367 solve this problem in future studies . The use of satellite data as an input covariate in future studies 368 will further improve the accuracy of the HRLT dataset, especially for precipitation. The HRLT 369 dataset will help identify future extreme climatic events and can be also used to improve process - 370 based model s for prediction, adaptation , and mitigation strategies. 371 Author contributions 372 Rongzhu Qin and Feng Zhang calculated the dataset, analyzed the results , and wrote the 373 manuscript; all other authors reviewed and revised the manuscript. 374 Competing interests 375 The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. 376 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-79 Open Access Earth System Science DataDiscussions Preprint. Discussion started: 4 April 2022 c Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4.0 License. " 368 W3194860153.pdf 4 "Foods 2021 ,10, 1960 5 of 12 Table 1. Composition and physicochemical properties of MCC solutions mixed with 0 (S-MCC-0G), 10 (S-MCC-10G), and 20 (S-MCC-20G) % GMP as a percentage of total protein. Parameter S-MCC-0G S-MCC-10G S-MCC-20G Total solids (%, w/w) 9.77 0.11a9.900.13a9.920.14a Protein (%, w/w) 8.64 0.08a8.580.09a8.590.18a Protein (%, w/w, dry basis) 88.5 0.72a86.70.31a86.61.21a Zeta potential (mV) " 369 W2771981070.pdf 5 "Jurnal Informatika dan Komputer (JIKO) – Vol. 2, No. 2, September 2017 108 REFERENSI [1] _____, “Pengertian Kos ”, http://libra ry.binus.ac.id/eColls/eThesisdoc/Bab2/2009 -1-00024 -AR%20Bab%202.pdf, tanggal akses 31 Januari 2016. [2] Andi Wahju Raharjo E, Jimmy Sentosa, “Perbandingan Kinerja Data Manipulation Language MongoDB dan SQL Server ”, http://www.andiwre.itmaranatha.org/jurnal/P aper%20Andi%20WRE%20cs%20 - %20Seminasik%202013%20v%20prosiding.pdf, tanggal akses 26 September 2015, 2013 [3] _____, “PHP MongoDB ”, http://php.net/manual/en/book.mongo.php, tanggal akses 18 September 2015. [4] _____, “MongoDB Manual ”, http://docs.mongodb.org/manual /crud, tanggal akses 18 September 2015. " 370 W4362478737.pdf 0 "Supplementary table 2 Single-dose toxici ty study of HER2-lytic in mice Dose of HER2-lytic ( iv) The number of dead mice/ total tested mice 10mg/kg 20mg/kg0/53/5 gg 40mg/kg 5/5 N=5 BALB/c mice were received HER2-lytic peptide as intravenous injections (50 μl/injection)μl/injection) . Supplementary Table 2 Kawamoto et al." 371 W4220727343.pdf 2 "3 Vol.:(0123456789) Scientific Reports | (2022) 12:3707 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07689-0 www.nature.com/scientificreports/funerary practices. From these results, one can conclude that only the central area of Aebutia ’s body (vertebrae) was exposed to a mild heat source at ca. 200 °C. Moreover, the presence of intact and well-preserved garlands in the same sarcophagus makes unrealistic any scenario whereby a burning process started within the sarcophagus itself. As to the remains collected from A1, distinct heating conditions were unveiled, in particular, by the INS data (Fig.  4A,B). While the fibula and rib4 appear to have been subjected to temperatures of ca. 700 °C, specimens from the radius, cranium2 and clavicles1, 2 and 3 were burned at higher temperatures. This is corroborated by the FTIR-ATR and Raman spectra, the infrared OH libration being detected for rib4, clavicles 1, 2 and 3, radius and cranium2 (at ca. 660  cm−1) but not for the fibula (Fig.  4C), while the Raman spectra of the clavicle1, radius and cranium2 comprise the typical narrow and intense ν1(PO4) phosphate signal from hydroxyapatite (typical of high burning temperatures) as opposed to the spectrum from the rib (Fig.  4D). These vibrational profiles are compatible with a heating temperature of about 800–900 °C. Additionally, there is a noticeable variation in the relative intensity of the Raman bands at 480 and 490  cm−1 from the triply degenerate phosphate mode (ν4(OPO), Fig.  4D), evidencing the presence of distinct hydroxyapatite polymorphic phases, in different amounts in each of these samples. This indicates that the bone fragments from the clavicle, radius and cranium2 were not subject to exactly the same burning temperature (although always ≥ 800 °C). These skeletal remains also display a band at 725  cm−1 (Fig.  4A) which is ascribed to contamination with calcite. Since calcite was only detected for these skeletal remains found directly on the soil (and not for those found inside the sarcophagus), it may be suggested that this contamination is due to water percolation or to a bone treatment, such as the use of lime in funerary practices (see, e.g., Ref.18). Spectroscopic results reveal that the heating processes have occurred in an environment with a reduced oxy- gen availability (quasi-anaerobic conditions), as demonstrated by the presence of carbonate and cyanamide in the tibia sample as clearly evidenced by FTIR-ATR (Fig.  4C). The inclusion of cyanamide anion (NCN2−) within the bone´s framework, identified through its infrared peaks at 702 and 2017  cm−1 (respectively from NCN deforma- tion and stretching modes), was previously only reported in bone heated at 650 °C and above under anaerobic Figure 2. Skeletal remains from the “Hypogeum of the Garlands” studied here. Samples are from Aebutia Quarta and one incinerated individual: AEBUTIA—1. Rib1; 2. Vertebra1; 3. Tibia; 4. Carpal (trapezium); 5. Rib2; 6. Cranium1; 7. Rib3; 8. Vertebra2; 9. Vertebra3; 10. Vertebra4. Individual A1–11. Fibula; 12. Rib4; 13. Craniuml2; 14. Pelvis with white concretions in the upper region; 15. Rock1 fragment; 16. Radius; 17. Clavicle1; 18. Clavicle2; 19. Clavicle3; 20. Vertebra5 with white concretions in the lower region; 21. Rock2 fragment. Details are reported in the “ Methods and materials ” section." 372 W2153888810.pdf 1 "Th is understanding is somewhat at variance to traditional clinical practice, supported by current guide-lines that recommend haemodynamic resuscitation follows a step-wise approach – initial fl uid loading, followed by the use of an inotrope to improve cardiac output, followed by a vasopressor to squeeze the circulation to augment the perfusion pressure [7]. Th ree recently published randomised controlled trials comparing the eff ects of catecholamines in severe sepsis have demonstrated equivalence in haemodynamic responses without adverse eff ects on organ function or mortality [8-10]. Of the three catecholamines studied, norepinephrine was associated with the lowest incidence of drug-specifi c side eff ects compared with epinephrine (hyperlactataemia and hyperglycaemia) and dopamine (arrhythmias). On the basis of these studies and a recent commentary [11], norepinephrine appears to be the initial agent of choice. Furthermore, these trials represent a perceptible change in clinical practice to preferentially use catecholamines early in resuscitation to defend MAP as the principal haemodynamic endpoint, although it is acknowledged that there is little evidence or agreement on an optimal perfusion pressure in septic shock [12]. Th e justifi cation for selecting MAP is based on prag- matic reasons – MAP is easy and accurate to measure – as well as it being an aggregate index of organ perfusion pressure. However, as there is little direct relationship between perfusion pressure and venous return, which remains diffi cult to measure under clinical conditions, clinicians rely on the assumption that parallel changes in the arterial and venous circulations will occur. Th e use of norepinephrine as a neurohormonal aug- men tation therapy by Hamzaoui and colleagues demon-strated inotropic and vasopressor responses in a hetero-geneous population of patients with severe sepsis using current monitoring techniques [1]. Th ese data are consistent with established biological and basic science evidence, and provide addi tional strength to the argument for viewing nor epi nephrine as a neurohormone rather than as a vasopressor and to recommend its early use as the fi rst-line agent for life-threatening hypotension. Abbreviations MAP , mean arterial pressure.Competing interests The author declares that he has no competing interests. Author details 1Division of Critical Care and Trauma, The George Institute for Global Health, Level 7, 341 George Street, Sydney 2000, Australia. 2Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia. 3Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St George Hospital, Gray Street, Kogarah, Sydney 2217, Australia. Published: 20 September 2010References 1. Hamzaoui O, Georger J-F, Monnet X, Ksouri H, Maizel J, Richard C, Teboul J-L: Early administration of norepinephrine increases cardiac preload and cardiac output in septic patients with life-threatening hypotension. Crit Care 2010, 14:R142. 2. Insel PA: Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. Adrenergic receptors-evolving concepts and clinical implications. N Engl J Med 1996, 334: 580-585. 3. Hein L: Adrenoceptors and signal transduction in neurons. Cell Tissue Res 2006, 326: 541-551. 4. Bressack MA, Raffi n TA: Importance of venous return, venous resistance, and mean circulatory pressure in the physiology and management of shock. Chest 1987, 92:906-912. 5. Jacobsohn E, Chorn R, O’Connor M: The role of the vasculature in regulating venous return and cardiac output: historical and graphical approach. Can J Anaesth 1997, 44:849-867. 6. Myburgh JA: An appraisal of selection and use of catecholamines in septic shock – old becomes new again. Crit Care Resusc 2006, 8:353-360. 7. Dellinger RP , Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, Reinhart K, Angus DC, Brun-Buisson C, Beale R, Calandra T, Dhainaut JF, Gerlach H, Harvey M, Marini JJ, Marshall J, Ranieri M, Ramsay G, Sevransky J, Thompson BT, Townsend S, Vender JS, Zimmerman JL, Vincent JL: Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med 2008, 36:296-327. 8. Annane D, Vignon P , Renault A, Bollaert PE, Charpentier C, Martin C, Troche G, Ricard JD, Nitenberg G, Papazian L, Azoulay E, Bellissant E: Norepinephrine plus dobutamine versus epinephrine alone for management of septic shock: a randomised trial. Lancet 2007, 370: 676-684. 9. Myburgh JA, Higgins A, Jovanovska A, Lipman J, Ramakrishnan N, Santamaria J: A comparison of epinephrine and norepinephrine in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2008, 34:2226-2234. 10. De Backer D, Biston P , Devriendt J, Madl C, Chochrad D, Aldecoa C, Brasseur A, Defrance P , Gottignies P , Vincent JL: Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med 2010, 362: 779-789. 11. Maybauer MO, Walley KR: Best vasopressor for advanced vasodilatory shock: should vasopressin be part of the mix? Intensive Care Med 2010, 36:1484-1487. 12. Shapiro DS, Loiacono LA: Mean arterial pressure: therapeutic goals and pharmacologic support. Crit Care Clin 2010, 26:285-293, table. doi:10.1186/cc9246 Cite this article as : Myburgh J: Norepinephrine: more of a neurohormone than a vasopressor. Critical Care 2010, 14:196.Myburgh Critical Care 2010, 14:196 http://ccforum.com/content/14/5/196Page 2 of 2" 373 W4379374720.pdf 5 "International Journal of Education, Social Science & Humanities. Finland Academic Research Science Publishers ISSN: 2945 -4492 (online) | (SJIF) = 7.502 Impact factor Volume -11| Issue -5| 202 3 Published: |22-05-202 3| 2275 Publishing centre of Finland 13. Садикова М. И. и др. КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ОЧИСТКА ГАЗОВ //ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ. – 2023. – Т. 20. – №. 1. – С. 43 -47. 14. Садикова М. И. и др. МИНЕРАЛЬНОЕ И ОРГАНИЧЕСКОЕ СЫРЬЕ //ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ. – 2023. – Т. 20. – №. 1. – С. 51 -55. 15. Садикова М. И. СВЕРХКРИТИЧЕСКАЯ ХРОМАТОГРАФИЯ (СКФХ) ЭКСТРАКТОВ ЦВЕТКОВ ДЖИДЫ И ЛИСТЬЕВ ЩЕЛКОВИЦЫ //Главный редактор. – 2022. – С. 62. 16. Bobir O., Mashhura S., Islom B. TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING EFFECTIVE CORROSION IN HIBITORS IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY //Universum: технические науки . – 2022. – №. 1 -3 (94). – С. 85-87. 17. Шарипов М. З. и др. Influence of hexagonal symmetry stresses on domain structure and magnetization process of FeBO3 single crystal //Eurasian Physic al Technical Journal. – 2020. – Т. 17. – №. 1 (33). – С. 65 -72. 18. Атоев Э. Х. Исследование взаимодействия солей хрома и цинка с различными органическими реагентами //Консолидация интеллектуальных ресурсов как фундамент развития современной науки. – 2021. – С. 324 -330. 19. Атоев Э. Х. ТЕРМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ АМОРФНОГО ГИДРОКСИДА ЖЕЛЕЗА //Прогрессивные технологии и процессы. – 2018. – С. 23 -24. 20. Атоев Э. Х., Гафурова Г. А. Рафинирование и экстракция семян тыквы сверхкритической углекислотой //Universum: технические науки. – 2020. – №. 5 -2 (74). – С. 26 -28. 21. Атоев Э. Х. ГЕТЕРОЦИКЛИЧЕСКИЕ ОКСИАЗОСОЕДИНЕНИЯ КАК АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕАГЕНТЫ //Universum: химия и биология. – 2021. – №. 3-2 (81). – С. 4-6. 22. Атоев Э. Х. Строение и свойства внутрикомплексных соеди нений 8 - меркаптохинолина (тиооксина) и его производных //Universum: химия и биология. – 2020. – №. 10 -2 (76). – С. 29 -32. 23. Атоев Э. Х. СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О МЕХАНИЗМЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ С АНТИПИРИНОМ И ЕГО ПРОИЗВОДНЫМИ //Universum: химия и био логия. – 2021. – №. 10 -2 (88). – С. 42-43. 24. Атоев Э. Х. ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РЕАКЦИЙ О, О - ДИОКСИАЗОСОЕДИНЕНИЙ //Universum: химия и биология. – 2022. – №. 9 - 2 (99). – С. 35 -37." 374 W2938458899.pdf 2 "Entropy 2019 ,21, 416 3 of 19 Table 1. A summary of the related research studies for multi-occupancy environment in the context of the type of sensors used, data association, and the approaches used as well as the results obtained. Reference Type of Sensors Data Association Approach Overall Accuracy [4] Ambient sensors yes Markov Modulated Poisson Process (MMPP) 82.3% [5] Ambient sensors no Factorial Hidden Markov Model (FHMM) and Nonlinear Bayesian Tracking 64% [20] Motion sensor yes Finite-set statistics (FISST) and Bayesian filtering - [21] Ambient and smartphone sensor no Coupled Hidden Markov Model (CHMM) and HMM 70% [22] Wearable sensors no K-NN, SVM, GMM and RF - [23] Infrastructure yes Conditional Random Field (CRF) 81.3% [24] Infrastructure yes 2 HMMs 84% [25] Infrastructure no Incremental Decision Trees (IDT) 40% [14,26] Infrastructure yes HMM and CRF - [27] Infrastructure yes HMM, DT, KNN. TDNN and MLP 84.6% [28] Motion sensor and wearable no Bayesian framework 80.2% [29] Video encoder no Linear Signal Model for Hybrid and Video Decoding 90% [30] Passive sonar yes The probabilistic data association (PDA) 85% [31] CCTV cameras no HMM 98.3% [32] Motion sensor yes Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) 82% [33] Passive sonar no SVM 83.5% Recent advances in identifying activities in multi-occupant environments are presented in [ 17]. There are many published papers related to pattern recognition that conducted their research to detect HAR in a home environment using a range of different machine learning techniques, including HMM [ 34,35]. In [ 5], the Factorial Hidden Markov Model (FHMM) and Nonlinear Bayesian Tracking method are applied and compared for tracking and recognizing human activity. The FHMM is used to model two separate Markov chains corresponding to two users whereas Nonlinear Bayesian Tracking is used to break down the observation area into the number of users. The authors indicated that the Nonlinear Bayesian Tracking method performs better than FHMM (the performance of Bayesian Tracking was 67.9% , while the performance of FHMM was 59.5% ). The authors in [ 4] proposed a new model based on the Markov Modulated Poisson Process (MMPP), an unsupervised method that detects visitors in a smart home environment occupied by an older adult living alone. The ambient sensors are installed in specific locations to cover most of the movement without affecting the routine activities of the occupier. Multiple datasets are used in their research based on the data collected from two apartments. The results of their study show that when MMPP is applied on both datasets, a recall of78.4% and a precision of 74.9% were achieved for their first dataset, whereas 80.1% recall and 84.2% precision have resulted from their second dataset. Using embedded sensors in smartphones, including built-in microphones, to recognize multi-occupancy activities is reported in [ 36]. A recent survey by [ 37] presents an overview of wearable sensors and bespoke sensors’ usage in activity recognition of multi-occupant environments. The paper highlights the cooperative interaction activities and complex activity recognition in smart homes. The authors of [ 21] proposed a hybrid approach to recognizing the complex activities of ADL using a smartphone-based sensor. First, different activities such as walking and sitting are extracted by the smartphone accelerometer data, followed by the application of HMM for each person, while the hidden stats are used for the locations of the occupant. Finally, Coupled Hidden Markov Model (CHMM) is constructed to infer the persons’ activities in a multi-occupancy environment. The hidden stats of the CHMM and HMM refer to the activities, whereas the observations of the CHMM and HMM indicate both the location and posture of the individual. The results obtained with five people demonstrated that their proposed method improves the accuracy up to 70%, compared to 30% when only accelerometer data is used. Nevertheless, the cooperative activities, where many residents work together in a cooperative manner such that each person does certain actions of the same activity or together (e.g., two persons moving a table by holding it by the ends), were ignored in this research. In [22] the authors present an overview of different classification techniques used to recognize human activity based on wearable sensors. They used four supervised classification techniques namely" 375 W4008612.pdf 8 "A cultura na sala de aula e a interdisciplinaridade Revista NUPEM, Campo Mourão, v.3, n.5, ago./dez.2011 143social; com a internet também os jovens desejam se sentir parte deste mundo moderno. Este período que vivemos causa rupturas nas identidades tradicionais provocando a fragmentação e o hibridismo. Atualmente pensar a diferença tem sido ponto atualíssimo no mundo, preconceitos são abolidos e a convivência é fundamental em um mundo em conflito. Destarte a cultura possibilita a partir deste entendimento a explicação em si mesma, oferecendo reflexões parciais das razões do por que as pessoas pensam e se expressam em comportamentos específicos. O conhecimento da cultura num contexto gera um encontro com identidades múltiplas. A prática docente guarda estrita correspondência com a cultura na qual ela se organiza, de modo que ao analisarmos uma determinada situação, poderemos inferir não só os conteúdos que, explícita ou implicitamente, são vistos como importantes naquela cultura, como também de que maneira aquela cultura prioriza alguns temas em detrimento de outros, isto é, podemos inferir quais foram os critérios de escolha que guiaram os professores. Cabe ressaltar a quase inexistência de pesquisas que possam discutir a influência cultural na formação educacional no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Acreditamos que a influência das artes são constituidoras de sujeitos e a realidade de Coxim permite que possamos refletir sobre essa absorção, capacidade de resistência, renovação e novas possibilidades criativas. Interdisciplinaridade A cultura interdisciplinar precisa ser assimilada com prazer cada vez maior e definitivamente implantada para a superação e renovação da prática educativa escolar, segundo Fazenda (2002) com seu leque de possibilidades subjetivas, criativas, afetivas, na ação objetiva, para a formação cultural do sujeito. Ivani Fazenda (2001) é a pioneira nos estudos interdisciplinares no Brasil, autora de várias obras. As primeiras pesquisas revelaram professores bloqueados nas suas criações, robotizados nas tarefas cotidianas, desapontados e alienados. A interdisciplinaridade, como tudo que é inovador, indica nova postura e transformações nas práticas docentes. Em vista disso a busca de novas alternativas e a conquista de uma nova atitude, nova visão, nova reflexão sobre a existência. Fazenda (1995) partiu da necessidade do professor trazer o conhecimento vivenciado, não só refletido, mas percebido e sentido. Gestando estas ideias, o sujeito na perspectiva interdisciplinar duvida das teorias postas e inquestionáveis, compreendendo como incompletas para as práticas cotidianas e existenciais. Parte-se para a busca da marca registrada, pessoal, na práxis. Esta marca registrada passa pela subjetividade, pela metáfora interior. A pesquisa interdisciplinar tem sido orientada pela recuperação das histórias de vida, a utilização dos recursos da hermenêutica, o uso das" 376 W3152963436.pdf 7 "expected for the impregnation of HPW (reported in ESI, Fig. SX †). The presence of HPW is also con rmed by the appearance of a new O 1s peak at 530 eV assigned to O-atom inWO 3. Interestingly enough, the Nb 3d signal was signi cantly broadened in the SPION-Nb30@HPW-R5 indicating a change inits chemical environment a erve recovery and reuse process, but especially it is possible to see the disappearance of thedoublet corresponding to the Fe 2+2p indicating the oxidation of magnetite to maghemite. In short, the changes in the oxidation state of iron, in the chemical environment of Nb and the decrease in concentration of acidic sites, especially of Bronstedacid sites, may be responsible for the increase in polymer yieldas a function of the number of reuse cycles. Conclusion The pinene isomerization reaction was chosen as model tostudy the catalytic activity and reusability of SPION-Nb30impregnated with HPW. The superparamagnetic character conferred by SPION is fundamental since avoid self- agglomeration while incorporating the possibility of magneticprecipitation and recovery. This strategy is more convenient andfaster than using ltration and conventional precipitation techniques for separation of the catalyst from the reactionmedium, in addition to save energy and time. A reusable andefficient catalyst for isomerization of turpentine oil (80 to 100% conversion of pinenes) to valuable terpenes such as camphene and limonene ( /C2450%) was achieved by treatment of SPION-Nb30 with HPW. This combination generates new Lewis and Bronsted acidicactive sites and/or a synergic e ffect, as induced by the use of toluene as solvent in combination with ultrasound probe, since theisolated components showed signi cantly lower selectivity for camphene and limonene, in addition to larger yield of polymericby-products. These probably is consequence of slow changesinduced to the catalyst by the catalytic reaction such as oxidation of SPION from magnetite to maghemite, decrease in the concentra- tion and nature of the active acid sites, and change in the chemicalenvironment of the Nb sites. The good performance and selectivityeven a er the h reuse cycle indicate the good stability of the catalyst and good e fficiency of the magnetic recovery, associated with low leaching, demonstrating the high potentiality of theoptimized material and process. Experimental section Materials All chemicals were acquired commercially from Aldrich or Merck Company and used without further puri cation. Crude turpentine oil, pure a-pinene and b-pinene were donated by SOCER RB Company. Turpentine oil compo sition was evaluated by GC-MS using hexadecane as internal standard: 54 –55% a-pinene, 44 – 45%b-pinene and 1 –2% camphene. A Q700W Q-Sonica ultrasonic probe operating at frequency of 20 kHz was used in the experi- ments. The GC-MS analyzes were performed in a Shimadzu model GCMS-QP2010 ULTRA equipment. Niobium chloride (NbCl 5)w a s kindly donated by Prof. Dr Thiago Canevari. Toluene, diethylene glycol, tetramethyl ammonium, hydrogen peroxide (30 wt%),tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ammonium hydroxide (99.8 wt%) were purchased from Merck®. Superp aramagnetic iron oxide nano- particles (SPIONs), 7 nm large, was prepared by thermo-decomposition process, as described previously. 35,57 –59 Characterization methods Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained using a JEOL, model JEM 2100 FEG-TEM (at National Nano-technology Laboratory –LNNANO, of the National Center for Energy and Materials Research –CNPEM, or at the Analytical Center of Institute of Chemistry of University of Sao Paulo)equipped with a LaB 6lament gun, Maximum acceleration voltage: 200 kV, Resolution: 0.23 nm (dot). The crystallinestructures of samples were surveyed by X-ray di ffractometry (XRD) using a Brucker D2 Phaser with Cu K aradiation ( l¼ 1.5418 angstrom) at 20 keV. The Dispersive Energy X-ray uo- rescence spectra (EDX) were obtained at 25/C14C in a Shimadzu EDX-720 equipment, with a Rh tube as X-ray source, 15 –50 kV voltage and a Si(Li) semiconductor detector cooled by liquidnitrogen. The solid samples were analyzed as powder placedonto Mylar® lm in a 30 mm diameter sample holder, while liquid samples were placed onto Mylar® lms in a 10 mm diameter sample holder and let dry under vacuum. The surface area and pore size were measured by nitrogen gas adsorption ina Gemini VII equipment, and isotherm curve analysis wascarried out by BET method. The magnetization curves of solidsamples were obtained using a vibrating sample magnetometermanufactured by EG&G Princeton A pplied Research-model 4500. A QSONICA 700 watts ultrasonic probe was utilized in the reactionssetting the pulse time to 15 s and the rest time to 15 s. The particles size and zeta potential measurements were carried out in a Mal- vern Zetasizer Nano ZS equipment using samples dispersed inwater. The acidic sites were determined by pyridine adsorptionassay as monitored by FTIR, and spectra acquired in a ALPHABruker Spectrophotometer, in transmission mode, with samplesdispersed in KBr pellets. The chemical composition of the passivelm was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using a ThermoVG K-alpha + spectrometer operating with Al-K aradia- tion source. The pressure in the analysis chamber was 5 /C210 /C08 mPa and the spot size was 400 mm .T h ee n e r g ys c a l ew a sc a l i b r a t e d with respect to the adventitious C 1s peak at 284.8 eV. Peak tting was carried out with the Avantage v5.9912 so ware using a combination of Lorentzian and Gaussian line shapes and theSmart algorithm for background subtraction. Synthesis of SPION-Nb30 catalyst The Nb precursor solution was prepared by dissolving 6.75 g of niobium( V) chloride (0.025 mols) in 200 mL of diethylene glycol (DEG) upon heating to approximately 180/C14C for two hours. The light green solution was cooled to 50/C14C and ltered using a quantitative paper lter to remove eventual impurities. SPIONs were prepared by thermo-decomposition reaction of iron( III) precursor in a high boiling temperature solvent.35,60 Briey, a solution containing 5 mmol of an iron( III) complex was heated to 180/C14C for 30 minutes, and the temperature increased to 230/C14C for 30 minutes. A er cooling, the product was 14210 |RSC Adv. ,2 0 2 1 , 11,1 4 2 0 3 –14212 © 2021 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of ChemistryRSC Advances Paper Open Access Article. Published on 15 April 2021. Downloaded on 5/18/2024 2:42:54 AM. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. View Article Online" 377 W4241528769.pdf 116 "u 0 5 -4 ~ 3 c 2 CLI ... 1 ~ 0 c -1 CLI ... :::s ... ""' ... 0 ~ ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -Average 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 ~ -95% Confidence N rl N m ~ L/') I.D ,.... co 0'\ 0 rl N rl N m ..;:t L/') I.D ,.... co m 0 rl rl rl rl rl rl rl CLI c. E ~ AM PM Time B1.46: Warren Stevens (WS) average (mean) typical day temperature difference between sun and shade loggers during the month of June 2008 -u 6 0 -5 ~ 4 c 3 CLI ... 2 CLI :a: 1 c 0 CLI -1 ... -2 :::s ... ra ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Average 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -95% Confidence N rl N m ..;:t L/') I.D ,.... 00 0'\ 0 rl N rl N m ..;:t L/') I.D """" 00 0'\ 0 rl CLI rl rl rl rl rl rl c. E ~ AM PM Time B1.47: Warren Stevens (WS) average (mean) typical day temperature difference between sun and shade loggers during the month of July 2008 -u 0 8 - ~ 6 e 4 CLI ... ~ 2 c 0 CLI -2 ... :::s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Average 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... ra ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -95% Confidence m ..;:t L/') I.D ,.... 00 0'\ 0 rl N rl N m ..;:t L/') I.D """" 00 0'\ 0 rl CLI .-I .-I .-I .-I .-I c. E ~ AM PM Time Bl.48: Warren Stevens (WS) average (mean) typical day temperature difference between sun and shade loggers during the month of August 2008 105" 378 W4379163852.pdf 6 "Vadamala Prudhvi Raj, Int. J.Exp. Biomed. Res. 2023; 2(1): 17-26 left hovering just above (noncontact mode). AFM is a helpful technology because it allows for mapping samples according to characteristics other than size, such as colloid connection rather than deformed resistance. Both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction: By identifying whether or not crystal planes are present in a solid through the geometric scattering of radiation from those planes, one can determine the degree of crystallinity of that solid. By mea- suring the temperatures at which glass and melting points are reached and the enthalpies that go along with those temperatures, DSC is a different tech- nique from that used with bulk materials that can also be used to identify the type and speciation of crystallinity present in nanoparticles [ 28] . SLN sterilization For distribution via intravenous and ocular routes, SLN must be sterile. The hot nanodroplets’ size will likely alter due to the hot o/w microemulsion that develops in the autoclave due to the maximum tem- perature at which autoclaving attained sterilization. After a subsequent progressive cooling, the SLN was reconstructed; nevertheless, certain nanodroplets may mix to form more signiϐicantly than the origi- nal SLN. Because SLN were rinsed before steriliza- tion, there may be less. In the hot system, surfac- tants and co-surfactants could improperly stabilize the nanodroplets. Formulations based on oral lipid [ 29] Among the advantages that Using lipid-based oral compositions offers are the following, The capacity of poorly water-soluble, lipophilic medications to be absorbed through the GI tract is improved, and its variability is reduced. It may be possible to minimize or do away with sev- eral stages of creation and processing, such as salt selection, drug crystalline form discovery, coat- ing, ϐlavour-decreased conϐinement, masking, and cleanup requirements during the design of very potent or cytotoxic therapeutic products. Diminu- tion or elimination of eating’s positive beneϐits. Fabrication with relatively simple, readily avail- able tools. Different oral lipid-based formula- tions include Self-emulsifying compositions, single- component lipoprotein formulations, solid disper- sion formulations, and pelletizing melt. The most widely used To create oral lipid- based compositions, excipients were found to be moderate- but rather lengthy triglyceride-based nutritional oil, such as coconut or palm seed oil, as well as lipophilic solvents, such as propylene, alco-hol, as well as polyethylene glycol 400, and glycerin, as well as a variety of pharmaceutically acceptable surfactants like Cremophor® EL and RH40. When Standard techniques (solid dry or wet granulated, either water-miscible solutions in such capsules) did not produce enough bioavailability or when the medication was an oil, these formulations were used (dronabinol, ethyl icosapentate, indometacin farnesol, teprenone, and tocopherol nicotinate). These formulations were available as liquid-ϐilled hard or soft capsules, bulk oral solutions, or both. These formulations range in complexity from straightforward drug strategies for multi-excipient, self-emulsifying pharmaceutical delivery systems using nutritive oils, with total daily medication dosages ranging from less than 0.25 g to more than 2000 mg (SEDDS). The medication content of unit-dose capsule prod- ucts ranges from 0.25 g to 500 mg, whereas that of oral solution solutions ranges from 1 g/ml to 100 mg/ml. In a capsule formulation, the total amount of lipid excipient delivered in a single dose ranges from 0.5 to 5 g. In contrast, the amount for oral solution solutions might range from 0.1 to 20 ml. Several of these goods can only be kept at room temperature brieϐly. It must be held at 2-8◦for lengthy periods due to chemical and physical stability concerns. Administrative strategies and their biodistribu- tion SLN comprises lipids or waxes that are signiϐicant to or associated with biology. A solid lipid nanopar- ticle’s in vivo course will be determined through signiϐicantly inϐluenced based on the administra- tion and distribution routes mechanism (biological material adsorbs onto nanoparticle surface whereas SLN components deabsorb through into the physi- cal environment). As a result, the carrier’s in vivo fate may be signiϐicantly inϐluenced by the body’s metabolic and transport routes. The most critical SLN breakdown enzymes are probably the lipases in several organs and tissues. Lipases break the ester bond to produce free fatty acids, glycerol, and par- tial linoleic acid. Most lipases require an oil/water contact to activate their catalytic core (lid opening). An in vitro experiment revealed that the properties of solid lipid nanoparticles (lipid matrix, stabilizing surfactant) inϐluence how quickly pancreatic lipase breaks them down. Per-oral administration: Two possibilities for SLN that can be consumed orally are aqueous disper- sions and conventional dosage forms like tablets, pellets, or capsules ϐilled with SLN. The high ionic strength and acidity of the stomach promote particle aggregation. Although, To our knowledge, no experi- © Pharma Springs Publication jInternational Journal of Experimental and Biomedical Research 23" 379 W2901908662.pdf 3 "ISSN: 2320 -5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(10), 1072 -1076 1075 Figure 2: -Malonaldehyde levels in healthy (G1,G2) and patient (G3,G4) individuals at (p<0.05). G1 control, G2, related, G3, treated, G4 untreated. Discussion :- The role of free radicals, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in carcinogenesis and their contribution to the initiation and progression of the process are well documented(9). In recent years, using MDA as a marker of oxidative stress, there has been a growing interest in studying the role played by lipid peroxidation in cancer progression. MDA is low - molecularweightaldehydethatcanbeproducedfromfree radical attack on polyunsaturated fatty acids. Increased plasma MDA levels have been reported in breas t cancer(10). Our results showed increase in MDA level in breast cancer as compared to controls thus agreeing with the previous studies, and thus suggesting increased lipidperoxidation in breast cancer patients. Presentationofnitricoxideinhumanserumisawell - known phenomenon that points to a crucial role of nitric oxide in physiological and pathological processes. It exhibits adualrole,withregard tothe complexmechanism of tumor invasion and metastasis. It could either mediate tumorocidal activity or promote tumor growth(11).Its presence has been assessed in various humanmalignanttumors(12).Some workers have reported a higher NO syntheses activity in tumors(12), while some have reported a lower activity(13). Our results support the general observation thatbreastmalignanciesareassociatedwithanincreased level of nitric oxide. In this study, we demonstrated that serumlevelsofnitricoxidearesignificantlyincreasedin breast cancer as compared to healthy subject. Increased NO in serum of breast carcinoma may be in response of inflammation(14). Considering the data presented in this study, we suggest that free radicals induce lipid peroxidation and peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acid with decreased activity of enzymatic antioxi dants in breast cancer; and NO may be increased in response to inflammation(15). However, studies with more patients and parameters related to oxidative stress, lipid profile, and antioxidants statusarerequired,toexploretheassociationamongthem, in relation to breast cancer patients and healthycontrols(16). Conclusions :- In the present study, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) level has been consistently demonstrated to be elevated in patients with breast cancer. Increase the effectiveness of (MDA, NO) in breast cancer leads to oxidative damage, tissue damage. " 380 W3033009670.pdf 3 "M. HASHEMPOUR, Z. PAKDAMAN AND M. DOOSTPARAST 465 Under the LTCPHR with the one-parameter exponential baseline DF, we have Qi:=r∑ j=1(n−j+ 1)jaD ij∼Γ(r; i); i= 1;· · ·; s; (8) where Γ(m; n )calls for the gamma distribution with the shape and the scale parameters mandn, respectively. From Equation ( 8) and for i= 1;· · ·; s,ˆi∼Γ(r; i=r), and then E(ˆi) =iandV ar(ˆi) =2 i=r. Notice that the ML estimate ˆ0in Equation ( 6) is the arithmetic mean of the ML estimates ˆifor the mean populations given by Equation ( 7), i.e. ˆ0=∑s i=1ˆi=s:So,E(ˆ0) = ¯andV ar(ˆ0) =2=srwhere ¯=∑s i=1i=sand 2=∑s i=12 i=s. Case II: The parameter ais unknown Suppose that the parameter ain Equation ( 5) is unknown. In this case, calculations are complicated. The logarithm of LF in Equation ( 5) can be written as l(1;· · ·; s; a;x) =rslna−rs∑ i=1lni−as∑ i=1r∑ j=1j(n−j+ 1)Dij i: (9) The ML estimates of the parameters which are shown by ˆˆiand ˆafori= 1; : : : ; s , (if exist) are obtained (numerically) by solving the following likelihood equations: @l @a=rs a−s∑ i=1r∑ j=1j(n−j+ 1)Dij i= 0; (10) and @l @k=a 2 kr∑ j=1j(n−j+ 1)Dkj−r k= 0; k = 1; : : : ; s: (11) From Equations ( 10) and ( 11), we have ˆa(1; : : : ;  k−1; k+1; : : : ;  s) =r(s−1) s∑ i=1i̸=kr∑ j=1j(n−j+1)Dij σi; (12) and ˆˆk(1; : : : ;  k−1; k+1; : : : ;  s) =(s−1)r∑ j=1j(n−j+ 1)Dkj s∑ i=1i̸=kr∑ j=1j(n−j+1)Dij σi; k = 1; : : : ; s: (13) Equations ( 12) and ( 13) cannot be solved analytically. The matrix of second derivatives of the likelihood with respect to the parameters is called Hessian matrix ( HM), that is HM = [[(@2log(L)=@ i@j)1≤i,j≤s+1]], where i=i;(1≤i; j≤s)andi=a;(i; j=s+ 1). For more information, see Khuri [ 17]. After some algebraic calculations, we have HM =( B11B12 B21B22) ; (14) Stat., Optim. Inf. Comput. Vol.8, June 2020" 381 W4378472965.pdf 17 "1291Cadernos de Prospecção, Salvador, v. 16, n. 4, Edição Prospect, p. 1274-1291, maio de 2023.Mapeamento de Tecnologias Direcionadas para a Prevenção de Lesão por Pressão Alinhadas às Diretrizes Internacionais Apêndice – International Patent Classiication (IPC) Tabela 1 – Códigos IPCs usados na metodologia Código iPC definição A41B-009/12Roupas de baixo protetoras combinadas com enchimentos ou almofadas absorventes ou especialmente adaptadas para segurá-las A41D-013/12 Aventais ou camisolas para cirurgiões ou pacientes A61F-005/34Almofadas de compressão cheias de ar ou líquido [válvulas especialmente adaptadas para usos médicos] A61G-005/00Cadeiras ou transportes pessoais especialmente adaptados para pacientes ou deficientes físicos, p. ex. cadeiras de rodas A61G-007/00Camas especialmente adaptadas para enfermagem; dispositivos para levantamento de pacientes ou deficientes físicos A61G-007/002Camas especialmente adaptadas para enfermagem; dispositivos para levantamento de pacientes ou deficientes físicos com estrutura de colchão ajustável A61G-007/015Camas especialmente adaptadas para enfermagem; dispositivos para levantamento de pacientes ou deficientes físicos com estrutura de colchão ajustável dividida em diferentes seções ajustáveis, p. ex. para a posição ""Gatch"" A61G-007/057Camas especialmente adaptadas para enfermagem; dispositivos para levantamento de pacientes ou deficientes físicos com disposições para evitar dores no leito ou para apoiar pacientes com queimaduras, p. ex. colchões especialmente adaptados para esse fim A43B-003/00 Calçados caracterizados pelo formato ou o uso A43B-007/08Calçados com dispositivos higiênicos ou sanitários com orifícios de ventilação, com ou sem fechos A43B-007/20Calçados com dispositivos higiênicos ou sanitários com elementos para suportar ou firmar tornozelos A61F-005/01Dispositivos ortopédicos, p. ex. dispositivos de mobilização a longo prazo ou de pressionamento direto para o tratamento de ossos quebrados ou deformados tais como talas, moldes ou suportes A61G-007/075 Descansos especialmente adaptados para os membros A61F-013 Ataduras, curativos ou almofadas absorventes A61Q Uso específico de cosméticos ou preparações similares para higiene pessoal A61K Preparações para finalidades médicas, odontológicas ou higiênicas" 382 W3173465226.pdf 47 "48 Figure S7. Structural basis of promoter -sequence dependence of primer -dependent initiation at position TSS -2 Crystal structure of T. thermophilus RPo[T TSS-2CTSS-1CTSS]-GpG -CMPcPP A. Experimental electron density (contoured at 2.5s; green mesh) and atomic model for DNA template strand (yellow, red, blue, and orange for C, O, N, and P atoms), dinucleotide primer (green, red, blue, and orange for C, O, N, and P atoms), RNAP active -center catalytic Mg2+(I) (violet sphere), and RNAP bridge helix (gray ribbon). B. Contact s of RNAP residues (gray, red, and blue for C, O, and N atoms) with primer and RNAP active -center catalytic Mg2+(I). RNAP residues are numbered both as in T. thermophilus RNAP and as in E. coli RNAP (in parentheses). . CC-BY 4.0 International license available under awas not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted April 7, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.06.438613doi: bioRxiv preprint" 383 W2903060807.pdf 0 "Vol.:(0123456789)1 3Journal of Neuro-Oncology (2019) 141:467–473 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-018-03057-z CLINICAL STUDY Increased compliance with tumor treating fields therapy is prognostic for improved survival in the treatment of glioblastoma: a subgroup analysis of the EF-14 phase III trial S. A. Toms1  · C. Y . Kim2 · G. Nicholas3 · Z. Ram4 Received: 30 August 2018 / Accepted: 21 November 2018 / Published online: 1 December 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Background Tumor treating fields (TTFields) is a non-invasive, antimitotic therapy. In the EF-14 phase 3 trial in newly diagnosed glioblastoma, TTFields plus temozolomide (TTFields/TMZ) improved progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) versus TMZ alone. Previous data indicate a ≥ 75% daily compliance improves outcomes. We analyzed compliance data from TTFields/TMZ patients in the EF-14 study to correlate TTFields compliance with PFS and OS and identify potential lower boundary for compliance with improved clinical outcomes.Methods Compliance was assessed by usage data from the NovoTTF-100A device and calculated as percentage per month of TTFields delivery. TTFields/TMZ patients were segregated into subgroups by percent monthly compliance. A Cox pro-portional hazard model controlled for sex, extent of resection, MGMT methylation status, age, region, and performance status was used to investigate the effect of compliance on PFS and OS.Results A threshold value of 50% compliance with TTFields/TMZ improved PFS (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.47–1.05) and OS (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45–0.99) versus TMZ alone with improved outcome as compliance increased. At compliance > 90%, median survival was 24.9 months (28.7 months from diagnosis) and 5-year survival rate was 29.3%. Compliance was independent of gender, extent of resection, MGMT methylation status, age, region and performance status (HR 0.78; p = 0.031; OS at compliance ≥ 75% vs. < 75%).Conclusion A compliance threshold of 50% with TTFields/TMZ correlated with significantly improved OS and PFS versus TMZ alone. Patients with compliance > 90% showed extended median and 5-year survival rates. Increased compliance with TTFields therapy is independently prognostic for improved survival in glioblastoma. Keywords Glioblastoma · Tumor treating fields · Compliance · Monthly usage Introduction Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive adult brain tumor, accounting for 56% of all gliomas and 15% of all primary brain tumors with an annual incidence in the United States that increases with age—ranging from 0.2 per 100,000 in 0–19 year old population to the highest rate of 15.3 per 100,000 in the 75–84 year old population [1]. Glioblastoma remains incurable with a median survival of only 15 months until recently [2 ]. The previous standard treatments for newly diagnosed GBM include maximally safe surgical resection followed by radiation therapy (RT) and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy [3 ]. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) are a unique treatment modality [4 , 5] for GBM that affects rapidly dividing gli- oma cells through the action of low-intensity, intermediate Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1106 0-018-03057 -z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * S. A. Toms Steven.Toms@Lifespan.org 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA 2 Seoul National University, Bundang, South Korea 3 Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada 4 Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel" 384 W2059064090.pdf 2 "121Rio de Janeiro, v. 38, n. 2, 2002 Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorialárea salientaram com exatidão os três sintomas habituais da doença. Muitos (60,2%) acreditam que um exame para- sitológico de fezes de rotina inclui pesquisa de oocistosdo Cryptosporidium parvum . Entre as especialidades, 83% dos infectologistas solicitariam algum exame caso suspei- tassem da doença. Entretanto somente 21,9% dos inter-nistas, 37,5% dos gastroenterologistas, 33,3% dos pedia- tras, 37,5% dos médicos comunitários e 42,8% dos ginecologistas obstetras solicitariam algum teste específi-co se suspeitassem da doença. As principais razões para não solicitarem testes laboratoriais específicos foram: bai- xa ocorrência da doença (23,8%), falta de familiaridadecom a doença (14,7%), falta de conhecimento dos testes (12,5%) e custo elevado dos mesmos (4,5%). A maioria dos entrevistados (94,3%) acha que precisa de mais informações sobre o tema. Por especialidade, 97,5% dos internistas, 72,7% dos gastroenterologistas, 33,3% dos infectologistas, 100% dos pediatras e médicoscomunitários e 87,5% dos ginecologistas obstetras acham que necessitam conhecer melhor a doença. Discussão Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a maioria dos médicos entrevistados, atuantes em hospitais universitáriosde Porto Alegre, sabe que criptosporidiose intestinal mani- festa-se com diarréia aquosa prolongada, especialmente em pacientes imunodeprimidos. No entanto não reconhecemoutros sintomas da doença, como dor abdominal e náuseas/ vômitos, nem outros grupos de risco, tais como crianças em creches e pessoas em contato com animais. A diarréia aquo- sa prolongada é aceita como sintoma da doença por 62,5% dos médicos comunitários e 38,8% dos pediatras, e tam- bém 62,5% e, principalmente, 44,4% destes especialistas,respectivamente, não reconhecem crianças em creches como grupo em risco, apesar de, atualmente, as crianças de dife- rentes classes socioeconômicas permanecerem nestes esta-belecimentos grande parte de seu dia. Assim, a doença pode estar sendo subestimada, especialmente em crianças. Mesmo quando há suspeita diagnóstica correta da doença podem ocorrer falhas no processo. Muitas vezes isso acontece pelo desconhecimento dos testes laboratoriais re- lativos à doença. A maioria dos entrevistados (60,2%) achaque os laboratórios são capazes de detectar o parasita emum exame parasitológico de fezes de rotina, sem requisiçãomédica para a sua procura específica. Na verdade, nenhumlaboratório realiza a procura do parasita se esta não for re-quisitada pelo médico assistente. A identificação laboratorial é importante, não somente para que o diagnóstico seja esta-belecido, mas também para que dados epidemiológicos eprogramas de saúde pública possam ser ajustados, principal-mente se levarmos em conta que o parasito é consideradoum problema de saúde pública não só nos países subdesen-volvidos, como nos desenvolvidos também (17). A razão mais freqüente apontada para a não-realização de testes laboratoriais, como o diagnóstico de criptosporidioseintestinal, foi a baixa ocorrência da doença. A maioria dosestudos de prevalência é limitada a populações selecionadas,como pacientes imunodeprimidos, crianças em creches,crianças hospitalizadas ou agricultores (6, 8-10, 14). Entre-tanto a prevalência real da doença na população geral é des-conhecida. Alguns trabalhos (11, 12) têm mostradoprevalência de 1% em amostras aleatórias de fezes na popu-lação geral, e o mesmo índice aparece em estudo só comcrianças (15). Um estudo realizado em Connecticut, EstadosUnidos, mostrou altos valores de positividade nas amostras(13), ou seja, 2,8%, quando o exame específico foi solicita-do. Entretanto todas as amostras suspeitas de criptosporidioseforam examinadas, independente de solicitação médica, eforam positivas em 5,8% dos casos. Conclui-se que os pacien-tes com alto risco de serem contaminados com a doençanão estão sendo bem selecionados para a realização de tes-tes laboratoriais. Isto pode ocorrer pelo fato de os médicosdesconhecerem a necessidade de requisição do exame espe-cífico para o parasita. Conclusão É iminente a necessidade de melhora do conhecimen- to médico sobre criptosporidiose em nosso meio. Médi- cos de todas as especialidades, mas sobretudo aqueles li-gados a populações de risco (médicos comunitários e pedia tras), têm poucas informações sobre a apresentação e os fatores de risco da doença. Em quase todas as especi-alidades é pequeno o conhecimento sobre a necessidade de solicitar a pesquisa específica do parasita no exame parasi- tológico de fezes. Assim corremos o risco de subestimar apresença da doença entre nós e, com isso, o impacto que ela exerce sobre a saúde pública, principalmente se levar- mos em consideração, como citado anteriormente, que oproblema ocorre não somente em países subdesenvolvi- dos, mas nos desenvolvidos também (17). Indubitável é a preocupação dos médicos entrevista- dos com a doença, pois a maioria se mostrou interessada em receber maiores informações sobre a mesma.Wiebbelling et al. Avaliação do conhecimento sobre criptosporidiose em uma amostra de médicos de Porto Alegre, RS" 385 W2139215633.pdf 1 "56 Jin. 0. v. a. peel and others ox [Jan. 23, The subspecies nigrimamts was based upon a single example from Mombasa (see Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 130, pi. xiv. fig. 2). U.jlavimanus is based upou a specimen in the British Museum obtained by Mr. J. Wilson at Mombasa in British East Africa. It is interesting to note tbat tbe two subspecies most distinct from each other, namely, U. f. Jlavimanus and U. f. nigrimanus, occur iu the same locality, whei'eas the subspecies intermediate between them is found elsewhere. Genus Pababuthus Pocock. Pababuthus gbanimanus Pocock. Parabuthus granimus, Pocock, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxv. p. 311 (1»95). Loc. Zeyla in North-west Somaliland (E. W. Oates), Goolis Mountains (Lort Phillips). In tbe British Museum. Pababuthus heteburus Pocock. Parabuthus heterurus, Pocock, in Donaldson Smith's ' Through Unknown African Countries,' p. 4(J2 (1897). Loc. Hargaisa, Silul, Shebeli Eiver (A. Donaldson Smith) ; Goolis Mountains (E. Lort Phillips). In British Museum. The two species of this genus may be recognized as follows : — a. Hand and brachium closely granular ; 5th segment of tail strongly int'uscate at leust below P. graninianus. b. Hand and brachium smooth, punctured, hairy ; 5th caudal segment clear yellow throughout, 4th segment and vesicle black P. heterwus. Genus Buthus Leach. Buthus occitanus (Amoreux), subsp. now bebbebensis. Colour yellow, with black lines along the keels of the upperside of the trunk, humerus, brachium, and hand, also the distal half of the femora infuscate and the base and keels on the patella?. Body and tail crested and granular as in the typical form, the granules of the inferior keels of the 2nd and 3rd caudal segments about as much enlarged as in the Spanish form ; external surface of hand with a few granules, a pair of strong granular finger-keels running along its upperside and inner edge. Total length 38 mm. Somaliland (Miss Gillett). In British Museum. Subsp. nov. ZETLENSIS. Colour a uniform reddish yellow, the appendages aud tail clearer than the trunk. Frontal intercarinal area of carapace covered with granules ; a median row of granules running along " 386 W4252902931.pdf 0 "Open Peer Review on Qeios Open Peer Review on Qeios Tracheoarterial Fistula National Cancer Institute Source National Cancer Institute. Tracheoarterial Fistula . NCI Thesaurus. Code C127825. An erosion through the tracheal wall into an artery. Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020 Qeios ID: ENCRS7 · https://doi.org/10.32388/ENCRS7 1 / 1" 387 W2911956250.pdf 1 "Sustainability 2019 ,11, 863 2 of 19 related to climate change [ 5]. Indeed, cities represent 70% of the total emissions of CO 2caused by humans [ 6], being one of the largest contributors to climate change. In addition, cities face devastating effects from climate change. Approximately 70% of cities are already coping with the effects of climate change. Since 90% of all urban areas are coastal, the damage caused by rising sea levels is expected to increase, with some cities in developing countries being particularly vulnerable. The increase in urban energy consumption has also led to an increase in urban air pollution. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 90% of the inhabitants of urban areas are subject to environmental pollution levels that exceed the recommended limits [7]. Biomass refers to all organic matter existing in the biosphere, whether of plant or animal origin, as well as those materials obtained through their natural or artificial transformation [ 8–10]. Biofuels derived from biomass include firewood, wood shavings, pellets, some fruit stones such as olives and avocados, as well as nutshells. Of these, cut and chopped firewood is the least processed, and is usually burned directly in domestic appliances such as stoves and boilers. The chips come from the crushing of biomass both agricultural and forest, with their size being variable depending on the manufacturing process from which they are derived, or the transformation process that they have undergone. Finally, pellets are the most elaborate biofuel, and consist of small cylinders 6 to 12 mm in diameter and 10 to 30 mm in length that are obtained by pressing biofuels with binders. Pellets are used especially in fuels with a low energy/volume ratio [ 11,12]. Fruit stones and seeds, as well as fruit husks, though used to a lesser extent than other standardized fuels such as fuelwood, wood chips and pellets, also represent an increasingly used solid biofuel. Indeed, it has been shown that mango stone, peanut shell and sunflower seed husk have a high energy potential, with a Higher Heating Value (HHV) similar to other commercialized biofuels [ 13–15]. This fact, together with the increasing worldwide production of these by-products, makes them especially attractive for thermal energy generation, as well as to reduce CO 2emissions. Biomass is present in a variety of different materials: wood, sawdust, straw, seed waste, manure, paper waste, household waste, wastewater, etc. [16]. Renewable energy for heating comes either from decentralized equipment in buildings or from centralized generation and its further distribution [ 17]. Decentralized biomass boilers are an emerging technology in constant development [ 18]. Biomass is a carbon-neutral energy source, since the biomass during its growth absorbs CO 2that is then released into the atmosphere during its combustion, with a zero-net balance of CO 2emissions [ 19]. However, large amounts of thermal energy are wasted in power generation and in many manufacturing processes. Cogeneration is the most widely used technology to reuse lost heat, generating useful heat as well as electrical energy. Combined Heat and Power plants (CHP) simultaneously produce electricity and heat for use in industrial, trade or residential contexts. Industry consumes all the heat and electricity it needs, and the excess electricity is fed into the grid and is consumed mostly in the local environment [ 20,21]. On the other hand, district heating and cooling networks are a highly effective way to integrate natural resources such as industrial and agricultural biomass, while increasing energy efficiency. Distributed energy systems consist of a network of underground insulated pipes, connected to a thermal or cold heat plant, through which hot or cold water is pumped to several buildings within a district [14]. Due to the wide availability of biomass worldwide, mainly because it can be obtained as a by-product of many industrial and agricultural processes, biomass represents a growing renewable energy source with high growth potential [ 22]. One of the main characteristics of biomass that makes it suitable as an energy source is that through direct combustion it can be burned in waste conversion plants to produce electricity [ 23] or in boilers to produce heat at industrial and residential levels [ 24]. However, it must be borne in mind that direct combustion of biomass is not always feasible in existing facilities, and that in many cases it is necessary to carry out physical-chemical or biological treatments to adapt it to the quality of conventional fuels. Biomass District Heating (BDH) is a very effective system for the integration of natural energy resources within urban environments, achieving on the one hand a 100% reduction in CO 2emissions compared to fossil fuels, and on the other hand an increase in energy efficiency due to the lower cost of biofuels. Biomass exists in a variety of different" 388 W4323980435.pdf 5 " IJST Vol 2 No. 1 March 2023 | ISSN: 2829 -0437 (print ), ISSN: 2829 -050X (online) , Page 48-53 53 Ariyanto The simulation is divided into 2 parts, the first part is Displacement and the second is the Safety Factor simulation of water flow in the tube by entering parameter data in the form of 4.5 bar water pressure, 0.5 m/s flow rate, and 30°C water temperature. heater flow rate 1 m/s. a) b) Figure 1 1. a) Von Misses Stress, b) Displacement Figure 12. Safety Factor After the simulation based on the picture above, it can be seen that the Boiler Water Tube pipe material is given a pressure of 4.5 bar or 65.267 psi and Von Mises is simulated with a maximum value of 3.444 MPa and then displacement is still below the maximum value of 0.002 mm. And for the safety factor simulation value of 75. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS Conclusion From the results of this writing several conclusions can be drawn, including the following: The Boiler Water Tube material for clove leaf distillation uses 2 types of materials, namely for the Tube itself using copper or Cooper material and for the Boiler wall using AISI 304 Stainless Steel Sheet (ss). After the simulation based on the image above, it can be seen that the Boiler Water Tube pipe material and given a pressure of 4.5 bar or 65.267 psi and simulated by Von Mises with a maximum value of 3.444 MPa then displacement is still below the maximum value of 0.00 2 mm, and for the safety factor simulation value of 75. Suggestion The following are suggestions for processing the watertube boiler design data, including: 1. To get maximum results and precision, it is necessary to add parameters to determine the perfo rmance of this steam boiler. 2. In the process of initiating a design, it must go through a calculation process first to reduce design errors. REFERENCES [1] Ike Ridha Rusnani, 2012, Pengaruh Pemotongan Akar Tunggang Bengkok Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum), Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Arang Sampah Organik, CV IRDH [2] Yohana E dan Askhabulyamin, 2009, Perhitungan Efisiensi Dan Konversi Dari Bahan Bakar Solar Ke Gas Pada Boiler Ebara HKL 1800 KA, Volume 11, Rotasi [3] Rachma t Subagyo, 2018, Bahan Ajar : Sistem Pembangkit Uap dan Turbin, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru [4] Lalu Mustiadi, 2020, Buku Ajar Distilasi Uap Dan Bahan Bakar Pelet [5] Sjahrul Bustaman, 2011, Potensi Pengembangan Minyak Daun Cengkih Sebagai Komoditas Ekspor Maluku, Litbang Pertanian, Bogor " 389 W3195478454.pdf 3 "performance drop, showing no material failure. This proves that one of the major challenges for elastocaloric cooling on its way to commercialization can be resolved by choosing a compression- based concept for ECSs. At the same time, it was possible to show a cooling power of 7.9 W corresponding to a speci fic cooling power of 6,270 W kg−1, which means nearly one order of mag- nitude increase compared to the best ECS-systems based on bulk ECMs21. This was possible by using latent heat of fluid duringevaporation and condensation for a fast and ef ficient heat transfer to heat sink and source. By connecting several segments in series,the maximum temperature span of the AEH can be signi ficantly increased in the future. Hereby, the speci fic cooling capacity approximately scales inversely to the number of cascaded segments 41,43, while the second law ef ficiency of the system is independent from the number of stages. In this work the loading of the elastocaloric material was done by compression. It is also possible to adapt the AEH concept to tensile loading, potentially leading to even larger speci fic cooling capacities. Thus, latent heat transfer in elastocaloric cooling systems can pave the way to many applications for an energy-ef ficient and environmentally friendly alternative to existing cooling technologies. Methods Material . The ECM used in the setup are nickel-titanium tubes with 56.25 wt% nickel and 43.73 wt% titanium (alloy contents below 0.03% are not listed) with anaustenite finishing temperature of A f=−1.4 °C and were purchased from EUROFLEX GmbH. According to manufacturer ’s speci fications, the tubes have an outer diameter of 2.40 ± 0.01 mm and an inner diameter of 1.45 ± 0.04 mm. Thetubes were cut and polished to a length of 11.005 ± 0.010 mm. The speci fic heat capacity of the alloy is 540 ± 90 J kg −1K−1and was measured by Ingpuls GmbH in a differential scanning calorimeter. Before measuring the adiabatic temperature change, the ECM was trained over more than 2,000 cycles. The adiabatic temperature span was then measured in aself-made experimental material characterization setup, giving 17.2 ± 0.5 K for loading and 11.9 ± 0.5 K for unloading for a compressive stress of 1234 ± 7 MPa (Supplementary Fig. 1). The uncertainty of the temperature results from thespecifications of the thermocouple manufacturer and the uncertainty of the stress results from the manufacturer ’s speci fications of the force sensor from HBM GmbH. Setup of single-stage AEH-system . Supplementary Fig. 2a shows the experi- mental setup for long-term-stability measurements of the single-stage AEH-system. The system consists of a crankshaft that compresses one elastocaloric segment, which is located between evaporator and condenser. The eccentricity the crankshaft is 300 µm with a tolerance of ± 30 µm. The force is measured with the sensor C10Force Sensor from Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH and determines the maximum stress. The maximum load is F max=21 kN with a reading accuracy of 1 kN. This corresponds to a maximum stress σmaxof 1226 ± 70 MPa. Supplementary Fig. 2b shows the elastocaloric segment consisting of two connectors holding the check valves (Supplementary Fig. 2d) and a bellow, where the compressive force can be applied to. Six tubes of Ni 56,25Ti43,73 were fixed by sample holders to prevent them from slipping (Supplementary Fig. 2c) and are integrated into the segment. The check valves (Supplementary Fig. 2d) separate the evaporator and condenser from the segment. With water as heat transfer fluid, a temperature difference of 1 K across the check valve results in a heat flow of 166 W in forward02468 1 0 Cycles n 1060246Temperature span [K]a) P = 0 W P = 2 Wfit fit 012345678 Cooling power [W]b) n 106 n 4,5*106 n 107model model model Fig. 3 Long-term stability of the active elastocaloric heat pipe (AEH). a The temperature span versus the number of cycles n at a frequency of 0.8 Hz is plotted in green with zero and in orange with 2 W of heating load at the evaporator. The data are in agreement with a linear for the entire measurement series (lines). The linear fit for the maximum temperature span ΔTisΔT¼5:2K/C0n/C13:8/C110/C08K, for 2 W it is ΔT¼3:1K/C0n/C15:2/C110/C08K. Error bars as calculated as described in the methods. bMeasurement of the temperature span at different heat loads at a frequency of 0.8 Hz. The data points at the beginning of the long-term measurement are shown in green, after 4.5 × 106cycles in orange and after more than 107cycles in grey. The linear fiti s expected41. The calculation of the errors is given in the methods. 10-210-1100101102 Cooling power [W]100102104106108Number of cycles n Ossmer et al.Brüderlin et al. & Chluba et al. Snodgras et al.Engelbrecht et al. & Tusek et al. ^This work Qian et al. Michaelis et al. Tensile load Compressive load ECS & ECM test setupRunout Failure No data for n Fig. 4 Comparison of cooling power and long-term stability of different elastocaloric cooling systems (ECS) or material test setups10,15,18,20–22,24,42.A square indicates tests under tensile load, the star indicates compressive load. A red frame around the data point indicates the value at which the sample in a test failed. A black frame marks tests that were stopped after a certain number of cycles (runout). Data without reported cycle stability are shown in grey. Material composition, sample shape, amount of material, stress, strain, frequency and temperature vary in the results plotted. Both, the work of Brüderlin et al.22 and Chluba et al.10as well as Engelbrecht et al.20and Tu šek et al.21are marked green, since they have demonstrated their long-term stability in a material test setup rather than in an ECS.ARTICLE COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-021-00697-y 4 COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS | (2021) 4:194 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-021-00697-y | www.nature.com/commsphys" 390 W2889306332.pdf 2 " forecasts can also contain relevant information to infer an online (or real-time) snapshot of voltage profiles. Figure 1 - Voltage magnitude variation over 240 instants of 30 minutes at phase a of node 1 of high_PV (see section IV.A). Figure 2 - Voltage magnitude correlation between the same phase of nodes 2 and 12 (left picture) and between phases a and b of nodes 9 and 22 (right picture) of high_PV (see section IV.A). III. LOW VOLTAGE STATE ESTIMATOR (LVSE) A. General Framework The basic principle behind the proposed LVSE is to search for analog voltage events in the historical dataset, using a set of explanatory variables, and extrapolate the current operating state from past information. This naturally relies on information collected online (or in real time) from a subset of smart meters, but also explores other types of information, mainly related to the autocorrelation of the voltage time series and influence of weather and calendar variables in the load patterns that results in voltage variations along the day. The analog-search procedure is described in section III.B and Figure 3 illustrates a set of potential explanatory variables. In brief, the method explores recent and current measures collected by the subset of smart meters with real-time communication and MV/LV substation meter, together with voltage observations from the previous day and from all the meters installed in the LV grid and MV/LV substation. Information about the most recent numerical weather predictions (NWP), like global horizontal irradiance or ambient temperature, can be also integrated in the model. The same is valid for measurements collected by a weather station. Information about demand response actions or dynamic price signals are other potential explanatory variables if available. The outcome is a deterministic estimation (i.e., expected value) of the voltage magnitude in the smart meters without real-time communication, which combined with the others meters provide a real-time snapshot of the system state. Figure 3 – Group of potential explanatory variables for the low voltage state estimator. The lack of full observability leads to uncertainty in the estimated variables, which is also conditional to the grid current operating conditions (e.g., level of PV generation, observability). Section III.C describes a methodology based on kernel density estimation (KDE) to derive a conditional and non-parametric uncertainty estimation. This statistical method requires a set of hyper-parameters that need to be estimated offline (to avoid “flat start”) and online (to adjust to changes in the grid structure and measurements). The model’s tuning process is described in section III.D. B. Deteministic State Estimation Formulation This estimation methodology relies on the idea that information regarding the current state of the system can be used to quantify how analogous a given known past state is [15]. When running, the state estimator searches for similarities, for each node’s phase n, computing a weighted average as in Eq. 1, where the estimated voltage for the current instant t, 𝑉෠௡,௧, is obtained as a weighted average of past states (instants 𝐻). 𝑉෠௡,௧=∑𝑉௡,௛∙𝑤௡,௛,௧ு ௛ୀଵ ∑𝑤௡,௛,௧ு ௛ୀଵ (1) The smoothing coefficients, 𝑤𝑛,ℎ,𝑡, are in this method calculated considering: i) The distance ( 𝑑௡,௛,௧) between the explanatory variables at instant 𝑡 and at each instant of the past, ℎ. In this work, we considered the absolute distance (Eq. 2) for the 𝐾 explanatory variables contained in vector 𝑢. 𝑑௡,௛,௧=෍ห𝑢௞,௛−𝑢௞,௧ห௄ ௞ୀଵ (2) ii) The bandwidth 𝛿௡ that defines the selection window of data according to the distances. Here, it is computed as a percentage 𝑝𝑟 (tuning parameter) of the range of distances, 𝑑௠௜௡ and 𝑑௠௔௫ (Eq. 3). 𝛿௡=𝑑௠௜௡+𝑝𝑟(𝑑௠௔௫−𝑑௠௜௡) (3) Other alternatives to the range of distances could be chosen like the median or the mean distance [15]. iii) A function that weights the past instants according to distances and within the bandwidth (Eq. 4), where 𝛼 is a tuning parameter, μ is the center of the distribution of distances, 𝜏௠ is the age in hours of the selected historical 0.930.950.970.991.011.031.051.07V_n1_a (p.u.) timestamp 0.910.950.991.031.07 0.91 0.95 0.99 1.03 1.07V_n2_a (p.u.) V_n12_a (p.u.)0.90.9511.051.1 0.9 0.94 0.98 1.02 1.06V_n9_a (p.u) V_n22_b (p.u.)Current Instant timet t-1t-2 t-24 Voltage from smart meters with real-time communication and MV/LV substation Most recent NWPVoltage from ALL smart meters and MV/LV substation" 391 W4281741890.pdf 9 "moral duty under conditions of distributive injustice ”and “may not exhaust the scope of legally enforceable duty, ”but should be recognized as a minimum.25Thus, although the duties that infuse contract are “ultimately interpersonal moral duties, ”their content (meaning the prohibition against exacerbating or exploiting distributive injustice) “turns on the nor- mative state of the world (i.e., distributive justice or injustice) and related facts about distribution. ”26 Bagchi sees nothing arbitrary in “recognizing those distribution-sensitive constraints in the liability conditions of contract law. ”27Quite the contrary, “distributive injustice is imbedded in the moral structure of our interper- sonal relations, and plays a direct role in de fining the scope of individual responsibility. ”28Indeed, by focusing on the duty to refrain from exploiting distributive injustice, this account helps to re fine the speci fic obligations toward the poor and disadvantaged incumbent on those who seek to inter- act with them through a direct, pro fitable exchange.29It also clari fies that the requirements of contractual fairness need not be overridden by the vic-tim’s consent. 30Finally, honing the relationship between contract and dis- tributive justice along these lines is consistent with the observation that contract law is “less sympathetic to those whose weak bargaining power reflects bad luck rather than distributive injustice. ”31 Like Bagchi, we hold that a theory of contractual fairness can hardly be oblivious to the exploitation of a party ’s poverty or disadvantageous predic- ament but we are far less certain that the prohibition against such exploita- tion is best justi fied, as she argues, by reference to distributive justice. Our concern is twofold. On the one hand, this prohibition is often unlikely tovindicate distributive justice and, on the other, the prohibition against exploitation of a party ’s poverty seems only one aspect of a nondistributive conception of justice, which Bagchi ’s framework obscures. Bagchi is aware of both these dif ficulties. She recognizes that “regulating terms risks increasing transaction costs for some parties, ”and concedes that these costs become “perverse ”when “they are disproportionately borne by the socially disadvantaged. ”But this “futility ”challenge, she argues, is highly contingent, as it depends on “how a variety of market actors value exchange on a variety of terms. ” 32Bagchi also acknowledges that not all cases of illegitimate contractual exploitation are “marked by background distributive injustice, ”but insists that the fact that so many are is telling.33 These responses, however, are unpersuasive. 25.Id.at 135. 26. Bagchi, supra note 22, at 197. 27.Id.at 195. 28. Bagchi, supra note 24, at 147. 29.Id.at 125. 30.SeeBagchi, supra note 22, at 202 –207. 31. Bagchi, supra note 24, at 136. 32. Bagchi, supra note 22, at 209 –210. 33.SeeBagchi, supra note 24, at 139.HANOCH DAGAN AND AVIHAY DORFMAN 98 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352325222000076 Published online by Cambridge University Press" 392 W3115880296.pdf 4 "Materials 2021 ,14, 173 5 of 13 Materials 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 13 K2CO 3 → K2O + CO 2 (2) K2CO 3 + 2C → 2K + 3CO (3) K2O+C → 2K + CO (4) CO 2 + C → 2CO (5) These reaction s showed that the oxidization of the carbon atom would be enhanced when the temperature was over 700 °C, which meant more oxygen atom in the carbon would be consumed during the carbonization process . That wa s the reason for lower oxygen con- tent in ACRF -50C-85%-800 than ACRF -50C-85%-600 or ACRF -50C-85%-700. Figure 2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of all ACRFs ( A) and deconvolution of O 1s peaks of ACRF -50-85%-600 ( B), ACRF -50-85%-700 (C) and ACRF -50-85%-800 ( D) 3.3. Porosity of ACRFs The macroporous morphologies of PRFs and AC RFs were presented in Figure 3. For all the PRFs, the typical SEM images of the porous material obtained via concentrated emu lsion t emplate could be seen [25,26 ]—there were many closely -packed cavities (which were called “voids”) interconnected with the adjacent ones by small pores (which were called “windows”). It was found that the size of voids could be tuned by adjusting the composition of conce ntrated emulsion —in PRF -50C-80%, PRF -50C-85%, and PRF -50C- 90% the size of voids increased with the increasing dispersed phase volume fraction in concentrated emulsion, and in PRF -50C-85%, PRF -40C-85%, and PRF -30C-85% the sizes of voids decreased with the d ecreasing concentration of continuous phas e in concentrated emulsion. For ACRF s, ACRF -50C-80%-800, ACRF -50C-85%-800, and ACRF -40C-85%-800 all inherit ed the marocporous structures of their corresponding PRFs. However, the size of macropores in ACRF -50C-90%-800 and ACRF -30C-85%-800 shrank obviously, which illustrated that the macropores in PRF -50C-90% and PRF -30C-85% collapsed during the carbonization process [27]. The marcoporous morphologies of ACRF -50C-85%-600, ACRF -50C-85%-700, and ACRF -50C-85%-800 were similar ( Figure S2), indicating that the influence of carbonization temperature on macropores in ACRFs was limited . In general, the macroporous structure of ACRFs could be tuned by concentrated emulsion to some extent. A C B D Figure 2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of all ACRFs ( A) and deconvolution of O 1s peaks of ACRF-50-85%-600 ( B), ACRF-50-85%-700 ( C) and ACRF-50-85%-800 ( D). When the temperature is over 700C: K2CO 3!K2O + CO 2 (2) K2CO 3+ 2C!2K + 3CO (3) K2O+C!2K + CO (4) CO 2+ C!2CO (5) These reactions showed that the oxidization of the carbon atom would be enhanced when the temperature was over 700C, which meant more oxygen atom in the carbon would be consumed during the carbonization process. That was the reason for lower oxygen content in ACRF-50C-85%-800 than ACRF-50C-85%-600 or ACRF-50C-85%-700. 3.3. Porosity of ACRFs The macroporous morphologies of PRFs and ACRFs were presented in Figure 3. For all the PRFs, the typical SEM images of the porous material obtained via concentrated emulsion template could be seen [ 25,26]—there were many closely-packed cavities (which were called “voids”) interconnected with the adjacent ones by small pores (which were called “windows”). It was found that the size of voids could be tuned by adjusting the composition of concentrated emulsion—in PRF-50C-80%, PRF-50C-85%, and PRF-50C- 90% the size of voids increased with the increasing dispersed phase volume fraction in concentrated emulsion, and in PRF-50C-85%, PRF-40C-85%, and PRF-30C-85% the sizes of voids decreased with the decreasing concentration of continuous phase in concentrated emulsion. For ACRFs, ACRF-50C-80%-800, ACRF-50C-85%-800, and ACRF-40C-85%- 800 all inherited the marocporous structures of their corresponding PRFs. However, the size of macropores in ACRF-50C-90%-800 and ACRF-30C-85%-800 shrank obviously, which illustrated that the macropores in PRF-50C-90% and PRF-30C-85% collapsed during the carbonization process [ 27]. The marcoporous morphologies of ACRF-50C-85%-600, ACRF-50C-85%-700, and ACRF-50C-85%-800 were similar (Figure S2), indicating that the influence of carbonization temperature on macropores in ACRFs was limited. In general, the macroporous structure of ACRFs could be tuned by concentrated emulsion to some extent." 393 W4241125781.pdf 12 "Page 13/14 Figure 2 Relationship between climatic factors and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 across the Spanish AA.CC. Data on UVR (J/m2), temperature (ºC), and relative humidity (%) were collected from the months with the highest infectivity. These meteorological variables were correlated with the cumulative incidence (previous 14 days) x105 inhabitants, on March 15 for February climate variables and on April 15 for March climate variables. *p<0.001." 394 W4210675544.pdf 3 "Page 4 of 11 Hsieh et al. BMC Ophthalmology (2022) 22:44 Table 1 Demographics and Baseline characteristics Values are presented as N (%) or mean (SD) P value for chi square test or two independent t test *represent P value less than 0.05case (N = 19) control (N = 17) P value Age 7.78 (0.88) 8.31 (1.01) 0.109 Sex 0.187 Male 12 (63.2%) 7 (41.2%) Female 7 (36.8%) 10 (58.8%) Anisometropia or Isometropia 0.167 A 18 (94.7%) 13 (76.5%) I 1 (5.3%) 4 (23.5%) Anisometropia definition met 0.143 Cylinder only (≥1.50D difference) 1 (5.3%) 2 (11.8%) Spherical equivalent only (≥0.50D difference) 11 (57.9%) 10 (58.8%) Spherical equivalent and cylinder 7 (36.8%) 1 (5.9%) Refractive error in amblyopia eye – 0 to + 1.00D 0 (0%) 1 (5.9%) + 1.00D to < + 2.00D 0 (0%) 2 (11.8%) + 2.00D to < + 3.00D 1 (5.3%) 1 (5.9%) + 3.00D to < + 4.00D 1 (5.3%) 1 (5.9%) + 4.00D to < + 5.00D 5 (26.3) 4 (23.5%) ≥ + 5.00D 1 (5.3%) 4 (23.5%) -1.00D to 0 1 (5.3%) 0 (0%) -2.00D to < −1.00D 0 (0%) 2 (11.8%) -3.00D to < −2.00D 4 (21.1%) 0 (0%) -4.00D to < −3.00D 0 (0%) 0 (0%) -5.00D to < −4.00D 4 (21.1%) 1 (5.9%) < −5.00D 2 (10.5%) 1 (5.9%) Depth of Amblyopia 0.051 severe (> 0.7 logMAR) 2 (10.5%) 5 (29.4%) moderate (0.3 to 0.7 logMAR) 10 (52.7%) 12 (70.6%) mild (< 0.3 logMAR) 7 (36.8%) 1 (5.9%) Table 2 Improvement of BCVA from baseline to follow‑up visits in 2 groups Data presented as mean (SD). p value for two independent t test Δ0–1: Difference between 3rd month and baseline Δ0–2: Difference between 6th month and baseline Δ0–3: Difference between 9th month and baseline Δ0–4: Difference between 12th month and baseline Δ0-E: Difference between endpoint and baseline *represent P value less than 0.05Variables Δ0–1Δ0–2Δ0–3Δ0-E control case P value control case P value control case P value control case P value logMAR N = 13 N = 18 N = 6 N = 3 N = 1 N = 1 N = 17 N = 19 0.07 (0.18) 0.32 (0.20) 0.005* 0.12 (0.15) 0.23 (0.21) 0.356 0.30 (−) 0.40 (−) – 0.12 (0.18) 0.29 (0.20) 0.006*" 395 W2073559421.pdf 6 "Accordingly, the electrophysiological studies that target this lateral nucleus demonstrate that ghrelin decreases the frequency ofmEPSCs recorded, indicating that ghrelin reduces synaptictransmission in this area. Specificity of this effect to GHS-R1Awas verified by the fact that co-application of a GHS-R1Aantagonist with ghrelin abolished ghrelin’s electrophysiologicaleffects. Given that the lateral amygdaloid nucleus is considered tobe functionally linked to affective motivated behavior, connectedto the nucleus accumbens [42], it is well placed to receive andcontribute to ghrelin’s effects on food intake and food-motivatedbehavior. Indeed, this subnucleus of the amygdala, that we nowdemonstrate is ghrelin-responsive, is known to be important forappetitive learning and for assigning emotional and motivationalsignificance to environmental cues [43–45]. Previous studies have shown that hyper-excitability of pyrami- dal-like neurons in the lateral amygdaloid nucleus is linked toanxiety-like behavior [46]. Conversely, it has also been shown thata reduction of this activity, for example via activation of inhibitoryneuropeptide Y-expressing neurons, leads to a reduction inanxiety-like behavior [47]. This is especially relevant to thepresent study in which we demonstrate that ghrelin administrationnot only suppresses the activity of the pyramidal-like neurons inthis area but also suppresses anxiety-like behavior in the EPM testwhen administered directly into the amygdala. Thus ourelectrophysiology data are supportive of the behavioral results,as ghrelin reduces both the activation of pyramidal-like neurons and anxiety-like behavior. Previous studies determining the effects of intra-amygdala injection of ghrelin on feeding behavior are not altogether in agreement; whereas one study reported no effect on regular chow intake [19] another reported a decrease in liquid food intake [48]. In the present study we found that intra-amygdala injection of ghrelin robustly increased food intake in fed rats given free access to normal chow. Note that, in the present study, ghrelin was administered, by microinjection of a small volume, to the part of the amygdala where GHS-R is most abundant thereby limiting diffusion to adjacent structures (as depicted in Fig. 1). Given that lesions of the amygdala have been shown to increase or decrease food intake in a site-specific manner [49], we may infer that the focal site of ghrelin injection (including spread from the injection site) may be critical for determining the feeding response, and likely differs between these different studies. Previously we demonstrated that central administration of a ghrelin receptor antagonist suppresses the hyperphagia observed after an overnight fast [33]. Given that ghrelin levels are high during fasting [50], providing a strong motivational drive for food intake [5–7,39], these findings suggest that endogenous ghrelin could have a role in hunger-induced food intake. Here we extendthese studies to demonstrate that food intake after an overnight fast can be reduced by administration of a ghrelin receptor antagonist directly into the amygdala. We may infer, therefore, that Figure 6. Effects of intra-amygdala administration of ghrelin on anxiety-like behavior in rats given access to food. In rats given access to food during the first hour after intra-amygdala injection (FOOD ACCESS), ghrelin increased food intake relative to saline controls (g of chow), bo th during this hour and during the 1 hr measurement taken after the anxiety tests (A). In this paradigm there was no effect of ghrelin (relative to saline controls) on anxiety-like behavior in either the EPM test (time spent in the open arm; B) or the open field test (central activity or central rearing; C, D respectively). *P ,0.05 **P ,0.01, vs. saline. Independent samples t-test, SPSS. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046321.g006Ghrelin and Amygdala PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 7 October 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 10 | e46321" 396 W2896675998.pdf 3 " Rev. Ambient . Água vol. 13 n. 5, e2051 - Taubaté 2018 4 Douglas Cavalcante Costa et al. 30,5 a 32°C e as mínimas entre 21,0 a 22,5°C. O período mais chuvoso ocorre de dezembro a maio com cerca de 80% dos totais pluviais e, entre junho a novembro são contabilizados o restante do volume precipitado na região (Varela -Ortega et al., 2013). Figura 1. Mapa de localização do polo de grãos Santarém/Belterra no oeste do Pará, Amazônia. Para calcular a pegada hídrica total das oito cultivares testadas na região, fez -se as estimativas das pegadas hídricas verde e cinza a partir dos valores em ren dimento dessas cultivares, mas os valores de estimativas de taxas evapotranspiratórias foram contabilizados considerando a duração do ciclo e condições térmico -hídricas em cada ano/safra, no período de 2009 a 2014, conforme descrito a seguir. Como na regi ão de estudo os cultivos não são irrigados, a PH azul foi desconsiderada na contabilização da pegada hídrica total. 2.1. Pegada hídrica verde (PH verde) Para o cálculo de evapotranspiração da cultura no polo de grãos de Santarém/Belterra foi utilizado o modelo CROPWAT 8.0 que foi desenvolvido pela Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO, 2010). Nessa ferramenta foram inseridos os dados mensais, correspondentes ao período de 2009 a 2014. Assim, inseriram -se os val ores de precipitação pluvial (mm), temperatura máxima e mínima (°C), umidade relativa do ar (%) e velocidade do vento (m s-1), oriundos de estação automática do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) e posto pluvial da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA). Os valores de coeficiente da cultura (Kc) adotados foram 0 ,4, 1,15 e 0 ,5, correspondentes a fase inicial, média e final, respectivamente (Allen et al., 1998). Identifica -se na Amazônia a predominância de Latossolo Amarelo, o que determinou os valores de en trada gerais do solo no software. A PH verde foi estimada baseando -se nos dados de clima, de precipitação e no período de semeadura de cada cultivar apontad os na Tabela 1. Utilizou -se a metodologia de Hoekstra et al. (2011), Equação 1. " 397 W2903887178.pdf 7 "Adang Djumhur Salikin, Ilham Bustomi, Irfan Zidny 299 299 Dan kewajiban penulis adalah taat kepada Allah SWT dan Rasul -Nya, serta mengembalikan kepada Allah dan rasul - Nya jika terjadi perbedaan pendapat. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abu Zahrah , Tārikh al -Madz āhib al - Islāmiyah , 1989 Dar al -Fikr al - Arabi, Kairo Abu Zahrah, Ibnu Hazm Hay ātuhū wa Ashruh ū Arā‟uhū wa Fiqhuh ū, 1997 Dar al -Fikr, Kairo Al-Imam Muaffiq al -Dīn Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Qud āmah al -Maqsidi, al-Mughniy , Juz VIII, Beirut: Daar al -Kutub al -Ilmiyah, t.th Hasballah Thaib dan Mara Halim Harahap, Hukum Keluarga Dalam Syariat Islam , Al-Azhar, 2010 Medan: Universitas Henni Handayani , Tinjauan yuridis gugat cerai yang dilakukan via sms (short message services) menurut Hukum Islam dan Undang - Undang No.1 tahun 1974 : studi kasus putusan Pengadilan Agama Bangkalan No.0253/Pdt.G/2013/PA.Bkl , 2013 Jakarta, Fakulas Hukum Universitas Indonesia: Ibnu Hazm, al-iḥkām fī uṣūl al -aḥkām , 1998 Dar al -Fikr Beirut Ibnu Hazm , al-Muhalla bil Atsar , Beirut: Dar al Fikr, t.th Ibnu Hazm , al-Muhalla, Juz X, Dar al - Fikr, t.th , Cairo Liliyah Linda Fianti , Perceraian Melalui SMS (Short Message Service) Menurut Hukum Islam , 20 03 Surabaya , Fakultas Hukum Universitas Airlangga M.Yahya Harahap, Kedudukan, Kewenangan, dan Acara Peradilan Agama , 2003 Sinar Grafika, Jakarta Nana Syaodih Sukmadinata, Metode Penelit ian Pendidikan , 2010 PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, Bandung Noeng Muhadjir, Metodologi Penelitian kualitatif , 1996 Rakesarasin, Yogyakarta Rima Safria , Perselingkuhan Melalui Facebook dan SMS Akibat Penyebab Perceraian (Studi pada Pengadilan Agama Surakarta) , 2014 Jakarta, Fakulas Syari‟ah dan Hukum UIN Syarif Hidayutullah Slamet Abidin dan Aminudin, Fiqih Munakahat I, 2011 Pustaka Setia , Bandung: CV. Wjs Peorwardamita, Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia ,: 2006 Balai Pustaka Jakarta " 398 W1998211972.pdf 3 "Table 3 Summary of the available “viewing software ”smartphone applications. *Price refers to the advertised cost of downloading the application from the application store; additional costs are not included. MIP=maximum intensity projection, MPR=multiplanar reformatting, PACS=picture archiving and communication system, ROI=region of int erest, SUV=specific uptake value, VRT= volume-rendering technique, W/L=window level Application name Application storeDeveloper Price* FDA approved Advertised viewing featuresPACS Advertised limitations Tablet application available Centricity Radiology Mobile AccessApple/ Google PlayGE Healthcare Free No Zoom, pan, scroll, W/L, 2D, 3D, MIP, MPRGE Centricity PACS Not for diagnostic use Yes DicomDroid Google Play Mediko srl €20.62 No Not stated Any PACS None stated Yes DocBookMD Google Play DocBookMD Free No Not stated Any PACS via messaging applicationNone stated Yes Doshi Diag Apple My Personal Health Record ExpressFree No Zoom, scroll, cine loop Doshi Diagnostics PACS Not for diagnostic use No eFilm Mobile Apple Merge Healthcare Free No Zoom, pan, W/L eFilm PACS Not for diagnostic use Yes ENDEAVOR Google Play Computer Vision Research GroupFree No Zoom, pan, scroll, W/L, annotateAny PACS None stated Yes Fujifilm Synapse MobilityApple/ Google PlayFujifilm Medical Systems USAFree Yes (for iPhone/ iPad)Zoom, W/L, 2D, 3D, MIP, MPRFujifilm systems PACS For diagnostic use on iPhone/iPadYes iClarity Lite: Advanced Medical ImagingViewer and ImageManagement ToolApple iCRco Inc. Free No Zoom, pan, scroll, W/L, measurement,cine loopAny PACS Not for diagnostic use Yes iClarity: Advanced Medical ImagingViewer and ImageManagement ToolApple iCRco Inc. €3.54 No Zoom, pan, scroll, W/L, measure, cine loopAny PACS Not for diagnostic use Yes Independent Apple My Personal Health Record ExpressFree No Zoom, scroll, cine loop Independent Imaging ’s PACSNot for diagnostic use Yes INFINITT Mobile ViewerApple/ Google PlayINFINITT Healthcare Free No Zoom, pan, W/L, cine, measure, ROIINFINITT PACS Not for diagnostic use Yes inteleGRID Apple Intelemage Free No Zoom, pan, scroll, W/L Any PACS None stated Yes IOP Mobile Apple ZED Technologies Free No Not stated Olympic Park PACS None stated YesiPaxera Apple Paxeramed Corp €3.54 No Zoom, pan, rotate, W/L, measureAny PACS Not for diagnostic use Yes MITK Pocket Apple Medical Embedded SystemsFree No Zoom, MPR, W/L, measure, annotationAny PACS None stated Yes Mobile MIM Apple MIM Software Free Yes 2D, 3D, MIP, measure, annotate, SUVAny PACS Only to be used when no accessto workstations.Not for mammographyYes MphRx Apple My Personal Health Free No Zoom, scroll, cine loop Any PACS via MphRx cloudsystemNot for diagnostic use No MRDS Google Play Inrete SRL Free No Not stated Any PACS None stated Yes OsiriX HD Apple Pixmeo SARL €24.88 No Zoom, pan, rotate, W/L , cine , measure, ROIAny PACS Not for diagnostic use Yes ResolutionMD Mobile Apple/ Google PlayCalgary Scientific Free Yes (for iPhone/ iPad)Zoom, pan, W/L, 2D, 3D, MIP, MPR,measure, cineResolutionMD PACS For diagnostic use on iPhone/iPad. Notfor mammographyYes558 Insights Imaging (2013) 4:555 –562" 399 W3126576191.pdf 5 "Infrastructures 2021 ,6, 20 6 of 11 Infrastructures 2021 , 6, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 10 Figure 6. Maximum lateral deflection case of an 8-story building. Figure 7. Maximum lateral deflection case of a 10-story building. Comparing the results of the maximum displacements of the fixed base and the other soil type models, we can observe that the effects of the SSI increase the displacements considerably between the 5-story and 8-story case s. It increases by 96% at the 5-story level for the soil type 4, which is less than between the 8-story and 10-story cases which increase by 37% at the 5-story level of soil type 4. It is observable that the case of soil type 1 does not present any difference in displace- ment values with the fixed base for the three cases, which proves that the fixed base is only valid with a non-cohesive soil. In addition, we can observe that in all case s, we exceeded the limit value of the code but it is amplified with the increasing stor y structure and the decreasing soil rigidity. 3.2. Inter-Story Drift Results The inter-story drift mentioned below is calculated by the following: 𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑡 = 𝑑 (𝑖 + 1) − 𝑑 (𝑖) ℎ (2) The limitation of the code in our case is given by 1% [25]. As the figures show, the inter-story drift increases considerably between levels 1 and 2 (Figures 8–10), with a small difference between the case of rigid soil (non-cohesive soil) and the embedded base case. Figure 6. Maximum lateral deflection case of an 8-story building. Infrastructures 2021 , 6, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 10 Figure 6. Maximum lateral deflection case of an 8-story building. Figure 7. Maximum lateral deflection case of a 10-story building. Comparing the results of the maximum displacements of the fixed base and the other soil type models, we can observe that the effects of the SSI increase the displacements considerably between the 5-story and 8-story case s. It increases by 96% at the 5-story level for the soil type 4, which is less than between the 8-story and 10-story cases which increase by 37% at the 5-story level of soil type 4. It is observable that the case of soil type 1 does not present any difference in displace- ment values with the fixed base for the three cases, which proves that the fixed base is only valid with a non-cohesive soil. In addition, we can observe that in all case s, we exceeded the limit value of the code but it is amplified with the increasing stor y structure and the decreasing soil rigidity. 3.2. Inter-Story Drift Results The inter-story drift mentioned below is calculated by the following: 𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑡 = 𝑑 (𝑖 + 1) − 𝑑 (𝑖) ℎ (2) The limitation of the code in our case is given by 1% [25]. As the figures show, the inter-story drift increases considerably between levels 1 and 2 (Figures 8–10), with a small difference between the case of rigid soil (non-cohesive soil) and the embedded base case. Figure 7. Maximum lateral deflection case of a 10-story building. It can also be noticed that the non-cohesive soil (type 1) has practically the same value as the fixed base case. Comparing the results of the maximum displacements of the fixed base and the other soil type models, we can observe that the effects of the SSI increase the displacements considerably between the 5-story and 8-story cases. It increases by 96% at the 5-story level for the soil type 4, which is less than between the 8-story and 10-story cases which increase by 37% at the 5-story level of soil type 4. It is observable that the case of soil type 1 does not present any difference in displace- ment values with the fixed base for the three cases, which proves that the fixed base is only valid with a non-cohesive soil. In addition, we can observe that in all cases, we exceeded the limit value of the code but it is amplified with the increasing story structure and the decreasing soil rigidity." 400 W4309042737.pdf 42 "693 Scientometrics (2023) 128:651–698 1 3 To clarify the importance of positive sorting in enhancing quality in academia, I also estimated the total academic output with and without the sorting effect. I interpret the aca- demic output as a result of high-level teaching and high-impact research. Following de la Croix et al. (2022), I first aggregate the individual quality of every scholar i predicted to teach in a university k to compute institutions’ output (characterized as a CES production function), and I aggregate them to compute the total output of the model—with and with- out the sorting effect. I proceed as follows: where ̂pik is the predicted probability for a scholar i to choose university k, as shown in the three examples above. These values weigh scholar’s human capital qi . The additional parameter /u1D70C denotes the elasticity of substitution between individual quality of profes- sors in producing institutions’ output. This parameter is crucial because, by assuming it to be finite, it demonstrates complementarity between professors. As /u1D70C falls, the gains from matching better scholars in the best institutions rise, improving the total output. The results are in the main text, Table 9.(17) Y=/uni2211.s1 k/parenleft.s4 /uni2211.s1 îpikq𝜌−1 𝜌 i/parenright.s4 𝜌 𝜌−1Table 25 Predicted values of individual location choice probabilities—role of sorting Benchmark (6) Benchmark (6)—NO sorting A B C A B C Birthplace ln of HCFlorence 10.097 (%)Florence 4.415 (%)Florence 2.487 (%)Florence 10.097 (%)Florence 4.415 (%)Florence 2.487 (%) UNIROMA2 6.5 3.0 2.1 3.3 2.1 1.8 UNIBO 11.1 7.7 6.3 7.2 6.2 5.5 UNITO 4.1 2.1 1.5 2.8 1.7 1.4 UNIMI 7.3 4.3 3.3 5.7 3.7 3.0 UNIPD 6.3 4.0 3.2 5.1 3.5 3.0 LUISS 3.6 2.3 1.8 3.2 2.1 1.7 CATT 6.1 3.9 3.1 5.7 3.7 3.0 UNIVPM 3.8 2.8 2.4 4.0 2.8 2.3 UNIVE 5.6 4.2 3.5 6.3 4.3 3.6 BOCCONI 4.9 3.6 3.0 5.6 3.7 3.0 UNITN 3.4 2.4 2.0 3.9 2.5 2.0 BICOCCA 4.8 3.5 2.9 5.6 3.6 3.0 UNIFI 23.5 49.0 58.5 28.8 51.9 60.0 UNIVR 3.0 2.6 2.2 4.0 2.8 2.4 UNIBA 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.7 0.9 0.7 FUB 2.7 2.1 1.8 3.9 2.4 1.9 UNIROMA1 2.2 1.8 1.6 3.1 2.0 1.7" 401 W2914522527.pdf 4 "Yang et al. Serum Uric Acid Levels and BPPV FIGURE 4 | Sensitivity analysis of the studies in serum uric acid level between the BPPV and control groups. FIGURE 5 | Forest plot of serum uric acid level as an independent risk fa ctor for BPPV across all studies, in the subset of studies con ducted within China or in the subset conducted outside China. The x-axis shows the 95% con fidence interval. acid levels can trigger inflammation of the gelatinous matri x to which otoconia are connected ( 33,34); uric acid can promote the release of inflammatory mediators that induce productionof damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Through a similar inflammatory mechanism, elevated serum uric acid levels may trigger production of ROS that damage the vasculature ( 35,36), Frontiers in Neurology | www.frontiersin.org 5 February 2019 | Volume 10 | Article 91" 402 W868410753.pdf 5 "Collisions of random walks in reversible random graphs References [1]David Aldous and James Allen Fill, Reversible markov chains and random walks on graphs , 2002, Unfinished monograph, recompiled 2014. [2]David Aldous and Russell Lyons, Processes on unimodular random networks , Electron. J. Probab. 12(2007), no. 54, 1454–1508. MR-2354165 [3]Omer Angel and Oded Schramm, Uniform infinite planar triangulations , Comm. Math. Phys. 241 (2003), no. 2-3, 191–213. MR-2013797 [4]Martin T. Barlow, Yuval Peres, and Perla Sousi, Collisions of random walks , Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat. 48(2012), no. 4, 922–946. MR-3052399 [5]I. Benjamini, R. Lyons, Y. Peres, and O. Schramm, Group-invariant percolation on graphs , Geom. Funct. Anal. 9(1999), no. 1, 29–66. MR-1675890 [6] Itai Benjamini and Nicolas Curien, Ergodic theory on stationary random graphs , Electron. J. Probab. 17(2012), no. 93, 20. MR-2994841 [7]Itai Benjamini and Oded Schramm, Recurrence of distributional limits of finite planar graphs , Electron. J. Probab. 6(2001), no. 23, 13 pp. (electronic). MR-1873300 [8]XinXing Chen and DaYue Chen, Two random walks on the open cluster of Z2meet infinitely often , Sci. China Math. 53(2010), no. 8, 1971–1978. MR-2679079 [9]Ori Gurel-Gurevich and Asaf Nachmias, Recurrence of planar graph limits , Ann. of Math. (2) 177 (2013), no. 2, 761–781. MR-3010812 [10] Olle Häggström, Infinite clusters in dependent automorphism invariant percolation on trees , Ann. Probab. 25(1997), no. 3, 1423–1436. MR-1457624 [11] Antal A. Járai, Incipient infinite percolation clusters in 2D , Ann. Probab. 31(2003), no. 1, 444–485. MR-1959799 [12] Harry Kesten, The incipient infinite cluster in two-dimensional percolation , Probab. Theory Related Fields 73(1986), no. 3, 369–394. MR-859839 [13] Maxim Krikun, Local structure of random quadrangulations , arXiv:math/0512304 (2005). [14] Manjunath Krishnapur and Yuval Peres, Recurrent graphs where two independent random walks collide finitely often , Electron. Comm. Probab. 9(2004), 72–81 (electronic). MR- 2081461 [15] Thomas M. Liggett, Interacting particle systems , Classics in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2005, Reprint of the 1985 original. MR-2108619 [16] R. Lyons and Y. Peres, Probability on trees and networks , Cambridge University Press, 2015, In preparation. Current version available at http://mypage.iu.edu/~rdlyons/ . [17] J. R. Norris, Markov chains , Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998, Reprint of 1997 original. MR-1600720 Acknowledgments. This work was carried out while TH was an intern at Microsoft Research. We thank Itai Benjamini for suggesting this problem, and also thank Lewis Bowen, Perla Sousi and Omer Tamuz for helpful discussions. ECP20(2015), paper 63. Page 6/6ecp.ejpecp.org" 403 W4283793114.pdf 1 "Jin et al. Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Vascular Diseases INTRODUCTION Epidemiologic studies have shown an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels a nd cardiovascular disease ( 1); however, recent clinical trials ( 2,3) and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies ( 4,5) failed to established a clear causal association between HDL cholest erol and cardiovascular disease. This led to the hypothesis that t he atheroprotective role of HDL lies in its function rather than in itsconcentrations( 6). The most important measure of HDL function is cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), the ability of HDL to reverse cholestero l transport from peripheral cells ( 7). Previous cohort and case- control studies showed that CEC was inversely associated wi th atherosclerosis and the incidence of cardiovascular event s in the general population, independently of the HDL cholesterol concentration ( 8–11). However, observational epidemiological studies may suffer from confounding and selection bias that represent obstacles to valid causal inference ( 12,13). The causal association between CEC and cardiovascular diseases is sti ll controversial.Furthermore,ischemicstrokehadaheterog eneous mechanism and may have different cause and risk factors from coronary artery disease (CAD) ( 14). Previous MR studies have showed a weaker effect on ischemic stroke than on CAD for some lipid metabolic factors, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) variants ( 15,16). Therefore, the relative effects of CEC onCADandischemicstrokeneedsfurtherinvestigation. MR study, using genetic variants as instrumental variables, is a method that can control potential confounders and revers e causationthatmaybiasobservationalstudies,andmakestr onger causal inferences between an exposure and risk of diseases ( 12). Inthepresentstudy,weaimedtouseMRanalysistoexaminethe causalrelevanceofCECforCADandmyocardialinfarction(MI ), andcomparesitwiththatforischemicstrokeanditssubtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Design A two-sample MR analysis using CEC-related genetic variants as instrumental variable was designed to evaluate the causa l effect between CEC and risk of CAD and ischemic stroke (SupplementaryFigure1 ).Summary-leveldataontheexposure (CEC) were derived from a recent published genome-wide association study (GWAS) of up to 5,293 European individuals (17) and data on the outcome (CAD and ischemic stroke) were obtained from GWASs of up to 446,696 European individuals ( 18,19).Table1andSupplementaryTable1 shows thecharacteristicsoftheseGWASs.Approvalofethicscommit tee and written informed consent were obtained before data collectionintheoriginalGWASs. Genetic Instrumental Variables We used 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CEC identified through GWAS by Low-Kam et al. ( 17) as the instrumental variables. Low-Kam et al. ( 17) tested the genetic association between 4 CEC measures and genotypes at>9millioncommon autosomal DNAsequence variantsin5,293 French Canadians. They identified 10 genome-wide significan t signals (P<6.25×10−9) representing 7 loci. Among the 7 loci, 2 loci (near the PPP1CB/PLB1 andRBFOX3/ENPP7 genes) only reached genome-wide significance in the model further adjust ed forHDL-Candtriglyceridelevelswhichmayleadtofalsepositiv e associations in the GWAS context (i.e., collider bias). Oth er 5 loci(CETP,LIPC,LPL,APOA1/C3/A4/A5 ,andAPOE/C1/C2/C4 ) harboredgeneswithimportantrolesinlipidbiologyandreach ed genome-wide significance in the model adjusted for sex, age squared, coronary artery disease status, experimental batch es, statin treatment, and the first 10 principal components. Except for theAPOE/C1/C2/C4 variant, association of other 4 loci disappeared when correcting for HDL-C and triglyceride level s. Only the SNP of rs141622900 in APOE/C1/C2/C4 locus reached genome-widesignificanceinbothtwomodelsandwasusedasthe instrument. In sensitivity analysis, we used the most signifi cant SNP in each of the 5 loci (rs77069344, rs2070895, rs247616, rs964184, and rs445925) as the instrument. These 5 SNPs were in different genomic regions and not in linkage disequilibrium (r2<0.1). The 1 SNP (rs141622900) instrument explained 0.9% andthe5SNPsinstrumentexplained5.3%ofthevarianceinCEC (Fstatistic=59.2 and 45.9, respectively, indicating sufficient strength of the instruments). Table2shows the characteristics andassociationsoftheseincludedSNPswithCEC. Outcomes Summary statistics for the association of each CEC-related SNP withtheCADandMIwereextractedfromtheCoronaryARtery DIsease Genome-wide Replication And Meta-Analysis Plus Coronary Artery Disease Genetics (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) 1000Genomes-basedGWAS( 17).TheCARDIoGRAMplusC4D 1000Genomes-basedGWASinterrogated9.4millionvariants in up to 60,801 CAD cases and 123,504 controls from 48 studies of predominantly European ancestry. Summary statistics for the association of the included SNPs with ischemic stroke an d the 3 main subtypes of ischemic stroke (large artery stroke [LAS], small vessel stroke [SVS], cardioembolic stroke [CE S]) were extracted from the GWAS of Multiancestry Genome-wide Association Study of Stroke (MEGASTROKE) consortium ( 19). The MEGASTROKE consortium tested ∼8 million SNPs and indels with minor-allele frequency ≥0.01 in up to 67,162 stroke cases and 454,450 controls from 29 studies, predominantly European ancestry (40,585 cases; 406,111 controls). This GW AS involved 34,217 cases with LAS, 5,386 cases with SVS and 7,19 3 cases with CES of European ancestry. The associations of the 6 individualSNPsforCECwithCADandMI,andischemicstroke anditssubtypesarepresentedin Tables3,4,respectively. Statistical Analysis Per-allele effects of the selected SNPs on CEC and disease outcomes were extracted from the GWASs and used to estimate the causal effect of CEC on outcomes using two-sample MR analyses.UsingtheSNPofrs141622900astheinstrument,Wal d ratio method were used to obtain effect estimate by dividing the SNP-outcome estimate by the SNP-CEC estimate. Standard error were estimated using the Delta method by dividing Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine | www.frontiersin.o rg 2 July 2022 | Volume 9 | Article 891148" 404 W2883950008.pdf 10 "Murray J, et al. BMJ Glob Health 2018;3:e000808. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-00080811BMJ Global Health of delivering it at a national scale in Burkina Faso and other countries). Mass media is an unusual intervention in that it is usually easier to deliver at scale than within the limitations of a cluster trial. Mass media campaigns could potentially be used in any similar setting with minimal demand generation initiative and good service avail-ability, perhaps supplementing existing successful inte-grated community case management activities. Kasteng et al have estimated that the incremental provider cost-ef-fectiveness of a national media campaign in Burkina Faso during the trial period would have been $15 per DALY averted, with a societal cost (including the additional costs to households of changed care-seeking) of $38 per DALY averted. 20 For national campaigns in five African countries from 2018 to 2020, the projected provider cost ranged from $7 to $27 per DALY averted. Our modelling was based on results from a CRT, using routine health facility data that was well powered to detect changes in care seeking and was collected as part of the most rigorous evaluation of a mass media intervention to have been conducted in a developing country. 6 There is extensive evidence, derived from non-randomised studies from multiple low-income countries, that mass media campaigns with adequate exposure can change health-related behaviours affecting child survival. 3 Our projections for other countries illustrate that the impact seen in Burkina Faso is potentially generalisable to other countries with different patterns of treatment seeking and mortality. However, these projections assume that the intervention (with cultural adaptation) would be equally effective at increasing healthcare seeking in other countries, which may not be the case. Health facilities in Burkina Faso adopted the District Health Information System (DHIS) 2 data management system in 2013. In 2014, data submissions from health facilities were over 95% complete, 29 but there is limited information available on the quality of the data collected. A further limitation is that the system does not provide precise denominator data. 6 The average number of diagnoses per consultation increased in both arms over time, from 1.23 to 2.17 in the control arm and from 1.51 to 2.29 in the inter - vention arm (online supplementary appendix 2b). For this reason, it was necessary to compress the absolute numbers of diagnoses in each month to 100% of the total number of consultations to facilitate modelling. By far the largest contributor to this pattern was the other diagnosis category (not targeted by the campaign), which rose more rapidly in the control arm (online supplemen-tary appendix 2c). The reasons for this are unclear. In our modelling, we made adjustments to reflect the fact that not all sick children taken to a health facility will necessarily receive treatment (perhaps because a health worker did not adhere to guidance, or treatment was not actually required or due to supply-side constraints). We estimated this based on 2010 DHS data (or LiST Table 2 2012–2014 projected lives that could have been saved by a national radio campaign in Burkina Faso Burkina Faso 2012 2013 2014 Under-five lives saved* 6690 (3413 to 10 288) 4143 (336 to 9413) 4055 (1083 to 10 731) Percentage reduction in mortality 9.2 5.6 5.5 Under-five lives saved (10% discounting) 6021 (3072 to 9259) 3729 (302 to 8472) 3650 (975 to 9658) Percentage reduction in mortality 8.3 5.1 5.0 Under-five lives saved (20% discounting) 5352 (2730 to 8230) 3314 (269 to 7530) 3244 (866 to 8585) Percentage reduction in mortality 7.4 4.5 4.4 *Estimated lower and upper bounds shown in brackets. Table 3 Estimated number of under-five lives saved per year by a national media intervention in five low-income countries 2018–2020 LiST projections* Year Burkina Faso Burundi Malawi Mozambique Niger Under-five lives saved2018 4714 (7.7) 3171 (9.8) 7384 (20.7) 8519 (10.9) 6031 (6.7) 2019 2851 (4.6) 1847 (5.5) 5664 (15.5) 4777 (6.0) 3142 (3.4) 2020 2469 (3.9) 2187 (6.4) 6649 (17.9) 8147 (10.0) 4391 (4.6) Under-five lives saved (with 10% discount)2018 4242 (6.9) 2854 (8.8) 6645 (18.6) 7667 (9.8) 5428 (6.0) 2019 2566 (4.1) 1662 (5.0) 5097 (14.0) 4299 (5.4) 2828 (3.0) 2020 2223 (3.5) 1969 (5.8) 5984 (16.1) 7333 (9.0) 3952 (4.1) Under-five lives saved (with 20% discount)2018 3771 (6.1) 2537 (7.8) 5907 (16.5) 6815 (8.7) 4825 (5.4) 2019 2281 (3.7) 1478 (4.4) 4531 (12.4) 3822 (4.8) 2513 (2.7) 2020 1976 (3.1) 1750 (5.1) 5319 (14.3) 6518 (8.0) 3513 (3.7) *Percentage reductions in mortality are in brackets." 405 W2922435762.pdf 4 "International Journal of Trend in Scientific Resear ch and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456 @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com economic and environmental (SEE) impacts as well as tourist-host interaction studies respectively. Method of Data Analysis The study is concerned with finding the impact of a n independent variable (e.g. Tourism, which is deconstructed with sub- variables such as Service, Products, Hotel, Transportation, and Infrastructura l Facilities) on 3 dependent variables (e.g. Economic Well-Being, Ecological Development and Sociological Development). Consequently, the researcher used the Regres sion Analysis of ordinary least square. Model Specification The structural form of the model SOI = f(SER, PRO, HOT, TRAN, INF) The mathematical form of the model SOI = β0 +β1 SER + β2 PRO + β3 HOT + β INF … (2) The econometric form of the model SOI = β0 +β1 SER + β2 PRO + β3 HOT + β INF + µi (3) Where; SOD = SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SER = SERVICE PRO = PRODUCTS HOT = HOTELS TRA = TRANSPORTATION INF = INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES f = Functional relationship β0 = the intercept or the constant β1 – β5 = the co- efficient of the explanatory variables µt = Stochastic error term. Table 3: Demographic profile of the sample Demographic profile Sex/Gender Male Female Age 18 -25 26-35 36-60 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Resear ch and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456 www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep- Oct 2018 economic and environmental (SEE) impacts as well as host interaction studies respectively. The study is concerned with finding the impact of a n independent variable (e.g. Tourism, which is variables such as Service, Products, Hotel, Transportation, and Infrastructura l Facilities) on 3 dependent variables (e.g. Economic Being, Ecological Development and Sociological Development). Consequently, the sion Analysis of ordinary SOI = f(SER, PRO, HOT, TRAN, INF) …(1) HOT + β4 TRAN + β5 HOT + β4 TRAN + β5 INF = INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES efficient of the explanatory variables Table 2: Economic a priori expectation Parame ters Variables Regr ess and Regre ss or β0 SOI Interc ept β1 SOI SER β2 SOI PRO β3 SOI HOT β4 SOI TRA β5 SOI INF Source: Researchers compilation A positive '+' sign indicate that the relationship between the regress or and regress move in the sa me direction i.e. increase or decrease together. On the other hand, a ' indirect (inverse) relationship between the regress and regress and i.e. they move in opposite or different direction. DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS Administ ration and Collection of Instrument The total number of questionnaire distributed was 400. This was determined by the sample size of the study. The number returned was a total of 300copies , representing 75% (percent) of number distributed. This shows that the number not returned was 100 (25%). Based the above, the return rate is consider ed sufficiently high. This is in consonance with 70% return rate benchmark suggested by some researchers for example Kathari, (2011). Data Presentation This data presentatio n section is divided into two subsections. The first subsection deals with demographic profile of the respondents. The second subsection deals with the presentation of responses on core subject matter. Demographic Profile of Respondents Table 3 gives an o verview of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the sample Table 3: Demographic profile of the sample Frequency Percentage (%) Cumulative Percent 180 60.0 60.0 120 40.0 100.0 164 54.7 54.7 80 26.7 81.3 56 18.7 100.0 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Resear ch and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456 -6470 Oct 2018 Page: 1502 Table 2: Economic a priori expectation Expected Relations hips Expecte d Coeffici ents (+/-) 0 < β0 > 0 + β1 < 0 + β2 < 0 + Β3 < 0 + β4 < 0 + β5 < 0 Source: Researchers compilation A positive '+' sign indicate that the relationship or and regress and is direct and me direction i.e. increase or decrease together. On the other hand, a ' -' shows that there is an indirect (inverse) relationship between the regress or and i.e. they move in opposite or different DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS ration and Collection of Instrument The total number of questionnaire distributed was 400. This was determined by the sample size of the study. The number returned was a total of 300copies , representing 75% (percent) of number distributed. the number not returned was 100 (25%). Based the above, the return rate is consider ed sufficiently high. This is in consonance with 70% return rate benchmark suggested by some researchers n section is divided into two subsections. The first subsection deals with demographic profile of the respondents. The second subsection deals with the presentation of responses on Demographic Profile of Respondents verview of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the sample . Cumulative Percent 60.0 100.0 54.7 81.3 100.0" 406 W1990833660.pdf 1 "154 G.C.HARTMANN ANDO.E.ROSSLER autocatalytically whenever xn,themomentary valueofthechaotic forcing, exceeds thethreshold valueassumed. Thesmallparameter e>0prevents thesecond variable from reaching unrealistic unbounded flareamplitudes. Figure 2shows a simulation. Figure 2(a) isself-explanatory: Thename ""flares"" isdirectly applicable totheelements ofsuchatime series. Thex,bplot(Fig.2(b)) is alsocharacteristic: Ifonewaitslongenough, a screen-filling black ""curtain"" iseventually obtained. Inthetransient picture shown here,the exponentially decreasing density, towards thetop oftheattractor, makes itselfmanifest totheeye. Forcuriosity's sake,wealsopresent, inFig.3,a moresophisticated flareattractor. Itisgenerated decay FIGURE Basicmode ofaction ofaflare attractor. A chaotic subsystem ""forces"" anonlinearly responding autocata- lyticunit(schematic drawing). FIGURE 2Asimple flareattractor based onthelogistic difference equation: Numerical simulation ofEq.(1).(a)Time plotoftheflaring variable, b.Hereby successive points were connected byastraight linesegment. (b)Sideview(x,bplot). Parameter values: threshold=0.7, e=0.01. Initial conditions: x=0,b1.Iteration number: 2000for(a);and1000000 for(b).Thisandallfollowing calculations weredone at16- digitprecision.FIGURE 3Flare attractor generated byaninvertible map, Eq.(2).(a)Timebehavior asinFig.2(a),butlonger. (b)Side view(x,bplot)asinFig.2(b).(c)Cross-view (y,bplot).A cross section between x=0andx isshown (note thatno narrower sliceisnecessary withthisparticular map). 1000000 iterations areshown (in(b)and(c)). Initial conditions: x0v,Y00.1,b00.1,tend 5000(in(a)). " 407 W4392958117.pdf 12 "Foods 2024 ,13, 924 13 of 15 4. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that Lpb. plantarum A72 possesses significant antiox- idant, anti-aging and longevity extension effects. These effects are due to the probiotic (including the antioxidant action) of the strain. This was demonstrated by the fact that the IC and CFS of this strain scavenged 60.14% and 87.01% of DPPH and hydroxyl rad- icals, respectively, while showing good growth capacity in 0–9 mM H 2O2. By feeding C. elegans with Lpb. plantarum A72, we observed that C. elegans lifespan was extended by 25.13%, motility was enhanced 2.52-fold, and its reproductive ability was not impaired. Lpb. plantarum A72 reduced 34.86% of ROS and 69.52% of MDA in C. elegans and significantly increased the activities of related antioxidant enzymes. The strain enhanced C. elegans survival by 46.33% and 57.78% in high temperature and H 2O2, respectively. Through transcriptomics, it was found that the strain could achieve the effect of anti-aging and prolonging lifespan of C. elegans by upregulating the sod-5 andhsp-16.1 genes and downreg- ulating the fat-6 andlips-17 genes. Therefore, Lpb. plantarum A72 is an effective antioxidant and anti-aging strain. In the future, Lpb. plantarum A72 may be expected to be used in the fermentation of food and other fields. The strain provides for the development of antioxidant functional foods. Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www. mdpi.com/article/10.3390/foods13060924/s1 , Figure S1: Results of ARTP mutagenesis selection of Lpb. plantarum SC3 as the parent strain. (A) ARTP mutagenesis lethality curve. (B) The growth results of 149 mutant strains and Lpb. plantarum SC3 in MRS broth with 1.5 mM H 2O2. The color of the heatmap indicates the OD 600value of the strains after 20 h in MRS broth with 1.5 mM H 2O2, and the redder the color, the better the growth. Figure S2: Beneficence and growth curve of Lpb. plantarum A72. (A) Survival of Lpb. plantarum A72 cultured for 4 h in MRS broth at pH = 3.0, MRS broth with a bile salt concentration of 0.3% ( w/v), artificial gastric fluid and artificial intestinal fluid. (B) Growth curves of Lpb. plantarum A72 in different concentrations of H 2O2MRS broth.aLpb. plantarum A72 was tolerant to acid, bile salts, artificial intestinal fluid and gastric fluid environments and the four tolerances were not significant. Author Contributions: S.Z. (Sibo Zou): Formal Analysis, Investigation, Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Reviewing and Editing. Q.W.: Methodology, Investigation. Z.L.: Validation, Data Curation. S.Z. (Sufang Zhang): Writing—Reviewing and Editing. L.D.: Resources. Y.C.: Resources. Y.D.: Resources. C.J.: Resources. H.L.: Conceptualization, Supervision, Project Administration. X.L.: Conceptualization, Supervision, Project Administration. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Project (2023YFD2100304), the High-Level Talents Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Dalian (2021RQ093) and the Basic Research Project of the Education Department of Liaoning Province (LJKZ0544). Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Guedj, A.; Volman, Y.; Geiger-Maor, A.; Bolik, J.; Schumacher, N.; Künzel, S.; Baines, J.F.; Nevo, Y.; Elgavish, S.; Galun, E.; et al. Gut microbiota shape ‘inflamm-ageing’ cytokines and account for age-dependent decline in DNA damage repair. Gut2020 ,69, 1064–1075. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 2. He, M.; Chiang, H.H.; Luo, H.; Zheng, Z.; Qiao, Q.; Wang, L.; Tan, M.; Ohkubo, R.; Mu, W.C.; Zhao, S. An acetylation switch of the NLRP3 inflammasome regulates aging-associated chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2020 ,31, 580–591. [CrossRef] [PubMed]" 408 W2903770715.pdf 0 "ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 19 December 2018 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00950 Frontiers in Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org 1 December 2018 | Volume 12 | Article 950Editedby: AndrewL.Alexander, UniversityofWisconsin-Madison, UnitedStates Reviewedby: AndreaMartinuzzi, EugenioMedea(IRCCS),Italy JodieReannaGawryluk, UniversityofVictoria,Canada *Correspondence: LauraChaddock-Heyman lchaddo2@illinois.edu Specialtysection: Thisarticlewassubmittedto BrainImagingMethods, asectionofthejournal FrontiersinNeuroscience Received: 31August2018 Accepted: 30November2018 Published: 19December2018 Citation: Chaddock-HeymanL,EricksonKI, KienzlerC,DrolletteES,RaineLB, KaoS-C,BenskenJ,WeisshappelR, CastelliDM,HillmanCHand KramerAF(2018)PhysicalActivity IncreasesWhiteMatterMicrostructure inChildren.Front.Neurosci.12:950. doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00950Physical Activity Increases White Matter Microstructure in Children LauraChaddock-Heyman1*,KirkI.Erickson2,CaitlinKienzler3,EricS.Drollette4, LaurenB.Raine5,Shih-ChunKao5,JeanineBensken6,RobertWeisshappel1, DarlaM.Castelli7,CharlesH.Hillman5,8andArthurF.Kramer1,5 1BeckmanInstitute,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champai gn,Urbana,IL,UnitedStates,2DepartmentofPsychology, UniversityofPittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,UnitedStates,3DepartmentofPsychology,UniversityofColorado,Denver, CO, UnitedStates,4DepartmentofKinesiology,UniversityofNorthCarolinaat Greensboro,Greensboro,NC,UnitedStates, 5DepartmentofPsychology,NortheasternUniversity,Bosto n,MA,UnitedStates,6DepartmentofKinesiologyand CommunityHealth,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champai gn,Urbana,IL,UnitedStates,7DepartmentofKinesiologyand HealthEducation,TheUniversityofTexasatAustin,Austin ,TX,UnitedStates,8DepartmentofPhysicalTherapy,Movement, &RehabilitationSciences,NortheasternUniversity,Bost on,MA,UnitedStates Children are becoming increasingly inactive, unfit, and ove rweight, yet there is relatively little causal evidence regarding the effects of physical ac tivity on brain health during childhood. The present study examined the effects of an afte r-school physical activity program (FITKids2) on the microstructure of white matter tr acts in 7- to 9-year-old children.Wemeasuredthemicrostructuralpropertiesofwh itematterviadiffusiontensor imaging in 143 children before and after random assignment t o either a 9-month after-school physical activity program ( N=76, mean age =8.7 years) or a wait list control group ( N=67, mean age =8.7 years). Our results demonstrate that children who participated in the physical activity program showed increased white matter microstructure in the genu of the corpus callosum, wi th no changes in white matter microstructure in the wait list control group which r eflects typical development. Specifically, children in the physical activity program sho wed increases in fractional anisotropy (FA) and decreases in radial diffusivity (RD) in the genu from pre- to post-test, thereby suggesting more tightly bundled and structurally c ompact fibers (FA) and increased myelination (RD), with no changes in estimates of axonal fiber diameter (axial diffusivity,AD).Thecorpuscallosumintegratescognitiv e,motor,andsensoryinformation between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, and the w hite matter tract plays a role in cognition and behavior. Our findings reinforce the im portance of physical activity for brain health during child development. Keywords: brain deve, children, physical activity, diffusi on tensor imaging, white matter INTRODUCTION Children are becoming increasingly inactive, unfit, and over weight. Exercise has decreased in school-aged youth, with only one-quarter of children partic ipating in the recommended 60min or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day ( National Physical Activity Plan Alliance, 2016 ). Schools, which reach ∼55.5 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 years (National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, 2017 ), have contributed" 409 W2590567695.pdf 4 "Anna NOWAKOWSKA-GŁUSZAK, Funkcja rodzajnika w okre laniu adresata… postrzeganymi jako konkretne jednostki a tymi, o kt órych my limy w kategoriach pewnego rodzaju czy gatunku” (Pawlik 2001, 48)8. Na potrzeby niniejszej analizy i zgodnie z jej zało eniami badawczymi, traktowa bdziemy rodzajnik jako jednostk formaln jzyka uywan w funkcji semantycznej (por. Karolak 2001, 337). 5.2. Rodzajnik w tekstach prawnych W literaturze specjalistycznej na temat hiszpa skiego j zyka prawa, rodzajnikowi nie powicono zbyt wiele uwagi. I tak Hernando Cuadrado opisuj c poziom morfo- syntaktyczny hiszpa skich tekstów prawnych stwierdza: „rodzajnik [okre lony] cz sto nadaje warto generyczn wprowadzaj c rzeczowniki, które nie odnosz si do indywidualnych osób ani konkretnych rzeczy” (2003, 15), i „rodzajnik nieokre lony un, wraz z czasownikiem w formie futuro imperfecto de indicativo czasami wskazuje, e referent syntagmy lub grupy nominalnej, któr poprzedza, nie istnieje w momencie formułowania wypowiedzi, ale mo e zaistnie w przyszło ci” (2003, 15-16). Opis ten, z oczywistych powodów, wydaje si mało satysfakcjonuj cy z perspektywy polskiego odbiorcy. Spróbujmy przeanalizowa problem na przykładzie wybranych artykułów z hiszpa skiego kodeksu cywilnego: 1. ............. extranjero menor de dieciocho años adoptado por un español adquiere, desde la adopción, la nacionalidad españo la de origen. (Art. 19) 2. .............. hijo, al alcanzar la mayor edad, podrá solicitar que se altere el orden de los apellidos. (Art. 109) 3. ........... menor no emancipado ejercerá la pat ria potestad sobre sus hijos con la asistencia de sus padres y, a falta de ambos, de su tutor; en casos de desacuerdo o imposibilidad, con la del Juez. (Art. 157) 4. Si....................... usuario consumiera todos los frutos de la cosa ajena, o el que tuviere derecho de habitación ocupara toda la casa, estará obligado a los gastos de cultivo, a los reparos ordinarios de cons ervación y al pago de las contribuciones, del mismo modo que el usufructuario. (Art. 527) Co przemawia za u yciem rodzajnika okre lonego, nieokre lonego b d zerowego w powy szych zdaniach? Jakim kryterium powinien kierowa si nasz student? By odpowiedzie na to pytanie, oprzemy si na podr czniku uniwersyteckim Selección de problemas de gramática española, skierowanym, jak zauwaa w przedmowie sam autor, Janusz Pawlik, do neofilo logów. Skupimy si na syntagmach nominalnych (SN) reprezentowanych przez nasze przykłady, tj. prostych lub złoonych, w których rzeczownik ma liczb pojedyncz , jest nazw ogóln 8 Wszystkie tłumaczenia z j zyka hiszpa skiego wykonała autorka." 410 W4214885647.pdf 10 "AppliedChem 2022 ,2 40 Table 3. MMD of derivatized PB lignin from universal calibration with global curve fit and individual curve fit and comparison with standard calibration. (M values in g mol" 411 W2101725293.pdf 3 "www.ccsenet.org/jms Journal of Management and Sustainability V ol. 2, No. 2; 2012 230 4. Childhood Diseases: The Yoruba Traditional Perspective The study area is Lagos State, Nigeria which is one of the six states in South-West Nigeria and predominantly inhabited by the Yoruba. Ogunjuyigbe (2004) explained that despite the fact that major childhood diseases have been identified by modern technology, yet, children from African countries die in large number from attack of these diseases because of the deep rooted beliefs and attitudes of the people concerning childcare and behavioural practices in health strategies. The Yoruba perceptions about the aetiology of most childhood diseases are a great hindrance to public health programmes and intervention by the government of Nigeria. Adegoke (2008) while explaining the f actors influencing health beliefs am ong the people of South-West Nigeria conceded that African conception of illness and disease ca usation are often linked with the belief that misfortune of which ill health is a form does not happen by chance. Quoting Odebiyi (1980), he explained that in Yoruba society, people attribute diseases and illnesses to supe rnatural causes. Odebiyi & Ekong (1982) in Ogunjuyigbe (2004) corroborated this point when he observed that in traditional Yoruba setting, measles attack is usually attributed to a variety of causes which have no link with the concept of virus, According to him, measles attack is considered to be punishment for breaking family taboo or evil deed from witches or enemies or the consequence of rivalry between co-wives in a polygamous setting. To the Yoruba, measles is the by-product of the anger of Igbona or Sopona or Olode, the god of small-pox (Odebiyi & Ekong, 1982). This god is known to be intolerant of any form of vaccination or injection and it is generally believed among the Yoruba of South-West Nigeria that a child having measles should neither visit the hospital nor take injection. Tuberculosis on the other hand is seen by the Yoruba to be an affliction resulting from food ate in a dream or poisoning from enemies who have access to the victims’ saliva. In this respect children and adults alike are usually warned not to spit on the sand or leave their chew ing stick or toothbrushes in places where enemies could have access to them. Asakitikpi (2004) observed that diarrhoea is seen among the Yoruba as a type of illness that is generally regarded as a milestone in the development of the child below five years. According to him, most mothers believe that diarrhoea signifies the onset of growing of teeth by babies while some see the disease as being caused by consumption of sweet 5. Methodology The population of this study consists of all mothers in Lagos State, Nigeria. The quota sampling techniques was considered appropriate here to give the study the desired spread across the local government areas (LGAs) and also because a sampling frame is not readily availa ble. However, the state was divided into the 20 constitutionally recognised Local Govern ment Areas (LGAs) and pa rents (fathers and moth ers) were selected and interviewed on the spot (that is, wher ever they were found to be present). A sample of 1000 respondents spread across the 20 LGAs was interviewed. The instrument which consists of 35 questions .was tested for pilot tested before being sent to the field. Variables examined include demographic details such as Gender; Age; Marital Status; Religion; Educational qualifications; Occupation and so on. Other details such as: Whether their children were immunise d or not; How many of their children were immunised?; Whether they found immunisation beneficial; Type of immunisation; Opinion about Immunisation and so on were also considered in the study. Apart from descriptive analysis which includes frequency distribution and percentages, hypotheses were also tested at 5 % level of significance to ascertain the dependence of the various attributes (variables) in our study using the 2 statistics. This statistical tool was found to be appropriate in this case because the variables in the study are categorical. 6. Results 6.1 Data Description About 70 percent of the respondents are females. The study did not preclude the male parents because of their overbearing influence on decisions about the children and this may include decision on whether to immunise such child or not. Slightly over 72 percent of the respondents are married while 8 percent are separated from their spouses and 4.1 percent are divorced. In terms of educational attainment, more than 50 percent of the respondents are graduates from Polytechnics and Univ ersities while 29.2 percent possess Secondary School Certificates and below." 412 W3049590720.pdf 13 "Processes 2020 ,8, 1001 14 of 14 14. Bartczak, P .; Norman, M.; Klapiszewski, L.; Karwan’ska, N.; Kawalec, M.; Baczyn ´ska, M.; Wysokowski, M.; Zdarta, J.; Ciesielczyk, F.; Jesionowski, T. Removal of nickel(II) and lead(II) ions from aqueous solution using peat as a low-cost adsorbent: A kinetic and equilibrium study. Arab. J. Chem. 2018 ,11, 1209–1222. [CrossRef] 15. Ali, I.H.; Al Mesfer, M.K.; Khan, M.I.; Danish, M.; Alghamdi, M.M. Exploring Adsorption Process of Lead (II) and Chromium (VI) Ions from Aqueous Solutions on Acid Activated Carbon Prepared from Juniperus procera Leaves. Processes 2019 ,7, 217. [CrossRef] 16. Chang, C.F.; Chang, C.Y.; Chen, K.H.; Tsai, W.T.; Shie, J.L.; Chen, Y.H. Adsorption of naphthalene on zeolite from aqueous solution. J. Colloid. 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Investigations of nickel(II) removal from aqueous solutions using tea factory waste. J. Hazard. Mater 2005 ,127, 120–128. [CrossRef] ©2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http: //creativecommons.org /licenses /by/4.0/)." 413 W2007907395.pdf 0 "Molecules 2006 , 11 , 232 - 241 molecules ISSN 1420 - 3049 http://www.mdpi.org Co r rection Publisher ' s Note added on 29 June 2006 Shu - K un Lin MDPI, Matthaeusstrasse 11, CH - 4057 Basel, Switzerland ; E - mail: lin@mdpi.com Published: 29 J une 2006 There is a pagination error in this paper. The page number for the first page (Sergei V. Trepalin et al . Mo lecules 2006, 11 , 219) is assigned correctly. However, the following pages were not correctly paginated and the final page number should be 231 instead of 241. The original file is still provided. Pages 232 - 241 are thus taken as blank pages. We apologize f or this error and for any inconvenience . © 200 6 by MDPI (http://www.mdpi.org). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0). " 414 W4313373946.pdf 4 "783 E-Amal Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol. 02, No. 01, Januari , 2022, pp. 779 -784 https://stp -mataram.e -journal.id/Amal ISSN: 2774 -8316 (Print), ISSN: 2775 -0302 (Online) KESIMPULAN Peran mahasiswa dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara dalam proses pembangunan dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan nonakademik dalam bentuk seperti pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk pelatihan, edukasi, sosialisasi, penyuluhan. Mahasiswa memiliki peran sebagai agent of change , mengubah cara pandangan kelompok sasaran, berupa edukasi Gemarikan bagaimana cara memelihara ikan air tawar se hingga dapat dikonsumsi sehari -hari dan menambah nilai ekonomi. 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Model. 2007 ,47, 583–590. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 77. Boyer, S.; Zamora, I. New methods in predictive metabolism. J. Comput. Aided Mol. Des. 2002 ,16, 403–413. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 78. Piechota, P .; Cronin, M.T.; Hewitt, M.; Madden, J.C. Pragmatic approaches to using computacional methods to predict xenobiotic metabolism. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2013 ,53, 1282–1293. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Sample Availability: Not Available. ©2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)." 417 W4226026819.pdf 2 "Kunze et al. Arthroscopic Core Decompression for Osteonecrosis of patient reported outcomes. Future research should determi ne the patient subjective experience following arthroscopic-as sisted coredecompressionforearly-onsetONFH. Guo et al. ( 21) performed a randomized controlled trial where patients with Ficat grade II ONFH were treated with arthroscopic-guided core decompression and bone grafting combined with selective arterial infusion (experimental gr oup, n=35) or percutaneous core decompression combined with selective arterial infusion (control group, n=41). At a mean 30-month follow-up, the mean Harris Hip Score (HHS) was significantly greater in the experimental group compared with the control group (86.7 vs. 78.6, p<0.05), despite similar reported HHS preoperatively. They also reported that the change in the radiographic appearance of the femoral head was significantly better in the experimental group. Although both treatment methods are effective, the authors concluded that arthroscopic-guided core decompression can obtain bett er results as the necrotic femoral head can be positioned and scrapedmoreaccurately. Ellenrieder et al. ( 19) reported the outcomes of 53 patients (56 hips) with Steinberg grade 0-IVa ONFH treated with arthroscopically-assisted core decompression. At a mean 33- month follow-up, the success rate (defined as no conversion to THA, no reoperations, or no radiological progression of OFNH with clinical symptoms) was 86%. Of the nine failures, the majority were in stage IVa (31%) and stage III (25%) patients. These results support the indication of utilizing arthroscopic-assisted core decompression in late-stage ONF H with increased risk of failure and/or progression to THA. Additionally, we would like to introduce the case of a 46-yea r- old female who presented to our service with early subchondral collapse and subsequently underwent core decompression and labral debridement, the need for the latter of which was identifiedduringthediagnosticarthroscopy.Thepatientrem ains free of major complication at the 2-year follow-up point as defined by any revision procedures or progression to THA. Such cases bolster the need for further research on the efficacy of core decompression in patients with more advancedAVN. Guadilla et al. ( 20) studied the use of arthroscopic-assisted core decompression and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in four patients with pre-collapse ONFH. At a mean 14-month follow-up, all patients reported a reduction in pain intensity and returned to their “normal style of life” by 5 months.Two patients were found to have labral tears and were treated with debridement. The authors noted that this procedure may improve the overall diagnostic accuracy of labrum degenerati on or other pathologies in patients with ONFH when not identified on MRI and also allows for precise decompression due to enhancedvisualcontrol. The above literature suggests that arthroscopic-assisted co re decompression is a promising and efficacious treatment option inthetreatmentofpre-collapsestagesofONFHwithorwithout additional intra-articular pathology. However, based on th e paucity of literature and identification of only one randomiz ed trial, there is currently only weak evidence to support its use and additional, high-quality trials are needed. In this cur rent review, only one study had reported patient reported outcomes, the HHS at a mean 30-month follow-up. Future studies should incorporate patient reported outcomes at regular postoperative follow-up to determine subjective patient experience followi ng arthroscopic-assistedcoredecompression. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic-assistedcoredecompressionforOFNHhassever al purportedbenefitsincludingtheabilitytovisualthejointsu rface toavoidpenetration,performdiagnosticarthroscopyandaddre ss concomitantintra-articularpathology,andthepotentialfo rmore comprehensive and accurate debridement of the avascular bon e lesions. Based on the available literature, this procedure m ay effectivelyreducepainandincreasesurvivorshipofthenative hip in patients with pre-collapse ONFH prior, with better outcomes in earlier pre-collapse stages. There is inadequate evidence to recommend the use of biologic adjuncts such as platelet-rich plasma in conjunction with these procedures. Future research is imperative to continue to understand the indications and outcomesofarthroscopic-assistedcoredecompression. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS SS was the main author of this mini-review, performing the literature search and drafting/revising of this article. K K played a significant role in the revisions and writing of this manusc ript as well as literature search for the final product. BN formulat ed anddesignedtheoutlineofthismini-reviewandprovidedcru cial editing and supervision to the final manuscript. All authors contributedtothearticleandapprovedthesubmittedversion . REFERENCES 1. Guerado E, Caso E. The physiopathology of avascular necrosis of the femoral head: an update. Injury. (2016) 47(Suppl. 6):S16–26.doi:10.1016/S0020-1383(16)30835-X 2. GlimcherMJ,KenzoraJE.NicolasAndryaward.Thebiologyofosteo necrosis ofthehumanfemoralheadanditsclinicalimplications:1.Tissuebi ology.Clin Orthop.(1979)284–309. 3. Glimcher MJ, Kenzora JE. The biology of osteonecrosis of the huma n femoral head and its clinical implications: II. The pathological cha nges in the femoral head as an organ and in the hip joint. Clin Orthop. (1979) 139:283−312.doi:10.1097/00003086-197903000-000404. BaigSA,BaigMN.Osteonecrosisofthefemoralhead:etiology, investigations, andmanagement. Cureus.(2018)10:e3171.doi:10.7759/cureus.3171 5. Mont MA, Cherian JJ, Sierra RJ, Jones LC, Lieberman JR. Nontraumat ic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: where do we stand today? A ten- year update.JBoneJointSurgAm. (2015)97:1604–27.doi:10.2106/JBJS.O.00071 6. Shah KN, Racine J, Jones LC, Aaron RK. Pathophysiology and risk factors for osteonecrosis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. (2015) 8:201–9. doi: 10.1007/s12178-015- 9277-8 7. Moya-Angeler J, Gianakos AL, Villa JC, Ni A, Lane JM. Current con cepts on osteonecrosis of the femoral head. World J Orthop. (2015) 6:590– 601.doi:10.5312/wjo.v6.i8.590 Frontiers in Surgery | www.frontiersin.org 3 April 2022 | Volume 9 | Article 662722" 418 W2143126467.pdf 6 "Table 1 Macrohaemodynamics HRa [beats/min]MAPa [mmHg]BRa [breaths/min]HRb [beats/min]MAPb [mmHg]BRb [breaths/min]CIb [ml/min/kg]SVIb [ml/beat/min]TPRIb [mmHg/ml/min/kg]DO 2-Ib [ml/min/kg] Control 382 ± 25§ 115 ± 11 78 ± 12 378 ± 35 92 ± 9 99 ± 12 379 ± 55 1.11 ± 0.19 0.31 ± 0.15 70.4 ± 15.6 Sham 428 ± 22 120 ± 7 72 ± 10 383 ± 48 98 ± 17 92 ± 14 447 ± 112 1.24 ± 0.25 0.28 ± 0.11 76.5 ± 18.8sCASP 388 ± 22§ 128 ± 6 64 ± 10 446 ± 56*§ 80 ± 11§ 107 ± 23 453 ± 72 1.00 ± 0.20 0.26 ± 0.04 81.7 ± 16.3 aBaseline measurements (see Figure 1);bintra-OP measurements (see Figure 1). HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; BR, breathing rate; CI, cardiac index; SVI, stroke volume index; TPRI, total peripheral resistance index; DO 2-I, oxygen delivery index, * p< 0.05 vs. control, § p<0.05 vs. sham.Schick et al. Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2014, 2:34 Page 7 of 17 http://www.icm-experimental.com/content/2/1/34" 419 W4320063919.pdf 1 "DIDASCEIN : Journal of English Education September 2022, Vol. 3 No.2 75 INTRODUCTION ne of the most efficient ways to express our feelings, thoughts, ideas, and opinions to someone or to others is through language. In order to communicate with others, it is crucial for humans to be able to speak any language. Hadley (2001) defined language as the thoughts and emotions that are communicated to other people through engagement or conversation. The importance of learning English today cannot be overstated because it is a major international language. Engl ish is not only used and spoken by native speakers; persons who reside in nations where English is recognized as a second language, or a foreign language also use it. English is taught as a required subject in elementary schools, junior high schools, senio r high schools, and universities in Indonesia and is regarded as a foreign language. The four fundamental abilities in English are writing, speaking, reading, and listening. The two categories of productive skills and receptive skills each include four fundamental talents. Reading and listening are regarded as receptive skills, but speakin g and writing are considered productive. One of the four fundamental abilities is writing. Writing refers to skill used to express ideas, thoughts, and feelings to other people in written form (Setiani, 2021). When the pupils start interacting with others at the school level, they start learning English through written form for communication. Students find writing to be more challenging than other language abilities. Writing is the ability to utilize written language to communicate with others, according to the National Evaluation of Educational Progress (2011), making the need for effective writing education and assessment more important than ever (p.1). One of the fundamental English abilities is writing. For students of foreign languages, writing is typic ally regarded as one of the most challenging talents. Even native speakers struggle to write well, according to Johnstone, Ashbaugh, and Warfield (2002). In addition, Kelog g (2008) notes that writing aids in the development of vocabulary, the reinforcemen t of grammatical structure, and the development of other language abilities including reading, listening, and speaking. Multiple texts were taught to vocational high school students as part of the K13 curriculum as they learned and practiced writing. They were procedural, narrative, recount, report, and descriptive. According to the curriculum, teachers should also teach students how to write straightforward transactional and interpersonal texts that include expressions like asking for and offering complime nts, expressing an opinion, issuing an invitation, and making an announcement. The research's typing skills were concentrated on writing, particularly composing descriptive prose. According to Wardiman, Jahur, and Djusman (2008), descriptive text is any te xt that describes the characteristics of someone, something, or a specific location (p.16). This method could be used to teach students how to write descriptive texts. Descriptive text, on the other hand, is text that talks about a specific person, thing, or place. To write a descriptive text, we must use our imagination and visualization because we must describe specific people, things, or places in specific ways. Running dictation could thus be used to assist students in creating descriptive text. Running dictation, according to Duncan and Westgate (2010), is an activity that generates a lot of excitement and encourages participation from all classes, with individual students filling a variety of roles. Running Dictation is a dictation activity that O" 420 W1482989464.pdf 4 "Martins et al. : Geochemical data used for climatic reconstruction during the Holocene 297The values of the Kubler index of illite crystallinity (Kubler, 1964; Segonzac, 1969) and the kaolinite/illite ratio arehigher in two particular sections of the core, between 164 and120 cm, and between 85 and 45 cm, and show a tendency to increase between 20 and 0 cm (fig. 3). In the 164–115 cm section, higher contents of kaolinite and smectite occur. In the 115–95 cm section, the abundance ofthese clay minerals decreases, bu t illite and chlorite contents increase. In the 90–50 cm sec tion, smectite content increases and kaolinite content shows the highest values despite thereduction of kaolinite content starting at 85 cm (fig. 3). In thesediments of the upper 50 cm of the core, chlorite persists inhigher contents whereas smect ite is absent or rare. Between 18 and 30 cm, the kaolinite/illite ratio decreases notably(fig. 3). Pyrite is always present alon g the core, both in the sand fractions as framboidal sed imentary deposits and in pyritized shells of benthic foraminifera. Benthic foraminifera assemblages along core KSGX 40 consist of autochthonous individuals (not showing transportmarks) and of transported shells (broken or abraded). The total number of foraminifera (benthic and planktonic) shells per gram of sediment is, as a rule, higher below the depthof 80 cm down to the basis of the core (<6500 shells per gramof sediment), this section also being characterized by a higher number of autochthonous benthic foraminifera and transportedshells (fig. 4). Some species of the benthi c foraminifera assemblages found in core KSGX 40 are better represented in the inner and/or middle shelf environments of this North Atlantic region. Such is the case of Ammonia beccarii , Asterigerinata mamila ,La abundancia relativa de partículas granulares no cohesi- vas muestra valores > 65% en la sección de 33 a 55 cm y debajo de 76 cm (fig. 2). El contenido de CaCO 3 varía de 2% a 18% del peso de sedimento seco y es mayor en la sección infe- rior del sondeo (fig. 2). Las conchas de foraminíferos y moluscos son importantes componentes biogénicos de estos sedimento y contribuyen significativamente al CaCO3 total. La ilita (50–75%) es el mineral arcilloso predominante, seguida por la caolinita (16–18% ), la esmectita (0–15%) y la clorita (2–10%). La ilita y la caolinita, así como la clorita y la esmectita, varían de forma opues ta en el sondeo estudiado (fig. 3). Los valores del índice de Kubler de cristalinidad de la ilita (Kubler, 1964; Segonzac, 1969) y la razón caolinita/ilita son mayores en dos secciones partic ulares del sondeo, entre 164 y 120 cm y entre 85 y 45 cm, y mu estran una tendencia a incre- mentar entre 20 y 0 cm (fig. 3). En la sección de 164 a 115 cm se encuentran contenidos mayores de caolinita y esmectita. En la sección de 115 a 95 cm, decrece la abundancia de esto s minerales arcillosos, pero aumentan los contenidos de ilita y clorita. En la sección de 90 a 50 cm el contenido de esmectita se incrementa y el contenido de caolinita muestra sus valores más altos a pesar de que el contenido de este mineral se empieza a reducir a los 85 cm (fig. 3). En los sedimentos de los 50 cm superiores del sondeo persisten los elevados conteni dos de clorita mientras que la esmectita es escasa o está ausente. Entre los 18 y 30 cm la razón caolinita/ili ta decrece notablemente (fig. 3). La pirita siempre está presente a lo largo del sondeo, tanto en las fracción de area en la fo rma de depósitos sedimentarios framboidales como en conchas piritizadas de foraminíferos bentónicos. Las asociaciones de foraminífe ros bentónicos en el sondeo KSGX 40 están formadas por individuos autóctonos (sin señales de transporte) y por conchas transportadas (rotas o gastadas). El número total de conchas de foraminíferos (bentónicos y planctónicos) por gramo de sedimento es, en general, mayor por debajo de la profundidad de 80 cm hasta la base del sondeo (<6500 conchas por gramo de sedimento), caracterizándose esta sección por un mayor númer o de foraminíferos bentónicos autóctonos y de conchas transportadas (fig. 4). Algunas especies de las asociaciones de foraminíferos bentónicos están mejor representadas en los ambientes de la plataforma interna y/o media de esta región del Atlántico Norte. Tal es el caso de Ammonia beccarii , Asterigerinata mamila , Bolivina pseudoplicata, Cibicides ungerianus , Cribrononion gerthi , Discorbis mira , D. williamsoni , Eggerelloides scaber , Elphidium complanatum , E. crispum, E. discoidale , E. macellum var. aculeatum , E. pulvereum , Haynesina depressula , Lepidodeuterammina ochracea , Planorbulina mediterranensis , Quinqueloculina seminulum y Remaneica helgolandica (Pujos, 1976; Blanc-Vernet et al. ,Figure 3. Vertical evolution of the clay mineral content, kaolinite/illite ratio and Kubler index of illite crystallinity. Sediment layers dated by 14C are marked. Figura 3. Evolución vertical del contenido de mineral arcilloso, de la razón caolinita/ilita y del índice de Kubler de cristalinidad de la ilita. Se indican las capas de sedimento fechadas mediante 14C." 421 W2021698582.pdf 4 "Utsunomiya et al. Selection in the bovine genome function of physical distance can be assessed to determine the extension of the haplotype homozygosity. From this seminalconcept, a family of statistical methods was developed in orderto scan entire genomes in the search for evidence of selection. Voight et al. (2006) proposed to measure how rapidly EHH decays from a core SNP site by calculating the area under the EHH curve, iHH=/integraldisplay b aEHH (x)dx where iHH represents the definite integral of EHH evaluated over the domain of the chromosome segment delimited by upstreamposition aand downstream position bwhere EHH decays to some arbitrary small value (originally 0.05). As the area under the curveis not tractable analytically, a trapezoid quadrature with non-uniform grid can be adopted as a deterministic approximation: iHH∼ K/summationdisplay k=1(xk+1−xk)(EHH k+1+EHH k) 2 A within population score, namely Integrated Haplotype Score (iHS), for a given site i,w a si n t r o d u c e db y Voight et al. (2006) as the log-ratio between the integrated EHH for the haplotypes containing the ancestral allele ( iHH A) and the derived allele (iHH D): iHS i=ln/parenleftbiggiHH A,i iHH D,i/parenrightbigg These scores are then standardized to have mean zero and vari- ance one. Extremely negative standardized iHSvalues have been of par- ticular interest in human genetics, as they represent a recentlyacquired mutation that increased very rapidly in frequency (i.e.,there is a partial sweep due to ongoing selection) or a haplo-type that hitchhiked to fixation and then became enriched forderived alleles ( Voight et al., 2006 ). However, a sweep can also produce large positive iHSvalues at nearby SNPs if ancestral alle- les hitchhike with the selected site, so the chromosome regionsurrounding the selected variant typically exhibits a cluster ofextreme positive and negative iHS v a l u e s .F u r t h e r m o r e ,i nt h e context of cattle data, artificial selection and domestication prob-ably favored “beneficial” alleles in the sense of human interest,regardless if it is ancestral or derived. Therefore, both positive andnegative values should be investigated in cattle data. This impli-cates that the absolute value of standardized iHSscores should be preferred over the signed values, or, equivalently, that a two tailedhypothesis test should be assumed. As only partial ancestral alleleinformation is available for cattle SNP assays, and the search forfootprints of selection by iHSin cattle should disregard the direc- tion of the sweep, a more appropriate generalized version of iHS can be postulated as the log-ratio between the integrated EHH for an arbitrary reference allele ( iHH REF) and for the alternative allele (iHH ALT). One of the limitations of this method is that if a given marker presents a nearly or completely fixed allele in the populationbeing analyzed, this allele will have no integral to be calculated or an integral close to zero, so the log-ratio will result in a pos-itive or negative infinite value. In this scenario, the calculationofiHS must be conditioned by iHH REF>0a n d iHH ALT>0, which indirectly leads to a minor allele frequency (MAF) con-straint. This limitation renders iHSunderpowered to detect very recent nearly fixed selective sweeps, which are of primary interestin the cattle community. However, as discussed earlier, a crucialpoint to be considered is that contiguous chromosomal segmentscontaining SNPs with MAF =0 can also result from SNP chip ascertainment bias, which may produce false positive signals. Tang et al. (2007) andSabeti et al. (2007) have independently developed equivalent methods, Rsb and XPEHH ,r e s p e c t i v e l y , which attempt to compare long-range haplotypes between popu-lations in order to increase the power of selective sweep detection.The most crucial improvement is that, for each population beinganalyzed iHH is calculated for the entire sample, instead of being partitioned between derived and ancestral alleles. This eliminatesthe MAF constraint and recovers the power to detect sweepsreaching fixation. The comparison with a population where theselective sweep may not have occurred adds extra power to themethod. Calculations are performed as follows: XPEHH i=Rsb i=ln/parenleftbiggiHH pop1,i iHH pop2,i/parenrightbigg Where, relative to SNP i,iHH pop1,iis the integrated EHH in the first population and iHH pop2,iis the integrated EHH in the second population. Scores are also standardized to produce a distributionof standard deviates. Positive values indicate selective sweeps inthe population used in the numerator, while negative values indi-cate selection in the population used in the denominator. Here, itis easy to keep track of the signals by using one-tailed hypothesistests. Studies applying EHH -based methods to cattle data are numerous (for instance, Hayes et al., 2008; Gautier and Naves, 2011; Qanbari et al., 2011, 2014; Flori et al., 2012; Utsunomiyaet al., 2013; Huson et al., 2014 ). The reported loci are deemed to be genome responses to a variety of different selective pres-sures, such as milk and meat production, coat color, heat stress,and reproductive performance. Among these, one particularlyinteresting selective sweep, most likely related to adaptation toheat stress, has been reported in Creole cattle, including Senepol,Carora, Romosinuano, and cross-bred lineages ( Flori et al., 2012; Huson et al., 2014 ). These cattle breeds present the slick hair coat phenotype, a dominant trait associated to heat tolerance intropically adapted cattle that descend from Spanish cattle intro-duced to the New World. The chromosome segment containingthe selective sweep ranges from 37.5 to 39.6 Mb on chromosome20, with a variable peaking position (39.5 or 37.7 Mb) depend-ing on the SNP panel (BovineSNP50 or BovineHD) and datasetanalyzed ( Flori et al., 2012; Huson et al., 2014 ). The disputed posi- tional candidate genes are the retinoic acid induced 14 ( RAI14 orNORPEG ), prolactin receptor ( PRLR ), and S-phase kinase- associated protein 2 ( SKP2 ). A strong candidate mutation has been recently proposed for PRLR ,as i n g l eb a s ed e l e t i o ni ne x o n 10 (ss1067289408) predicted to cause a frameshift that introduces www.frontiersin.org February 2015 | Volume 6 | Article 36 |5" 422 W2186937257.pdf 3 "Eng. & Tech. Journal, Vol.27, No. 11, 2009 Analysis and design of PID Control System for Active Magnetic Bearings 2308 snix2 n pkkk mwk+= snin dkkmw2Tx= 5. Design of PID Controller using the Two Degrees of Freedom Approach When the system is subjected to disturbances and noises it is useful to use a modified PID control schemes instead of the basic PID control. One of those control schemes is the two-degree-of-freedom control scheme [1]. In this scheme, we have a controller in the feed forward path and another controller in the feedback path. Gc=G c1+G c2 The PID controller designed using the two-degrees-of-freedom configuration satisfy two independent requirements, such as the response characteristics to disturbance input and these to reference input. Figure 4 shows a two-degree-of- freedom control system. The controller will be designed to satisfy the following requirements: a- The response to the step disturbance input is damp out quickly. b- The maximum overshoot in the response to the unit-step reference input be less than 20% but more than 2%, and the settling time be less than 0.05 second. c- The steady-state errors in the responses to both the ramp and acceleration reference inputs should be zero. To design suitable controllers Gc1 and Gc2, the design procedure will be performed in two main steps: Design step (1): In this step assumption is made where the reference input is zero. The transfer function from disturbing force Fd(s) to displacement output X(s) is given by: c snipp d GkkG1G )s(F)s(X += (7) Where, x2 pk ms1)s(G −= Gc is defined as a PID controller such that [1]: s) s)( s(kGcb a+ += (8) Substituting for Gc and Gp in equation (7) and rearranging: =)s(F)s(X d ab ba ksnkiks]xk) (ksnkik[2kssnkik3mss + −+ + + (9) To satisfy the requirement that the steady-state errors in the responses to both the ramp and acceleration reference inputs be zero, we refer to the zero-placement method [1] and choose the closed-loop transfer function X(s)/X o(s) to be of the following form: =)s(X)s(X o c)b a(s)ac2 b a( s)ca2(sc)b a(s)ac2 b a( s)ca2( 2 2 2 2 2 32 2 2 2 2 ++ +++ ++++ +++ + (10) In which case the third requirement is automatically satisfied. In MATLAB a computational approach is used to search optimal set or sets of desired closed-loop poles in terms of a, b, and c in the specified region. Such that the system will satisfy the requirement on the response to the unit-step reference input that the maximum overshoot be between 2% and 20% and the settling time be less than 0.05 second. MATLAB program produces a table of sets of acceptable values of a, b, and c. For an under damped system the dominant closed-loop poles are complex conjugates and may be given by: jba s±−= And the remaining closed-loop pole is real and is located at: s = – c Consider the same radial magnetic bearing data given in section 4 [4]: Two sets of closed-loop poles are considered as follows: 1- In the first set the complex conjugate closed loop poles found using root locus PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com" 423 W2997531548.pdf 3 "F. Alhusain et al. / Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 10 (4) 276–279 279 the SSC bundle elements or the mortality rate. The only significant difference found was the time to the lactate measurement. These find - ings reflect the lack of sepsis awareness of prehospital care providers and management protocols may be a potential area for improvement. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest. AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTION NA, YA and Sami A, designed the study and reviewed the manu - script. NA supervised the study. HA, AA, AB and Sarah A, collected data and wrote the manuscript. FA analyzed and interpreted data, wrote and edited the manuscript. ETHICAL APPROVAL The Institutional Review Board, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia approved this study. REFERENCES [1] Napolitano LM. Sepsis 2018: definitions and guideline changes. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2018;19;117–25. [2] Levy MM, Artigas A, Phillips GS, Rhodes A, Beale R, Osborn T, et al. Outcomes of the surviving sepsis campaign in intensive care units in the USA and Europe: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2012;12;919–24. [3] Dellinger RP , Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med 2013;41;580–637. [4] Stevenson EK, Rubenstein AR, Radin GT, Wiener RS, Walkey AJ. Two decades of mortality trends among patients with severe sepsis: a comparative meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2014;42;625–31. [5] Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Suzuki S, Pilcher D, Bellomo R. Mortality related to severe sepsis and septic shock among crit - ically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand, 2000–2012. JAMA 2014;311;1308–16. [6] Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE, Light B, Parrillo JE, Sharma S, et al. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective anti - microbial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006;34;1589–96. [7] Seymour CW , Gesten F, Prescott HC, Friedrich ME, Iwashyna TJ, Phillips GS, et al. 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[23] Seymour CW , Cooke CR, Heckbert SR, Spertus JA, Callaway CW , Martin-Gill C, et al. Prehospital intravenous access and fluid resuscitation in severe sepsis: an observational cohort study. Crit Care 2014;18;533. [24] Seymour CW , Rea TD, Kahn JM, Walkey AJ, Y ealy DM, Angus DC. Severe sepsis in pre-hospital emergency care: analysis of incidence, care, and outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;186 ;1264–71. [25] Seymour CW , Band RA, Cooke CR, Mikkelsen ME, Hylton J, Rea TD, et al. Out-of-hospital characteristics and care of patients with severe sepsis: a cohort study. J Crit Care 2010;25; 553–62. [26] Seymour CW , Cooke CR, Mikkelsen ME, Hylton J, Rea TD, Goss CH, et al. Out-of-hospital fluid in severe sepsis: effect on early resuscitation in the emergency department. Prehospital Emerg Care 2010;14;145–52. [27] Sinuff T, Kahnamoui K, Cook DJ, Luce JM, Levy MM; Values Ethics and Rationing in Critical Care Task Force. Rationing critical care beds: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 2004;32; 1588–97." 424 W1528052797.pdf 6 "salarial que perdurou durante todo o governo de FHC, sobr etudo pelo estímulo às fundaç ões de apoio , que torna vam possív el a comer cialização de cursos e serviços nas univ ersidades , contribuindo assim para a consolidação de um processo gradual de mer cantilização da educação superior (BOSI; REIS, 2008). A política de educação superior no Paraná conduzida pelo governo Jaime Lerner entr e os anos de 1994 a 2002, mostr ava-se em sintonia com as medidas t omadas pelo pr esident e FHC no âmbit o da política nacional . Lerner instituiu medidas de desmont e do ensino superior públic o, orientado pela lógica de enxugament o de “gast os públic os”. As iniciativas reformistas do governo Lerner se deram, desde a concretização da prestação de serviços pelas universidades públicas à sociedade , através da Lei Estadual n. 11.500/96, até a proposta do deputado Eduardo Trevisan que, apoiado pelo governo à época, visava à institucionalização de mensalidades nas univ ersidades mantidas pelo Estado . Tal objetiv o contribuiria para a concr etização de uma terceira medida, a saber : a transf ormação das instituiç ões públicas de ensino superior no Paraná em organizações sociais, conforme previsto no Plano Diretor da Reforma do Apar elho do Estado . Embora houv esse muitos debates e mobilizações da comunidade acadêmica, cujas ações eram organizadas pelo Comit ê em Defesa do Ensino Superior Públic o do Paraná e pela União Paranaense de Estudant es (REIS, 2001), nenhuma dessas ações coletivas conseguiu inviabilizar que o governo sancionasse tal medida. A Lei n. 11.500/96 previa que: Art. 1º. A s Instituiç ões de Ensino Superior mantidas pelo Estado do Paraná (IES), " 425 W3003562107.pdf 1 "http://www.revmaterialeplastice.ro MATERIALE PLASTICE ♦55♦No. 4 ♦2018 596that treats plastic as a insignificant material rather than a valuable resource to be exploit [23]. Environmental pollution represents an important and complex subject with a huge concern for scientists in different fields, but also for the governments, national and international organizations, because besides theincontestable assets of the industry for the human development, it has negative effects to the human health [3]. For a good understanding of the issues discussed it is necessary to define and explain the processes of biodegradation, composting and oxo-degradation. Biodegradation is a process by which material disintegrates and is decomposed by micro-organisms into elements that are found in nature, such as CO2, water and biomass. Biodegradation can occur in an oxygen rich environment (aerobic biodegradation) or in an oxygen poor environment(anaerobic biodegradation). There is currently insufficient evidence to provide assurance that oxo-degradable plastic, including plastic carrier bags, will biodegrade in theenvironment within reasonable time [24]. Recycling waste can be considered the key element of the entire environmental issues, including giving it somesolutions on the conservation of natural resources and energy, and in terms of preserving a healthy and unpolluted habitat in all aspects [18]. Results and discussions It is too early to draw robust conclusions on the environmental impact that bans and levies have had. In 50 per cent of cases, information about their impact is missing, partly because some countries have adoptedthem only recently and partly because monitoring is deficient. In countries that do have data, about 30 per cent have registered notable decrease in the consumption of plastic bags within the first year. The remaining 20 per cent ofcountries have reported little to no change.Since the 1950’s, growth in the production of plastic has largely surmounted that of any other material, with a global shift from the production of durable plastics to single-useplastics (including packaging), as shown in figure 1. Unfortunately, the production of plastic is largely based on fossil hydrocarbons, which are non-renewableresources. If the growth in plastic production continues at the same level, by 2050 the plastic industry may account for 20% of the world’s total oil consumption [23]. Global consumption of plastic can be estimated by observing the amount of plastic waste produced. Plastic packaging is mostly single-use, especially in business-to-consumer applications, and a majority of it is discarded the same year it is produced. In 2015, plastic packaging waste accounted for 47% of the plastic waste generated globally, with half of that appearing to come from Asia. While China remains the largest worldwide generator of plastic packaging waste,the USA is the largest generator of plastic packaging waste on a per-capita basis, followed by Japan and the EU (fig. 2) International action on bags Government-led changes to reduce plastic bag consumption and litter are common internationally. Bansand levies are the most popular methods for plastic bag reduction globally (fig. 3). In the EU, we currently use 100 billion plastic bags per year. This is a huge waste, because most of the time the bags are used only once, many ending in our oceans and seas. A new measure in combating this problem raised by plastic consumption is the new EU Plastic Packaging Directive, which obliges Member States to drasticallyreduce the use of light bags. Due to the measures taken in recent years in Denmark and Finland, the average annual consumption of lightweight plastic bags is only four per person. In Ireland, since the introduction of a tax in 2002, the consumption ofdisposable plastic bags decreased from 328 people per Fig. 2. Plastic packaging waste generation, 2015, million MtFig. 1. Global plastic production by industrial sector, 2015 " 426 W4295722753.pdf 12 "13 Walach, H., Klement, R. J., & Aukema, W. (2022). The risk -benefit ratio of Covid -19 vaccines  : Publication policy by retraction does nothing to improve it. Clinical and Tran slational Discovery , 2, e35. https://doi.org/10.1002/ctd2.35 Walker, P. G. T., Whittaker, C., Watson, O. J., Baguelin, M., Winskill, P., Hamlet, A., … Ghani, A. C. (2020). The impact of COVID -19 and strategies for mitigation and suppression in low - And middle-income countries. Science , 369(6502), 413 –422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc0035 Watson, O. J., Barnsley, G., Toor, J., Hogan, A. B., Winskill, P., & Ghani, A. C. (2022a). Global impact of the first year of COVID -19 vaccination: a mathematical mo delling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases , 3099 (22), 1 –10. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473 -3099(22)00320 -6 Watson, O. J., Barnsley, G., Toor, J., Hogan, A. B., Winskill, P., & Ghani, A. C. (2022b). Global impact of the first year of COVID -19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases , 3099 (22). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473 -3099(22)00320 -6 Yamamoto, K. (2022). Adverse effects of COVID -19 vaccines and measures to prevent them. Virology Journal , 19, 100. https://doi.org/10.1 186/s12985 -022-01831 -0 " 427 W3088427357.pdf 9 "Nätynki et al. BP180 Autoantibodies in Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Coel iac Disease 27. Tasanen K, Varpuluoma O, Nishie W. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibi tor- associated bullous pemphigoid. Front Immunol. (2019) 10:1238. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01238 28. Didona D, Di Zenzo G. Humoral epitope spreading in autoimmune bullous diseases. Front Immunol. (2018) 9:779. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018. 00779 29. Cornaby C, Gibbons L, Mayhew V, Sloan CS, Welling A, Poole BD. B cell epitope spreading: mechanisms and contribution to autoimmune diseases. Immunol Lett. (2015) 163:56–68. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014. 11.001 30. Messingham KAN, Aust S, Helfenberger J, Parker KL, Schultz S, McKillip J, et al. Autoantibodies to collagen XVII are present in parkinson’s dis ease and localize to tyrosine-hydroxylase positive neurons. J Invest Dermatol. (2016) 136:721–3.doi:10.1016/j.jid.2015.12.005 31. Zone JJ, Schmidt LA, Taylor TB, Hull CM, Sotiriou MC, Jaskowski TD, et al. Dermatitis herpetiformis sera or goat anti-transglutaminase -3 transferred to human skin-grafted mice mimics dermatitis herpetiformis immunopathology. J Immunol. (2011) 186:4474–80. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol. 1003273 32. Feliciani C, Caldarola G, Kneisel A, Podstawa E, Pfutze M, Pfu tzner W, et al. IgG autoantibody reactivity against bullous pemphigoid (BP) 180 a nd BP230 inelderlypatientswithpruriticdermatoses. BrJDermatol. (2009)161:306–12. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09266.x 33. van Beek N, Dohse A, Riechert F, Krull V, Recke A, Zillikens D, et al. Serum autoantibodies against the dermal-epidermal junction in pati ents with chronic pruritic disorders, elderly individuals and blood donors prospectively recruited. Br J Dermatol. (2014) 170:943–7. doi: 10.1111/bjd. 12739 34. Liu Z, Chen L, Zhang C, Xiang LF. Circulating bullous pemphigoid 1 80 autoantibody can be detected in a wide spectrum of patients with other dermatologicconditions:across-sectionalstudy. JAmAcadDermatol. (2019) 80:774–5.doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.06.00635. Saffari H, Zone JJ, Allen M, Leiferman KM. A subset of patients with pemphigoid(herpes)gestationishasserologicalevidenceofceliac disease.Int JDermatol. (2018)57:534–40.doi:10.1111/ijd.13925 36. Ress K, Teesalu K, Annus T, Putnik U, Lepik K, Luts K, et al. Low prevalence ofIgAanti-transglutaminase1,2,and3autoantibodiesinchild renwithatopic dermatitis. BMCResNotes. (2014)7:310.doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-310 37. Schulze F, van Beek N, Terheyden P, Zillikens D, Schmidt E. Con comitant bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis. Dermatology. (2013) 226:217–21.doi:10.1159/000349982 38. Hervonen K, Alakoski A, Salmi TT, Helakorpi S, Kautiainen H, Kaukinen K, et al. Reduced mortality in dermatitis herpetiformis: a population-based study of 476 patients. Br J Dermatol. (2012) 167:1331–7. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11105.x 39. Horvath B, Niedermeier A, Podstawa E, Muller R, Hunzelmann N, Karpati S, et al. IgA autoantibodies in the pemphigoids and linear IgA bullous dermatosis. Exp Dermatol. (2010) 19:648–53. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01080.x 40. Zone JJ, Egan CA, Taylor TB, Meyer LJ. IgA autoimmune disorder s: development of a passive transfer mouse model. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc.(2004)9:47–51.doi:10.1111/j.1087-0024.2004.00840.x Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be c onstrued as a potentialconflictofinterest. Copyright © 2020 Nätynki, Tuusa, Hervonen, Kaukinen, Lindgren, Hui laja, Kokkonen, Salmi and Tasanen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). T he use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the or iginal author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original pub lication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproductionispermittedwhichdoesnotcomplywiththeset erms. Frontiers in Immunology | www.frontiersin.org 10 September 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 575805" 428 W4387498109.pdf 4 "In Memoriam – Jean-Paul Mauriès91 1920 (Chordeumatida: Opisthocheiridae). Zootaxa 4044(3): 391–410. https://doi. org/10.11646/zootaxa.4044.3.4 Gilgado JD, Ledesma E, Enghoff H, Mauriès J-P , Ortuño VM (2017) A new genus and spe- cies of Haplobainosomatidae (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida) from the MSS of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park, central Spain. Zootaxa 4347(3): 492–510. https://doi. org/10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.4 Golovatch SI, Geoffroy J-J, Mauriès J-P (2006) Four new Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) from caves in China. Zoosystema 28(1): 75–92. Golovatch SI, Geoffroy J-J, Mauriès J-P (2006) Review of the millipede genus Hyleoglomeris Verhoeff, 1910 (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae), with descriptions of new species from caves in Southeast Asia. Zoosystema 28(4): 887–915. Golovatch SI, Geoffroy J-J, Mauriès J-P (2007) Several new or poorly-known cavernicolous millipedes (Diplopoda) from southern China [for 2006]. Arthropoda Selecta 15(2): 81–89. Golovatch SI, Geoffroy J-J, Mauriès J-P (2010) Review of the millipede genus Pacidesmus Golovatch 1991, with descriptions of three new species from caves in Southern China (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Polydesmidae). T ropical Natural History 10(2): 159–169. Golovatch SI, Geoffroy J-J, Mauriès J-P (2010) T wo new species of the millipede genus Desmoxy- tes Chamberlin, 1923 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) from caves in south- ern China. Arthropoda Selecta 19(2): 57–61. https://doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.19.2.01 Golovatch SI, Geoffroy J-J, Mauriès J-P , VandenSpiegel D (2007) Review of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847, with descriptions of new species from Southeast Asia (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae). Part 1. the granulatus-group. Zoosystema 29(1): 7–49. Golovatch SI, Geoffroy J-J, Mauriès J-P , VandenSpiegel D (2007) Review of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847, with descriptions of new species from Southeast Asia (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae). Part 2. The javanicus-group. Zoosystema 29(3): 417–456. Golovatch SI, Geoffroy J-J, Mauriès J-P , VandenSpiegel D (2009) Review of the millipede genus Plusioglyphiulus Silvestri, 1923, with descriptions of new species from Southeast Asia (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae). Zoosystema 31(1): 71–116. https://doi. org/10.5252/z2009n1a5 Golovatch SI, Geoffroy J-J, Mauriès J-P , VandenSpiegel D (2009) The first, new species of mil- lipede family Pyrgodesmidae to be recorded in Vanuatu, Melanesia, southwestern Pacific (Diplopoda: Polydesmida) [for 2008]. Arthropoda Selecta 17(3/4): 145–151. Golovatch SI, Geoffroy J-J, Mauriès J-P , VandenSpiegel D (2009) Review of the millipede fam- ily Haplodesmidae, with descriptions of some new or poorly-known species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). [In: Golovatch SI, Mesibov R (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Di- plopoda I]. Zookeys 7: 1–53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.7.117 Golovatch SI, Geoffroy J-J, Mauriès J-P , VandenSpiegel D (2009) Review of the millipede genus Eutrichodesmus Silvestri, 1910 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Haplodesmidae), with de- scriptions of new species [In: Golovatch SI, Mesibov R (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Diplopoda II]. Zookeys 12: 1–46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.12.167" 429 W4214778087.pdf 1 "Abstract Given its inputs from auditory structures and neuromodulatory systems, the posterior tail of the stria- tum is ideally positioned to influence behavioral responses to acoustic stimuli according to context and previous rewards. Results from previous studies indicate that neurons in this striatal region display selective responses to sounds. However, it is not clear whether different striatal cell classes code for distinct features of sounds, nor how different striatal output pathways may use acoustic information to guide behavior. Here we compared the sound-evoked responses of posterior striatal neurons that form the striatal direct pathway (and express the dopamine receptor D1) to the responses of neighboring neurons in naive mice. We achieved this via optogenetic photo-identification of D1-expressing neu- rons during extracellular electrophysiological recordings in awake head-fixed mice of both sexes. We found that the frequency tuning of sound-responsive direct-pathway striatal neurons is comparable to that of their sound-responsive neighbors. Moreover, we found that both populations encode amplitude modulated sounds in a similar fashion. These results suggest that different classes of neurons in the posterior striatum of naive animals have similar access to acoustic features conveyed by the auditory system even outside the context of an auditory task. Introduction The striatum, as the primary input structure of the basal ganglia and a target of extensive dopaminergic inputs, is ideally positioned to influence behavioral responses to sensory stimuli according to context and previous rewards. Neurons in the posterior tail of the striatum receive numerous inputs from the auditory thalamus and the auditory cortex (Hintiryan et al., 2016; Ponvert and Jaramillo, 2019; Chen et al., 2019; Valjent and Gangarossa, 2021), and these striatal neurons display robust responses to sounds (Bordi and LeDoux, 1992; Znamenskiy and Zador, 2013; Zhong et al., 2014; Guo et al., 2018). It is not known, however, whether different striatal cell classes code for distinct features of sounds, nor how different striatal output pathways may use acoustic information to guide behavior. A key step toward understanding the processing of sounds by striatal circuits and the role of different striatal cells in auditory learning is the characterization of sound evoked responses by distinct striatal neuron classes in naive animals. The striatum, including the posterior tail portion, is composed of a range of neuron classes with different gene expression and physiological profiles, including fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, spontaneously active cholinergic interneurons, and the abundant principal projection neurons (Kawaguchi, 1997; Valjent and Gangarossa, 2021). The large majority of these cells are medium spiny neurons that form the two main outputs of the striatum: the direct (striatonigral) path- 2. CC-BY 4.0 International license available under a(which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted February 27, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.26.482132doi: bioRxiv preprint" 430 W4388747377.pdf 4 "stream of protons colliding with the membrane leads to arti ficial heating. This suggests that scattering of protons at 5 keV providesonly limited insights into the membrane ’s temperature. The large-scale corrugation of the membrane has only a minor effect on the scattering pattern. Thus, stretching the membrane asdiscussed in Nicholl et al. (2017) ;Nicholl et al. (2015) does not seem necessary. Regarding angular resolut ion, we observe that increasing the value of ϕresembles the effect of increasing temperature (see Supplementary Material ): at 400 µrad the intensity of the rainbow p e a k si sc o m p a r a b l et ot h a ta t T= 2000 K, cf. Figure 3 .T h e optimal resolution to study scattering of protons at 5 keV is aroundϕ= 100 µrad. It can be easily realized experimentally and the resulting pattern ( Figure 2C ) is virtually indistinguishable from the one with a perfectly collimated beam ( Figure 2B ). This allows to capture all essential details of the pattern. So far, we have considered a perfect crystal in a single orientation. This is motivated by advances in the synthesis of graphene [ Chen et al. (2013) ;Gao et al. (2012) ;Wu et al. (2013) ;Yan et al. (2014) ]. However, irradiating such a sample with protons at 5 keV leads to substantialdamage. If we multiply the probability to introduce defects with the 1.6 ×10 8scattered protons required to create an image in Figure 2 ,w ee n du p with 3.2 × 105additional generated vacancies. Thus, using this method to study defects and assess their conce ntration is at least questionable. Extracting information from a poly -crystalline sample with grain boundaries is even more challenging. Here, several lattices withdifferent orientations will contribu te, further obscuring the image. In the extreme case of small grain size one would expect a circularlysymmetrical image. However, if th e experiment is restricted to low doses, it should be possible to extract some information on theinteraction potential from the pos ition of the rainbow peaks before the membrane is damaged too much. The same applies to orientation of the membrane, which is encoded in the scattering pattern at least for samples with one predominant crystal orientation. 5 Summary and outlook In summary, we have investigated classical scattering of protons through graphene. Including the temperature of the lattice by displacing the lattice atoms for each scattering event, we couldshow that the outer rainbow previously described in the literature isan artifact. In contrast to that, statistical averaging performed herequantitatively indicates the maximum level of detail that can beobserved in an experiment. Regarding thermometry, we observeonly a weak dependence of the peak positions on temperature, whichmight additionally be obscured by the angular resolution and the artificial heating due to the colliding protons. Based on this, we cannot con firm the predicted high sensitivity regarding temperature based on the contribution of in-plane and out-of-plane motion. If the dose is restricted, it should be possible to extract some information on the interaction potential and the orientation of themembrane. The possibility to study defects seems unrealistic as the method has a non-negligible probab ility for inducing defects itself. This limits the applicability of the proposed method as an analytical tool as the membrane is always c hanged during the analysis. To avoid beam damage and turn proton scattering into a useful technique, the interaction energy has to be reduced below the damagethreshold, which is predicted around 80 eV [ Brand et al. (2019) ]. In turn,this opens new vistas to study the interaction of protons with the membrane. On the one hand, neutralization will be more prominentat these energies [ Kononov and Schleife (2021) ], bringing energy- and angle-resolved neutralization studies within reach. On the other hand,exchanging protons by neutral hydrog en atoms facilitates matter-wave diffraction [ Brand et al. (2019) ]. In this case the level of detail is expected to be much higher, allowing to study elasti c and inelastic interactions in detail. Data availability statement The raw data supporting the conclusion of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. Author contributions JB: Formal Analysis, Invest igation, Software, Writing –original draft, Writing –review and editing. PR: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing –original draft, Formal Analysis, Supervision, Writing –review and editing. CB: Conceptualiz ation, Supervision, Writing –original draft, Formal Analysis, Writing –review and editing. Funding The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Acknowledgments We thank Maxime Debiossac, Maxim Efremov, and François Aguillon for fruitful discussions. Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential con flict of interest. Publisher ’s note All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their af filiated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and thereviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, orclaim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed orendorsed by the publisher. Supplementary material The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2023.1291065/ full#supplementary-material Frontiers in Chemistry frontiersin.org 05Bühler et al. 10.3389/fchem.2023.1291065" 431 W4287760396.pdf 6 "ISSN: 2320 -5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 8(06), 180-188 186 Conclusion and Recommendations : - Aerosols are the major pathway of COVID -19 transmission. Thus, wearing a face mask in any public setting where social distancing is hard to do is highly recommended. Even though masks may not be perfect, current evidence generally supports their use, and taking this small precaution could help slow the pandemic. Many commonly used items, toilet facilities, and air samples had evidence of viral contamination. This indicates that SARS -CoV-2 is shed to the environment as expired particles, during toileting, and through contact with surfaces. Hence disease spread through both direct and indirect contact are confirmed, supporting the use of airborne isolation precautions. Following common sense and the guidance of public health officials is also important, including avoiding crowded indoor spaces as much as possible and practicing social distancing both inside and outdoors. Washing hands frequently and ensuring personal and environmental hygiene is of p aramount importance in minimizing the risks. The COVID -19 would not just disappear overnight, and we have to learn to live with it by taking the necessary precautions to control its spread. Even though lockdown have made the skies in many cities are les s polluted now than they were before the pandemic, the effects of decades of exposure to air pollution would not simply disappear. The seeming improvement in air quality resulting from the lockdown may be temporary. Again, while social distancing could have an impact, and minimize the risk of COVID -19 transmission, air quality is likely to get worse again as restrictions are lifted and the economic activities resumes, unless other steps are taken. Thus, countries that have high level of air pollution need t o take environmental measures as the only enduring step in controlling the pandemic. References :- 1. 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Namely, for the variables showing significant group differences in the previous analysis we performed additional Mann–Whitney non-parametric U tests on run-specific mean values regardless of condition, as well as PF and CF mean values separately. Based on the considerable executive load of the WoF task, we also assessed possible group differences in learning abilities in terms of time needed for task execution. To this purpose, we first applied the Friedman test within each group, to highlight significant RT differences along the four runs. We then performed post-hoc analyses (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) to identify the specific run at which each group reached the maximum (i.e. fastest) performance. For each statistical analysis we performed also effect size calculation, i.e. Glass rank biserial correlation for non-parametric tests and partial eta squared for ANCOV A. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS (IBM Corp. Released 2015. IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) and JASP (https ://jasp-stats .org/ ). Analysis of choice behaviour. We applied regression analyses, using a panel logit procedure with an indi- vidual random effect, to unveil the contribution of different choice-related emotions to decision-making perfor - mance. The panel data analysis modelled each subject as unit, and each trial as time variable. The random-effects model was used as the default model, and the parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood. We tested two models of choice, incorporating the effect of different choice variables on decision-making behaviour. In the former, we modelled the effects of anticipating disappointment (d) and regret (r), alongside the maxi- mization of expected value (e) (see details in 8). The probability of choosing gamble 1 is: where s = subject, t = time and F[θ] denotes the function eθ/(1 + eθ). The variables d and r , as described in Eqs.  2 and 3, indicate the process of minimizing future disappointment and future regret, respectively; e indicates the result of maximizing expected values. x1 and y1 represent the better and worst outcome of gamble 1 ( g1), and x2 and y2 represent the better and worst outcome of gamble 2 ( g2). The probability of x1 is p and the probability of y1 is 1 – p; the probability of x2 is q, and the probability of y2 is 1 – q. In the CF condition, the optimal behaviour depends on the subject’s ability to minimize disappointment (d; Eq. 2) and regret (r; Eq.  3), while maximizing expected value (e; Eq.  4). In the PF condition, instead, subjects can only integrate in their evaluative process the effect of anticipated disappointment and maximization of expected values (see details in 8). The second model aimed to investigate the modulation of choice behaviour by the affective experience asso- ciated with a near-miss outcome (NM) in the previous trial, in addition to the maximization of expected value (e). Therefore, choice behaviour depends a) both on the maximization of expected value (Eq. 4) and near-miss outcome of both gambles in the CF condition; b) only on expected value and near-miss of the chosen gamble in the PF condition. The probability of choosing g 1 is: where the NM regressor included three possible values, depending on the proportional distance between the rest - ing position of the spinning arrow and the boundaries between the best and worse gamble outcomes. Therefore, the participants could experience a ""clear"" outcome, when the arrow stopped in the central area of the best or worse gamble segments; a full near-miss outcome, when it stopped very close to the boundary between them; and a partial near-miss outcome, when it stopped in an approximately intermediate area between the former positions. The analysis of choice behaviour was carried out with STATA (StataCorp. 2019.  Stata Statistical Software: Release 13 . College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC.). Received: 2 March 2020; Accepted: 25 June 2020 References 1. Ernst, M. & Paulus, M. P . Neurobiology of decision making: a selective review from a neurocognitive and clinical perspective. Biol. Psychiatry 58, 597–604 (2005). 2. Liu, X., Hairston, J., Schrier, M. & Fan, J. Common and distinct networks underlying reward valence and processing stages: a meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 35, 1219–1236 (2011). 3. Rogers, R. D. et al. Choosing between small, likely rewards and large, unlikely rewards activates inferior and orbital prefrontal cortex. J. Neurosci. 19, 9029–9038 (1999). 4. Brand, M., Labudda, K. & Markowitsch, H. J. Neuropsychological correlates of decision-making in ambiguous and risky situations. Neural Networks 19, 1266–1276 (2006). 5. Lawrence, A., Clark, L., Labuzetta, J. N., Sahakian, B. & Vyakarnum, S. The innovative brain. Nature 456, 168–169 (2008). 6. Camille, N. et al. The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in the experience of regret. Science (80-) 304, 1167–1170 (2004).(1) Pr/parenleftbig g1st/parenrightbig =1−Pr/parenleftbig g2st/parenrightbig =F[dst;rst;est] (2) d=/parenleftbig y2−x2∨/parenleftbig 1−q/parenrightbig/parenrightbig −/parenleftbig y1−x1∨/parenleftbig 1−p/parenrightbig/parenrightbig (3) r=/vextendsingle/vextendsingley2−x1/vextendsingle/vextendsingle−/vextendsingle/vextendsingley1−x2/vextendsingle/vextendsingle (4) e=EV/parenleftbig g1/parenrightbig −EV/parenleftbig g2/parenrightbig =/parenleftbig px1+/parenleftbig 1−p/parenrightbig y1/parenrightbig −/parenleftbig qx2+/parenleftbig 1−q/parenrightbig y2/parenrightbig Pr/parenleftbig g1st/parenrightbig =1−Pr/parenleftbig g2st/parenrightbig =F[NM st;est]" 433 W4317895761.pdf 6 "Page 7 of 10 Cardoso Pinto et al. BMC Medical Education (2023) 23:56 personalised teaching and therefore both a unique expe - rience for pupils and a more enjoyable experience for themselves. “being able to like use like physical stuff to interact with them (…) I think that’s what really makes TBH so special. ” (VP3). Lockdowns drastically changed the nature of the uni - versity experience; in this context volunteer participants noted the benefits to their mental health of partaking in online volunteering. “From the whole situation that we were going through in lockdown (…) I think mentally it was one of the things that kept me sane in it (…) I had a moment where I felt that I was doing something good for other people, not related to academics” (VP11). Volunteer participants enjoyed “seeing the kids (…) [who] have lots of energy (…) and it was nice to feed off that when it was locked down as you weren’t seeing many people” (VP7). Online also offered a space to “de-stress (…) [by] working with kids (…) which takes your mind off (…) other issues” (VP11). Nevertheless, university teaching was also transferred online, meaning that ICSM-TBH shifting online was yet “another stare-at-screen session” (VP10). In-person vol - unteering offers a “good [opportunity] to get out of the house” whereas online sessions could “feel very weird in the sense that you do it from your own room, as opposed to physically going to the session and getting excited about speaking to all those 5-6-year-olds” (VP4). (xxii) Workload The pandemic changed the nature of work for univer - sity students; working from home was often “mentally stressful” . Online sessions were a “really fun experience” and a “nice kind of break from uni” (VP12), however sometimes it could be “a bit challenging to find motiva - tion to join”, as “you had been in front of your computer for the entire morning and will be for the entire afternoon for the last five days. So, everything feels like effort and dif - ficult to enjoy” (VP6). In-person sessions allowed volun - teers to “split up [their] day a bit more as you have to go in-person instead of everything being online” (VP1). Convenience was a crucial benefit highlighted in online volunteering as it is “less time intensive” and “easier to fit into schedules” due to not having travel time and making it “easier to commit to sessions” (VP12). In-person volun - teering required travelling “which can impede how many people can turn up” and can force volunteers to rush from lectures or clinical placements which can be physi - cally and mentally exhausting. Online platforms allowed volunteers to multitask and do things like “eat lunch during sessions” or “do your laundry whilst it is going on” whereas in-person “often took place over lunch times” which disrupted eating schedules for participants (VP10). Discussion This study explored volunteer and teacher perspectives on the value of online versus in-person volunteering with ICSM-TBH. Overall, both online and in-person volun - teering showed social and wellbeing benefits and offered opportunities to develop a variety of professional skills for volunteers. However, for volunteers who experienced both formats, in-person sessions were preferred. Volun - teers and teachers agreed that in-person sessions pro - vided a more effective learning experience for the pupils. In the context of the national lockdowns and government restrictions, this study demonstrated that online volun - teering was an overall positive experience, as it offered a space for socialisation, allowed volunteers to gain a sense of fulfilment and provided a convenient and safe option to volunteer. This study is particularly interesting as it demonstrates that many benefits of volunteering [14] can be obtained online and outside the clinical context. Both modalities were perceived to offer skill development and offer benefits for volunteers’ future professions, espe - cially those interested in paediatrics as a speciality. The opportunity to socialise through online volun - teering was essential, particularly at a time where there were limited social interactions and poor mental health [21]. Online volunteering is helpful when there are no viable alternatives, for example, due to lockdowns or to engage with children who are at high medical risk [22]. Furthermore, whilst to the authors’ knowledge there have been no studies on the impact of online commu - nity non-clinical volunteering on student wellbeing dur - ing the pandemic, previous studies have highlighted that volunteering in hospital settings during the pandemic increased university students’ sense of wellbeing [14]. This is, in part, due to the feeling of being helpful dur - ing the COVID-19 pandemic [14] – a very similar finding to this study. Volunteering may also have supported stu - dents in feeling as though they belonged to a community, which is particularly important at times of social isola - tion. Nevertheless, volunteers did suggest that this sense of enjoyment and community was greater in-person than online. Furthermore, only a subset of ICSM-TBH volun - teers took part in this research; these may be volunteers who are highly engaged with the society and therefore demonstrate a stronger sense of enjoyment and commu - nity than less committed volunteers. An important consideration is the impact of screen - time on volunteers’ health and wellbeing. During the pandemic, most teaching was online, and overall screen - time increased. The introduction of online volunteering" 434 W4362528862.pdf 0 "KO CM KO FAWT CM WT FA-dyeA KO CM KO FAWT CM WT FA-dyeC B Figure S1: HILPDA-dependent fatty acid storage. A) FACS analysis of BODIPY 493/503 stained MEFs in complete media (CM) or loaded with fatty acids (FA) for 24h. B) Fractional distribution of lipid droplet diameters in MEFs grown in complete media or FA loaded. Small: <150nm, Intermediate: 150-650nm, Large: >650nm. C) Nile Red staining of HCT116 HILPDA WT and KO cells following loading with FA for 24h. D) FACS analysis of BODIPY 493/503 stained HILPDA WT and KO HCT116 cells in complete media or FA loaded for 24h. WTKOD" 435 W2002892844.pdf 0 "Synergistic Effects of Polyphenols and Methylxanthines with Leucine on AMPK/Sirtuin-Mediated Metabolism in Muscle Cells and Adipocytes Antje Bruckbauer *, Michael B. Zemel Research and Development, NuSirt Sciences Incorporated, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America Abstract The AMPK-Sirt1 pathway is an important regulator of energy metabolism and therefore a potential target for prevention and therapy of metabolic diseases. We recently demonstrated leucine and its metabolite b-hydroxy- b-methylbutyrate (HMB) to synergize with low-dose resveratrol (200 nM) to activate sirtuin signaling and stimulate energy metabolism. Here we show that leucine exerts a direct effect on Sirt1 kinetics, reducing its Km for NAD+by.50% and enabling low doses of resveratrol to further activate the enzyme (p = 0.012). To test which structure elements of resveratrol are necessary forsynergy, we assessed potential synergy of structurally similar and dissimilar polyphenols as well as other compoundsconverging on the same pathways with leucine using fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as screening tool. Dose-response curves for FAO were constructed and the highest non-effective dose (typically 1–10 nM) was used with either leucine (0.5 mM) or HMB (5mM) to treat adipocytes and myotubes for 24 h. Significant synergy was detected for stilbenes with FAO increase in adipocytes by 60–70% (p ,0.05) and in myotubes .2000% (p ,0.01). Sirt1 and AMPK activities were stimulated by ,65% (p,0.001) and ,50% (p,0.03), respectively. Similarly, hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives (chlorogenic, cinnamic, and ferulic acids) combined with leucine/HMB increased FAO (300–1300%, p ,0.01), AMPK activity (50–150%, p ,0.01), and Sirt1 activity ( ,70%, p,0.001). In contrast, more complex polyphenol structures, such as ellagic acid and epigallocatechin gallate required higher concentrations ( .1mM) and exhibited little or no synergy. Thus, the six-carbon ring structure bound to a carboxylic group seems to be a necessary element for leucine/HMB synergy with other stilbenes and hydroxycinnamic acids to stimulate AMPK/Sirt1 dependent FAO; these effects occur at concentrations that produce no independent effects and are readily achievable via oral administration. Citation: Bruckbauer A, Zemel MB (2014) Synergistic Effects of Polyphenols and Methylxanthines with Leucine on AMPK/Sirtuin-Mediated Metabolism in Muscle Cells and Adipocytes. PLoS ONE 9(2): e89166. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089166 Editor: Krisztian Stadler, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, United States of America Received September 11, 2013; Accepted January 16, 2014; Published February 14, 2014 Copyright: /C2232014 Bruckbauer, Zemel. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This project was internally funded by NuSirt Sciences, Inc. No external sponsors or funders were involved. The funder NuSirt Sciences Inc. played no r ole in study design, data collection and analysis, and the preparation of the manuscript. The funder approved the publication of the manuscript. Competing Interests: Both authors are employees and stockholders of NuSirt Sciences, Inc, and hold patents related to the reported research, as noted in the Competing Interests section of the online submission. In addition, this research was supported by NuSirt Sciences, Inc., This does not alter the auth ors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. * E-mail: abruckbauer@nusirt.com Introduction AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the sirtuins Sirt1 and Sirt3 are well-known key sensors of energy status andregulators of glucose and lipid metabolism [1–3]. They work in afinely tuned network with the peroxisome proliferator activatedreceptor cco-activator 1 a(PGC-1 a) to regulate mitochondrial proliferation and metabolism and energy expenditure [4,5].Accordingly, this network appears to be a strong target forprevention and control of metabolic diseases such as obesity anddiabetes. The polyphenol resveratrol (Resv), found in the skin of red grapes and other fruits, has been reported to be a Sirt1 activator,mimicking the effects of caloric restriction on life span, oxidativeand inflammatory stress, as well as improving insulin sensitivityand reducing adiposity [6,7]. However, Sirt1 activation by Resvhas been suggested by some to be a measurement artifact, as direct Sirt1 activation demonstrated with a fluorophore-linked enzyme activity assay (Fleur-de-Lys assay) was dependent on the presenceof the fluorophore [8,9]. In contrast, recent data indicates that,depending on the substrate, the fluorophore was substituting for endogenously present hydrophobic amino acids such as leucine tolink Resv with the substrate to activate Sirt1 [10]. In addition,there is evidence for an indirect Sirt1 activation mediated byinhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterase, which results in upregulationof AMPK and a subsequent increase in NAD +levels [11]. However, this was shown to be the case only at high concentra-tions (50 mM) that are not achieved invivo, while lower concentrations lead to direct Sirt1 activation [12]. Thus, thesedifferent modes of action may explain reports of Resv’s dose- andtime- dependent effects, which lead to different outcomes in cell and animal studies. However, studies in humans are very limited and results from cell and animals studies are not readily translated,since, due to the low bioavailability of Resv, plasma concentrationsachieved with oral supplementation are much lower than thoseused in vitro . We have previously demonstrated that the branched-chain amino acid leucine (Leu), as well as its metabolites b-hydroxy- b- methylbutyrate (HMB) and a-ketoisocaproate (KIC), directly activate recombinant human Sirt1 enzyme by 30 to 100% [13]. PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 1 February 2014 | Volume 9 | Issue 2 | e89166" 436 W4309822026.pdf 29 "used for data assimilation is thus recommended, assigning information about the statistical properties of the heterogeneity that is available. 5 Conclusions In this study, the ensemble Kalman filter was applied to a three-dimensional hillslope model to assimilate soil moisture. The augmented state vector approach was used to investigate the influence of parameter updates on the soil moisture estimates. To 605 this purpose two reference models were created, one with a homogeneous soil and the other one with two heterogeneous soil layers. These models provided synthetic observations for the assimilation and validation of the data assimilation runs. A previous sensitivity analysis revealed the saturated hydraulic conductivity, porosity and the van Genuchten model param- etersαandnto be the most sensitive parameters with respect to soil moisture while the remaining parameters had a negligible influence. An ensemble was generated for each reference model by perturbing the four sensitive parameters representing the 610 uncertainty of these parameters. Then, a data assimilation run was performed for each possible combination of parameter up- dates to investigate the impact of the individual parameter updates on the soil moisture estimates. It was shown that for both scenarios, homogeneous and heterogeneous, the joint update of states (soil moisture) and the uncertain parameters improved the soil moisture estimates compared to runs without parameter updates. While updating the saturated hydraulic conductivity turned out to be less important, the update of porosity and the van Genuchten model parameters were essential. Furthermore, 615 the parameter updates improved the numerical stability of the ensemble resulting in a reduction of run time and consumed computational resources. It was further shown that a simplified representation of the heterogeneous soil structure leads to sig- nificantly worse estimates of local soil moisture values and filter divergence while it gave comparable results for estimates of averaged soil moisture when including parameter updates. Ignoring heterogeneous structures in data assimilation is therefore only recommended if the aim of the model is to estimate cumulative quantities. 620 One issue that we encountered is that the improvement by the filter updates in heterogeneous soils is mostly limited to the observation locations and a small area around them. Estimates at more distant locations are still highly uncertain after the assimilation. More information is needed to overcome this problem. This can be achieved by using a denser measurement network. However, it is hardly feasible to install a monitoring network with the required density in a real field application. Instead, the additional assimilation of remotely sensed data or observations from cosmic ray probes can be an option. Besides, 625 the studies by e.g. Shi et al. (2015) and Zhang et al. (2018) indicate that additional measurements of groundwater level may help improve the soil moisture estimates. Generally, the present study has shown that whenever the soil structure can be represented accurately in the ensemble (as e.g. in homogeneous soils), parameter updates are able to improve state estimates with optimally conditioned parameter estimates reducing the model error caused by parameter uncertainty significantly. Yet, soil heterogeneity produces additional uncertainty 630 in the model which needs to be accounted for. In this work, this was done by updating the fully heterogeneous parameter fields. Thus, the assimilation can reduce the model error caused by the soil heterogeneity as much as the observations allow for. By applying a simplified soil structure, this error can only be reduced to a very limited extent due to the insufficient degrees 30https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-311 Preprint. Discussion started: 26 September 2022 c Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4.0 License. " 437 W4285817503.pdf 1 " 102 Arranz et al. 2022 - LimnoFish 8 (2): 101-115 Introduction Arctic biomes have been profoundly modified by global warming as the increased air temperature and ice cover retreat have altered the structure and functioning of food webs (Quinlan et al. 2005; Kortsch et al. 2015; Coumou et al. 2018). Arctic charr (Salve linus alpinus , hereafter charr) plays a key role in structuring Arctic food webs by interacting across multiple trophic levels, coupling benthic –pelagic compartments and maintaining community stability (Eloranta et al. 2013; Jeppesen et al. 2017). So far, however, the combined impact of lake morphology and ecological interactions with other sympatric fish species is a little studied subject, although it may determine the charr population structure in species - poor oligotrophic high -latitude lakes (Eloranta e t al. 2015; Knudsen et al. 2016). Arctic food webs are relevant model systems for evaluating ecological interactions because of their relatively low species diversity and simple structure (Jeppesen et al. 2017; Rolls et al. 2017). In Greenland lakes, charr is commonly the sole fish species, but it often lives in sympatry with three -spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus , hereafter stickleback) at lower latitudes in Greenland (Wootton 1985; Laske et al. 2019). However, the strength of the charr and stick leback interactions is body -size dependent because charr undergoes ontogenetic trophic shifts following a positive trophic -level –body -size relationship (i.e., trophic level increasing with body size), as demonstrated by many animal taxa but particularly by salmonids (McCann et al. 2005; Romanuk et al. 2011) . Typically, adult charr is the top predator in Arctic food webs, feeding on small - sized fish species such as sticklebacks (Jeppesen et al. 2017), but cannibalism among charr also occurs (Amundsen 2016). Given that young and small -sized charr may share sim ilar food resources with sticklebacks in the littoral zone, small -sized charr and sticklebacks are usually segregated by microhabitat feeding site selection, with sticklebacks feeding on small benthic microcrustaceans and small charr usually on chironomids or zooplankton (Jørgensen and Klemetsen 1995). Given the fact that sticklebacks affect the ontogenetic niche shifts of other salmonids such as brown trout Salmo trutta (Sánchez -Hernández et al. 2017), stickleback presence might influence the trophic posit ion (TP) of charr populations in Arctic lakes. A key environmental factor controlling the ecological interactions among species is habitat morphology – defined as the ecosystem size or the space where a species performs its ecological activities (Connell 1 961). Controlling for environmental conditions is important to understand ecological interactions, as e.g. interspecific competition strength may change due to the la ”ke morphology (Post et al. 2000; Eloranta et al. 2015). Lake morphology has been observed as a key driver of charr TP, in which charr populations display high foraging plasticity and occupy different niches at large ecosystem size (Adams and Huntingford 2002; Eloranta et al. 2015; Doenz et al. 2019). Moreover, lake morphology modifies the cros s-habitat linkages between littoral and pelagic food web compartments and the charr food resources ( Murdoch and Power 2013; Eloranta et al. 2015). However, conflicting effects of lake morphology on the food chain length have been observed because of the co mplexity of food webs (Eloranta et al. 2010; Murdoch and Power 2013 ) and also due to the lack of studies using the same compositional communities. Therefore, it is a priority to develop approaches that are universal enough to include the differences in env ironmental conditions among lakes in order to identify general mechanisms driving changes in the trophic ecology in fish. In the present study, we investigated the role of lake morphology and ecological interactions with sticklebacks on charr TP in Arctic lakes and, with this, the food web structure and food chain length. The studied Arctic lakes are excellent model systems for assessing trophic interactions under both allopatric (only charr populations) and sympatric (charr populations co -occurring with st icklebacks) community compositions. We used a Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Model ( i) to estimate the TP (from δ15N and δ13C) of the two fish species in nine Greenland lakes and ( ii) to assess the effects of lake morphology and stickleback presence on the TP of the model organism. We hypothesized that lake morphology (defined here as the living space where a species performs their ecological activities; Connell 1961) would be positively related to the food chain length, resulting in enhanced TP of the top predator; i.e., the ecosystem -size hypothesis (Post et al. 2000; Eloranta et al. 2015). We also tested the hypothesis that the ecological role of charr would be influenced by lake morphology through biotic interactions triggering ontogenetic shifts (hereafter the trophic - ontogenetic hypothesis; Sánchez -Hernández et al. 2017; Ka hilainen et al. 2019; Klobucar and Budy 2020). To support this hypothesis, we predicted that the TP and population density of sticklebacks would trigger a switch to charr trophic level during their ontogeny/development, leading to a higher TP. Materials an d Methods Study Site Nine lakes were studied along the coast of western Greenland (latitudinal and longitudinal gradients 64°  76°N and 51° 54°E, respectively;" 438 W2965397497.pdf 3 "38. 2019. . 127 - [19, 231]. [28, 6]. IV) - [25, 773]. - - - [21, 185-186]." 439 W3021931547.pdf 5 "unc-31 ;wwEx66 dcap-1 ;unc-31 ;wwEx66Days of adulthoodRelative Intensity Total ins-7p::gfp fluorescence (unc-31 background) C 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110123456 unc-13 ;wwEx66 dcap-1 ;unc-13 ;wwEx66Days of adulthoodRelative Intensity Total ins-7p::gfp fluorescence (unc-13 background) D 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110123456 ****** ** ins-7 ;wwEx66 dcap-1 ;ins-7 ;wwEx66Days of adulthoodRelative Intensity Total ins-7p::gfp fluorescence (ins-7 background) F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150123456 Days of adulthood%Survival Post-developmental ins-7 RNAi H 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40020406080100 wt wt; ins-7(RNAi) ** synEx345 ;ins-7 (RNAi)synEx345 ns Relative mRNA levels ins-7 daf-28 ins-33 ins-1 ins-6wt dcap-1 synEx293 A 1 day 9 days 1 day 9 days 1 day 9 days 1 day 9 days 1 day 9 days13579111315 ***** 0 wt; wwEx66 dcap-1 ;wwEx66Days of adulthoodRelative Intensity Total ins-7p::gfp fluorescence B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1502460246 *********** ** ** * Neuonal ins-7p::gfp fluorescence E Relative mRNA levels ins-7(mRNA) 9 days old wt dcap-1dcap-1; synEx293dcap-1; synEx328***** 01234 1 day 9 days02468Relative mRNA levels**G Neuronal ins-7(mRNA) dcap-1;ins-7;synEx478 ins-7;synEx478 Figure 3. Neuronal dcap-1 regulates ins-7 expression to control longevity. ( A) mRNA levels of lifespan-regulating ILPs in young (1 day old) and mid- aged (9 days old) wt, dcap-1 and neuronal dcap-1 overexpressing worms. ( B) Fluorescence intensity of ins-7p::gfp reporter in whole worms or head neurons of wt and dcap-1 animals. ( C–D) Total fluorescence intensity of ins-7p::gfp reporter in neurosecretion defective unc-31 orunc-13 mutants. ( E) ins-7 mRNA levels in 9 days old worms overexpressing dcap-1::gfp in neurons ( synEx293 ) or intestine ( synEx328 ). (F) Total fluorescence intensity of ins- 7p::gfp reporter in ins-7 mutants. ( G)ins-7 mature mRNA/pre-mRNA ratio in ins-7 and dcap-1;ins-7 animals that carry a neuronally expressed unc-119p:: ins-7 transgene. ( H) Lifespan of wt and neuronal dcap-1 overexpressing worms sensitized for neuronal RNAi during post-developmental ins-7 RNAi knockdown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. Error bars indicate mean ±SD. Unpaired t-test ( A–G); Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test ( F). The online version of this article includes the following source data and figure supplement(s) for figure 3: Source data 1. Lifespan replicates of worms exposed to ins-7 RNAi at 20˚C. Source data 2. Figure 3A, E and G andFigure 3—figure supplement 6 . Source data 3. Figure 3B, C, D and F andFigure 3—figure supplement 2A . Figure supplement 1. Transcriptional activity of ins-7 promoter is significantly increased in dcap-1 mutants. Figure supplement 2. Mutation of dcap-1 does not affect the expression of a ges-1p::gfp transgene. Figure supplement 3. Transcriptional activity of ins-7 promoter is not increased in dcap-1 mutants when unc-31 is missing. Figure supplement 4. Transcriptional activity of ins-7 promoter in unc-31 mutants is further induced upon daf-16 knockdown. Figure supplement 5. Transcriptional activity of ins-7 promoter is significantly increased in dcap-1 mutants independently of unc-13 . Figure supplement 6. Transcriptional activity of ins-7 promoter is not increased in dcap-1 mutants when ins-7 gene product is missing. Figure supplement 7. The ratio of eft-3 mature mRNA/pre-mRNA is not affected by dcap-1 mutation. Borbolis et al. eLife 2020;9:e53757. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.53757 6 of 23Research article Genetics and Genomics" 440 W4391463580.pdf 3 "2)If the current item has P < h, then the algorithm trig- gers a decision round, assessing a posterior probabil - ity kP that takes the evidence of the subsequent item of the list into account. 2.1 If the current item has kP ≥ h, then the posterior probability is accepted as the new prior. Go back to step 1. 2.2 If the current item has kP < h, then 2.2.1 If more subsequent items are available, go back to step 2.1 and repeat the process by using the posterior probability as the new prior and incorporating the new evidence. 2.2.2 If no more subsequent items are available, then the OG root is found at the ancestral node that does not include the common ancestor to the current and all subsequent items of the list. The bridge algorithm uses the posterior probabilities as weights, aggregating the predictions into a weighted average ensemble model. Given the current item m and the subsequent items of the ordered list of branches (i = m, …, n), the posterior probability kP is given by: kP(O†B, data) =Xn i=mP(O†B i,data)·P(B i†data) (2) where P(O|B i, data) is the probability of occurrence of an ortholog O given a branch Bi and the observed data. This probability is calculated within each branch separately (see Equation (1)). P(B i|data) is the posterior probability of branch Bi given the observed data, which is calculated during the decision rounds for the branch model selection. Whenever a posterior probability is accepted as the new prior (see step 2.1), a “bridge” is included in the evolution - ary model, thus reconciling the phyletic pattern up to that point of the loop. This acceptance step effectively bridges the current item of the loop with the next one, allowing the algorithm to explore additional evidence that might root the ortholog at more ancestral nodes of the tree. Uncertainty of Root Placement After placing the OG root at the given ancestral node of the tree, then the bridge algorithm proceeds to estimate uncer - tainty regarding the root placement, which represents the optimal point that splits the probability distribution into 2 branch ensembles: one enriched with the queried OG (i.e. all branches supporting a vertical heritage pattern) and an- other one with low evidence in favor of the OG's presence (say branch ensembles M and N, respectively). Given M (i = 1, …, m) and N (i = m + 1, …, n), a consistency score D is calculated by aggregating these 2 ensembles as follows: M=Xm i=1P(O†B i,data)·P(B i†data) (3) N=Xn i=m+1P(O†B i,data)·P(B i†data) (4) D=M−N (5) A B C Fig. 3. The performance of the bridge algorithm to predict roots for 300 simulated random ROGs. a) An uncertainty of root placement. Each data point displays a consistency score (D) along with the associated P-value (on a −log10 scale) calculated for a simulated ROG. A low P-value (green circles) indicates that the predicted root is supported by a phyletic pattern in the data. Each ROG was simulated using default parameters of the simulateRogs() function available in the GeneBridge package. b) Three confusion matrices showing ROG's roots predicted by the bridge algorithm for varying penalty factors. The ROG simulation generated reference roots by modeling ideal vertical heritage patterns. These patterns were then subjected to random gain and loss events at fixed probability levels. The simulation used a random phylogenetic tree with 7 possible roots, referred to as classes. c) Performance plots depicting balanced accuracy across the different root classes, using a fixed penalty factor in the bridge algorithm, while varying gain and loss probabilities in the ROG simulation. A detailed reproduction of the simulation is provided in the vignette of the GeneBridge package.Campos et al.·https://doi.org/10 .1093/molbev/ms ae019 TGKDownloaded from https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/41/2/msae019/7596672 by guest on 18 May 2024 " 441 W2972676464.pdf 24 "References 1. B. D. Bue et al., “Leveraging in-scene spectra for vegetation species discrimination with MESMA-MDA, ”ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 108,3 3–48 (2015). 2. K. L. Dudley et al., “A multi-temporal spectral library approach for mapping vegetation species across spatial and temporal phenological gradients, ”Remote Sens. Environ. 167, 121–134 (2015). 3. W. Kong et al., “Application of hyperspectral imaging to detect sclerotinia sclerotiorum on oilseed rape stems, ”Sensors 18(1), 123 (2018). 4. P. Schmitter et al., “Unsupervised domain adaptation for early detection of drought stress in hyperspectral images, ”ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 131,6 5–76 (2017). 5. K. 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( 38)–(39), remembering qd=R2−t2and finally understanding by x(q)only its non-trivial part in the interval q0,qk we arrive to the following Proposition 2.1 Given the values of real parameters R >0andμ> 1, consider the func- tional φ[x(q);q0,qk,t]=μln⎩parenleftbig 1+β⎩bracketleftbig /Phi1(R2)−/Phi1(qk+t2)⎩bracketrightbig⎩parenrightbig −ln(R2−t2−qk) +μβ⎩bracketleftbig σ2+/Phi1(R2)−2/Phi1(Rt)+/Phi1(q0+t2)⎩bracketrightbig 1+β⎩bracketleftbig /Phi1(R2)−/Phi1(qk+t2)⎩bracketrightbig +β⎩integraltextqk q0x(u)/Phi1/prime(u+t2)du −q0 R2−t2−qk+⎩integraltextqk q0x(u)du +μβ⎩integraldisplayqk q0/Phi1/prime(q+t2)dq 1+β⎩bracketleftbig /Phi1(R2)−/Phi1(qk+t2)⎩bracketrightbig +β⎩integraltextqk qx(u)/Phi1/prime(u+t2)du −⎩integraldisplayqk q0dq R2−t2−qk+⎩integraltextqk qx(u)du, (47) which depends on the parameters −R≤t≤R, and 0≤q0≤qk2000μm 2 were scanned to obtain the averaged dislocation density. Transmittance (T ) and re flectance (R ) were characterized in a Lambda 950 Spectrophotometer from PerkinElmer in the wave- length range from 280 to 1200 nm.Table 1. Structural properties of two generations of GaInP/GaAs/Si triple- junction solar cells. Gen II has been presented in a previous publication.[6] Gen II Gen IV Si bottom cell Base resistivity 2Ωcm 20Ωcm Miscut 2/C14toward (111) 6/C14toward (111) Surface finish CMP Stock Polish Step graded buffer GaAs yP1/C0y AlxGa1/C0xAsyP1/C0y Protection layer – 5 nm GaAs GaAs middle cell 760 nm 790 nm GaInP top cell 390 nm 400 nm ARC Ta 2O5/MgF 79 nm/110 nm 65 nm/110 nm Figure 1. AFM scans (2 /C22μm2) of a) a CMP-treated Si surface and b) a Si surface prepared by a low-cost “stock polish ”process developed by Topsil. The latter one is used for the solar cell presented within this work. www.advancedsciencenews.com www.solar-rrl.com Sol. RRL 2021, 5, 2000763 2000763 (2 of 7) © 2021 The Authors. Solar RRL published by Wiley-VCH GmbH" 455 W2963448028.pdf 10 "Cancers 2019 ,11, 1040 11 of 18 18. Levin, A.M.; Bates, D.L.; Ring, A.M.; Krieg, C.; Lin, J.T.; Su, L.; Moraga, I.; Raeber, M.E.; Bowman, G.R.; Novick, P .; et al. Exploiting a natural conformational switch to engineer an interleukin-2 ‘superkine’. Nature 2012 ,484, 529–533. [CrossRef] 19. Silva, D.A.; Yu, S.; Ulge, U.Y.; Spangler, J.B.; Jude, K.M.; Labao-Almeida, C.; Ali, L.R.; Quijano-Rubio, A.; Ruterbusch, M.; Leung, I.; et al. De novo design of potent and selective mimics of IL-2 and IL-15. Nature 2019 ,565, 186–191. [CrossRef] 20. Charych, D.H.; Hoch, U.; Langowski, J.L.; Lee, S.R.; Addepalli, M.K.; Kirk, P .B.; Sheng, D.; Liu, X.; Sims, P .W.; VanderV een, L.A.; et al. NKTR-214, an Engineered Cytokine with Biased IL2 Receptor Binding, Increased Tumor Exposure, and Marked Efficacy in Mouse Tumor Models. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 2016 , 22, 680–690. [CrossRef] 21. 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The multi-functionality of N-809, a novel fusion protein encompassing anti-PD-L1 and the IL-15 superagonist fusion complex. Oncoimmunology 2019 ,8, e1532764. [CrossRef] [PubMed]" 456 W4321390770.pdf 61 "55 Filmin Künyesi: Paisà (Türkçe: Hemşehri) 1946, Roberto Rossellini IMDB ID: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0038823/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0 (Görsel Kaynağı: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/paisan ) Filmin Künyesi: Stromboli 1950, Roberto Rossellini IMDB ID: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0041931/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_1 (Görsel Kaynağı: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/stromboli) Filmin Künyesi: Umberto D. 1952, Vittorio De Sica IMDB ID: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0045274/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0 (Görsel Kaynağı: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Umberto-D- Carlo - Battisti/dp/B01HN80IK8 ) " 457 W3207995493.pdf 0 "Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research, 2021, Vol. 7, No. 3, P.116 -129 pISSN: 2356 -9174, eISSN: 2356 -9182 116 Received: July 2 6, 2021. Accepted: September 1 8, 2021. Published: September 2 9, 2021 BioBacta Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research www.jbaar.org T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) : Correlation with Clinical Manifestation Abeer M. El -Maghraby1, Yasser B.M. Ali2, Eman A. El -maadawy2, Mohamed F. Elshal2, Iman H Bassyouni3, Islam M El -Garawani1, Roba M. Talaat2 1Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El -Kom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt; dr.garawani@science.menofia.edu.eg ; 2Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt. dr_abeer_elmaghraby@yahoo.com , eman.anwr@gebri.usc.edu.eg , yasser.ali@gebri.usc.edu.eg , mohamed.elshal@gebri.usc.edu.eg 3Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. iman.bassyouni@kasralainy.edu.eg Corresponding author: Dr. Roba M. Talaat. Prof. of Molecular Immunology, Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Egypt. Fax: +2 048 260 1266/68 Tel. +2 048 260 1264/65 E-mail address: roba.talaat@gebri.usc.edu.eg Running Title: T-lymphocyte regulation in SLE patients DOI: 10.21608/jbaar.2021.198735 Abstract AIM: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that has a multifactorial etiology. T- Lymphocytes are essential in SLE pathogenesis . It plays a crucial role in autoantibody production and the subsequent immune complex formation, which may induce or directly damage multiple organs. This study was carried out aiming to quantify certain T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) in SLE patients and to elucidate if there is a possible influence of disease activity scores and clinical manifestations . Patients and Methods: This study included 100 SLE patients with various disease activity scores (SLEDAI) and 100 healthy age and sex -matched controls . The frequency of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ was assessed by flow cytometry. Results: A significant up -regulation in CD3+ (P<0.01), CD8+ (P<0. 001) coincides with a significant downregulation in CD4+cells (P<0.0 01) were detected in SLE patients compared to controls. A significant up -regulation in CD4+ (P<0.05) was demonstrated in active S LE patients compared with the inactive form of the disease. On the other hand, n o significant change was observed in the frequenc y of CD3+ and CD8+T cell sub sets between active and inactive patients. Arthritic patients have a significant reduction in CD3+ and CD4+ T cells while those with Vasculities significant ly reduce in CD4+, CD8+ compared with SLE patients without these manifestations. " 458 W3208105146.pdf 1 "Vaccines 2021 ,9, 1236 2 of 15 more attention in recent years based on its efficiency of inducing systemic and mucosal immune responses; including humoral and CTL responses in both mucosal and extra- mucosal tissues [ 5–13]. In HIV vaccine development, sublingual vaccination with an HIV subunit vaccine can induce strong mucosal immune responses evidenced by high levels of antibodies and CTLs detected in the mouse female genital tract [ 6]. By using adenoviral vector encoding HIV-Gag or HIV-envelope gp120 (Env), sublingual immunization can elicit both mucosal and systemic immunity against HIV [ 7,8]. These data indicate the sublingual immunization route is a promising route for mucosal vaccine development. Studies have found that antigen size and repetitive structure are critical factors for efficient antigen presentation to B cells, and that the particulate antigens such as virus-like particles (VLPs) are better antigens than soluble proteins [ 14,15]. VLPs have therefore shown dramatic effectiveness as candidate vaccines [ 14,16–18]. We have previously pro- duced a chimeric CD40L/SHIV VLPs (simian-human immunodeficiency virus-like parti- cles) using a baculovirus expression system which contains SIV Gag, HIV gp160 envelope (cleaved to gp41 and gp120), and CD40 ligand (CD40L) by taking advantage of existing knowledge about CD40/CD40L interactions between T cells and DCs which are critical for the induction and regulation of immune responses. We showed that chimeric CD40L/SHIV VLPs were able to induce enhanced immune responses in mice both by targeting HIV anti- gens to DCs and also by activating DCs for T cell activation. Enhanced mucosal humoral and cellular immune responses can be achieved by intranasal immunization in the mouse model by the chimeric CD40L/SHIV VLPs [ 19]. Therefore, the mucosal immunogenicity of particulate sized immunogen such as VLPs should be explored in sublingual immunization route. In order to enhance the delivery of antigen to the oral-sub-mucosal and encounter DCs, we hypothesized that modified VLPs that specifically target the oral mucosal epithelium will facilitate antigen delivery and therefore enhance antigen presentation and the adaptive immune response. C1q is the first subcomponent of the C1 complex involved in the classical pathway of complement activation and was recently reported to be the ligand of CD91, a multifunctional scavenger and signaling receptor [ 20]. Interestingly, CD91 is reported to be highly expressed by human salivary gland epithelial cells, which makes it a potential specific target for an oral mucosal vaccine [21]. The sub-mucosal layer of the sublingual mucosa contains a dense network of DCs, and DCs rely on a number of specialized receptors to facilitate the uptake and intracellular accumulation of antigens. Studies have demonstrated that the targeted delivery of antigens in vivo to CD91 induces enhanced activation of the adaptive immune system. It was further found that a subset of CD11c+lineage-negative (lin" 459 W2905452096.pdf 4 "Evaluation Method Facebook Metrics Facebook metrics were collected through the Facebook Ads Manager , including reach (ie, the number of users who saw the adverts in their News Feed at least once), link clicks (ie, the number of users who click ed on the advertisement), cost per click (ie, campaign cost divided by the number of link clicks), and relevance (a score out of 10 generated by Facebook, which estimates how well the target audience is responding to the advertisement). Higher relevance scores indicate positi ve user engagement (eg, link clicks), whereas lower scores indicate negative interactions (eg, hiding or reporting an advertisement) [28]. Recruitment Rates and Costs Recruitment rates and costs were calculated following the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surv eys (CHERRIES) [29]. The CHERRIES frame work is designed to guide the quality reporting of online surveys in the same way as the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement guides the reporting of randomized controlled trials. As such, we report several metrics that speak to the quality and completeness of the data and of the overall feasibility of Facebook recruitment (that is, was a useable sample and dataset obtained?). These include the following: view rate: the ratio of Facebook users who click ed on the advertisement and visited the survey landing page divided by users who saw the advertisement (click to reach ratio); participation rate: the ratio of those who consented to participate divided by the number of visitors to the survey landing page (consent to click ratio); and completion rate: the ratio of the number of people who completed the survey divided by those who consented to participate (completion to consent ratio). Cost per consent and cost per completer for each campaign were also derived. It was not possible to calculate the view rates or response rates for our free recruitment strate gies. Determining Sample Representativ eness Comparison data were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSA C), Kinder garten (K) cohort (child age: 4-5 years at recruitment in 2004). Full sample details, design, and field methods are published elsewhere [30]. Briefly , LSAC emplo yed a 2-stage cluster sampling design using Australian postcodes and Australia’ s universal health insurance database (Medicare Australia) to recruit parents through a mailout. The LSAC sample is considered broadly representati ve of all Australian children and their parents. Data are collected biennially (since 2004) via a face-to-f ace intervie w with parents and a parent-report questionnaire [31,32]. Data from emplo yed parents were compared with this study’ s sample on baseline demographic characteristics and primary outcome measures at 3 waves: wave 1 (child age: 4-5 years), wave 4 (child age: 10-11 years), and wave 6 (child age: 14-15 years). The demographic characteristics used for comparison were marital status (married or de facto; single); country of birth (born outside Australia; born in Australia); education (with or without tertiary qualif ication); and neighborhood disadvanta ge, assessed using the Socio-Economic Index of Areas (SEIF A)Disadv antage score [33]. Postcodes provided by the participants were matched with the corresponding SEIF A score (Australian mean 1000). To assess for self-selection bias, we also compared participants on the 2 main survey measures: work-f amily conflict and psychological distress. Work-family conflict was measured using 4 items on a 5-point scale, from 1=“strongly disagree” to 5=“strongly agree”, adapted from Marshall and Barnett [34] and used widely in Australian research (eg, [35,36]). Scores across the 4 items were averaged, with higher scores indicating greater work-f amily conflict (alpha=.67). Psychological distress was assessed using the K6 [37] on a 5-point scale, from 1=“none of the time” to 5=“all of the time”. Responses were summed (range 6-30), with higher scores indicating greater psychological distress (alpha=.87). Statistical Analyses To determine Facebook recruitment rates and costs (Aim 1), survey data were exported from Qualtrics into StataSE14 (StataCorp) [38] and the number of consenting participants and completed surveys were summarized by the recruitment source (identif ied by the unique survey URLs). Facebook campaign costs were then summarized by the number of participants who provided consent (cost per consent) and the number of participants who completed the survey (ie, reached the end of the survey and click ed submit ; cost per completer). To assess sample representati veness (Aim 2), baseline (T1) demographic characteristics were compared with LSAC waves 1, 4, and 6. Only emplo yed parents from the LSAC sample were used, to provide a meaningful comparison. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare continuous variables (ie, work-f amily conflict, psychological distress, neighborhood disadv antage), and chi-square tests were used to compare categorical variables (ie, educational attainment, marital status, country of birth). To assess participant retention (Aim 3), the number of participants who completed the follow-up survey (ie, reached the end of the survey and click ed submit ) were compared with those who consented to be recontacted and with those who consented to the initial study . Demographic characteristics of T1 and T2 participants were compared using independent samples t-tests and chi-square tests, as appropriate. Results Survey Recruitment (T1) After a 15-week recruitment period, there were a total of 6653 clicks on the survey link, resulting in 5378 eligible participants consenting and commencing the T1 survey. Of these 5378, 4665 (86.74%) participants completed the survey (ie, pressed submit at the end of the survey) and a further 532 (9.89%) participants provided partial data (ie, exited before pressing submit ); however, 181 (3.37%) participants provided consent but did not answer any questions. The proportion of consenting participants who provided complete, partial, or no data did not differ for the paid and free methods. Of the 4665 participants who provided complete data, 3440 (73.74%) were recruited through the 20 paid Facebook advertising campaigns, 79 (1.69%) through other paid online advertising, 782 (16.76%) through free Facebook advertising, and 364 (7.80%) through J Med Internet Res 2019 | vol. 21 | iss. 3 | e11206 | p. 5 https://www .jmir.org/2019/3/e11206/ (page number not for citation purposes)Bennetts et al JOURN AL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH XSL•FO RenderX" 460 W2759608560.pdf 2 "www.nature.com/scientificreports/3 SCIentIfIC REPORTS | (2018) 8:10651 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-28999-2∑∑ τ =− −− . It Wt Eu tt () ()() exp[ () /] (4) siiis synr ev syn The temporal dependence of the synaptic weights accounts for the STP mechanism we discuss later. Each neuron receives both functional synaptic input from other neurons within the network and diffuse back- ground input from external neurons that can be modeled as Poisson spike trains. The latter causes the neuron to fire stochastically. Since, at the level of spikes, the output of a neuron can be considered binary, we associate a binary random variable z k to each neuron. As a neuron never fires within the refractory period, it is natural to set zk = 1 for t tt[, )ks ks refτ ∈+ and 0 otherwise (Fig.  1b). For constant functional synaptic input as defined above, the mean firing rate of such a neuron is proportional to its activation function p (zk = 1). By applying strong background input, we lift neurons into a high-conductance state (HCS)29, which molds their activation function into an approximately logistic shape30: pz u (1 )( ), (5) kkfσα β =≈ − with scaling parameters α and β, where ukf represents the functional, i.e., background-free, membrane potential. Similarly to Gibbs sampling, the functional membrane potential thereby fulfills the local computability condition (equation  2), which is a sufficient computational prerequisite for sampling in neural networks 23,31. The scaling parameters can be derived analytically and allow a direct translation of the BM parameters W and b to the corre- sponding parameters in the biological domain (Methods, Sec. 1). Training. To speed up training, we used RBMs with binary units. As a learning algorithm, we used the coupled adaptive simulated tempering (CAST) method16, which is a version of the wake-sleep algorithm. In CAST, two instances of the RBM are simulated in parallel, with one of them staying at a constant inverse temperature β = 1 for parameter update using persistent contrastive divergence32 (slow chain) and the other one using adaptive simulated tempering (AST)16 for mixing (fast chain). The states of the two RBMs are swapped constantly to help the slow chain jump out of local minima during parameter updating. In AST, states z(t+1) are updated by Gibbs sampling from β|pz()Tt(). After each state update, the temperature is itself updated by an adaptive rule that ensures the algorithm spends a roughly equal amount of time at each value βT. Details of the AST algorithm are described in Table  1. The training hyperparameters for different experiments can be found in Methods Sec. 2. The trained RBM parameters are then mapped to the spiking-network domain as described below28 (see Methods Sec. 1 for more details): αμ ττ =− − −− −   τ ττ τ−− ()W CwE ee1 1(1 )1 , (6)kjkj kj mrev syn1 eff syn effsyn eff where Wkj denotes the peak synaptic conductance (see equation  4), Cm the membrane capacitance, wkj the abstract Boltzmann weight, Ekjrev the corresponding reversal potential, μ the mean free membrane potential, τsyn the syn- aptic time constant and τeff = Cm/〈gtot〉 the (mean) effective membrane time constant. Tempering vs. short-term plasticity. When trained from data, the energy landscape E (z) is shaped in a way that assigns low energy values (modes) to the samples in the training data. If this dataset is composed of very dissimilar classes, training algorithms tend to separate them by high energy barriers16,33. As their height grows during training, Gibbs sampling becomes increasingly ineffective at covering the entire relevant state space, as reflected by a high correlation between consecutive samples caused by the component-wise update of states 16,17,33 ,34. Consequently, a BM would need longer to converge towards its underlying distribution. This prob- lem becomes particularly inconvenient when dealing with complex, real-world data, or when an agent must rely on the prediction of the network to make a fast decision. The ability of a sampling-based generative model to jump across energy barriers, also known as mixing, has therefore received significant attention 16,17,35,36. Many of these methods rely on some version of simulated 1:Given adaptive weights =g{}kkK 1 and the initial configuration of the state z1 at temperature 1, k = 1: 2: for t = 1:T (number of iterations) do 3: Given zt, sample a new state zt+1 from p(z|kt) by Gibbs sampling. 4:Given kt, sample kt+1 from proposal distribution q(kt+1←kt). Accept with probability: min1,pztktqktktgkt pztknqktktgkt(1,1)(1) (1,) (1) 1  ++←+ ++← + 5:Update adaptive adjusting factors: g gI ki iK (1 () ), 1, ,it it tt 11γ =+ == ….++ 6: end for 7:Collect data: Obtain (dependent) samples from target distribution p(z) by keeping k = 1. Table 1. Adaptive simulated tempering." 461 W1996127604.pdf 5 "effect of rs1057035 by the PS software (Power and the Sample Size Calculations version 1.0.17) and found that in the case of OR = 0.65 (dominant model), our sample could reach 78.8% of the statistical efficacy. Secondly, it is a hospital-based case-control study and inherent selection bias cannot be completely excluded. However, we applied a rigorous epidemiological design in selecting study subjects and used further statistical adjustment for known risk factors to minimize potential biases. Thirdly, since the intensity and duration of smoking and drinking were absent in this study, it was difficult to do future analysis for such exposure variables. Last, we only selected miRNA-binding SNPs for genotyping and could not evaluate the relationship between other potentially functional SNPs in miRNA processing genes and HNC risk. Thus, larger, well-designed epidemiological studies with ethnically diverse populations are warranted to confirm and expand our findings.Supporting Information Table S1 The analysis for the effect of variables on ORs in models. NOTE:aLikelihood ratio test was used to check the difference between 22*log Likelihood of the two models.b Compared to the first model including age, gender, smoking and drinking. (DOCX) Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: HM HY NC. Performed the experiments: HM HY ZY. Analyzed the data: RW YJ ZH. Contributedreagents/materials/analysis tools: CY ZH HS. Wrote the paper: HM HYNC. References 1. Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Winn DM, Austin DF, Greenberg RS, et al. (1988) Smoking and drinking in relation to oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res 48: 3282–3287. 2. Vineis P, Alavanja M, Buffler P, Fontham E, Franceschi S, et al. (2004) Tobacco and cancer: recent epidemiological evidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 96: 99–106. 3. da Silva SD, Ferlito A, Takes RP, Brakenhoff RH, Valentin MD, et al. (2011) Advances and applications of oral cancer basic research. Oral Oncol 47: 783– 791. 4. Bartel DP (2004) MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. 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(2008) Single nucleotide polymorphisms of microRNA machinery genes modify the risk of renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 14: 7956–7962. 18. Xu Z, Taylor JA (2009) SNPinfo: integrating GWAS and candidate gene information into functional SNP selection for genetic association studies. Nucleic Acids Res 37: W600–605. 19. Hariharan M, Scaria V, Brahmachari SK (2009) dbSMR: a novel resource of genome-wide SNPs affecting microRNA mediated regulation. BMC Bioinfor- matics 10: 108. 20. Yuan H, Jiang F, Wang R, Shen M, Chen N (2012) Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of E2F-1 suppresses Tca8113 cell proliferation. Mol Med Report 5:420–426. 21. Selever J, Gu G, Lewis MT, Beyer A, Herynk MH, et al. (2011) Dicer-mediated upregulation of BCRP confers tamoxifen resistance in human breast cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 17: 6510–6521. 22. Han L, Zhang A, Zhou X, Xu P, Wang GX, et al. (2010) Downregulation of Dicer enhances tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Int J Oncol 37: 299–305. 23. Ueda R, Kohanbash G, Sasaki K, Fujita M, Zhu X, et al. (2009) Dicer-regulated microRNAs 222 and 339 promote resistance of cancer cells to cytotoxic T- lymphocytes by down-regulation of ICAM-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106: 10746–10751. 24. Karube Y, Tanaka H, Osada H, Tomida S, Tatematsu Y, et al. (2005) Reduced expression of Dicer associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Cancer Sci 96: 111–115. 25. Tatarano S, Chiyomaru T, Kawakami K, Enokida H, Yoshino H, et al. (2012) Novel oncogenic function of mesoderm development candidate 1 and its regulation by MiR-574-3p in bladder cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 40: 951–959. 26. Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Anderson WF, Gillison ML (2008) Incidence trends for human papillomavirus-related and -unrelated oral squamous cell carcinomasin the United States. J Clin Oncol 26: 612–619. 27. Bohnsack MT, Czaplinski K, Gorlich D (2004) Exportin 5 is a RanGTP- dependent dsRNA-binding protein that mediates nuclear export of pre- miRNAs. RNA 10: 185–191. 28. He W, Wang Z, Wang Q, Fan Q, Shou C, et al. (2009) Expression of HIWI in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is significantly associated with poorer prognosis. BMC Cancer 9: 426. 29. Yang H, Dinney CP, Ye Y, Zhu Y, Grossman HB, et al. (2008) Evaluation of genetic variants in microRNA-related genes and risk of bladder cancer. Cancer Res 68: 2530–2537.Genetic Variants and Head and Neck Cancer PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 6 October 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 10 | e47544" 462 W4388704156.pdf 0 "Review of: ""Multiplicity of solutions for nonlocal fractional equations with nonsmooth potentials"" Dhatchinamurthi Tamizharasan 1 1 K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology Potential competing interests: No potential competing interests to declare. A specific category of nonlocal fractional Laplacian problems that involve nonsmooth potential has been reviewed. Then, the utilization of an abstract critical point theorem for nonsmooth functionals developed by Servadei and Valdinoci, and combining it with the analytical framework on fractional Sobolev Space has been well-analyzed. In this paper, the authors mainly focus the existence of at least three weak solutions for nonlocal fractional problems. Also, this work generalizes and improves upon certain results presented in the existing literature. The basic preliminaries of this paper are enough to understand the main result contents. Also, I appreciate the authors for utilizing the existing results to prove their results. In this article, the hypotheses for described functions F, G, and H are well defined and equipped. Page 8 , Remark 3.1 , Check the hypothesis consideration… (H 4 ) is not described. Page 8, the proof of Lemma 3.1 is clearly and remarkably proved. They showed the monotonicity of I' , but I cannot understand that how to showed the fact I' is strictly monotonic from the above result. Lemma 3.2 is proved by using Hahn-Banach theorem to show the result of the lemma. The proof of theorem 3.1, Line 2, please abbreviate the l.s.c. Is this lower semicontinuous? Please describe for getting the equation (3.7) from G 3 and G 4 . The technical part of the theorem is executed well. Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Review, November 15, 2023 Qeios ID: H121Q6 · https://doi.org/10.32388/H121Q6 1 / 1" 463 W2994094954.pdf 17 "88 European Commission (2008). Improving competences for the 21st century: An agenda for European cooperation on schools . Brussels: European Commission. Retreived 15 March 2012 from http:// ec.europa.eu/education/school21/sec2177_en.pdf Fullan, M. (1993). Change forces: Probing the depths of educational reform. London: Falmer Press. Goodlad, J. I. (1991). Why We Need a Complete Redesign of Teacher Education. Educational Leadership , 49(3), 4-6, 8-10. Hargreaves, A. (2003). Teaching in the Knowledge Society: Education in the Age of Insecurity. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. G. (1992). Understanding Teacher Development . New Y ork: Cassell. Hytonen, J., Pucko, C., & Smyth G. (2003). The restructuring of teacher education – a case study from Slovenia. The Three C’s: Clarity, Consistency and Commitment. Norma , 9(2-3), 25-38. Huizen, P ., Oers, B., & Wubbels, T. (2005). A Vygotskian perspective on teacher education. Journal of Curriculum Studies , 37(3), 267-290. Ikonomi, E., Musai, B., & Sotirofski, K. (2010). Mapping policies and practices for the preparation of teachers for inclusive education in contexts of social and cultural diversity – Albania country report. Turin: European Training Foundation. Kafedžić, L., Pribišev Beleslin, T., & Džemidžić Kristiansen, S. (2010). Mapping policies and practices for the preparation of teachers for inclusive education in contexts of social and cultural diversity – Bosnia and Herzegovina country report. Turin: European Training Foundation.Kidd, J. K., Sanchez, S. Y ., & Thorp, E. K. (2008). Defining moments: Developing culturally responsive dispositions and teaching practices in early childhood pre-service teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education , 24, 316-329. Leclercq, J.-M. (1996). Teachers in a Context of Change. European Journal of Education, 31(1), 73-84.Macura-Milovanović, S., Gera, I., & Kovačević, M. (2010). Mapping policies and practices for the preparation of teachers for inclusive education in contexts of social and cultural diversity – Serbia country report. Turin: European Training Foundation. Macura-Milovanović, S., Pantić, N., & Closs, A. (2012). The rationale for a wider concept of Inclusive Education for teacher education: A case-study of Serbia. Prospects , 42, 19-39. Margalef Garcia, L. (2011). Encouraging Teachers’ and Students’ Innovation with the Support of Teacher Learning Communities. Ceps Journal, 1(1), 133-152. Milić, T., Marić, A., Bošković, V ., & Šćepović, V . (2010). Mapping policies and practices for the preparation of teachers for inclusive education in contexts of social and cultural diversity – Montenegro country report. Turin: European Training Foundation. Miclea, M. (2003). Institutional-Level Reform and the Bologna Process: The Experience of Nine Universities in South East Europe. Higher Education in Europe, 28 (3), 259-272. Miller, P ., & Stayton, V . (2006). Interdisciplinary teaming in teacher preparation’ . Teacher Education and Special Education , 29(1), 56-68. Niemi, H. (2011). Educating Student Teachers to Become High Quality Professionals – A Finnish Case. CEPS Journal, 1(1), 43-65.teacher education and higher education reforms" 464 W2997293043.pdf 0 "Intern ational Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol. 10, No. 3, June 2020, pp. 2997~3006 ISSN: 2088 -8708 , DOI: 10.11591/ ijece .v10i3.pp2997 -3006  2997 Journal homepage : http://ijece.iaescore.com/ind ex.php/IJECE Optimized BER for channel equalizer using cuckoo search and neural network Swati Katwal1, Vinay Bhatia2 1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technology, India 2Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chandigarh Engineering College, India Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Apr 16 , 2019 Revised Dec 5 , 2019 Accepted Dec 10 , 2019 The digital data transfer faces issues regarding Inter -Symbol Interference (ISI); t herefore, the error rate becomes dependent upon channel estimation and its equalization. This paper focuses on the development of a method for optimizing the channel data to improve ISI by utilizing a swarm intelligence series algorithm termed as Cuckoo Se arch (CS). The adjusted data through CS is cross -validated using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The data acceptance rate is considered with 0 -10% marginal error which varies in the given range with different bit streams. The performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm using the Average Bit Error Rate (A -BER) and Logarithmic Bit Error Rate (L -BER) had shown an overall improvement of 30-50% when compared with the Kalman filter based algorithm. Keyword s: ANN Channel estimation CS Equalization Copyright © 2020 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science . All rights reserved . Corresponding Author: Swati Katwal , Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technology, Solan , India . Email: engg.swati@yahoo.co.in 1. INTRODUCTION Digital Communication (DC) provides digital data transfer with high transfer rate [1 -2]. The average power of the transmitted signal reduces as the distance betw een transmitter and receiver surges. The noise comes in the form of disturbance and Inter -Symbol Interference (ISI) in the received signal. Figure 1 shows the occurrence of ISI in the received signal. It is seen that due to multipath propagation of the tra nsmitted signal, the strength of the received signal reduces due to the presence of buildings and another obstacle like airplane and trees etc. In this paper, the authors have addressed the ISI distortions and propose an approach to reduce this unwanted p henomenon to improve the reliability of the communication.Basically, there are two main causes of occurring ISI. These are non -linear frequency between the channels and multipath propagation. Many attempts have been made by the researchers to reduce the in terference effect. There are various algorithms and filter proposed by scholars to combat the interference effect. For instance, Kalman Filter (KF) is widely used to reduce the ISI and channel interference effects. This filter is used to linearize the nonl inear models [3]. If the data is well structured, it results in a balanced cha nnel estimation whichresults in a minimum error rate. Although KF and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF ) are used worldwide to rectify the channel data, it lacks in adaptive filtering [4]. Equalizers are used in the adaptive filters. Figure 2 shows the use of equalizer between the transmitter and the receiver. The data is transferred from transmitter to receiver. But, the transfer data stream cannot be kept homogenous throughout [5 -6]. For estimating the time - varying channel coefficients different algorithms are available. Due to the simpli city of the adaptive algorithm, the coefficients of the channel are estimated using Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm." 465 W3037920942.pdf 0 " Language and Literacy Volume 21, Issue 3, 2019 Page 6 The Meeting of Multiple Words and Worlds GALICIA S.T. BLACKMAN University of Calgary Abstract As a newcomer to Canadian culture, I present an interpretive rendering of my encounters with settler and Indigenous relations. It is my humble attempt to respond to the Truth and Reconciliation Calls to Action ([TRC], 2015) for newcomers, by providing insight into what newcomers might experience in r esponse to the complexities of Indigenous and settler dialogues. Newcomers are diverse groups, on the fringes of Indigenous -settler relations discourse, and outside of the protocols to enter such dialogues. Therefore, I ask, where and when can newcomers, t emporary or long term, enter the dialogues in meaningful, respectful ways? I came to recognize that as a newcomer the more appropriate course of action would be to wait to be invited into the conversation; but that does not absolve me of the responsibility to inform myself about Indigenous -settler relations and confront my discomforts with how I am implicated in these relations. This led me to inquire, can newcomers be of value in the ways multiple ethnic groups live together, in a good way? Using a hermene utic and mythopoetic lens I present a series of vignettes that attempt to grapple with these questions, to contribute to the discourse of responses to the Calls to Action (TRC, 2015). The Meeting of Multiple Words and Worlds …myths are actually truths about culture and conventional views of history that have both been deeply influenced by the stories of our country that we have been told in school. (Donald, 2009, p. 3) For new Canadians, many of whom carry their own traumatic memories of colonial violence, racism, and oppression, finding common ground as Treaty people involves learning about the history of Aboriginal peoples and finding ways to build stronger relationships of solidarity with them. (Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 2015, p. 312) We call upon the federal government, in collaboration with the national Aboriginal organizations, to revise the information kit for newcomers to Canada…. (Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 2015, p. 315) As a relative newcomer to Canadian culture I present an interpretive rendering of my encounters with the themes and concerns r egarding settler and Indigenous relations which have unfolded around me . This paper is my humble attempt to consider how I may enter the dialogues between Indigenous and se ttler groups, through an examination of my shifting experiences and perspectives. I state upfront that I have much to learn from these" 466 W2938497771.pdf 5 "ISSN: 2320 -5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 7(3), 1024 -1029 1029 8. Vijayalakshmi, K ., Punitha, N., Mangalam, M., Selvan, S.A., Green synthesis of schiff base and its complex using natural acid catalyst under microwave condition, International Journal of Nano Corrosion Science and Engineering , 2015, 2, 31 -36. 9. Deivanayagam, P., Bhoopathy, R.P., Thanikaikarasan, S., Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, analgesic and CNS studies of Schiff base Cu (II) complex derived from 4 -choro -o-phenylene diamine, International Journal of Advanced Chemistry , 2014, 2, 166 -170. 10. Ashraf, M.A., Mahmood, K., Wajid, A., Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of schiff bases, International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Process , 2011, 10, 1 -7. 11. Elmali, A., Kabak, M., Elerman, Y., Keto -enol tautomerism, conformations a nd structure of N -(2-hydroxy -5- methylphenyl), 2 -hydroxy benzaldehyde imine, Journal of Molecular Structure, 2000, 477, 151 -158. 12. Ramadhan, U.H., Haddad, H.M., Ezaria, Z.G., Synthesis of schiff bases complexes as anti -inflammatory agents, World Journal of Ph armacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , 2016, 5, 98 -108. 13. Muzammil, K., Trivedi, P., Khetani, D.B., Synthesis and characterization of schiff base m -nitro aniline and their complexes, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences , 2015, 5, 52 -55. 14. Bader, N.R., Applicat ions of schiff’s bases chelates in quantitative analysis -A review, Rasayan J. Chem , 2010, 3, 660 -670. 15. Arafa, W.A.A., Shaker, R.M., Facile green chemistry approaches towards the synthesis of bis -Schiff bases using ultrasound versus microwave and convention al method without catalyst, General papers, 2016, 3, 187 - 201. 16. Wahab, A., Haider, S.S., Mahmood, I., Mahmood, T., Sherwani, S.K., Kanwal, S., Synthesis of schiff bases from natural products and their remarkable antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, FUUAST J. BIOL , 2014, 4, 27-32. 17. Kasuan, N., Muhammad, Z., Yusoff, Z., Rahiman, M.H.F., Taib, M.N., Haiyee, Z.A., Extraction of Citrus hystrix D.C (Kaffir lime) essential oil using automated steam distillation process: Analysis of volatile compounds, Malaysian J ournal of Analytical Sciences, 2013, 17, 359 -369." 467 W3035748381.pdf 10 "2423 Modeling intracranial aneurysm stability and growth: an integrative mechanobiological… 1 3 in size and a prominant secondary bleb develops on the upstream region of the aneurysm sac where a region of low WSS is located. This is facilitated by a feedback mechanism whereby the regions of low WSS enlarge in size as the aneu-rysm enlarges (compare Fig.  13b, c). Figure  14 illustrates FAR at t=0 and the spatial distribu- tions of WSSAR at t=0 and t=2 . Regions of high WSSAR are associated with oscillatory flow and we hypothesize that in these regions the endothelium will have an irregular mor - phology. In these locations, i.e. the white regions of Fig.  14a where FAR=1 , degradation is maximal. For this example, FAR does not have localized maxima and consequently the whole IA sac is seen to enlarge without the development of focal secondary blebs. The impact on the blood flow velocity field of distinct WSS-related degradation hypotheses is evident in Fig.  15, which compares the velocity streamline from the initial homeostasis (common to all degradation methods) to that of each resulting configuration.3.3 Stabilization Figure  16 illustrates the collagen fiber stretch distributions in the final stabilized state for low-WSS driven enlargement (upper) and high-WSSAR driven enlargement (lower). As material is degraded and the IA sac enlarges, the fiber stretches increase to maintain mechanical equilibrium. As the stabilization mechanism is a point-wise relation, see Eq. 15, the mechanobiological equilibrium at the final home- ostatic state contains a spatially-variable attachment stretch field. It can be seen that the magnitudes of the attachment stretch distribution (see Fig.   16) have increased (compare with Fig.  10). More specifically, to stabilize the aneurysm, the attachment stretch distribution evolves from a spatially homogeneous distribution where min/ mode/max attachment stretches of the distribution are 1.01/1.05/1.1 to a spatially heterogeneous distribution where these values increase up to 1.07/1.12/1.17, respectively. 4 Discussion We have presented the first Fluid-Solid-Growth frame-work to model IA growth and stabilization for personalized (image-based) IA geometries. Two illustrative scenarios to drive IA enlargement are presented: low WSS and com-plex, oscillatory flow. We propose a novel approach to link endothelial morphology (aligned vs. irregular) to a novel pulsatile flow metric (WSSAR) and subsequently localized degradation of the tissue. Moreover, the model integrates a mechanism to account for aneurysm stabilization, i.e. adap-tion of the adventitial collagen fabric via remodelling of the collagen fiber attachment stretch distribution. The model is fully implemented into Sim4Life, a state-of- the-art simulation platform for computational life sciences (Neufeld et al. 2013). To our knowledge, Sim4Life is the first fully integrative framework for modeling IA evolution of its type: it incorporates user-friendly tools which span from image segmentation to simulation of IA enlargement. We utilized an isochoric split of the deformation gradi- ent for our finite element (FE) model. It is recognized that this can cause problems for fiber-reinforced materials that lead to FE simulations producing unrealistic behaviour (volumetric swelling) of a material (Sansour 2008; Helfen-stein et al. 2010; Gültekin et al. 2019). Essentially, from an energy minimization perspective, at a critical fiber stretch, it becomes energetically more favourable to swell the material as opposed to stretch along the fiber direction (Zdunek et al. 2014). Interestingly, the (isochoric) fiber stretch at which this occurs can be calculated by consideration of the relative stiffnesses of the bulk modulus and embedded fiber (Zdunek et al. 2014). If a material is modeled to have a stiffness that increases exponentially, then—for physiological consistent Fig. 9 Evolution of the displacement field from the initial loaded geometry (top) to the (initial) homeostatic state (bottom)" 468 W2980038797.pdf 7 "European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) DOI: 10.7176/EJBM Vol.11, No.16, 2019 47 Annex (B) Stata Output for Descriptive Statistics Annex (C) Stata Output for Pairwise Correlation Annex (D) Stata Output for Multicollinearty Test of VIF " 469 W4248637382.pdf 4 "PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA1711 Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 29(9):1707-1730, set, 2013 Resumen La evaluación de la calidad de la producción científica se basa ampliamente, si no exclusivamente, en los in- dicadores bibliométricos cuantitativos, a pesar de las numerosas críticas a los mismos. La reacción de la co-munidad académica se ha acumulado en los últimos años. Después de presentar una evaluación crítica de este modelo, una alternativa cualitativa es expuesta, con el objetivo de eliminar el estímulo excesivo a la producción desenfrenada de artículos de dudosa con- tribución a la ciencia. Se presenta y se discute la crítica al modelo propuesto. Indicadores de Producción Científica; Evaluación de Programas e Instrumentos de Investigación; Sistemas de Créditos y Evaluación de Investigadores; Sistemas de Evaluación de las Publicaciones Referências 1. Camargo Jr. KR. O rei está nu, mas segue impávido: os abusos da bibliometria na avaliação da ciência. Saúde & Transformação Social 2010; 1:3-8. 2. Adler R, Ewing J, Taylor P . Citation statistics – a re- port from the International Mathematical Union (IMU) in cooperation with the International Coun- cil of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM) and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (IMS). Stat Sci 2009; 24:1-14. 3. Krampen G, Becker R, Wahner U, Montada L. On the validity of citation counting in science evalu- ation: content analyses of references and citations in psychological publications. Scientometrics 2007; 71:191-202. 4. Lawrence P . Lost in publication: how measure-ment harms science. Ethics Sci Environ Polit 2008; 8:9-11. 5. Campbell DT. Assessing the impact of planned social change. Hanover: The Public Affairs Center, Dartmouth College; 1976. 6. Fanelli D. Do pressures to publish increase scien-tists’ bias? An empirical support from US states data. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10271. 7. Fang FC, Steen RG, Casadevall A. Misconduct ac-counts for the majority of retracted scientific publications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109: 17028-33.8. Reinach F . Darwin e a prática da “Salami Science” . http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/impresso, darwin-e-a-pratica-da-salami-science-, 1026037,0.htm (acessado em 27/Abr/2012). 9. Alberts B. We need to teach science. http://revista- pesquisa.fapesp.br/en/2012/09/10/bruce-alberts- we-need-to-teach-science/ (acessado em 29/Mai/ 2013). 10. Rorty R. Objectivity, relativism, and truth. Cam-bridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991. 11. Rorty R. Philosophy and the mirror of nature. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2009. 12. Popper K. The sociology of knowledge. In: Stehr N, Grundmann R, editors. Knowledge: critical con- cepts. V: sociology of knowledge and science. New York: Routledge; 2005. p. 63-74. 13. Hacking I. Statistical language, statistical truth, and statistical reason: the self authentication of a style of scientific reasoning. In: McMullin E, edi-tor. The social dimensions of science. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press; 1992. p. 130-57. Recebido em 14/Jun/2013 Aprovado em 25/Jun/2013" 470 W1970779219.pdf 0 "Page number not for citation purposes 1 Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom (DRESS) induced by carbamazepine: a case report and literature review Nissrine EL omairi1,&, Sanae Abourazzak1, Sanae Chaouki1, Samir Atmani1, Moustapha Hida1 1Pediatric Department, Hassan II Un iversity Hospital, Fes, Morocco &Corresponding author: El Omairi Nissrine, Pediatric Department, Hassan II University Hospital, Fes, Morocco Key words: Epilepsy, carbamazepine, rash, DRESS syndrome Received: 29/12/2013 - Accepted: 17/02/2014 - Published: 02/05/2014 Abstract Drug-induced hypersensitivity or Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom (DRESS) is a severe adverse drug -induced reaction. Diagnosing DRESS is challenging due to the diversity of cutaneous eruption and organs in volved. Most of the aromatic anticonvulsants, such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine, can induce DRESS. Culprit drug withdrawal and corticosteroids constituted the ma instay of DRESS treatment. We describe a 6 year -old boy who presented fever a nd rash 4 weeks after starting carbamazepine. Investigation revealed leukocytosis, atypical lymphocytosis, and elevated serum transaminases. The diagnosis of DREES syndrome was made, Carbamazepine was stopped and replaced initially by Clobazam and by Valpr oic acid after discharge, no systemic corticotherapy was prescribed. Symptoms began to resolve within two weeks, and by one month later her laboratory values had returned to normal. The aim of this work is to raise awareness ge neral practitioner and pediat ricians to suspect Dress syndrome in patients who present with unusual complaints and skin findings after starting any antiep ileptic drug. Pan African Medical Journal. 2014 ; 18:9 doi:10.11604/pamj.2014.18.9.3799 This article is available online at: http://www.panafrican -med-journal.com/content/ article/18/9/full/ © Nissrine EL omairi et al. The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937 -8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creati vecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the or iginal work is properly cited. Pan Africa n Medical Journal – ISSN: 1937 - 8688 (www.panafrica n-med-journal.com) Published in partnership with the African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET). (www.afenet.net) Case report Open Access " 471 W4390687707.pdf 2 "Bulletin of Information Technology (BIT) Vol 4, No 1, Maret 2023 , Hal 75 - 80 ISSN 2722 -0524 (media online) DOI 10.47065/ bit.v3i1. 504 https://journal.fkpt.org/index.php/BIT Copyright © 2022 Edy W idodo , Page 77 Jurnal BIT is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 17 14 18 14 19 13 20 13 21 14 22 12 23 13 24 15 25 12 2. Integrasi Data (Data Integration Penggabungan data dari berbagai database ke dalam suatu database baru. Data yang ditambahkan pada tabel berikut meliputi trouble, durasi human error , dan break, stop delivery, u ntuk data lebih lengkapnya dapat dilihat dilembar lampiran. Tabel 3. Data Integration Pemakain ( Roll ) Trouble Durasi ( Menit ) Human Error Break Hasil 15 Run Out Cepat Ya Ya Tidak 14 Run Out Cepat Tidak Tidak Ya 5 Run Out Lama Tidak Tidak Tidak 8 Press Roll Cepat Tidak Ya Tidak 12 Press Roll Cepat Tidak Ya Tidak 11 Press Roll Lama Tidak Ya Ya 11 Press Roll Lama Tidak Ya Tidak 13 Press Roll Lama Tidak Tidak Tidak 9 Press Roll Lama Tidak Ya Ya 7 Press Roll Cepat Tidak Ya Tidak 10 Press Roll Lama Tidak Tidak Tidak 4 Fold Up Cepat Tidak Tidak Tidak 9 Fold Up Lama Tidak Ya Tidak 8 Fold Up Lama Tidak Ya Tidak 11 Fold Up Lama Ya Ya Tidak 3. Seleksi Data ( Data Selection ) Data yang ada pada database sering kali tidak semuanya dipakai, oleh karena itu hanya data yang sesuai untuk dianalisis yang akan diambil dari database, untuk data lebih lengkapnya dapat dilihat dilembar lampiran. Tabel 4. Data Selection Pemakaian ( Roll ) Trouble Durasi ( Menit ) Human Error Break Stop Delivery 15 Run Out Cepat Ya ya Tidak 14 Run Out Cepat Tidak Tidak Ya 5 Run Out Lama Tidak Tidak Tidak 8 Press Roll Cepat Tidak ya Tidak 12 Press Roll Cepat Tidak ya Tidak 11 Press Roll Lama Tidak ya Tidak 11 Press Roll Lama Tidak ya Ya 13 Press Roll Lama Tidak Tidak Tidak 9 Press Roll Lama Tidak ya Ya 7 Press Roll Cepat Tidak ya Tidak 10 Press Roll Lama Tidak Tidak Tidak 4 Fold Up Cepat Tidak Tidak Tidak" 472 W4206952507.pdf 0 "1016 1016-1030 Cad. EBAPE.BR, v. 19, nº 4, Rio de Janeiro, Out./Dez. 2021. ISSN 1679-3951 Improvisação organizacional: desafios e perspectivas para o ensino-aprendizagem em administração Fernanda Paquelet Moreira Barbosa ¹ Eduardo Davel ¹ ¹ Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) / Escola de Administração, Salvador – BA, Brasil Resumo A improvisação organizacional é pesquisada há mais de 30 anos, pois ressalta a importância de sofisticar a prática de gestores e líderes frente às imprevisibilidades cada vez mais marcadas na contemporaneidade. Carecemos de uma visão mais atualizada da produção em improvisação organizacional e de uma reflexão sobre de que modo integrá-la na formação do gestor. O objetivo desta pesquisa é sistematizar os avanços na produção acadêmica acerca de improvisação organizacional e discutir sua integração no ensino-aprendizagem da administração. A metodologia de pesquisa consiste num levantamento sistemático da produção acadêmica. Os resultados da pesquisa fornecem um conjunto atualizado de relevâncias e temáticas relacionadas à improvisação organizacional, uma discussão sobre a importância da improvisação organizacional para a pesquisa em ensino-aprendizagem em administração e um conjunto de abordagens educacionais, barreiras e perspectivas que ajudam pesquisas e práticas futuras a melhor integrar a improvisação no ensino-aprendizagem em administração. A principal contribuição deste estudo é inaugurar uma nova orientação de pesquisa : o ensino-aprendizagem da improvisação organizacional . Palavras-chave: Improvisação organizacional. Ensino-aprendizagem. Ensino da improvisação. Desafios do ensino. Organizational improvisation: challenges and perspectives for management education Abstract Organizational improvisation has been researched for over 30 years as it emphasizes the importance of improving the practice of managers and leaders dealing with unpredictability, increasingly stressed in contemporary times. An updated view of academic production in organizational improvisation is necessary, and a reflection on integrating it in management education. This research aims to systematize the advances in academic production on organizational improvisation and discuss its integration in management education. The research methodology consists of a systematic survey of academic production. The research results include: (a) a set of actual relevances and themes related to organizational improvisation, (b) a discussion about the importance of organizational improvisation for management education research, and (c) a set of educational approaches, barriers, and perspectives that help research and future practices to better integrate improvisation in management teaching and learning. The main contribution of this research is to inaugurate a new research orientation: the teaching- learning of organizational improvisation. Keywords : Organizational improvisation. Management education. Teaching improvisation. Teaching challenges . Improvisación organizacional: desafíos y perspectivas para la enseñanza-aprendizaje en Administración Resumen La improvisación organizacional ha sido investigada durante más de 30 años, ya que enfatiza la importancia de sofisticar la práctica de gestores y líderes ante la imprevisibilidad cada vez más marcada en la actualidad. Necesitamos una visión más actualizada de la producción en improvisación organizacional, así como una reflexión sobre cómo integrarla en la formación de los directivos. El objetivo de esta investigación es sistematizar los avances en la producción académica sobre la improvisación organizacional y discutir su integración en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Administración. La metodología de investigación consiste en un relevamiento sistemático de la producción académica. Los resultados de la investigación son: (a) un conjunto de puntos relevantes y temas relacionados con la improvisación organizacional, (b) una discusión sobre la importancia de la improvisación organizacional para la investigación en enseñanza-aprendizaje en Administración, (c) un conjunto de enfoques, barreras y perspectivas educativos que ayudan a las investigaciones y prácticas futuras a integrar mejor la improvisación en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en Administración . El principal aporte de esta investigación es inaugurar una nueva orientación investigadora : la enseñanza- aprendizaje de la improvisación organizacional . Palabras clave : Improvisación organizacional. Enseñanza-aprendizaje. Enseñanza de la improvisación. Desafíos de la enseñanza . Artigo submetido em 12 de setembro de 2020 e aceito para publicação em 09 de fevereiro de 2021. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-3951220200191" 473 W2522747841.pdf 23 "Energies 2016 ,9, 767 24 of 24 18. 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Optimal training subset in a support vector regression electric load forecasting model. Appl. Soft Comput. 2012 ,12, 1523–1531. [CrossRef] 25. Ghofrani, M.; Ghayekhloo, M.; Arabali, A.; Ghayekhloo, A. A hybrid short-term load forecasting with a new input selection framework. Energy 2015 ,81, 777–786. [CrossRef] 26. Kouhi, S.; Keynia, F. A new cascade NN based method to short-term load forecast in deregulated electricity market. Energy Convers. Manag. 2013 ,71, 76–83. [CrossRef] 27. Breiman, L.; Friedman, J.H.; Olshen, R.A.; Stone, C.J. Classification and Regression Trees ; Chapman Hall: New York, NY, USA, 1984. 28. Troncoso, A.; Salcedo-Sanz, S.; Casanova-Mateo, C.; Riquelme, J.C.; Prieto, L. Local models-based regression trees for very short-term wind speed prediction. Renew. Energy 2015 ,81, 589–598. [CrossRef] 29. Sirlantzis, K.; Hoque, S.; Fairhurst, M.C. Diversity in multiple classifier ensembles based on binary feature quantisation with application to face recognition. Appl. Soft Comput. 2008 ,8, 437–445. [CrossRef] 30. Li, S.; Wang, P .; Goel, L. Short-term load forecasting by wavelet transform and evolutionary extreme learning machine. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 2015 ,122, 96–103. [CrossRef] ©2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)." 474 W2768450377.pdf 8 "9rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org R. Soc. open sci. 4:171101................................................an opposite change at the motor cortex in the TD state following maximal shortening contractions [ 13]. This counterbalancing effect provides insight into how modulations in spinal or supraspinal excitability may occur following active muscle shortening even if motor neuron output, as measured by surface EMG, remains constant [ 13]. Central nervous system excitability was also altered in the isometric steady state following maximal lengthening contractions [ 15]. It was found that the force-enhanced state was associated with increased MEP amplitude and unchanged CMEP amplitude, suggesting an increase in cortical excitability following active lengthening. Collectively, these findings indicate that voluntarycontrol of force during maximal efforts in the history-dependent state of residual force enhancement and TD is associated with changes in excitability of the corticospinal tract. The current study investigated neuromechanical coupling following submaximal contractions in the TD state. It was found that, following active muscle shortening, there was an increase in CMEP amplitude of approximately 10%. As seen in figure 4 e, this was a robust finding, with only two participants showing a modest decrease. This indicates that in the TD state, there is an increase in spinal excitability, andfurther supports the notion of neuromechanical coupling as a phenomenon involved in the history- dependent nature of muscle contraction. There was no observed difference in MEP amplitude between the TD and ISO states, and the variability in data between subjects was considerably larger than CMEPamplitude ( figure 4 f). However, in some subjects, changes in MEP and CMEP amplitudes appear to be negatively related to one another, meaning that an increase or decrease in CMEP amplitude could have been accompanied by an opposite change in MEP amplitude. While this was not observed for all subjects, it is possible that during submaximal contractions, similar to maximal contractions [ 13], the excitatory changes at the spinal level were counterbalanced by reduced excitability at the level of the motor cortex.Future investigations should more closely examine this relationship. 4.3. Possiblesensorimotorcontributionstoalteredexcitabilityinthetorque-depressedstate The cause of increased spinal excitability in the present study is unknown, but it may be related tothe function of sensory afferent feedback mechanisms located in the periphery. The Golgi tendon organ (GTO) is anatomically located in-series with the muscle and aponeurosis at the muscle–tendon junction, and is a mechanoreceptor responsible for monitoring muscle tension and providing inhibitory sensoryfeedback via Ib afferents to the agonist motor neuron pool [ 22]. Firing of Ib afferents is modulated in a tension-dependent manner [ 23], and signals whole-muscle force rather than internal forces related to individual motor units [ 24]. In the present study, torque amplitude was approximately 13% lower in the TD state when compared with the ISO state, so a reduction in Ib afferent firing could have contributed to the larger CMEPs (i.e. increased spinal excitability) observed in TD. In addition to providing inhibitory feedback to the agonist motor neuron pool at the spinal level, Ib afferents also cause presynaptic inhibition of afferents via primary afferent depolarization [ 22]. Primary afferent depolarization may be used to target other Ib afferents as a negative feedback mechanism [25], but it may also be directed towards Ia afferents [ 26]. Presynaptic inhibition may therefore control the balance of excitatory and inhibitory feedback to the central nervous system, which is critical for voluntary force control [ 22] and could be altered in the history-dependent state. Further, Ib afferents relay information from GTOs to the cerebellum and cerebral cortex via the dorsal and ventral spinocerebellartracts for higher-level proprioceptive processing [ 27]. The precise outcome of this input is unknown, but along with associated messages from skin, joints and other muscle receptors, it may be used for conscious sensation, intentional force adjustments and the voluntary control of movement [ 22]. Reduced muscle force production capacity in the TD state—while maintaining similar levels of activation—may perhaps alter the feedback delivered by these afferents, and could modify the control of force production via thecentral nervous system. Thus, altered afferent feedback provides an exciting area for further research into the effects of the history-dependence of force on nervous system activity and the voluntary control of force. 5. Conclusion The present study investigated alterations to the excitability of the central nervous system in the torque- depressed state as indicated by changes in MEP and CMEP amplitude. Using a paradigm of maintained motor neuron output (i.e. matching of agonist integrated EMG), it was shown that following activeshortening, steady-state isometric torque was significantly less than the torque produced during the purely isometric contractions. Further, it was shown that during contractions in the torque-depressed state, there was a significant increase in CMEP amplitude when compared with contractions in the" 475 W2932715612.pdf 8 "Comparative cytogenetics among Leporinus friderici and Leporellus vittatus populations...113 this was also observed, differences in the chromosomal position of 45S rDNA were additionally observed between species, with signals in the terminal region of the p arm for L. friderici and in the q arm for L. vittatus . The rDNAs usually present high rates of karyotype rearrangements in evolutionary lineages (Symonová et al. 2013). These sequence movements within karyotypes have been proposed to occur by transposition and/or by transposon-mediated by TEs in a non-homologous recombination mecha - nism (Symonová et al. 2013, Barros et al. 2017a, Glugoski et al. 2018). The L. vittatus specimens from the Aripuanã river presented synteny of 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA, in contrast with the specimens from the Mogi–Guaçu and São Francisco rivers and the L. friderici populations corroborating to high evolutionary chromosomal change level to rDNA sites. The rDNA synteny was also observed in other anostomids, such as L. tri - fasciatus , S. fasciatus and Laemolyta taeniata (Kner, 1858), showing that it is a recurrent chromosomal characteristic of this group (Barros et al. 2017b). Recently, some studies have proposed that the dispersal of ribosomal sites and changes in their chromosomal location may affect recombination rates in these spe - cific sites, and that these changes can lead to rapid genome divergence (Symonová Figure 5. Karyotypes of Leporinus friderici (a, b) and Leporellus vittatus (c, d, e ) submitted to fluores - cence in situ hybridization with (TTAGGG)n probe. Scale bar: 10 µm. " 476 W3165653026.pdf 0 "ARTICLE Phonological vs. natural gender cues in the acquisition of German by simultaneous and sequential bilinguals (German –Russian) Tanja KUPISCH1,2,*, Natalia MITROFANOVA2, and Marit WESTERGAARD2,3 1University of Konstanz, Germany,2UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway, and3NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway *Corresponding author: Tanja Kupisch University of Konstanz Department of Linguistics D-78 464 Konstanz Germany E-mail: tanja.kupisch@uni-konstanz.de (Received 11 January 2020; revised 2 September 2020; accepted 2 January 2021; first published online 25 May 2021) Abstract We investigate German –Russian bilingual children ’s sensitivity to formal and semantic cues when assigning gender to nouns in German. Across languages, young children have beenshown to primarily rely on phonological cues, whereas sensitivity to semantic andsyntactic cues increases with age. With its semi-transparent gender assignment system,where both formal and semantic cues are psycho linguistically relevant, German has weakphonological cues compared to other languages, and children have been argued toacquire semantic and phonological rules in tandem. German –Russian bilingual children face the challenge of acquiring two different gender assignment systems simultaneously. We tested 45 bilingual children (ages 4 –10 years) and monolingual controls. Results show that the children are clearly sensitive to phonological cues, while semantic cues play aminor role. However, monolingual and bilingual children have different defaultingstrategies, with monolinguals defaulting to neuter and bilinguals to feminine gender. Keywords: gender assignment; transparency; nonce words; cue mismatch; crosslinguistic influence Introduction The present study investigates bilingual children ’s sensitivity to phonological and semantic cues in the acquisition of grammatical gender assignment in German. The acquisition of gender by bilingual children has been extensively studied over the past few years, focussing on a number of language combinations and a variety of topics,including acceleration and delay compared to monolinguals (e.g., Eichler, Jansen & Müller, 2013 ; Egger, Hulk & Tsimpli, 2018 ; Hulk & van der Linden, 2010 ; Kaltsa, Tsimpli & Argyri, 2019 ; Kupisch & Klaschik, 2017 ; Kupisch, Müller & Cantone, 2002 ; Rodina & Westergaard, 2015 ,2017 ), age of onset effects (e.g., Granfeldt, 2018 ; Meisel, 2018 ); and the role of input and language use at home (e.g., Gathercole & © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Journal of Child Language (2022), 49, 661 –683 doi:10.1017/S0305000921000039 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000921000039 Published online by Cambridge University Press" 477 W2753782435.pdf 15 "226 Análisis normativo sobre medios alternos... social como son: 1. combatir las situaciones delictivas y facilitar la resolución de conflictos que amenacen la seguridad ciudadana –protección de la integridad física de las personas, sus propiedades, el disfrute de los derechos y el cumplimiento de los deberes– mediante el diálogo, la mediación y la conciliación, debiéndose al respecto separar las competencias entre órganos represivos y preventivos, y 2. atribuirle al cuerpo policial de menor rango o jerarquía –la policía comunal–, la encomiable labor de actuar bajo los esquemas de resolución pacífica, como se refiere: (…) el oficial puede actuar como agente de la realidad y factor que facilite la comunicación entre las personas que amenazan con un acto determinado, y las personas con quienes deben negociar. En caso de rehenes o secuestro… o el equipo de negociación táctica pueden constituir la autoridad, mientras que el oficial de policía local señala el proceso de mediación. Si las negociaciones entre la autoridad y el agresor no se llevan a cabo a través de la mediación dirigida por la policía local, es posible delinear un plan que resulte ideal para una solución rápida, aunque desde luego no estamos pronunciándonos a favor de un compromiso hacia la violencia o las amenazas (Folberg & Taylor, 1996, p. 206). Abordando ahora los preceptos normativos de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Popular de 2010 que regulan los medios alternos de resolución de conflictos, ha de señalarse que se trata de un instrumento jurídico que tiene por objeto desarrollar y consolidar al Poder Popular a través de los diversos medios de participación y organización, reconociéndose el protagonismo del pueblo organizado sobre ese ámbito, ahora bien sobre el tópico objeto de interés se preceptúa a la justicia comunal, la cual hace referencia a los medios alternos de resolución de conflictos siguiendo los preceptos constitucionales del segundo aparte del artículo 258 eiusdem en el enunciado del Arbitraje, la Conciliación, la Mediación y cualesquiera otros medios alternos, como profesa el artículo 21 eiusdem : La justicia comunal es un ámbito de actuación del Poder Popular, a través de medios alternativos de justicia de paz que promueven el arbitraje, la conciliación, la mediación y cualquier otra forma de solución de conflictos ante situaciones derivadas directamente del ejercicio del derecho a la participación y a la convivencia comunal, de acuerdo a los principios constitucionales del Estado democrático y social de Derecho y de Justicia, sin contravenir las competencias legales propias del sistema de justicia ordinario (Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, 2010). Este artículo se fundamenta en el reconocimiento concreto de la participación ciudadana de los actores socio-comunitarios –principalmente miembros de los Concejos Comunales y las Comunas–, en detrimento de la competencia exclusiva del municipio de la justicia de paz, lo cual normativamente configura una institucionalidad paralela –llamada justicia comunal–, que contradice el numeral" 478 W4252029459.pdf 1 "Page 2/16Abstract Objective We integrated neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) into the protocol for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in the management of gastric cancer. This study was aimed at investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of this combined approach. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with gastric cancer undergoing cancer treatment at our Department from January 2016 to June 2019. All patients were compliant with the ERAS protocol perioperatively and were divided into an ERAS group and an ERAS + NAC group for the study. The following parameters were compared between the two groups: TNM staging, the choice of the surgical approach, estimated blood loss, operating time, placement of drainage and catheter, the volume of " 479 W4317930358.pdf 2 "Catalysts 2023 ,13, 259 3 of 11 Catalysts 2023 , 13, x 3 of 11 to minimize the influence of geometric factors on catalytic activity. It is interesting to find that only CeO 2 can substantially improve the catalytic activity whereas other suppor ts all suppress the activity of BaMnO 3 (Figure 1b) . The results clearly reveal that CeO 2 is critical for the high performance of the BaMnO 3-CeO 2 catalyst. Figure 1. Catalytic activity of ( a) BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M and ( b) BaMnO 3-AxOy-M (A = Ce, Zr, Ti, Si and Al). The BaMnO 3-CeO 2-O, BaMnO 3 and CeO 2 samples were also included for comparison. Reaction conditions: 2 vol% NO/He, 1.5 g s cm−3, 500–850 °C. Considering that the elevated temperature probably promotes the interaction between the components (Fig ure 1a), the BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M samples were pretreated at 600–800 °C before the catalytic activity test. The 600 °C-treated sample (BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M-600) shows almost similar activity with BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M over the whole temperature range (Fig ure 2a). In contrast, 700 and 800 °C calcination (BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M-700/800) enhances the ac- tivity clearly . The BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M-700 sample shows the highest activity, 26.5%, 40.6% and 50.5% at 650, 700 and 750 °C, respectively , which increases by ~17%, ~20% and ~15% compared with BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M. BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M-800 shows slightly lower activity than BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M-700, but still higher than BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M. Accordingly, the thermal treatment above 600 °C can improve the catalytic activity of BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M. Furthermore, BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M-700 shows a rather stable durability in the 5 vol% O2-containing atmosphere at 800 °C, with only ~11% decrease over more than Figure 2. (a) Catalytic activity of BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M thermally pre -treated at different temperatures (600, 700 and 800 °C). Reaction conditions: 2 vol% NO/He, 1.5 g s cm−3, 500–850 °C. (b) Durability of BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M-700 in O 2-containing atmosphere. Reaction conditions: 2 vol% NO/He, 5 vol% O 2, 1.5 g s cm−3, 800 °C. 500 h . Figure 1. Catalytic activity of ( a) BaMnO 3-CeO 2-M and ( b) BaMnO 3-AxOy-M (A = Ce, Zr, Ti, Si and Al). The BaMnO 3-CeO 2-O, BaMnO 3and CeO 2samples were also included for comparison. Reaction conditions: 2 vol% NO/He, 1.5 g s cm" 480 W4251281504.pdf 0 "CORRECTION Correction: α-MSH Stimulates Glucose Uptake in Mouse Muscle and Phosphorylates Rab-GTPase-Activating Protein TBC1D1Independently of AMPK ThePLOS ONE Staff Notice of Republication This article was republished on August 1, 2016, to correct errors that were introduced during the typesetting process: in several places throughout the article the αwas omitted from α- MSH. The publisher apologizes for the error. Please download this article again to view the cor-rect version. The originally published, uncorrected article and the republished, corrected article are provided here for reference. Supporting Information S1 File. Originally published, uncorrected article. (PDF) S2 File. Republished corrected article. (PDF) Reference 1. Møller CL, Kj øbsted R, Enriori PJ, Jensen TE, Garcia-Rudaz C, Litwak SA, et al. (2016) α-MSH Stimu- lates Glucose Uptake in Mouse Muscle and Phosphorylates Rab-GTPase-Activating Protein TBC1D1 Independently of AMPK. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0157027. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157027 PMID: 27467141 PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0161047 August 8, 2016 1/1a11111 OPEN ACCESS Citation: ThePLOS ONE Staff (2016) Correction: α- MSH Stimulates Glucose Uptake in Mouse Muscleand Phosphorylates Rab-GTPase-Activating ProteinTBC1D1 Independently of AMPK. PLoS ONE 11(8):e0161047. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161047 Published: August 8, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 The PLOS ONE Staff. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of theCreative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in anymedium, provided the original author and source arecredited." 481 W2886022284.pdf 5 "JURNAL NERS http://e -journal.unair.ac.id/JNERS | 47 risk of heart disease, from the lowest score of -3 to -5 and from the median value of 1 to 0.5. The results listed in Table 9 focused on the difference in the risk score of heart disease in the control group in relation to the three measurements obtained a p -value of 0.098. Statistically, this shows that there is no significant difference between the first, second, and third measurements. However, when viewed from the median value achieved at the beginning of th e measurement, it showed that the risk of heart disease increased from the score of 1.5 to a score of 2 at the end of the measurement period. In addition, the minimum score also increased from -4 to -3. This suggests that the control group respondents tend to have an increased risk of developing heart disease at the end of the measurement period. DISCUSSION The behaviour of a person living a healthy lifestyle is influenced by several factors, one of which is the knowledge and understanding possessed by a pe rson (Mindy & Alyson, 2015). Therefore, to improve one's knowledge, it can be provided through health education. Health education activities aim to increase one's knowledge and understanding so that they will be able to transform their behaviour into a hea lthier one (Marianne et al, 2001). There are many methods used in health education, one of which is Peer Health Education. Peer Health Education involves a person who is considered to be able influence the community around them. By using the Peer Health Education method, it is hoped that the communities around them will find it easier to understand and implement the knowledge that they have acquired (Duncanson et al, 2014). This is in accordance with the results of the research as shown in Table 1, which shows that Peer Health Education can increase the knowledge of the respondents on what makes a healthy lifestyle to prevent heart disease (p -value 0,004). It also showed that for the respondents who did not get Peer Health Education, their knowledge about utilising a healthy lifestyle to prevent heart disease tended to show no difference between the first measurements and the second measurement (p -value 0.172). So, from the analysis of both groups, it showed that there is a difference in the knowledge abou t using healthy lifestyles to prevent heart disease between the groups who underwent Peer Health Education and those who did not get Peer Health Education access (p -value 0.034). Peer Health Education is an effective method in health education that is used to provide health information to a group of people with special characteristics, with the aim of achieving certain knowledge and skills used to achieve a health goal. A Peer Health Educator is also able to motivate and facilitate members of their group to behave healthily in accordance with the expected goals. A Peer Health Educator is also able to share information in an applicable, practical and appealing way to the audience and therefore it is often easier for them to produce behavioural changes (Duncan son et al, 2014). Good knowledge, an understanding of the community and an awareness of the attitude to healthy lifestyles in order to prevent heart disease will be able to affect their behaviour in daily life. The results of the research in Table 3 shows that Peer Health Education can influence the consumption pattern of sweet foods in the community group who are at risk of heart disease (p -value 0.011). In the first measurements, the Peer Health Education action was given, and the pattern of the excessive consumption of sweet foods was more than once per day for as many as 39.3% of respondents. At the end of the measurements, the number decreased to 10.7% of the respondents. This shows that the pattern of the excessive consumption of sweet foods is one of the risk factors for heart disease. Consuming excess sweet foods will increase the risk of increased blood pressure. The results of another study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the pattern of consumption of sweet foods with the o ccurrence of increased systolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension (Fikriana, 2016). This happens because the consumption of excessive sweet foods will cause the levels of glucose and fructose in the blood to increase, which will affect the metab olism of a person's body, causing damage and the homeostasis of the blood vessel walls, affecting insulin disturbance in the body as well as increasing the occurrence of the lipogenesis process (Siervo et al, 2013). Table 6 shows that there was a differenc e in blood pressure before treatment and after treatment (p - value 0.010). Before the treatment was obtained, the number of respondents who had normal blood pressure was as many as 32.1%. After treatment, there was an increase in the number of respondents who had normal blood pressure, up to 46.4%. The respondents who had not had the treatment had blood pressure that fit the classification of hypertension stage 2, which decreased the number of respondents from the previous 14.3% to 7.1%. This shows that the Peer Health Educator can motivate the respondents to control their blood pressure. The results of this study are in line with the research conducted by Mindy & Alyson (2015), which states that knowledge will affect a person's ability to control his or her blood pressure. The pattern of the excessive consumption of fatty foods, stress/anxiety and a lack of exercise are also risk factors that can cause heart disease. However, the results of this study indicate that there is no difference in the behaviour pattern of fast food consumption (p -value 0.078), physical activity (p - value 0.268), and stress/anxiety (p -value 0.441) in the group receiving Peer Health Education. This is in line with the results of the study in Table 6, which shows no difference in blood cholesterol level s before treatment and after treatment (p -value 0.291). The increased knowledge obtained by the respondents does not directly affect the behaviour of the" 482 W4393131461.pdf 7 " https://journal.utripoli.edu.ly/index.php/Alqalam/index eISSN 2707 -7179 Alfituri et al. Alq J Med App Sci. 2024;7( 2):213-221 220 5. WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID -19): How is it transmitted? [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news -room/questions -and-answers/item/coronavirus -disease -covid -19-how-is-it- transmitted#:~:text=Current evidence suggests that the,%2C speak%2C sing or breathe. 6. CDC. Symptoms of COVID -19 [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019 -ncov/symptoms -testing/symptoms.html 7. Russell CD, Lone NI, Baillie JK. Comorbidities, multimorbidity and COVID -19. Nat Med. 2023;29(2):334 –43. 8. Goodwin M, Fraley L. What to Know About COVID -19 Diagnosis [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/coronavirus -diagnosis 9. CDC. COVID -19 Treatments and Medications [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019 -ncov/your -health/treatments -for-severe -illness.html# 10. WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID -19) [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news - room/questions -and-answers/item/coronavirus -disease -covid -19 11. CDC. Understanding How COVID -19 Vaccines Work [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https:/ /www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019 -ncov/vaccines/different -vaccines/how -they-work.html 12. Mayoclinic.org. Different types of COVID -19 vaccines: How they work [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases -conditions/coronavirus/in -depth/different -types -of-covid -19-vaccines/art - 20506465 13. WHO. COVID 19 VACCINE [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/region/emro/country/ly 14. Seed S. Complications Coronavirus Can Cause [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Aug 10]. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/covid/coronavirus -complications#1 15. Suvvari TK, Kutikuppala LVS, Tsagkaris C, Corriero AC, Kandi V. Post -COVID -19 complications: Multisystemic approach. J Med Virol. 2021;93(12):6451 –5. 16. Hasabo EA, Ayyad FA, Alam Eldeen SAM, Noureldaim MK, Abdallah TA, Ahmed YT, et al. Clinical manifestations, complications, and outcomes of patients with COVID -19 in Sudan: a multicenter observational study. Trop Med Health. 2021;49(1):91. 17. Ramanathan K , Antognini D, Combes A, Paden M, Zakhary B, Ogino M, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(20):497 –506. 18. Poudel R, Daniels LB, DeFilippis AP, Hamburg NM, Khan Y, Keith RJ, et al. Smokin g is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, disease severity, and mortality among patients hospitalized for SARS -CoV -2 infections. PLoS One. 2022;17(7 July):1 –14. 19. Ma RCW, Holt RIG. COVID -19 and diabetes. Diabet Med. 2020;37(5):723 –5. 20. Haider T, Abidi SRZ, Fatima M, Zafar A, Siddiqui RQU, Khan W, et al. The Prevalence of Side Effects of Sinopharm COVID -19 Vaccine: An Experience From Pakistan. Cureus. 2023;15(4):2 –8. 21. Kim EJ, Yoo SJ. Pulmonary Embolism after Vaccination with the COVID -19 Va ccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2): A Case Report. Vaccines. 2023;11(6):1 –9. 22. SeyedAlinaghi SA, Afsahi AM, MohsseniPour M, Behnezhad F, Salehi MA, Barzegary A, et al. Late Complications of COVID -19; a Systematic Review of Current Evidence. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2020; 9(1):e14. " 483 W2896897117.pdf 1 "www.nature.com/scientificreports/2 Scientific REPORTS | (2018) 8:15545 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-33998-4approach has been initiated with in vitro systems by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Bethesda, Maryland (USA) and is pursued by a growing number of public and private laboratories around the world17. Although extensive research has been performed under in vitro conditions concerning drug response and many of the mechanisms have been characterized, translating this to the clinic still represents a major conceptual and techni- cal challenge. Hence, an additional approach that identifies drug sensitivity could significantly advance the clini-cal management of tumors such as OSCC. Analyzing the expression patterns of genes related to drug response in tumor samples along with evaluating drug response at the cellular level using cell-based assays will assist in drug selection in a personalized manner in order to manage OSCC. The BCL-2 family proteins are known to control the apoptosis and classified into pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members 18. Recently, a new functional assay, BCL2-homology domain 3 (BH3) profiling, was reported, and this profiling could predict drug sensitivity in primary tumor samples19. The BH3 profiling is a potentially powerful technique to measure early changes in net pro-apoptotic signaling in mitochondria (“apop-totic priming”) induced by chemotherapeutic agents 14. BH3 profiling interrogates the BCL-2 family of proteins that regulates commitment to the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in response to most chemotherapeutic agents 20. BH3 peptides are convenient, titratable components that can be exploited to systematically study mito- chondrial readiness to undergo apoptosis21. Thus, BH3 profiling based on the drug’s ability to initiate apoptosis priming can be used to predict the cytotoxic response of cancers to chemotherapeutics before chemotherapy is administered. There is a significant lack of scientific investigation correlating expression pattern of genes involved in drug response with cell-based experiments to precisely forecast tumor sensitivity towards anticancer drugs. To sat - isfy this unmet need, we correlated certain drug-response related gene expression patterns with the % apoptotic priming in cancer cells isolated from a cohort of OSCC samples. In this study, we employed a qRT-PCR array to study the expression of certain multidrug resistance (MDR)-linked genes and correlated this with the results of Figure 1. Expression levels of drug response genes in 31 OSCC samples. (A) The mRNA expression pattern of 11 drug response-linked genes. The total mRNA was isolated from fresh tumor tissues and were detected using custom PCR array following the manufacturer’s instructions. The clustergram results of three independent experiments were analyzed using the SA Biosciences online tool. (B) Venn diagram showed the gene expression pattern of drug resistance genes in tumor samples. Samples 9 and 10 overexpress most of the drug response- linked genes." 484 W1989842774.pdf 13 "ristische Verhalten wie die 4.5-Dinitrodiphenylenglykolsiiure. Man er- halt eunachst eine rothgelbe Losung, die beim Erwiirmen tief purpur- roth wird. Ozim des 4..~-L)i/,it,.o~tlitorenons. Kryjtsllisirt ails Alkohol in braungelben Nadeln, die bei 267-2680 schmelzen. 0.1382 g Sbst.: 18.2 ccm N t214 747 mm). Ptienjlliydraaon des 4.5 . Uinitro$uorenona. 13ildet ziegelrothe Nsdelchen, 0.1376 g Sbst.: 19.4 ccm N (21°, 73G mm). CI~HI~O,N,. Ber. N 15.55. Gef. N 15.54. Scjnicnr6azon des 5.5 Diniho-Auorenons. Durch Kochen des Ketons mit Semicarbazidchlorhydrat ebenfalls in alkoholischer Suspension dargestellt: bildet hellgelbe Nadeln, die bei 2880 unter Zersetzung schmelzen. CI3H7O5N3. Ber. N 14.73. Gef. N 11.73. aelche bei 2-1 lo unter Zersetziing echmelzen. 0.1378 g Sbst.: 26.6 ccm N (220, 740 mm). CIdHgOsNs. Ber. N 21.40. Gef. N 21.26. 5. Flnorenabkommlinge, erhalten aus 2-Bro1n-phenanthrenchinon. HO COOH Das 2-Bromphenanthrenchinon') wird von 10-procentiger Kali- Iauge bei gew6hnlicher Temperatur nicht angegriffen. Eret beim Er- wiirmen auf 80 -90° erfolgt Bildung der 2-Bromdiphenylenglpkoleaure und zwar in bemerkenswerth glatter Weise. Man erwiirmt 2 g reiues 2-Bromphenanthrenchinon rnit 200 ccm 10-procentiger Kalilauge auf 80-900, bis eine fast klare Liisung vorliegta)., filtrirt dorch Glaswolle ond iibersattigt das abgekiihlte Filtrat rnit verdiinnter Schwefeleaure. Dabei scheidet sich die 2-Bromdiphenylenglykoleaure in weissen Na- deln ab, welche wrgftiltig ausgewaschen nnd im Vacuumexsiccator ge- trocknet werden. 0.1594 g Sbst.: 0.3164 g Cog, 0.0440 g HsO. - 0.3553 g Sbst. erforderteo nach dem Vergliihen mit Kalk 11.55 ccm 'il0-n. Silbernitratlosung. CI(Hg03Br. Ber. C 55.08, H 2.95, Br 26.23. Gef. a 54.79, >) 3.OG, D 26.45. Die Same schmilzt bei 2130 unter Zersetzung. Sie 16sL sich sehr leicht in Aether, Aethyl-, Methyl-Alkohol, Eiseseig und Chloroform, schwer in Benzol und sehr schwer in kaltem Wasser. Ihre Losungen 1) Es wurde dargestellt nach den Angahen von J. Schmidt und E. 2) Etwas 2-Bromfluorenon, das sich hierbei bildet, bleibt ungelost. Junghans, diese Berichte 37, 3558 [1904]." 485 W3126511503.pdf 8 "Vanaken et al. Coherence, Social Support, Trauma Resilience could be influenced by limitations in the design. First, we di d not include a separate manipulation check to control for the effectiveness of social support, apart from the psychological (STAI-S) and physiological (cortisol) stress measures. Loo king at the cortisol responses, stress continued to increase duri ng the whole experiment, which may be a sign that participants did not feel at ease and could have expected the stressful task to take place again later on in the experiment. This explanation would make sense keeping in mind that instructions in the MAST conceal the end of the experiment to be a short break, so participants could possibly be never fully relieved. Furtherm ore, the manipulation of social support may have been less credible or ineffective, given that both the traumatic event and the support was administered by one and the same person (the experimenter). On top of that, the experimenter changed roles from being a neutral to becoming either very empathetic or very apathetic, which may have increased overall distrust an d stress. As indicated earlier, research shows that the effecti veness of social support is dependent on many factors, one of which is the source of social support ( Barrera et al., 1981; Li et al., 2014; Nguyen et al., 2016; Alsubaie et al., 2019 ). Furthermore, research has indicated that unsupportive social interaction s have been more strongly associated with trauma responses tha n supportive social interactions (e.g., Ullman and Filipas, 2001; Andrews et al., 2003; DeCou et al., 2017 ). Future research could take this into consideration when setting up experiments. Fo r instance, comparing a condition in which participants can have a phone call to a (supportive) loved one after a traumatic event, to a condition in which they are only allowed to talk to an (unsupportive)experimenter,andtoacontrolconditioninwhi ch theycouldnottalktoanyotherperson,couldhelptodisentan gle this effect. In addition, while people who generally have high social support tend to have lower PTSD symptoms on any given day, average PTSD symptom severity does not seem to be associatedwithday-to-dayfluctuationsintheavailabilit yofsocial support(Dworkinetal.,2018 ).Forthepresentstudy,thiswould implythatthesocialsupportrightaftertheMASTtaskmayhave not been enough to buffer memory coherence or state anxiety, and rather that we would need a follow-up design to create a larger difference between conditions (more social support over time in supportive group, less social support over time in unsupportivegroup),inordertobeabletopickupdifferencesin posttraumaticresponses,likestateanxietyormemorycohere nce. This would also be in line with research suggesting that attentive listeners can assist in the coherent co-construc tion of autobiographical narratives over time, and with research suggesting that memories eventually become reconstructio ns of previous(social)narrations( Bavelasetal.,2000;Pasupathi,2001; Pasupathi and Rich, 2005; Fivush, 2011 ). This would mean that multiple interactions with supportive, attentive listeners o ver time would be more helpful to protect memory coherence and mental health, in comparison with merely a single interventio n ofsupportrightafterthetraumaticevent. Finally, our exploratory analyses indicated that psychologi cal stress in the form of state anxiety and physiological stress in the form of cortisol did not run along similar patterns, contrary to our expectations and previous research ( Smeetset al., 2012 ). However, we did find that lower cortisol levels at baseline and after the first writing task could predict highe r coherence of the traumatic memory. Thus, it could be possible that those individuals who are better able to remain calm in situations that do arouse some people (e.g., participation in an experiment, thinking about important memories), are more likely to cope more adaptively with stressful situations late r on. This could be explained by the fact that the ability to remain calm renders the individual with sufficient free worki ng memory space, which is needed in order to process difficult events(KleinandBoals,2001 ). Besidestheaforementionedlimitationsinthedesign,anot her limitation can be noticed. Our sample consisted mostly of young, female, white students and was thus very homogeneous . Participants were also excluded based on current or previous psychopathology, which to some extent reduces our ability to generalize findings to clinical samples including individual s experiencing PTSD and other stress-related psychopathology. Future research could take this into account by examining (sub-)clinical samples. Furthermore, it would be useful to asse ss participant’s prior traumatic experiences and examine these in relationtocopingabilitieswithnewtraumaticexperiences, since there is some evidence showing the impact of prior trauma on how new traumatic events are experienced ( Breslau et al., 2008; Schocketal.,2016 ). Concluding,inthisstudy,narrativesoftraumaticexperien ces were less coherent than narratives of turning point events. However, contrary to our predictions, coherence, and, in particular, thematic coherence, related positively to anxiety levels. This possibly reflects a non-adaptive component in thematiccoherencethatcouldberelatedtoruminativeproces ses and unfinished attempts at meaning-making. Furthermore, coherence at baseline could not buffer against the impact of trauma on anxiety levels in this study. Contrary to our hypotheses, social support did not have the intended beneficial effects on coherence, neither on well-being. Multiple possible explanations are suggested. The source of support and the traumatic event was identical, namely the experimenter, who was unfamiliar to the participant as well as took on different roles over the experimental procedure, which likely reduced th e effectiveness the credibility of the social support. Also, stress levels for all participants were constantly increasing over th e procedure,asreflectedbyrisinglevelsofcortisol.Thiscould have overruled the effect of social support on coherence and well- being overall. Nonetheless, lower cortisol levels at baselin e and after writing about the turning point memory predicted higher coherence in the trauma narratives. This may point out that the ability to remain calm in difficult situations does relate to the ability to cope adaptively with future difficult experiences . Further research on the relations between narrative cohere nce, socialsupport,andtraumaresilienceisrecommended. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT The dataset generated for this study can be found in online repositories (Open Science Framework): doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/3H7QM. Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 9 February 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 558044" 486 W2472797563.pdf 2 "treatment for patients with OCD. This collaborative initiative also aims to enhance the validity and reliability of researchresults provided by different facilities and countries. This initiative is similar to those that have been implemented to establish stand- ards of care for other mental health issues, such as diagnosticassessment and treatment of people with dementia (MSNAP 2012) or the administration of electroconvulsive therapy (ECTAS 2012). Methods Standards of care were selected through a highly consensual pro- cedure that gathered a large number of opinions and points of view. This was done in an interactive and iterative way, enablingconsiderable feedback to be obtained from experienced therapistsin the field of OCD. Consensus was not based only on the experts’ opinions, but on widely used clinical practice guidelines in OCD, also. Examples of these guidelines have been developed by thefollowing associations and institutions: the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE guideline 2005 ), the American Psychiatric Association (APA guideline 2013 ), the British Association for Psychopharmacology (Baldwin et al. 2014 ), American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP guideline 2012 ), the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (Bandelowet al. 2012 ) and the Cape Town Consensus Statement (Stein 2007 ). The process began with the call for applications to participate in the working groups (child and adult) in May 2013. Applications were received (from ICOCS members and non-members) and threegroups were established: the Steering Committee (formed by 13 board members, not included in the working groups), the Child OCD Centres Working Group and the Adult OCD Centres WorkingGroup. The working groups of the ICOCS Credentialing Task Force included leaders and highly experienced practitioners in OCD (including psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health nurses)from many different countries: Turkey, South Africa, United Kingdom, Sweden, United States of America, Israel, the Netherlands, Bulgaria, Canada, Japan, Argentina, Hungary, Braziland Australia. After a review of similar initiatives, a survey containing a com- prehensive list of possible standards was sent to all members of the working groups. The objective was to decide which itemsshould be included as standards. The working members had to rate the possible standards according to the following: (0): should not be included (1): the standard is not essential, but may be pertinent for an OCD unit (2): the standard may be important for an OCD unit (3): the standard is definitely necessary for an OCD unit The standards were grouped into the following areas: I. Resources II. Procedures and assessmentIII. Management and follow-upIV. Quality indicators. When all the responses had been received, a list with the selected standards was again sent to the members of the working groups, and two teleconferences were held shortly after (with the adult andchild working groups). In this second stage, the groups were askedto distribute the standards on the following two different levels: a. Recommended standards, considered key elements for an OCD unit (i.e., those that an accredited centre would beexpected to meet)b. Excellence standards (i.e., those that an excellent service should meet or criteria that, while not essential for an OCDunit, would bring higher quality to the unit). Once this information had been received, a Reference Group also assessed the proposed standards. Thereafter, the proposal was sent to the Steering Committee, which produced an overviewof all the feedback. The final proposal was presented at the ICOCS9th Scientific Meeting, held in Berlin on 22 October 2014. Results Resources Facilities The unit provides suitable facilities in an environment that is appropriate to the needs of people with OCD. The service offers places and resources for staff to carry out their duties effectively. Recommendable 1. To have private consultation rooms 2. Availability of a psychiatric inpatient ward or day treatment facilities (not necessarily specific for OCD, may be a generalpsychiatric inpatient ward) with specific knowledge of OCD treatment for severe patients or for specific OCD treatments. 1 Excellence 1. Consultation and counselling rooms large enough for family meetings 2. Group therapy room 3. Access to facilities for showering/bathing, for practising behavioural exercises 4. Computer and internet access for therapeutic exposure of patients 5. Access to kitchen facilities so as to practise preparing food Child units Availability of or integration with a paediatric general medical ser- vice (given the frequent comorbidity and, in particular, the poten-tial role of a post-infectious autoimmune basis in OCDpathophysiology). Human resources Skilled and qualified staff are essential to ensure that patients obtain the appropriate treatment in accordance with state-of-the- art knowledge. The staff members involved in the assessment and treatment of patients work as a multidisciplinary team and dis-cuss relevant clinical matters. Staff members are properly trainedfor their job and their continuing professional development is facili- tated. The roles and responsibilities of team members are defined. Recommendable 1. The unit has at least one staff psychiatrist with clinical experi- ence and training in the following: /C15 The diagnosis, background and treatment of OCD: /C15 Psychopathology of obsessions and compulsions and the assessment of insight. /C15 Main clinical dimensions/subtypes of OCD. /C15 Diagnostic criteria for OCD. /C15 The diagnosis, background and treatment of OCD spec- trum and related disorders.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 205" 487 W2624385668.pdf 8 "RattanakulandLenbury AdvancesinDifferenceEquations (2017) 2017:162 Page9of14 ofboundreceptorsofvarioustypesinturnsleadtodifferentlevelsofextracellularandin- tracellularcalciumaccordingtoequations( )and(),respectively.Thus,excessivelyhigh orlowcalciumlevelisbroughtbacktoanormallevelbysuchPTHfeedbackmechanism. We refer the readers to [ ]a n d[] for the detail of the manner in which the receptors are assumed to move toward neighboring receptors to form dimers or oligomers, after whichtheirbindingaffinityisimproved.Here,weshowthediagraminFigure toexplain how a receptor moves closer to its neighboring receptors that are bound to form dimersoroligomers.Iftherearemorethanoneboundreceptorinitsneighborhood,oneofsuchreceptorsischosenatrandomtobetheoneapproached. 4 Simulationresultsanddiscussion We discovered that the simulated time series from all simulation runs are not noticeablydifferentfromeachother,andtherefore,wesh owinthefollowingfigurestheaverageover  runs for each construct. In Figure the simulated time series of extracellularcalcium concentrationisshown,comparingthecasewhentraffickingisnotincorporatedintoourCA model ( ρ = .), corresponding to the dashed curve, to the case that receptor traf- fickingisincorporated,whichisthesolidcurve.Weseethatbothcurvesexhibitdampedoscillations, while the receptor trafficking has the expected effect of significantly raisingthe extracellular fluid calcium concentration. Trafficking facilitates dimerization, whichincreases binding affinity of the receptors as has been reported by Wu et al.[]. It is necessary for receptors such as the vascular endothelial growth factor to form dimers tobecome activated. Before the receptor monomers bind with the growth factor, they are Figure3 Simulatedtimecoursesofextracellularcalciumconcentrationaboveitsequilibriumlevel Eb=2.4mmol/L,usingtheparametervaluesgiveninTables 1and3." 488 W3197883300.pdf 12 "Viruses 2021 ,13, 1727 13 of 17 only at 40 and 42C (Figure 8). These data corroborate an important role of W421 in conferring stability to virus particles. Figure 8. Thermal stability of WT and mutants. Relative infectivity is expressed as percent of focus forming units (FFU) of the WT and mutants at 37C, 40C and 42C relative to the FFU of the WT control at 4C. Data are from at least three independent experiments; error bars represent the standard errors of the means (SEM). Asterisks indicate significant differences relative to the WT at the corresponding temperature (ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparison test; *p< 0.05, **p< 0.01, *** p< 0.001). 4. Discussion In this study, we investigated the role of the strictly conserved hydrophobic residue W421 in the CS element of the E-stem in the viral life cycle. Replacement of this residue by alanine or histidine impaired the secretion (and probably formation) of viral particles but had no apparent effect on their maturation, which involves acidic-pH-induced confor- mational changes and oligomeric reorganizations of prM and E to allow furin cleavage of prM in the TGN [ 16]. Likewise, the mutants were still capable of displaying those acidic- pH-triggered conformational changes that convert metastable E dimers into stable trimers and are necessary for membrane fusion during virus entry. These data are consistent with experiments that showed that the stem region is not involved in the stabilization of the E-trimer [ 13] and a study with a W421I SVP mutant of TBEV that was not only able to form stable post-fusion trimers, but also to fuse efficiently with liposomes [25]. The evidence presented in this work suggests that the dramatically reduced specific infectivities of supernatants from mutant-infected cells are related to the strongly reduced stability of viral particles, resulting in a tendency for disintegration and reduced resistance to thermal inactivation. Our findings are in agreement with the loss of infectivity of dengue virus serotype 2 particles with a W420A mutation (W421A in TBEV) [ 12], although detailed experiments for identifying the reasons of this defect were not performed with the dengue mutant. As revealed by cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structure analyses, CS connects two helices of the stem as a loop, both in mature and immature particles [ 3–12,44]. In mosquito-borne flaviviruses, W421 constitutes the last residue of H2, whereas in TBEV it is the first residue of the loop (Figures 1B and 9). Studies resolving the structures of mature Zika, Spondweni and dengue serotype 2 viruses identified several residues (including W421, TBEV numbering) in the stem region of E as being part of lipid-binding pockets" 489 W2005036511.pdf 16 "the group submitted to CABG, two patients were submitted to thrombolytic therapy (TIMI score 3 and TIMI score 7) without mortality. Conclusions The mortality was significantly higher in the group with clinical treatment ( P= 0.0189). The comparative study about the mortality of each group of TIMI score was not statistically significant: there was no correlation of TIMI score and mortality. Nephrology P37 Does intensive insulin therapy really reduce the incidence of acute renal injury in critically ill patients? An analysis using the rifle criteria JRA Azevedo1, RP Azevedo1, LC Lucena2, NNR Costa1, WS Sousa2 1Intensive Care Unit, Hospital São Domingos, São Luis – MA, Brazil; 2Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Dr Clementino Moura, São Luis – MA, Brazil Critical Care 2009, 13(Suppl 3): P37 (doi: 10.1186/cc7839) Introduction In 2001, Van den Berghe and colleagues introduced the concept of strict glycemic control in the critically ill patient [1]. The impact of this new approach was particularly significant when the renal outcome of the patients was evaluated. While some subsequent studies corroborated Van den Berghe and colleagues’ results, others could not demonstrate any benefit of intensive insulin therapy on mortality and renal outcome. One of the diffi- culties in comparing the incidence of acute renal dysfunction is the lack of consensus about its definition. The RIFLE criteria, proposed in 2004 [2], had the objective of standardizing this definition. Objective To compare the incidence and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients submitted to two different regi- mens of glycemic control, using the RIFLE criteria. Methods Analysis of 228 patients who had been previously included in a prospective study, randomized to intensive insulin therapy (Group 1) or to a carbohydrate restrictive strategy (Group 2). The RIFLE criteria were established according to the creatinine values on the first day and the last day of the ICU stay, and the highest value obtained during this period. The renal outcome was evaluated through the comparison of the last RIFLE score obtained during the ICU stay and the RIFLE score at admission, and then classified as favorable, stable or unfavorable. Results The two groups were comparable regarding demographic data, APACHE III score and comorbidities. The median blood glucose levels were 132.6 mg/dl in Group 1 and 142.0 mg/dl in Group 2 ( P= 0.02). Hypoglycemia occurred in 20 (18.1%) patients in Group 1 and in five (4.2%) patients in Group 2 ( P= 0.001). AKI developed in 52% of the patients and was associated with a higher mortality (39.4%) as compared with those who did not have AKI (8.2%) ( P<0.001). The renal function outcome wascomparable between the two groups ( P= 0.37) (Table 1). On the other hand, we have observed a significant correlation between the blood glucose levels and the incidence of AKI ( P= 0.007) (Figure 1). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only previous diabetes mellitus and age higher than 60 years were risk factors for AKI. Independent risk factors for mortality were hypo- glycemia and APACHE III score >60. Conclusions Intensive insulin therapy does not reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury evaluated through the RIFLE criteria when compared with a carbohydrate restrictive strategy. However, we have observed that an increase in the blood glucose levels beyond normal values is associated with an increase in the incidence of AKI. This, as well as the higher incidence of hypoglycemia, suggests that a carbohydrate restrictive strategy is safer than and as efficient as intensive insulin therapy in preventing AKI in critically ill patients. References 1. Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al .: Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:1359-1367. 2. Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, et al.: Acute renal failure – defi- nition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Con- sensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit Care 2004, 8:R204-R212. Pneumology P38 Experience in the intensive management of early postoperative lung transplantation patients of the Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa Group of Porto Alegre, Brazil CDAO Costa, JJ Camargo, SM Schio, IA Melo, T Machuca, L Sanchez, SM Camargo, FA Perin, JC Felicetti, A Nogueira, V Lobato Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre – RS, Brazil Critical Care 2009, 13(Suppl 3): P38 (doi: 10.1186/cc7840) Introduction After James Hardy’s pioneer initiative (1963) and the advance of lung preservation techniques, the progress of immuno- suppressive treatment with the discovery of cyclosporine and theAvailable online http://ccforum.com/supplements/13/S3 Figure 1 (abstract P37) Acute kidney injury (AKI) according to glycemic levels. Table 1 (abstract P37) Results Group 1 Group 2 Renal outcome ( n= 118) ( n= 110) P value Unfavorable 17 20 Stable 64 76 0.27 Favorable 29 22" 490 W3016559957.pdf 2 "    |  3 DRETCHEN ET al. delivered 100 µL of epinephrine in a 200-µL capacity cannula (pi - pette tip) that was attached to a 100-µL calibrated pipette. No dead space was present in the cannula following dose delivery. The entire dose was delivered at a depth of three-quarters of an inch into the right nostril. For IM epinephrine administration, the autoinjector dosing procedure provided in the manufacturer's in - structions was utilized. 2.5 | Sample collection Up to 2 mL of whole blood was collected (Vacuette® tube 4 mL K2EDTA [Greiner Bio-One]) via venous puncture from jugular or cephalic vein. Blood serum and plasma samples were separated from whole blood by centrifugation, kept on ice, and protected from light when possible during the collection, aliquoting, and transfer processes. The PK plasma samples were vortex-mixed for approxi - mately 1 minute, followed by centrifugation and aliquoting (typi - cally 3 × 100 μ L) into amber microcentrifuge tubes containing SMBS (5 μL). Following mixing, samples were transferred to the MRIGlobal Bioanalytical Group for analysis (one aliquot per PK sample). 2.6 | Bioanalysis of plasma samples Plasma samples were analyzed for epinephrine concentrations using a calibrator range (lower limit of quantitation to upper limit of quantitation) of either 0.4 to 10 ng/mL or 1 to 32 ng/mL. Samples used for quality control (QC) were 0.4, 1, 3, and 5 ng/mL, and 1, 4, 12, and 24 ng/mL, respectively. Control plasma was heat treated (55°C for ~ 8 days) and stabilized with SMBS (~ 317 mg/mL) (plasma/SMBS = 98:2, volume/volume) before use. Calibrators, QCs, blanks, and incurred samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction using Biotage Evolute ® Express WCX (10 mg) 96-well plates (Uppsala, Sweden) and epinephrine-d6 as a true internal standard. The obtained extracts were analyzed by liquid chroma - tography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a C18-PFP column. Analysis with LC-MS/MS was performed in positive electrospray ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring ionization. 2.7  | Statistical analysis Epinephrine plasma concentrations were adjusted to account for the plasma epinephrine baseline concentration by subtracting the average concentration of three pre-dose samples (1, 12, and 60 min - utes prior to time 0) from the post-dose values for each dog. In ad - dition, epinephrine concentrations were considered as outliers and removed from analysis if they exceeded two times the standard de - viation from the mean of baseline-subtracted post-dose epinephrine plasma concentrations of each dog over the course of blood sam - pling (1 to 90 minutes post-dose).TABLE 1 PK parameters following IN or IM administration of epinephrine PK parametera IN epinephrine IM epinephrine 2 mg n = 63 mgn = 64 mgn = 65 mgn = 610 mgn = 620 mgn = 50.15 mgn = 60.3 mgn = 6 C max (ng/mL) 2.79 ± 0.96 2.37 ± 1.26 3.75 ± 1.71 3.43 ± 0.65 8.28 ± 1.97 23.28 ± 8.71 1.25 ± 0.19 2.81 ± 0.97 Tmax (minutes) 37.00 ± 15.48 20.17 ± 14.10 48.50 ± 13.15 41.67 ± 15.95 15.00 ± 3.42 15.20 ± 11.23 21.83 ± 8.74 31.67 ± 9.37 AUC0–90 (ng*minutes/ mL)95.59 ± 41.39 91.23 ± 41.35 192.49 ± 99.49 153.19 ± 20.13 207.56 ± 55.72 660.61 ± 323.75 58.93 ± 6.64 118.43 ± 19.40 Abbreviations: AUC0–90, area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 90 minutes; Cmax, maximum plasma concentration; IM, intramuscular; IN, intranasal; PK, pharmacokinetic; Tmax, time to reach maximum plasma concentration. aResults are reported as mean ± standard error." 491 W2991635263.pdf 2 "fnins-13-01251 November 26, 2019 Time: 18:19 # 3 Musaeus et al. Microstates in Down Syndrome and Alzheimer’s Disease system. For impedance, the aim was to reach below 10 kOhm for all electrodes during the recordings. However, we do not have any records of the impedance before or after the recording. Preprocessing of Electroencephalography Results from analysis of spectral power have been presented elsewhere (Salem et al., 2015; Musaeus et al., 2019b). All preprocessing was performed in MATLAB (Mathworks, v2016a) using the EEGLAB toolbox (Delorme and Makeig, 2004). The electrodes were computationally located on the scalp using the DIPFIT toolbox (Oostenveld et al., 2011) with the standard 10– 20 cap model. The excessive channels were removed, and the data was bandpass filtered from 1 to 70 Hz, and bandstop filtered from 45 to 55 Hz using the pop_firws function in MATLAB, with a filter order of 2. Afterward, the data were then re- referenced to a common average montage. Then segments of both eyes open and closed were selected. Next, the data was divided into 1-s epochs and the EEGs were visually inspected and epochs with excessive artifacts were removed. If there was less than three channels with excessive artifacts, they were then interpolated using spherical interpolation otherwise the segments were rejected. Afterward, independent component analysis was performed with the extended infomax algorithm (Lee et al., 1999), and components containing eye blinks or eye movement were removed. Lastly, the EEGs were visually inspected and epochs with artifacts were removed. The person performing the preprocessing was blinded to whether the participants were DS or DS-AD. After the preprocessing, only subjects with at least 30 1-s epochs were used for further analysis. Furthermore, all epochs were selected within the first 30 s after the participants closed their eyes to avoid any effects from drowsiness or sleep. In the eyes closed condition, EEGs from 16 DS-AD, and 12 DS were included. We did not look at the eyes open segments due to the varying activities and focus for the participant when they had their eyes open. Microstate Analysis The microstates analysis was performed using the Microstate EEGlab Toolbox (Poulsen et al., 2018). Before the microstate analysis, we first band-pass filtered the data between 2 and 20 Hz with the same settings as mentioned above. Afterward, we concatenated the epochs for each subject, i.e., ending up having one continuous EEG file instead of 1-s epochs. To assure thequality of the individual microstate maps, we first extracted the global field power (GFP) peaks for each participant with the following settings: minimum peak distance of 10 ms, the number of GFP peaks was set at the maximum for the shortest EEG file, and GFP peaks that exceeded two times the standard deviation of the GFP of all maps were excluded. For segmentation, we used the Topographic Atomize and Agglomerate Hierarchical Clustering (TAAHC) algorithm. Afterward, each map was visually inspected and subsequently removed from the analysis if they did not resemble the four maps previous reported in the literature (Michel and Koenig, 2018). Here, we excluded EEGs from two persons with DS, and one person with DS-AD. In the final analysis, we concatenated the GFP peaks from all subjects (n DS= 10, n DS" 492 W4362536676.pdf 0 "1 Supplemental Table S1 . IC50s ( nM) for inhibition of enzyme activity for PARP family members Veliparib Olaparib Talazoparib Rucaparib A-934935 PARP1 1.05 +0.4 0.47 +0.04 0.50 +0.03 0.38 +0.01 0.77 +0.03 PARP2 0.42 +0.09 0.27 +0.01 0.26 +0.04 0.26 +0.01 0.31 +0.02 PARP3 98.3 +10.0 15.9 +2.96 23.4 +3.41 19.2 +4.73 109 +16.2 TNKS1 7,573 +2,011 1,447 +72.3 17.7 +2.1 296 +5.0 121 +16.3 TNKS2 1,927 +696 579 +53.6 5.13 +1.1 66.7 +41.2 21.1 +9.7 PARP6 > 10 ,000 1,137 +545 530 +179 > 10 ,000 > 10 ,000 PARP7 > 10 ,000 1,522 +1,099 > 10 ,000 > 10 ,000 > 10 ,000 PARP8 > 10 ,000 1,319 +622 254 +129 > 10 ,000 3,213 +1,350 PARP10 > 10 ,000 589 +269 9,293 +1,852 446 +89.8 2,410 +272 PARP11 No Inhibition 79% @ 10 µM 596 +100 1,200 +173 No Inhibition PARP12 > 10 ,000 3,577 +790 > 10 ,000 6,240 +1,629 6,680 +1,205 PARP15 > 10 ,000 5,483 +588 > 10 ,000 > 10 ,000 > 10 ,000 " 493 W2774662964.pdf 2 "Materials 2017 ,10, 1401 3 of 9 Dowling et al. reported 0and a to be 0.883 and 2 10" 494 W2800572547.pdf 7 "24. Yang Z, Wong WS, Nielsen R. Bayes empirical bayes inference of amino acid sites under positive selection. Mol Biol Evol. 2005;22:1107 –18. 25. Xu B, Yang Z. PAMLX: a graphical user interface for PAML. Mol Biol Evol. 2013;30:2723 –4. 26. Singh H, Raghava GP. ProPred1: prediction of promiscuous MHC class-I binding sites. Bioinformatics. 2003;19:1009 –14. 27. Singh H, Raghava GP. ProPred: prediction of HLA-DR binding sites. Bioinformatics. 2001;17:1236 –7. 28. Mathelier A, Fornes O, Arenillas DJ, Chen CY, Denay G, Lee J, et al. JASPAR 2016: a major expansion and update of the open-access database of transcription factor binding profiles. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44:D110 –5. 29. Ghittoni R, Accardi R, Chiocca S, Tommasino M. Role of human papillomaviruses in carcinogenesis. Ecancermedicalscience. 2015;9:526. 30. Chen Z, Jing Y, Wen Q, Ding X, Wang T, Mu X, et al. E6 and E7 gene polymorphisms in human papillomavirus Types-58 and 33 identified in Southwest China. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0171140. 31. Liu JH, Lu ZT, Wang GL, Zhou WQ, Liu C, Yang LX, et al. Variations of human papillomavirus type 58 E6, E7, L1 genes and long control region in strains from women with cervical lesions in Liaoning province, China. Infect Genet Evol. 2012;12:1466 –72. 32. Chan PK, Lam CW, Cheung TH, Li WW, Lo KW, Chan MY, et al. Association of human papillomavirus type 58 variant with the risk of cervical cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94:1249 –53. 33. Ding T, Wang X, Ye F, Cheng X, Ma D, Lu W, et al. Distribution of human papillomavirus 58 and 52 E6/E7 variants in cervical neoplasia in Chinese women. Gynecol Oncol. 2010;119:436 –43. 34. Murakami M, Gurski KJ, Marincola FM, Ackland J, Steller MA. Induction of specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte responses using a human papillomavirus-16 E6/E7 fusion protein and autologous dendritic cells. Cancer Res. 1999;59:1184 –7. 35. Yang A, Jeang J, Cheng K, Cheng T, Yang B, Wu TC. Current state in the development of candidate therapeutic HPV vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016;15:989 –1007. 36. Cornet I, Gheit T, Franceschi S, Vignat J, Burk RD, Sylla BS, et al. Human papillomavirus type 16 genetic variants: phylogeny and classification based on E6 and LCR. J Virol. 2012;86:6855 –61. 37. Miettinen M, McCue PA, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Biernat W, Czapiewski P, Kopczynski J, et al. Sox10 –a marker for not only schwannian and melanocytic neoplasms but also myoepithelial cell tumors of soft tissue: a systematic analysis of 5134 tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015;39:826 –35. 38. Tong X, Li L, Li X, Heng L, Zhong L, Su X, et al. SOX10, a novel HMG-box- containing tumor suppressor, inhibits growth and metastasis of digestive cancers by suppressing the Wnt/ β-catenin pathway. Oncotarget. 2014;5: 10571 –83. 39. Zhong WD, Qin GQ, Dai QS, Han ZD, Chen SM, Ling XH, et al. SOXs in human prostate cancer: implication as progression and prognosis factors. BMC Cancer. 2012;12:248.Xiet al. Virology Journal (2018) 15:76 Page 8 of 8" 495 W4210556692.pdf 0 "Original Paper Effect of Serial Anthropometr ic Measurements and Motiv ational Text Messages on Weight Reduction Among Workers:Pilot Randomiz ed Controlled Trial Renee Chan1, MBBS; Matthe w Nguyen1, MBBS; Rachel Smith1, MBBS; Sarah Spencer1, MBBS; Sabrina Winona Pit1,2, PhD, MSc, Dip (OHS) 1School Of Medicine, University Centre for Rural Health, Western Sydne y University , Lismore, Australia 2Rural Clinical School, University of Sydne y, Lismore, Australia Corr esponding Author: Sabrina Winona Pit, PhD, MSc, Dip (OHS) School Of Medicine University Centre for Rural Health Western Sydne y University 62 Uralba Street Lismore, 2480 Australia Phone: 61 266207570 Email: sabrina.pit@sydne y.edu.au Abstr act Backgr ound: Obesity is an endemic problem with signif icant health and financial consequences. Text messaging has been shown to be a simple and effective method of facilitating weight reduction. In addition, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) has emer ged as a signif icant anthropometric measure. However, few studies have examined the effect of serial anthropometric self-measurement combined with text messaging. Objecti ve: The primary aim of this study was to assess whether an 8-week program, consisting of weekly serial self-measurements of waist and hip circumference, combined with motivational text messages, could reduce WHR among Australian workers. Methods: This was a community-based, participant-blinded, staggered-entry , parallel group study . Adult workers with access to mobile phones were eligible and recruited through an open access Web-based survey. Participants were randomly allocated to recei ve interv ention or control messages for 8 weeks. Outcome data were self-assessed through a Web-based survey. Results: A total of 60 participants were randomized with 30 participants each allocated to a control and an interv ention group. There was no signif icant change in WHR (P=.43), and all secondary outcome measures did not differ between the interv ention group and the control group at the end of the 8-week interv ention. Both groups, however, showed a signif icant decrease in burnout over time (mean [SE]: pre 4.80 [0.39] vs post 3.36 [0.46]; P=.004). The interv ention uptak e followed a downw ard trend. Peak participant replies to weekly self-measurements were recei ved in week 3 (14/23, 61%) and the least in week 8 (8/23, 35%). No harm was found to result from this study . Conclusions: This study is an innovative pilot trial using text messaging and serial anthropometric measurements in weight management. No change was detected in WHRs in Australian workers over 8 weeks; therefore, it could not be concluded whether the interv ention affected the primary outcome. However, these results should be interpreted in the conte xt of limited sample size and decreasing interv ention uptak e over the course of the study . This pilot trial is useful for informing and contrib uting to the design of future studies and the growing body of literature on serial self-measurements combined with text messaging. Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616001496404; https://www .anzctr .org.au/T rial/Re gistration/T rialRe view.aspx?id=371696&isRe view=true (Archi ved by WebCite at http://www .webcitation.or g/73UkKFjSw) (JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019;7(4):e11832) doi: 10.2196/11832 KEYW ORDS text messages; obesity; waist-hip ratio; weight reduction programs; mHealth JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019 | vol. 7 | iss. 4 | e11832 | p. 1 https://mhealth.jmir .org/2019/4/e11832/ (page number not for citation purposes)Chan et al JMIR MHEAL TH AND UHEAL TH XSL•FO RenderX" 496 W4225876167.pdf 4 " Publisher: Jurusan Kebidanan P oltekkes K emenkes Malang Website: www. http://ojs. poltekkes -malang.ac.id/index.php/MAJORY 39 DISKUSI Menurut WHO (2013) , kepatuhan merupakan fenomena multidimens i yang ditent ukan oleh beb erapa faktor selain dari pasien itu sendiri, juga ada faktor lima dimensi yang saling terkait, yaitu faktor terapi, faktor sistem kesehatan, faktor lingkungan, faktor sosial ekonomi dan faktor dukungan keluarga, selain itu menurut Menurut Mori sky (2009) beberapa alasan ketidakpatuhan minum obat sebagai berikut : lupa, sengaja tidak minum obat, merasa kondisi memburuk, lupa membawa ketika bepergian, merasa kondisi membaik, menganggu keharusan minum obat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepatuhan mengkonsumsi ta blet tambah darah sebelum menggunakan aplikasi reminder berbasis android dalam kategori rendah (100%. ) Hal ini dikarenakan tidak ada yang mengingatkan saat minum tablet tambah darah (100%) , tidak nyaman dalam mematuhi rencana p engobatan (93%) , dan kesulita n dalam mengingat penggunaan obat (56%). Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan Riza (2015:15 - 23) menunjukkan bahwa pasien dengan tingka t kepatuhan tinggi 20 pasien (18,2%), tingkat kepatuhan sedang 43 pasien (39,1%), dan tingkat k epatuhan rendah 47 pasien (42,7%) saat sebelum diberikan intervensi. Kebanyakan pasien mengabaikan akan pentingnya pengobatan disebabkan oleh ketidaksengajaan (contohnya kelalaian atau terlupa minum obat), sengaja (tidak minum obat saat merasa penyakitnya bertambah p arah atau mem baik), dan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang penyakit dan tujuan pengobatannya. Hasil penelitian ini juga sejalan dengan penelitian Alfian (2015:129 -138) bahwa alasan ketidakpatuhan pasien yang diketahui dengan alas an lupa memin um obat sebesar 54,76 %, sengaja tidak minum obat sebesar 33,33 %, merasa kondisi lebih baik sebesar 33,33 %. Lupa, sengaja tidak minum , persepsi bahwa kondisinya membaik , dan tidak ada yang mengingatkan waktu konsumsi o bat merupakan alasan rendahnya kepatuhan konsum si ob at. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepatuhan minum tablet tambah darah setelah menggunakan aplikasi reminder berbasis android ini responden yang masuk dalam kategori kepatuhan tinggi (53,3%), sedang (6,7%), dan r endah (40%). Kepatuhan minum tablet tamba h darah pada remaja putri anemia mengalami peningkatan dikarenakan remaja putri sudah memiliki persepsi dan daya ingat yang lebih baik mengenai cara mengkonsumsi tablet tambah darah yang benar dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan skor setelah diberikan apl ikasi reminder . Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Alfian (2015:129 -138) menunjukkan tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pasien diabetes pada kelompok intervensi setelah dipasangkan aplikasi digital pengingat minum obat lebih besar (60,0%) dibanding kelompok kontrol (8,0%) peningkatan kepatuhan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dan penelitian terdahulu, membuktikan bahwa aplikasi reminder memiliki pengar uh terhadap kepatuhan seseorang, dikarenakan adanya stimulus untuk mengingat wak tu minum obat sesuai yang dianjurkan. Penggunaan aplikasi reminder berbasis android dalam penelitian ini memberikan pengingat yang tepat pada responden untuk mengkonsumsi tab let Silvi Maya Asrina | Kepatuhan Remaja Minum Tablet Tambah Darah Sebelum dan Setelah Menggunakan Aplikasi Reminder (Pengingat) " 497 W2536588821.pdf 11 "vltrt[avibtgrh5vlravthEvltAaokae2lrumovaevs5trtmtasort2. ae2chvlslh5t2s[h5tr grh5vlieTFmt2iomuhmRart2 5ivlvlt5i[2-v1Rt svraie3 Discussion )evlissvo21.5tEhoe2vlavvltT)AsEhrvigtu1u[iet ieurtast2 ieasvtR-5ist maeetr5ivlvlt Rrtsteut hEmovavihes ievltAaokhRtrheae2vltlruae2Ansggtets3:orvraesuriRvihea[ aea[- 1sisrtso[vsslh5t2vlavvltAaokhRtrheisligl[1t0Rrtsst2 iea[[stbtevigtu1u[iet-rtsisvaev K3nuemoruiae svraies.ie2iuavieg vlavvltAaokhRtrheR[a1saeimRhrvaev rh[tievigtu1u[iet rtsisvaeut ieK3nuemoruiae3 SltAaokgtet.[huavt2oRsvrtam hEAaoR.teuh2tsavraesuriR- vihea[rtRrtsshr ct[hegieg vhvltStvMEami[1.ae2amovavihe ieAaok[ta2svhvlthbtrt0Rrts- sihehEAaoR]w6.wNp3Slisrtgo[avihe isaulitbt2 biavltcie2ieghEMamMvhvltRrhmhvtr hE AaoR]–kp3Ihes1ehe1mhos movavihes ieAaokartrtRhrvt2 5ivlliglErtjoteu1 ievigtu1- u[iet-ehe-sosutRvic[t K3nuemoruiae u[ieiua[ish[avts]Hp3+ta[shi2teviEit2 castsocsvivovihes. iestrvihes ae22t[tvihes ievltAaokgtetLHμHUieK3nuemoruiae. uheEirmieg vltstRrtbihos Eie2iegs3 Sltstrtso[vsie2iuavtvlavAaokmovavihe isauhmmhe mtulaeism iebh[bt2 ievigt- u1u[ietrtsisvaeut3 SltWheRrhvtastisiebh[bt2 ievlt2tgra2avihe hETarqieEsfteAiftia frli]–,p3q[hss-hE- Eoeuvihemovavihe ielru5ho[2[ta2vhligltruheutevravihes hETarq.5liul5ho[2ieurtast t0Rrtssihe hEvltqurqXtEE[o0RomR3+t2tvtuvt2vlrtt2iEEtrtev v1RtshERhievmovavihes ie vltlrugtet.ae2uhmR[tmtevavihe ae2gtetéehuéhov t0Rtrimtevs 2tmhesvravt2 vlavlru movaevst0licivt2 ligltrrtsisvaeut vhvigtu1u[iet vlae5i[2-v1Rt K3nuemoruiae3 )eauvibavihe hElruisiebh[bt2 ievltmtulaeism hEvigtu1u[iet rtsisvaeut ieE3frliae2y3dvntiomAimo ]–w. ––p3ShvltctsvhEhoréeh5[t2gt. vlissvo21ieu[o2tsvltEirsvuhesvrouvihe hEalrumovaevie K3nuemoruiae. 5liula[[h5t2uheEirmavihe hEvltasshuiavihe hEmovavihes ievlisgtet5ivl vigtu1u[iet rtsisvaeut3 qvraesuriRv aea[1sisslh5t2vlav'Fw,,.'Fw,w.'Fw,9ae2'Fw,B Rrtstevt2 ligltrt0Rrtssihe [tbt[shErqxRSuhmRart2 5ivlvlt5i[2-v1Rt svraie3Sltstrtso[vs soggtsvvlavMarqae2:j0qXR[a1aeimRhrvaev rh[tie[achravhr1-tbh[bt2 vigtu1u[iet-rtsis- vaevsvraies]–8p.5ltrtasvltt0Rrtssihe hErqxRSmiglvctrtgo[avt2 c1lruiea[[Ehorsvraies vlavlarchrlrumovavihes3 MRsJisvlhoglvvhauvasagtetra[vargtvhEvigtu1u[iet a2aRvihe ae2amarétrEhra[vtravihes ieaevicihviu rtsisvaeut iecauvtria]–9p3SltRrhvtieteuh2t2c1vltAnsggtetisauhmRhetev hE vlt–k7richshma[ socoeivae2RarviuiRavts ievltEhrmavihe hEaXh0q-cie2ieg mh2o[t]–Bp3 Vi[[aeEal3rtRhrvt2 aeamiehaui2socsvivovihe hEV9HWieK3nuemoruiae Ansg]6p.ae2hor rtso[vsuheEirmt2 vltRrtsteut hEvlisamiehaui2socsvivovihe ievlisgtet3SltV9HWmovavihe miglvuaost5taétrcie2ieghEvigtu1u[iet vh,B7rMIq.[ta2iegvhvigtu1u[iet rtsisvaeut ]6p3 Slt7,kmovavihe lasa[shcttertRhrvt2 ieEuEeArfrffms faefimo. E3frli.yEantvlrfrffms amAems.yEAenErfrffms nuemoruiae ae2RfiueErbafEeA bamoauuii ]–9.–H.–6p3Fh5tbtr. 5t2i2 ehvaulitbtAnsgéehuéhov ieK3nuemoruiae3 )ea22ivihe. a[[avvtmRvs vhaulitbta[[t[iurtR[aut- mtevavvlis[huosieE3frli.R3bamoauuii ae2E3faefimolabtEai[t2]–9.–Np3SlisEai[ort uho[2ct2otvhvlttsstevia[rh[thE7,kievraes[avihe ae2vraesuriRvihe3Table 5.Tigecycli neMICs and relative growt hrates ofK.pneumoni aeXH209 and itsisogenic mutants . Strain Genotyp e TGC MIC (mg/L) Relative growt hrate Broth E-test XH209 wt 2 1 100.0 XH872 ΔramR::ap r 16 12 93.6 XH889 Δlon::apr 8 3 96.3 doi:10.13 71/journal.pone .0165019.t005 The Role oframR, lonandrpsJ inTigecycline Resistanc e PLOS ONE |DOI:10.1 371/journ al.pone.0165 019 October 20,2016 12/16" 498 W4386601127.pdf 6 "Toxics 2023 ,11, 765 7 of 18 Toxics 2023 , 11 , x 7 of 19 intervention group mice was relatively mild on days 7 and 42. The same outcomes were observed using the Szapiel inflammatory score (Figur e 3B, C). 3.2.2. Masson Staining Masson staining results (Figure 3D) showed that on day 7, the alveolar structure of the lung tissue in the control group mice was intac t, and no obvious collagen fiber depo- sition was found, with only a small amount of strom al collagen fibers (blue stained area) present around the walls of the large airways and b lood vessels. The Masson staining re- sults of lung tissues in the SiO 2 group and Tet intervention group mice were similar to those in the control group, which may be related to the fact that inflammation is mainly present in the early stage of silica dust exposure, while tissue fibrosis repair mainly occurs in the mid to late stage. The quantitative analysis of collagen fibers stained by Masson showed that there was no significant difference in co llagen fiber area between the SiO 2 group and the Tet intervention group in the lung ti ssues of mice compared to the control group (Figure 3E). On day 42, blue-stained collagen fiber deposition co uld be observed in the alveolar septa and bronchial walls of SiO 2 group mice, and the degree of collagen deposition in the Tet intervention group was lower than that in the S iO 2 group. Similarly, quantitative anal- ysis results indicate that the area of collagen fibe rs in the lung tissues of SiO 2 group mice was significantly increased compared to the control group ( p < 0.05). Compared with the SiO 2 group, the area of collagen fibers in the Tet inter vention group decreased significantly (p < 0.05) (Figure 3F). Figure 3. Histopathological changes in mouse lungs. ( A) Representative HE staining images of lung sections (200×) from each group of mice on days 7 a nd 42 of SiO 2 exposure ( n = 3). (B) Szapiel scores for HE staining after the 7-day experiment were sta tistically analyzed. ( C) The statistical evaluation of the Szapiel scores for the 42-day experiment’s H E staining. ( D) The representative images of Figure 3. Histopathological changes in mouse lungs. ( A) Representative HE staining images of lung sections (200 ) from each group of mice on days 7 and 42 of SiO 2exposure ( n =3). (B) Szapiel scores for HE staining after the 7-day experiment were statistically analyzed. ( C) The statistical evaluation of the Szapiel scores for the 42-day experiment’s HE staining. ( D) The representative images of Masson staining of lung tissue sections from each group of mice (200 ) (n =3). (E) The results of the quantitative Masson staining analysis after the 7-day trial. ( F) The outcomes of the quantitative Masson staining analysis after the 42-day experiment. Results are expressed as mean SD, compared with the control group, *** p< 0.001, ** p< 0.01; Compared with SiO 2group,#p< 0.05,###p< 0.001. 3.3. Tet Could Relieve SiO 2-Induced Inflammation by Inhibiting Inflammatory Cytokines TNF- a, IL-1b, MCP-1, and TGF- b1 mRNA in the Lung Tissues of Mice According to the results of RT-qPCR, on day 7, SiO 2exposure increased the levels of TNF- a,IL-1b,MCP-1 , and TGF- b1mRNA expression in the lung tissue of mice by 4.88, 6.97, 4.12, and 0.45 times, respectively, in comparison to the control group (all p< 0.05). In addition, compared with the SiO 2group, the expression levels of TNF- a,IL-1b,MCP-1 , and TGF- b1mRNA in the Tet intervention group decreased by 0.74, 0.69, 0.62, and 0.22 times, respectively (all p< 0.05) (Figure 4A,C). On day 42, SiO 2exposure upregulated TNF- a,IL-1b,MCP-1 , and TGF- b1mRNA expression levels in the lung tissues of mice by 3.94, 10.23, 63.59, and 1.83-fold, respectively, compared with the control group (all p< 0.05). By comparing the expression levels of inflammatory factors on the 7th and 42nd days, it was discovered that, except TNF- a, the enhanced expression of IL-1b,MCP-1 , and TGF- b1mRNA on day 42 after SiO 2exposure were more significant than those on day 7. In the Tet intervention group compared to the SiO 2group, the expression TNF- a,IL-1b,MCP-1 , and TGF- b1mRNA was downregulated by 0.84, 0.71, 0.70, and 0.57 times, respectively (all p< 0.05) (Figure 4B,C)." 499 W4210681436.pdf 2 "330 The remaining six patients were all found to have temporal lobe foci and anti-convulsant medication was introduced with therapeutic effect in four cases. Further investigation of one of these patients also revealed the presence of a cerebral aneurysm. Comment A number of methodological flaws are apparent in the present study. Because of its retrospective nature it has not been possible to eliminate several sources of bias. For instance, the neurophysiologist reporting the EEGs was already informed of clinical details and must have made his interpretations with these in mind. This was inevitable, as the intention was to assess the significance of EEG recordings in clinical psychiatric practice. The nature of the sample studied must also be borne in mind; the present study cannot be regarded as a random survey of psychiatric patients. They were selected by the referring psychiatrist on the grounds of his suspecting or needing to eliminate the presence of organic cerebral disorder. The percentage of abnormal recordings warrants some comment. Non-specific abnormalities have been reported in 5-10% of normal subjects and in up to 26% of psychoneurotic patients. Of our sample, 29% had an abnormal recording and half of these had a specific abnormality. Even the equivocal recordings demonstrated abnormality in excess of the non-specific increase in thcta activity described by Williams.8 Not surprisingly there is a reliable associationbetween abnormal EEG recordings and 'organic' factors in the history, mental state and neurological examination. Similarly, there is evidence that the psychiatrists could accurately predict what the EEG recordings would be (Table III). However, it should not be assumed that such accuracy implies that referrals were appropriate, as a large proportion of accurate predictions were of normal recordings. The clinical value of the EEG is reflected not by the proportion of abnormal recordings but by theinfluence of the recordings on the patient's manage ment, diagnosis and prognosis. Table IV shows that management, diagnosis and prognosis were influenced in 13.2% of cases. This is comparable with the usefulness of the CT scanner in psychiatry,Roberts & Lishman9 having found that the CT scanner influenced diagnosis, management and/or prognosis in 11.7% of patients scanned for clinical reasons.Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists A review of the literature by the authors revealed only one previous study that quantifies the clinicalusefulnessoftheEEG.Colgan&Philpott'°examined the results of 49 elderly patients referred on clinical grounds for EEG. Whilst 75.5% of recordings were abnormal, only 2% influenced future clinical practice. We would argue that the EEG does have a place in clinical psychiatric practice, but only in selected patients. Our findings suggest that the cost-effective ness of the EEG in psychiatry would be improved ifrecordings were limited to patients with 'organic' fac tors or in whom the referring psychiatrist anticipated an abnormal recording. However, we do not feel that the significance of these findings is high enough to exclude the usefulness of the EEG in the clinicalsetting when 'organic' factors and the psychiatrist's expectations are absent. Indeed, some may argue that the EEG is more useful when the abnormality is completely unexpected. References 'FENTON,G. W., TENNENT. T. G., FENWICK, P. B. C. & RATTRAY. N. (1974)The EEG in anti-social behaviour: a study of posterior temporal slow activity in special hospital patients. Psychological Medicine,4, 181-186. 2HowARD,R. C. (1984)The clinical EEG and personality in mentally abnormal offenders. Psychological Medicine, 14, 569-580. 3GnuHLE, H. (I936) Wahn Ãœberden bei Epilepsie. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte, Neurologie und Psvchialrie, 154,395-399. *HILL, J. D. N. (1953) Psychiatrie aspects of epilepsy. Medical Press, 229,473-475. 5PoND,D. A. (1957) Psychiatric aspects of epilepsy. Journal of the Indian Medica! Profession. 3, 1441 1451.6SLATER. E., BEARD. A. W. & CLITHEROE, E. (1963) The schizophrenia-like psychosis of epilepsy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 109,95 150.7FLOR-HENRY, P. (1969) Psychosis and temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 10, 363 395.8WILLIAMS. D. (1941) The significance of an abnormal electro-encephalogram. Journal of Neurology and Psvchiatn-, 4,257-268. ""ROBERTS. J. K. A. & LISHMAN, W. A. (1984) The use of the CAT head scanner in clinical psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry. 145, 152-158. 10CoLGAN, J. & PHILPOTT. M. (1985) The routine use of investigations in elderly psychiatric patients. Age and Ageing. 14,163 167. A detailed lisi of references is available from the authors on request.https://doi.org/10.1192/S014007890002099X Published online by Cambridge University Press" 500 W3112971779.pdf 9 "Al-Adab Journal – No. 135 ( December ) 2020 / 1442 42 Table 7. Respondents’ perceptions on choosing to study tourism major Table 8 demonstrates the positive perceptions of the respondents to work in the tourism industry in the future (mean vale of 4.20). They are happy to choose tourism as a career path (4.23), plan to work in the industry after graduation (4.24), and will do their utmost to get a pr ofession in the tourism sector (4.16). Table 8. Respondents’ perceptions on career intention/ commitment to work in tourism Measurement Model The measurement model looks at the validity and reliability of the measurement scale. It examines the relationships between indicators and their relevant constructs. Conducting the SEM analysis using the WarpPLS Software program (Ver. 7), the measurement model showed good model fit indices according to (Kock, 2020 ): Average path coefficient (APC)=0.233, P<0.001, average R -squared (ARS)=0.727, P<0.00 1, average adjusted R -squared (AARS)=0.720, P<0.001, average block VIF (AVIF)=2.497 (ideal), average full collinearity VIF (AFVIF)=2.521 (ideal), Tenenhaus GoF (GoF)=0.707 (large), Sympson's paradox ratio (SPR)=0.833 (acceptable), R -squared contribution ra tio (RSCR)=0.937 (acceptable), statistical suppression ratio (SSR)=1 (acceptable), and Nonlinear bivariate causality direction ratio (NLBCDR)=1 (acceptable). enter Compared to other fields, it is easy to study this field 4.29 .832 Studying tourism major in university was a correct decision 4.20 .883 Grand mean 3.99 Career intention/ commitment to work in tourism Mean Std. Deviation I am very happy to have chosen tourism as a career path 4.23 .852 I intend to work in the tourism industry after graduation. 4.24 .839 I would like to work in the tourism industry after graduation 4.22 .849 I see my vocational (professional) future in the tourism industry 4.17 .810 I will do my best to acquire a job in the tourism industry 4.16 .893 Grand mean 4.20" 501 W3185215762.pdf 10 "Goals of the Bioavailability Ratio (BR) Addresses two key points: 1)Provides a formal way of quantifying variance in contaminant partitioning 2)Translating bioavailability among phases relevant for contaminant characterization: Cfree, Ctotal, Clipid " 502 W936227339.pdf 1 "532 Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol., Salvador, v.12, especial, p.531-534, dez.2013Joaquim Custódio da Silva Júnior e Helton Estrela Ramossister had hyperthyroidism secondary to Graves’ disease some years ago, and was successfully treated with radi - oiodine. At admission, he had normal blood pressure (110/70 mmHg), a normal-high resting pulse rate (95 beats per minute), and a respiratory rate of 22 incursions per minute. On physical examination, the main finding was a loss of muscular strength at legs (grade 1/5) and arms (grade 2/5). The laboratorial profile have showed an important hypokalemia (1.7 mmol/L, normal range 3.5-5.1 mmol/L), a discrete hypophosphatemia (1.6 mmol/L, normal range 2.5-4.5 mmol/L) and a normal- low magnesemia (1.6 mmol/L, normal range 1.6-2.3 mmol/L). The serum levels of sodium and calcium were at normal ranges. The arterial blood gasometry didn’t show acid-base alteration. There was also an elevation of the total bilirubin (4.3 mg/dL, normal range 0.2-1.3 mg/dL) and the creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels (566 U/L, normal range 55-170 U/L). The myocardial injury specific markers CK-MB (creatine kinase-myocardial band) and troponin were normal. The electrocardiogram presented a right bundle branch block, with a sinusal rhythm. The axial computed tomography of the brain was normal. An intravenous drip with 20 mEq/L of potassium chloride diluted in saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution) was started, and the patient was transferred to the In - tensive Care Unit of the Hospital. A normalization of se - rum potassium levels to 3.8 mmol/L was associated with an important improvement of the muscular weakness, allowing the patient to walk with the help of an assistant 12 hours after the start of the drip. The Endocrinology team of was called to investi - gate the etiology of the electrolyte disturbance. At his first analysis, the Endocrinologist (J.C.S.Jr.) noted a nor - mal heart-beat rhythm (72 beats per minute), and no alterations at blood pressure, or respiratory rate. The patient had a subtle ocular proptosis (not measured) and, at neck palpation, the thyroid gland was enlarged (twice the normal volume), but no pain and nodules were observed. The thyroid function tests confirmed thyrotoxico - sis, with a suppressed TSH level (TSH < 0.02 mUI/L), as - sociated with elevated total T4 of 24.2 ng/dL (Table 1). A thyroid ultrasound revealed an augmented gland (20.8 cm3 of volume, normal range until 15 cm3), with no nod - ules. Thyrotoxicosis treatment was promptly started with propylthiouracil 300 mg per day (100 mg three times a day), prednisone 20 mg per day and propranolol 40 mg twice a day. The patient was followed for more five days at hospital, with a satisfactory clinical evolution. At dis - charge, he was oriented to maintain use of propylthioura - cil 100 mg three times a day and propranolol 40 mg twice a day; the corticosteroid was stopped. He was advised to stop the regular consumption of sugar-rich diet. Thirty days after the onset of the symptoms, the patient returned for consultation, with thyroid function tests showing a great response to anti-thyroid drugs (see Table 1). The TRAb (thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody) value was 4.5 UI/L (normal range: below 1.75 UI/L). Following the recommendation of most recent guidelines3, we have changed the anti-thyroid drug to me - thimazole 10 mg once a day. Due to a slow heart beat (56 beats per minute), propranolol dose was reduced to 20 mg twice a day. In the follow-up, 4 months after the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, the patient referred absence of symp - toms of thyrotoxicosis and no recurrence of muscle weak - ness (see Table 1 to view the laboratory profile). Patient refused treatment with radioiodine at this moment due concern about infertility. The methimazole dose was maintained with recommendation of return each 3 months (or before, if symptoms recurrency). Table 1. Laboratorial findings. " 503 W3193635244.pdf 5 "Tinjaua n Pengetahuan Perekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan Mengenai Aturan Penggunaan ICD 10 dalam Menentukan Diagnosa di RS Bhayangkara TK II Sartika Asi h Bandung Jurnal Health Sains, Vol . 2, No . 8, Agustus 2021 1019 B. Pembahasan Tabel 3 Uji Hipotesis Chi Square pernyataan kuesioner X1 tentang aturan -aturan ICD Chi Square df Asymp Sig X1.1 12,800a 1 ,000 X1.2 9,800a 1 ,002 X1.3 1,800a 1 ,180 X1.4 ,000a 1 1,000 X1.5 5,000a 1 ,025 X1.6 5,000a 2 ,026 Total_X1 7,300b 2 ,026 1. Berdasarkan pernyataan ke 1 “saya telah memahami dagge r dan asterisk” yang menjawab “ya” itu sebanyak 90% dan yang menjawab “tidak” sebanyak 10% 2. Berdasarkan pernyataan ke 2 “saya bisa menentukan lead term dengan tepat sesuai dengan ICD 10” yang menjawab “ya” sebanyak 85% dan yang menjawab “tidak” sebanyak 15% 3. Berda sarkan pernyataan ke 3 “saya telah memahami tentang cara pemakaian exclude atau include pada ICD 10” yang menjawab “ya” sebanyak 65% dan yang menjawab “tidak” 35% 4. Berdasarkan pernyataan ke 4 “saya mampu memahami perbedaan dari setiap Rule MB” yang me njawab “ya” sebanyak 50% dan yang menjawab “tidak” sebanyak 50% 5. Berdasarkan pernyataan ke 5 “saya bisa membedakan kondisi utama (main condition) dan kondisi lain (other condition)” yang menjawab “ya” sebanyak 75% dan yang menjawab “tidak” 25% 6. Berdasarkan p ernyat aan ke 6 “saya seorang koder dan saya telah memahami arti Parentheses” yang menjawab “ya” sebanyak 75% dan yang menjawab “tidak” sebanyak 25% Hasil penelitian setelah dilakukan uji Chi Square Test mendapatkan nilai p sebesar 0,026 sehingga p <0,05. Berdas arkan uji statistik dapat ditemukan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara aturan -aturan ICD -10 dengan pengetahuan Perekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa latar belakang pendidikan berperan dalam menunjang pengetahua n yang dibutuhkan seorang Perekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan untuk menghasilkan kode yang akurat, hal ini dikarenakan: 1. Dasar ilmu yang didapatkan akan mendukung dalam mencari kode 2. Mencocokan obat serta tindakan yang diberikan 3. Mencocokan tulisan dokter d engan kode diagnosa yang berada di ICD -10 dan kode tindakan yang berada di ICD - 9-CM. Tabel 4" 504 W4320730775.pdf 6 "Transport Policy 134 (2023) 119–127 125manufacturing industries, together with low specialisation in faster growing industries. Prior research has also argued that an element of the productivity problem in Wales links to the relatively low number of SMEs identified as having high growth prospects, with this entailing low rates of business evolution from small into medium-sized firms (Eco- nomic Intelligence Wales, 2019). While these productivity differences have proven to be persistent, the case evidence in this paper suggests that infrastructure development and resulting innovation between managing contractors and their local suppliers (particularly SME sup- pliers) and the new growth opportunities that arise, could play a role in improving productivity growth. The wider effects identified in this paper suggest that the total regional gains resulting from the infra- structure development will exceed those direct and indirect impacts estimated in the previous section. 6.Discussion It was argued at the outset that transport appraisal approaches typically focus on end user benefits of new or improved infrastructure or provide a snapshot of expected or actual gains in the periods leading up to, and after, the project’s construction stage. However, this paper ar- gues for closer monitoring of in-process benefits. While the monitoring outlined in the paper primarily provided a longitudinal tracking of im- pacts to the local economy, in particular focusing on labour market gains, sectoral support and supply chain legacies, these gains may not be merely short term, temporarily transferred from another area or obscured by externalities (Laird and Venables, 2017; SACTRA, 1999). Instead, these in-process economic gains contribute to longer-term regional economic development that is particularly pertinent for lag- ging regions. In the A465 case, evidence of benefits dispersing across the economy was found, from a spillover of output and GVA gains that can spur productivity, through to labour market benefits, an upskilling of the labour force and the development of sustainable collaborations along supply chains and across sectors. In practical terms socio-economic outcomes in road transport appraisal processes remain undervalued (Atkins et al., 2017) and largely overlook the in-process benefits (Laird and Venables, 2017). While cost-benefit analysis ex ante and ex post remain important it is often too procedural (Kelly et al., 2015; Odeck and Kjerkreit, 2019), disconnected from supply side improvements (Mullen and Marsden, 2015), affected by optimism bias (Flyvbjerg, 2007, 2009) and with a challenge to con- nect it with in-process analysis. While studies might focus on the com- parison between ex ante and ex post analyses (see Kelly et al., 2015) the explicit consideration of in-process benefits is often omitted. Moreover, the scarcity of in-process evaluations creates mistrust over account - ability, with a potential for those possessing knowledge of the system to maximise the gaps in the appraisal process and highlight only the favourable outcomes (Flyvbjerg et al., 2016). Incorporating periodic reviews during the lifetime of the infrastructure projects provides greater transparency, allows for in-process comparisons to be made with similar infrastructure projects and incorporates real-time reporting from sources directly impacted by the project. By more fully connecting ex ante claims with ex post outcomes, in-process reporting may help to reduce the tendency towards ‘survival of the unfittest’ in terms of future infrastructure projects. Despite scepticism over the construction sector’s low-value proper - ties and propensity to market volatility (Angulo et al., 2018; Lagravi - nese, 2015), this paper points to the overlooked benefits of long-term infrastructure projects when building sectoral specialisation and struc- ture of the region. Potential benefits can be realised by monitoring and building on the socio-economic benefits during the in-process stage and supporting these benefits into the ex post stage. This study points to the advancements of wider economic gains during the course of the con- struction and operations phases (i.e., design, development, build and handover), establishing collaborations, expertise and expansion oppor - tunities that transcend the life of the project itself. While the completed infrastructure is seen to provide productivity and competitiveness ben- efits (Love et al., 2016; Mullen and Marsden, 2015) this paper highlights the importance of the ‘in-process’ activities for augmenting existing sectoral and labour market components, therefore helping to support lagging economies. The mixed methods analysis and periodic design of the analysis captured the accumulating effects in real time, monitoring how these expand across the time-horizon (seven years) studied and identifying legacy effects for regions and the businesses and workers within them. The method then facilitated the identification of the wider regional gains that cannot be fully captured though the quantitative modelled impact analysis. This paper begins to demonstrate that monitoring de- velopments provides a better understanding of how, and to what extent, transportation schemes can bring more unexpected benefits. The process by which lessons and competencies are collaboratively attained, shared and fostered may help to support the development of indirect knowledge spillovers across the local economy (Steen and Hansen, 2014; Qui et al., 2017). As the findings from this study also suggest, these knowledge spillovers bring with them opportunities for longer-term incremental innovation for firms across the local supply chain (Hervas-Oliver et al., 2019; McCann and Simonen, 2005; Morrissey and Cummins, 2016). This study then contributes to an overlooked aspect of transport planning and policy, illustrating how the in-process operations and construction ac- tivities can encourage and embed subsequent and longer-term socio- - economic outcomes for regions. The case considered in this paper also illustrates that systematically monitoring socio-economic impacts during the course of a development ensures greater transparency (Flyvbjerg et al., 2016; Penyalver et al., 2019), identification of potentially additional economic outcomes, accountability and continuity in measurement of outcomes. This would facilitate an orderly progression towards the factors that might also be considered in the ex post analysis of wider user benefits of the new infrastructure. 7.Limitations and future research The paper is not without some limitations. For example, while it addresses potential localised externalities advanced during the in- process operations and activities, there is still scope for follow-up research to more fully understand how these network and innovative gains might vary depending on firm and regional characteristics. Moreover, the specific Welsh policy context towards the encouragement of in-process benefits may restrict generalisation of the findings to other places. It is also noted that the economic modelling framework has limita - tions, not least in terms of embracing changes to the supply side of the economy caused by the road development process. Aside from the standard assumptions, the analysis also took no account of the nature of project financing and its source, and that impacts may vary according to the procurement model adopted. The Input-Output framework does not identify opportunity costs associated with the public spending. To re- dress these types of problems and better understand the complex regional effects associated with construction shock, displacement and financing variations, a computable general equilibrium model would be a more appropriate methodological tool (Kim et al., 2011; Rokicki et al., 2021). However, while the limitations to the Input-Output model are accepted, this paper does use a combination of data sources and cases to support and unpack claims, combining a focus on the periodic assess - ment of economic benefits understood through the framework of an economic model but then supported and supplemented through quali - tative case studies. In doing so, the paper reveals that a better under - standing and structuring of in-process benefits of infrastructure improvements is important for a more holistic appraisal of impact. There is a final question on the extent to which the effects described in this paper apply to other major infrastructure projects in Wales (and elsewhere). The effects and issues discussed in the paper are considered M. Munday et al." 505 W4286383164.pdf 1 "STEP KONFERENCE 2022 2 ekspеrtiza qilish va хatarni bahоlash tizimini takоmillashtirish, krеditlar bo’yicha muammоli qarzlarning hоsil bo’lishiga yo’l qo’ymaslik bоrasida оldini оlish chоralarini ko’rish yo’ li bilan tijоrat banklarining krеdit pоrtfеli muttasil o’sishi hamda sifati yaхshilanishini ta’minlash 2011 –2015 yillarda rеspublika mоliya - bank tizimini yanada islоh qilish va barqarоrligini оshirishning ustuvоr yo’nalishlaridan biri sifatida bеlgilab bеr ilgan edi. O’zbеkistоn Rеspublikasida banklar bank оpеratsiyalarini amalga оshirishga dоir qarоrlar qabul qilishda mustaqil bo’lib, o’rnatilgan tartibda krеdit siyosatini ishlab chiqadi va amalga оshiradi. Bank krеdit siyosatining maqsadi krеditlash jaray onida amaldagi qоnunchilik talablari va mе’yorlariga riоya etish, krеdit siyosati va krеditlash tartiblarining bir хilligini kafоlatlash, tavakkalchiliklarni muntazam ravishda divеrsifikatsiyalash, bank krеdit pоrtfеli sifatini yaхshilash va krеditlash jarayonini to’g’ri amalga оshirish оrqali bank faоliyatining fоydaliligi va samaradоrligini ta’minlashdan ibоrat. Mamlakatimiz tijоrat banklarida krеdit pоrtfеlini shakllantirish va krеdit siyosatini ishlab chiqishda samarali ishlar amalga оshirilib kеlinmоq da natijada biz yuqоrida ko’rsatib, tahlil qilib o’tgan muvaffaqiyatlarga erishilmоqda. Ammо shunday bo’lishiga qaramasdan bank krеdit pоrtfеli muntazam ravishda tahlil va audit qilib bоrish lоzimligi qоnunchilikda bеlgilab bеrilgan. Bunda asоsiy e’tibоr ajratilayotgan krеditni sifat jihatdan ko’rib chiqish bilan birga krеditlash jarayonini bоshqarish sifatini bahоlash, jumladan, tasdiqlangan krеdit siyosatiga va krеdit hujjatlarini rasmiylashtirish jarayonlariga, garоvni rasmiylashtirish va bahоlash, krеdi tlashga dоir vakоlatlarni taqsimlash, qоnunchilik mе’yorlariga riоya qilishga muvоfiqligini ta’minlashga qaratilishi lоzim. Bugungi kunda Respublikamizda iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirishga yo‘naltirilgan bank kreditlari hajmining oshishi, bank kreditlaridan fo ydalanayotgan turli mulkchilik va xo‘jalik yuritish shaklidagi mijozlar miqdori ko‘payishi va banklar tomonidan" 506 W4366987338.pdf 0 "This is a self-archived version of an original article. This version may differ from the original in pagination and typographic details. Author(s): Title: Year: Version: Copyright: Rights: Rights url: Please cite the original version: CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Teachers’ occupational well-being in relation to teacher–student interactions at the lower secondary school level © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published version Chan, Sze Wah; Pöysä, Sanni; Lerkkanen, Marja-Kristiina; Pakarinen, Eija Chan, S. W., Pöysä, S., Lerkkanen, M.-K., & Pakarinen, E. (2023). Teachers’ occupational well- being in relation to teacher–student interactions at the lower secondary school level. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, Early online. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2023.2204114 2023" 507 W2139870539.pdf 1 "Tietze R, Schreiber E, Lyer S, Alexiou C. Mitoxantrone loaded superparamagnetic nanoparticles for drug targeting: a versatile and sensitive method for quantification of drug enrichment in rabbit tissues using HPLC -UV. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:597304. Tietze R, Lyer S, Durr S, Struffert T, Engelhorn T, Schwarz M, Eckert E, Goen T, Vasylyev S, Peukert W, Wiekhorst F, Trahms L, Dorfler A, Alexiou C. 2013 . Efficient drug -delivery using magnetic nanoparticles --biodistribution and therapeutic effects in tumour bearing rabbits. Nanomedicine 9:961 -971 " 508 W2086495114.pdf 7 "8 Abstract and Applied Analysis ×𝜏𝜇𝜌]𝑝(𝜏)𝑝(𝜌)󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨H(𝜏,𝜌)󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨𝑑𝜏𝑑𝜌 ≤𝑡−𝛼−𝛽−𝛾−𝛿−2(𝜇+ ])󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑓󸀠󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑟󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑔󸀠󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑠𝑡 Γ(𝛼)Γ(𝛾) ×∬𝑡 0𝜏𝜇𝜌](𝑡−𝜏)𝛼−1(𝑡−𝜌)𝛾−1 ×2𝐹1(𝛼+𝛽+𝜇,−𝜂;𝛼;1−𝜏 𝑡) ×2𝐹1(𝛾+𝛿+ ],−𝜁;𝛾;1−𝜌 𝑡)𝑝(𝜏)𝑝(𝜌)𝑑𝜏𝑑𝜌 ≤󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑓󸀠󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑟󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑔󸀠󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑠𝑡𝐼𝛼,𝛽,𝜂,𝜇 𝑡{𝑝(𝑡)}𝐼𝛾,𝛿,𝜁, ] 𝑡{𝑝(𝑡)}, (37) whichcompletestheproofof Theorem5 . Remark 6. For𝛾=𝛼,𝛿=𝛽,𝜁=𝜂,a n d ]=𝜇,Theorem5 immediatelyreducesto Theorem4 . 3. Consequent Results and Special Cases As implications of our main results, we consider some consequentresultsofTheorems 4and5bysuitablychoosing the function 𝑝(𝑡).T ot h i se n d ,l e tu ss e t 𝑝(𝑡) = 𝑡𝜆(𝜆 ∈ [ 0 , ∞ ) , 𝑡∈( 0 , ∞ ) ) ;t h e n ,o nu s i n g( 10), Theorems 4and5 yieldthefollowingresults. Corollary 7. Let𝑓and𝑔be two synchronous functions on [0,∞).I f𝑓󸀠∈𝐿𝑟([0,∞)),𝑔󸀠∈𝐿𝑠([0,∞)),𝑟>1,𝑟−1+𝑠−1= 1,then 2󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨Γ(𝜇+𝜆+1)Γ(𝜆+1−𝛽+𝜂) Γ(𝜆+1−𝛽)Γ(𝜆+𝜇+1+𝛼+𝜂) ×𝑡𝜆−𝛽−𝜇𝐼𝛼,𝛽,𝜂,𝜇 𝑡{𝑡𝜆𝑓(𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)} −𝐼𝛼,𝛽,𝜂,𝜇 𝑡{𝑡𝜆𝑓(𝑡)}𝐼𝛼,𝛽,𝜂,𝜇 𝑡{𝑡𝜆𝑔(𝑡)}󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨 ≤𝑡−2𝛼−2𝛽−4𝜇󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑓󸀠󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑟󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑔󸀠󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑠 Γ2(𝛼) ×∬𝑡 0𝜏𝜇+𝜆𝜌𝜇+𝜆(𝑡−𝜏)𝛼−1(𝑡−𝜌)𝛼−1 ×2𝐹1(𝛼+𝛽+𝜇,−𝜂;𝛼;1−𝜏 𝑡) ×2𝐹1(𝛼+𝛽+𝜇,−𝜂;𝛼;1−𝜌 𝑡)󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨𝜏−𝜌󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨𝑑𝜏𝑑𝜌 ≤󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑓󸀠󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑟󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑔󸀠󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑠Γ2(𝜇+𝜆+1)Γ2(𝜆+1−𝛽+𝜂)𝑡1+2𝜆−2𝛽−2𝜇 Γ2(𝜆+1−𝛽)Γ2(𝜇+𝜆+1+𝛼+𝜂), (38) where𝑡>0,𝛽<1,𝜇>−1,𝛼>max{0,−𝛽−𝜇} ,𝛽−1<𝜂<0 , 𝜆≥0,min(𝜆+𝜇,𝜆−𝛽+𝜂)>−1 .Corollary 8. Let𝑓and𝑔be two synchronous functions on [0,∞).I f𝑓󸀠∈𝐿𝑟([0,∞)),𝑔󸀠∈𝐿𝑠([0,∞)),𝑟>1,𝑟−1+𝑠−1= 1,then 󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨Γ(𝜇+𝜆+1)Γ(𝜆+1−𝛽+𝜂) Γ(𝜆+1−𝛽)Γ(𝜇+𝜆+1+𝛼+𝜂) ×𝑡𝜆−𝛽−𝜇𝐼𝛾,𝛿,𝜁, ] 𝑡{𝑡𝜆𝑓(𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)} +Γ(]+𝜆+1)Γ(𝜆+1−𝛿+𝜁 ) Γ(𝜆+1−𝛿)Γ(]+𝜆+1+𝛾+𝜁)𝑡𝜆−𝛿− ] ×𝐼𝛼,𝛽,𝜂,𝜇 𝑡{𝑡𝜆𝑓(𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)} −𝐼𝛼,𝛽,𝜂,𝜇 𝑡{𝑡𝜆𝑓(𝑡)}𝐼𝛾,𝛿,𝜁, ] 𝑡{𝑡𝜆𝑔(𝑡)} −𝐼𝛾,𝛿,𝜁, ] 𝑡{𝑡𝜆𝑓(𝑡)}𝐼𝛼,𝛽,𝜂,𝜇 𝑡{𝑡𝜆𝑔(𝑡)}󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨 ≤𝑡−𝛼−𝛽−𝛾−𝛿−2𝜇−2 ]󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑓󸀠󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑟󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑔󸀠󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑠 Γ(𝛼)Γ(𝛾) ×∬𝑡 0(𝑡−𝜏)𝛼−1(𝑡−𝜌)𝛾−1 2𝐹1(𝛼+𝛽+𝜇,−𝜂;𝛼;1−𝜏 𝑡) ×2𝐹1(𝛾+𝛿+ ],−𝜁;𝛾;1−𝜌 𝑡)𝜏𝜇+𝜆𝜌]+𝜆󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨𝜏−𝜌󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨𝑑𝜏𝑑𝜌 ≤󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑓󸀠󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑟󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑔󸀠󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩󵄩𝑠 ×(Γ(𝜇+𝜆+1)Γ (]+𝜆+1) ×Γ(𝜆+1−𝛽+𝜂)Γ (𝜆+1−𝛿+𝜁 )) ×(Γ(𝜆+1−𝛽)Γ(𝜇+𝜆+1+𝛼+𝜂) ×Γ(𝜆+1−𝛿)Γ( ]+𝜆+1+𝛾+𝜁))−1 ×𝑡1+2𝜆−𝛽−𝛿−2𝜇−2 ], (39) forall𝑡>0,𝛽<1,𝜇>−1,𝛼>max{0,−𝛽−𝜇} ,𝛽−1<𝜂<0 , 𝛿<1,]>− 1,𝛾>max{0,−𝛿− ]},𝛿−1<𝜁<0 ,𝜆≥0, min(𝜆+𝜇,𝜆+ ],𝜆−𝛽+𝜂,𝜆−𝛿+𝜁)>−1 . Further, if we put 𝜆=0inCorollaries 7and8(or𝑝(𝑡) = 1in Theorems 4and5), we obtain the following integral inequalities. Corollary 9. Let𝑓and𝑔be two synchronous functions on [0,∞).I f𝑓󸀠∈𝐿𝑟([0,∞)),𝑔󸀠∈𝐿𝑠([0,∞)),𝑟>1,𝑟−1+𝑠−1= 1,then 2󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨Γ(𝜇+1)Γ(1−𝛽+𝜂) Γ(1−𝛽)Γ(𝜇+1+𝛼+𝜂)𝑡−𝛽−𝜇𝐼𝛼,𝛽,𝜂,𝜇 𝑡{𝑓(𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)} −𝐼𝛼,𝛽,𝜂,𝜇 𝑡{𝑓(𝑡)}𝐼𝛼,𝛽,𝜂,𝜇 𝑡{𝑔(𝑡)}󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨" 509 W2609223890.pdf 10 "Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017 ,14, 459 11 of 14 entitlement gaps among less targeted population groups, such as adults and/or more disadvantaged migratory status groups, such as irregular migrants, is needed. At the same time, more efforts such as development of online immunization registries and the promotion of cooperation between countries of origin, transit and destination, should be encouraged in order to share immunization strategies and monitor administered vaccines. The finalization, sharing and dissemination of the pilot projects mentioned above [ 47–49] could represent useful steps to track the health status of migrants and refugees, establishing mechanisms of collaboration among countries. This could guarantee appropriate and targeted health assistance for migrants/refugees and facilitate cross-border immunization planning. Furthermore, effective health status monitoring can also lead to avoiding unnecessary health actions, including unnecessary re-vaccination. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank all the members of the “Network for the Control of Cross-border Health Threats in the Mediterranean Basin and Black Sea for the ProVacMed project” for filling out the questionnaires and for their comments to the paper: Albania: Erida Nelaj, Silvia Bino, Iria Preza (Institute of Public Health, Tirana); Algeria: Karima Meziani (Institut National de Sant éPublique, Algeria); Armenia: Gayane Sahakyan (Ministry of Health, Republic of Armenia), Marine Kirakosyan (National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Republic of Armenia); Bosnia and Herzegovina: Dusan Kojic (Ministry of Civil Affairs, Sarajevo), Jela A´ cimovi´ c (Public Health Institute of Republic of Srpska), Sanjin Musa (Public Health Institute of Federation of B&H); Egypt: Shaza Badr, Ehab Basha (Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt); Georgia: Anna Tatulashvili (National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Georgia); Israel: Itamar Grotto, Emilia Anis, Larisa Moirman, Noa Cedar (Ministry of Health, Israel); Jordan: Ratib Surour (Ministry of Health, Jordan); Kosovo: Isme Humolli, Arijana Kalaveshi, Naser Ramadani, Luljeta Gashi (National Institute of Public Health of Kosovo); Republic of Macedonia-FYROM: Blagoja Aleksoski, Kristina Stavridis, Vladimir Mikic (Institute of Public Health of R. Macedonia); Moldova: Melnic Anatolie (National Center for Public Health, Republic of Moldova); Palestine: Sbehat Wesam (Palestinian Ministry of Health); Serbia: Goranka Loncarevic (Institute of Public Health of Serbia, Belgrade); Ukraine: Olga Lugash (State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine),Mariya Iemets (Ministry of Health of Ukraine); Tunisia: Kais Guezmir, Essia Ben Farhat Hmida (Minist ère de la Sant é, Tunisie). The ProVacMed project was implemented with a financial support of the Italian Ministry of Health (DG Communication and International relations)—Euromed-UpM Projects. We would like to thank Pasqualino Rossi and Maria Grazia Pompa, scientific referents for the project at the Italian Ministry of Health. Author Contributions: All authors contributed substantially to the conception of the work. Cristina Giambi, Maria Grazia Dente, Christian Napoli, and Silvia Declich conceived and designed the study. Cristina Giambi, Maria Grazia Dente, Christian Napoli, Carmen Montaño-Remacha, Flavia Riccardo and Silvia Declich participated in the development of the questionnaire. Cristina Giambi collected the data with the survey tool. Cristina Giambi and Martina Del Manso analyzed the data. Cristina Giambi wrote the preliminary paper. Martina Del Manso, Maria Grazia Dente, Christian Napoli, Carmen Montaño-Remacha, Flavia Riccardo and Silvia Declich critically revised the preliminary paper. The “Network for the control of cross-border health threats in the Mediterranean Basin and Black Sea for the ProVacMed project” filled out the questionnaires and critically revised the preliminary paper. All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. WHO Regional Office for Europe. Migration and Health: Key Issues. Available online: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/migration-and-health/migrant- health-in-the-european-region/migration-and-health-key-issues (accessed on 17 January 2017). 2. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Expert Opinion on the Public Health Needs of Irregular Migrants, Refugees or Asylum Seekers across the EU’s Southern and South-Eastern Borders. Available online: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/Expert-opinion-irregular-migrants- public-health-needs-Sept-2015.pdf (accessed on 17 January 2017). 3. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Handbook on Using the ECDC Preparedness Checklist Tool to Strengthen Preparedness against Communicable Disease Outbreaks at Migrant Reception/Detention Centres. Available online: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/preparedness-checklist- migrant-centres-tool.pdf (accessed on 17 January 2017). 4. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Migrant Health: Background Note to the ‘ECDC Report on Migration and Infectious Diseases in the EU’. Available online: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/ publications/Publications/0907_TER_Migrant_health_Background_note.pdf (accessed on 17 January 2017)." 510 W3129501402.pdf 7 "66 Composite Reliability Asosiasi 0.836217 Brand Awarness 0.791416 Brand Image 0.837010 Kualitas 0.834623 Loyalitas 0.801159 Pada tabel composit Reabilitas menunjukan bahwa nilai tertinggi dari 0.7 adalah pada Asosiasi sebesar 0.836217 , diikuti Brand image 0.837010 , Kualitas 0.834623 dan yang terakhir sebesar 0.801159 pada variabel Loyalitas . Berdasarkan hasil olahan data , menunjukkan semua indikator -indikat or memiliki nilai t -statistiknya > 1.96, yang berarti bahwa semua indikator tersebut mempunyai nilai yang signifikan. Nilai terbesar pada indikator Brand awareness A2 dengan nilai tertinggi 16.120321 “varian Produk akademik program studi ”. Varian merup akan pilihan yang akan diambil calon konsumen ketika mempertimbangkan apa yang diinginkan sesuai keinginan pasar dan kesesuian lingkup pekerjaannya . Berikutnya adalah komponen P1 dengan nilai tertinggi 23.923621 Sistem registrasi canggih, akurat dan terkini”. Pada persepsi kualitas yaitu penguatan pada infrastruktuk teknologi informasi yang mumpuni yang dapat membantu dengan cepat proses kinerja “.Brand Asosiasi berikutnya adalah Persepsi Kualitas P 4 dengan nilai sedang 21.228227 “Petugas pelma memba ntu mahasiswa dalam memberi informasi lain ”. Hal ini berkaitan dengan pelayanan prima untuk memuaskan konsumen, petugas selalu berempati kepada pelangganya dan peningkatan kinerjanya selalu ditingkatkan. Tabel Path Coefficients Original Sample (O) Sample Mean (M) Standard Deviation (STDEV) Standard Error (STERR) T Statistics (|O/STERR|) Brand Image -> Asosiasi 0.542219 0.554723 0.050603 0.050603 10.715180 Brand Image -> Brand Awarness 0.676286 0.688073 0.053062 0.053062 12.745171 Brand Image -> Kualitas 0.566994 0.578823 0.057474 0.057474 9.865272 Brand Image -> Loyalitas 0.396499 0.410436 0.070223 0.070223 5.646275 Berdasarkan tabel Path Coefficients dapat dilihat bahwa tiga parameter jalur hubungan yang menjadi hipotesa pada penelitian ini bernilai t -statistiknya > 1.96 yang menunjukkan signifikansi pengaruh antar variabel laten sebagai berikut :" 511 W2148643489.pdf 0 "BioMed Central Page 1 of 19 (page number not for citation purposes)Retrovirology Open Access Research Effect of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex on HIV-1 Tat activated transcription Emmanuel Agbottah1, Longwen Deng1, Luke O Dannenberg1, Anne Pumfery2 and Fatah Kashanchi*1,3 Address: 1The George Washington University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biol ogy, Washington, DC 20037, USA, 2Seton Hall University, Department of Bi ology, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA and 3The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), Rockville, MD 20850, USA Email: Emmanuel Agbottah - etagbottah@yahoo .com; Longwen Deng - bcmfxk@gwumc.edu; Lu ke O Dannenberg - dannenbergl@yahoo.com; Anne Pumfery - pumferan@shu.edu; Fa tah Kashanchi* - bcmfxk@gwumc.edu * Corresponding author Abstract Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1 ) is the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS). Fo llowing entry into the host ce ll, the viral RNA is reverse transcribed into DNA and subsequently integrated into the host genome as a chromatin template. The integrated proviral DNA, along with the specific chromatinized environment in which integration takes place allows for the coordinated regulation of vi ral transcription and replication. While the specific roles of and interplay between viral and host proteins have not been fully elucidated, numerous reports indicate that HIV-1 retains the ability for self-regulation via the pleiotropic effects of it s viral proteins. Though viral transc ription is fully dependent upon host cellular factors and the state of host activation , recent findings indica te a complex interplay between viral proteins and host transcription regu latory machineries includ ing histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone acetyltransferases (HATs), cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), and histone methyltransferases (HMTs). Results: Here, we describe the effect of Ta t activated transcription at the G1/S border of the cell cycle and analyze the interaction of modified Ta t with the chromatin remodeling complex, SWI/ SNF. HIV-1 LTR DNA reconstituted in to nucleosomes can be activated in vitro using various Tat expressing extracts. Optimally activate d transcription was observed at the G1/S border of the cell cycle both in vitro and in vivo , where chromatin remodeling comple x, SWI/SNF, was present on the immobilized LTR DNA. Using a number of in vitro binding as well as in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays , we detected the presence of both BRG1 and acetylated Tat in the same complex. Finally , we demonstrate that activated transcription resulted in partial or complete removal of the nucleosome from the star t site of the LTR as evidenced by a restriction enzyme accessibility assay. Conclusion: We propose a model where unmodified Tat is involved in binding to the CBP/p300 and cdk9/cyclin T1 complexes facilitating transcription init iation. Acetylated Tat dissociates from the TAR RNA structure and recruits bromodomai n-binding chromatin modifying complexes such as p/CAF and SWI/SNF to possibly facilitate transcription elongation.Published: 07 August 2006 Retrovirology 2006, 3:48 doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-48Received: 13 June 2006 Accepted: 07 August 2006 This article is available from: http ://www.retrovirology.com/content/3/1/48 © 2006 Agbottah et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the orig inal work is properly cited." 512 W1997356566.pdf 8 "International Journal of AerospaceEngineering Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2010 RoboticsJournal of Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 Active and Passive Electronic Components Control Science and Engineering Journal of Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 International Journal of Rotating Machinery Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Journal ofEngineering Volume 2014Submit your manuscripts at http://www.hindawi.com VLSI Design Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Shock and Vibration Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Civil EngineeringAdvances in Acoustics and VibrationAdvances in Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Electrical and Computer EngineeringJournal of Advances in OptoElectronics Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.comVolume 2014 The Scientific World Journal Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 SensorsJournal of Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 Modelling & Simulation in Engineering Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Chemical EngineeringInternational Journal of Antennas and PropagationInternational Journal of Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Navigation and ObservationInternational Journal of Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Distributed Sensor NetworksInternational Journal of" 513 W1997885526.pdf 5 "ORIGINAL ARTICLEORIGINAL ARTICLE 39 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2009pared with 44% in this study. Splenomegaly without focal masses is relatively common in the tropics and can have myriads of causes includ - ing malaria, septicaemia, typhoid, schistosomiasis, portal hypertension, haemolytic anaemia and tropical splenomegaly. Hepatomegaly is commonly attributed to either a non-specific response to infection, hepatitis, fatty change, or neoplastic infiltration from lymphoma or Kaposi’s sarcoma.11 However, hepatosplenomegaly in AIDS patients in the absence of hepatic focal lesions may suggest infection ( M. avium intracellulare , malaria or histoplasmosis) rather than lymphoma.12 Y ee et al.10 and Schneiderman et al.11 attributed the diffuse increased hepatic echogenicity mostly to fatty infiltration or hepatic granulomato - sis. However, hepatitis from infection or drugs can cause the observed hyperechoic and also hypoechoic hepatic parenchyma changes. In another study, biopsy-proven cases with similar hyperechoic hepatic lesions to those seen in this study were described as caused by either granuloma or haemangioma.7 Renal disease may be caused by the HIV virus itself, secondary infections or the administered drugs. The statistically significant find - ing of more patients with renomegaly and associated increased cortical echogenicity may be ascribed to HIV nephropathy, which usually causes diffuse renal cortical echogenicity as well as renal enlargement.13 The pat - tern of increased renal cortical echogenicity seen in this study is similar to that described by some authors as AIDS nephropathy which is shown to occur primarily in black patients.7 Surprisingly, Hricak et al.5 found no correlation between renal sonographic appearance and the type of renal disease, while Schaffer et al.13 found no definite correlation between the degree of echogenicity and the severity of the renal disease. However, the abnormal renal sonographic findings in patients with AIDS suggest that even if a patient has no laboratory evidence of renal disease, a baseline renal sonogram could be useful for comparison if the patient ultimately presents with proteinuria or uraemia.13 Furthermore, T able VI. Bowel activity v. CD4+ classification CD4+ classification Gastrointestinal peristalsis Total N (% within class) Hypoactive Normoactive Hyperactive Not significant 0 (0.0%) 34 (97.1%) 1 (2.9%) 35 (100%) Mild 2 (3.2%) 60 (95.2%) 1 (1.6%) 63 (100%) Advanced 2 (3.2%) 58 (92.1%) 3 (4.8%) 63 (100%) Severe 9 (6.5%) 124 (89.2%) 6 (4.3%) 139 (100%) Total 13 (4.3%) 276 (92.0%) 11 (3.7%) 300 (100%) Chi-square = 3.866; p = 0.680. Fig. 8. Abdominal ultrasound image showing an intra-abdominal abscess with echogenic debris within it. Fig. 9. Abdominal ultrasound image showing an anterior abdominal wall abscess. trans-abdominal.indd 39 6/8/09 2:01:09 PM" 514 W4367050518.pdf 4 "International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) E-ISSN: 2582 -2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com IJFMR2302 199 Volume 5, Issue 2, March -April 2023 5 the proportion of the distribution of age group who still use the heritage language; the heritage language ability. According to this system, the endangered language should meet the following three conditions: 1) 80% of the national population have shifted to use the dominant language and the number is increasing; 2) the heritage language is only used by middle -aged and senior people above 40 specifically; 3) the heritage language users only have the listening ability and have lost s peaking ability. These three complement with each other, and if these three conditions are met, it can be defined as the endangered language.3 Based on the above parameters till now, there exist 120 languages in PRC and more than 20 languages are in danger . It is estimated that more than 20% of languages will disappear within the next 20-50 years (S.X.Xu. 2001). Under such a socio -cultural scenario the Chinese Communist Party decided the protection of the endangered languages by adopting various academic pr ojects at the institutional and policies at the government level. Efforts at the Institutional Level: Off let the Chinese government is running various projects and schemes for conserving the threatened languages. Through these projects and schemes, the government is trying to create awareness of the importance of languages. Since the early 90’s the awaren ess program has reached a new height. The awareness period has been divided into the following phases: 1. The period of enlightenment and exploration( 启蒙和探索期 ) 2. The period of prosperity and transition ( 繁荣和转向期 ) 1. The period of enlightenment and exploration( 启蒙和探索期 ): The very term “endangered language” itself is a new phenomenon. Until the 1990’s the word “endangered” was usually associated with flora, fauna, birds and species. However, in as early as the mid to late 1980s, linguists from the Institute of Ethnic Stu dies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ( 中国社会科学院民族研究所 ) during some investigations at southwest China came across some languages which are not at all comprehendible to them. Records also revealed that those languages were never been recognised by any of the National languages Census so far held. Among them , few languages were only spoken by the elderly, middle -aged people of a particular speech community. Children no longer use them and thus will disappear completely after the death of the elderly spe akers in the next 20 to 30 years. Some of these languages in the 1980’s itself had no fluent speakers. From then onwards the phenomenon of language endangerment was much discussed in the academic circle. In the year 1992, at the 15th International Congr ess of Linguists ( 十五届国际语言学家代表大会 Shíwǔjièguójìyǔyánxuéjiādàibiǎodàhuì ) the Chinese linguists for the first time formally discussed the concepts of endangered languages. The discussions of the meeting w ere published in a magazine titled as ""Mínzúyǔyán "" ( 民族语言) and thus the very concept “endangered language” became a new area of study in Chinese linguistics. With further field investigations in course of time , the subject gained much popularity. In the year 1996, Hong Kong University of Science and Technolo gy and the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences collaborated to conduct in - depth research on the study of ""Endangered Languages of Southern China"", which was the first domestic project to name as endangered la nguage. In 1998, the Ministry of Education approved the fully -funded Ph.D. program project under the title “Survey and Research on Endangered Languages in Southwest China”. This is the first -ever endangered language Ph.D. program project supported by the Chinese 3 The Protection of Endangered Languages in Mainland China Chun Zhang" 515 W4394603965.pdf 35 "45. Schirmer M, Ijaz UZ, D’Amore R, Hall N, Sloan WT, Quince C. Insight into biases and sequencing errors for amplicon sequencing with the Illumina MiSeq platform. Nucleic Acids Research. 2015;43(6):e37–e37. doi:10.1093/nar/gku1341. 46. Metzker ML. Sequencing technologies—the next generation. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2010;11(1):31–46. doi:10.1038/nrg2626. 47. F L¨ ochel H, Heider D. Comparative analyses of error handling strategies for next-generation sequencing in precision medicine. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5750. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62675-8. 48. Bonidia RP, Domingues DS, Sanches DS, de Carvalho ACPLF. MathFeature: Feature Extraction Package for DNA, RNA and Protein Sequences Based on Mathematical Descriptors. Briefings in Bioinformatics. 2022;23(1):bbab434. doi:10.1093/bib/bbab434. 49. Bonidia RP, Sampaio LDH, Domingues DS, Paschoal AR, Lopes FM, de Carvalho ACPLF, et al. Feature Extraction Approaches for Biological Sequences: A Comparative Study of Mathematical Features. Briefings in Bioinformatics. 2021;22(5):bbab011. doi:10.1093/bib/bbab011. 50. Fickett JW. Recognition of Protein Coding Regions in DNA Sequences. Nucleic Acids Research. 1982;10(17):5303–5318. doi:10.1093/nar/10.17.5303. 51.Wang L, Park HJ, Dasari S, Wang S, Kocher JP, Li W. CPAT: Coding-Potential Assessment Tool Using an Alignment-Free Logistic Regression Model. Nucleic Acids Research. 2013;41(6):e74. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt006. 52. Holden T, Subramaniam R, Sullivan R, Cheung E, Schneider C, Jr GT, et al.; International Society for Optics; Photonics. ATCG nucleotide fluctuation of Deinococcus radiodurans radiation genes. 2007;6694:669417. doi:10.1117/12.732283. 53. Marsella L, Sirocco F, Trovato A, Seno F, Tosatto SCE. REPETITA: detection and discrimination of the periodicity of protein solenoid repeats by discrete Fourier transform. Bioinformatics. 2009;25(12):i289–i295. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp232. 54. Anastassiou D. Genomic signal processing. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. 2001;18(4):8–20. doi:10.1109/79.939833. 55. Pedregosa F, Varoquaux G, Gramfort A, Michel V, Thirion B, Grisel O, et al. Scikit-Learn: Machine Learning in Python. J Mach Learn Res. 2011;12(null):2825–2830. doi:10.5555/1953048.2078195. 56. Chawla NV, Bowyer KW, Hall LO, Kegelmeyer WP. SMOTE: Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research. 2002;16:321–357. doi:10.1613/jair.953. 57. Lemaˆ ıtre G, Nogueira F, Aridas CK. Imbalanced-Learn: A Python Toolbox to Tackle the Curse of Imbalanced Datasets in Machine Learning. J Mach Learn Res. 2017;18(1):559–563. doi:10.5555/3122009.3122026. 58. Akiba T, Sano S, Yanase T, Ohta T, Koyama M. Optuna: A Next-Generation Hyperparameter Optimization Framework. 2019; p. 2623–2631. doi:10.1145/3292500.3330701. April 5, 2024 36/37. CC-BY 4.0 International license available under awas not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted April 9, 2024. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.05.588226doi: bioRxiv preprint" 516 W4280551970.pdf 3 "BCP Social Sciences & Humanities ADCS 2022 Volume 15 (2022) 231 3.3 Building 3D Model Building According to the floor plan of t he building parameterized vecto r type, it can be automatically and quickly generated in batches with the building he ight informati on (Figure 4 refers to the Completely Customizable Graphical User Interface). The specific implementa tion steps are as follows: (1) Import the building vector layer to the scene through ArcGIS Engine. ( 2) Query the floor information corresponding to each polygon in the building vector layer thro ugh Osg Earth, and generate the ""white model"" of the building model by automatically ""pulling up"". (3) Map the roof and wall textures, and set the positional relationship between the building model and the 3D terrain surface, such as whether it is attached to the ground. ( 4) Build a building group node a nd add it to the OSG scene terrain root node. Fig 4. Batch automatic generation of 3D models for buildings This method can generate buildings in modern gardens in batches , and can control the texture maps of buildings through XML files, without the need for positionin g and texture maps for specific buildings. 4. Virtual Reality Module Integration Fig 5. Flow chart of virtual realit y scene rendering technology The virtual display on the host side can be rendered and displa yed in real time through OSG along with the data input and processing [8]. On the virtual reality helmet display device side, the display devices are two high-definition monitors that are close to the human eye. The 3D scene is rendered twice, and the matrix offset of the helmet based on the scene s pace position is calculated. Through a series of space transformation and texture rendering, the garde n landscape display on the virtual reality side is finally realized. For garden vegetation landsca pes with many elements and a large amount of data, the module integ rates LOD methods, scene occlus ion, Billboard, and field clipping methods to reduce program rendering consumption as much as poss ible. The domain range is small, and the above method can better ensure the real-time rendering of the scene in the virtual reality display. In addition, by integra ting the multi-sampling anti-al iasing (MSAA) method, the scene model " 517 W3026495924.pdf 8 " www.aging -us.com 10406 AGING essential hormone for women and that exogenous testosterone enhances cognitive performance and musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women [66], the effects of TP supplementation on mitochondrial complex V function in f emale animals should be examined in a future study. In summary, testosterone supplementation overcame the deficits in mitochondrial complex V in the SN in aged male rats. During aging, testosterone supplementation increased ATP levels and enhanced mitocho ndrial complex V activity in the SN by upregulating ATP6 and ATP8. Thus, mitochondrial ATP6 and ATP8, as potential testosterone targets, may maintain nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in aged males to some extent. MATERIALS AND METHOD S Animals Male Sp rague -Dawley rats supplied by the Experimental Animal Center of Hebei Medical University were housed at a controlled temperature (22 ± 2 °C) on a 12 -h light -dark cycle (lights on at 6:00 AM). Food and water were available ad libitum . The experimental proced ures were approved by the Committee of Ethics on Animal Experiments at Hebei Medical University. Experiment 1 Forty -five rats were used to study the effects of testosterone supplementation on mitochondrial complex V function in aged male rats. The rats w ere randomly divided into the following three groups: the 6 -month - old group (6Mon, n=15), the 24 -month -old group (24Mon, n=15) and the 24 -month -old with TP supplementation group (24Mon -TP, n=15). For the 24Mon -TP group, the rats were subcutaneously injecte d with TP (1 mg/kg per day) for 12 weeks beginning at the age of 21 months. The body weights of the rats in the 24Mon and 24Mon -TP groups were documented every three weeks. The rats in the 6Mon and 24Mon groups were injected with sesame oil rather than TP. In this experiment, coordinated motor behavior was analyzed , as well as ATP levels and mitochondrial complex V activity in the SN. Then, SNP screening, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analyses were performed. Experiment 2 Thirty -six adult male rats were used to investigate the effects of testosterone deficiency and testosterone replacement on mitochondrial complex V function. The rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: the sham -operated gro up (n=12), the gonadectomized group (GDX, n=12) and the GDX with TP administration group (GDX -TP, n=12). The gonadectomy and the sham operation were performed as described previously [3]. For the GDX -TP group , the castrated rats were subcutaneously injecte d with TP for four weeks (1 mg/kg per day ) [14]. The rats in the sham and GDX groups were injected with sesame oil rather than TP. In this experiment, ATP levels and mitochondrial complex V activity in the SN were analyzed. Then, qPCR and Western blot anal yses were performed to detect alterations in the mitochondrial complex V subunits in GDX or GDX -TP rats. Cylinder test The apparatus for the cylinder test was a transparent plexiglass cylinder with a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 30 cm . The rats were handled for about 10 min per day for two weeks, and were naive to the apparatus. At the time of the test, the rats were individually placed in the cylinder and were recorded with a digital video camera for 5 min [29]. The number of times th e rats contacted the wall with both forelimbs during rearing was documented [2]. Tapered beam walking test The tapered beam walking test procedure and score calculation method used in this study were described in detail by Strome et al. [30] and Wang et al. [2], respectively . In brief, 2 cm below a 165 -cm-long beam, there was a 2.5 -cm-wide ledge on each side, which provided a platform on which the rats could step. The beam was narrower at one end than at the other (6.5 cm wide at the wide end, 1.5 cm at t he narrow end). The beam was divided into wide, medium and narrow segments for scoring. The day before the test, the rats were allowed to walk on the tapered beam for training. The following day, each rat was tested five times, and the tests were recorded with a digital video camera. Taking a step with one or two toes of the hindlimb on the main surface of the beam with the other four or three toes overhanging the ledge was scored as a half - foot fault, while stepping with the entire foot on the ledge rather than on the main surface of the beam was scored as a full -foot fault. We used the mean value of the scores for the five tapered beam walking tests from the narrow section of the beam for statistical analysis. Sample preparation The rats were sacrificed by decapitation and their brains were removed quickly. The tissue block containing the SN (between 3.00 mm and 4.08 mm rostral to the interaural axis ) [67] was dissected with an ophthalmic scalpel on an ice -cold plate under a stereomicroscope. It" 518 W4291464210.pdf 6 "Geriatrics 2022 ,7, 82 7 of 16 “I like to do some shopping or have a coffee in the tea-room of the shopping centre not far from my home, five minutes’ walk away .” (Participant 11) “Every afternoon, I do a group activity: aquafit twice a week, Tai-chi once a week, osteopathic-fitness once a week or walks .” (Participant 15) These participants also regularly shopped in grocery shops ( n= 7), usually two or three times a week (both n= 3); collected medicine from a pharmacy ( n= 7), about once a week ( n= 3); and bought bread at a bakery ( n= 7), usually every day or three times per week (both n= 3). —see Figure 1. “Every morning, on my way back from the village caf é, I stop to buy bread at my village bakery, and I talk to the sales ladies I know well. ” (Participant 6) “We usually go to the little cooperative shop in our neighbourhood .” (Participant 14) Finally, the older adult participants without self-reported cognitive impairments often frequented places of worship ( n= 4), about once a week ( n= 3); restaurants ( n= 4), about once a week ( n= 3); a butcher’s shop ( n= 4), twice a week ( n= 3); and the post office ( n= 4), once a week ( n= 2) or twice a month ( n= 2). —see Figure 1. “I regularly see the butcher I go to, about twice a week .” (Participant 11) “I often go for lunch at my usual restaurant, about twice a week, and to the post office counter every two weeks to pick up orders .” (Participant 12) “We go to church every Sunday and talk with the other participants and the priest, and we have become familiar with each other. We are like a community; we all know one another .” (Participant 14) The locations most frequented by the panel of five older adults with a probable or diagnosed slight cognitive impairment or mild-to-moderate dementia were: caf és or tearooms ( n= 3), mostly three times per week ( n= 2), but also every day ( n= 1); large supermarkets in town ( n= 2), twice per week ( n= 2); leisure centres such as a tennis club or a swimming pool, twice per week ( n= 1) and every day ( n= 1), respectively; and day centres ( n= 2), four times per week ( n= 1) and twice per week ( n= 1). —see Figure 2. Geriatrics 2022 , 7, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of 17 “I usually go for a walk three times a week wi th a friend, and we go for coffee in a tearoom near my house. I also go shopping with my daughter, once a week, in a supermarket.” (Participant 21—early-stage Alzheimer’s disease) Figure 2. Types of locations frequented by study participants with a probable or diagnosed slight cognitive impairment or mild-to-moderate dementia. In general, older adults without self-reported cognitive impairments, like older adults with cognitive impairments, were very well surrounded by a network of family, neighbours and friends. Cross-referencing the places frequented by the two panels of par- ticipants revealed, that the first three most frequented places were the same. The only differences between the two panels of participants were that older adults without self- reported cognitive impairments were more physically active, busier (e.g., taking care of grandchildren) and did more activities (e.g., walking, shopping, etc.). 3.2.2. Theme 2: Social Networks Older adult participants without self-repor ted cognitive impairments were able to identify the non-healthcare workers with whom they were regularly in contact in their day-to-day life: checkout workers at supermarkets in town (n = 12); café and tearoom staff and managers (n = 8); leisure centre staff (s ports coaches, swimming instructors, dance teachers) (n = 8); grocery shop checkout workers (n = 7); pharmacists and pharmacy assis- tants (n = 7); bakery sales staff (n = 7); priests and pastors (n = 4); restaurant staff and managers (n = 4); butchers (n = 4); and post office counter workers (n = 4) (Figure 3). Figure 2. Types of locations frequented by study participants with a probable or diagnosed slight cognitive impairment or mild-to-moderate dementia. “I get up every day at 5:15 and have breakfast. At 6 o’clock, a friend picks me up in her car to meet our group of friends at the pool. We swim for 45 minutes, and then we always take time for a coffee in a tearoom right next to the pool .” (Participant 19—moderate vascular dementia) “At the end of the morning, about four times a week, I attend an activity organised by the social workers in the community hall, such as gymnastics .” (Participant 20—moderate Alzheimer’s disease)" 519 W4385421112.pdf 11 "Diversity 2023 ,15, 899 12 of 22 thickness of ischiopubic bar. Iliac processes massive and curving inwards, with broad, quadrangular tip. Each iliac region with two foramina. Scapulocoracoid . Scapulocoracoid elongated rectangular in lateral view, with very asymmetrical anterior position of the mesocondyle. Overall shape and number, shape and arrangement of postdorsal and postventral foramina variable, but scapulocoracoid always with a solid horizontal anterior bridge separating the anterior fenestra into a smaller anterior dorsal and an anterior ventral fenestra. Overall shape moderately short to elongated rectangular, with rounded to sharply marked rear corner and nearly straight to deeply concave posterior margin sloping to the metacondyle. Anterior dorsal and ventral fenestrae large, postdorsal fenestrae large or a combination of a large anterior fenestra and several small foramina, postventral fenestrae mostly small and arranged in a chain along the ridge between meso- and metacondyle. Pre-mesocondyle length 25.6–38.0% of maximum length and 35.7–58.7% of post-mesocondyle length. Maximum length 1.3–1.6 times maximum height at scapular process. Height at rear corner 83.3–85.3% of maximum height. Combined height of both anterior fenestrae 37.4–43.3% of maximum height at scapular process and 26.8–28.8% of the element’s maximum length. Skeletal meristics . Trunk vertebrae (Vtr): 30–37; predorsal tail vertebrae (Vprd): 66–80; total predorsal vertebrae: 97–113; terminal tail vertebrae (Vterm, approximately): 23–40; total vertebrae (Vtotal, approximately): 120–151; pectoral radials, left: 70–89, right: 70–90; pelvic radials, left: 4+16–5+20, right: 4+17–5+19. 3.2.3. Egg Case Morphology The description of the egg case morphology is based on the lectotype (IRSNB 25 [orig. 3005]) and paralectotypes (IRSNB 26 [orig. 3006] and IRSNB 27 [orig. 3007]), as well as two egg cases catalogued under ZMH 9014). Figure 6 shows the lectotype and paralectotype egg cases in dorsal and ventral views, Table 1 provides morphometrics of all five egg cases. Diversity 2023 , 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 24 Figure 6. Bathyraja arctowskii , three empty egg cases, IRSNB, Brussels, Belgium. ( 1a,b) lectotype IRSNB 25; ( 2a,b) paralectotype IRSNB 26; ( 3a,b) paralectotype IRSNB 27. ( 1a–3a) dorsal views; ( 1b– 3b) ventral views. Scale bar: 40 mm. Table 1. Bathyraja arctowskii , morphometrics of the lectotype IRSNB 25, the two paralectotypes IRSNB 26 and IRSNB 27, as well as two egg cases catalogued under ZMH 9014; all values are given in mm. ZMH 9014 ZMH 9014 IRSNB 25 IRSNB 26 IRSNB 27 * empty egg case egg case with embryo empty egg case empty egg case empty egg case ECTL_1, egg case total length incl. length of bent horns (along curve) 141.5 146.4 >126.4 (d) >118.1 (d) >112.5 (d) ECTL_2, egg case total length incl. horizontal length of bent horns 121.8 120.2 >105.9 >96.5 >99.5 ECL, egg case length; measured longitudinally between the anterior and posterior apron borders 77.6 76.1 67.5 64.3 62.6 AAL, anterior apron length 5.1 5.1 4.5 3.7 7.0 PAL, posterior apron length 12.6 12.9 15.6 (b) 10 .5 (b) 15.1 * ABW, anterior border width; distance between the bases of the anterior horns 20.1 20.0 22.9 19.4 23.0 PBW, posterior border width; distance between the bases of the posterior horns 21.0 21.1 23.8 20.5 24.8 MAW, maximum case width; transverse width of the case in its lateral plane at its widest part 42.3 40.7 42.1 37.4 32.1 * Figure 6. Bathyraja arctowskii , three empty egg cases, IRSNB, Brussels, Belgium. ( 1a,b) lectotype IRSNB 25; ( 2a,b) paralectotype IRSNB 26; ( 3a,b) paralectotype IRSNB 27. ( 1a–3a) dorsal views; (1b–3b) ventral views. Scale bar: 40 mm." 520 W4206804627.pdf 12 "ISSN 2522 -9842 Journal of Scientific Papers “Social Development and Security ”, Vol. 1 1, No. 4, – 2021 управления, обеспечив ая тем самым непрерывность процесса управлен ия чрезвычайной ситуацией террористического характера в интересах ее недопущения и предотвращения. После чего определить пути повышения эффективности систем физической защиты охраняемых объектов критической инфра структуры государства. Показано, что одним и з перспективных направлений повышения эффективности процесса управления чрезвычайной ситуацией террористического характера на охраняемых объектах критической инфраструктуры государства является совершенствование систем физической защиты путем разработки но вых устройств и систем акустического контроля помещений и территорий объекта и снятия языковой информации с использованием параболических, трубчатых и градиентных микрофонов и плоских акустических решеток, которы е обеспечивают прием акустических сигналов н а удалении от нескольких десятков до нескольких сотен метров и обеспечивают полную информацию о действиях и намерениях людей, регистрируемых в видео системах. Ключевые слова: чрезвычайная ситуация, террористический акт, система ф изической защиты, акустичес кий контроль, направленный микрофон . Ways to increase the effectiveness of physical protection systems of critical infrastructure of the state, protected Olena Azarenko * 1 А; Yulia Honcharenko 2 B; Mykhailo Divizinyuk 3 C; Volodymyr Mirnenko 4 D; Valeri y Strilets 5 A * Corresponding author : 1 Dr, Professor, Deputy Head, e-mail: е-mail : azarenko _ev@ukr.net, ORCID : 0000 -0003 -2927 -5545 2 Ph.D., Associate Professor, Professor of Department , e-mail: vup@e -u.in.ua , ORCID : 0000 -0003 -2045 -0263 3 Dr, Professor, H ead of Department, e -mail: divizinyuk@ukr.net, ORCID: 0000 -0002 -5657 -2302 4 Dr, Professor, Director of the Department, e -mail: mirnenkovi@gmail.com, ORCID: 0000 -0002 -7484 -1035 5 Head, e-mail: v.strelec.brand@gmail.com , ORCID : 0000 -0003 -1913 -7878 А Research laboratory -experimental center “BRAND TRADE ” B European University , Kyiv, Ukraine C Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine , Kyiv, Ukraine D Department of Military Education and Science of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine , Kyiv, U kraine Abstract The article is devoted to the definition of new ways to increase the effectiveness of physical protection systems of critical infrastructure, which are the main technical means of preventing terrorist a cts against these objects. The charac teristic of premises protection systems and control objects adjoining territories of critical infrastructure is described. It is shown that the functional purpose of the physical protection system includes devices and ala rm systems for detection, collectio n and processing of information, alarm, access control and management, optoelectronic surveillance, operational communication and notification, power supply and lighting, physical protection systems nuclear materials duri ng transportation. Keywords: emerge ncy, terrorist act, physical prote ction system, acoustic control, directional microphone . References 1. Azarenko E .V., Goncharenko Yu. Yu., Divizinyuk М. М., Ozhiganova M.I. Protection of critical infrastructure of the state from terrorist impa ct. Kyiv: IGNS NASU, 2018. 84 p. ISBN 97 8-617-7187 -25-6. 2. Azarenko , E., Honcharenko , Y., Divizinyuk , M., Mirnenko , V., & Syrytsia , I. (2020). Structural -logical model of emergency situation management of terrorist character and its features caused by lat ent electromagnetic influence on the operational staff of the guarded facility of critical infrastructure. Journal of Scientific Papers «Social Development and Security », 10(1), 177 -187. 212" 521 W2495654804.pdf 12 "Frequency effects and structural change – the Afrikaans preterite http://spilplus.journals.ac.za 159 4.2.3 “Kon ” The modal auxiliary kan (“can”) conveys both participant -internal ability and participant - external possibility. The preterite kon (“could” ) places the ability or pos sibility in the past (10 ), except when a wish o r desire is being expressed (11) , or if it is used in combination with sou (12). (10) Hy kon ook ure aaneen die ou Joodse geskrifte lees en met Josef daaroo r gesels. (corpus #4, Religiou s) [He could read old Jewish texts for hours on end and discuss it with Josef.] (11) Ek wens jy kon bietjie in my kop inklim en kyk wat gaan aan. ( corpus #4, Manuscript ) [I wish you could climb into my head for a bit and see what ’s going on.] (12) En veral met John sou ek kon uitgaan – hy is immers verlief op jou! ( corpus #2, Fiction) [And especially with John I could go out – he is after all in love with you! ] If example (11) would be reformulated with kan , the difference in meaning becomes clear where kon indicates a wish for an unrealistic or impossible matter, while kan indicates a wish for a real possibility. The original association of temporal distance between kan and kon is extended here to epistemic distance. De Villiers (1971: 29) claims that when kan is used with epistemic modality in the past tense in formal tex ts, it would sometimes not undergo preterite assimilation. However, in a sample of 400 uses of kan from each corpus, I did not find any examples of this occurring. This does not necessarily mean that the possibility does not exist, rather that it is just too rare to surface in my data . Details regarding frequencies of kon and kan are given in table 12. Table 12: Frequencies of kan and kon 1911–2010 1911 –1920 1941 –1950 1971 –1980 2001 –2010 kan 959 74,6% 1 053 75,7% 1 290 81,7% 1 357 80,5% kon 326 25,4% 344 24,6% 289 18,3% 329 19,5% Total 1 285 1 397 1 579 1 686 It seems that kon also shows no definite change – the total frequencies and the ratio with kan shows variability , but it is not statistically significant 6, and does not show a strong direction of change. However, t he increase of kan is significant7. 4.2.4 “Moes ” The modal auxiliary moet (“must ”) indicates both deontic and epistemic modality, with the preterite moes , which is used solely in the past tense. While moet merges with nie in the negative 6 While the decrease from corpus #2 to #3 shows a low level of significance (with a log -likelihood result of 4 .49), the increase to corpus #4 cancels this out. 7 Log-likelihood for all four corpora consecutively: 96. 23; corpus #1 to #2: 4.64 (low le vel of significance); corpus #2 to #3: 25.34; corpus #3 to #4: 1.48 (insignificant) ." 522 W4225550271.pdf 10 "1167 Clinical and Translational Oncology (2022) 24:1157–1167 1 3 cancer: long-term results of the EORTC 22921 randomised study. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:184–90. 52. Rödel C, Graeven U, Fietkau R, et al. Oxaliplatin added to fluo- rouracil-based preoperative chemoradiotherapy and postopera- tive chemotherapy of locally advanced rectal cancer (the German CAO/ARO/AIO-04 study): final results of the multicentre, open- label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:979–89.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations." 523 W4246083262.pdf 22 "measured parameters (reduction of turbidity and water con - tent, increase of volume of filtrate) for all of the tested poly - mers. Therefore, increasing the dosage does not necessarily result in better chemical conditioning, which emphasizesthe importance of obtaining an optimum dosage, as alsodiscussed in studies by Tominaga (2010). 3.2. Dewatering tests in geotextile bags The ASTM International published a standard method to determine the flow rate of water and suspendedsolids in a geosynthetic permeable bag containing high wa-ter content sludges (ASTM D 7701, 2011). This methodol-ogy describes two test methods. One test involves using ageotextile bag with a 114 cm inner circumference, a lengthof 165 cm and a volumetric test capacity of 150 to 190 L.The other test uses a geotextile bag with a 1.52 m circum-ference, a depth of 0.92 m, with a volumetric test capacityof 19 L. The Geosynthetic Research Institute (GRI) has also proposed methodologies to analyze the behaviors of mate - rials in dewatering, such as GRI-GT14 (2004) and GRI- GT15 (2009). The first method is for field dewatering ofsolids in a hanging bag test (HBT), as shown in Fig. 7, withone of the faces open and a linear length between 0.3 and7.0 m. The GRI-GT15 (2009) serves an identical purpose as the GRI-GT14 (2004); however, it uses geotextile bagswith approximate dimensions of 50 to 65 cm in length, 38to 65 cm in width and a volumetric capacity of 20 to 30 L.These bags contain an adapter flange to guide the sludgewith polymeric additives into the bags (Fig. 8). Another dif - ference between the methods is that the GRI-GT15 (2009) allows for the monitoring of the dewatering performanceover time by observing the dehydrated material column(cm) by test time (min). Castro et al. (2009) conducted a comparative study of both methods described above. This study showed that theGRI-GT15 (2009) method produces results very close theactual application of dewatering in geotextile bags; thesludge remains confined within the geotextile bags, which allows for better dewatering and prevents rehydration of thedry sludge. There is also a low breakdown of chemical con - ditioning with the introduction of sludge within the geotex - 256 Soils and Rocks, São Paulo, 36(3): 251-263, September-December, 2013.Guimarães & Urashima Figure 6 - Cone tests with 15 mL polymer dosage at a concentra - tion of 0.004 g.L-1. Figure 7 - Hanging bag test (Lawson, 2008). Figure 8 - Tests in geotextile closed according to GRI-GT15 (Geosynthetic Research Institute, 2009)." 524 W4310474401.pdf 6 "Page 7/19Ingredients Diets PC NC SHP TH SH Ca(H2PO3)2a 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Microcrystalline cellulosea 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Carboxymethyl cellulosea 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Zeolite powdera 6.50 1.77 2.71 5.27 5.27 Crystalline lysinea 0.00 0.71 0.60 0.71 0.71 Crystalline methioninea 0.00 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 Proximate analysis (Mean values, % dry weight) Moisture 4.67 4.65 3.83 5.41 6.12 Crude protein 51.80 51.80 52.00 51.30 50.70 Crude lipid 13.17 12.09 12.31 13.03 13.23 Ash 16.00 9.70 11.00 9.70 9.50 aSupplied by Xinxin Tian’en Aquatic Feed Co., Ltd (Zhejiang, China). bVitamin Premix (mg/kg diet): vitamin A, 16000 IU; vitamin D3, 8000 IU; vitamin K3, 14.72; vitamin B1, 17.80; vitamin B2, 48; vitamin B6, 29.52; vitamin B12, 0.24; vitamin E, 160; vitamin C, 800; niacinamide, 79.20; calcium-pantothenate, 73.60; folic acid, 6.40; biotin, 0.64; inositol, 320; choline chloride, 1500; L-carnitine, 100. cMineral Premix (mg/kg diet): Cu (CuSO4), 2.00; Zn (ZnSO4), 34.4; Mn (MnSO4), 6.20; Fe (FeSO4), 21.10; I (Ca (IO3)2), 1.63; Se (Na2SeO3), 0.18; Co (CoCl2), 0.24; Mg (MgSO4·H2O), 52.7. dSupplied by Symrise Aqua Feed (Elven, France and Part of Symrise Taste, Nutrition & Health segment)." 525 W4383422126.pdf 9 "Análise da viabilidade econ ômica da previsão de cheias... Nonnemacher, L.C., & Fan, F.M. Rev. Gest. Água Am. Lat., Porto Alegre , v. 20, e8, 2023 10/15 Portanto, a quantidade total de estações subtrai a área urbana do restante do estado, de forma que a mesma região não seja contabilizada duas vezes. A Tabela 5 apresenta a quantidade fina l de estações para cada classe, totalizando 117 estações. Para fins de segurança, como haver falha ou danos a alguma estação, serão contabilizadas 120 estações. No entanto, sabe -se que na região Nordeste há a Formação Serra Geral, onde há grandes declivida des, as quais não foram contempladas pela resolução do mapa utilizado. A fim de garantir segurança a estas áreas, considerou -se um total de 150 estações, de forma a ser distribuída uma maior quantidade por essas regiões. Tabela 5. Número de estações telemétricas necessárias. Classe Área total (km2) Área por estação (km2) Número de estações Urbana 1.415 20 71 Costeira 33.000 9.000 4 Plana ou suavemente ondulada 237.711 5.750 42 Os custos para a implantação da nova rede hidrometeorológica envolvem o custo com o equipamento, as taxas de importação, visto que os preços no exterior geralmente são mais baixos, e a mão de obra para a instalação. Estes valores foram definidos com base no orçamento da última compra de duas estações meteorológicas realizada pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. O equipamento utilizado para os cálculos foi o Wireless Vantage Pro2 ™ with Standard Radiation Shield (#6152), da marca Davis Instruments , o qual custa US$ 695,00, equivalente a cerca de R$ 3.748,55, com a cotação de 25/11/2022, com o dólar valendo R$ 5,39. As taxas a serem consideradas, em caso de compra por setor público, são as seguintes: a. Total de equipamentos: 150 estações totalizam R$ 562.282,50; b. Taxa de variação de 5%: valor contabilizado para possíveis alterações cambiais. Aplicando a taxa ao valor da compra, resulta -se em R$ 28.115,00; c. Taxas bancárias entre os bancos nacionais e exteriores: calculada por uma rela ção de proporção, estimada em R$ 17.392,00; d. Taxas do despachante: calculada por uma relação de proporção, estimada em R$ 181.231,00. Somando o valor total dos equipamentos com todas as taxas, chega -se a um custo arredondado de 800 mil reais. No entanto , como essas estações não medem o nível da água, é necessária a compra de linígrafos. Para isso, foram contabilizados 150 linígrafos com as mesmas taxas aplicadas às estações meteorológicas. Foi obtido um custo total arredondado para 500 mil reais. Além do s custos com a compra, é necessário calcular -se o custo com a instalação. Para isso, entram nos cálculos os custos com o material para a base de concreto das estações (cimento, areia e brita) e com as diárias da equipe de instalação, estimados da seguinte forma: a Concreto com proporção 1:1:1: um saco de cimento com 50 kg custa cerca de R$ 22,00 e rende para aproximadamente 10 estações, sendo necessários 12 sacos. Um saco de areia com 20 kg custa R$ 4,00 e rende para 4 estações, sendo necessários 30 sacos. A brita compra -se por metro cúbico, sendo 1 m 3 suficiente e custando R$ 90,00. O valor total é de R$ 474,00; b. A diária da equipe de instalação varia bastante, aqui será considerado o valor de R$ 50,00 por trabalhador. Considerando uma equipe de dois hidrotécnicos, com honorários de R$ 100,00, e seis meses para a instalação de todos os equipamentos, totaliza -se o valor de R$ 306.000,00. Ainda, para o cálculo da vazão a partir do nível d’água, é necessária a medição periódica de vazões para cada ponto, dev endo ser contabilizado o valor para o equipamento de medição de vazão. No caso do presente estudo, considerou -se que quatro equipamentos são necessários, um ADCP e um Flow Tracker para cada equipe (considerando duas equipes de campo). Portanto, estima -se aqui o valor de 800 mil reais para a compra do equipamento, valor que contempla o custo de aquisição de um ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ) e um Flow Tracker, utilizando como base o orçamento da compra realizada pela ANA. Dessa forma, o valor total arredondado de investimento inicial na nova rede telemétrica será de R$ 2.307.000,00. Tanto para o ano da instalação da rede quanto para os seguintes, é necessária a realização de idas a campo quatro vezes por ano para coleta de novos dados de vazão e nível para a construção e aprimoramento da curva -chave. Além disso, essas idas a campo também seriam utilizadas para a realização da manutenção da rede. Cada ida a campo considera dois hidrotécnicos com honorário de R$ 100,00 e diárias de R$ 50,00, sendo consi deradas duas equipes que atuem simultaneamente, além" 526 W1979754604.pdf 7 "smaller in those girls doing ≥3 h/week of extra- curricular osteogenic sports than in the rest of the sam- ple (girls doing < 3 h/week of extra-curricular sports +girls doing non-osteogenic sports + girls not doing extra-curricular sport). Moreover, the cut-off for time of study (low: <3 h/day and high: ≥3 h/day) was also included in our analyses as in previous studies [14]. Similar results were obtained independently of the chosen cut-off. The analyses of other regions, such aswhole body and lumbar spine showed also similar out- comes. These results suggest the importance of extra- curricular and osteogenic sports in the development ofhealthy bones, especially when sedentary behaviours, such as to stay seated for studying are evident. Similarly, it has been shown that sedentary occupations in adult-hood are associated with an increased risk of hip frac- ture in elderly people [30]. The mechanisms by which sedentary behaviours lead to poor bone health are not well understood. According to a recent literature review [13], sedentary behaviour leads to a rapid increase in bone resorption without con-comitant changes in bone formation, resulting in reduced BMC. The present results indicate that some sedentary behaviours can be more detrimental for bonehealth than others. Both the amount and the pattern of sedentary time may have influence on bone metabolism. In a recent study, we observed that the time studyingwas a good surrogate marker of objectively measured sedentary time (the higher the time studying the higher the time spent sedentary) in a large sample of Europeanadolescents [19]. Moreover, sitting is common when a subject is studying or surfing internet. Compared with other sedentary activities, these activities are character-ized by spending a lot of minutes in the same position. As a result of this, an excessive time without mechanical loading could be detrimental for bone health. We en-courage adolescents to practice extra-curricular osteo- genic sports at least 3 h/week in order to break the sedentary time caused by some sedentary behaviourssuch as study. Limitations and strengths Although we controlled for several potential confoun- ders we cannot be certain that other unmeasured con- founders have not influenced our observations. Ourstudy focus on adolescents from Zaragoza, Spain, since bone mass by DXA was only assessed in this sub-sample of the HELENA-CSS, so the conclusions cannot be gen-eralized to whatever population. Cross-sectional studies only can provide suggestive evidence concerning causal relationships. However, in this specific case, it seems rea-sonable to think that time spent on sedentary behaviours could influence BMC, whereas it is not so clear themechanisms by which bone mass could determine the time spent on sedentary behaviours. The use of sophisticated methods, such as DXA to as- sess body composition, and the use of accelerometers to assess PA are strengths of the study. In addition, this study includes a rather complete set of confounders, i.e.height, sexual maturation, lean mass and MVPA, which is crucial to examine the current research question. Conclusion The results of this report indicate that some sedentary behaviour, such as the use of internet for non-study (in boys) and the time spent studying (in girls) are negatively associated with whole body and femoralneck BMC, respectively. In addition, at least 3 h/week of extra-curricular osteogenic sports may help to coun- teract the negative association of time spent studyingon bone health in girls. Additional studies (with a longitudinal or intervention design) must determine with more accuracy the public health importance ofthese findings. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors ’contributions All the authors have substantially contributed to this work: LGM, JPRL, LAM and GVR designed research; LGM, JPRL, LAM and GVR conducted research; LGM, JPRL and GVR performed statistical analysis; LGM and JPRL wrotepaper; LGM, JPRL, LAM and GVR had primary responsibility for final content.All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements The HELENA-CSS takes place with the financial support of the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Program (Contract FOOD-CT-2005-007034). This study was also supported by the following grants: Beca de la FundaciónCuenca Villoro (Spain) and JCI-2010-07055. We gratefully acknowledge allparticipating adolescents and their parents for their collaboration. All the authors have substantially contributed to this work. Author details 1School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.2GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.3Children Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.4Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.5Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.6Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology andNutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 7Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001 Huesca, Spain. Received: 26 March 2012 Accepted: 24 October 2012 Published: 13 November 2012 References 1. Rizzoli R, Bianchi ML, Garabedian M, McKay HA, Moreno LA: Maximizing bone mineral mass gain during growth for the prevention of fractures inthe adolescents and the elderly. Bone 2010, 46:294–305. 2. Zofkova I: Role of genetics in prediction of osteoporosis risk. Vnitr Lek 2011, 57:78–84. 3. Gracia-Marco L, Moreno LA, Ortega FB, Leon F, Sioen I, Kafatos A, Martinez- Gomez D, Widhalm K, Castillo MJ, Vicente-Rodriguez G: Levels of PhysicalGracia-Marco et al. BMC Public Health 2012, 12:971 Page 8 of 9 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/971" 527 W4297934697.pdf 1 "Fig. 1. Lensless microscopy setup and object fitting. Maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of the object of interest, under the hypothesis of additive white Gaussian noise, amounts to solving a nonlinear least-squares problem [3]: ^(ML)=arg min AX a=1BX b=1w(a;b)[m(a;b)" 528 W1997264248.pdf 1 "Anderson al. Granger causality and connection strength overcome these biases,but the predispositions for action are still revealed by the time it takes us to act. As an example, when shown the word “three” we can either read it aloud or report its parity, and we can do the same when shown the numeral “3.” It turns out that the time to respond interacts with the nature of the format and reveals the omnipresent effect of a stimulus- task predisposition. Besner et al. (2011) found that participants weremuchfasteratmakingparityjudgmentstoArabicnumerals thantonumberspresentedalphabetically(hereafterreferredtoas “numberwords”),buttookaboutthesameamountoftimewhen reading/naming these different stimuli aloud1.T oe x p l a i nt h e i r findings,Besneretal. (2011)proposedageneralaccountinwhich there are various special purpose modules, each of which com- putes specific information-processing routines. An example of suchanaccountcanbeseenin Figure 1,whichisadaptedinlarge part from several well known and highly successful computa- tionalaccountsofreadingaloud(e.g., Coltheartetal.,2001 ;Perry et al., 2007 ). The lexical representations are localist and linguis- tic in nature. Each node in the alphabetic input lexicon consists of the spelling of a word known to the reader. The nodes in theArabicinputlexiconrepresent,minimally,eachsingleArabic numeralfrom0to9.Thesemanticsystemisconceptualandcon- tains general knowledge of the world. Both input lexicons and the semantic system also activate the phonological output lexi- con, whichcontains information abouthoweachitemthereader knows should be pronounced. The additional but theoretically central point here is that the strength of the format-task associ- ations reflects both predispositions (some format-task pairings are more natural and experienced than others; Figure 1A ), and task-induced modulation of the routes connecting the relevant cognitivemodules( Figure 1B ). This account differs from previous accounts in its emphasis ontheassertionthattheconnections betweendifferentrepresen- tations differ in strength. The Arabic numeral format (an input module) is more strongly associated with semantics than is the number word format (hence parity judgments are faster for theformer than the latter). In contrast, the number word format (input module) is more strongly associated with phonology, as compared to Arabic numerals. Indeed, so strongly that it over- comesthefactthatArabicnumeralsaremorefrequentlyencoun- tered in the world than are their number word counterparts (and hence Arabic numerals, despite the fact that they are more frequent than their number word counterparts, are not named faster). Such a framework implies the need for some sort of mediator that functions as an arbiter of task demands.Such task demand units (e.g., see the seminal paper by Cohen et al., 1990 ) could favorsomemodulesoverothers (e.g., by inhibition and/or activation),and/ormodulatethestrengthofconnectionsbetween different modules (see also Norman and Shallice, 1986 ;Monsell 1Support for this strength of connections account has been reported by Adelman et al.(2014) who compared two versions of a computational model for reading words aloud. The model in which word frequency affects the strength of con- nections (stronger for high- than low-f requency words) between an orthographic input lexicon and a phonological output lexicon accounts for more variance inreading aloud response times than does the otherwise identical model in which wordfrequencyaffectstherestinglevelsofactivation(higherrestinglevelsforhigh- than low-frequencywords)inthesesamemodules.and Driver, 2000 ;Kane and Engle, 2003 ). Seeking converging evidence to support this hypothesis, the present work assessed whether this cognitive account has a neurological correlate by measuringchangesinfunctional connectivity infunctional mag- netic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of participants engagedin ourreading/parity taskswithnumberwordsandArabicnumeral stimuli. Choosing a Functional Analysis Methodology Earlierweproposedthattheremustbechangesintheconnection strengthbetweenmodulesthataremodulatedbycombinationsof task demands and stimulus characteristics ( Besner et al., 2011 ). To provide evidence for our claim, we repeated our behavioral task while performing fMRI. We were specifically interested in whether we could observe changes in cortical functional con- nectivity for particular task-stimulus combinations. While thecognitive model per seis agnostic about underlying cortical anatomical localization, the claim about changes in connectiv- ity is more generic. As long as the brain is the physical substrate implementing the cognitive comp onents, functional changes in cognitivemoduleconnectivityshouldproducesomecorrespond- ing changes in brain signals. The key question is whether the brainchangesoccurforparticular task-stimulussetcombinations that are predicted by the cognitive model, rather than whether the brain changes occur in particular brain regions. However, if changes are found, the knowledge about the localization of cog- nitivefunctionsfrompriorfunctionalimagingworkdoesprovide apowerfulcheckontheplausibilitythatthechangesinfunctional connectivity aremeaningful. Functional connectivity assessments in fMRI are relatively new, and there are several available procedures, and no one method has been clearly established as superior to the others (Rogers et al., 2007 ). Therefore, the choice of which one is used rests to a large extent on the familiarity and experience of the researchers involved. Perhaps the only real choice is whetherthereissufficient aprioriinformation availableto warrant estab- lishingacausalmodelinadvanceofexperimentalmeasurements. Ifnot,andtheexperimentislargelyexploratory thenmostof the available methods could be justified, though as will be reviewed shortly, only the Grangermetric offers the potential for support- ing a claim about the causal nature of the relation between two brainregions. Essentially, functional connectivity is a way of measuring to what degree different voxels from a series of functional images move in sync together. Procedures for measuring this type of functionalconnectivity includeGCM,psychophysiological inter- action (PPI), and various graph theoretic measures. The excep- tion to this approach may be dyn amic causal modeling (DCM) where the emphasis is more on comparing particular models of brain module connectivity than exploring what voxels show activationpatternsthatarecorrelated. One of the more direct approaches to functional connectiv- ity is the graph theoretic ( Cao et al., 2014 ). For this technique (Bullmore and Bassett, 2011 ) the BOLD signal for each voxel can be assessed over time. These time series are then corre- lated against each other to see which voxels are correlated with Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 2 March 2015 | Volume 6 | Article 321" 529 W4392437139.pdf 1 "SABINO, 1\1:.&ZORZETTO, M.A.P. -Separação equantificação dasaflatoxinas B""B2>G,eG2por cromatografia líquida dealtaresolução. Rev.Lnst:Adolfo Lutz,44(2):101-108, 1984. Solvenies Metanol p.a. Clorofórmio p.a. Solução decloreto desódioa40/0 Hexano p.a. Metanol Lichrosolv Acetonitrila Lichrosolv Águadestilada, filtrada emfiltroMillipQ'í-e emmembrana filtrante de0,8/Ldeporo (47mmdediâmetro) ref.AAWP, 04700. Soluções-padrão dasaf'latoxlnas BJ, B2'G"" G2emmetanol Lichrosolv Fasemóvel Aáguadestilada Bacetonitrila +metanol (3+2) sendoIAlB65% 35r;1o Aparelho Cromatógrafo automático líquido dealta resolução, cominjetor automático (variá- vel),modo1084A,comsistema gradien- te,acoplado comdetetor variável, U.V., visível, H.P.,modo1030B,comprogra- mador modo79850A-LC, terminal HP Coluna: Lichrosorb RP18-10um (Merck) Frasco: de2mlHP MÉTODO Adeterminação dasaflatoxinas envolve as seguintes operações: a)Preparo daamostra Descascar (seforocaso) etriturar a amostra. Proceder aumaperfeita homoge- neização damesma. b)Extração dasailatoxinae Pesar30gdaamostra etransferir para umfrasco Erlenmeyer de250mlcomtampa esmerilhada. Adicionar àamostra 10mlde águaehomogeneizar combastonete devidro; adicionar 100mldeclorofórmio, fechar o frasco eagitar violentamente durante 30 segundos. Continuar agitando emagitador mecânico por30minutos oumais.Filtrar o extrato empapeldefiltroWhatman n.?1 ouequivalente. Afiltração decertosmate- riais,particularmente amendoim, podeser muitolentaedifícil. Paraevitarestepro- blema, éconveniente filtrar através deuma camada deterradiatornácea, talcomo""Celi- te"".Minimizar aevaporação doclorofórmio cobrindo ofunilcomvidroderelógio efolha depapeldealumínio. Evaporar ofiltrado até oresíduo. Dissolver esteresíduo em50ml demetanol p.a.,transferir parafunilde 102separação de500ml.Adicional 50mldeelo- retodesódioa4%eagitar. Extrair com3 porções de50mldehexano cadapararemo- veragordura. Desprezar ohexano. Extrair comduasporções de50mldeclorofórmio. Evaporar oextrato clorofórmico atéoresí- duo.Transferir oresíduo quantitativamente comclorofórmio parafrasco de2ml,evapo- rarsobgásdenitrogênio atéresíduo. Guar- daremgeladeira, sobproteção daluz,até omomento deusar. c)Cromatoçrafia líquida dealtaresolução Dissolver oresíduo obtido etransferir paraofrascodopróprio aparelho com2ml demetanol Lichrosolv. Injetar estasolução nocromatógrafo paraidentificação equan- tificação dasaflatoxinas. Programação deoperação-coluna (RP18) Fasemóvel acetonitrila-metanol (3+2) -água(35+65%) Detetor: U.V.(350nm) Fluxo: 2,0ml/minuto Injeção:50/LI Sensibilidade: 0,05 Atenuação: ATTN 2 Temperatura doforno: ambiente Asaflatoxinas sãodetectadas porabsor- çãonoU.V.a350nm,equantificadas pela áreadospicosobtidos comparada àáreados picosdassoluções-padrão. Asafiatoxinas sãodetectadas porabsor- çãonoU.V.a350nm,equantificadas pela áreadospicosobtidos comparada àáreados picosdassoluções-padrão, segundo af'ór- mula: AxXCsXVsXSD AsXVxXWaflatoxinas (/Lg/kg) Ax áreaintegrada daaflatoxina (B"" B2'G""G2) CSconcentração daafiatoxina-padrão (/Lg/ml) Vs=/LIdasolução-padrão injetada SDdiluição finaldoextrato daamostra em/LI Asáreaintegrada dasolução-padrão Vx.-/LIdoextrato daamostra injetada Wpesodaamostra representado pelo volume doextrato utilizado por CLAR RESULTADOS As4aflatoxinas BJ, B2,GleG2foram resolvidas porCLAR em15minutos edetec- tadasnoU.V.a350nm.Os4compostos " 530 W4386831856.pdf 3 "Bugallo VL , Facciuto GR & Poggio L4 of 9 Rodriguésia 74: e00872022 . 2023 a caliber and registered in millimeters. Estimation of the mean leaf area was made by means of the measurement of this parameter in a Green Leaf Area Meter GA-5 (Tokio Photoelectrics) in at least 10 leaves for genotype. Comparison between genome size, cytological and phenotype characters The comparisons between the genomic size and the phenotypic characters obtained in this work, as well as with previously published cytological characters (Bugallo et al. 2020; Kew 2021), were made through regressions to establish correlations. Statistical design and analysis The hypothesis of similarity of means 1Cx value, flower diameter, leaf area and internodal length between the different genotypes and taxa of Passiflora was verified according to an F-test (ANOV A) in a completely randomized design and they were compared by means of a Between Sum of Squares (BSS) statistical test with significance level p 0.05. Correlations between characters were studied by means of linear regressions. All statistical analyses have been performed with the InfoStat package (version 2009, National University of Córdoba, Argentina) (Di Rienzo et al. 2010). Results As a result of the flow cytometric analysis, histograms of the relative content of nuclear DNA of Argentinean genotypes of Passiflora and Hordeum vulgare cv. New Golden were obtained. The amount of 1Cx DNA estimated for Passiflora taxa from Argentina ranged between 0.54 and 2.52 picograms in P . capsularis and P. alata species, respectively ( Tab. S2, available on supplementary material < https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.23905617.v1 >). The BSS statistical comparison carried out between the analyzed taxa showed the existence of similarity between the sizes of the genomes in the Decaloba and Dysosmia subgenus species, differing with the Passiflora subgenus species, which presented higher amounts of DNA. Comparison among the amounts of DNA in the monoploid complements (1Cx) of the taxa allowed the recognition of five groups: a) P . capsularis , P . suberosa , P . morifolia and P. foetida with 0.54 to 0.72 picograms of DNA per genome; b) P . tucumanensis with 0.91 pg.; c) P . elegans and P . cincinnata with 1.29 and 1.35 pg.; d) P . edulis f. edulis , P . edulis f. flavicarpa , P . caerulea , P . mooreana (diploid and tetraploid) and P . amethystina with 1.52 to 1.76 pg., e) P. alata with 2.52 pg. This analysis differentiated the Passiflora subgenus, which presented a greater amount of DNA in its genome (0.91 to 2.52 pg.), from the Dysosmia and Decaloba subgenera (0.54 to 0.72 pg.). Within the subgenus Passiflora , there was variation between the C values of the different taxa. In addition, intraspecific differences in the size of the genomes were recorded in the species P. caerulea , P . elegans and P . edulis f. flavicarpa . The species with the highest number of genotypes in this work was P . caerulea , of which 10 accessions were studied. There were found 3 different statistical groups (ANOV A-BSS) and a variation from 1.33 to 1.80 pg. of DNA per haploid genome. In the studied species of Passiflora , variation in the phenotypic characters, flower diameter, length of internodes and leaf area were found ( Tab. S2, available on supplementary material < https:// doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23905617.v1 >). In linear regression studies (Fig. 1), genome size (Cx value) and flower diameter correlated significantly (R2 = 0.75), as well as leaf area and flower diameter (R2 = 0.58). Correlations of less than 0.5 were found between genome size and leaf area (R2 = 0.40), and between the length of the internodes and the rest of the studied characters: with the leaf area (R2 = 0.31), with genome size (R2 = 0.15) and flower diameter (R2 = 0.13). The three phenotypic characters studied in this work, flower diameter, leaf area and length of internodes, showed intra and inter-specific variation. A linear regression was performed between the total length of the genome, estimated by measuring the chromosomes in the genotypes of the collection (Bugallo et al . 2020), and the amount of DNA per haploid genome estimated in this work. The results showed that the two variables were closely correlated, with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.95 (Fig. 1). When the total length of the genome was compared with the estimated genomic sizes for other genotypes of these species, known prior to this work, the same correlation was found (R2 = 0.95). Discussion In this work, the nuclear DNA content of 30 genotypes corresponding to 13 taxa of" 531 W2884489219.pdf 2 "2. Main points of this book Technological change is one of the greatest issues in the modern world. As the world faces societal challenges, for example, climate challenges, aging problem, and energy security, tech - nology will contribute to new or better solutions for those problems. New technologies take longer to develop and mature; moreover which tend to be born in the interconnection of mul - tiple technology fields, therefore early detection of emerging technological concepts across multiple disciplines will be a very important issue. Our goal is to seek to develop automated methods that aid the systematic, continuous and comprehensive assessment of technological emergence using one of the major foresight exercises, scientometrics. There is now a huge flood of scientific and technical information, especially scientific publications and patent information. Using the information patterns of emergence for technological concepts have been discovered and theories of technical emer - gence have also been developed in several years. We have been developing visualization tools that thousands of technical areas have been interacted with each other and evolved in time. Several indicators of technical emergence have been improved by universities, international organizations, and funding agencies. This book intends to provide readers a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in scientometrics, focusing on the systematic, continuous and comprehensive assessment of technological emergence. This book is composed of 12 chapters by cutting-of-edge authors of many different nationalities from Europe to Asia. Especially the chapter “Mapping Science based on research content similarity” by Dr Kawa- mura shows an interesting methodology for analyzing publications based on an adaptation of word embedding and paragraph embedding with an entropy-based word clustering meth - odology. The proposed combination of word embedding and entropy-based approach is very useful for the scientometrics community. 3. Conclusions and future perspective Last but not least, we would like to mention an expected future landscape of this field. Now it is evolutionary time from basic research phase to implementation phase and scientometrics will be expected to be applied to the fields below at the implementation level. 3.1. IP landscape Recently “IP landscape” has been referred in the field of intangible assets. IP landscape pro - vides not only a snapshot but also a strategic analysis of the IP trends of a specific technology field within either a given company or a given country. It is said that the techniques or tools in scientometrics are very useful for the needs of IP landscape as following: (i) understanding of IP for products and technologies, (ii) building a simple model,Scientometrics 4" 532 W4361804907.pdf 1 "2and re-ligating the plasmid. hARGal4ΔTAU5/whtlf+, hARGal4ΔTAU5/ahtaa+, hARGal4ΔTAU5/2Xwhtlf+, and hARGal4ΔTAU5/3Xwhtlf+ were generated by inserting synthetic double-stranded cassettes with flanking BssH II sites into BssH II-digested hARGal4ΔTAU5. Fusions between the Gal4 DBD (pM, Clontech) and WHTLF- or AHTAA-containing peptides were cons tructed using the same strategy. Details of the primers used for mutagene sis reactions will be made available upon request. All deletion and point-mutant constructs were sequenced to verify their integrity and tested for expression via transient tran sfection and Western blot with anti-AR and anti-Gal4 antibodies. Supplemental Figure Legends Supplemental Figure 1. AR does not display ligand-inde pendent activity in androgen- dependent LNCaP cells. LNCaP cells were transfected with ARE-driven or GAL4- driven, PSA-based reporter construc ts along with wild-type (WT) AR Gal4 or ARGal4 ΔTAU5 as indicated. Cells were grown in serum-free medium for 48h. Luciferase activity was determined. Data represent the mean +/- S.E. from at least three independent experiments, each performed in duplicate. Supplemental Figure 2. TAU5 is dispensable for AR activity in response to 1nM mibolerone in ADI C4-2 cells. C4-2 cells were transfected with MMTV-LUC along with wild-type and ΔTAU5 versions of AR sr as indicated and treated with 1nM Mib or" 533 W1993529186.pdf 4 "352 RELIGIOUS EDUCATION FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION Modern educational psychology challenges society and all its organizations to service in a note that has no uncertain ring. There is no time to do this challenge justice in this brief paper, but there are at least two principles that stand out so clear that we who are concerned about religious education need to sit up and take notice. The first of these is the fact that such things as science, music, ideals of social living, religious philosophies of life, and a few other things that go with culture, can be guaranteed to succeeding gener- ations only on the basis of education. All that heredity and instinct can do is to provide for rudimentary living. After a fashion we have always believed this, otherwise the question of education and schools would be a matter of only yester- day. But we have not believed it in the way that the naked facts revealed by educational psychology compel us to believe it. Conse- quently, we are beginning to realize what plastic beings children are and how completely their futures rest with us. Now and then an individual kicks the traces, but in general, people share the ideas of the home in which they grow up, the school they go to and the com- munity in which they live. If a child is to have the advantage of the best, therefore, he must be given a chance to share the best in his own immediate environment and to share in the remodeling of the community to this end. The second fact established by modern educational psychology is that education is assured only when all instruction is either done through or supplemented by actual participation in the art of doing and living. Learning by rote ethical codes and knowing a catechism forwards and backwards are no more a guarantee of right living and logical theological thinking, than being able to recite the laws of chemistry makes a man a practical chemist. The way to become a chemist is by discovering and verifying chemical law through experiment. And the way to become safe in ethical living and sound in theological thinking is to practice ethical living every day from childhood to old age, and by testing out theological doctrine in human experience. Ethics and religion can be taught, but they are not taught simply when children have been exposed to the sound of their formulae and the sight of their ceremonialism and symbolism. It is quite true that the contemplation of these things as well as the perfunctory participation in them produces habits of thought and mind that become fixed. This ""set of the mind"" Professor Coe defines as the result of education whether consciously or uncon- sciously directed, but what we want is a ""set of mind"" that is alert. Downloaded by [Computing & Library Services, University of Huddersfield] at 14:27 13 January 2015 " 534 W1996775489.pdf 1 "In mammalian hosts, adult forms of trematodes consume large amounts of glucose to generate and supply energy by running theglycolytic pathway [10]. Adult schistosomes import exogenousglucose, equivalent to their dry body weight every 4 hours fromhost blood by using glucose transporters in their tegumentalmembranes [11,12]. In C. sinensis , glucose transporter and Na +/ glucose co-transporter are expressed abundantly in the adult stagebut less so in the metacercarial stage as presented in the C. sinensis transcriptome [13]. Adult C. sinensis worms uptake glucose to produce energy in the anaerobic environment of the bile duct [14]. Therefore, we expected that C. sinensis could be labeled with 2- deoxy-2-[ 18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG), a glucose analogue used for the radiolabeling and diagnostic imaging of cancer cells [15].Thus, by ex vivo labeling CsNEJs with 18F-FDG, we hoped their migration in the final host could be traced in vivo by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). In vivo imaging techniques have strong merits for the no- ninvasive tracing on pathogens moving within tissues of livinganimals, as they involve minimal manipulation and/or euthanasiaof animals, and allow repetitive tracking in same animals.Furthermore, as was found in the present study, these techniquesmake it possible to monitor the distribution and migration ofCsNEJs in vivo from the duodenum to the liver or distal bowel. This study was carried out to determine how CsNEJs find their way and how rapidly they migrate to the intrahepatic bile duct by using in vitro 18F-FDG radiolabeling and PET-CT in a rabbit model. Materials and Methods 1. Collection of C. sinensis metacercariae Topmouth gudgeons ( Pseudorasbora parva ), the second interme- diate host of C. sinensis , were purchased at a fish market in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China. Fisheswere ground then digested in artificial gastric juice (8 g of pepsin1:10,000 (MP Biochemicals Co., Solon, OH, USA) and 8 ml ofconcentrated HCl in 1 liter of water) for 2 hr at 37 uC [10]. To remove particulate matters, the digested soup was filtered througha sieve of 212 mm mesh. C. sinensis metacercariae (135–145mm690–100 mm) were then filtered out using seives of 106 and 53 mm meshes and washed thoroughly several times with 0.85% saline. C. sinensis metacercariae were collected under a dissecting microscope and stored in phosphate-buffered saline at 4uC until required [10]. 2. Labeling CsNEJs with radio-isotope The metacercarial cyst wall of C. sinensis is thick and can hinder glucose diffusion. Thus to maximize radiolabeling efficiency, metacercariae were excysted and juvenile worms were liberatedfrom cysts. The C. sinensis metacercariae were excysted by treating them with 0.05% trypsin at 37 uC for 5 minutes (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) in 1 6Locke’s solution (150 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 1.8 mM CaCl 2, 1.9 mM NaHCO 3), a maintaining medium ofCsNEJs [16]. CsNEJs were washed 5 times with 1 6Locke’s solution, and used immediately. CsNEJs were divided into two groups of 10–270 juveniles each; one was of CsNEJs that excysted just before radiolabeling and the other was of the CsNEJs fasted for 24 hours. The two CsNEJ groups were radio-labeled with18F- FDG by incubating them in 1 6Locke’s solution containing 74 MBq18F-FDG at 37 uC for 15, 30, or 60 min. After washing 3 times with 1 6Locke’s solution, radioactivity was measured for 10 min using a PET (GEMINI TF, Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, USA). Numbers of CsNEJs were counted and labeling efficiency was calculated as counts per minute (cpm) divided bynumber of the CsNEJs. Radio-labeling efficiencies of the CsNEJs in both groups were measured 3 times and significant differences were determined using the student’s t-test. 3. Gallbladder contraction in response to cholecystokinin by cholescintigraphy Rabbits (New Zealand White, male, 2.2–2.5 kg) were purchased from Samtako Bio Korea Inc. (Osan, Korea). Rabbits were cared for and handled according to guidelines issued by Chung-Ang University College of Medicine Animal Facility (an accreditedfacility) in accordance with AAALAC International Animal Carepolicy. Animal experiments were approved by the institutionalreview board of the Chung-Ang University animal facility (CAUMD 09-0024). Gallbladder contraction and emptying time induced by cholecystokinin-8 (CCK–8) varied from rabbit to rabbit. To selectrabbits that responded sensitively to CCK-8, cholescintigraphy and 99mTc-mebrofenin (3-bromo-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl carba- moylmethyl iminodiacetic acid) were used. Briefly, rabbits werefasted for 12 hrs and anesthetized with a 0.47 mg/kg Rompun(xylazine hydrochloride; Bayer Korea, Seoul, Korea) and 12.5 mg/kg Zoletil 50 (Zolazepam and Tiletamine; Virvac Korea, Seoul), intramuscular injection. 99mTc-mebrofenin (74 MBq) in 0.5 ml volume was then administered via an ear vein to eachanesthetized rabbit. When full of 99mTc-mebrofenin, gallbladders were stimulated to contract by injecting CCK–8 intravenously at 20 ng/kg every 1 min. A dynamic image was taken every 1 min for 1 hour for each rabbit. All images were obtained with arotating dual-headed gamma camera equipped with a low-energy,high-resolution collimator (Vertex TM, Philips Healthcare, Cleve-land, OH, USA) using a 256 6256-pixel matrix at an energy range of 20% at 140 keV. 4.In vivo imaging of migration of the CsNEJs using PET- CT Fresh CsNEJs (n = ,3,000) were radio-labeled with18F-FDG by incubating them in a maintaining medium containing 74 MBq18F- FDG at 37 uC for 15 min. CsNEJs were washed 3 times with 1 6Author Summary Clonorchis sinensis adults habituating in the bile duct cause clonorchiasis endemic in East Asian countries, in which about 15–20 million people are supposedly infected. It has previously been reported that C. sinensis metacercariae excyst in the duodenum and that the juvenile flukesmigrate to the bile duct through the ampulla of Vater in 4– 7 hours. Recently advanced imaging technologies have enabled visualization of movements and localizations ofparasites in mammalian hosts. From present study, wefound the following: newly excysted C. sinensis juveniles (CsNEJs) were efficiently in vitro radiolabeled with 18F-FDG since CsNEJs have glucose transporters; CCK-8-induced gallbladder contraction was various rabbit to rabbit; CsNEJs promptly recognized bile and migrated up the duodenum to reach the intrahepatic bile ducts by way ofthe ampulla of Vater and the common bile duct as early as7–9 minutes after inoculation. Some CsNEJs responding slowly to the bile delayed arriving at the distal bile capillaries. It was visualized for the first time that theCsNEJs migrate quickly within 10–20 minutes from the duodenum to the intrahepatic bile duct. These findings provide fundamental information on the migration of parasites living in the biliary passages of mammals.In Vivo Migration of Clonorchis sinensis www.plosntds.org 2 December 2011 | Volume 5 | Issue 12 | e1414" 535 W4283258181.pdf 18 "Page 19/27pJS297 Δ pJS287 BamHI in-frame deletion This study pJS302 Δ pKanMobSacB::cytC4 in-frame deletion This study pJS314 Δ pBluescript::pufC in-frame deletion This study pJS315 Δ pKanMobSacB::pufC in-frame deletion     Table 2  Oligonucleotide Primer Sequences" 536 W3097280976.pdf 21 "https://ncats.nih.gov/tox21 Tox21:NCATS Public Data Release" 537 W4390467522.pdf 2 "229 Ramayana and Animism in Wayang Puppet Theatreand Christians, wayang plays present essentially an «animist ontology», braiding enter - tainment and ritual efficacy.4 Performances are occasioned by communal celebrations and rites of passages such as planting and harvest festivities, commemoration of ancestors, tooth filings, circumcisions, weddings, birthdays, thanksgiving for fishing, exorcism, completion of building projects, release from vows, pregnancy rites, and rites honoring the first time a baby sets foot on the ground or has a haircut. Performances aim to propi - tiate spirits, venerate ancestors, retell myths and legends, visualize the demonic and the di - vine, and remind audiences of their ethical duties, behavioral norms, and spiritual values. As vehicles for summoning unseen forces, the puppets themselves are sacred. The puppet, as what performance theorist Joe Roach calls an «effigy», summons through a process of «surrogation» historical or mythical figures at a remove. The kayon , a tree of life figure that opens and closes performances and acts as an all-purpose stage property, is an axis mundi , a representation of passage from the chthonic and demonic domain, through the middle world of humans, up to the celestial plane. This does not imply that performing wayang should be equated with the worship of nature spirits. These beings – such as Dewi Sri, the rice goddess – do appear in wayang plays, but they are generally not revered as deities.5 Rather, for many Javanese Muslim puppeteers, for example, they are invoked as natural symbols in the service of collective well-being. As one senior puppeteer explained it to me, the ritual drama of Mapag Sri (‘Greeting Sri’) which concerns the rice goddess Sri and the origins of agriculture, spon - sored annually by agricultural villages in the Cirebon region of W est Java, is a collective search for «goodness, a search for purity, a search for God’s blessings. For mapag means ‘to follow’, while sri is ‘purity’. So with Mapag Sri the symbolic goal is for us, as God’s creations, to strive for goodness, for peace, for happiness, for salvation».6 But in wayang mythology, Sri is not only a symbol for the good, she is also a par - ticular kind of being, a dewi or bathari, who in wayang enters into dialogue with other 4  Cfr. D escola 2013: 129-143. 5  Even in Bali, a majority Hindu island, the gods and nature spirits are prone to faults. 6  Interview with Sukarta at his home in Bongas, Majalengka on 25 June 2019: «kebecikan, nggayuh kealusan, nggayuh ridhoeng Pengeran. Mapag – nusul, Sri iku alus. Dados Mapag Sri ku tujuane sih dados, ‘ayulah, kula sageda makhlukeng Pangeran, ayo nggayuh kebecikan, mamrih keslametan, mamrih kebegjan, mamrih kerahyuan,’ simbolnya seperti itu »." 538 W4206485376.pdf 2 "Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3240 (Paper) ISSN 2224-3259 (Online) Vol.115, 2021 93 based on availability charge or user-by-charge usag e charge. The scheme of payment system is based on the agreement between the government and the private se ctors. 3. Characteristics of PPPs The provisions of infrastructures are identified as a state action in providing public facilities. Tra ditionally, the government carries out this provision. The governme nt, currently, do not dominate infrastructure devel opment. The private sectors involve in the development and operationalization of facilities for the community. This PPPs model is very different from the more dom inant models so far such as the traditional procurement and privatization. The differences between PPPs and the traditional pr ocurement are as follows. The legal relationship between the government and the private sectors in t raditional procurement is limited to the implementa tion of the design and construction of infrastructure that is g overned by a design-build (DB) agreement. 1 Private sectors build and the government finance and operate the in frastructure facilities. This is different from the PPPs model that private sectors carry out activities of Design -Build-Finance-Operate-Maintain (DBFOM) of faciliti es. The facilities will be returned to the government withi n a certain time frame as stipulated in the agreeme nt. PPPs also differs from privatization. Based on the Indonesian law, the concept of privatization is kno wn as transfers of assets or equities from the state-owne d enterprises (SoE) to the private sectors. 2 The definition of privatization can be found in the Law No. 19 of 200 3 concerning State Owned Enterprise (hereinafter abbreviated as ‘Law of SoE’). In Article 1 Point 12 affirms that privatization as a result of the sale of shares of SoE either partially or wholly to the private party . The objective of privatization is to improve the performance or value of the company, increase benefits for the state and society, and share ownership to public. Privatization as a transfer of assets is regulated in the Law No. 1/2004 concerning State Treasury and the Government Regulation No. 27 of 2014 concerning The Management of State/Local Property as the implementing regulation. This Government Regulation stipulates that the transfer of properties owned b y state or regional government is classified privatization. Th e properties include the properties purchased or ob tained at the expense of state or regional budgets and other lega lly obtained from grants or the like, properties ob tained as execution of agreements, properties obtained in acc ordance with the provisions of statutory regulation s, or properties obtained under a court decision which ha s permanent legal force. In the PPPs scheme, there is no action of transferring asset or equities from state to private sectors. 4. Indonesian PPPs Laws The initial enactment of the Indonesian PPPs law wa s the Presidential Decree No. 7 of 1998 concerning Public- Private Partnerships in Development and/or Infrastr ucture Management (hereinafter referred to as 'Pres idential Decree 7/1998') in 1998. The Presidential Decree 7/ 1998 was declared null and void by the enactment of the Presidential Regulation No. 67 of 2005 concerning G overnment Cooperation with Business Entities in the Provision of Infrastructure (hereinafter abbreviate d as ‘Presidential Regulation 67/2005’). This Presi dential Regulation was substituted by Presidential Regulati on No. 38 of 2015 concerning Government Cooperation with Business Entities in the Provision of Infrastructur e (hereinafter abbreviated ‘Presidential Regulation 38/2015’). Presidential Decree 7/1998 only regulated the devel opment of economic infrastructures. The social infrastructures have not been regulated in the Pres idential Decree until the enactment of Presidential Regulation 67/2005. Economic and social infrastructures remain as part of Presidential Regulation 38/2015. Presidential Regulation 38/2015 affirms five object ives of the PPPs. 3 Firstly, PPPs aim to provide for sustainable financing in the provision of infrastru cture through the mobilization of private funds. Se condly, PPPs aims to realisation the provision of infrastructure s with certain quality, effective, efficient, targe ted, and timely. Thirdly, PPPs is endeavoured to encourage the parti cipation of private sector in the provision of infr astructures based on sound business principles. Fourthly, PPPs encourages the use of the principle of users pay fo r services received, or in some cases consider the ability to pay users. Fifthly, PPPs provides certainty of retu rn of investment of private sector in the provision of in frastructures through payment mechanism periodicall y by government to private sector. The principles of PPPs adopted by the Presidential Regulation 38/2015 are as follows. 4 Firstly, the principle of partnerships is the cooperation between the gove rnment and the private sector based on the legislat ion and considers the needs of both parties. Secondly, the principle of utilization is the provision of infras tructure by the government and private sector to provide social and economic benefits for the community. Thirdly, the fair competition principle is the procurement of busines s entity conducted through fair, open, and transpar ent. 1 Grimsey, Darrin and Mervyn Lewis (2007) Public Private Partnerships and Public Procurement , Agenda, Volume 14, Number 2, pp. 171- 188 2 Yescombe, E. R. (2007) Public-Private Partnership , Elsevier, Great Britain 3 Article 3 the Presidential Regulation 38/2015 4 Article 4 the Presidential Regulation 38/2015" 539 W2147638580.pdf 3 "4 ClinicalandDevelopmentalImmunology Table 2: Effects of KIRgenesandgenotypesontheonsetageofHCC byKManalysis. KIRgeneand genotype𝑛(%) Medianage Pvalue 2DL1Negative 4(2.3) 450.82 Positive 167(97.7) 50 2DL2Negative 137(80.1) 500.09 Positive 34(19.9)) 49 2DL3Negative 4(2.3) 450.81 Positive 167(97.7)) 50 2DL5Negative 103(60.2) 500.67 Positive 68(39.8) 50 3DL1Negative 3(1.8) 410.68 Positive 168(98.2) 50 2DS1Negative 109 (63.7) 500.49 Positive 62(36.3) 49 2DS2Negative 139 (81.3) 500.09 Positive 32(18.7) 50 2DS3Negative 145(84.8) 500.07 Positive 26(15.2) 49 2DS4(f)Negative 28(16.4) 490.83 Positive 143(83.6) 50 2DS4(d)Negative 116(67.8) 500.97 Positive 55(32.2) 49 2DS5Negative 124 (72.5) 500.50 Positive 47 (27.5) 51 3DS1Negative 108 (63.2) 490.98 Positive 63(36.8) 50 KIRgenotypeAA 84(49.1) 500.42 BX 87(50.9) 50 thisperiodicscreeninghasbeenpracticedwidely,itsbenefits remain uncertain. Therefore, an optimal HCC surveillanceprogramwithacceptablecosteffectivenessisneeded,partic-ularlyforat-riskpopulations[ 4,29].Oneofthecontroversial issues is that when to begin this periodic screening in HBV-infected patients. The American Association for Study ofLiver Disease recommends that, for noncirrhotic patientswithhepatitisB,malesabovetheageof40yearsandfemalesabovetheageof50yearsareappropriatecandidatesforHCC surveillance [ 30]. The Asia-Pacific Association for Study of Liver Disease recommends the HCC surveillance programfor high-risk patients with chronic hepatitis B (especiallythose who aged>30yearswithserumHBVDNAlevels >20 000IU/mL)intheabsenceofaknowndiagnosisofcirrhosis[5].TheMinistryofHealthofthePeople’sRepublicofChina recommends lately that, for HBV-infected patients, malesabove the age of 40 years and females above the age of 50years are appropriate candidates for HCC surveillance [ 28]. K n o w l e d g eo nt h ef a c t o r st h a ti n fl u e n c et h ea g eo fH C Conset will provide basis for the improvement of the currentHCC surveillance programs. HCC occurs mainly in men.Male:femaleratiosbetween3:1and4:1arereportedinEastTable 3: Effects of HLA-C-KIR ligand-receptorcombinationsonthe onsetageofHCCbyKManalysis. HLA-KIR combination𝑛Medianage Pvalue C1C1-KIR2DL3Negative 40 500.81 Positive 98 47 C1C2-KIR2DL3Negative 109 480.78 Positive 29 50 C1C2-KIR2DL1Negative 110 490.65 Positive 28 50 C2C2-KIR2DL1Negative 131 490.81 Positive 7 50 C1C1-KIR2DS2/2DL2Negative 141 500.004∗∗ Positive 20 44 C1C2-KIR2DS2/2DL2Negative 155 490.53 Positive 8 53 C1C2-KIR2DS1Negative 134 500.68 Positive 7 50 C2C2-KIR2DS1Negative 138 500.12 Positive 3 43 ∗∗𝑃<0.01. Table 4: Multivariate Cox model survival analysis of C1C1+2DS2/2DL2 andotherfactorsontheonsetageofHCC. Factor Pvalue HR 95%CI C1C1+2DS2/2DL2 0.04∗1.70 1.01–2.85 Cirrhosis 0.03 0.59 0.36–0.96HBeAgpositive 0.39 1.19 0.80–1.77 FamilyhistoryofHBV-relateddiseases 0.23 1.30 0.85–2.01 ∗𝑃<0.05. China[1,20,27].Inthisstudy,weexaminedthe KIRandHLA genetic background in 171 male patients. We found that themedianonsetageofHCCwas6yearsearlierinpatientswithap a r t i c u l a r HLA-KIR combination of C1C1-KIR2DS2/2DL2 thanthat ofthepatientswithoutthiscombination( Table 4). The patients with C1C1-KIR2DS2/2DL2 accounted for about 12% of this study cohort. Because both KIRgenes and HLA- C1can be identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction [31], which is economical and time saving, the detection ofKIR2DS2/2DL2 andHLA-C1 is easy to be applied in clinicalpractice.Therefore,thisstudycouldhelpfocusearly- detection programs to a two-tiered model for greatest cost- benefitratio. In our previous case-control study, several KIRand HLAvariants, including HLA-C1C1 ,HLA-Bw4-80I, and KIR2DS4(f)/(d) , were identified as the risk factors for HCC developmentinthepatientswithHBVinfection.Becauseallof these risk factors we found had been reported to result inhighNKcellfunctionalpotential,thedatastronglysuggestedthat overactivation of NK cell contributed to HBV-relatedHCCdevelopment[ 20].Theresultsofcurrentstudysupport the importance of NK cells (or other KIR expressing cells)intheprogressofHBV-relatedHCCdevelopment.Wecouldnotdistinguishtheeffectbetween C1C1-2DS2 andC1C1-2DL2" 540 W4388456642.pdf 12 "Q8 showed signi ficant differences for both virtual robotic limb appearances ( Figures 11A, B , and Supplementary Table S1 ). Q1 scores were signi ficantly higher in the hand condition compared to the foot and multiple body parts conditions. Q2 and Q7 scores were signi ficantly higher in the hand condition compared to the foot and multiple body partsconditions. In addition, these scores were signi ficantly lower in the foot condition than in the multiple body parts condition.Q3 scores were signi ficantly higher in the hand condition than in the conditions of the foot and multiple body parts. Furthermore,these scores were signi ficantly higher in the foot condition than in the multiple body parts cond ition. Q8 scores were signi ficantly l o w e ri nt h eh a n dc o n d i t i o nt h a ni nt h ef o o ta n dm u l t i p l eb o d y parts conditions in the manipulator appearance condition, andQ6 scores were signi ficantly higher in the hand condition than in the foot condition. Furthermore, Figures 11C, D show differences in the subjective sense of agency and body ownership between thehuman avatar appearance and the multiple body parts condition.Q2 and Q7 scores for the hand in the human avatar appearancewere signi ficantly higher compared to the virtual robotic limb in the multiple body parts condition. These scores for the foot in the h u m a na v a t a ra p p e a r a n c ew e r es i g n i ficantly lower compared to the virtual robotic limb in the multiple body parts condition. Q3 and Q8 scores for the hand of the human avatar appearancewere signi ficantly lower than in the virtual robotic limb of the multiple body parts condition. These scores for the foot in thehuman avatar were signi ficantly higher than those of the virtual robotic limb in the multiple body parts condition. Q4 scores forthe human avatar hand appearance were signi ficantly lower than those in the multiple body parts condition of the manipulatorappearance. Q6 scores for the human avatar hand appearancewere signi fic a n t l yh i g h e rt h a nt h o s ef o rt h em u l t i p l eb o d yp a r t s condition. Q9 scores for the human avatar ’s hand appearance were signi ficantly lower than those fo r the multiple body parts condition. Q2 and Q3 scores in the multiple body parts condition were signi ficantly correlated with those in the manipulator appearance condition ( p= .035, r= .433, R 2= .277) ( Figure 12B ). Q7 and Q8 scores in the multiple body parts condition were signi ficantly correlated with those in the humanoid condition ( p= .017, r= .482, R2= .218) ( Figure 12C ) and the manipulator appearance condition ( p<.001, r= .838, R2= .691) ( Figure 12D ). There was no signi ficant correlation between the questionnaire scores for each body part (hand: Q2, Q7, foot: Q3, Q8) and eachproprioceptive drift in the multiple body parts condition(Table 2 ). 6 Discussion 6.1 Gap between proprioceptive drift and subjective perceptual attribution Each measurement index in this study showed a pattern of perceptual attribution in each condition ( Figure 13 ). However, the results of proprioceptive drift and subjective perceptualFIGURE 13 Main results of this study. Each cell shows the main findings based on each index. TABLE 2 Correlation between proprioceptive drift and questionnaire for each body part. Questionnaire Proprioceptive drift Visual appearance pr R2 Q2 Hand Humanoid .983 −.005 .001 Q2 Hand Manipulator .584 .128 .014 Q3 Foot Humanoid .478 −.152 .018 Q3 Foot Manipulator .206 .333 .072Q7 Hand Humanoid .113 .332 .088 Q7 Hand Manipulator .445 .230 .027 Q8 Foot Humanoid .099 .345 .154Q8 Foot Manipulator .450 .138 .026 Frontiers in Virtual Reality frontiersin.org 13Sakurada et al. 10.3389/frvir.2023.1210303" 541 W1489269437.pdf 29 " Computational Fluid Dynamics Technologies and Applications 210 The simulations produced the following conclusions: 1. After calibration, the SST k- ω model simulated the velocity recovery rate observed downwind from a 2-dimensio nal windbreak with an R2 factor of 0.95 for distances of 0 to 30 H, where H is the height of the windbreak; 2. The SST k- ω model predicted odour concentration with an R2 value generally above 0.75 for values over 150 m away from the windbreak, which is considered quite acceptable for odour simulations. 3. A less porous or denser windbreak (aerodynam ic porosity of 0.2 versus 0.4 and 0.66) produced a shorter, wider and more intense odour plume; 4. Assuming that the air flow resistance was proportional to the square of the tree diameter, the tree type had almost no effect on the size of the odour plume. As opposed to the conifer, the poplar windbreak created a slightly shorter odour plume for the same aerodynamic porosity; 5. A taller windbreak resulted in a shorter odour plume, by creating a taller low turbulence zone downwind from the windbr eak, where more odours were trapped and retained for dispersion; 6. When close to odour source, the windbr eak produces a shorter odour plume. 7. In terms of climatic factors, atmospheric stability was the governing element since it generally establishes wind speed and air te mperature gradient; under low wind speeds weaker than convective forces, the odour plume was shorter but under low convective forces, higher wind speeds created more turbulences and shorter odour plumes. 6. Nomenclature AHT is absolute hedonic tone AS is atmospheric stability as is a factor involved in determining TKE Cir is the inertial resistance coefficient Cir0 is the constant Cp is specific heat of air D1 and D2 are the tree diameters Di,m is the diffusion coefficient for species i in the gaseous mixture DT,i is the thermal diffusion coefficient for species i in the gaseous mixture DWO is the distance between the windbreak and the odour source E is the total energy Fi is the resistance to wind flow g is acceleration of gravity gi is the component of the gr avitational vector in the ith direction H is the total height of the windbreak HF is the vertical heat flux hi is the height at which the rate of the gr adient of the tree diameter changed at the ith height hABL is the height of the atmospheric boundary layer Hi is the sensible enthalpy of ith species HT is the odour hedonic tone Ji is the diffusion flux of species i ka is the van Karman constant ranging from 0.35 to 0.43, and n9ormally equal to 0.4 www.intechopen.com" 542 W4320922682.pdf 7 "(SPRINT), aspirin use had no impact on the risk of all-cause death in hypertensive patients (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.53 –1.30) ( Del et al., 2022 ). According to a cohort study using the Colorectal Cancer Data BaseSweden (CRCBaSe), aspirin use dur ing follow-up was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04 –1.15) but not colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.91 –1.06) among patients who were diagnosed with CRC ( Shahrivar et al., 2022 ). In Denmark, after a prostate cancer diagnosis, the usage of low-dose aspirin was compared to death in a large cohort research. According tothefindings, taking low-dose aspirin during exposure periods of 5 years (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83 –1.00) and 7 years (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72 –0.97) was associated with a slight reduction in prostate cancer mortality(Skriver et al., 2019 ). The Nurses ’Health Study found that women who reported low-to-moderate aspirin use had a decreased risk of death from all causes (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.71 –0.81), CVD (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.55 –0.71), and cancer (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81 –0.96) during the course of a 24-year follow-up compared to those who never took aspirin ( Chan et al., 2007 ). As previously mentioned, aspirin use and the risks of cardiovascular events, overall mortal ity, and cause-speci ficd e a t ha r es t i l lb e i n gd e b a t e d . Previous RCTs and observational studies were mainly conducted inselected populations and there is a lack of studies conducted in community-based genera l populations. For the first time, our study provides a special perspective on aspirin ’s primary preventive effect in the generally representative nation al population. We found that taking low-dose aspirin had no bene ficial effect on the risk of dying due to any cause while high-dose aspirin use might increases the risk of CVDdeath, especially for those aged 60 years and older. Bleeding is the most frequent aspirin side effect, which may cancel out any positive effects. For example, taking aspirin increased gastrointestinal bleeding incidents substantially (HR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.36 –3.28) compared with placebo in the ARRIVE trial ( Gaziano et al., 2018 ). An earlier study found that aspirin users who are 70 years of age or older have a dramatically increased risk ofbleeding events ( Patrono et al., 2005 ). Aspirin ’s positive and negative effects have the same underlying me chanism. The primary metabolite of arachidonic acid, thromboxane A2 (TXA2), can be inhibited byaspirin. Aspirin ’s therapeutic effectiveness in reducing the risk of atherothrombosis and its side effect of bleeding can be explained by the fact that TXA2 is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation ( Patrono, 2015;Petrucci et al., 2022 ). Controversial reco mmendations made by European and US guidelines re flect the uncertainty over the relative benefits and risks of using aspirin for the primary prevention of CVD. Our study comes with a number of limitations. First, the usage of aspirin use was recorded only based a one-time questionnaire, whichmay lead to recall bias and inaccurate estimate of dose intensity. Second, although it is based on the fact that preventive drugs are generally taken regularly for a long time, the NHANES preventive aspirin use questionnaire did not collect participants ’drug duration, which should be taken into account when interpreting the results. Third,there is a lack of data on the incidence of CVD or bleeding events duringfollow-up because this analysis lin ked NHANES with death records of NDI Fourth, the observational study design makes it impossible toestablish a causal link between aspirin use and risk of death. In conclusion, using low-dose as pirin has no effect on the risk of death from any causes, whereas taking high dosage of aspirin useincreases the risk of CVD death, especially for those aged 60 years andolder.Data availability statement The raw data supporting the conclusion of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. Ethics statement The studies involving human pa rticipants were reviewed and approved by The US National Center for Health Statistics(NCHS) institutional review boa rd. The patients/participants provided their written informed c onsent to participate in this study. Author contributions LZ and GL contributed to the study conception and design. LZ and YC contributed to the material preparation, datacollection and analysis. The first draft of the manuscript was written by LZ, YC, and FC. JL, HH, and GL contributed to thereview and editing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding This study was funded by Excellent Doctoral Program of Sichuan Provincial People ’s Hospital and it was partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81600259), Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (No. 2022NSFSC0817; No. 2023NSFSC0590; No. 2022NSFSC0811; No.2022NSFSC1589), and Sichuan Cadre Health Research Project (No.Chuanganyan ZH 2022-201). The design, analysis, and writing ofthis publication were all independent of the funding source. Acknowledgments We are grateful for the efforts and contributions made by all of the NHANES participants and staff. Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential con flict of interest. Publisher ’s note All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their af filiated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, orclaim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed orendorsed by the publisher. Frontiers in Pharmacology frontiersin.org 08Chen et al. 10.3389/fphar.2023.1099810" 543 W2017988284.pdf 9 "Ontologias e taxonomias: diferenças Luciane Paula Vital; Lígia Maria Arruda Café Perspectivas em Ciência da Informação, v.16, n.2, p .115-130, abr./jun. 2011 124 hierárquica. No entanto, em um ambiente corporativo isso não é possível nem desejável” (WOODS, 2004, p. 3) 5. Um documento pode ser de interesse de vários departamentos dentro da organiz ação, com implicações e objetivos diferentes e precisa estar representado dentro desses diversos interesses. Outros tipos de relação entre conceitos como as de funcionalidade também são importantes. A relação funcional é aquel a em que, segundo Dahlberg (1978a, p. 105) “Pode-se conhecer o caráte r semântico [...] tendo por base as chamadas valências semânticas dos verbos [...]”. Valência semântica é caracterizada como “a soma dos lugares a serem preenchidos de acordo com a ligação deste conceito com outros” (DALHBERG, 1978a, p. 105). As relações entre os con ceitos também podem ser intensionais, redes de conceitos, usadas tanto nas ontologias quanto nas taxonomias. Sendo que, nas taxonomias co rporativas, segundo Woods (2004) as relações necessitam ser fle xíveis, pragmáticas assim como coerentes. De acordo com Holgate (2004), há quatro formas de s e construir uma taxonomia: a) adquirir uma taxonomia pré-definida; b) construir manualmente uma taxonomia; c) construir automaticamente uma taxonomia; e d) uma combinação de automática e manual (híbrida). Holgate (2004) afirma que a forma mais adequada dep ende de alguns critérios que variam em cada organização, co mo: a) o problema que a taxonomia está tendo que respon der; b) o tipo e o alcance da informação corporativa; c) o volume do conteúdo; e d) a disponibilidade dos especialistas da área para estarem desenvolvendo a taxonomia. Woods (2004) explica que, em ambientes organizacion ais, as taxonomias precisam: a) fazer parte de um processo de gestão do conhecim ento mais amplo; b) estar relacionadas com arquiteturas de administr ação da informação, como portais, datawarehousing, etc; e c) estar relacionadas a um ambiente de informações integrado, procurando entender o fluxo de informação e semânti co da organização. Na construção de taxonomias, alguns critérios devem ser observados: a)Comunicabilidade: termos utilizados devem transpa recer os conceitos carregados de acordo com a linguagem util izada 5 “A classical taxonomy assumes that each element can only belong to one branch of the hierarquical tree. However, in a corporate environm ent, such formal ordering is neither feasible nor desirable” (WOODS, 2004, p. 3)." 544 W2466046010.pdf 9 "67 Estudos de Psicologia, 21(1), janeiro a março de 2016, 58-68Regulação emocional, bem-estar psicológico e bem-estar subjetivoHolland, K. D., & Holahan, C. K. (2003). The relation of social support and coping to positive adaptation to breast cancer. Psychology and Health , 18(1), 15-29. doi: 10.1080/0887044031000080656 Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struc - tural Equation Modeling , 6, 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118 Keyes, C. L. 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Emotion , 11(4), 807-815. doi: 10.1037/a0022010 McMahan, E. A., & Estes, D. (2011). Measuring lay conceptions of well-being: the beliefs about well-being scale. Journal of Happiness Studies , 12(2), 267-287. doi: 10.1007/s10902-010-9194-x McMahan, E.A., & Renken, M. D. (2011) Eudaimonic conceptions of well-being, meaning in life, and self-reported well-being: Initial test of a mediational model. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(5), 589-594. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.05.020 Mendonça, H., Ferreira, M. C., Porto, J., & Zanini, D. S. (2012). Saúde, qualidade de vida e bem-estar: limites e interfaces teórico-metodo - lógicas. In Saúde e bem-estar no trabalho: dimensões individuais e culturais (pp. 11-34). São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo. Nelis, D., Quoidbach, J., Hansenne, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2011). Measuring individual differences in emotion regulation: The emotion regulation profile-revised (ERP-R). Psychologica Belgica, 51 , 49-91. doi: 10.5334/pb-51-1-49Nyklíček, I., Denollet, J., & Vingerhoets, A. (2011) Emotion regulation: Conceptual an clinical issues. Nova Iorque: Springer. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F . (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers , 36(4), 717-731. doi:10.3758/BF03206553 Queroz, N. C., & Neri, A. L (2005). Bem-estar psicológico e inteligência emocional entre homens e mulheres na meia idade e na velhice . Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 18 (2), 292-299. doi: 10.1590/S0102- 79722005000200018 Quoidbach, J., & Hansenne, M. (2009). The impact of trait emotional intelligence on nursing team performance and cohesiveness. Journal of Professional Nursing , 25(1), 23-29. doi: 10.1016/j.prof - nurs.2007.12.002 Quoidbach, J., Berry, E. V ., Hansenne, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2010). Positive emotion regulation and well-being: comparing the impact of eight savoring and dampening strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 49 (5), 368-373. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.048 Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: a review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. An- nual Review of Psychology, 52 , 141-166. doi: 10.1146/annurev. psych.52.1.141 Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and So - cial Psychology, 57 , 1069-1081. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. (1995). The structure of psychological well- being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69 (4), 719-727. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719 Ryff, C. D., & Singer B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: a eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies , 9, 13-39. doi: 10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 Ryff, C. D., Keyes, C. L. M., & Hughes, D. L. (2003). Status Inequalities, perceived discrimination, and eudaimonic well-being: do the chal - lenges of minority life hone purpose and growth? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44 (3),275-291. Recuperado de http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/S0103-166X2012000400013 Segrin, C.; & T aylor, M. (2007). Positive interpersonal relationships mediate the association between social skills and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 4 , 637-646. Siqueira, M. M. M., & Padovam, V . A. R (2008). Bases teóricas de bem - -estar subjetivo, bem-estar psicológico e bem-estar no trabalho. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 24 (2), 201-209. doi: 10.1590/S0102- 37722008000200010. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In Leinhardt, S. (Org.), Sociological Methodology (pp. 290-312). Washington DC: American Sociologi - cal Association. Tamir, M. (2011). The maturing field of emotion regulation. Emotion Review, 3, 3-7. doi: 10.1177/1754073910388685 T amir, M., Mitchell, C., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Hedonic and instrumental motives in anger regulation. Psychological Science , 19, 324-328. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02088.x Warr, P . (2007). Work, happiness, and unhappiness . Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc." 545 W4238997778.pdf 0 "6 Óêðà¿íñüêèй íåйðîõ³ðóðã³чíèй æóðíàë, ¹3, 2008 МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я УКР АЇНИ Н А К А З 13.06.2008 м. Київ № 317 Про затвердження клінічних протоколів надання медичної допомоги за спеціальністю «Нейрохірургія» На виконання доручення Прем’єр-міністра України від 12.03.2003 №14494 до доручення Президента України від 06.03.2003 №1-1/252 щодо прискорення розроблення і запровад - ження протоколів лікування НАКАЗУЮ: 1. Затвердити клінічні протоколи надання медичної допомоги за спеціальністю «Ней - рохірургія»: 1.1. Клінічний протокол надання медичної допомоги хворим із абсцесом головного мозку (додається). 1.2. Клінічний протокол надання медичної допомоги хворим із гідроцефалією (додається). 1.3. Клінічний протокол надання медичної допомоги хворим із невралгією трійчастого, язикоглоточного нервів, гемілицевим спазмом, синдромом Меньєра, есенціальною парок - сизмальною артеріальною гіпертензією (додається). 1.4. Клінічний протокол надання медичної допомоги хворим із відкритими пошкоджен - нями хребта та спинного мозку (додається). 1.5. Клінічний протокол надання медичної допомоги хворим із інфекційно-запальними ускладненнями при травмі хребта та спинного мозку (додається). 1.6. Клінічний протокол надання медичної допомоги хворим із травматичними ушкод - женнями краніовертебральної ділянки (додається). 1.7. Клінічний протокол надання медичної допомоги хворим із травмою шийного від - ділу хребта та спинного мозку (додається). 1.8. Клінічний протокол надання медичної допомоги хворим із з травмою грудного та поперекового відділів хребта та спинного мозку (додається). 1.9. Клінічний протокол надання медичної допомоги хворим із з інфекційно-запальними процесами хребта та спинного мозку (додається). 1.10. Клінічний протокол надання медичної допомоги хворим із з дискогенними нейро - компресійними синдромами поперекового відділу хребта (додається). 1.11. Клінічний протокол надання медичної допомоги хворим із з дискогенними нейро - компресійними синдромами шийного відділу хребта (додається). 1.12. Клінічний протокол надання медичної допомоги хворим із з нестабільністю хребта дегенеративно-дистрофічного ґенезу (спондилолістезом, сподилолізом хребта) із невроло - гічними проявами (додається). " 546 W1771910653.pdf 1 " approach to voltage control in a distribution system by taking in to account of number of DG systems and capacitors under various condition has been presented. Besides offering environmental benefits, integration of modular generating units to distribution network may bring other significant benefits such as increased reliability, loss reduction, load management and also the possibility of delaying the adjustment of transmission and distribution networks [1, 4, 5]. In order to achieve these benefits with large penetration of DG source in existing utility network, several technical problems are to be fronted. Some of the technical issues must be considered for successful introduction of DG systems are steady state voltage regulation, increased system fault level, islanding operation, degradation of power quality and reliability, protection and stability of the network [2 ]. These issues are further complicated by the type of interface used for DG system to interconnect it to the grid [3]. One of the major concern is the rise in steady state voltage level of distribution system. II. S TEADY STATE VOLTAGE RISE When the generator is connected to the radial feeder, its active power export reduces the power flow from the primary substation. This causes reduction in the voltage drop along the feeder. If the generator’s power export is larger than the feeder load, power flows from the generator to the primary substation and this causes a voltage rise along the feeder. Typically, worst case scenarios are: a) no generation and maximum system demand, b) maximum generation and maximum system demand, c) maximum generation and minimum system demand. In the context of voltage rise effect, minimum load and maximum generation conditions are usually critical for the amount of generation that can be connected [4]. However, it may also be necessary to consider maximum load and maximum generation conditions for studying voltage rise problem [5]. Load DGFeeder line SubstationjX R Z+ =RIgV sVL LjQ P+ gP gQUtility network RS (a) IRX IR Vs Vg IRR δφ (b) Fig. 1 (a). Utility network with wind DG system (b) phasor diagram Fig.1 (a) and Fig.1 (b) are illustrates the connection of distributed generator to the distribution network [9]. The active and reactive powers of the generator are gP and gQ respectively. LP and LQrepresent the active and reactive power of the load connected to the distribution system. RI is the net current through the line impedance, jX R Z+ = and RSis the net power injected to network. The substation voltage and connection point voltage are sV and gVrespectively. ) ( ) (L L g g R R RjQ P jQ P jQ P S+ − + = + = (1) * */ ) ( ,g R R R R g rV jQ P I I V S − = = (2) */ ) ( ) (g R R s R s gV jQ P jX R V Z I V V − + + = + = =* */ ) ( / ) (g R R g R R sV R Q X P j V XQ R P V − + + + (3) Considering the phasor diagram in Fig. 1(b) s R R gV R Q X P V/ ) ( sin − =δ (4) Since the voltage angle δis very small, the term ∗−g R RV R Q X P/ ) ( is also very small and can be neglected. Magnitude of voltage rise VΔis approximately given by [14] */ ) (g R RV XQ R P V + = Δ */ )) ( ) ((g L g L gV Q Q X R P P − + − = (5) The active power produced by embedded generators increase the voltage, whereas the reactive power can further increase or reduce it depending on the type of DG technology. The synchronous generator can generate or absorb reactive power, but the induction generator only consumes reactive power. These outcomes, in combination with the system’s X R/ ratio or distribution network characteristics and load profiles, determine whether the voltage level at the connection point is increasing by increasing the power production of DG or not. In general for a radial system the voltage level decreases along the feeder, from supply end to the end of the feeder ∑ = ++ + +− +− =n k kk k K k n VjQ P jX RV V 1 1*1 1 1 1) )( ( (6) In [6], the results of some generic studies explaining the voltage rise issue and how it may be overcome are presented. Several methods like reducing primary substation voltage and constraining the generator operation are discussed. Distribution networks are designed to keep the customer voltage constant within tolerance limit as dictated by statute and has always been a top priority. The range of voltage which must be met under a number of different standards does not exceed ±10%, with some standards being even tighter than this [7]. Q compensator AVCUtility network OLTC Load DG Feeder line jXR Z+ =sVgV L LjQ P+ gP gQ cQ Fig. 2 A simple system illustrati ng the options for voltage regulation A distributed generator, DG (gP,gQ ) together with a local load (LP, LQ ) and a reactive compensator (CQ )are connected to the distribution system through a distribution World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vol:5, No:2, 2011 194 International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 5(2) 2011 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/2944International Science Index, Electrical and Computer Engineering Vol:5, No:2, 2011 waset.org/Publication/2944" 547 W2886891486.pdf 4 "Table 1 Table of the comparative specimens consulted. Museum abbreviations are given in the institutional abbreviations section. Taxon Group Museum and specimen number Boa constrictor imperator Boidae AMNH R 155261, AMNH R 155257, AMNH R 77590, AMNH R 74737, AMNH R 57472 Boa constrictor Boidae AMNH R 57467, AMNH R 57476, AMNH R 131475, AMNH R 75478, AMNH R 141144, AMNH R 7204, AMNH R 75267, AMNH R 7118, MCN.D, 333, MCN.D 335, MCN.D 343, MCN.D 344, MCN.D 347, MCN.D 351 Corallus caninus Boidae AMNH R 57788, AMNH R 73347, AMNH R 57816, AMNH R 155265, AMNH R 169154, AMNH R 155260, AMNH R 73347, AMNH R 155264, AMNH R 139338, AMNH R 155263, AMNH R 57816 Crotallus durissus Viperidae AMNH 56455, AMNH 744442 Crotallus durissus terrificus Viperidae AMNH 77027 Clelia clelia Colubroidea AMNH 57797 Bothrops atrox Viperidae AMNH 29885 Bothrops bilineatus Viperidae AMNH R 140856 Corallus cf.C.caninus Boidae AMNH R 57804 Corallus annulatus Boidae AMNH R 114496 Corallus batesi Boidae UFMT-R 05362 Drymarchon corais couperi Colubroidea AMNH R 155299 Eunectes murinus Boidae AMNH 57474, MCN.D 306, MCN.D 316, MCN.D 319, MCN.D 342 Epicrates crassus Boidae MCN-PV DR 0003 Epicrates striatus Boidae AMNH R 140542 Epicrates striatus striatus Boidae AMNH R 155262 Epicrates striatus strigilatus Boidae AMNH 155259, AMNH R 70263, AMNH R 155259 Epicrates striatus fosteri Boidae AMNH R 77633, AMNH R 77057 Corallus cropanii Boidae AMNH R 92997 Corallus hortulanus cookii Boidae AMNH R 141098, AMNH R 74832, AMNH R 7812, AMNH R 75740, AMNH R 57809 Corallus hortulanus Boidae AMNH 104528, AMNH R 57786, MCN-PV DR 0001, UFMT 02389, UFMT 02398 Chironius carinatus Colubroidea AMNH 82841 Dipsas indica Colubroidea AMNH 53780 Drymoluber dichrous Colubroidea AMNH 55847 Dendrophidian nucale Colubroidea AMNH 138461 Erythrolamprus mimus micrurus Colubroidea AMNH 109828 Erythrolamprus bizona Colubroidea AMNH 90018 Epicrates angulifer Boidae AMNH R 77596, AMNH R 114497 Epicrates cenchria Boidae AMNH R 114716, AMNH R 57473, AMNH R 71153, AMNH R 75796, AMNH R 75795, MCN-PV DR 0002 Epicrates inornatus Boidae AMNH 70023 Helicops angulatus Colubroidea AMNH R 139137, AMNH R 155310, AMNH R 56031 Hydrodynastes bicinctus Colubroidea AMNH 60822 (continued on next page ) Onary et al. (2018), PeerJ , DOI 10.7717/peerj.5402 5/32" 548 W4386425796.pdf 1 "950 COPULA-BASED NONPARAMETRIC TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE introduced a generalized entropy and divergence measure that naturally extend the KL divergence. Tsallis entropy was firstly described by Havrda and Charvat [15] and unearthed by Tsallis [42]. Generalizations of Shannon’s entropy have attracted the attention of many researchers. For recent properties of these generalization measures, we refer to [17, 19, 22, 23, 24, 33, 14, 40]. Also, Tsallis entropy extensions have been performed by some researchers, among which we can mention [41, 20, 21]. Some of these measures can be considered as a statistic for the independence test. Ma and Sun [27] introduced the concept of copula entropy by combining the KL divergence and the copula density. They demonstrated that the KL divergence is equal to the negative of copula entropy. The copula entropy was considered as a measure of multivariate association by Blumentritt and Schmid [4]. In this paper, we provide R´enyi and Tsallis divergence measures based on copula density together with their basic properties. We use these measures to perform two nonparametric tests the independence. These tests are simple to implement and reduce the complexity because they depend only on the copula density. Also, the copula-based R ´enyi and Tsallis divergence measure independence tests provide a bigger power compared to the empirical copula-based test in weak dependency. The rest of the paper is arranged as follows. In Section 2, the copula-based R ´enyi and Tsallis divergence measures together with their basic properties are provided. Estimators of the copula-based R ´enyi and Tsallis divergence measures are considered as test statistics for testing independence, and their consistency is established in Section 3. In Section 4, the simulation results are provided to compare the empirical power of independence tests. Finally, an application of new methods in hydrology is presented in Section 5. 2. Copula-based R ´enyi and Tsallis divergence measures The KL divergence between two density functions f1andf2is defined as KL(f1, f2) =Z∞ −∞f1(x) logf1(x) f2(x)dx, α > 0, α̸= 1. This divergence is nonnegative, and KL(f1, f2) = 0 if and only if f1(x) =f2(x). The R ´enyi divergence (or relative R´enyi entropy) of order αbetween two density functions f1andf2is defined as Rα(f1∥f2) =1 α−1logZ Rfα 1(x)f1−α 2(x)dx, α > 0, α̸= 1, (1) and the Tsallis divergence of order αis defined as Tα(f1∥f2) =1 α−1Z Rfα 1(x)f1−α 2(x)dx−1 , α > 0, α̸= 1. (2) The larger αvalues give the R ´enyi and Tsallis divergence measures dominated by the greatest ratio between the two functions. One of the interesting special cases of the R ´enyi and Tsallis divergence measures occurs for α→1, which gives the KL divergence. We also get the well-known Bhattacharyya distance in the special case where α= 0.5for the R ´enyi divergence. On the other hand, it can be noted that the special case α= 0.5for the Tsallis divergence is equal to the double Hellinger distance between probability distributions. The R ´enyi and Tsallis divergence measures between a joint density function and the product of its corresponding marginal density functions can be rewritten in terms of the copula density function. The copula function suggested by Sklar [38] has been implemented in a broad spectrum of scientific fields such as hydrology and finance. Let random variables XandYfollow arbitrary marginal cumulative distribution functions FXandFY, respectively. Then there is a copula function Cthat combines these marginal distribution functions to give the joint distribution function FasF(x, y) =C(FX(x), FY(y);θ), where (x, y)∈R2andθis a copula parameter. Recently, semiparametric methods for the estimation of copula parameter based on minimum Alpha-Divergence are presented in [31], which perform well in small sample size and weak dependency. If Cis an absolutely Stat., Optim. Inf. Comput. V ol. 11, September 2023" 549 W2965401189.pdf 4 "241 Revista Brasileira de História, vol. 39, no 81 • pp. 237-241Memória REFERÊNCIAS HESPANHA, António Manuel. A constituição do império português. Revisão de al- guns enviesamentos correntes. In: FRAGOSO, João; GOUVÊA, Maria de Fátima Silva; BICALHO, Maria Fernanda (org.). O Antigo Regime nos Trópicos: a dinâmica imperial portuguesa (séculos XVI-XVIII). Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2001. p. 165-188. HESPANHA, António Manuel. Por que é que foi ‘portuguesa’ a expansão portuguesa? ou o revisionismo nos trópicos. In: SOUZA, Laura de Mello e; FURTADO, Júnia Ferreira; BICALHO, Maria Fernanda (org.). O governo dos povos. São Paulo: Ala-meda, 2009. p. 39-62. HESPANHA, António Manuel. As Vésperas do Leviathan: instituições e poder político. Portugal – séc. XVII. Coimbra: Almedina, 1994. SCHWARTZ, Stuart B. Burocracia e sociedade no Brasil colonial: o Tribunal Superior da Bahia e seus desembargadores, 1609-1751. [1979]. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2011. WEHLING, Arno; WEHLING, Maria José. Direito e justiça no Brasil colonial: o Tri- bunal da Relação do Rio de Janeiro (1751-1808). Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2004. Texto recebido em 5 de julho de 2019. Aprovado em 9 de julho de 2019." 550 W4366212695.pdf 1 "Microorganisms 2023 ,11, 1048 2 of 3 assays used worldwide for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis reinforces the need to optimize and constantly update these assays according to SARS-CoV-2 genetic evolution and the future emergence of novel variants [ 16]. In this context, the omicron variant has been highly contagious worldwide, although the severity of the disease has been milder, with a less lethal course for patients. Recent diagnostic strategies have been adopted to either detect viral antigens, i.e., antigen-based immunoassays or human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, i.e., antibody-based immunoassays, in nasal or oropharyngeal swabs, as well as in blood or saliva samples, even using SARS-CoV-2 serologic methods [ 8,17]. An aspect that has been uncovered only partially, but may soon be the subject of in-depth studies, concerns the dosage of mucosal secretory IgA, especially at the ocular level. The role of mucosal IgA in counteracting SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly at this site of virus entry, appears to be promising [ 18]. Ultimately, innovative tests such as MqSOFA and NEWS-2 were applied to assess intra-hospital mortality (IHM) and 30-day COVID-19 mortality. MqSOFA, although not able to predict treatment, is easier to use than NEWS-2, especially in the emergency setting and when appropriate [5,6]. There are still many uncertainties regarding knowledge of the virus and disease: are asymptomatic people actually infectious and with what charge? Can swabs alone be considered effective? How long will the vaccine be able to protect us? Why are people infected with SARS-CoV-2 not protected against a second infection? Will the immune shield acquired by the most vaccinated countries be sufficient to protect us from possible variations generated by poorly vaccinated countries? Nor do we know whether individuals who have developed severe symptoms of COVID-19 develop more neutralizing antibodies and thus greater protection against reinfection. Precisely in the case of coronavirus, protection may be short-lived, as several authors have suggested. However, it is also true that high levels of antibodies to pre-existing coronaviruses are associated with mild disease, suggesting that their measurement could be useful in predicting disease severity [ 3]. Epigenetics can help us answer some questions. Epigenetic disturbances in both the host and viruses are a matter of great interest in revealing the disparities in mortality and pathology of COVID-19. In fact, several targets of epigenetic modification in the virus, as well as the host, have been identified, including m6A, ACE2 modifications, etc., which have been linked to various conditions in infected hosts and their pathology [ 3,19]. Finally, considering the emergence of new variants, especially from countries where there has not been much stratification of vaccination, how will the situation evolve in general? From the literature data, it appears that breakthrough infections can significantly enhance -S- and neutralizing antibody responses, indicating a possible benefit from booster vaccinations [ 9,10,20]. It is not excluded that many of these questions may be answered in the second edition (2023) of this Special Issue. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, C.C.; writing and original draft preparation, review and editing, C.C. and J.C.R., resources and software., B.P . and M.G.; visualization and supervision, M.G. and R.D.G.; project administration and funding acquisition C.C. and J.C.R. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was partially funded by FAR-2021 of the University of Ferrara. John Charles Rotondo is supported by the CHEST Foundation (USA) (ID:7580). It is a part of a Special Issue entitled “Advances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection” by Carlo Contini as Guest Editor. Acknowledgments: We are deeply thankful to all authors and reviewers who provided their contri- bution to this Special Issue. Conflicts of Interest: The editors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Contini, C.; Di Nuzzo, M.; Barp, N.; Bonazza, A.; De Giorgio, R.; Tognon, M.; Rubino, S. The novel zoonotic COVID-19 pandemic: An expected global health concern. J. Infect Dev. Ctries. 2020 ,14, 254–264. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 2. Available online: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (accessed on 29 March 2023)." 551 W1549996419.pdf 17 " Esophageal Speech Enhancement Using a Feature Extr action Method Based on Wavelet Transform 213 The behavior of proposed feature extraction method was compared with the performance of several other wavelet functions for evaluation purposes. Comparison results are shown in Table 4 which show that proposed method has better performance than other wavelet based feature extraction methods. Proposed method Daub 4 wavelet Haar waveletMexican hat wavelet Morlet wavelet Recognition rate 95% 75% 40% 79% 89% Table 4. Performance of different wavelet based feature enhanced methods when an ANN is used as identification method. 4. Conclusions This chapter proposed an alaryngeal speech re storation system, suitable for esophageal and ALT produced speech, based on a pattern reco gnition approach where the voiced segments are replaced by equivalent segments of norm al speech contained in a codebook. Evaluation results show a correct detection of voic ed segment by comparison between their spectrograms to those spectrograms of norm al speech signal. Objective and subjective evaluation results show that the proposed system provides a good improvement in the intelligibility and quality of esophageal produced speech signals. These results show that proposed system is an attractive alternative to enhance the alaryngeal speech signals. This chapter also presents a flexible structure that allows the us e of the proposed system to enhance esophageal and artificial laryinx produced speech signals without further modifications. The proposed system could be used to enhance alaryngeal speech in several practical situations such as te lephone and teleconference systems, thus improving the voice and quality life of alaryngeal people. Author details Alfredo Victor Mantilla Caeiros Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de Mexico, México Hector Manuel Pérez Meana Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México 5. References [1] H. K. Barney, H. L. Hawork , F. E., and Dunn, ( 1959), “An experimental transitorized artifcial larynx”,. Bell System Technical Journal, 38, 1337-1356.. [2] G. Aguilar, M. Nakano-Miyatake and H. Perez-Meana, (2005), Alaryngeal Speech Enhancement Using Pattern Recognition Techniques”, IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst. Vol. E88-D, No. 7, pp. 1618-1622." 552 W2124500521.pdf 19 " Matthyssens et al. Retroperitoneal liposarcoma 145. Blay JY, Casali P , Nieto A, Tanovic A, Le Cesne A. Efficacy and safety of trabectedin as an early treatment for advanced or metastatic liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. 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Induction of solid tumor differentiation by the peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-gamma ligand troglitazone in patients with liposarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1999) 96(7):3951–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3951 153. Debrock G, Vanhentenrijk V , Sciot R, Debiec-Rychter M, Oyen R, Van Oost- erom A. A phase II trial with rosiglitazone in liposarcoma patients. Br J Cancer (2003) 89(8):1409–12. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601306 154. Pishvaian MJ, Marshall JL, Wagner AJ, Hwang JJ, Malik S, Cotarla I, et al. A phase 1 study of efatutazone, an oral peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, administered to patients with advanced malignancies. Cancer (2012) 118(21):5403–13. doi:10.1002/cncr.27526 155. Guan M, Fousek K, Jiang C, Guo S, Synold T, Xi B, et al. Nelfinavir induces liposarcoma apoptosis through inhibition of regulated intramembrane pro-teolysis of SREBP-1 and ATF6. Clin Cancer Res (2011) 17(7):1796–806. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-3216 156. Pan J, Mott M, Xi B, Hepner E, Guan M, Fousek K, et al. Phase I study of nelfinavir in liposarcoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol (2012) 70(6):791–9. doi:10.1007/s00280-012-1961-4 157. Mahmood ST, Agresta S, Vigil CE, Zhao X, Han G, D’Amato G, et al. Phase II study of sunitinib malate, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor in patients with relapsed or refractory soft tissue sarcomas. Focus on three prevalent his- tologies: leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Int J Cancer (2011) 129(8):1963–9. doi:10.1002/ijc.25843 158. Cassier PA, Lefranc A, Amela EY, Chevreau C, Bui BN, Lecesne A, et al. A phase II trial of panobinostat in patients with advanced pretreated soft tissue sarcoma. A study from the French Sarcoma Group. Br J Cancer (2013) 109(4):909–14. doi:10.1038/bjc.2013.442 159. Sleijfer S, Ray-Coquard I, Papai Z, Le Cesne A, Scurr M, Schoffski P , et al. Pazopanib, a multikinase angiogenesis inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a phase II study from the Euro- pean organisation for research and treatment of cancer-soft tissue and bone sarcoma group (EORTC study 62043). J Clin Oncol (2009) 27(19):3126–32. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.21.3223 160. von Mehren M, Rankin C, Goldblum JR, Demetri GD, Bramwell V , Ryan CW, et al. Phase 2 Southwest Oncology Group-directed intergroup trial (S0505) of sorafenib in advanced soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer (2012) 118(3):770–6. doi:10.1002/cncr.26334 Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Received: 30 October 2014; accepted: 28 January 2015; published online: 10 February 2015. Citation: Matthyssens LE, Creytens D and Ceelen WP (2015) Retroperitoneal liposarcoma: current insights in diagnosis and treatment. Front. Surg. 2:4. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2015.00004 This article was submitted to Surgical Oncology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Surgery. Copyright © 2015 Matthyssens, Creytens and Ceelen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Frontiers in Surgery | Surgical Oncology February 2015 | Volume 2 | Article 4 | 20" 553 W1987601846.pdf 14 "18 D. Stokols, S. A. Shumaker and J. Martinez Fischer, C. S. and Stueve, C. A. (1977). 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Traffic congestion, Type-A behavior, and stress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 467-80. Stokols, D. and Shumaker, S. A. (1981). People in places: A transactional view of settings. " 554 W2968166477.pdf 1 "Molecules 2019 ,24, 2989 2 of 20 Recently, metabolomics combined with multivariate data analysis (MVA) has proven to be an ecient tool to predict bioactive constituents in NP research [ 3–7]. Metabolomics aims at providing comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of the whole set of metabolites (metabolome) present in a complex biological sample [ 8,9]. The most used analytical techniques in metabolomics are nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) [10]. Generally metabolite profiling of natural extracts is achieved via high resolution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), coupled to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS2), which provides molecular formula and fragmentation information on most NPs in extracts in an untargeted manner [ 11]. Unsupervised or supervised multivariate data analysis such as principal components analysis (PCA) or orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) are then needed to mine such data and highlight biomarkers. Alternative strategies have been developed to explore LC-HRMS2metabolite profiling datasets with the aim of highlighting structural similarities between analytes and e ciently identify new compounds with potential therapeutic interest. Molecular network analysis (MN) [ 12,13] is a computer-based approach allowing the organization of fragmentation spectra from MS-based metabolomics experiments in order to dereplicate and eventually prioritize natural products of interest [ 14–16]. MN is generated based on the similarities of fragmentation patterns and, thus, indirectly allows the grouping of analytes with closely related structures. Networks can be built using the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform [17] or software such as Metgem or MS-Dial [18,19]. Bacopa is a genus of aquatic plants belonging to the Plantaginaceae family. Three species occur in Thailand: B. monnieri ,B. caroliniana and B. floribunda [20]. Among them, only B. monnieri (Brahmi) has been reported as a herbal medicine in Ayurvedic medicine for learning and memory improvement [ 21]. The safety and e cacy of Brahmi extracts in animal models [ 22,23] and in clinical trials [ 24–28] have been proven and support its traditional uses. Intake of Brahmi has been reported to exert undesirable e ects on the gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea, increased stool frequency and abdominal cramps [ 25,29], which might be explained by a cholinergic e ect [30]. In addition, severe liver toxicity has been detected in women taking Brahmi products for vitiligo disease. Nevertheless, their liver function returned to normal after discontinuation of products’ usage [ 31]. Other reports however indicated that Brahmi possessed hepatoprotective activity [ 32,33]. Notwithstanding such adverse e ects and considering the positive e ects of the plant in relation with cognition improvements, further investigations are still worth to identify bioactive principles. The compounds responsible for the memory enhancing e ects of Brahmi have been reported to be triterpenoid saponins i.e., bacoside A 3, bacopaside I, bacopaside II, bacopasaponin C and bacopaside X [34,35]. They are considered as markers of Brahmi [ 36–41], and their level is assessed for quality control purposes. Usually, the level of plant specialized metabolites is highly variable according to environmental factors. In Brahmi, the levels of such markers were found to vary significantly depending on the part of used (leaves, stems, shoots etc.), collection area and season [42–45]. Moreover, this plant also contains other classes of NPs such as sterols [ 46], flavonoids [ 47] and phenylethanoids [ 48,49] that may play roles in the pharmacological activities of the plant. It has also been reported that part of the neuroprotective e ects of Brahmi appeared to result from its antioxidant activities that suppress neuronal oxidative stress. Brahmi has been found to inhibit the lipid peroxidation reaction of brain homogenate in a dose-dependent manner [50]. In this study, we aimed at searching for compounds that could be involved in the memory improvement activity of Brahmi through lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. In addition, the anti-lipid peroxidation activity of two other Bacopa species has been investigated. To achieve these goals, a metabolomic strategy combining multivariate data analysis (MVA) and bioactivity informed molecular maps [ 14] was used as a guide to highlight bioactive constituents early in the phytochemical study process and directly target their isolation." 555 W2338248104.pdf 2 "International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.6, No.1/2, March 2016 271 Scenario Trust Multi-Domain TOrBAC TCC-P MTB-AC and risk Confidentiality Very Increase Increase Good Increase good Integrity Increase Increase Very good Increase Very good Trust Increase Increase Very good Increase Very good Risk Yes No No Yes No Table 1.Comparision on Different Model 5. MTBAC A term “Mutual Trust” means a reliable interaction among user and cloud service node with considering their behavior and trust. Access control is an important measure to ensure the security of cloud. It is a policy or procedure that allows, denies or restricts access to a system. Access control may also identify user attempting to access the system unauthorized. Figure1. Mutual trust structure The Algorithm of MTBAC:  User request valid or not checked by AAC   AAC checks the user’s behavior   Read the users request and assign cloud node to handle the request in queue   Select the best service node in the node queue and give the service access right to user   Service provide to the user and updates users trust degree " 556 W2070090707.pdf 5 "122(31) reported an increase in sway amplitude, together with increased muscular co-contraction, especially when per - forming dual tasks. Kang et al. (31) further suggested that increased co-contractions slow and hamper the ability to generate the corrective reactions to environmental pertur - bations (slips and trips) leading to falls. This could worsen with a feeling of insecurity and/or post fall anxiety, known to affect especially older fallers (38). The feeling of insecu - rity could increase muscle activity, reported by Kang et al. (31) as co-contraction and worsen already slowed postural reaction to perturbations, having an overall destabilizing ef - fect for which the body systems cannot (due to age-related changes) compensate. For all the above reasons we support the idea that BSV increases, reported also in our findings, represent a substantial danger to the overall postural stability and that BS velocity, once extracted from platform stabilom - etry measurements, and might further serve as an indicator of progressive age-related changes in physical functioning. This further leads us to reflect on how to account for BSV age-related changes when designing a corrective ther - apy. From the literature we know that corrective therapy usually focuses on BSD by encouraging yoga, Pilates, mus - cle strengthening and more recently balance training (24); and the focus on BSD might be the reason why such correc - tive therapies were not evaluated as very effective. Based on our results we would suggest evaluations targeting rather BSV when measuring effects of intervention/exercise. Due to age-related changes in BSV , reflecting to a greater extent changes in nerve conduction velocity and accuracy, as discussed above, we may need a different exercise. Several authors (V ojta, Vele) have suggested this exercise focus - ing more on joint flexibility and muscle synergies, while stimulating inborn locomotor patterns (39, 40). These were described by V ojta, Vele, Panjabi (39–41) and linked with correct breathing patterns (39). Such exercising could have rather a ‘stimulating and reassuring’ effect that might help to compensate for stiffness induced co-contractions and support the ability to generate corrective reactions to envi - ronmental perturbations, especially in fallers. Interventions targeting joint flexibility and muscle strengthening were recently introduced by Mazzeo et al. (42), but without en - couraging findings, Mazzeo (42) focused on root joints only. When spine flexibility and strengthening exercising were added, Danneels et al. (43) and Hides et al. (44), combining stabilization training together with dynamic static resistance, reported more encouraging findings. In addition better spine flexibility was found to improve functional reach, decrease functional limitations and improve balance control in the elderly (24, 45–47). To demonstrate better these mechanisms further research is needed. Finally we have also noted that BS velocity starts to change more steeply around the age of 80 (Fig. 4 Line chart). Our results have shown this trend in both tests of quiet stand - ing. Results from more difficult tests show an even steeper increase in BS velocity from age of 80 onwards. However further research is also needed to find more general patterns. Limitations of the study Participants and Care Homes were not randomly chosen this might be a limiting factor in terms of the generalizability of our results. Also we would like to add that in this study we were comparing older adults with different levels of physical activity. We have tried to make both samples comparable as to their function, mobility and ability to complete the testing without help (see inclusion and exclusion criteria) but we are aware that there are still few limitations that need addressing. One limitation arises from different mean age of the groups. On one hand this has been addressed in methods in participants section (inclusion and exclusion criteria) and data analysis section (where for Ray Charts we have adjust - ed for age so both samples are in the same age range). On the other hand as one of the aims of this observational study was looking onto how PS indicators (BSV and BSD) change with increasing age we think that differences in mean age between he groups might not be that limiting after all. An - other limitation might be that even if we reduced the number of drugs being taken by 3, there still may be some drug interactions we are not aware of which of course is, to some extent, limiting results of this study. On the other hand there were few authors in the past (i.e. Stelmach) that argued for less tight exclusion criteria as it might be altering the picture of the elderly population. Another limitation might be that platform stabilometry as a method is not very sensitive to changes in motivation, moods or emotions, as these are difficult to assess in real time measurement. Also questionnaires assessing falls, dizziness, levels of PA and social activity in this study were used only to interpret results. Further research would be focused on using more precisely coded levels of social and physical activity and on exercising involving spine flexibility. Conclusions Postural stability (PS) has been assessed using five various indicators in two different groups of volunteers (a Third Age University group and a Residential Care Home group). Levels of usual physical and social activities were also assessed in all participants. PS in the Residential Care Home group was significantly worse than the results of the Third Age University group. This difference, we suggest, can be attributed not only to age-related changes but also to reduced physical and social activity in the Care Home group. This study has shown that it is beneficial to divide PS indicators into BS deviation and BS velocity and ob - serve age-related changes affecting BS Deviation (BSD) and BS Velocity (BSV) in different ways. Our results indicate that the age-dependent indicator is BSV rather than BSD, and that BSV contributes to overall PS more than BSD, which is in agreement with previous studies. Therefore we suggest that BSV needs to be accounted for when designing the physical activity to prevent falls in the elderly." 557 W3119612974.pdf 3 "IJASOS - International E -Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, Vol. VII, Issue 19, April 2021 http://ijasos.ocerintjournals.org 123 Since the problem is static, we introduce a spatial coordinate system, combining its beginning with the point , and compose 6 static equilibrium equations: ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ This problem can be considered only using the definitions and concepts of theoretical mechanics, applying the concepts o f higher mathematics, but in case of interdisciplinary interaction, it is more preferable to implement previously studied concepts of higher mathem atics. P ractical working experience with students shows that this approach is more effective. Mathematical part of the problem: it is necessary to determine the coordinates of the points of application of vectors and their projections on the coordinate axis. At point forces ⃗ and ⃗ . At point forces ⃗ and ⃗ . At point force s ⃗ . It is not difficult to make up the first three equations of statics – just add up the corresponding projections of forces: Students have much more difficulties with equations of moments of forces relative to coordinate axes. Here higher mathematics comes to the rescue – we apply the mechanical meaning of the vector [ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ] (the vector moment of force relative to the origin). Let’s create determina nts: ⃗⃗ ( ⃗ ) | ⃗ | ⃗⃗ ( ⃗ ) | ⃗ | ⃗⃗ ( ⃗ ) | ⃗ | ⃗⃗ ( ⃗ ) | ⃗ | ⃗⃗ ( ⃗ ) | ⃗ | By revealing the determinants according to the first line and correlating the obtained minors, we can write the remaining three equations, taking into account that t he obtained coefficients for unit vectors are projections of the vector moment on the coordinate axis: The last equation is transformed into a valid identity. From the geometric relations, we get: . Let's put all the equations into a system: { { " 558 W4317721949.pdf 5 "89 The target sample size was calculated according to the recommendation of 5 –10 observed values 90 per studied variable19. In this study, there were 14 variables, and the expected sample size was 91 140 (14 × 10). The study was conducted with the approval of the Ethics Committee of Southern 92 Medical University (Ref ID: NFYKDX002). 93 Patient and public involvement 94 The participants and the general public were not involved in the design, recruitment, and 95 conduction of this study. 96 Calculation of anxiety scores 97 The Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7)—a valid self- 98 reported psychometric scale—was used to measure individuals’ anxiety levels in the past two 99 weeks during COVID-19. The questionnaire comprised seven items using a 4-point Likert scale 100 ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day), with a total score between 0–2120 21. The 101 levels of anxiety were classified as follows: normal (0–5), mild (5–9), moderate (10–14), and 102 severe (15–21)22. In a previous study23, a total score higher than 5 was deemed as anxiety. This 103 instrument has been widely used in China and also been confirmed to have good retesting 104 reliability and validity24 25. Similarly, in this study, the reliability was found to be very good 105 (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94). 106 Covariates for analysis 107 Socio-demographic variables in the analysis included sex, age, marital status, famil y registration, 108 educational attainment, occupational background, and annual family income. In addition, the 109 following health status data were collected and included: (1) good self-reported heal th (yes/no) PeerJ reviewing PDF | (2022:03:71827:4:0:NEW 13 Nov 2022) Manuscripttobereviewed" 559 W1995487684.pdf 1 "Publish with BioMed Central and every scientist can read your work free of charge ""BioMed Central will be the most significant development for disseminating the results of biomedical research in our lifetime."" Sir Paul Nurse, Cancer Research UK Your research papers will be: available free of charge to the entire biomedical community peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance cited in PubMed and archived on PubMed Central yours — you keep the copyright Submit your manuscript here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/publishing_adv.aspBioMed centralBMC Pharmacology 2009, 9(Suppl 1):P19 http://www.biomed central.com/1471-2210/9/S1/P19 Page 2 of 2 (page number not for citation purposes)relative expression and 1.8 ± 0.4 TIMP1-relative expres- sion, p < 0.05). Conclusion The present study shows that in a model with hyperten- sion and impaired renal function 1) aortic hypertrophyand remodelling is significantly more severe in male gen- der and 2) enhancing NO/GMP signalling by Bay 41-8543 ameliorates aortic wall changes significantly and in ablood pressure-independent manner." 560 W2986596926.pdf 4 "Table 2.Baseline characte ristics oftheGraz cohortÐ Distribution overall and byVTE status. Variable Subject swith available data {%missin g}Overall Graz cohort (n=657)VTE during follow-up (n=34)NoVTE during follow-up (n=623)P* Demogr aphic character istics Age, years 657 {0.0%} 35.9 [29.2±43.0] 36.5 [27.7±40.1] 35.7 [29.2±43.1] 0.5 BMI, kg/m 634 {3.5%} 24.7 [22.8±27.2] 23.9 [21.8±26.3] 24.8 [22.9±27.4] 0.11 Family history ofTGCT** 463 {29.5%} 17(3.7%) 0(0.0%) 17(3.8%) 0.39 Smoker orEx-Smoker 555 {15.5%} 281 (50.6%) 11(50.0%) 270 (50.7%) 0.95 Karnofsky Index<100% 647 {1.5%} 66(10.2%) 10(30.3%) 56(9.1%) <0.0001 Clinicopa thological variable s Non-Semin omatous histology648 {1.4%} 260 (40.1%) 22(66.7%) 238 (38.7%) 0.001 Clinical tumor stage 640 {2.6%} <0.0001 stage IA-IB 463 (72.3%) 10(2.2%) 453 (97.8%) stage IS 9(1.4%) 1(11.1%) 8(88.9%) stage IIA±IIC 98(15.3%) 8(8.2%) 90(91.8%) stage IIIA±IIIC 70(10.9%) 15(21.4%) 55(78.6%) RPLN(>5 cm) 652 {0.8%} 50(7.7%) 11(22.0%) 39(78.0%) <0.0001 IGCCCG riskstrati®cati on 180 {0.0%} 0.004 Good risk 137 (76.1%) 13(9.5%) 124 (90.5%) Intermediat erisk 19(10.6%) 7(36.8%) 12(63.2%) Poor risk 24(13.3%) 4(16.7%) 20(83.3) Chemothe rapy cycles 653 {0.6%} <0.0001 0cycles 367 (56.2%) 4(1.1%) 363 (98.9%) 1cycle 37(5.7%) 0(0.0%) 37(100%) 2cycles 91(13.9%) 6(6.6%) 85(93.4%) 3cycles 105 (16.1%) 10(9.5%) 95(90.5%) 4cycles 53(8.1%) 14(26.4%) 39(73.6%) Laborato ryparamete rs Hemoglob in,g/dL (13- 17.5)464 15.4 [14.7 1±16.2] 15.6 [14.6±16.1] 15.4 [14.7±16.2] 0.93 WBC, G/L(4.4±11.3) 461 7.7[6.2±9.5] 8.2[6.0±9.3] 7.7[6.2±9.5] 0.93 Platelet count, G/L(140± 440)461 231 [199±2 73] 226 [191±2 74] 232 [201±273] 0.59 CRP, mg/L (5) 427 1.8[1.0±7.7] 6.7[2.4±51.0] 1.8[1.0±6.3] 0.004 Fibrinoge n,mg/dL (210 ± 400)405 313 [250±4 25] 410 [324±6 53] 309 [249±418] 0.003 Tumor markers Preoperative AFP, ng/ mL(15)581 5.2[3.0±12.0] 14.0 [3.3±517.7] 5.0[3.0±10.1] 0.008 Preoperative betaHCG, mU/mL (5)592 5.0[2.0±11.2] 6.1[2.0±48.5] 5.0[2.0±9.4] 0.12 Preoperative LDH, U/L (120-240)474 216 [178±2 95] 343 [237±8 00] 212 [175±283] <0.0001 Khorana Score 586 0.002 Score =1 502 (85.7%) 20(4.0%) 482 (96.0%) Score =2 75(12.8%) 10(13.3%) 65(86.7%) Score =3 9(1.5%) 0(0.0%) 9(100%) Follow-up data Recurrence ofcancer 657 {0.0%} 63(9.6%) 10(29.4%) 53(8.5%) <0.0001 (Continue d) Testicular cancer andthromboem bolism PLOS ONE |https://doi.or g/10.137 1/journal.po ne.01762 83 April 21,2017 5/15" 561 W4385492667.pdf 9 "10 5.1. Analysis of the Metaverse is an Internet virtual world in the context of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2 This section emphasises the importance considering WCAG 2.2 compliance in the Metaverse context, because the Metaverse is an online virtual environment. The EU, UK, and US, have put in place legal frameworks to encourage accessibility and inclusivity, but WCAG 2.2 is especially relevant for accessibility and inclusiveness of disabled users and content creators . The Web Accessibility Directive (2016/2102) in the European Union outlines the accessibility criteria for websites and mobile applications in the pu blic sector. It encourages member states to implement accessibility measures in various digital services, including virtual environments, and is compliant with WCAG 2.1 Level AA. Adherence to the WCAG recommendations, especially version 2.2, would show the EU's commitment to accessibility. The Equality Act 2010 in the UK prohibits discrimination based on a person's disability and mandates that service providers make reasonable modifications to guarantee equal access. The WCAG 2.1 Level AA standard for acces sibility has been embraced by the UK government as well. It would be easier to fulfil legal requirements and improve accessibility for impaired users and content providers in the Metaverse by ensuring compliance with WCAG 2.2. The Americans with Disabiliti es Act (ADA) of 1990, which mandates reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities, is applicable to virtual platforms in the United States. Although there is no formal federal statute requiring WCAG compliance, the ADA's duties have been interpre ted in a number of court cases to include digital accessibility. The de facto norm is WCAG 2.0 Level AA, and adoption of the most recent version, WCAG 2.2, would show a commitment to accessibility and lessen the likelihood of legal issues. Integrating WCAG 2.2 compliance into the creation and continuing management of the Metaverse is essential for the legal requirements in the EU, UK, and US. It would guarantee that people with disabilities may fully engage in virtual experiences and give content producers the tools they need to create inclusive and accessible content. Additionally, adhering to these rules and recommendations supports an inclusive culture and equal chances for everyone, regardless of disability, in the quickly changing environment of modern information and communication technology. 6. Results We summarise the key findings in a new framework for supporting, enabling, and encouraging physically disabled creative and performing artists to participate and build creative communities based on shared values. The framework is targeted at configuring a Metaverse that can be accessible/usable/inclusive for people with disabilities —via the associated physical and cognitive technologies and devices. https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2023-mwg81 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-6857 Content not peer-reviewed by Cambridge University Press. License: CC BY 4.0" 562 W1592208007.pdf 7 "Galley Proof 26/03/2010; 15:11 File: ica336.tex; BOKCTP/wyn p. 8 8 I. Mart et al. / A multi-agent system for managing adverse weather situations on the road network Fig. 3. Example of the graphic interface. A segment of the Spanish A-3 road network from Madrid to Valencia is showed. Fig. 4. A part of the road network used to evaluate the MAS prototype. In this case, there are two local systems with one VMS and one MS, connected to the TCC. controlling two main roads. The system has been test- ed in several situations: a) in a coordinated way, where all local systems and the TCSs provide a generic solu- tion, b) one local system works autonomously and the rest works coordinately; and c) all local systems work autonomously.In order to run the simulations, data provided by me- teorological stations have been reproduced using real files. Furthermore, specific weather incidences were simulates to test new adverse conditions Figure 4 shows a part of the road network used to evaluate the MAS prototype. In this case, there are two" 563 W3158910355.pdf 7 "Cancers 2021 ,13, 2047 8 of 14 3.2. Impact of Implementation of SelectMDx Versus PSAD into the mpMRI Pathway to Select Patients Candidate for Prostate Biopsy The distribution of SelectMDx scores according to PI-RADS findings in mpMRI is reported in Figure 1b and compared to those for total PSA in Figure S1b. Interestingly, SelectMDx positivity increased from 30.3% for PI-RADS 1–2 cases, to 66.7% and 69.2% for PI-RADS 3 and 4–5 cases ( p< 0.01); additionally, total PSA values were differently distributed among PI-RADS score groups ( p< 0.01) (Figure 1b and Figure S1b). With regards to PI-RADS 3 lesions, 59.3% (32/54) showed PCa at biopsy, and 14 (25.9%) were csPCa; SelectMDx score was positive in 81.3% of PI-RADS score 3 associated with PCa diagnosis and positive in 45.4% of those negative for PCa at biopsy. In PI-RADS 4–5 lesions, SelectMDx score was positive in 88.9% of PCa cases, and in 25.0% of those with no PCa at biopsy. Cases with discordant tests were investigated to analyze the potential added value of implementing SelectMDx in the mpMRI diagnostic pathway. If we look at PI-RADS 1–2 cases, according to SelectMDx results, 30.3% (54/178) of patients would undergo biopsy with the detection of 16 (15.4%) PCa and 8 (12.9%) csPCa. Avoiding biopsy in patients with a PI-RADS score 4–5 and a negative SelecMDx test would result in 24 (30.8%) being spared biopsies within this category, while missing 6 (5.8%) PCa and 4 (6.5%) csPC. Regarding PI-RADS 3 cases, performing prostate biopsy only in those with a positive SelectMDx would result in 81.3% (26/32) of PCa detected, while avoiding biopsy in those with a negative SelectMDx would result in 18.8% (6/32) of PCa and 14.3% (2/14) of csPCa missed. Performing prostate biopsy in patients with a PI-RADS score 1–2 and PSAD 0.15, would result in 48/178 (27.0%) biopsies performed in this category, with the detection of 6 (5.8%) PCa and 4 (6.5%) csPC. Avoiding biopsy in patients with a PI-RADS score 4–5 and PSAD < 0.15, would result in 28 (35.9%) spared biopsies within this category, yet missing 14 (13.5%) PCa and 10 (16.1%) csPC. If we perform prostate biopsy among PI-RADS score 3 cases only in those with PSAD 0.15, this would result in the detection of 8/32 (25.0%) PCa and 4/14 (28.6%) csPCa, while avoiding biopsy in those with PSAD < 0.15 would miss 24/32 (75.5%) PCa and 10/14 (71.4%) csPCa diagnosed within this category. 3.3. Impact of Different Screening Strategies to Select Patients Candidate for Prostate Biopsy Several strategies of combining and sequencing SelectMDx and mpMRI have been simulated to investigate their impact in terms of number of avoided biopsies, missed PCa and csPCa (Table 3). Limiting biopsy to men with a positive SelectMDx would result in avoiding 53.5% (166/310) of biopsies, while missing 13.5% (14/104) of PCa and 12.9% (8/62) of csPCa; performing a biopsy only in those men with a positive mpMRI (PI-RADS 4–5) would avoid 74.8% (232/310) of biopsies and miss 48.1% (50/104) of PCa and 38.7% (24/62) of csPCa. Initial SelectMDx test followed by mpMRI if the test was positive and a subsequent biopsy if the mpMRI showed PI-RADS 4–5 findings, would result in 82.6% (256/310) of biopsies avoided, yet with 53.9% (116/104) of PCa and 45.2% (28/62) of csPCa missed. Initial mpMRI followed by biopsy for positive mpMRI cases (PI-RADS 4–5) and negative mpMRI cases (PI-RADS 1–3) (only if SelectMDx was positive), would result in avoiding 45.8% (142/310) of biopsies, while only missing 7.7% (8/104) of PCa and 6.5% (6/62) of csPCa." 564 W4280629697.pdf 5 "fpsyg-13-774165 May 16, 2022 Time: 14:24 # 6 Fareed et al. Human Resource Professionals Effectiveness Model were apprehended by interpreting the interview tapes (MP3) into the interview transcripts. As stated earlier, each interview acquired about forty to sixty, consequently, interpreting the interview tapes (MP3) into the interview transcriptions took more than 2 weeks and more than 50 pages. After interviews were transcribed, content analysis has been recognized as an appropriate technique for analyzing the interview transcripts. And identification of the key themes and dimensions has been assembled by the way of detaining and getting the relevant elements and concepts of each variable from each participant. Content analysis was carried out on two stages “first-order and second-order” (Gehman et al., 2017). The first stage acts upon single-interview transcripts for identification of the concepts and key terms (first-order codes), whereas the second (2nd) stage acts upon cross interview transcripts for the validation of the concepts (second-order themes), which, in-depth, analyzes the similarities and differences of the factors and elements. Once all the first- order codes and second-order themes and dimensions have been accumulated, then we have the foundation of building a data structure. This, perhaps, is the most essential step in the entire research approach because it shows the progression from raw data to first-order codes to second-order theoretical themes and dimensions, which is an important part of demonstrating rigor in qualitative research. First-order and second-order terminologies seem to become progressively predominant in recent years in the qualitative field research (Gehman et al., 2017). Content analysis was done manually, and inductive as well as deductive reasoning was applied to classify the factors and elements. Therefore, the mapping of findings was done through a combination of inductive and deductive approaches of content analysis. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Data were collected from HR executives of Telco firms (Mobilink, Telenor, Zong, Ufone and Warid) through semi-structured interviews. These Telco firms are the top firms in Pakistan as per their market shares and subscribers. They hold 99% of the market share in the Telco industry as per the PTA (2013–2012). The researchers interviewed two HR managers/executives, each from Telenor, Mobilink, and Zong, while three from Ufone and TABLE 1 | Demographic information of the participants. Participants Company Current PositionWorking ExperienceHighest Qualification 1 Telenor HR Executive 11 years MBA (HR) 2 Ufone HR Executive 5 years MBA (HR) 3 Zong HR Executive 8 years MBA (HR) 4 Mobilink HR Executive 6 years MBA (HR) 5 Warid HR Operations Executive6 years MBA (HR) 6 Zong HR Executive 6 years MBA (HR) 7 Mobilink HR Executive 7 years MBA (HR) 8 Ufone HR Manager 5 years MBA (HR) 9 Telenor HR Director 6 and half years MBA (HR) 10 Ufone Manager (OD) 5 years MSC (HR)one from Warid. This is due to, during the field study, Mobilink was in the process of consolidating Warid, which was officially publicized far along in PTA Annual Report (2016). Nonetheless, it was challenging to approach another HR executive from Warid; for that reason, the HR executive from Ufone was approached and providentially obtainable for the field interview. The aim behind was to exactly point out the experiences related to the performance of HR managers itself. Supporting the argument, Ahmad et al. (2014) encouraged forthcoming scholars to study HR managers in measuring HR professionals’ effectiveness. Table 1 specifies that the total number of HR professionals who were the part of qualitative field research is ten participants. Among which seven participants are HR executives, and one each participant is an HR manager, a manager of organization development (OD) and an HR director. All HR professionals have sufficient experience in the field of HR, which facilitated researchers to get thoughtful information and to gain insight into their experiences in the workplace. The HR professionals also had earlier worked in the HR domain prior to they had been employed by the current organization. The HR professionals have been recognized by their organizations to key HR positions after certain years of working experience and training. All of the ten HR professionals have completed their Master of Business Administration specialized in the human resources area. The HR professionals’ experiences and their qualifications symbolize that they are appropriate for the field interviews; therefore, they were reliable for the qualitative field research. Table 2 presents the insights of the participants into their levels of effectiveness in nine key strategic functions, which they perceive are essentials to execute if they want to be effective. Nevertheless, it has been affirmed that the level of HR professionals’ effectiveness is above the standards as their responses reveal higher proportions in all nine key strategic functions. These key strategic functions are expressed in below Table 2 , accompanied by the level of effectiveness. The fable displays the level of HR professionals’ effectiveness and highlights the core strategic functions, which drive the effectiveness of HR professionals. Columns of the table illustrate the level of effectiveness in percentages, while rows represent the nine strategic functions, which HR professionals are obligatory to perform for the purpose of expanding their effectiveness. These strategic functions are recruitment of right candidates at the right time, responding to employees’ needs and demands, communicating timely information, developing HR policies and procedures, performing optimum HR practices, HR professionals’ roles, HR professionals’ responsibilities, providing career plans and providing support and services for the employees. Besides this, the level of effectiveness was established by the measurement of the average score (in percentage) given by each participant in every strategic function, whereas the average score was calculated as the total score divided by nine strategic functions (see Table 2 ). It is believed that there is no pragmatic approach or criterion available in previous research, which can lead us to understand the standards on the level of HR professionals’ effectiveness by following what we can postulate, that the level of effectiveness is higher or not. This is since previous researchers (Wright et al., 2001b; Han et al., 2006; Choi Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 6 May 2022 | Volume 13 | Article 774165" 565 W2110600317.pdf 9 "expressing ’, metastatically potent cells. This also carries the possibility of a primary tumour showing relatively higher expression levels than its metastasis, which wouldhave already been re-selected by the new microenviron- ment. Translating this into clinical practice would mean, that the ‘lack ’of overexpression would not exclude metastatic potential or even a worse prognosis. As pri- mary tumour site seemed to be interesting in terms of selection of metastatically potent, CD44v3/v6 high sub-clones, we tried to find support os this theory in another, quite different model system. We further examined the role of the primary tumour microenvironment in our subcutaneously implanted xenograft model. CD44v3 and v6 expression levels were different in tumours implanted from the same cell sus-pension, into genetically identical host, i.e. newborn and adult scid mice, which were only physiologically differ- ent. Hence, differences in expression levels of the exam-ined gene products (v3 and v6) could be correlated with differences in metastatic potential (0% vs. 100%). Micro- environmental (host) factors (such as maturity immunesystem, vascular permeability, cytokines and chemo- kines, etc.) should, therefore, stand as driving factors in the background of metastatically potent subclones whichwill ultimately determine the clinical behaviour of the entire tumour. These experiments prove that physio- logical factors of host (as well as primary tumour micro-environment) do matter and in extreme, experimental conditions can fully determine metastatic potential of a malignant system. Conclusions It is likely to assume that tumour microenvironment(tumour host organism) have a central role in metastatic phenotype presentation of primary colorectal cancer. While normal tissues (such as colonic mucosa) do not express variant isoforms of CD44, tumours seem to per- form a wide variation of CD44 isoforms. Presuming that different domains of different CD44 isoforms can performa variety of new functions, there is no more sense in investigating CD44 “in general ”. Moreover, expression pattern of CD44 isoforms was found to be stable , meaning that colorectal type expression profile remained unchanged from tumour cell suspen- sions (in vitro) throughout primary and metastatic colon cancer xenografts. In contrary, quantitative changes do exist in the expression of distinct variant exons. CD44 variant isoforms, especially the functionally well-characterized v3 and v6 containing isoforms, seem to massively take part in expressing the metastatic phenotype . Our results support that higher-level v3/v6 co-expression can represent this “quasy-metastatic-gene ” function at the primary tumour site and at the early phase of the metastatic cascade. Nontheless, it must beemphasized that only a minor proportion of the primary tumour mass is sufficient to hold “metastatic-phenotype ” for the complete primary tumour. Although each colo-rectal tumour types use metastatic subclones of high CD44v3/v6 expression rate, selective examination of metastatic tumour cell group is not yet resolved. Thismeans that quantitative evaluation of not only CD44 “in general ”, but even of v3/v6-containing isoforms are inappropriate for the prognosis of metastatic behaviorof a single tumour case because of the summative way of the measurement techniques. Moreover this can be the background of the quite diversive results on the pre-dictive value of “CD44 ”in the literature. Methods Tumour cell cultures We maintained cell cultures of three genetically different human colorectal cell lines (HT25 (from M.Hendricks,Iowa), HT29 (ECACC 91072201) and HCT116 (ICLC HTL95025)), four other human neoplastic cell lines (MCF7 –human breast cancer cell line (ATCC HTB-22 ™), K562 –chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (ATCC CCL-243™), A431 –human vulvar epidermoid carcinoma cell line (ATCC CRL 1555), HT199 –human malignant melanoma cell line (developed in the 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research (Semmel- weis University, Budapest, Hungary)) and a mouse colo-rectal cell line (C26 - derived from BALB/C Colon26 murine colon adenocarcinoma - obtained from ATCC. USA) in 5% FCS and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin con-taining 1640-RPMI medium at 37°C. For implantation we prepared single-cell suspensions after enzymatic (Tripsine- E D T A )d i g e s t i o na n dw a s h e dt h ec u l t u r e st w i c ew i t hF C S -free medium. In vivo experimental models Isograft model We injected suspensions of C26 isograft colorectal tumour cell line into the spleen (4 animals) [80]andcolonic wall (4 animals) of adult (20-week-old, 20g – weigh) Balb-C mice. Anaesthesia was performed by intraperitoneal injection of Nembuthal (70 mg/kg). Eachtumour injection was performed by 0.05 ml suspension of 5x10 5cells (107cell/ml serum-free one-cell suspen- sions). After 4 weeks, animals were sacrificed, autopsywas performed and tumour tissues of primary tumours and liver metastases were isolated Figure 5I.a,I.b. Human xenograft model I. - spontaneous lung metastatic model from heterotopic (subcutaneous) implantation Single cell suspension of HT25, HT29 and HCT116 cell lines (5x105cells / 0.05 ml) were subcutaneously implanted into adult and newborn scid mice into the same localization (left lumbar region) using the sameBánky et al. Molecular Cancer 2012, 11:83 Page 10 of 15 http://www.molecular-cancer.com/content/11/1/83" 566 W2904932512.pdf 5 "ACKONWLEDGEMENTS This study was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51409015; 51679094; 51339001); the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC0402305 and 2016YFC0402310); and the Public Welfare Scientific Research Funding Project of the MWR of China (Grant No. 201401011). REFERENCES 1. C.A.C. Coello, Theoretical and numerical constraint- handling techniques used with evolutionary algorithms: a survey of the state of the art, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 191(2002)1245-1287. 2. D.E. Goldberg Genetic. Algorithms in search optimization and machine learning Boston: Addison- Wesley Longman Publishing Co. 1989 3. Deb K, Agrawal RB. Simulated binary crossover for continuous search space. C omplex Systems, 1995, 9(6): 115-148. 4. M. Takahashi, H. Kita. A Crossover Operator Using Independent Component Analysis for Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm, in Proceedings of the 2001 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, (2001) 643- 649 5. Holland J. Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. The University of Michigan Press, 1975, Ann Arbour. 6. H.R. Howson, N.G.F. Sancho, A two-stage algorithm for sequential decisions problems. INFOR II 2 (1973)163-176. 7. H.R. Howson, N.G.F. Sancho, A new algorithm for the solution of multi-state dynamic programming problems, Math.Programm. 8(1975)104-116. 8. J.H. Holland, Adaptation in Nature and Artificial Systems, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1975. 9. J. Nelder, R.Mead, A simplex method for function minimization. Computer Journal, (1965)308-313. 10. K.V . Price, R.M. Storn, Differential evolution - a simple evolution strategy for fast optimization. Dr. Dobb’s Journal, 22(1997)18-24. 11. K.V . Price, R.M. Storn, J.A. Lampinen, Differential Evolution: A Practical Approach to Global Optimization, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2005. 12. Michalewicz Z. Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1996. 13. Ono I, Kita H, Kobayashi S. A robust real-coded genetic algorithm using unimodal normal distribution crossover augmented by uniform crossover: effects of self-adaptation of crossover probabilities. Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. San Mateo: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1999, 496~503. 14. Price K, Strom R, Lampinen J. Differential evolution: a practical approach to global optimization [M]. Springer Science & Bu siness Media, 2006. 15. Shu-Kai S. Fan, Yun-Chia L i a n g , E r w i e Z a h a r a , A genetic algorithm and a particle swarm optimizer hybridized with Nelder– Mead simplex search. Computer and Industrial Engineering. 50(2006)401- 425. 16. S. Simonovic, The implicit stochastic model for reservoir yield optimization, Water Resour Res., 23(1987)2159-2165. 17. Storn R, Price K. Differential evolution–a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces [J]. Journal of global optimization, 1997, 11(4): 341-359. 18. Takahashi M, Kita H. A crossover operator using independent component analysis for real-coded genetic algorithm. Proceedings of the 2001 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2001, pp. 643-649. 19. Thangavelu S, Velayutham C S. An investigation on mixing heterogeneous differential evolution variants in a distributed framework [M]. Inderscience Publishers, 2015. 20. Tsutsui S, Yamamura M, Higuchi T. Multi-parent recombination with simplex crossover in real coded genetic algorithms. Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. San Mateo: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1999. 657~664. 21. Wen X, Xia Q, Zhao Y . An effective genetic algorithm for circularity error unified evaluation [J]. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2006, 46(14):1770-1777. 22. W. Splendy, G.R. Hext, F.R. Himsworth Sequential application of simplex design in optimization and evolutionary design. Technometrics (1962) 441-461. 23. X. Liu, S. Guo, P. Liu, L. Chen, X. Li, Deriving optimal refill rules for multi-purpose reservoir operation, Water Resour Manage 25 (2011)431-448. 24. Yan X, Liu H, Zhu Z, et al. Hybrid genetic algorithm for engineering design problems [J]. Cluster Computing, 2016, 13(9):1-13. 25. Z. Michalewicz, Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1996. 6 ,0 (2018) MATEC Web of Conferences https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601003 246 1003 ISWSO 2018" 567 W3115197588.pdf 1 "http://ijsp.ccsenet.org International Journal of Statistics and Probability V ol. 10, No. 1; 2021 Figure 1. Xi=0:1+3i=100 for 1i30. The solid line is the unknown function fdefined by f(x)=1=xforx2(0;1) and the circles are the observations Yi=f(Xi)+""i, the dashed line is the convex regression estimator, and the dotted line is the penalized convex regression estimator with n=0:01. The""i’s follow iid standard normal distributions We refer to the solution to (2) as the convex regression estimator, and this estimator has gained a great deal of attention from numerous researchers. Hanson and Pledger (1976) established consistency for the case when d=1, Groeneboom et al. (2001) computed the rate of convergence for the case when d=2, Seijo and Sen (2011) studies consistency for the case when d>1, and Mazumder et al. (2019) proposed an e cient algorithm for solving (2). One can note that (2) is a convex quadratic program with n(d+1) decision variables and n2linear constraints, so one can solve (2) by using convex programming solvers. One of the drawbacks of the convex regression estimator is that it tends to overfit the data set near the boundary of the domain, so its subgradient gets large near the boundary. The main reason of this undesirable situation is that (2) is formulated in a way that only the sum of squared errors is minimized. Thus, one way to remedy this situation is adding a penalty term to the objective function of (2), which leads to the following formulation: Minimize1 nnX i=1(Yi" 568 W2131077930.pdf 1 "Case presentation A 9-year-old Greek boy was transferred in the Emergency Department of the hospital after sustaining injuries by stray lead shots fired from a shotgun. On his admission the patient had a patent airway, Beats: 122 per minute, Blood Pressure: 135/60 mmHg, SpO2: 96% and Breaths: 30/min while from the full blood count Hb: 6.6 gm/dl, Hct: 17.2%. He had suffered multiple entry points by the lead shots that were distributed across the right side of his thorax, abdomen and left arm. On auscultation the patient had decreased lung sounds on the right side and subcutaneous emphysema. A chest tube was placed that confirmed the suspicion of pneumothorax and hemothorax. His abdomen was soft and tender with no sign of peritonitis engorgement or pain. A urine catheter was placed that revealed macroscopic hematuria. The patient was intubated and a computed tomography scanwas followed. The computed tomography scan of the thorax revealed lacerations of the lung parenchyma in the right middle and lower lobe, pneumothorax, free pleural fluid, large subcutaneous emphysema, small collection of fluid (blood) in the pericardium and multiple lead shots scattered inside the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. No major injury to the heart (one lead shot was lodged between the epicardium and pericardium) or the large blood vessels was observed (Figure 1).In the abdominal cavity the computed tomography scan showed: extended lacerations of the liver (segments V, VI,VII, VIII,) and a fracture of segment V fracture of the lowerpole of the right kidney. The child was transferred in thepediatric intensive care unit of our hospital were he was transfused with blood products and remained hemody- namically stable during the critical initial period after theinjury. The continuous monitoring by clinical examina-tion and ultrasound of his abdominal cavity showed nochange and his clinical condition was stabilized in thepediatric intensive care unit with no further blood loss. Hecontinued to have a large quantity of fluid in his abdomenthat showed no sign of decreasing, on the contrary on the 8 thday of his hospitalization the child was transferred in the operating room for an exploratory surgery of theabdomen due to the progression of intra-abdominalinflammation caused by choloperitoneum and the verylarge amount of fluid collected. During the operation theperitoneal cavity was found to be filled with bile and onexploration of the billiary tree a small hole was found onthe wall of the gallbladder. His post-op hospitalization was normal with no complications. The manufacturers of the lead pellets for shotguns use lead and antimony aspropellants. Because of the large amount of lead pelletsinside the patient ’s body the blood lead levels were measured periodically [5]. He also developed a temporaryulnar nerve paresis which was developed by a pellet whichinjured the nerve. Discussion The most commonly affected organs by penetrating firearm injury in children are the small bowel, colon, liver and stomach followed by the spleen, kidney and pancreas [3,6,7]. Anatomic differences between the body of children and adults may account for the higher incidence of multivisceral injuries in children with penetrating injury [6]. The thoracic cage in children is much more compliant and not as well developed therefore affording less protection to the liver and other organs. The viscera of children are smaller and in closer proximity to each other, and the hepatic mass is smaller providing less physical protection to adjacent organs than in adults. The injuries that are developed by the pellets can be fatal in some cases. The incidence of gunshots in children and adults is rising over time [1,8]. The existence of a pediatric intensive care unit is very crucial for the management of these patients. The appropriate co-operation of different medical specialities in such multi-injured patients can save the life of a child. Conclusion We feel that carefully selected patients can be treated conservatively under pediatric intensive care unit mon- itoring conditions having in mind that especially in Figure 1. X-ray shows the pellets in the thorax and abdomen. Page 2 of 3 (page number not for citation purposes)Cases Journal 2009, 2:6340 http://casesjournal.com/casesjournal/article/view/6340" 569 W4223515558.pdf 4 "4 93 94 Fig. 1 . Cross -reactive SARS -CoV-2-specific T cells are present in pre -pandemic BAL 95 samples: a,b, Frequency of TNF a (a) and IFNg-producing ( b) CD4+ (left) and CD8+ (right) T 96 cells in BAL for each peptide pool. Doughnut plots on top show per centage of samples abov e 97 mean+2SD of DMSO control. c, Total Sars -CoV-2-specific CD4+ (left) and CD8+ (right) T cells 98 producing TNF a or IFNg. d, Individual responses of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells producing TNF a 99 (left) or IFN g (right) in BAL. e, Correlation of total TNF a (left) and IFN g (right) -producing CD4+ 100 vs. CD8+ T cells in BAL. a-d, bars at median; grey area represents mean+2SD of DMSO 101 control. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001; a,b, ANOVA and Dunn’s multiple comparison; c,d, 102 Wilcoxon; e, Spearman correlation. 103 Fig. 1 a b c 0 10 20 300.00.51.01.52.0% TNFα+ CD8+ % TNFα+ CD4+ r= 0.7234, * 0 1 2 3 40.00.51.01.5% IFNγ+ CD8+ % IFNγ+ CD4+ r= 0.8234, ** e Spike NSP7 NSP12 NSP13 Total Sars -CoV-2-specific response d TNFα IFNγ0102030% CD4+ * TNFα IFNγ0.00.51.01.52.0% CD8+ * CD4 CD802468% TNFα+ *** CD4 CD80.00.51.01.5% IFNγ+ **Spike NSP7NSP12 NSP1302468% TNFα+ CD4+ Spike NSP7NSP12 NSP130.00.51.01.5% IFNγ+ CD4+Spike NSP7NSP12 NSP130.00.20.40.60.81.0% TNFα+ CD8+ Spike NSP7NSP12 NSP130.00.20.40.60.81.0% IFNγ+ CD8+" 570 W2119098980.pdf 7 "Frank Leonardo Apituley (1) , Amin Setyo Leksono (2) , Bagyo Yanuwiadi (3 92 sedangkan Vespidae mengalami kenaikan pada tempo pertama sampai kedua dan mengalami penurunan pada tempo ketiga sampai keempat (Gambar 5). Hal ini dikarenakan serangga mempunyai mekanisme secara fisiologis untuk mengukur waktu aktifitasnya, yang dikenal sebagai jam biologi. Secara umum jam biologi harian adalah kemampuan serangga untuk menentukan waktu bagi serangga, kapan untuk melakukan aktivitas dan kapan waktu untuk serangga beristirahat. Jam biologi juga dikaitkan dengan periodisitas yang berhubungan dengan bulan dan daur musim. Pada tempo ketiga (12.00-13.15) terlihat kelimpahan serangga polinator mengalami penurunan, hal ini disebabkan karena adanya ketidaksesuaian iklim mikro atau suhu pada lingkungan tersebut. Serangga memiliki kisaran suhu tertentu dimana dia dapat bertahan hidup. Di luar kisaran suhu tersebut serangga akan mati kedinginan atau kepanasan. Pengaruh suhu ini jelas terlihat pada proses fisiologi serangga. Pada suhu tertentu aktifitas serangga tinggi, akan tetapi pada suhu lain akan berkurang atau menurun. Pada umumnya kisaran suhu efektif adalah : suhu minimum 15 ⁰C, suhu optimum 25 ⁰C, dan suhu maksimum 45 ⁰C (Jumar, 2000). Serangga merupakan organisme yang bersifat poikiloterm, sehingga suhu badan serangga banyak dipengaruhi oleh suhu lingkungan. Pada tempo keempat (15.00-16.15) menunjukan bertambahnya kelimpahan dari serangga polinator tertentu meskipun jumlah penambahannya tidak sebanyak tempo sebelumnya, hal ini dikarenakan beberapa aktivitas dari serangga di pengaruhi oleh respon terhadap cahaya yang berperan dalam proses pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan kelangsungan hidup dari serangga tersebut. Hasil perhitungan nilai indeks diversitas komunitas serangga polinator saat musim berbunga sebesar 2,08 sedangkan nilai indeks diversitas pada saat musim berbuah sebesar 1,27. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa diversitas serangga pada saat musim berbunga dan berbuah di perkebunan apel termasuk kategori rendah (H’>1-2). Kategori rendah pada kedua musim di perkebunan apel ini disebabkan karena aktivitas masyarakat dalam pengelolaan lahan pertanian yang kurang memperhatikan aspek lingkungan serta dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan yang ada dan juga keragaman komponen yang menyusun ekosistem. Menurut Krebs (2001) keanekaragaman jenis untuk mengukur tingkat keteraturan dan kestabilan suatu ekosistem hal ini diartikan bahwa semakin rendah nilai indeks keanekaragaman maka semakin menurun tingkat keteraturan dan kestabilan ekosistem. Analisis statistik keanekaragaman serangga polinator saat musim berbunga dan berbuah memiliki hasil yang signifikan dimana nilainya P < 0,001, waktu pengambilan sampel antara musim berbunga dan berbuah juga memiliki hasil yang signifikan dengan nilai P < 0,001. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa antara musim berbunga dan berbuah dan waktu berpengaruh dalam keanekaragaman serangga polinator. Keanekaragaman serangga polinator di suatu habitat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan sumber pakan dan faktor lingkungan. Beberapa serangga pengunjung dapat dikategorikan sebagai serangga penyerbuk, yaitu dari ordo Hymenoptera, Diptera dan Lepidoptera (Banjo et all , 2006). Individu tertinggi dan dominan pada perkebunan apel pada saat musim berbunga adalah famili Syrpidae dari ordo Diptera dengan nilai INP sebesar 39,21 dengan kelimpahan relatif 28,09%, sedangkan pada musim berbuah didominasi oleh famili Vespidae dengan nilai INP sebesar 65,11 dengan kelimpahan relatif 42,38%. Syrpidae disamping bersifat sebagai polinator juga sebagai predator dan dapat bergerak aktif sehingga mampu bertahan hidup dan berkembangbiak sehingga keberadaannya mampu mendominasi suatu komunitas, selain itu hewan ini mampu menghasilkan telur dalam jumlah banyak. Tingkat kesamaan antar komunitas tiap periode waktu dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan indeks Bray Curtis . Hasil perhitungan indeks kesamaan Bray Curtis berdasarkan kelompok musim berbunga dan berbuah disajikan pada (Tabel 2)." 571 W2888365170.pdf 0 "http://www.hts.org.za Open Access HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422 Page 1 of 8 Original Research Read online: Scan this QR code with your smart phone or mobile device to read online.Author: Diana L. Villegas1 Affiliation: 1Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of the Free State, South Africa Corresponding author: Diana Villegas, dianavilsa@gmail.com Dates: Received: 17 Apr. 2018 Accepted: 23 July 2018 Published: 27 Aug. 2018 How to cite this article: Villegas, D.L., 2018, ‘Spirituality and belief: Implications for study and practice of Christian spirituality’, HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 74(3), 5037. https://doi.org/ 10.4102/hts.v74i3.5037 Copyright: © 2018. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.Introduction In this study, I emphasise that beliefs are always inherent in lived spirituality. According to John Hick (1989), a scholar of religion, offering beliefs that address human questions about dealing with the limitations and sufferings of life as well as the human quest for meaning is a central function of religion in human culture. Based on this theory, I explore the importance of studying how religious beliefs are received and appropriated, particularly in our globalised, pluralistic culture where there is a smorgasbord of beliefs. This article is written from the perspective of the contemporary discipline of Christian spirituality1 which is considered an interdisciplinary endeavour. While adhering to this point of view (this study is itself interdisciplinary), I argue here for the importance of theological reflection regarding beliefs undergirding the spiritual journeys of Christians. Theology studies beliefs from the perspective of a religious denomination’s self-understanding, that is, a confessional standpoint.2 Precisely in our globalised culture, exploring, understanding and developing that self-understanding in terms of living the beliefs of a particular denomination is an important theoretical and practical task. Theology that helps interpret and understand lived spirituality must take into account contemporary cultural and historical contexts as enculturated theological reflection has a significant interpretive function in the study of Christian spirituality. This study makes a contribution by exploring the significance of religious belief for contemporary spirituality even as there is a cultural movement towards separating spirituality and religion. The methodology is innovative in that, rather than philosophical or historical arguments, I use theories from the study of religion, sociological studies including one by a theologian, biography and theology to make an argument regarding theological reflection on belief in the field of Christian spirituality. Religion and belief: The case from the study of religion3 John Hick, a major scholar of religion and comparative theology, developed a detailed theory about the emergence of religion in human culture and about a pattern of belief in major world religions. 1.When referencing Christian spirituality, this study presupposes a plurality of interpretations of Christianity ranging from those of different denominations to the many specific forms of Christian spirituality within denominations, such as Orthodox spirituality, Carmelite spirituality or contemplative spirituality. 2.Confession or confessional refers to perspectives from the self-understanding of a religion as opposed to beliefs viewed or studied from a non-religious perspective. 3.Material in this section is based in part on research presented in Villegas (2012:70–73).The aim of this article is to show the inherent connection between spirituality and belief and the significance of this for the study and practice of Christian spirituality. John Hick, a scholar of religion, argues that religions arose in human culture in order to offer beliefs and practices that respond to the human quest for meaning and transcendence. Assuming spirituality refers to consciously living life in terms of such beliefs and rituals, then religion’s function in culture is to provide a spirituality. Based on the latter theory, I argue for the importance of theological or confessional reflection regarding contemporary belief, given that theology reflects on the beliefs of a religion and at its best helps persons understand and integrate their beliefs into the living of life at a particular historical-cultural moment. In our contemporary globalised, pluralistic culture the influence on spiritual practice of multiple sources of wisdom is common, as shown by sociological studies discussed in this study. This cultural context calls for identification, understanding and interpretation of the beliefs of Christians, as well as study regarding how these beliefs fulfil the purpose of religion in human culture, namely offering ways of living with suffering, evil and questions about the meaning of life. I argue such study fulfils both practical and theoretical functions.Spirituality and belief: Implications for study and practice of Christian spirituality Read online: Scan this QR code with your smart phone or mobile device to read online." 572 W2158508516.pdf 21 "Materials 2010 , 3 2281 Figure 9. Experimental values of ionization potential (I p) and electron affinity (E a) of different sized TOPO coated CdSe Qdots (a: 2.3 nm, b: 3.1 nm, c: 3.2 nm, d: 3.5 nm, e: 3.7 nm, f: 3.8 nm, g: 4.0 nm) (Reprinted with permission from [62]. Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society). 3.2.1. Radiative Relaxation Radiative relaxation results in spontaneous luminescence from Q dots. Such luminescence may result from band-edge or near ba nd-edge transitions or from defect and/or activator quantum states. We discuss such emissions in the following sections. 3.2.1.1. Band-Edge Emission The most common radiative relaxation processes in intrinsic semiconductors and insulators are band-edge and near band-edge (exciton) emission. Th e recombination of an excited electron in the conduction band with a hole in the valence band is called band-edge emission. As noted above, an electron and hole may be bound by a few meV to form an exciton. Therefore, radiative recombination of an exciton leads to near band-edge emission at energies slightly lowe r than the band-gap. The lowest energy states in Qdots are referred as 1se-1sh (also called exciton state) . The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a room-temperature band-edge emission peak from Qdots varies from 15 to 30 nm depending on the average si ze of particles. For ZnSe Qdots, however, the luminescence can be tuned by size over the spectral range 390 –440 nm with FWHM as narrow as 12.7–16.9 nm [114,115]. The optical absorption spectrum reflects the band structure of th e materials. While PL from bulk semiconductors is fairly simple and well-understood, and can be expl ained by parabolic band theory, the PL from Qdots raises several questions. For example, radiativ e lifetime of 3.2 nm sized CdSe Qdots can be 1 μs at 10K compared to bulk (~1 ns) [116,117]. This was expl ained by the fact that there were surface states that involved in emission [116]. Ba nd structures of semiconductors ar e often determined from either absorption spectra or PLE spectra. The study [116] also showed that these two spectra exhibited different characteristics when th ese spectra were acquired at 15 K. The PLE spectrum was associated" 573 W2755453995.pdf 8 "689 Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 112(10), October 2017 IV). In downtown Palmas, L. infantum and L. amazo - nensis DNA was detected in Ny. whitmani pools and Lu. longipalpis pools, respectively (Table IV). The minimum rates of infection of Ny. whitmani (number of positive pools/number of females analysed) by L. amazonensis and L. infantum in HUs in July (the dry month) were 7%, and 3%, respectively. In November (the rainy month), no Leishmania -infected Ny. whitmani was detected. The minimum rates of infection of Lu. lon - gipalpis by L. amazonensis in HUs were 10% in Novem - ber and 12.5% in July. In November, Leishmania sp. was detected in Bi. flaviscutellata and L. amazonensis was detected in Ev. walkeri and Pi. christenseni (Table IV). DISCUSSION The presence of Leishmania spp. DNA in six Phle - botominae species from HUs and adjacent gallery for - ests in downtown Palmas and the Taquaruçu district suggests that the environments are potentially at risk for the Leishmania transmission. The results also reveal the role of gallery forests in maintaining Leishmania vectors in areas of the Brazilian savanna. The number of species recorded in this study (30) was similar to the number reported by Machado et al. (2012), who registered 32 species. High Phlebotominae diversity has also been reported in studies performed in different cities in this state (Andrade-Filho et al. 2001, Vilela et al. 2011, 2013). Species such as Ny. whitmani , Bi. flaviscutel - lata, and Lu. longipalpis are likely to be involved in the transmission of Leishmania spp. in Palmas. Species richness and Phlebotominae occurrence were higher in the rural area (Taquaruçu) than in downtown Palmas. Parallel findings were also reported by Cruz et al. (2013) in Bandeirantes, state of Paraná. Meanwhile, Vilela et al. (2011) also observed high species diversity in rural environments, but the abundance of sand flies was higher in urban environments. These results may be due to the presence of forests close to households and animal housing structures, as well as to the presence accumulated organic matter, all of which provides conditions that are conducive to the establishment of a Phlebotomine repro - ductive cycle (Quinnell & Dye 1994, Cruz et al. 2013). Species richness was higher in July (the dry month) than in November (the rainy month) in both locations. Similar findings were reported by Pinheiro et al. (2013) in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and Moraes et al. (2015) in state of Maranhão. In the current study, the soil showed higher amount of organic matter in dry month (see Fig. in Supplementary data). This condition may have con - tributed to the higher population size in this month and, as a result, to the increase in permanent breeding sites. In the dry month, the preferred habitat among the sand fly specimens was the adjacent gallery forests, where higher numbers of females were captured. In November (the rainy month), most of the specimens captured were found in the peridomestic sites, and there were more males than females. The lower number of phlebotomines in gallery forests was observed in the rainy season when the soil was very soaked (see Fig. in Supplementary data). Proba - bly this environmental condition disturbs the species de - velopment in the soil reducing number of breeding sites and consequently population size. The predominance of females over males in this study differed from the find - ings of other authors (Vilela et al. 2011, 2013, Cruz et al. 2013, Pinheiro et al. 2013), and this occurred probably due the food source or climatic changes. However, a de - tailed sex ratio study during a one or two-year period is necessary to test such hypothesis. PCR has been used in many studies to detect Leish - mania in Phlebotominae species (Quaresma et al. 2012, Vilela et al. 2013). It is more sensitive than dissection fol - lowed by parasitological examination, and it allows for the identification of parasites at the genus, subgenus, and/ or species level (Pita-Pereira et al. 2011). The nested PCR technique using SSU rDNA is more sensitive in the de - tection of trypanosomatids than PCR with ITS1 as a tar - get (El Tai et al. 2000), a factor which would explain the unique positive sample detected using the ITS1 marker. The rates of infection by Leishmania in vectors are gen - erally low in nature (Paiva et al. 2006). The average rates remained below 3%, and have rarely reached 10% when evaluated by dissection or PCR (Missawa et al. 2010). Based on this, some of our rates were considered high. In Taquaruçu, Leishmania spp. DNA detected in the Ny. whitmani may be from L. braziliensis , as Ny. whitmani is an important vector of the parasite (Rangel & Lainson 2009). L. amazonensis DNA was detected for the first time in Ny. whitmani , Pa. hermanlenti , and Pi. christenseni from this location. It is known that Ny. whitmani can be infected experimentally with L. amazonensis and may even be a vector of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (Fonteles et al. 2016). Infection by Leishmania sp. detected in Bi. flavis - cutellata from this site may be caused by L. amazonensis , given the known association between these species (Rangel & Lainson 2009). Crithidia fasciculata DNA was detected for the first time in Ny. whitmani from this district, as was DNA of Trypanosoma sp. in Pi. christenseni . In downtown Palmas, DNA of L. infantum was detected in Ny. whitmani , and the presence of L. amazonensis was detected in Ev. walkeri for the first time. Infections of Ny. whitmani by L. infantum were described in state of Minas Gerais, but the biological interactions involved in this infection need to be investigated to determine the role of this vector in parasite transmission (Margonari et al. 2010). The finding of L. in- fantum DNA in Lu. longipalpis at both locations was ex - pected, but L. amazonensis DNA was found in this sand fly species. Experiments have revealed the ability of this vector to transmit L. amazonensis to hamsters (da Silva et al. 1990), and other studies have detected L. amazonensis in Lu. longipalpis (Paiva et al. 2006, Savani et al. 2009). The first records of L. amazonensis DNA in Ny. whit- mani , Pi. christenseni , Pa. hermanlenti , and Ev. walkeri in the city of Palmas suggest the possible involvement of these species in the transmission of the diffuse cutaneous form of the disease in this city, where 169 cases of ACL were reported in recent years (data obtained in coopera - tion with the Municipal Secretariat of Health). However, the finding of Leishmania DNA in sand fly species is not the only condition required to declare it a vector. Species distribution must also coincide with that of the disease in humans; the insect must also be found to be infected in peridomestic and domestic environments; it must feed" 574 W2953948531.pdf 5 "Alekseev AV et al.: Outcomes of the “steady-state crisis” experiment212 „Alekseev VV (2013) Use of the MUZA program for computational support of experiments in research reactors. Nuclear Reactor Physics 3: 135–140. [in Russian] „Bobkov VP (1999) Table method to calculate critical heat flux in water-cooled triangular assemblies. Atomic Energy 87(1): 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02673204 [in Russian] „Bobkov VP, Smogalyov IP (2001) On the Accuracy of Describing Different Codes of Critical Heat Flows in Rods Bundles. Heat Power Engineering 3: 21–28. [in Russian] „Bobkov VP, Yefanov AD, Pometko RS, Smogalyov IP (2011) A modified table for calculating the critical heat fluxes in fuel rod as - semblies in a triangular package. Heat Power Engineering 4: 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601511040045 [in Russian] „Bolshakov VV , Ivanov VK, Kobzar LL, Kosourov KB, Oleksyuk DA, Semchenkov YuM (2009) Experimental study of the spacing effect of the spacer grids arrangement on the critical heat fluxes in bundles of rods. Proc. of the 6th International Conference «Safety Assurance of NPPs with VVER», May 26–29. Podolsk. OKB Gidro - press JSC Publ. [CD, track 108]. [in Russian] „Bolshakov VV , Kobzar LL, Kosourov KB, Oleksyuk DA, Sem - chenkov YuM (2009a) An experimental study of the effect of axial non-uniformity of heat generation on critical heat fluxes in bundles of rods. Proc. of the 6th International Conference “Safety Assurance of NPPs with VVER”, May 26–29. Podolsk. OKB Gidropress JSC Publ. [CD, track 209]. [in Russian] „Burukin A V , Ilyenko SA, Izhutov AL (2009) Methodical funda - mentals and results of investigating fission product release from 60 MWd/kgU VVER fuel rods with simulated defects in the MIR reac - tor loop facility. Proc. of the 8th International Conference on VVER Fuel Performance, Modeling and Experimental Support, 26 Sep – 04 Oct, Burgas, Bulgaria. Sofia. Institute for Nuclear Research and Nu - clear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Publ., 250–256. „Dreganov OI, Shulimov VN, Alekseev A V , Kiseleva IV (2014) Re - sults of the “Steady-State Crisis” Experiment. RIAR Collected Pa - pers 2: 3–9. [in Russian] „Dreganov OI, Shulimov VN, Alekseev A V , Kiseleva IV (2015) The “Steady-State Crisis” Experiment and its results. Proc. of the 9th Intern. Sci. Conf. on Safety Assurance of NPPs with VVER. Podolsk. OKB Gidropress JSC Publ., 75. [in Russian] „Goryachev A V , Makhin VM, Kiseleva IV , Shulimov VN (2004) Integral reactor experiments to test multi-component fragments of VVER-440 and VVER-1000 FAs under LOCA conditions. Summa - ry of experimental results. Nuclear Reactor Physics 2: 29–38. [in Russian] „Groeneveld DC, Shan JQ, Vasic AZ, Leung LKH, Durmayazd A, Yanga J, Cheng SC, Tanase A (2007) The 2006 CHF look-up ta - ble. Nuclear Engineering and Design 237: 1909–1922. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.02.014 „Izhutov AL, Burukin A V , Zhemkov IYu, Kalygin VV , Ovchinnikov V A (2015) Capabilities of unique experimental reactor basis of JSC “SSC RIAR” for feasibility of new nuclear fuel. Conference Pro - ceedings Poster «Reactor Fuel Performance Meeting / Top Fuel 2015», 13–17 September, Zurich, Switzerland, ISBN 978-92-95064- 23-2, paper No. TopFuel2015-A0063: 448–457. „Krylov DA, Lozhkin VV , Smirnov AM (1995) Experimental study of the heat transfer crisis on rod models of VVER fuel assemblies at low pressures and flow rates characteristic of emergency conditions. Proc. of the Conf. Teplofizika-95 1: 174–180. [in Russian] „Logvinov SA, Bezrukov YuA, Dragunov YuG (2004) Experimental Substantiation of the Thermohydraulic Reliability of VVER Reac - tors. Moscow. IKTs Akademkniga Publ., 137 pp. [in Russian] „Lozhkin VV , Kolmakov AP, Smirnov AM (1998) Computational and experimental study of the crisis of heat transfer and local heating of the coolant on a 19-rod model of VVER fuel assemblies with a cen - tral non-heated rod. Proc. of the Conf. Teplofizika-98 1: 320–329. [in Russian] „Nechayeva O, Medvedev A, Novikov V (2003, 2004) Researches оf WWER fuel rods behaviour under RIA accident conditions. Proc. of the 5th Intern. Conf. on VVER Fuel Performance, Modelling and Experimental Support. 29 Sep–3 Oct 2003. Albena, Bulgaria, 2004, 309–318. „Sergeev VV (1998) Generalization of data on the heat exchange cri - sis during boiling water in pipes and core assemblies. Proc. of the Conf. Teplofizika-98 1: 330–337. [in Russian] „Shchekoldin VI, Bykov MA, Zaitsev SI, Bezrukov YuA (1998) Analy - sis of the experimental data on the crisis and the post-crisis heat trans - fer with the help of the calculation codes of the TRAP and RELAP5 / mod 3.2. Proc. of the Conf. Teplofizika-98 1: 295–303. [in Russian]" 575 W4391418342.pdf 1 " Al-Kufa University Journal f or Biology / VOL.8/ NO.3/ Year: 2016 Print ISSN: 2073 -8854 & Online ISSN: 2311 -6544 54 URL: http://www.uokufa.edu.iq/journals/index.php/ajb/index http://iasj.net/iasj?func=issues&jId=129&uiLanguage=en Email: biomgzn.sci@uokufa.edu.iq T which afford the function of calcium binding, inhibition of ATPase action and tropomyosin bonding respectivel y (7). Assessment of blood &/or its constituents were exploited for the estimation of markers, nowadays other samplings for instance spinal or salivary secretions are also used (8, 9). Saliva has benefits over blood like ease of collection & assessment, hi gh amounts of electrolytes & markers, less invasive and painless in subjects with AMI (pain may magnify necrosis by enhancing catecholamines secretion) (10,11). Furthermore, saliva is easier for resampling if required to confirm diagnosis. However, the nor mal range of salivary TnI in healthy population is not known (12). This study examine the relation between serum (S) & salivary (Sal) TnI & whether saliva could be applied as an alternate practice for diagnosing AMI in case of positive relationship. Methods: A cross -section study was completed in Merjan Medical city. It comprised of 100 patients in cardiac care unit under a physicia n's management. All diagnosed as AMI for the first time, after physical examination and by ECG & serum enzymes assessment . This study lasted for ten months and throughout this period we had to take history, perform oral examination, interrogate all the patients that had IHD and admitted to the hospital for further management &/or follow up. Meanwhile, we had to review the fin al diagnosis, investigations & echocardiography findings. Exclusion criteria include history of (proven CAD, stable IHD & PCI or CABG), heart failure, non -cardiac causes of elevated Tn levels, cardiac arrhythmias. Plasma & salivary Tn assessment were perf ormed by ELISA® method, according to manufacturing guidelines of Troponin I Ultra (TNIU) assay by VIDAS® technique (25). A written consent was obtained for each patient. Subjects were inquired not to eat, drink, smoke, and brush their teeth for one hour be fore saliva collection (12, 24). Subjects asked to wash their mouths with water, and then, swallow entire his mouth content. Unstimulatory – noninvasive 5 ml saliva sampling gained into a sterile tube. Three cc of blood drained after saliva collection. The reafter, both the blood and saliva were centrifuged at 3500 rpm for about 3 -5 minutes, then the samples placed in tubes and kept at -20 °C for further assessment. T-test was used to match the Tn in blood & saliva and Pearson -correlation used to lin k the linearity. P -value ˂0.05 was regarded significant. The statistical analysis was completed using SBSS - 22 software package. Baseline physical features were assembled for all subjects using a survey formula with fixed questions for their demographic dat a and clinical history. The choice of subjects was completed so that finally no participant had any of the ensuing confounders (may alter Tn measurements per se ): trauma, CHF, kidney failure, hypothyroidism, sepsis, and burns. Results: Tables (1) shows baseline characteristics of individuals enrolled in the study. Risk factors for all subjects of the study were hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM) & smoking. The most common was smoking (37%), followed by HT (26%) & then DM (21 %). (79%) were males & (21%) were females, male to female ratio was 3.5 to 1. Mean ages of the patients was 56.5±13.5 years (table -2). There was week positive significant correlation (r=0.1, P<0.05) between S TnI & Sal TnI concentrations (table 3). There w as no statistical difference noticed in salvia troponin levels between males and females. Also no significant correlation of both serum & salivary TnI with increasing age (table 5). " 576 W2771527059.pdf 2 " In the formula, x is a set of fe asible action sets, and ()nox is the action set credibility. According to the multi -objective optimization method, the navigation process of an autonomous mobile robot specifying the starting and ending points can be decomposed into thre e sub actions, namely, obstacle avoidance, keeping the target direction and moving rapidly toward the target. As shown in figure 3. Navigate to the destination point Obstacle avoidanceMoving to the target Keep the Direction of targetMove fast-forwardGyroscope SpeedometerInfrared ranging sensor Camera Fig. 3. specifies the navigation process behavior decomposition of the target According to the decision theory, the weights, priorities and other factors are taken into account . A weighted objective programming method with dynamic interval weight is proposed to obtain the satisfactory solution of the system at present: (, )( *, *) arg max[ ( , ) ( , ) ( , )] Nmf mf mh mh ao ao vRv wb v wb v wb v     1mf mh aowww , [ , 0.1]mfwo , [ ,0.4]mhwo , [ ,1]aowo . In the formula, ,mf mh aowww , respectively represent fast forward , keep the target direction and the obstacle avoidance behavior of three su b function weights. The weighted values of the sub behaviors of the algorithm can be adjusted dynamically within a given interval, so as to ensure that the mobile robot can obtain the most efficient solution in real time. 4 Reliability analysis of multi ou tput obstacle avoidance system Definition1(multiple behavior output system).If a control system with n behavioral parameters has at least k successful output, and then the system is called k out of n  system [8]. If the outputs of each subsy stem in the system are independent of each other, the reliability function of the system can be expressed as:   1 ( ,n) ( ,n) 1( ,,) 1 ,, { ( ) 1 , 2 ,, } { ( ) 1, 2, , }n ni l kx l n n i l kx l iRp p PX i k n x k n xk n             (1) In the formula, ()x represents the probability that ( , n)xk is satisfied. ( , n)k represents all subsets of k behaviors that are successfully output in n behavior. If the system succeeds in output, then the k behavior value is 1, and the n-k behavior value is 0 . For example ,    (2, 3) 1,1, 0 , 1, 0,1 , 0,1,1 , the functio n : 0,1 0,1n is defined as (()1)1 i i ixi otherwiP sePx  Aiming at the snake -like rescue robot obstacle avoidance system (2 -out-3) with 3 sub outputs, the independence of obstacle avoidance behavior is analyzed, if the behavior of reliability for123, , PPP , the formula (1) can be used to calculate the system reliability[9-10].   1,1,0 , 1,0,1 , 0,1,3 33 3 123 1 1,1,12 ( ,3) (2,3) (3,3) 1 11 33 { } {} 11 3333 1111 12 3( , , ) () () () () () (1,1, 0) (1, 0,1) (0,1,1) (1,1,1) (1i ii lb l b b i ii ii bb ii iiii iiiiRp p p b b b bb pp p                              1 2 3 1 23 123) (1 ) (1 )p p p p pp ppp    If X represent s the successful output of child behavior in n behavior, the reliability of the multi output system can be expres sed as 1(, , ) { }n n lkRp p PX l   (2) Which contains the parameter , np binomial random variable function p the probability form can be expressed as( ) { } (1 )i ninpi PX i p pi     ， 0,1, ,in . When12 n pp p p    , a binomial random variable with parameters , np can describe the reliability of a multi output system. Theorem 1: for a given behavior set, the reliability ofk out of n  systems has the following propertie s: ( ) ( 1)Rk Rk , 0,1, ,kn . Proof: formula (1) can be written in recursive form (,)( ) ( 1) ( ) x knRk Rk x  . Since (,)() 0 x knx , then ( ) ( 1)Rk Rk is proved. So far, it can be seen that the reliabili ty of the obstacle avoidance system can be expressed as the mean function of the reliability of each sub member. Therefore, the reliability of the whole system can be reflected by changing the reliability of the sub behaviors in the system. 5 System debugg ing and analysis 5.1 On-board sensor accuracy test In order to verify the effectiveness and real -time of snake -like rescue robot obstacle avoidance algorithm based on multi -objective optimization. Using the snake - like rescue robot DK -Snake -II developed by the MATEC Web of Conferences 139, 00155 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201713900155 ICMITE 2017 3" 577 W3202654738.pdf 3 "PA speci fic psychological and social variables PA efficacy was measured with 5 items using a 4-point Likert scale for responses. Items asked about con fidence overcoming barriers to PA if they had worries, felt depressed, felt tense, felt tired, and were too busy to do PA.33An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation offered a 1-factor solution that accounted for 52% variance, with Cronbach's α being 0.85. Scores were summed, and a total PA ef ficacy score (range: 5–20) was generated, with high scores representing high ef ficacy. PA outcome expectations were assessed using 5 items from the Ben- efits of Physical Activity scale34to assess anticipated bene fits of regular PA, including improving physical fitness, appearance, and overall health, helping with weight management, and reducing the risk of poor health. Responses were recorded on a 5-point Likert scale. An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation con firmed the unidimensionality of the 5 items with a 1-factor solution that accounted for 56% of the variance, with Cronbach's αbeing 0.79. Scores were summed to generate an outcome expectations score (range: 5 –25), with high scores representing positive outcome expectations. The perceived importance of PA was measured with a single item. Participants were asked to indicate how important they think PA in their life on a 6-point Likert scale, with the responses options of 0 ¼ ‘not at all important ’;1¼ ‘somewhat unimportant ’;2¼ ‘neutral ’;3¼ ‘somewhat important ’;4¼ ‘important ’; and 5 ¼ ‘very important ’. The scale was adapted from W /C19ojcicki et al.,35which originally recorded responses in a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ¼ ‘not at all important ’to 5¼ ‘very important ’. Ten items from the Social Support for Exercise Survey Scale36were used to measure social support for PA. Participants used a 5-point Likert scale to indicate how often they received PA support from their fam- ily/friends (e.g., did PA with the participant, encouraged, complained about their PA). An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation confirmed the unidimensionality of the 10 items with a 1-factor solution accounting for 91% of the variance with Cronbach's αbeing 0.87. The item scores were summed to generate a total PA social support score (range: 6 –36; one item was reverse-scored), with high scores represent- ing a high level of social support for PA. Statistical analyses To identify the correlates of changes in PA and SB, 1-year prospective data were used. The outcome variables (changes in PA and SB) had 3 categories (negligible change, decrease and increase). Therefore, multi- nomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify correlates of changes in PA and SB. Explanatory variables which had univariate as- sociations with the outcome variable at /C2020% signi ficance level (as recommended elsewhere37) were identi fied and examined for collin- earity. Outliers and other assumptions of the models were checked, and model fit was assessed before finalising the model. Variables, which did not have signi ficant associations with the outcome variable of interest in the multivariable model at 5% level of signi ficance, were excluded. The modelling of three categories for PA changes involved estimation of the following 2 equations: i) The likelihood of ‘decrease ’in PA over 1-year vs the likelihood of ‘negligible change ’, and ii) The likelihood of ‘increase ’in PA over 1-year vs the likelihood of ‘negligible change ’. The modelling of three categories for SB changes involved estimation of the following 2 equations: i) The likelihood of ‘increase ’in SB over 1-year vs the likelihood of ‘negligible change ’, and ii) The likelihood of ‘decrease ’in SB over 1-year vs the likelihood of ‘negligible change ’.All analyses were performed in Stata version 14 (StataCorp LP., Col- lege Station, Texas) with statistical signi ficance set at p<0.05. Only significant factors associated with change are presented as odds ratios (OR) with their 95% con fidence intervals ( CI). ResultsParticipants A total of 575 students completed the Wave 1 survey. Two of Wave 1 participants were excluded as they provided incomplete data on PA. Among 573 students who participated in Wave 1, 397 completed Wave 2 survey. However, 2 participants provided incomplete data at Wave 2 and were excluded. Thus, the analytical sample of this study was 395. Just over half of the participants (51.9%) who participated in both assessment points were female; the majority were single (92.4%), had healthy BMI (62.8%), and were studying in private universities (58.7%). Seventy-nine percent of the participants ’mothers were stay-at-home, 33.7% had a mother with tertiary education, and 60.2% reported their father had tertiary education. The majority of the students (79.0%) were Table 1 Characteristics of the participating young adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh,2015 –2016, ( n¼395) a. Characteristics n % Age (years) 18-20 184 46.621-24 211 53.4 Gender Male 190 48.1Female 205 51.9 Marital status Single 365 92.4Married or others 30 7.6 BMI Underweight 91 23.0Healthy weight 248 62.8Overweight 56 14.2 University type Public 163 41.3 Private 232 58.7 Mother's educational quali fication Up to secondary (or equivalent) 178 45.1Higher secondary (or equivalent) 84 21.3Tertiary (or equivalent) 133 33.7 Father's educational quali fication Up to secondary (or equivalent) 75 19.0 Higher secondary (or equivalent) 82 20.8Tertiary (or equivalent) 237 60.2 Mother's employment status Working 83 21.1Stay-at-home 310 78.9 Father's occupation Government/public service 103 27.9 Non-government/private service 63 17.1 Professional 31 8.4Self-employed/business 139 37.7Farmer/day labourer 33 8.9 Monthly gross family income (in BDT) * /C2020,000 74 19.0 20,001 –40,000 98 25.1 40,001 –70,000 125 32.1 >70,000 93 23.9 Living arrangement Living alone 15 3.8Living with parents (or other family members) 237 60.2Living with friends 142 36.0 Accommodation type University accommodation (i.e., dormitory) 83 21.0 Outside university 312 79.0 an¼395 includes those who participated in both Waves. *BDT¼Bangladeshi Taka (local currency); 10,000 BDT ¼120.52 United States dollar (USD) as of 29 Apr. 2018.R. Uddin et al. Sports Medicine and Health Science 3 (2021) 236 –242 238" 578 W3111174926.pdf 11 " MEETING ROSTER The roster for this review meeting is displayed as an aggregated roster that includes reviewers from multiple Center for Scientific Review Special Emphasis Panels of the AARR IRG for the 2015/01 council round. This roster is available at : http://www.csr.nih.gov/SummaryStatementRoster/AARR201501.pdf " 579 W4214862186.pdf 5 "1 3four Black/African American individuals lives below pov - erty, compared with one in twelve White American individu- als, and among individuals 125% below poverty line, 67.9% are Black/African American [57]. The neighborhood and housing environment of Black/ African Americans as a population, compared with the White population, reflects persisting patterns of inequity resulting from US policies and practices of residential segregation by race, redlining, and zoning and access restrictions that in turn determine the food environment and exposures to toxicity for Black/African Americans [ 66, 75–77]. Among persons residing in high poverty neighborhoods/census tracts in the USA (Table  4), 1 in 5 is African American, and among those residing in extreme poverty neighborhoods, 1 in 4 is Black/African American [58, 62]. Home ownership remains low among Black/African American adults [59, 60], due to ineq- uities in income, occupation, and wealth; residential segrega-tion practices; and mortgage denial rates. In 2020, although Black/African Americans comprised 12% of the US popu-lation, they comprised 39% of the homeless population, as compared with White Americans, who comprised 74% of the US population and 48% of the homeless population [78]. Inequity in access to food is also reflective of the patterns in income, poverty, and neighborhood environment, with the Black/African American population experiencing food inse-curity at three times the rate of the White population [61].Table 4 Ex amples of racial inequities in social determinants of health 1 Expansion s tates are those that expanded Medicaid by January 1, 2019. As of that date, there were 17 states that had not yet expanded MedicaidSocial determinant of health Black/African Americans White Americans Educational attainment (quantity)   High school or more [52] 89.4% 91.3%   Bachelor’s degree [52] 27.8% 37.5%   Advanced degree [65] 9.9% 14.0% Educational achievement (quality) [53]   Proficient literacy 23% 58%   Basic or below basic literacy 75% 42% Income and wealth   Median household income [57] $45,870 $71,231   Population below poverty [57] 19.5% 8.2%   Population 125% below the poverty line [57] 25.6% 11.0%   Median wealth [56] $24,100 $188,200 Employment and occupation   Unemployment rate [54] 11.4% 7.3%   Occupation [55]     Management, professional, and related occupations 9.7% 78.7%     Janitors, building cleaners 17.0% 74.7%     Baggage porters, bellhops 24.6% 61.1%     Means of transportation to work: Public transportation [63] 11.1% 3.1%     Workers without a vehicle at home [63] 9.5% 2.8% Neighborhood and housing   Among residents in high poverty neighborhoods/census tracts [58] 20% 4%   Among residents in extreme poverty neighborhoods/census tracts [62] 25.2% 7.5%   Home ownership rate [59] 45.3% 71.3%   Mortgage applications denied rate [60] 18.1% 6.9%   Among homeless persons [78] 39.4% 48.3%   Among homeless families with children [78] 53.1% 35.0% Food environment [61]   Food insecurity 21.7% 7.1%   Very low food insecurity 8.0% 3.0% Health care [64]   Working-age adults without health insurance coverage 14.2% 9.0%   Working-age adults without health insurance coverage, expansion s tate110.2% 6.9%   Working-age adults without health insurance coverage, non-expansion state 18.9% 13.0%122 Current Diabetes Reports (2022) 22:117–128" 580 W3092829855.pdf 4 "Высшее образование в России • № 8/9, 2020146 тры (показатели) в пределах установленной шкалы, например, от 0 до 5. На рисунке 2 при- ведены примеры таких финальных слайдов презентаций онлайн-опроса, проведённого среди обучающихся инженерных и творче-ских направлений подготовки по заверше-нии обучения по самой сложной, с их точ-ки зрения, дисциплине весеннего семестра («Сопротивление материалов»). Вопрос звучал следующим образом: «Насколько при изучении дисциплины Вам было…». По-добное анонимное голосование с помощью сервиса Мentimeter эффективно применя-лось как инструмент формирующего оцени-вания, когда было нужно определить общий уровень понимания темы, вопроса или сло-жившейся ситуации обучающимися в син-хронном режиме («здесь и сейчас»). Обрат-ная связь от обучающихся к преподавателям представлялась более важной, чем связь об-учающихся между собой. Все проведённые опросы имели ряд положительных свойств, так как позволяли голосующему избежать стереотипного мышления и выразить от-крыто личное мнение. Точность результатов возросла за счёт отсутствия давления, кри-тики или отрицательной оценки со стороны окружающих, а респондентам было легче выразить себя. Избегание откровенной об-ратной связи или неумение реализовать в ней критику конструктивно не связаны с чисто дидактическими причинами [5]. Как известно, психологические и социальные стереотипы громоздят социокультурные препятствия, мешающие переходу образова-тельных учреждений к правильному управ-лению учением и интерактивным методам обучения (ни то, ни другое немыслимо без обратной связи). Системный анализ подобных опросов по- зволил не столько дать объективную оцен-ку деятельности НПР, задействованных в преподавании дисциплины, сколько про-анализировать эффективность самого ин-терактивного взаимодействия участников учебного процесса друг с другом и со сре-дой обучения посредством разнообразных мультимедийных технологий [6]. При этом обнажались проблемы дистанционного об-разования в виде востребованности допол-нительной мотивации у студентов дистан-ционного обучения по сравнению с другими формами обучения, высокой зависимости от наличия технической инфраструктуры, трудоёмкости внесения оперативных изме-нений. Вместе с тем многократно подтверж-дено, что дистанционные технологии – это инструмент для реализации основных прин-ципов личностно-ориентированного подхо-да к обучению [7–9]. Чтобы повысить уровень овладения обу- чающимися универсальными компетенци-а) б) Рис. 2. Экранные формы онлайн-опроса обучающихся инженерных (а) и творческих (б) направлений подготовки в сервисе Мentimeter Fig. 2. Screen forms of an online survey of students majoring in engineering (a) and arts (b) with the use of Mentimeter service " 581 W3007037284.pdf 3 "nanometre scale is unknown for most synapses, primarily owing to technical difficulties to reliably map their precise spatial distribution. However, (M)Unc13 proteins were recently identified as a molecular marker of SV release sites ( Reddy-Alla et al., 2017 ;Sakamoto et al., 2018 ) and super- resolution (STED) microscopy revealed that these sites surround a cluster of voltage gated Ca2+ channels in the center of AZs of the glutamatergic Drosophila melanogaster neuromuscular junction (NMJ) ( Bo¨hme et al., 2016 ;Bo¨hme et al., 2019 ). Here, by relying on the unique advantage of being able to precisely map SV release site:Ca2+- channel topology we study its consequence for short-term plasticity at the Drosophila NMJ. Topolo- gies were measured using electron microscopy (EM) following high pressure freeze fixation (HPF) or STED microscopy of Unc13 which both revealed a broad distribution of Ca2+channel coupling dis- tances. Stochastic simulations were key to identify facilitation mechanisms in the light of heteroge- nous SV release site:Ca2+channel distances. Contrasting these simulations to physiological data revealed that models explaining STF through gradual increase in pV r(from now on called ‘pV r-based models’) are inconsistent with the experiment while models of activity-dependent regulation of the RRP account for STP profiles and synaptic variance. Results Distances between docked SVs and Ca2+channels are broadly distributed We first set out to quantify the SV release site:Ca2+channel topology. For this we analysed EM micrographs of AZ cross-sections and quantified the distance between docked SVs (i.e. SVs touching the plasma membrane) and the centre of electron dense ‘T-bars’ (where the voltage gated Ca2+ channels are located Fouquet et al. (2009) ;Kawasaki et al. (2004) ;Figure 1A ). In wildtype animals, this leads to a broad distribution of distances (‘EM dataset wildtype’, Figure 1—figure supplement 1A;Bo¨hme et al., 2016 ;Bruckner et al., 2017 ). At the Drosophila NMJ, the two isoforms Unc13A and –B confer SV docking and priming, but the vast majority ( ~95%) of neurotransmitter release and docking of SVs with short coupling distances is mediated by Unc13A ( Bo¨hme et al., 2016 ). We therefore investigated the docked SV distribution in flies expressing only the dominant Unc13A iso- form (Unc13A rescue, see Materials and methods for exact genotypes) which showed a very similar, broad distribution of distances as wildtype animals (‘EM-dataset Unc13A rescue’) ( Reddy-Alla et al., 2017 ;Figure 1A,B ). In both cases, distance distributions were well described by a Rayleigh distribu- tion ( Figure 1B ,Figure 1—figure supplement 1A , solid green lines). The EM micrographs studied here are a cut cross-section of a three-dimensional synapse. To derive the relevant coupling distance distribution for all release sites (including the ones outside the cross-section), the Rayleigh distribu- tion was integrated around a circle ( Figure 1C ), resulting in the following probability density function (pdf, see Materials and methods for derivation): g xð Þ¼ffiffiffi 2p ffiffiffiffipp/C1s3/C1x2/C1e/C0x2=2s2ð Þ These pdfs were more symmetrical than the ones from the cross-sections and peaked at larger distances (as expected from the increase in AZ area with increasing radius) ( Figure 1D ). The estima- tion of this pdf was very robust, resulting in near identical curves for the two EM datasets ( Figure 1— figure supplement 1B ). We also used an independent approach to investigate the distribution of docked SV:Ca2+channel coupling distances without relying on the integration of docked SV observations from cross-sections:Figure 1 continued The online version of this article includes the following source data and figure supplement(s) for figure 1: Source data 1. Source data for graphs in Figure 1 andFigure 1—figure supplement 1 . Source data 2. Matlab codes used for data analysis, original images, and instructions for analysis depicted in Figure 1 andFigure 1—figure supple- ment 1 . Figure supplement 1. EM + STED vesicle positions are consistent between independent datasets and overlapping with each other. Kobbersmed et al. eLife 2020;9:e51032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.51032 4 of 48Research article Neuroscience" 582 W2883364421.pdf 5 "Estimasi Biaya Konseptual pada Jembatan Beton dengan Metode Indeks Biaya – [Bagyo Mulyono] Dari Tabel- 3, terlihat bahwa IBJ tahun 2013 lebih kecil dibawah 0,94 dari tahun 2012, menunjukkan bahwa harga material, alat maupun tenaga kerja relative tidak terjadi perubahan. Disisi lain bahwa data proyek di tahun 2012 hanya terdapat satu data (Purbalingga) sehin gga akan mempengaruhi representatif populasi yang berpengaruh pada besarnya indeks. E. Model Estimasi Biaya Konseptual Angka Indeks biaya ini diplotkan kedalam sebuah grafik yang menghubungkan antara IBJ (sumbu-y) dan tahun (sumbu-x) , selanjutnya dibuat garis trendline. Model estimasi biaya konseptual tersaji dalam grafik hubungan jembatan dengan waktu (tahun anggaran). Gambar-3 . grafik hubungan biaya jembatan dengan waktu (tahun anggaran) Tabel-4. Perhitungan biaya jembatan dengan model dan nilai y = 100.540,56x 404.528.635,44x + 406.914.284.945,27 R² = 0,93 5.200.000,00 5.400.000,00 5.600.000,00 5.800.000,00 6.000.000,00 6.200.000,00 6.400.000,00 6.600.000,00 2012 2013 Biaya Jembatan per m2 (Rp) Tahun Data Awal Jembatan Lokasi Tahun Luas (m 2) BJ (Rp) Widoro Kebumen 2012 16,65 (4,5x3,7) 5.334.010,26 Kali Katal, Brebes- 2016 40,6 (7x5,8) 7,130,121.60 pada Jembatan Beton Bertulang [Bagyo Mulyono] 3, terlihat bahwa IBJ tahun 2013 lebih dibawah 0,94 dari tahun 2012, menunjukkan bahwa harga material, alat maupun tenaga kerja relative tidak terjadi perubahan. Disisi lain bahwa data proyek di tahun 2012 hanya terdapat satu data gga akan mempengaruhi representatif populasi yang berpengaruh pada Model Estimasi Biaya Konseptual Angka Indeks biaya ini diplotkan kedalam sebuah grafik yang menghubungkan antara IBJ , selanjutnya dibuat Model estimasi biaya konseptual tersaji dalam grafik hubungan biaya per m 2 embatan dengan waktu (tahun anggaran). jembatan dengan waktu (tahun anggaran) . Berdasarkan Gambar-3, model didapat dengan nilai R=0,93 adalah persamaan polynomial , yaitu: y= 100.540,56t + 406.914.286.088,58 dengan t F. Pengujian Validasi Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar nilai kesalahan dari pemodelan estimasi maka dilakukan uji validitas. Uji dilakukan dengan dengan memasukkan data tahun anggaran pada persamaan, kemudian dari hasil persamaan dikalikan 110% (biaya per m 2 jembatan yang memperhitungkan PPN). Dari harga per m 2 jembatan rencana (pxl ). Seberapa besar akurasi dari model ini dihitung dengan mencari nilai error . Nilai error yang dimaksud adalah perbandingan antara selisih biaya konseptual RAB awal dibagi dengan RAB Berdasarkan Tabel-4, Untuk Jembatan Widoro setelah di validasi didapat nilai Nilai error didapat dari selisih dibagi biaya awal (mengacu Tabel-1). Untuk Kali Katal Brebes nilai error sebesar - 20,60%. jembatan Kali Katal Brebes proyek terletak di luar populas eks Karesidenan Tegal, sehingga harga material, tenaga kerja dan alat juga berbeda yang pada biaya proyek. Dari hasil validasi dari kedua proyek, bahwa model mempunyai akura rentang estimasi -30 s.d. + 50%. . Perhitungan biaya jembatan dengan model dan nilai error. y = 100.540,56x 2- 404.528.635,44x + 406.914.284.945,27 R² = 0,93 2014 2015 Tahun Besarnya Biaya dengan Model Selisih (Rp) BJ i (Rp) BJ ix110% (Rp) BJ i. L (Rp) 5.334.010,26 5.867.411,29 97.692.397,91 (2.308.108,85) 7,130,121.60 7,843,133.76 318,431,230.66 (82,592,304.32) 110 model trendline terbaik dengan nilai R=0,93 adalah persamaan 100.540,56t 2- 404.528.636,58t dengan t = Tahun. seberapa besar nilai kesalahan dari pemodelan estimasi maka dilakukan Uji dilakukan dengan dengan anggaran pada persamaan, kemudian dari hasil persamaan dikalikan 110% jembatan yang memperhitungkan 2 dikalikan dengan luas ). Seberapa besar tingkat model ini dihitung dengan mencari nilai yang dimaksud adalah biaya konseptual dengan RAB awal. Untuk Jembatan Widoro nilai error sebesar -2,31%. Nilai error didapat dari selisih dibagi biaya awal Untuk Kali Katal Brebes didapat 20,60%. Nilai error proyek Kali Katal Brebes cukup besar karena terletak di luar populas i kajian yaitu daerah eks Karesidenan Tegal, sehingga harga material, tenaga kerja dan alat juga berbeda yang berpengaruh Dari hasil validasi dari kedua mempunyai akura si dalam 50%. Selisih (Rp) Error Value (%) (2.308.108,85) -2,31 (82,592,304.32) - 20,60" 583 W3021959445.pdf 2 "Proof.Letx∈[a, b]. HÇ_hen, for t∈[a, x)andσ≥1, we have the following inequality: (x−t)σ−1Ec,δ,k,c μ,σ,lω(x −t)μ;p " 584 W4312690179.pdf 4 "Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Industri Peternakan 2022, 2 ( 2): 30-36 https://jurnal.umsrappang.ac.id/jstip e-ISSN (2775 -7889) 34 tidak menggunakan hashtag seperti pada akun instagramnya. Pada akun TikTok @nfcrappang, memiliki pengikut sebanyak 65 dan tampilan terbanyak yaitu 1.549 tampilan. Kegiatan promosi yang dilakukan oleh Nur Fried Chicken di akun TikToknya yaitu berupa video -video menarik tentang Nur Fried Chicken. Seperti, video produk, video podcast, dan lain -lain. Selain via social media, kegiatan di rect marketing diselipkan dalam akunInstagram yakni mencantumkan nomor whatsaap, dan alamat lokasi Nur Fried Chicken, jadwal atau waktu buka dan tutup Nur Fried Chicken dan juga link tiktok Nur Fried Chicken. Pesan dan informasi yang disampaikan oleh Nur F ried Chicken kepada konsumen pada akun Instagram mengandung unsur informasional dan emosional. Informasional karena dalam terdapat nama brand dan juga harga dari produk yang sedang dipromosikan. Emosional karena di setiap unggahan menggunakan kalimat -kalim at positif dan lucu. Selain itu hashtag disertakan dalam setiap unggahan. Tanda pagar yang dibuat adalah #nfc, #nurfriedchicken, #chicken, #crispy, #crispychicken, dan #geprek yang dicantumkan pada unggahan yang berisi foto - foto produk Nur Fried Chicken. Tujuan dari pemberian hashtag #nfc dan #nurfriedchicken, ini adalah untuk memudahkan konsumen dalam melakukan pencarian terhadap toko ataupun produk dari Nur Fried Chicken. Cafe Bonaparte Instagram selain berfungsi untuk memberikan informasi secara langsung melalui postingan, juga bertanggung jawab untuk memberikan promosi Bonaparte Coffe House melalui akun Instagram @bonaparte_coffe_house yang dilakukan oleh owner yang mengoperasikan akun Instagram @bonaparte_coffe_house. Kegiatan pokok tersebut telah dilakukan oleh pengelolah media akun Instagram @ bonaparte_coffe_house dan dibuktikan dengan beberapa hasil postingan kegiatan, pengunjung dan menu. Kegiatan pokok pengelola akun Instagram @ bonaparte_coffe_house yang kedua adalah mengabadikan setiap Foto custumer yang datang ke Bonaparte Coffe house. Pesatnya perkembangan Facebook, dengan jumlah penggunanya yang besar, menawarkan peluang yang sangat menarik bagi semua orang, terutama bagi pa ra pebisnis. Pengguna dapat melakukan aktivitas pemasaran yang lebih baik tanpa mengeluarkan uang. Facebook kemudian memberi pengguna ruang iklan untuk memasarkan atau mempromosikan produk seperti pakaian, sepatu, produk kecantikan, dan bahkan jasa. Kerumu nan ada di sana, dan ada banyak pembeli potensial. Kemudian muncul peluang bisnis, yakni dengan menawarkan tawaran pekerjaan kepada calon pelanggan untuk mengumpulkan dan menjalankan aktivitas di Facebook, Facebook juga bisa menjadi media promosi layanan y ang sangat sederhana dan murah karena bisa menjangkau pasar global Gambar 2. Wawancara owner Cafe Bonaparte Warung Kedaita Promosi yang dilakukan Kedaita Sidrap melalui media social instagram dan facebook. Menurut Sudrajat (2016) perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang terus meningkat, setiap tahun jumlah pengguna internet di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia semakin meningkat. Selain Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Path, Line dan BBM yang merupakan sosial media favorit masyarakat Indonesia, Instagram merupakan salah satu sosial media yang berkembang pesat. Dengan semakin banyaknya pengguna, Instagram menjadi peluang besar bagi para pebisnis untuk beriklan. Kedaita Sidrap juga melakukan promosi di Instagram dan Facebook. Akun Instagram yang dimili ki yaitu @kedaita_sidrap dengan jumlah pengikutnya mencapai 2.032. dengan postingan sebanyak 240 postingan dengan jumalah like yang didapatkan berjumnlah mulai dari 5 samapi 60 jumlah like. Dalam kegiatan promosinya di akun instagram Kedaita Sidrap menggun akan Bahasa Indonesia, tujuan dialakukannya promosi pada akun Instagram @kedaita_sidrap adalah untuk memperkenalkan Minuman Kedaita Sidrap kepada lebih banyak orang dan memberitahukan menu apa saja yang tersedia di Kedaita Sidrap serta jenis harga minuman yang ada. Kedaita Sidrap mulai beroperasi di instagram pada tanggal 1 Maret 2020. Kegiatan promosi yang dilakukan oleh Kedaita Sidrap di akun Instagramnya yaitu berupa postingan Gambar menu, vidio promosi menu baru, semua jenis foto Minuman,dan Diskon har ga pada hari - hari tertentu. Selain itu hestag digunakan pada beberapa unggahan tanda pagar yang dibuat adalah #rasabaru digunakan pada foto yang " 585 W4389056401.pdf 15 "Molecules 2023 ,28, 7781 16 of 18 4.2.6. Quantum Yield Measurements Solid-state emission quantum yields were recorded using a Quanta- 'F-3029 integra- tion sphere from Horiba plugged into a Horiba Fluorolog III, sourced from Horiba Ltd., Kyoto, Japan. 4.2.7. Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence Measurements Steady-state emission spectra and luminescence quantum yield measurements were recorded on a Horiba Jobin-Yvon (HJY) Fluorolog-3 (FL3-2iHR550) fluorescence spectroflu- orometer equipped with an IR R928P PMT/HJY FL-1073 detector and with an integrating sphere sourced from HORIBA Europe Research Center, Palaiseau 91120, France. Low temperature measurements were allowed by using an OptistatCF (Oxford Inst.) in the range of 77 K to 300 K sourced from Oxford Instruments, Abingdon OX13 5QX, United Kingdom. Excited-state lifetimes in the range of 80 K to 300 K were measured with a delta hub (TCSPC: Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting) + delta diode system, allowing us to measure excited-state lifetimes between 500 ps and 10 sand, and with a pulsed xenon source (FL-1035), allowing us to measure excited-state lifetimes longer than 10 s. Solid samples were placed in a quartz sample holder inside the cryostat and maintained at the desired temperature until equilibrium was reached before recording the spectrum. The experimental data were then fitted according to equation 1 where obs,S1,T1, kB, T, and DESTrepresent the observed lifetime, singlet state decay lifetime, triplet state decay lifetime, Boltzmann constant, temperature, and singlet-triplet energy difference, respectively [32]. 5. Conclusions This systematic investigation has tackled the very challenging topic of anticipating the nature of the coordination products between a soft metal halide, in this case CuI, and a soft ditopic ligand, in this case diphosphine of the type Ph 2P(CH 2)mPPh 2(1m8). We have found a strong stoichiometric dependence, where ligand-poor mixtures form globular complexes preferentially, and vice-versa. We have also found that short-bite ligands form globular SBUs preferentially. Moreover, there is a marked preference for all reaction mixtures used towards 0D complexes. Finally, a prediction tool using emission and excited state lifetimes as markers has been developed for the prediction of globular vs. quasi -planar motifs in unidentified CuI-diphosphine complexes. Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules28237781/s1, Figures S1–S177: supplementary data; Table S1: PL decay lifetimes for all compounds. Crystal structures can be accessed from the Cambridge crystallographic database: www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/structures/ [accessed on 24 November 2023] under accession codes 2304966; 2304967; 2304968; 2304969. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.B., A.S. and P .D.H.; methodology, L.B., A.S. and P .D.H.; software, L.B. and A.S.; validation, L.B., A.S., D.F. and P .D.H.; formal analysis, L.B., A.S., D.F. and P .D.H.; investigation, L.B., A.S. and D.F.; resources, C.L. and P .D.H.; data curation, L.B., A.S. and D.F.; writing—original draft preparation, L.B. and P .D.H.; writing—review and editing, L.B. and P .D.H.; visualization, L.B., A.S. and P .D.H.; supervision, C.L. and P .D.H.; project administration, L.B. and P .D.H.; funding acquisition, L.B., C.L. and P .D.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: L.B.: D.F., A.S. and P .D.H. acknowledge the financial support given to this research by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC—CRSNG) of Canada (RGPIN- 2019-05289). L.B. acknowledges the financial support given to him by the Fonds de Recherche du Québec—Nature et Technologies (FRQNT) (342862) for the completion of this study. A.S. and C.L. acknowledge the support of the CNRS, the ANR (ANR PRCSMAC and ANR PRCI SUPRALUM), the French “Minist ère de l’Enseignement Sup érieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation” and the French “Minist ère des Affaires Étrang ères”. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable." 586 W2761802825.pdf 6 "45ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ UROVEST.RUвого синдрома , требующего введения как нарко - тических , так и ненаркотических анальгетиков , а также с активация мочевой инфекции не зависят от размера конкрементов . Макрогематурия , по- чечные гематомы и повышение уровня креати - нина крови в сравнении с исходным чаще встре - чаются у пациентов с камнями размерами > 15 мм (р <0,05) (табл . 7). В исследовании не отмечена взаимосвязь послеоперационной гипертермии от уровня лейкоцитов как в крови , так и в моче , при этом выявлена прямая зависимость между послеопе - рационным увеличением уровня сывороточного креатинина и количеством лейкоцитов в крови (r=0,48; р<0,01). Заключение Таким образом , основанная на применении электромагнитных волн ДЛТ является эффектив - ным и безопасным методом монотерапии боль - ных с простыми лоханочными конкрементами . Наши результаты показывают , что применение ДЛТ при такого рода камнях позволяет добиться их дезинтеграции и полного отхождения за одну госпитализацию в 68,2% наблюдений , а клини - ческая эффективность электромагнитной ДЛТ простых лоханочных камней достоверно связана с их размерами : при камнях ≤15мм к 3 месяцу мониторинга она достигает 96,0%, а при камнях >15мм – 82,8 %. Полное разрушение камня при его размерах ≤ 15 мм происходит в ¾ случаев за 1-2 сеанса ДЛТ, а резидуальные фрагменты опре - деляются через 3 месяца только в 4% наблюде - ний. Напротив , эффективность ДЛТ крупных ло- ханочных камней > 15 мм достоверно ниже : всем больным требуется более 1 сеанса дробления . Освобождение чашечно -лоханочной системы от камней происходит существенно медленнее , а через 3 месяца в 17,2% случаев имеют место ре- зидуальные камни , что требует применения еще сеансов ДЛТ либо перехода на эндоскопическую хирургию . Также доказано , что уровень и тяжесть осложнений ДЛТ выше при камнях лоханки >15 мм в сравнении с камнями , имеющими диаметр < 15 мм. Выводы ДЛТ простых лоханочных камней размером ≤ 15 мм может быть рекомендована как первая ли- ния лечения с высокой клинической эффективно - стью , а ДЛТ простых лоханочных камней разме - ром > 15мм и плотностью до 1000 HU отличается медленной дезинтеграцией камня , длительным периодом освобождения мочевых путей от кам- ней, высокой частотой резидуальных конкре - ментов , в связи с чем может рассматриваться как одна из опций при выборе способа лечения . Исследование не имело спонсорской под- держки . Авторы заявляют об отсутствии кон- фликта интересов . 1. Seitz C, Fajkovic H. Epidemiological gender-speci fi c as- pects in urolithiasis. World J Urol. 2013;31(5):1087-92. doi: 10.1007/s00345-013-1140-1 2. Константинова О.В., Шадеркина В.А. Эпидемиологи - ческая оценка мочекаменной болезни в амбулатор - ной урологической практике . Экспериментальная и клиническая урология . 2015;1:11-14. 3. Аполихин О.И., Сивков А.В., Москалева Н.Г.., Солнце - ва Т.В., Комарова В.А. Анализ уронефрологической заболеваемости и смертности в Российской Федера - ции за десятилетний период (2002-2012 гг.) по дан- ным официальной статистики . Экспериментальная и клиническая урология . 2014;2:4-13. 4. Коган М.И., Хасигов А.В., Белоусов И.И., Боташев М.И. Эффективность эндоскопической хирургии и дистан - ционной литотрипсии коралловидного нефролитиа - за: монотерапия и комбинированная терапия . Совре - менные проблемы науки и образования . 2012;3:11. 5. Доступно по: http://www.science-education.ru/103- 6093 Ссылка активна на 05.06.2017. 6. Хасигов А.В., Хажоков М.А., Белоусов И.И., Коган М.И. Дистанционная литотрипсия или перкутанная нефро -ЛИТЕРАТУРА REFERENCES 1. Seitz C, Fajkovic H. Epidemiological gender-speci fi c as- pects in urolithiasis. World J Urol. 2013;31(5):1087-92. doi: 10.1007/s00345-013-1140-1 2. Konstan Ɵ nova OV, Shaderkina VA. Epidemiological evaluaƟ on of the urolithiasis in outpa Ɵ ent prac Ɵ cy. Eksperimental’naya i klinicheskaya urologiya. 2015;1:11- 14. (In Russ.) 3. Apolikhin OI, Sivkov AV, Moskaleva NG, Solntseva TV, Komarova VA. Analysis of the uronephrological morbid-ity and mortality in the Russian Federa Ɵ on during the 10-year period (2002-2012) according to the o ffi cial staƟ sƟ cs. Eksperimental’naya i klinicheskaya urologiya. 2014;2:4-13. (In Russ.) 4. Kogan MI, Khasigov AV, Belousov II, Botashev MI. The effi cacy of endoscopy and shock-wave lithotripsy in staghorn nephrolithiasis: monotherapy and combined therapy. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2012;3:11. (In Russ.) 5. Available at: h Ʃ p://www.science-educa Ɵ on.ru/103- 6093 Accessed June 05, 2017. 6. Khasigov AV, Khajokov MA, Belousov II, Kogan MI. Shock- wave lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy in А.В. Хасигов, М.А. Ха жоков, А.В. Ильяш, В.П. Глухов, Ю.Л. Набока, И.А. Гудима ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ДИСТАНЦИОННОЙ УДАРНО-ВОЛНОВОЙ ЛИТОТРИПСИИ ПРОСТЫХ ЛОХАНОЧНЫХ КАМНЕЙ Вестник урологии Urology Herald2017;5(3):39-48" 587 W4214580018.pdf 2 "tions with diffusion. Numerous references are provided for readers interested in these topics. To study the book, a basic background in functional analysis is needed, but all further tools that are used are introduced in the twoMathematical Toolbox chapters. The theory presented there is rather detailed and complete in the sense that the assumptions on the initial data and the rate coefficients are very general and the proofs are presented in full detail. These two volumes provide an informative, extensive and inspiring introduction to the subject accessible to all researchers from graduate students to experienced scientists. Jacek Banasiak, Wilson Lamb and Philippe Laurençot, Analytic Methods for Coagulation-Fragmentation Models, Volumes I+II. CRC Press, 2019, 676 pages, Hardback ISBN 978-0-367-23544-4 (set). Barbara Niethammer is a professor at the Institute for Applied Mathematics at the University of Bonn. Her research focuses on the analysis of problems with multiple scales and high-dimensional dynamical systems as well as the study of long-time behaviour in models of mass aggregation. niethammer@iam.uni-bonn.de DOI 10.4171/MAG-77 Interfaces and Free Boundaries is dedicated to the mathematical modelling, analysis and computation of interfaces and free boundary problems in all areas where such phenomena are pertinent. The journal aims to be a forum where mathematical analysis, partial differential equations, modelling, scientifi c computing and the various applications which involve mathematical modelling meet. Submissions should, ideally, emphasize the combination of theory and application. Editors Antonin Chambolle (CNRS and Université Paris-Dauphine) Charles M. Elliott (University of Warwick) Harald Garcke (Universität Regensburg) José Francisco Rodrigues (Universidade de Lisboa) For more details visit ems.press/ifbAll issues of Volume/uni00A024 (2022) are accessible as open access under EMS Press’ Subscribe to Open programme. ems.press/ifbInterfaces and Free Boundaries Mathematical Analysis, Computation and Applications EMS Press is an imprint of the European Mathe- matical Society – EMS – Publishing House GmbH Straße des 17. Juni 136/uni00A0| 10623 Berlin | Germany https://ems.press/uni00A0| subscriptions@ems.press Interfaces and Free Boundaries Mathematical Analysis, Computation and Applications Interfaces and Free Boundaries IFBVol. / No. / pp.– /IFBVol. / No. / pp.– / Interfaces and Free Boundaries ISSN 1463-9963 https://ems.pressContents 1 1 1 1 1 ADVERTISEMENT 56 EMS MAGAZINE 123 (2022)" 588 W3193656686.pdf 3 "Table 4. Calculated and analyzed nutrient composition of experimental diets (g/kg, as fed basis). SID Ca3.3 3.9 4.4 5.0 5.5 SID P 4.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 SID Ca: SID P 0.84 0.67 0.56 0.97 0.78 0.65 1.11 0.89 0.74 1.25 1.00 0.83 1.39 1.11 0.92 Total Ca 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 11.0Non-phytate P 3.37 4.87 6.38 3.37 4.87 6.39 3.38 4.88 6.39 3.38 4.88 6.40 3.39 4.89 6.40 Total Ca: Non-phytate P 2.08 1.44 1.10 2.37 1.64 1.25 2.66 1.85 1.41 2.96 2.05 1.56 3.25 2.25 1.72 Dry matter 883 882 878 882 881 878 880 879 876 879 878 875 878 877 873AME (kcal/kg) 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000Crude protein 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220Digestible protein 179 179 179 179 179 179 179 179 179 179 179 179 179 179 179Starch 356 354 347 353 351 344 350 348 340 347 345 337 344 342 334Crude fat 47.9 48.9 52.2 49.3 50.3 53.6 50.7 51.7 55.0 52.1 53.1 56.4 53.5 54.5 57.8 Crude fiber 28.3 28.2 28.1 28.2 28.2 28.0 28.2 28.1 27.9 28.1 28.0 27.9 28.0 28.0 27.8 Total Ca 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 11.0SID Ca 3.33 3.33 3.33 3.88 3.88 3.88 4.43 4.43 4.43 4.98 4.98 4.98 5.53 5.53 5.53Total P 5.30 6.80 8.30 5.30 6.80 8.30 5.30 6.80 8.30 5.30 6.80 8.30 5.30 6.80 8.30Phytate P 1.93 1.93 1.92 1.93 1.93 1.91 1.92 1.92 1.91 1.92 1.92 1.90 1.91 1.91 1.90SID P 4.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 Chloride 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Sodium 2.3 2.3 3.3 2.3 2.3 3.3 2.3 2.3 3.3 2.3 2.3 3.3 2.3 2.3 3.3Potassium 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11Choline (mg/kg) 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700Dig. threonine 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60 8.60Dig. alanine 8.13 8.12 8.09 8.12 8.11 8.08 8.10 8.10 8.07 8.09 8.08 8.06 8.08 8.07 8.05Dig. valine 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 9.60 Dig. isoleucine 7.29 7.29 7.30 7.30 7.30 7.30 7.30 7.30 7.31 7.30 7.30 7.31 7.30 7.30 7.31 Dig. leucine 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 14.9 15.0 15.0 14.9 15.0 14.9 14.9Dig. lysine 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8Dig. arginine 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6Dig. cysteine 2.93 2.93 2.92 2.93 2.93 2.91 2.92 2.92 2.91 2.92 2.92 2.90 2.91 2.91 2.90Dig. methionine 6.57 6.57 6.58 6.57 6.57 6.59 6.58 6.58 6.59 6.58 6.58 6.60 6.59 6.59 6.60 Dig. methionine + cysteine 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 Analyzed values 1 Dry matter 883 882 878 882 881 878 880 879 876 879 878 875 878 877 873Total Ca 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.9 7.7 7.8 8.2 9.2 9.1 11.2 10.7 10.2 11.4 11.6 11.0Total P 5.5 7.5 8.7 5.6 7.1 8.6 6.9 7.4 9.0 6.8 7.5 8.7 5.9 7.6 8.9 Abbreviations: AME, apparent metabolisable energy; Ca, calcium; Dig., digestible; P, phosphorous; SID, standardized ileal digestible. 1Samples were analyzed in triplicate.4 DAVID ET AL." 589 W4307445435.pdf 18 "Table 6. Comparison of the LWC 12to the tunnel LWC and LWC 8The values of test points that were measured multiple times were averaged. Test point Tunnel MVD [µ m]LWC 8/Tunnel LWC LWC 12/Tunnel LWC ε12mm 522 BIWT 16 0.94 1.07 0.49 521 BIWT 18 0.93 1.16 0.53 524 BIWT 24 1.02 1.06 0.61 U13 RTA 24 1.10 1.10 0.66 525 BIWT 34 1.06 1.07 0.72 537 BIWT 61 1.25 1.21 0.70 U15 RTA 102 0.91 0.89 0.85 U18 RTA 102 0.98 0.95 0.84 TP7 RTA 534 1.02 0.95 0.90 TP8 RTA 534 1.02 0.91 0.90 8 Conclusions This work investigates the performance of a new, 12 mm diameter TWC cone of the Nevzorov probe using data collected in three different IWTs. We compared the LWC measured with the 12 mm cone to the measurements of the Hotwire and the 8 mm cone of the Nevzorov probe as well as to the tunnel LWC. We found that a large correction needs to be applied to 370 compensate for the low droplet collision efficiency of the cone. We experimentally derived this collision efficiency for three different air speeds using test points with MVDs between 12 and 58 µ m. For the shape of the collision efficiency curve we prescribed the functional form suggested in Korolev et al. (1998b). In order to obtain the highest accuracy, we used the droplet size distributions of each individual test point for the derivation. We verified the capability of the 12 mm cone to collect SLD through a comparison with the tunnel reference instrumentation, which included a WCM-2000 and an IKP. The results indicate 375 that the 12 mm cone has better droplet collection properties than the WCM-2000 when the droplet size exceeds 200 µ m. Even in FZRA conditions, the 12 mm cone does not suffer from any significant losses of LWC, instead our comparison showed a good agreement to the values of the IKP. The 12 mm cone also appears to be better suited for the collection of SLD than the 8 mm cone, because it measured slightly but consistently higher LWC values. The difference between the two cones is however still within their mutual uncertainty range. 380 We subsequently applied the new collision efficiency correction to measurements collected with the 12 mm cone in bimodal distributions and compared the resulting LWCs to those of the 8 mm cone and the tunnel LWC. The comparison showed an agreement within ±20% with the tunnel LWC for all but one test point, highlighting the ability of the 12 mm cone to provide accurate measurements across the entire size range of Appendix O conditions. We observed that some inaccuracies remain in the computed curves at small droplet diameters and caution should therefore be exercised when using the 12 mm cone in 385 conditions that contain strong small droplet modes. For such conditions the collision efficiency curve for the 12 mm cone may 19https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-647 Preprint. Discussion started: 24 August 2022 c Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4.0 License. " 590 W2781886741.pdf 0 "British Journal of Management, Vol. 32, 219–234 (2021) DOI: 10.1111/1467-8551.12385 Embracing Indeterminacy: On Being a Liminal Professional CaraReed and Robyn Thomas Cardiff University, Cardiff Business School, Aberconway Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK Corresponding author email: reedcj1@cardiff.ac.uk The rise of the corporate profession has contributed to a more varied and ambiguous professional terrain that is increasingly seen to be indeterminate and fluid. This paper advances the current debate around the development of corporate professions, exploring how practitioners respond to this environment. Drawing on research with public relations practitioners, the paper shows how the idea of being a liminar facilitates the formation of a professional identity in conditions of high indeterminacy. In taking an individual level of analysis of professions, the paper suggests that indeterminacy is a more resonant feature for corporate professionals than previously suggested in the research, but that this inde- terminacy is navigated in professional identity construction through ‘being a liminar’, and thus greater nuance may need to be recognized in the conceptualization of both corporate professions and corporate professionalization. It also demonstrates the use of liminal- ity as a discursive resource in identity construction and with it, challenges the common association of liminality with self-doubt and existential anxiety. In turn, the paper con- siders the implications of the liminal professional identity for the future of contemporary professions, and for understanding the liminal experience. Introduction Increasingly, the traditional professional model has been challenged (Freidson, 2001; Macdonald, 2006;Reed,2007;SavageandWilliams,2008)and withitamorevariedprofessionalterrainhasdevel- oped,particularlywiththeemergenceofcorporate professions (Ackroyd, 2016; Heusinkveld et al., 2018; Hodgson, Paton and Muzio, 2015; Kipping and Kirkpatrick, 2013; Kipping, Kirkpatrick and Muzio, 2006; Paton and Hodgson, 2016; Paton, Hodgson and Muzio, 2013). Corporate professions pursue professionalization differently to established professions, where the corporation is considered to be a more dominant stake- holder (Kipping, Kirkpatrick and Muzio, 2006; WegratefullyacknowledgethePRpractitionersthatgave theirtimetotalkabouttheirexperiencesasprofessionals. Wewouldalsoliketothankthereviewersfortheirhelpin refiningthepaper. ThisresearchwasfundedbyanESRCstudentship,refer- ence number ES/G036268/1.Muzioet al., 2011). Reflecting the institutional focus of work in this area so far, the indication from research into corporate professionalization suggeststhatcompeting‘collegial’and‘corporate’ logics (Hodgson, Paton and Muzio, 2015) have to be navigated by expert occupations. There have been calls to explore further corporate professionalism across a greater range of corpo- rate professions (Muzio and Kirkpatrick, 2011; Muzioet al., 2011) and with greater focus on the consequences of this professionalism for the prac- titioner (Hodgson, Paton and Muzio, 2015). This paper adds to this body of knowledge, exploring aspectsofprofessionalpracticebypublicrelations (PR)professionals. Liminality has become a popular concept in studies on work organizations as it offers a lens through which to analyse indeterminacy, precar- ityandinsecurityacrossdifferentemploymentsec- tors in contemporary workplaces (S ¨oderlund and Borg, 2018), serving as ‘a prism through which to understand transformations in the contemporary C/circlecopyrt2019TheAuthors.BritishJournalofManagementpublishedbyJohnWiley&SonsLtdonbehalfofBritishAcademy of Management. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA, 02148, USA. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distri- bution and reproductionin any medium,provided theoriginalwork isproperlycited. " 591 W2414348384.pdf 5 "www.nature.com/scientificreports/6 Scientific RepoRts | 6:19935 | DOI: 10.1038/srep19935microcantilever is maintained to be 1 mm. The vibration of the microcantilever was monitored by a laser Doppler vibrometer (Model OFV-5000/534, Polytec, Germany), equipped with a lock-in amplifier (Model EG&G 7260, Signal recovery, USA). The experimental data were collected by a data acquisition card (Model PCI- 6111, NI, USA) and processed by a PC. References 1. Dohn, S., Hansen, O. & Boisen, A. Cantilever based mass sensor with hard contact readout. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 264104; doi: 10.1063/1.2217161 (2006). 2. Sahin, O., Magonov, S., Su, C., Quate, C. F. & Solgaard, O. An atomic force microscope tip designed to measure time-varying nanomechanical forces. Nat. Nanotechnol . 2, 507–514 (2007). 3. C., Yim. et al. CO2-Selective Nanoporous Metal-Organic Framework Microcantilevers. Sci. Rep . 5, 10674; doi: 10.1038/srep10674 (2015). 4. Shibata, M., Uchihashi, T., Ando, T. & Ryohei, Y . Long-tip high-speed atomic force microscopy for nanometer-scale imaging in live cells. Sci. Rep . 5, 8724; doi: 10.1038/srep08724 (2015). 5. Huefner, M. et al. Microcantilever Q control via capacitive coupling. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 173110; doi: 10.1063/1.4764025 (2012). 6. Gaillard, J., Skove, M., Ciocan, R. & Rao, A. M. Electrical detection of oscillations in microcantilevers and nanocantilevers. Rev. Sci. Instrum . 77, 073907; doi: 10.1063/1.2219750 (2006). 7. Vinante, A., Wijts, G., Usenko, O., Schinkelshoek, L. & Osterkamp, T. Magnetic resonance force microscopy of paramagnetic electron spins at millikelvin temperatures. Nat. Commun. 2, 572; doi:10.1038/ncomms1581 (2011). 8. Hube, T., Abell, B., Mellema, D., Spletzer, M. & Raman, A. Mode-selective noncontact excitation of microcantilevers and microcantilever arrays in air using the ultrasound radiation force. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 214101; doi: 10.1063/1.3521256 (2010). 9. Evans, D. R. et al. Laser Actuation of Cantilevers for Picometre Amplitude Dynamic Force Microscopy. Sci. Rep. 4, 5567; doi: 10.1038/srep05567 (2014). 10. Y amashita, H. et al. Tip-sample distance control using photothermal actuation of a small cantilever for high-speed atomic force microscopy. Rev. Sci. Instrum . 78, 083702; doi: 10.1063/1.2766825 (2007). 11. Feng., Z., B. et al. Resonant actuation of microcantilever by pulse wave of one-nth the resonant frequency. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 061901; doi: 10.1063/1.4742859 (2012). 12. Masolin, A., Bouchard, P . O., Martini, R. & Bernack, M. Thermo-mechanical and fracture properties in single-crystal Silicon. J. Mater. Sci . 48, 979–988 (2013). 13. V’azquez, J., Sanz, P . & Rojas, J. L. S. Behaviour of forbidden modes in the impedance characterization and modeling of piezoelectric microcantilevers. Sensor Actuat A-Phys . 136, 417–425(2007). 14. Akhatov, I. et al. In Springer Handbook of Acoustics . (ed. Rossing, T. D.) 940–941 (Springer, 2007) 15. Hall, J. F. Problems encountered from the use (or misuse) of Rayleigh damping. EARTHQ ENG STRUCT D . 35, 525–545(2006). 16. Kim, B. et al. Temperature Dependence of Quality Factor in MEMS Resonators. J. Microelectromech. Syst . 17, 755–766 (2008). 17. Rousset, G., Charbonnier, F. & Lepoutre, F. Calculation of thermoelastic bendings of thin plates application to thermal diffusivities measurements. J. Phys. Colloques . 44, 39–42 (1983). 18. Yi, J. W ., Shih, W . Y . & Shih, W . H. Effect of length, width, and mode on the mass detection sensitivity of piezoelectric unimorph cantilevers. J. Appl. Phys . 91, 1680–1686 (2002). 19. Hosaka, H., Itao, K. & Kuroda, S. Damping characteristics of beam-shaped micro-oscillators. Sens. Actuators A . 49, 87–95 (1995). 20. Ibach, H. Adsorbate - induced surface stress. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A . 12, 2240–2245 (1994). Figure 5. (a) Measured and calculated vibration amplitudes as a function of distance between the microcantilever and the Al foil. The laser power radiated on the Al foil was 200 mW . (b) The horizontal displacement of the air particles under the interaction of the standing wave. The motion of the air particles is in the direction parallel to the direction of energy transportation of the longitude wave." 592 W4286321682.pdf 4 "Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan , V ol. 7, Nomor 1, Maret 2022 Copyright © 2022 Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan260 waris termasuk jenis surat di bawah tangan yang memerlukan pejabat khusus untuk membuat dan mengesahkannya agar memiliki kekuatan hukum (Setiawan, 2019). Surat keterangan ahli waris dapat digunakan sebagai alat bukti selama proses pembuatannya sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Surat keterangan ahli waris bagi golongan WNI asli belum diatur dalam kebijakan mengenai tata naskah maupun bentuk surat keterangan. Surat keterangan ahli waris merupakan sebuah pernyataan yang bersifat deklaratif yaitu pernyataan keputusan para ahli yang memutuskan sebagai ahli waris dari pewaris (Erwinsyahbana & Harmita, 2017). Kewenangan Notaris dalam membuat surat keterangan ahli waris dibatasi hanya untuk WNI keturunan Tionghoa yang berbentuk akta otentik (Yoga, Kusumadara, & Kawuryan, 2018). Pembuatan surat keterangan ahli waris bagi WNI asli didasarkan kepada hukum adat dan hukum agama dari para ahli warisnya (Sudaryanto, 2010). Pembuatan surat keterangan ahli waris untuk WNI asli juga banyak format dan jenisnya karena tidak adanya kesatuan hukum. Surat keterangan ahli waris bagi WNI asli yang dibuat oleh kepala desa/lurah diberi judul dengan kalimat “Surat Keterangan Ahli Waris” dan isinya lebih mengarah kepada surat pernyataan. Judul surat keterangan ahli waris selama ini tidak sesuai dengan isinya sehingga menimbulkan berbagai perbedaan persepsi. Isi surat keterangan ahli waris setidaknya harus benar-benar mewakili para ahli waris. Pembuatan surat dalam teori administrasi harus ada syarat formil dan materiil (Yusuf & Anam, 2021). Mekanisme pembuatan surat keterangan ahli waris tentu saja secara formalitas tidak sesuai dengan aturan yang ada. Pembuatan surat keterangan ahli waris seharusnya dari para pihak ahli waris sendiri bukan dari pihak desa. Pembuatan surat keterangan ahli waris yang tidak sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku dapat mencederai legalitas serta adanya perbedaan kewenangan. Ketidaksesuaian pihak yang membuat surat keterangan ahli waris secara tidak langsung dapat mempengaruhi keabsahannya. Pembuatan surat keterangan ahli waris jika melanggar syarat formil maka kedudukan surat tersebut dapat dibatalkan, sedangkan dari sudut materiil dapat diterima mengingat isi surat lebih bersifat pernyataan sesuai keadaan (Yusuf & Anam, 2021). Mekanisme pembuatan surat yang akan dijadikan sebagai alat bukti harus melalui prosedur yang telah ditetapkan. Prosedur administrasi merupakan tahapan kegiatan untuk menyelesaikan suatu aktivitas serta memecahkan suatu masalah (Hadi & Tomy, 2017). Surat keterangan ahli waris yang dibuat oleh Kepala Desa/Lurah secara langsung menyalahi prosedur yang ada. Pasal 111 Peraturan Menteri Agraria/ Badan Pertanahan Nasional menjelaskan bahwa pembuatan surat keterangan ahli waris harus berasal dari para ahli waris. Mekanisme pembuatan surat keterangan sebaiknya tidak melibatkan pihak perangkat desa secara langsung. Surat keterangan ahli waris yang telah dibubuhi tanda tangan para ahli waris dan mendapat penguatan dari kepala desa/lurah dan camat tidak cukup menjadi alat bukti saja tetapi harus mendapatkan legalitas yang sah (Rafaldini, Afriana, & Faisal, 2020). Pembuatan surat keterangan ahli waris harus sesuai dengan ketentuan yang telah diatur oleh undang-undang. Pembuatan surat keterangan ahli waris menjadi tumpang tindih antara ahli waris dan perangkat desa terutama terkait keabsahan penutup surat. Merujuk kepada klausul Pasal 111 Peraturan Menteri Agraria Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 seharusnya penutup surat menggunakan frasa “dikuatkan” dari kepala desa/lurah dan camat yang dibubuhkan setelah saksi dan ahli waris menandatangani surat keterangan ahli waris tersebut (Priyanti, 2019). kepala desa/lurah dan camat dalam praktek pembuatannya sering kali menggunakan frasa “mengetahui” pada bagian penutup. Penggunaan frasa “mengetahui” tidak memenuhi prinsip keabsahan surat keterangan ahli waris sebagai alat bukti yang sah. Prinsip keabsahan dalam hukum administrasi memiliki tiga fungsi yaitu bagi aparat pemerintahan sebagai norma pemerintahan, bagi masyarakat sebagai alasan mengajukan gugatan terhadap tindakan pemerintah, serta bagi hakim sebagai dasar pengujian suatu tindakan pemerintah. Prinsip legalitas dalam tindakan pemerintah meliputi wewenang, prosedur, dan substansi (Hadi & Tomy, 2017). Wewenang dan prosedur merupakan landasan bagi legalitas formal sedangkan substansi akan melahirkan legalitas materiil. Ketiga prinsip legalitas jika tidak dipenuhi maka tindakan administrasi pemerintahan akan cacat secara yuridis." 593 W2922513363.pdf 2 "J. Imaging 2019 ,5, 40 3 of 16 In electropalatographic investigations of speech, a participant’s speech is recorded while wearing the artificial palate. Tongue contact with the palate activates the electrodes in the contact area, since these react electrically to the humidity of the saliva on the surface of the tongue. The speech recordings can consist of free speech, or more likely, a set of pre-selected sentences that are designed to investigate particular combinations of speech sounds. The temporal sequence of tongue–palate contact patterns is recorded in temporal registration with the acoustic signal. In the present study, the synchronised EPG and audio data were obtained from a freely available web database known as MOCHA (MultiCHannel Articulatory database: English) TIMIT [ 8], which consists of 460 English sentences that include the main connected speech processes and are read by female and male speakers. Figure 2 illustrates one sentence of the MOCHA TIMIT database; the soundwave (recorded at a 16 kHz sampling rate) is displayed with the corresponding phonemes separated by vertical dashed lines. Figure 2. Illustration of an annotated sound wave from the MOCHA (MultiCHannel Articulatory) TIMIT database. The sentence (“This was easy for us”) is displayed as the title of the figure together with the sentence number in the database. The sound wave is displayed as a blue line and the phonemes are separated by dashed vertical lines. For clarity, the positions of the phoneme labels alternate up and down, with breath and silences (sil) shown in different colours. The synchronised EPG data are recorded in a separate file. Once a contact is registered by an electrode, an electrical signal is sent to an external processing unit [ 9], and a graphical display of the pattern of electrode excitation is shown either printed on paper or on a screen (Figure 3). When palatograms are shown on a screen, they can provide dynamic real-time visual feedback on the location and timing of tongue contacts with the hard palate. This direct articulatory information can be used during therapy to monitor and improve articulation patterns, especially in children [ 10–12]. Visual feedback is particularly important in rehabilitating children with hearing impairment. EPG has the potential to be useful in the assessment and remediation of a variety of speech disorders [ 13], including those due to hearing impairment [ 14], cleft palate [ 15], and Down’s syndrome [ 12]. The technique has also been used to study tongue–palate contact patterns for different inventories of vowels and consonants [16,17]. In phonetic studies of speech production, it has been implicitly assumed that the different postures for speech are symmetrical in the left–right plane of the vocal tract, i.e., that the contact between the tongue and the palate on the right-hand side is equally extensive as the contact on the left. Characterisation of articulation asymmetry in native speakers would contribute to a better understanding of the speech production process and its relationship with both neural organisation and the anatomy of speech organs. From a practical viewpoint, it could provide a reference for Speech and Language Therapists when treating speech deficiencies in which asymmetry plays a role (e.g., dysarthria). For example, if normative data show that a particular speech sound is often produced in a highly symmetrical way, then asymmetrical articulation of this speech sound resulting from weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the mouth (which is very common in speech disorders due to stroke) could result in reduced intelligibility for the sound in question." 594 W4200217631.pdf 0 "Correction to: The role of editors (Dec, 10.1007/S12350021-02862-W, 2021) Iskandrian, A.E.; Bax, J.J. Citation Iskandrian, A. E., & Bax, J. J. (2021). Correction to: The role of editors (Dec, 10.1007/S12350021-02862-W, 2021). 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Arabinoxylan-Oligosaccharides as Plant DAMPs Frontiers in Plant Science | www.frontiersin.org August 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 1210 15" 597 W3081396715.pdf 6 "Page 7/17Category  Criteria   Study population Adults (≥18 years old) living in nursing homes    Language English and Chinese Intervention/health solutionTechnology-based interventions (e.g., digital tools such as smartphones and tablets, sensor devices, internet-based programs)   Key variable Detailed descriptions of the technology-based interventions (i.e., purpose of the intervention (to evaluate the aims of existing interventions), use of technology (to examine how different types of technologies have been applied among nursing home residents), application of the interventions (to investigate the degree to which the interventions have involved nursing home residents in the adoption/application of technologies), intervention exposure (to study how different interventions have been used among nursing home residents), outcome variables assessed/measured (to evaluate the quantifiable outcomes of technology-based interventions), and weather the design of the intervention material is tailored to nursing home residents (to examine to degree to which the design technology-based interventions has taken the unique attributes of nursing home residents into consideration)   Study type  Original research (i.e., research that reports original and empirical research findings)    Study design  Randomized controlled trials   Study outcome  Empirical reporting of the effect of the intervention (i.e., qualitative designs excluded) Search strategy Databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus, will be searched for eligible articles. We will also search ProQuest Dissertations to examine gray literature sources. A search strategy was developed in consultation with a librarian experienced in systematic review methods. Search terms used to locate articles will center on three concepts: nursing home residents, technology-based interventions, and randomized controlled trials. An example PubMed search string is illustrated in Table 2. Table 2. Example PubMed search string  " 598 W2004978413.pdf 14 "Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013 , 10 3767 13. Paraskevaides, T. ; Morgan, C .J.; Leits, J .R.; Bisby, J .A.; Rendell, P.G. ; Curran, V. Drinking and future thinking: Acute effects of alcohol on prospective memory and future simulation. Psychopharmacology 2010 , 208, 301 –308. 14. Maurage, P. ; Grynberg, D. ; Noë l, X. ; Joassin, F. D.R.; Hanak, C. ; Verbanck, P. ; Luminet, O.; Timary, P. ; Campanella, S. ; Philippot, P. The ―Reading the Mind in the Eyes‖ test as a new way to explore complex emotions decoding in alcohol dependence. Psychiatry Res. 2011 , 190, 375–378. 15. Thoma, P.; Friedmann , C.; Suchan, B. Empathy and social problem solving in alcohol dependence, mood disorders and selected personality disorders. Neurosci . Biobehav . Rev. 2013 , 37, 448 –470. 16. Uekermann, J. ; Daum, I. Social cognition in alcoholism: A link to prefrontal cortex dysfunction? Addiction 2008 , 103, 726 –735. 17. Giancola , P.R. The moderating effects of d ispositional empathy on alcohol related aggression in men and women. J. Abnorm . Psychol. 2003 , 112, 275 –281. 18. Lisco , C.G.; Parrott , D.J.; Tharp , A.T. The role of heavy episodic drinking and hostile sexism in men’s sexual aggression toward female intimate partners. Addict . Behav. 2012 , 37, 1264 –1270 . 19. Cicchetti , D.; Toth , S.L. Child maltreatment. Annu . Rev. Clin. Psychol. 2005 , 1, 409 –438. 20. Mesa -Gresa , P.; Moya -Albiol , L. Neurobiology of child abuse: The ―cycle of violence ‖ (in Spanish) . Rev. Neurol. 2011 , 52, 489 –503. 21. Romero -Martí nez, A.; Moya -Albiol, L. Neuropsychology of perpetrators of domestic violence: The role of traumatic brain injury and alcohol abuse and/or dependence. Rev. Neurol. 2013, in press. 22. Kornhuber, J.; Erhard, G.; Lenz, B.; Kraus, K.; Sperling, W.; Bayerlein, K.; Biermann, T.; Stoessel, C. Low digit ra tio 2D:4D in alcohol depe ndent patie nts. PLoS One 2011 , 6, e19332 , doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019332 . 23. Manning, J.T.; Fink, B. Digit ratio, nicotine and alcohol intake and national rates of smoking and alcohol consumption . Pers. Ind. Diff. 2011 , 50, 344 –348. 24. Campbell, B.C.; Dreber, A.; Apicella , C.L.; Eisenberg , D.T.; Gray , P.B.; Little , A.C.; Garcia , J.R.; Zamore , R.S.; Lum , J.K. Testosterone exposure, dopaminergic reward, and sensation -seeking in young men. Physiol . Behav. 2010 , 99, 451 –456. 25. Bailey, A.A.; Hurd, P.L. Finger length ratio (2 D:4D) cor relates with physical aggression in men but not in women. Biol. Psychol. 2005 , 68, 215 –222. 26. Manning , J.T.; Peters , M. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and hand preference for writing in the BBC internet study . Laterality 2009 , 14, 528 –540. 27. Ohlmeier , M.D.; Peters , K.; te Wildt , B.T.; Zedler , M.; Ziegenbein , M.; Wiese , B.; Emrich , H.M.; Schneider, U. Comorbidity of alcohol and substance dependence with attention -deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Alcohol Alcohol. 2008 , 43, 300 –304. 28. Lenz , B.; Jacob , C.; Frieling , H.; Jacobi , A.; Hillemacher , T.; Muschler , M.; Watson , K.; Kornhuber , J.; Bleich , S. Polymorphism of the long polyglutamine tract in the human androgen receptor influences craving of men in alcoholwithdraw al. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009 , 34, 968–971. 29. Borkowska, B.; Pawlowski, B. Alcohol and nicotine intake and prenatal level of androgens measured by digit ratio. Pers. Ind. Diff. 2013 , 55, 685 –687." 599 W4306786652.pdf 0 "Vol.:(0123456789)https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-022-01312-z CORRECTION Correction to: Pleomorphic Adenoma of Palatal Minor Salivary Glands with Bone Infiltration: Case Report with Long‑term Follow‑up Antonios Tsekos1 · Dimitris Tatsis2  · Anastasia Fotiadou3 · Nikolaos Kechagias1 · Konstantinos Vahtsevanos1,2 © The Author(s) 2022 The original article can be found online at https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s42399- 022- 01297-9 * Dimitris T atsis dtatsis@outlook .com; dimitats@auth.gr 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinic St. Louk as, Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, 57010, Exochi, Thessaloniki, Greece 3 Pathologist, Private Practice, Thessaloniki, GreeceCorrection to: SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine (2022) 4:215 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-022-01297-9 The article “Pleomorphic Adenoma of Palatal Minor Sali - vary Glands with Bone Infiltration: Case Report with Long- term Follow-up”, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 28 September 2022 with error in author group. and were interchanged in the published article. The original article has been corrected. Open Access This article is licensed under a Cr eative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/. Publisher’s Note Spring er Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Published online: 19 October 2022SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine (2022) 4:229" 600 W2332495948.pdf 17 "170 E. A. DALY ----TIIK EVOLUTION OF T H E LIM ESTONES accumulate not earlier than the Devonian period. The calcium did not begin to accumulate in similar excess until the general scavenging system was established in the “bathybial” (not “abyssal” ) regions of the ocean floor—perhaps as late as the Cretaceous period. When we also bear in mind that the sodium and potassium salts have been slowly accumulating from the pre-Cambrian to the present time, we are prepared to reach the rather probable conclusion that the pre-Cambrian ocean really approx­ imated a fresh-water (though, perhaps, faintly acid) condition. The only escape from that conclusion seems to be offered in the view that a large part of the existing ocean is made of nearly pure “juvenile” water emitted from volcanic vents or from primary igneous rocks since the pre- Cambrian. The actual calculation of about 900 typical analyses confirms the pre­ vailing view that the Paleozoic and pre-Paleozoic limestones are more highly magnesian than the more recent limestones. The ratio of calcium to magnesium is nearly constant in the average limestones of the pre- Cambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian formations. That ratio rises abruptly in the average Devonian limestone and increases again greatly in the average Carboniferous limestone. In the Cretaceous lime­ stones it reaches a maximum value which is very close to, or sensibly equal to, that characteristic of the average Tertiary and Recent lime­ stones. Detailed field work and microscopic and chemical study have indicated that the higher proportions of magnesium in the older limestones can not be explained by their having been more deeply buried and more meta­ morphosed than the younger limestones. The evidence shows that the magnesian content of the staple pre-Devonian limestone is original, in the sense that the magnesium carbonate was precipitated from sea-water. In many, if not all, cases the dolomite crystals may have been formed at or near the surface of the ancient calcareous muds by the interaction of the magnesian salts of the sea-water with the more easily precipitated calcium carbonate. Porosity of the sea bottom would aid this process, as it is today favoring the dolomitization of certain more porous beds in the Funafuti atoll. In brief, the chemical composition of the ocean water, the conditions of life in the sea, and the marine limestones in general have all had a correlative evolution. 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In Structures ; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2022; Volume 40, pp. 434–447. 31. Liu, Z.; Huang, D.; Lu, Y.; Li, S. Eccentric loading behavior of steel tube columns filled with steel-fiber-reinforced recycled concrete. Struct. Concr. 2022 . [CrossRef] 32. Naji, A.J.; Al-Jelawy, H.M.; Hassoon, A.; Al-Rumaithi, A. Axial Behavior of Concrete Filled-steel Tube Columns Reinforced with Steel Fibers. Int. J. Eng. 2022 ,35, 1682–1689. [CrossRef] 33. Karalar, M.; Özkılıç, Y.O.; Deifalla, A.F.; Aksoylu, C.; Arslan, M.H.; Ahmad, M.; Sabri, M.M.S. Improvement in bending performance of reinforced concrete beams produced with waste lathe scraps. Sustainability 2022 ,14, 12660. [CrossRef]" 603 W4306176574.pdf 2 "Page 3/11Transmission of infections and its severity can be controlled with good hygienic practices, and proper knowledge of use of gloves, protective clothing and alcohol based hand rubs and invasive procedures5. In addition to that, transmission of infection can be prevented through following guidelines regarding infection control, adhering to the standard precautions, continuing proper education and arranging updated training facilities for health care professionals1,6. In Sri Lanka multidisciplinary teams are working together to take care of patients and these hospital environments provide a favorable transmission pathway for nosocomial infections, due to poor practices of infection control among health care workers as well as overcrowding of patients in most clinical settings5. Physiotherapists also play a signi" 604 W2136981850.pdf 3 "E3S Web of Conferences In this case, the maximum loading capacity of Cu is 185 mg/kg (200 subtracts 15) and Zn is 551 mg/kg (600 subtracts 49). Considering 2000 ton/ha soil in the agricultural soils (top soil 15 cm depth), the Maximum loading capacity of metals in soil f or Cu is 370 kg/ha and Zn is 1102 kg/ha. Maximum application rate of compost can be calculated as followings: Maximum application rate (ton/ha ) = [Maximum loading capacity of metals in soil (kg/ha) / heavy metal concentration in the compost (mg /kg)] × 1000 For example, the compost F with Zn 1213 mg/kg, and the maximum application rate is thus 908 ton/ha. This implied that at the application rate of 40 ton/ha/year, it will take 22 years of application to increase the total Zn concentration in soils to reach the regulation standard. Conclusion Manure c ompost with the large range of Cu (34 -560 mg/kg) and Zn (104 -1213 mg/kg) concentration were applied at 20, 40, and 80 ton/ha/year. Both the yield of the pokchoi (leaves vegetable) and rice grain w ere enhanced by the application of manure compost. T he yield of rice grain was further increased at hig her application rate. The Cu and Zn concentration of crops were slightly increased by the application of manure compost, but they were still acceptable, pakchoi (Cu: 1.8-10.4 mg/kg; Zn: 39-160 mg/kg ), rice grain (Cu: 0.6-4.0 mg/kg; Zn: 58 -79 mg/kg) . The mobility of Cu and Zn of the paddy soil w as decreased, while the soil bioavailability of Zn was increased in the compost treatment s in the rural soil. Our evaluation indicated that the t otal Zn concentration of soils may reach the regulation standard after 2 2 years of manure compost application by the application rate of 40 ton/ha/year. References Chen ZS, Hseu ZY. Total organic pool in soils of Taiwan . In: Proceedings of the National Science Council, Taiwan, 1997, Part B: life sciences, Vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 120-127. Diez JA, de la Torre AI, Cartagena MC, Carballo M, Vallejo A, Munoz MJ. Evaluation of the application of pig slurry to an experimental crop using agronomic a nd ecotoxicological approaches. J Environ Qual 2001; 30:2165– 2172. Epstein E. The science of composting. Technomic , 1997, Publishing Co. Inc., Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604, USA. Hseu ZY. Evaluating heavy metal contents in nine compost using four digestion methods. Bioresources Technol 2004 ; 95:53 -59. Kabata -Pendias A, Pendias H . Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. 2001. p.106- 118. 3rd ed. CRC press, Florida, USA. Lin HT, Weng ZS, Lee GC . The concentration of heavy metal in food and the regulation act. 2002. Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute (TACTRI) , Council of Agriculture, Taiwan . Shu YY, Chung RS. Rice growth and nutrient accumulation as affected by different compost . Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 2006 ; 37:1139- 1156. Zhou DM , Hao XZ, Wang YJ, Dong YH, Cang L. Copper and Zn uptake by radish and pakchoi as affected by application of livestock and poultry manures . Chemosphere 2005; 59:167- 175. 15008-p.4" 605 W4393341214.pdf 1 "Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 10 (01), 2024, 131 Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, ISSN: 2477 -6157 ; E-ISSN 2579 -6534 keuangan secara keseutuhan melalui pembatasan risiko sistematis. Kebijakan ini dapat mencakup persyaratan modal yang lebih ketat, batasan kredit tertentu, dan peraturan yang mengharuskan lembaga keuangan memonitor dan melaporkan risiko kredit mereka dengan lebih ketat (Campos, 2019) . Selanjutnya dipercaya bahwa kebijakan moneter dapat me nguasai perekonomian melalui pe rmintaan kredit dari sektor perbankan atau saluran pinjaman bank. Kebijakan moneter yang melibatkan mekanisme saluran kredit dapat memengaruhi efisiensi pasar keuangan dan kemampuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan peminjam dan pemberi pinjaman. Ini juga memengaruhi seber apa banyak peminjam yang menghadapi penjatahan di pasar kredit. Efek kredit dalam kebijakan moneter memainkan peran diantara pihak yang saling berhubungan dengan kredit karena ketidaksempurnaan informasi. (Mahrous et al., 2020) . Berkaca dari krisis keuangan di Indone sia pada akhir tahun 2008 kian diakibatkan oleh sektor keuangan daripada faktor -faktor ekonomi yang tidak stabil baik dari internal maupun eksternal. Pada saat krisis terjadi, sektor keuangan Indonesia tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk memperkirakan , meminimalkan, dan mengupayakan risiko operasinya, yang mengakibatkan prosiklikalitas yang berlebihan. Ini menyebabkan pertumbuhan ekonomi lebih cepat selama perio de pertumbuhan (upturn) dan penurunan lebih cepat selama periode kontraksi (downturn) (Swaningrum, 2014 dalam Nuryana, 2017 : 57) . Gambar 1. Prakiraan Pertumbuhan Kredit dan Prakiraan Pertumbuhan DPK (Dana Pihak Ketiga) Sumber Data : Survei Perbankan, Bank Indonesia (2022) Berdasarkan prakiraan grafik gambar 1 di atas, Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa responden masih optimistis tentang pertumbuhan kredit di masa mendatang. Mereka m emprediksi pertumbuhan kredit pada tahun 20 22 sebesar 9,3% (yoy), naik dari pertumbuhan 5,2 % (yoy) pada tahun 2021 (Grafik 11). Situasi moneter dan ekonomi, serta risiko penyaluran kredit yang relatif kecil, mendorong optimisme ini. Menurut Survei Perbankan (2022) memaparkan bahwa pertumbuhan DPK diproyeksikan tetap stabil pada tahun 2022. Ini ditunjukkan oleh SBT prakiraan penghimpunan DPK tahun 2022 sebesar 60,1%, yang merupakan peningkatan yang positif meskipun tidak setinggi SBT 78,5% pada tahun sebelumnya (Grafik 12). Kondisi likuiditas bank y ang lebih baik serta peningkatan fasilitas dan layanan yang ditawarkan oleh bank adalah beberapa faktor yang mendorong optimisme perkiraan pertumbuhan DPK tersebut. Kenaikan kredit secara intensif , terutama kredit konsumsi, dapat menyebabkan overheating ka rena permintaan efektif melebihi output yang dapat dicapai. Pinjaman tersebut akan gagal bayar karena meningkatnya kepercayaan bank terhadap kemampuan nasabahnya untuk membayar dan kurangnya perhatian mereka saat memberikan kredit kepada kelompok berisiko tinggi (Anwar et al., 2023) . Kepercayaan nasabah bagian dari kunci keberlangsung an bisnis dalam perbankan termasuk dalam bank umum syariah. Selain itu, pengawasan bank dimaksudkan untuk memastikan bahwa bank berfungsi sebagai lembaga intermediary dan mediator kebijakan moneter (Bank Indonesia, 2021) . Akibat dari kejadian krisis tersebut, perhatian global economist tertuju pada kebijakan ekonomi negara, yaitu kestabilan ekonomi dan kemampuan untuk bertahan dari krisis. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk memastikan bahwa adanya kebijakan makroekonomi dan mon eter yang kuat, serta kebijakan makroprudensial dilaksanakan sesuai dengan tujuan dan dibidik dengan strategi yang tepat untuk menjaga stabilitas ekonomi baik di dalam maupun di luar, terutama dalam situasi di mana krisis sedang terjadi. Beberapa peneliti an telah membahas mengenai pengaruh kebijakan moneter dan makroprudensial " 606 W2809285525.pdf 12 "H2O2generation byirradiating blue light wasshowed. RLU increased asthenumber of photons increased. At1.0×1018photonsm-2s-1,405nmshowed thehighest RLU (3.9×107). At5.0×1018photonsm-2s-1,439nmshowed thehighest RLU (4.06×107).At10.0×1018 photonsm-2s-1,439nmshowed thehighest RLU (5.58×107). Tocompare differences inthegeneration ofH2O2between wavelengths, multiple compari- sons were carried outat10.0×1018photonsm-2s-1(Fig 8). The RLU showed that 405±466 nmwassignificantly higher than 494nm. The wavelength of439nmhadthehighest RLU. Discussion This study confirmed that blue light islethal toallgrowth stages ofD.enamgotms-nr. The inner space ofthePetri dish didnotregister temperatures that would have affected the survival atanyofthedevelopmental stages inanyoftheirradiation treatments (S6±S9 Tables). Inaddition, theriseinmortality didnotalways correspond toariseintemperature. Thus, we concluded that ariseintemperature caused bylight irradiation didnotinfluence thelethal effect. Weshowed that themost toxic wavelength differed atdifferent developmental stages. Morphological changes corresponding tometamorphosis might cause these differences inthe responsiveness tolight bythedifferent developmental stages. Shorter wavelengths were more harmful toeggs (Fig 1).Eggs were assumed tobedamaged bylight with ashorter wavelength because thiswavelength contains more energy. However, lower mortality wasdetected at439nmcompared to417and 454nm. Certain structures might block thetransmission of439nmlight into theD.enamgotms-nr body. Although the detailed mechanism remains unclear, embryo development might beinhibited bytheenergy ofblue light. Fig7.Dose-respo nserelationshi pbetween light waveleng thand H2O2generatio n.RLU indicates theamount of luminesce nce. DD: 24hdark conditions. https://d oi.org/10.1371/j ournal.pon e.0199266.g0 07 Toxic blue light andinsect growth stage PLOS ONE |https://doi.or g/10.137 1/journal.po ne.01992 66 June 19,2018 13/19" 607 W2996459752.pdf 7 "DINAMISIA - Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol. 3, No. 2 Desember 201 9, Hal. 235-243 P-ISSN 2614 -7424 | E-ISSN 2614 -8927 8 Ini merupakan bentuk partisipasi masyarakat dalam mewu judkan Bumdes di Kendalase m karena salah satu penentu kemajuan Bumdes adalah partisipasi masyarakat (Tama, D. O . E., & Yanuardi, 2013) . Dengan kata lain, pengelolaan Bumdes yang melibatkan masyarakat secara langsung diharapkan mampu mendukung perekonomia ber basis pemberdayaan masyarakat (Budiono , 2015) . 4. KESIMPULAN 1. Kegiatan pertama PKM adalah sosialisasi dan edukasi tentang Filosofi BUMDEs dan tahapan pembentukan BUMDes. 2. Tim TPP terbentuk dengan komposisi ketua, sekretaris, bendahara, dan anggota. 3. Hasil pengisian kuisioner pada mitra menunju kkan bahwa pembentukan B UMDEs merupakan hal yang penting untuk kesejahteraan desa dan peningkatan perekonomian desa. 4. Pendampingan dan FGD dalam rangka pembentukan Bumdes melalui Musyawarah Desa dengan tahapan : 1) Pendampingan tentang penentuan nama Bumde s dan pemetaan desa; 2) Sosialisasi tentang tahapan Musdes;3) pendampingan pembahasan Perdes; dan 4) Pendampingan dalam Musyawarah Desa. 5. Luaran pada program ini adalah: a) terciptanya nama bumdes yaitu Bumdes Kendalasem Jaya ; b) tersusunnya perdes dan d raf AD/ART; dan c) terbe ntuknya pengurus bumdes dan unit usaha. 5. SARAN 1. Perlu adanya pendampingan yang intensif mulai dari tahapan pertama sampai tahapan ke delapan dalam proses pembentukan BUMDes. 2. Perlu Pendampingan intensif dalam penyusunan AD/ART UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH Ucapa n terimaksih kami sampaikan kepada UNISNU Jepara melalui LPPM UNISNU atas hibah pengabdian reguler sehingga kegiatan ini dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Tak lupa kami juga mengucapkan terimaksih kepada Sekolah Bumdes Jepara atas su pport dan bimbingannya sehi ngga pengabdian kepada mitra Bumdes dapat berjalan sesuai harapan. DAFTAR PUSTAKA [1] Agusliansyah, K. (2016). PERAN KEPALA DESA DALAM PENGELOLAAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA ( BUMDes ) DI DESA JEMPARING . 4(4), 17 85–1796. [2] Budiono, P. (2015). Implementasi Kebijakan Badan Usaha Milik Desa ( Bumdes ) Di Bojonegoro ( Studi di Desa Ngringinrejo Kecamatan Kalitidu Dan Desa Kedungprimpen Kecamatan Kanor ) . 4(1), 116–125. [3] Fitrianto, H. (2016). Revitalisasi Kelembagaan Bumd es Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kemandirian dan Ketahanan Desa di Jawa Timur Institutional Revitalization of Bumdes In Efforts to Increase Independence and Village Resilience in East Java . 8(2), 915–926. [4] Ihsan, A. N., & Diponegoro, U . (n.d.). Analisis Pengelol aan Badan Usaha Milik Desa ( BUMDes ) Gerbang Lentera Sebagai Penggerak Desa Wisata Lerep . [5] Karya, D., Sejati, M., & Kusuma, T. (2018). Pembentukan Dan Pengelolaan Bumdes (Badan Usaha Milik Desa) Karya Mandiri Sejati . Universitas Lampung. [6] PKDSP. (2007). Pendirian dan Pengelolaan BUMDes . Malang: Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Brawijaya." 608 W2520103202.pdf 9 "Five of the seven studies evaluated the biomechanical properties of excised VFs, and most of these studies reported improvement in the MSC-treated group. However, not all of the studies reached statistical significance. Whether this difference in statistical significance was related tothe low power used to detect a difference or methodological differences cannot be evaluated. Three of the studies examined mucosal wave patterns after an intervention with MSCs, and most of these studies reported an apparent improvement. However, only one study reported the statistics (P <0.01) for the comparison between the MSC- and saline-treated control groups. The significance of the comparisons in the two remaining studies was not reported. Taken together, the above-mentioned findings are encouraging for further studies. There are some fundamental limitations in the animal studies that will make it difficult to evaluate whetherhuman trials with MSCs will lead to clinically relevant improvements in phonation following an MSC treatment. First, six of the seven studies evaluated the reduction of scar tissue formation in the acute phase of healing. It is unlikely that this timeframe represents a relevant model of thetreatment of human VF scarring. A relevant model would require the administration of MSCs during a planned insult to the VFs, which may be relevant in some, but not all clinical scenarios. It is unlikely that MSC treatment would be given before an observation period to assess anyspontaneous improvement in phonation before offering any treatment because of the relativecomplexity of the current autologous MSC treatments. Only one study investigating the effect of MSC treatment of chronic scar tissue formation has been published, and this study reported encouraging improvements in biomechanical properties following MSC treatment. Studies com-paring time perspectives of the injection of stem cells in relation to the specific trauma should be performed to obtain a treatment regimen focused on the exact cause of the VF lesion. We identified one other review of vocal fold regeneration. This review primarily focused on histological changes following MSC treatment with various types of scaffolds and growth fac- tors.[ 3] The correlation between histological changes and phonation is not straightforward. Therefore, we only focused on functional outcome measures, which exhibits a proven correla-tion with phonation, such as measures of a dysfunction, e.g., hoarseness and an easily fatiguedvoice. The mechanism of action is largely unknown, and further research on the exact effect of stem cell injection could clarify the results from the animal studies, such as histological changes and the persistence of the stem cells. The results of the two uncompleted clinical trials, one using expanded MSCs and the other using the heterogeneic SVF cell population, should provide useful results in the field, especially for assessments of safety concerns and feasibility. However, the limited number of clinical stud-ies indicates that much more research is necessary to provide evidence of MSC therapy for the treatment of scarred vocal folds. The authors are currently designing a prospective, blinded clinical trial of the injection of mesenchymal-derived stem cells perioperatively in Reinke ’s edema patients. In conclusion, animal studies of MSC treatment of scarred vocal folds reveal encouraging results for biomechanical and mucosal wave measurements. These results should be viewedcautiously with the limitations in the included studies, such as statistical insignificance, greatintervention variance and the existence of potential biases. Whether these results will translate to improved phonation in human trials with MSC treatment for vocal fold scarring is currently not known. The results from the two on-going clinical trials with MSCs for VF dysfunctionshould answer some of these questions and are awaited with great interest. Supporting Information S1 Appendix. Search strategy appendix.(DOCX) Stem Cell Therapy for Vocal Fold Scarring PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0162349 September 15, 2016 10 / 12" 609 W4280516956.pdf 2 "de Melo-Minardi et al. OnlineBioinfo •Module 2 - Programming : Python language, Python in bioinformatics, essential Python syntax variables, varia ble types (sets, tuples, lists, dictionaries), arithmetic operat ors, string comparators, logical operators, conditional structu res, defined repetition structures and undefined, loop control, input, and output, formatted printing, code modularization (subroutines and modules), and regular expressions. It is a practical module with several practical exercises to handon. •Module 3 - Algorithm complexity analysis : algorithm complexity functions, best case analyses, average and worst case analyses, optimal algorithms, asymptotic behavior of complexity functions, asymptotic domination, O notation, complexity classes, several examples involving, among other s, search algorithms. This module is largely made up of theoretical content, exercises are provided at the end of eac h class to fix the content learned. Submitting these activitie s is optional. •Module4-Algorithmsforbioinformatics :paradigmconcept in computing, dynamic programming, token game example, tourist problem in Manhattan, distance metrics between sequences (Hamming and Levenshtein), maximum common subsequenceproblem,Needleman-Wunschalgorithm,Smith- Waterman algorithm, scoring schemes, and substitution matrices,peer-to-peeralignments,multiplealignments,glo bal alignments,localalignments,andheuristics.Thismodulea lso hassomeoptionalchallenges. •Bonusmodule :structuralbioinformaticsbonusmodule.Ithas noexercisesorpracticalactivitiesandisentirelyoptional. hetargetaudiencecomprisesundergraduateorgraduatestud ents in biological sciences and related fields with little or no programmingknowledge.Wefrequentlyreceiveaswellstuden ts who graduated in computer science-related areas. They aim to learn Python, be introduced to bioinformatics problems, andreviewsomecomputationalfundamentals.Studentsholdi ng more advanced knowledge of Python programming will benefit from the second half of the course, in which we cover more advanced topics related to algorithm complexity and classical algorithms in bioinformatics. This course can help prepare them to enter the graduate course in bioinformatics and computational biology, contributing to their acquisition o f solid computingskills. Thecourseresourcesconsistofthefollowing: 1.4 digital books : in pdf format, containing theory and challenges (mostly solved) for practical exercises in logic al reasoningandprogramming,totaling100pages. 2.Videorecordedclasses :35classes(approximately7h). 3.Slides: presentations used in classes will be made available in pdfformat. 4.Reviewandprogrammingtasks :quizzesforreviewoftaught conceptsandlistsofprogrammingexercises. 5.Google Colab Notebooks : solved and commented programmingexercises. 6.Live classes : meetings to clarify doubts through video conferenceswiththestudents.Thecourse lastsfor up to90days andtakesabout 40 h toattend classes, read the material, solve course exercises, and compl ete thecourse. 3.1. Student Evaluation Student assessment considers attending asynchronous class es, reading materials, review exercises, and practical programmi ng exercises.Tobeconsideredacompletestudent,thestudentm ust attend 75% of classes, attend final classes, and complete 60% of the submitted exercises. We collect the data describing t he use of the resources by the students from the Moodle platform. The data set consists of yes/no values for each pair of student - resource. Review exercises contain closed questions of vario us types: multiple-choice, association, and filling in gaps, amon g others. The programming exercises are practical and have to be solved using the Python programming language. Proposed solutions in a Google Colab Notebook4and a video explaining the solution step-by-step accompanies each list of programmin g exercises. Thecorrectionoftheexercisesisdonebythestud ents themselves through correction classes and workbooks of solv ed activities. The analysis was carried out with data from 245 students from different courses, most of them coming from the biological sciences course, about 39.1% (see Figure1). The data used consists of a table formed by the course resources such a s class and delivery of activities with values of yes for attend ed and delivered and no for unattended and not delivered and the course completion section with values of yes and no. Data were obtained from the Moodle platform. To obtain the reports used intheanalysis,thefunction“coursemanagement”andthen“v iew participation report” was used. We chose “all course activities ,” throughout the course period, filtered only by students and th e “view”action.Then,wedownloadaspreadsheetinxlsformata nd performalltheanalysisusingOrangeDataMining. 4. MATERIALS AND METHODS To obtain the reports used in the analysis, we used the Moodle function “course management” and then “view participation report.” We chose “all course activities,” throughout the co urse period, filtered only by students and by the “see” action. Each lineofthedatasetisastudent,eachcolumnisacourseresou rce, and the domain of the features is in Yes,Nodomain. We then downloaded an xls format sheet and performed all the analysis usingOrangeDataMining5software. 4.1. Visualizing Students According to Their Profiles of Material Accession First of all, we needed to have a visual grasp of the whole set of students according to completion or abandonment of the course. We used Multidimensional scaling (MDS) Carroll and Arabie(1998) which is a technique that finds (in this case) a 2D projection of instances, reproducing their distances as well as possible. As input, the technique needs a matrix of distances. 4https://colab.research.google.com/ 5https://orangedatamining.com/ Frontiers in Education | www.frontiersin.org 3 May 2022 | Volume 7 | Article 727019" 610 W4283747811.pdf 12 "Mar. Drugs 2022 ,20, 440 13 of 25 strain, selecting cells with higher environmental tolerance, and thus, displaying more robust, tailor-made phenotypes [8,78,139]. Mar. Drugs 2022 , 20, 440 13 of 25 housekeeping genes and growth. If the stressfu l conditions are withdrawn, the stress-in- duced genes are repressed and the cell resumes its normal activity. The conditions of adaptive laboratory evolution keep the stress constant from one generation to the next and the stress response is kept active, so that any mutation that enables the cell to grow under stressful conditions is likely to be fa vored. Likewise, each generational cycle im- proves the original wildtype strain, selecting cells with higher environmental tolerance, and thus, displaying more robust, tailor-made phenotypes [8,78,139]. . Figure 5. Diagram of adaptive laboratory experiments and expected results. Left—adaptive labora- tory evolution experimental designs in batch and continuous mode. The abiotic stress is kept con- stant or increased, and this leads to the improvem ent of the culture. Right—after adaptive labora- tory evolution, the evolved microalgal strain will be able to tolerate the abiotic stress while main- taining favorable growth parameters and a balanced biochemical profile. Adaptive laboratory evolution is an effect ive strategy to isolate improved strains, since it stimulates the accumulation of beneficial mutations in several genes in parallel, acting in a genome-wide manner, which favors the permanence and stability of the in-tended alterations [8,78]. Moreover, by induci ng stress conditions, the underlying micro- algal metabolic mechanisms and responses to environmental stress might be further scru- tinized, along with information about genes imparting stress tolerance and the design of novel strains through synthetic biology (experimental evolution) [6]. It is also useful to apply tools, such as FACS, to assist in the selection of the fittest mutants, based on, for example, their cell morphology or pigment content [8]. Adaptive laboratory evolution also allows the study of evolutionary trade-offs, since adaptations that provide better fitness in one environment might lead to maladaptation in another. However, cells grown in the laboratory mi ght be under evolutionary constraints im- posed by lower genetic variation due to the sm aller population size as compared to the genetic diversity found in larger microalgal populations present in nature; this can ham- per or delay the isolation of mutants with th e desired phenotype [51] . As a result, a sig- nificant and uncertain number of generations is usually necessary to complete the evolu- tionary process, which can take from months to years [8,51,78]. This lag in microalgae adaption is also related to their larger geno mes and lower growth rates compared to those Figure 5. Diagram of adaptive laboratory experiments and expected results. Left—adaptive labora- tory evolution experimental designs in batch and continuous mode. The abiotic stress is kept constant or increased, and this leads to the improvement of the culture. Right—after adaptive laboratory evolution, the evolved microalgal strain will be able to tolerate the abiotic stress while maintaining favorable growth parameters and a balanced biochemical profile. Adaptive laboratory evolution is an effective strategy to isolate improved strains, since it stimulates the accumulation of beneficial mutations in several genes in parallel, acting in a genome-wide manner, which favors the permanence and stability of the intended alterations [ 8,78]. Moreover, by inducing stress conditions, the underlying microalgal metabolic mechanisms and responses to environmental stress might be further scrutinized, along with information about genes imparting stress tolerance and the design of novel strains through synthetic biology (experimental evolution) [ 6]. It is also useful to apply tools, such as FACS, to assist in the selection of the fittest mutants, based on, for exam- ple, their cell morphology or pigment content [ 8]. Adaptive laboratory evolution also allows the study of evolutionary trade-offs, since adaptations that provide better fitness in one environment might lead to maladaptation in another. However, cells grown in the laboratory might be under evolutionary constraints imposed by lower genetic variation due to the smaller population size as compared to the genetic diversity found in larger microalgal populations present in nature; this can hamper or delay the isolation of mutants with the desired phenotype [ 51]. As a result, a significant and uncertain number of generations is usually necessary to complete the evolutionary process, which can take from months to years [ 8,51,78]. This lag in microalgae adaption is also related to their larger genomes and lower growth rates compared to those of bacteria and yeast, and thus, the efficiency of this approach depends on the initial strain chosen for improvement and the stress factors applied [ 8]. In addition, creating laboratory mutant strains might result in organisms that are unable to thrive on more variable, less predictable environments, such as those of outdoor industrial reactors, since it is hard to mimic such conditions in a laboratorial context [8]." 611 W2921197276.pdf 3 "1672 Scientometrics (2019) 119:1669–1694 1 3 Figure  1 and Table  1 clarify the correspondence between the approaches. (We will show the differences empirically in a later section.) In Fig.  1 the left axis is logarithmic—that is, log(1) to log(100) —whereas the right axis is linear (one to six). In the original scheme of Bornmann and Mutz (2011), the relative weighting of a top-1% and top-10% paper was only 6:4.5 (equivalent to 4:3) whereas we apply 10:1 (= 10) in the new scheme. Using quantiles (Leydesdorff and Bornmann 2011), the relation between a top-1% and top-10% paper would only be 99:89 (= 1.1). In other words, we distinguish between I3 as a general scheme and a possible family of specific weighting schemes. The latter are applications for specific evaluation contexts. In general, I3 can be written as follows: where PR defines the lower threshold of the respective percentile rank class and W the corresponding weight; n is the number of classes and weights, respectively. In this nota- tion, the scheme proposed by Bornmann and Mutz (2011)—at the time called PR6—can be written as follows: I3(99-6, 95-5, 90-4, 75-3, 50-2, 0-1); and the scheme in this paper (I3*) I3/parenleft.s1PR1−W1,PR2−W2,…PRn−Wn/parenright.s1 Fig. 1 Weighting factors of the percentile ranks in Bornmann and Mutz (2011) and this study Table 1 Weighting factors of the percentile ranks in Bornmann and Mutz (2011) and this studyPercentile ranks Bornmann and Mutz (2011)This study 99–100 6 100 95–98 5 10 90–94 4 10 75–89 3 2 50–74 2 2 0–49 1 1" 612 W4297830961.pdf 9 "Springer Nature 2021 L ATEX template Article Title 9 [15] Y. Hayashi, Y. Xiao, N. Sakamoto, H. Miyahara, G. Niimi, M. Watanabe, A. Okino, K. Horioka, and E. Hotta: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42, 5285 (2003) [16] M. Shuker, A. Ben-kish, R.A. Nemirovsky, A. Fisher, and A. Ron: Phy s. Plasmas 13, 013102 (2006) [17] Y.L. Cheng, B.H. Luan, Y.C. Wu, Y.P. Zhao, Q. Wang, W. Zheng, H. Peng, and D. Yang: Acta Phys. Sin. 54, 4979 (2005) [18] J.D. Huba: NRL plasma formulary (Naval Research Laboratory, Wash- ington, 1998), pp. 28-29 [19] Y.B. Zel’Dovich, Y.P. Raizer: Physics of shock waves and high- temperature hydrodynamic phenomena (Academic Press, New York, 1967), pp. 29-44" 613 W2017302706.pdf 0 "18ISSN 1648-2824 KALBŲ STUDIJOS. 2012. 20 NR. * STUDIES ABOUT LANGUAGES. 2012. NO. 20 The Use of Software for the Analysis of Lexical Properties of Legal Discourse Daiva Macko http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.0.20.1190 Abstract. The use of computational tools in linguistic research is at the core of corpus linguistics. Currently, specialised lexical software contains elaborate statistical measures that enable a detailed quantitative analysis of corpus data. This paper analyses typical collocations frequently used in the appellate judgments of the European Court of Justice (ECJ). Right verbal collocates of Court are analysed in terms of frequency, statistical significance and characteristic semantic patterns. The WordSmith Tools program , Version 5.0 was used to measure the frequency and significance of the collocations; specialised computational tools were also used to compare the use of seleceted collocations with the use of corresponding collocations in the British National Corpus, which was used as the source of general English. The research results show that typical collocations used in the appellate judgments of the ECJ differ from the general English language in terms of frequency and statistical significance and exhibit unique semantic characteristics, therefore suggesting that there are considerable lexical differences between legal and general English that should be taken into account in teaching and learning. Keywords: collocation, corpus, frequency, negative stance, statistical significance. Aim The present research aims to illustrate the use of lexical software for the analysis of le xical properties of legal discourse. It is supposed here that the most frequent uses are more likely to be characteristic of the language variety analysed and therefore information on the frequency and statistical significance of lexical items in the specific genre is of great value in characterising the specificity of the discourse. The differences in the use of selected collocations between the general and specialised English also imply that specific collocational co mpetence should be involved in teaching and learning specialised English in general and legal English in particular. Previous Research The use of software for linguis tic research is of great value. Firstly, it provides a linguist with a novel type of data. For instance, wordlists and concordances are products generated from the corpora by the use of specialised software. These products are available due to computer technologies exclusively and are therefore un ique. In addition, as the capacity of computers grows, it is possible to store increasingly larger amounts of data. The specialised linguistic software allows gene rating frequency lists from large corpora within a few minutes, which would otherwise be hardly feasible at all. As Biber et al. (2004, p.21–22) note, not only are such data more precise and complete, but they are also more representat ive of the language variety under investigation. In add ition, research in the field of collocational studies has shown that the use of computational tools provides data that are not accessible by intuition, suggesting that the users of language are to some extent unaware of their own collocational competence and the patterns that they pr oduce (Widdowson, 2000, p.6). This objectivity distinguishes corpus linguistics as a valuable quantitative method. Sinclair has often emphasized the importance of objective observance of language in use in order to find evidence , or facts about language and its regularities (for example, see Sinclair, 1991, p.39). The em pirical nature of this methodological approach reli es on elaborate quantitative analysis of the corpus data. As McEnery & Wilson (2001, p.77) point out, proper and valid sampling and significance techniques provide not only a precise information on the frequency of certain linguis tic phenomena, but they also enable comparisons between different corpora. The earliest empirical research into collocation involving the use of computers was the OSTI report conducted by Sinclair et al. Since then, many modern statistical tools have been developed to analyse collocations. However, the use of statistical measures needs to be balanced with qualitative analysis (McEnery & Wilson, 2001, p.76–77). Probably the main benefit of applying computational techniques in corpus work is proving that the use of language includes recurrent prefabricated constructions (Kennedy, 1998, p.270). Yet, as Sinclair (2004) has summed up, the point is that nobody beli eves that language occurs by chance. <…> Statistics, however , only tells us that co- occurrence of two (or more) ite ms is probably not accidental. It is generally agreed that the origins of the concept of collocation in linguistics lie in Firth’s definition of the phenomenon as actual words in habitual company (Firth, 1957, p.14 quoted in Kenn edy, 1998, p.108), or “the company words keep” (Firth quoted in Hill, 2000, p.48). In the current research, a statistical approach to collocation is followed rather than a semantically-based approach. A statistically-based concept of collocation relies on the application of computational tools to large corpora and extraction of recurrent patterns of words (Siepmann, 2005, p.410–411). The statistical approach was advocated and developed by Sinclair (Crowther et al, 2002, p.58). The frequency criterion seems to be acceptable to many linguists and thus can be stated to lie at the heart of the statistically-based concept of collocation (see Bartsch, 2004, p.59–60; Otani, 2005, p.5; Hanks, 2008, p.222;" 614 W3196929119.pdf 32 "33 63 Li Z, Li X, Huang Y -Y, Wu Y, Liu R, Zhou L, et al. Identify potent SARS -CoV-2 main 720 protease inhibitors via accelerated free energy perturbation- based virtual screening of 721 existing drugs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2020; 117: 27381 -7. 722 64 Zhu W, Xu M, Chen CZ, Guo H, Shen M, Hu X, et al. Identification of SARS -CoV-2 3CL 723 Protease Inhibitors by a Quantitative High- Throughput Screening. ACS Pharmacology & 724 Translational Science 2020; 3: 1008 -16. 725 65 Kitamura N, Sacco MD, Ma C, Hu Y, Townsend JA, Meng X, et al. 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Model Dev., 16, 4315–4329, 2023" 616 W3081742536.pdf 4 "جمةل الآداب / ملحق العدد 231 (آآذار) 1212 / م 2112 هـ 768 وت اااااااة غااااااا يور اااااااع اللت باااااااة الوس لآاااااااة.( فوكدددددددا, صدددددددوفيا و ريبيكدددددددا رايدددددددت, 2002 , ص20. ) (Foca, Sofia and Rebecca Wright, 2005, p. 80) ب يااااااا ا حتسسااااااا الن ااااااا آة تت ااااااا خ تن ااااااا تااااااا ال آااااااا ال تحاااااااخر ا ويةآاااااااة و و اااااا ااااااه الت اااااا ي ب اااااا ااااااع ح اااااا ق ع ال آ ااااااآة ا ست آااااااةا حتاااااا تاااااا س ال اااااا لا جتحاااااا سخيااااااخ ق ختااااااا س ااااااة ال آ ااااااة تاااااا 4 اااااا و8464 تاااااا تااااااا اور ن اااااا آة تاااااا باااااا وي حاااااا شاااااا و ت ت اااااا الن اااااا آة اااااا ي ب لحوةااااااة اااااا ب ااااااخ الن اااااا آة ااااااااا التأااااااا و سااااااا ت جاااااااو ت ةآااااااا الوأ بااااااا ا ج آاااااااة اااااااا تأااااااا و آ توشاااااااخ ب اااااااتواتيسآ التح ي آاااااااة ا اااااااآة ل ةاااااااو ال اااااااو التح ياااااااة الن ااااااا ااااااا ب اااااااخ الجني آاااااااة ااااااا ب اااااااخ الحخاباااااة ااااا ب اااااخ الل ل نآ لآاااااة ا ت ااااا حااااايع ة نااااا الحوةاااااة الن ااااا آة تأ لاااااي ب ل ااااا ار جااااايع الوساااااة ال اااااوور تااااا الح ااااا ال اسبااااا ح لااااا الحوةاااااة السخياااااخر وجاااااوا ا وت تااااا جين ااااا الااااا وع ال آاااااة تتلااااا ع ح اااااي ا وت تااااا لاااااآ أ ااااا ال اااااو ا وت تااااا جيع الوسة ال وور . يااااااوق الب حااااااأ وع ل حوةااااااة الن خآااااااة ال ااااااخور اااااا ج اااااا ور أآاااااا ال ااااااو الن اااااا س آ اااااااا اااااااا آ اااااااا تلآااااااااا ااااااااع واااااااااخا و اااااااا انأ ِ اااااااا ن اااااااا ل و ااااااااة الن خآ ااااااااة (الرويلددي ميجددان والبددازعي سددعد , 2002, ص60-66) (Al-Ruwaili Megan and Al -Bazei Saad, 2002, pp. 60 -66 8. تع ال ااااااااااخ ال ااااااااااوي ل ن ااااااااااخ الن اااااااااا ااااااااااا ا ااااااااااتِآ ي ا نتاااااااااا ا نباااااااااا ال اااااااااا و أ ال ِاااااو الاااااا وا اااااا الوساااااة أااااا آ ا اااااع ب اااااا تااااا ع الن اااااخ الن ااااا يتحاااااو ب ااااا ة ة ح و ياع: و . ا : خِوا ة ور ال وور ت التس وي الا ونت س الوِّس . ي . اآلو و : خِوا ة التس وي الت ونت ستا الن ت. ي ت ِ ال ِح واع ت ال اقه نخ ن أة احخر ا ا آ ة ال وور و اات . ل ااااخ وخو ااااة ااااااا الن ااااخ و اااا ونب آ ااااة ةبيااااور تلاااا اااا حة الن ااااخ ا خجاااا الن اااا ا التاااا تحتاااااااا ال ااااااا و أ ا خجااااااا س اااااااة لن اااااااا ِااااااا يت ي ااااااا ج ااااااا وا ااااااا ةشااااااا التااااااا ويس ا خجااااااا ل ااااااا و أ ا نبااااااا اااااااع وِااااااا ت سااااااا وِي الن ااااااا ت الوادِاااااااخا ال ااااااا بِ ت ياااااااخاع ج ااااا ِ ع ن ااااا ا ت حت ااااااق اااااع غياااااواع اتو ااااا ت ِاااااآغ ة التسوِ اااااة ا نب آ اااااة ال ت يِّااااا ر الااتآ اااااة ا نب آ ااااااة تةااااااو ا شاااااا و ا ت آ اااااا اتخوال اااااا ل ااااااا ا ال اااااا لا الواااااا وس . تحخيااااااخ ِاااااا لغااااااة ا نبااااااااا لِ ااااااااا و ا ااااااااا ي ا نبااااااااا ال ت يِّااااااااا تااااااااا الل ااااااااا ا ال نأااااااااا الل ااااااااا ا ال ةت ي نآة الس ة ال ق ال غ آ ة ال و ال س ي ة . " 617 W3159344060.pdf 1 "45Innovative Marketing, Volume 17, Issue 2, 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(2).2021.05Abstract This study aims to examine the marketing channel optionsavailable for corn produc - ers in South Sulawesi, the production center in Indonesia, as well as impact of such a choice on their income level. The target group was corn producers and corn traders. The total sample comprised 150 people, consisting of 120 corn producers and 30 corn intermediary traders within South Sulawesi Province. The results showed that three marketing channels accessed by producers are zero-level, one-level, and two-level channels. The net profit margin obtained by intermediary traders per kg is different by types for each marketing channel due to different marketing activities leading to dif - ferent costs spent. The most efficient marketing channel is the zero-level channel that conducts direct selling to breeders. It followed by the one-level channel (from farmers to collectors and consumers). Finally, the two-level channel (from producers to mer - chant traders) showed the lowest efficiency. It should be mentioned that the zero-level channel offers a slight price increase for producers compared to other channels. Its consumers only buy limited number of products so that it does not have a wide impact on producer’s welfare. The study also found high input costs spent to cultivate corn due to land rent, fertilizers, and pesticides.Jusni Ambo Upe (Indonesia), Andi Aswan (Indonesia) The choice of a marketing channel to benefit corn producer’s welfare in Indonesia Received on: 14th of March, 2021 Accepted on: 26th of April, 2021 Published on: 5th of May, 2021 INTRODUCTION The agricultural sector is one of the prominent sectors contribu ting to economic development in Indonesia as this country is supported by abundant natural resources (Mahanty et al., 2017). The leading ag - ricultural commodities, especially in South Sulawesi, are food crops , one of which is corn also known as Zea mays L that is the second most cultivated commodities after rice in the area (Suddin et al., 2020; Syaiful et al., 2020; Hatima et al., 2020; Jusni & Aswan, 2020; Taufik et al., 2015). This province, its districts at most, is said to be a c entre of corn productionfor consumption and dominant inputs for animal food supply (Hatima et al., 2020; Tetik et al., 2019). Although the province has sufficient soil fertility for growing corn, the welfare of corn producers in this area is inadequate (Hatima et al., 2020;Yuniarsih & Taufiq, 2020; Suprapti et al., 2016). Incre ased pro - duction and demand for any type of corn product is not followed by a proportional increase in farmer’s income level (Suprapti et al., 2016). Many empirical works noted some factors that affect the welfare of corn producers (Gede & Nyoman Djinar, 2019; Sebayang et al., 2019). For example, the quality of corn depends on harvest and post-har - vest handling (Fil’aini et al., 2020), land area, labor, farmer producti on © Jusni Ambo Upe, Andi Aswan, 2021 Jusni Ambo Upe, Doctorate Degree, Department of Management, Economic and Business Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia. (Corresponding author) Andi Aswan, Doctorate Degree, Department of Management, Economic and Business Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license , which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. www.businessperspectives.orgLLC “СPС “Business Perspectives” Hryhorii Skovoroda lane, 10, Sumy, 40022, UkraineBUSINESS PERSPECTIVES JEL Classification M31, Q12, Q130Keywords corn producers, intermediary traders, margin, marketing efficiency, marketing channel Conflict of interest statement: Author(s) reported no conflict of interest" 618 W4283024370.pdf 10 "common enrichment pathways, such as glycolysis, MTORC1 signaling, steroid biosynthesis, peroxidase, and ubiquitinationbinding, which are closely related to cancer cell metabolism. It is well known that altered metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Numerous cancer cells rely on aerobic glycolysis fornutrients and energy ( 57).The activation of SREBP1 by mTORC1 in BC cells inhibits adipogenesis and interferes with cancer cellproliferation and tumor growth ( 58). Additionally, BC is a malignancy in which steroid hormones drive cellular proliferation, such as the sex steroid hormones estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), which areimportant prognostic and predictive markers for BC ( 59). Although miR-340 and miR-185 have been reported as tumorsuppressor miRNAs, the mechanism by which miR-340 andmiR-185 targeting CDH1 has not been investigated, and furtherstudies are required to determi ne the oncogenic regulatorymechanism. Of note, CDH1 co-overexpression in combination with miR-20a was highly enriched mainly in histonemethyltransferase activity, MYC targets V2, WNT/BETA- CATENIN signaling and ribosomes. Among them, MYC and WNT/BETA-CATENIN signalin g pathways are important regulatory pathways for cancer stem cell self-renewal ( 4,60). Recent studies have reported that histone methyltransferaseEZH2 plays a critical role in maintaining ovarian CSCstemness ( 61). Glioma cells acquire stem-like characters by extrinsic ribosome stimuli ( 62). This indicates that the potential oncogenic mechanism of miR-20a-targeted regulationof CDH1 may be intricately linked with the stemness progressionof BC, which warrants further investigation. Fourth, we provide convincing experimental evidence supporting that sE-cad, which is formed by the secretion ofCDH1-encoded E-cad into serum and combined with miR- A B C D EF GH I FIGURE 6 | The diagnostic signi ficances of sE-cad and miR-340, miR-185, miR-20a in BC. (A–C)The ROC curves for the diagnostic value of the CDH1, miR-340, miR-185, and miR-20a in BC. (D–G)Serum miR-340, miR-185, miR-20a, and sE-cad expression levels in BC patients and healthy subjects. (H)sE-cad in serum levels of BC patients at different stages. (I)ROC curves of sE-cad in combination with miR-20a diagnostic model. * P< 0.05; ** P< 0.01; *** P< 0.001. no signi ficant difference.Xie et al. Roles of CDH1 in BC Frontiers in Endocrinology | www.frontiersin.org June 2022 | Volume 13 | Article 916469 11" 619 W4362610990.pdf 10 "Metals 2023 ,13, 711 11 of 22 Once the welding process has started, the modeling of as many parameters as possible must be as efficient and fast as can be achieved, and for this, it must be done in real time to detect any possible defect in order to be able to correct it and evaluate the quality of the weld on the spot. To this end, we must tend towards dynamic modeling, which models the weld through the parameters derived from dynamic equations (such as the melting speed equation [ 95]), and towards simple but effective modeling in real time, through monitoring, in which, for example, the wire feed is modeled by monitoring the width of the weld bead [62]. 4. Monitoring Techniques and Its Application It is important to monitor welding parameters during the welding process to ensure that they remain within acceptable limits and to detect any alterations that may result in defects in the weld. Vision techniques, such as cameras and intelligent cameras, and sensors, including sound, vision, integrated vision, radiation, spectral, infrared, and inductive sensors, can be used to read the parameters or variables being measured. These readings can be analyzed in real time through appropriate software to draw conclusions and improve precision, reliability, and efficiency [21]. When alterations to the parameters and predefined modeling procedures are detected, the system should be able to respond, if possible, in real time. Communication between the sensors and control and monitoring systems is necessary to allow for this response. The consequences of alterations to the parameters can result in defects in the weld, and examples of such defects can be studied using the selected detection methods listed in Table 2. Table 2. Different methods of defect detection through process parameters. Defect Method of Detection Parameter for Detection References Porosity ultrasonic based sensorthe characteristic parameters[96] Porosity monitoring of imagestemperature of the upper surface of the melt pool[97] Porosity monitoring output parameter [41] Porosity, Cracks, lack of fusion, undercutsmonitoring Intensity [72,73] Lack of penetration monitoring spectroscopy signal [70] Lack of penetrationoptical analysis of the plasma spectrumelectronic plasma temperature[48] Lack of penetration monitoring arc voltage signal [88] Emissions (sound and light)monitoring welding arc [98] Tracking defectsmonitoring by a sensor using spectrometryelectronic temperatures [99] In the molten pool monitoring acoustic signals [100] defect classification (based on a decision tree algorithm)monitoring and control current and voltage [31] To detect the aforementioned defects, sensors need to be inserted in real time around the welding process, and their presence can alter the behavior of the metal transfer and, consequently, uneven quality [20], as well as increase the cost of production. 4.1. Bead Tracking, Weld Dimension, and Defects Monitoring and Control Bead tracking and weld dimension control are essential tasks for ensuring the quality and accuracy of robotic welding processes. Bead tracking involves detecting the position and geometry of the weld seam using various sensors, such as laser, vision, or arc sensors. Weld dimension control involves adjusting the welding parameters, such as wire feed rate and voltage, according to the feedback from the sensors and the desired weld bead shape." 620 W2529985646.pdf 5 "Journal of Management Info Vol. 3, No. 2 (2016) 1-6 Copyright © 2018 Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 6 Evidence from El Salvador.ǁ Journal of Development Economics 72(2): 429–61 Hanson, G. and Woodruff, Ch. (2003) ―Emigration and Educational Attainment in Mexico.ǁ Working Paper. University of California-San Diego Yang, D. (2004) ―International Migration, Human Capital, and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Philippine Migrant‘s Exchange Rate Shocks.ǁ Research Program on International Migration and Development. DECRG. Policy Research Working Paper 3578. World Bank Asmaa Elbadawy and Rania Roushdy (2009) “Impact of International Migration and Remittances on Child Schooling and Child Work: The Case of Egypt” Population Council, MENA regional office. Addleton j. (1984). “The impact of migration on economic development in Pakistan,” Asian survey, vol. 24. No, 5:574-596 Siegmann A. K. (2010) “” progress and development studies, 1 strengthening whom, the role of international migration for women and men in North West Pakistan,0: 345" 621 W2771625634.pdf 3 "Sensors 2017 ,17, 2784 4 of 6 Furthermore, we prepared simulated seawater with fixed a NaSO 4concentration (28.00 mmol/L) and different NaHCO 3concentrations (0.00, 2.00, 4.00 mmol/L) to evaluate its ability to quantify HCO 3" 622 W4396577285.pdf 15 "7 21 " 623 W2084478141.pdf 1 "2 Journal of T ropical Medicine Ta ble 1: Comparison of hospital (clinical) and medicolegal autop- sies. Type of autopsy Number of cases (%) Hospital 3 (1.8%) Medicolegal 163 (98.2%)T otal 166 Ta ble 2: Comparison of diagnosis between antemortem and postmortem reports. Diagnosis Number of cases (%) Same 52 (31.3%) Different 106 (63.9%) Nil 8 (4.8%)T otal 166 Rare disease presentations have occasionally only been diagnosed after autopsies and patients’ relatives after autop-sies are better informed on cause of death. Rare diseases withgenetic inheritance detected through autopsies have served asa tool for genetic counseling, screening, and monitoring ofrelatives. Hospital managements have used autopsy reports to identify malpractices, professional misconducts and occa- sionally to give statements for compensation of victims. Autopsy is relevant in occupational health as cause of death can determine whether victims deserve compensationor not. Many disciplinary committees in the health profes-sion have found autopsy useful for their judgments. Manycongenital anomalies have been defined in cases of stillbirthsof unexplained aetiopathogenesis. This has helped geneticcounseling. Autopsy is also a tool employed in Medicine to train doctors in Forensic Medicine. This has helped medicaltraining, improved interest in the field of pathology as aspecialty, and sharpened diagnostic acumen of medical prac-titioners. The numerous surprises seen from autopsy resultshave humbled practitioners against unnecessary heroism andunethical practices in medicine. Autopsy findings have alsoled to evolution of innovative diagnostic technologies to helpdoctors improve diagnosis and management of patients. 2. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was carried out in Jos UniversityT eaching Hospital (JUTH) Jos, North Central Nigeria. Approval was obtained from the Ethical Clearance Com- mittee of the Jos University T eaching Hospital. The pathology department of this hospital has five pathologists who cater for the autopsy services of thehospital, the missionary, and numerous private hospitals inthe state. They are also consulted for their service by hospitalsfrom neighboring states of Nassarawa, Bauchi, and Benue.Data was obtained from the records section of the pathologydepartment of JUTH. It comprised the autopsy reports andthe clinical diagnosis obtained from the attending physicians.Ta ble 3: Medicolegal and hospital autopsies with their correspond- ing antemortem diagnosis found helpful to law enforcement agentsand clinicians. Antemortem Postmortem Drowning Strangulation (homicide) Sudden death? CauseCerebrovascular accident (Hemorrhagic stroke) Typhoid fever Bacterial meningitisHemorrhagic shock? Cause Bleeding peptic ulcer disease Multiple fractures from accidental fall from heightStrangulation (homicidal) Disseminated tuberculosis Meig’s Syndrome Sudden death? Cause Ruptured Ectopic pregnancy Typhoid Septicaemia Viral hemorrhagic fever 3. Results A total of 166 cases were studied. One hundred and sixty three (98.2%) cases were medicolegal cases while only 3(1.8%) were clinical autopsies (T able 1). Ta b l e 2shows the di fference between antemortem and postmortem diagnosis to be di fferent in 106 (63.9%), same in 52 (31.3%), and nil in 8 (4.8%) of the cases. Ta b l e 3shows examples of varying diagnosis antemortem and postmortem. 4. Discussion Ta b l e 1shows the total number of autopsies performed, medicolegal autopsies accounted for 163 (98.25) whilehospital autopsies accounted for only 3 (1.8%). This showsthat requests for autopsies by clinicians are very low. This isconsistent with records in Europe and other parts of Africa[4,5]. The low rate of hospital autopsies might be due to lack of skills in obtaining consent from relatives by clinicians,reluctance by clinicians to request for autopsies, adventof sophisticated diagnostic machines, fear of litigation,reluctance by clinicians to avail self for medical auditing, lackof pathologists. In Africa, sophisticated diagnostic machinesare few or almost nonexistent thus making diagnosis byclinicians di fficult antemortem. This calls for the need to request for autopsies for medical auditing to sharpen clinicalacumen. Friedlander reported that autopsy results have beenable to aid by obtaining confirmative diagnosis of patients [6]. Ta b l e 2shows that in 63.9% of cases, diagnosis by pathologists after an autopsy was very di fferent from that by clinician antemortem. This high rate is similar to that foundby Friedlander and Diegbe et al. [ 4,7]. The superiority of autopsy diagnosis over antemortem diagnosis was observedby Heller et al. in England [ 4]. These errors may or may not a ffect the survival outcome of subjects and are classified by Goldman as major or minorwhich may be either class I, II, III, or IV errors [ 8]. The Class II errors obtained in this study, which are missed major diagnosis that had no impact on survival andwould not have changed therapy, were 7.5% (T able 3)." 624 W4224030296.pdf 4 "If the shell mass fraction was 0.9, the Ko ¨hler curves in models 1 and 3 nearly overlapped because the hygroscopicity was mainly determined by the mass fraction of the soluble shell. In this mass fraction, the critical supersaturation was 0.15%. The Ko¨hler curve in model 2 changed significantly; the particles began to absorb water vapor at a very high supersaturation (1.8%) and then the supersaturation decreased when the particles grew until the supersat- uration was 0.27%. After that, the supersaturation continued to increase and achieved an extreme point (0.3%) and dropped down again, which meant thesolution droplet was activated at 0.3% supersatura- tion. The critical supersaturation for models 1, 2 and 3 was 0.15%, 1.8% and 0.15%, respectively. At the same size and shell mass fraction, the critical supersaturation in model 3 was lowest, followed by that in model 1, while that in model 3 was the highest. The mass fraction of the soluble component greatly influenced the critical supersaturation. 3.2. Particle Size and Critical Supersaturation Critical supersaturation from each Ko ¨hler curve for each dry particle was extracted and a figure of critical supersaturations as a function of dry particle sizes was produced for the three core-shell models, as shown in Fig. 2. Shell mass fractions of 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 were mainly considered (Fig. 2). Shell mass fraction 0.01 meant fresh particles without evident heterogeneous chemical reaction; fraction 0.1 and 0.5meant particles at different aging levels through heterogeneous chemical reactions; those with fraction 1 represented particles composed totally by pure inorganic or organic components. As Fig. 2shows, critical supersaturation in model 3 was the lowest at the same size and shell mass fraction followed by that in model 1. The activation diameter in model 3 was lowest under the same supersaturation and shell mass fraction followed bymodel 1. For example, under 0.1% supersaturation, the activation diameter was 580, 270, 160 and 120 nm, respectively, at shell mass fractions of 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 for particles in model 1 (Fig. 2a) and 280, 190, 150 and 120 nm at shell mass fractions of 0.01, 0.1,0.5 and 1, respectively, for particles in model 3 (Fig. 2c). For model 2 (Fig. 2b), particles were quite hard to activate. At shell mass fractions of 0.01 and 0.1, only particles [1lm could be activated at 0.1% super- saturation, while bigger particles could not be suspended in air for a long time, so they seldom influenced clouds or precipitation. At shell mass fractions of 0.5 and 1, the activation diameters were 860 and 530 nm at 0.1% supersaturation. Comparing the three models, more particles in model 1 and 3 could be activated into water dropletsthan those in model 2. 3.3. Mass Fraction and Supersaturation Critical supersaturation as a function of shell mass fraction is shown in Fig. 3. As Fig. 3shows, the higher the shell mass fraction, the lower the critical supersaturation was for a certain size particle. For models 1 and 3, critical supersaturation decreasedvery fast when shell the mass fraction increased, especially when the shell mass fraction changed from 0 to 0.1 (Fig. 3a–c). For example, when the shell mass fraction increased from 0 to 0.1, the critical supersaturation of 100 nm particles in model 1 decreased from 2% to 0.5%. When the shell mass fraction increased from 0.1 to 0.2, the critical supersaturation decreased from 0.5% to 0.35% (Fig. 3b). Similar changes also took place in the particles in model 3. This meant that the inorganic shell could make particles more hygroscopic andCCN active. For particles in model 2 (Fig. 3b), the critical supersaturation decreased slowly with particle size. When the shell mass fraction increased from 0 to 1, the critical supersaturation of 100-nm particles in model 2 slowly dropped from 2.1% to 1.9%. This meant that the organic shell could not efficiently change particle hygroscopicity. Comparing the figures of different sizes (Fig. 3a– c), under a constant shell mass fraction, critical supersaturation was lower when the sizes were higher.Vol. 179, (2022) Study of Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activities and Hygroscopic Properties 1425" 625 W4285689120.pdf 5 "344 КРИМІНАЛЬНЕ ПРАВО ТА КРИМІНОЛОГІЯ ; КРИМІНАЛЬНО -ВИКОНАВЧЕ ПРА ВО ЮРИДИЧНА НАУКА № 7(109)/20 20 ст. 246 КК України, найчастіше виступають листяні дерева породи «Дуб»; у «Кутському лісовому господарстві» – листяні дерева породи «Бук»; у «Свалявадержспецлісгоспі» – листяні дерева порід «Бук», «Береза»; у «Тернопільлісі», у «Солотвинському лісгоспі» – хвойні дерева породи «Сосна»; у державному ландшафтному заказнику загальнодержавного значення «Пікуй», що належить до об ’єктів природно -заповідного фонду, – хвойні дерева порід «Смерека», «Ялиця»; тощо. Більше того, за результатами вивчення матеріалів кримінальних проваджень стосовно вчинених організованими злочинними формуваннями кримінальних правопорушень, передбачених ст. ст. 2011 і 246 КК України, у 98,11 % випадків предметом злочину були дерева, а 1,89 % – чагарники. При цьому основна масова частка припадає на твердолистяні дерева (59,43 %) порід дуб, бук, береза, ясен, вільха, і значно менша на хвойні дерева (38,7 %) порід сосна, смерека, ялиця. Висновки. Отже, предметом незаконної порубки і контрабанди лісу, вчиненої організованою злочинною групою, є сиророслі та сухостійні дерева чи чагарники, що ростуть у лісах, захисних та інших лісових насадженнях, у заповідниках або на територіях та об ’єктах природно -заповідного фонду. За результатами ви вчення матеріалів кримінальних проваджень стосовно вчинених організованими злочинними формуваннями кримінальних правопорушень, передбачених ст. ст. 2011 і 246 КК України, у 98,11 % випадків предметом злочину були дерева, а 1,89 % – чагарники. При цьому осн овна масова частка припадає на твердолистяні дерева (59,43 %) порід дуб, бук, береза, ясен, вільха, і значно менша на хвойні дерева (38,7 %) порід сосна, смерека, ялиця. СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ 1. Пчеліна О.В. Теоретичні засади формування та реалізації методики розслідування злочинів у сфері службової діяльності: дис. ... д -ра юрид. наук: 12.00.09. Харків, 2017. 571 с. 2. Панов М.М. Кримінальна відповідальність за незаконні дії з документами на переказ, платіжними картками та іншими засобами доступу до б анківських рахунків, обладнанням для їх виготовлення: дис. … канд. юрид. наук: 12.00.08. Харків, 2006. 194 с. 3. Кримінальний кодекс України: закон України від 05.04.2001 № 2341 –ІІІ. Відомості Верховної Ради України . 2001. № 25. Ст. 131. 4. Бурлака П. Ві дмежування незаконної порубки лісу від деяких інших кримінальних правопорушень. Вісник прокуратури. 2018. № 10. С. 43–53. 5. Про особливості державного регулювання діяльності суб ’єктів підприємницької діяльності, пов ’язаної з реалізацією та експортом лісоматеріалів: закон України від 08.09.2005 № 2860 -ІV. Відомості Верховної Ради України. 2006. № 2–3. Ст. 34. 6. Лісовий кодекс України: закон України від 21.01.1994 № 3852 -ХІІ. Відомості Верховної Ради України. 1994. № 17. Ст. 99." 626 W4292998846.pdf 10 "Future Internet 2022 ,14, 251 11 of 19 Figure 5. Hierarchical mean feature importance for ETHUSD. The outermost circular crown of the pie chart in Figure 2 reports the average impor- tance scores per feature by considering all cryptocurrencies. Specific price-related features, such as close_resid (i.e., the Seasonal-Trend decomposition using LOESS of the closing price series [ 30], have shown to be the most relevant to predict future cryptocurrency prices). However, the selected features are not the same for all cryptocurrencies and also include blockchain-related ones. For example, hashrate _pct, which indicates the amount of com- putational operations that a miner or the network of miners is capable of carrying out, is particularly relevant to BitCoin casH (BCH), which has been created to specifically address efficiency issues of the most established BTC cryptocurrency. Conversely, it is not relevant to Ethereum (ETH) because ETH is known to be weakly correlated to BTC. To have a higher-level view of which features are more discriminating for a given cryp- tocurrency, we also aggregate the feature importance scores per subcategory and category (see the two inner crowns in Figure 2 and the bar charts). The most relevant features are those belonging to category Blockchain (average score 0.48), which is followed by Market data (0.46) and Technical analysis features (0.16). This means that to drive their investments, cryptocurrency traders should closely monitor blockchain-related features first rather than simply analyzing price-related features (e.g., moving averages, momentum [27]). Focusing on the most influential subcategories, they encompass the properties of the supply chain, namely Supply (BC category), the historical cryptocurrency prices, i.e., History (MD category), and the blockchain network activity metrics, namely Addresses (BC category). It is worth noticing that restricting the in-depth analysis to these feature subsets allows experts to ignore almost 70% of the original features. The variability in feature importance across different cryptocurrencies is also quite significant (see Figures 3–5). For example, for ETHUSD, the blockchain-related features turn out to be slightly less significant than for BTCUSD and BCHUSD, which is possibly due to the primary influence of the blockchain architecture on the price movements of the BiTCoin-related assets. Ethereum (ETH) is partly uncorrelated with BC and weakly dependent on blockchain-related properties such as hash rate and transaction counts." 627 W3120877428.pdf 26 "акцентируют внимание на том, что тогдашнее самоуправление пыталось преодолеть идентичные с нынешними проблемы – коррупцию, отсутствие управленческих кадров, жесткий контроль государственных органов власти за его деятельностью. В выводах установлены основные тенденции, обозначены достижения и круг недостаточно исследованных проблем, определены основные направления дальнейшего изучения становления и функционирования городского самоуправления в имперский период. Ключевые слова : городское самоуправление, историография, Надднепрянская Украина, Российская империя, реформы, имперский период. 83 Grant charter to the cities and city charters of 1870 and 1892 in modern national historiography © Bondarenko Oleksandr" 628 W4290963498.pdf 4 "Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022 ,23, 8957 5 of 18 on an unusual cycloaddition-cycloreversion sequence [ 42]. To this end, we prepared the penta-substituted benzene derivative 16starting from the tri-substituted phenol derivative 9(Scheme 2), exploiting the well-known ability of the OTHP as an ortho-directing group for the metalation [ 43]. Accordingly, compound 9was promptly transformed into the corresponding tetrahydropyranyl ether 14that was at first ortho-lithiated by treatment with BuLi and later reacted with DMF to give the tetra-substituted phenyl derivative 15. The subsequent bromination para to the phenol group [ 44] afforded the desired penta- substituted benzene 16, to which the O-ethoxycarbonylmethylene fragment was easily inserted by standard etherification reaction. In previous saponification, compound 17was treated with the Ac 2O-AcONa system with heating to give the required 5-bromo benzofuran derivative 12in an appreciable 57% yield. The mechanism proposed for the interesting cyclization reaction entails dehydration of the carboxyl group to give an unstable ketene intermediate that is trapped intramolecularly by the formyl group. The thermal [2 + 2] heterocycloaddition reaction is followed by a cycloreversion with the expulsion of CO 2and production of the 2,3-unsubstituted benzofuran derivative 12[42]. Having the suitably derivatized aryl ring-B moiety in hand, we conceived preparing compound 1by exploiting the Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reaction between 12and 1-phenyl-2-propen-1-one 13. The latter reagent was, in turn, easily prepared by react- ing phosphorous ylide 8and formaldehyde according to a known Wittig protocol [ 45] (Scheme 2). Disappointingly, the Pd(0)-catalyzed reaction provided the retrochalcone 1 with a modest 32% yield [46]. 2.3. Synthetic Pathways Providing the Non-Natural Regioisomers of Velutone F With the aim of learning about stereo-electronic properties of the hybrid benzofuran- retrochalcone scaffold, we decided to prepare the non-natural compounds 22,23,and 28 featuring the PhP moiety attached, respectively, at C-2, C-6, and C-3 of the 4,7-dimethoxy benzofuran core ( BF). The non-natural regioisomers of velutone F are previously un- known compounds. 2.3.1. Synthetic Pathways to the Isomers 22 and 23 The direct formylation of electron-rich arenes can be conveniently accomplished via the Vilsmeier–Haack (V–H) reaction. Indeed, the benzo[b]furan nucleus is reported to yield the 2-formyl derivative by reaction with the V–H electrophilic species [ 47]. We anticipated that the regioselectivity of the V–H reaction could change if electron-donating groups were present on the phenyl ring of the benzo-fused system. In line with our hypothesis, we decided exploring the behavior of 4,7-dimethoxy benzo[b]furan 19under V-H reaction conditions (Scheme 3). We planned to build the substituted benzo[b]furan 19from 9by creating the annellated 2,3-unsubstituted furan ring according to our previously sound synthetic pathway B for target compound 1(Scheme 2). Thus, once etherified the phenolic group of 9with the functionalized two carbon fragment, the resulting compound 18was cyclized to 19under the action of PPA (Sn- zeolite also showed to efficiently promote this transformation [ 48]). As expected, we found the subsequent electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction was poorly regioselective: all but one of the regioisomeric formyl benzofuran derivatives 2-FBF ,5-FBF , and 6-FBF were formed. In detail, chromatographic purification of the residue from the V-H reaction led us to isolate compounds 20(2-FBF ) together with 7(5-FBF ) in 37% yield (1H NMR and HPLC analysis showed the isomers were in a 3.5:6.5 ratio), and compound 21(6-FBF ) in 30% yield. At this stage, we submitted the separated fractions to the Wittig olefination with the stabilized phosphorous ylide 8. We obtained chalcone 23from 6-FBF , while in the same manner, the inseparable mixture of2-FBF and 5-FBF furnished chalcones 22and 1, which, gratifyingly, could be easily separated by column chromatography." 629 W2920009442.pdf 11 "1756 Theoretical and Applied Genetics (2019) 132:1745–1760 1 3 encompass both loci that show favourable effect, i.e. improvement in either protein content or grain yield with-out a negative effect on other traits but also unfavourable loci that potentially cause the protein content/grain yield trade-off. Addressing this issue, a desired gain index (Pesek and Baker 1969) for genomic selection was employed restrict- ing either the protein content or grain yield and in this way preferably increase the allele frequency of favourable loci that confer an increase in grain yield or protein content with-out negatively influencing the respective other trait. Aside from largely targeting these loci, holding the population average for one of the traits stable also eased the identifica-tion of lines with favourable allele combinations that pos-sess an elevated grain yield with average protein content and increased protein yield even in the presence of strong negative genomic correlation between protein content and grain yield. Preliminary investigations using cross-validation with these genomic selection indices did not show any ben-efit of multivariate models to derive variance–covariance matrices that contain this genomic correlation for calcu-lating appropriate index weights. Furthermore, no added value was observed of using a closely related method that derives genomic selection indices by multiplying the vec-tor of genomic estimated breeding values with the genomic relationship matrix (Ceron-Rojas et al. 2015 ), while a Smith–Hazel index aiming to maximize the net merit (Smith 1936; Hazel 1943) did not lead to desired gain, i.e. main-taining grain yield or protein content but favoured one trait at cost of the other. Accordingly, it can be recommended to focus on genomic selection indices that correspond to deviations from regression line when conducting a simul - taneous selection for grain yield and protein content and for finding the desirable outliers from the common trend, although it should be noticed that other methods such as using the multi-optimization framework by setting optimal compromise solutions or from the Bayesian decision theory have also shown great promise (Akdemir et al. 2018; de Villar-Hernández et al. 2018). Identification of these outliers is of high interest to breed- ers, and especially, the grain protein deviation has received large attention (Monaghan et al. 2001) and has even become a major criterion for variety registration in France (F. Löschenberger pers.comm.). It is, moreover, associated with post-anthesis nitrogen uptake in bread (Bogard et al. 2010; Latshaw et al. 2016) and durum wheat (Suprayogi et al. 2011) (Table  2). This suggested that selecting genotypes that show superior performance in the genomic selection index based on grain protein deviations potentially enables an indi-rect selection for a difficult to phenotype trait, which might lead to an indirect genetic improvement for this important component of nitrogen-use efficiency in a genomic breeding approach. The underlying genetic base of these deviations from the regression line is furthermore highlighted by a larger grain protein deviation of hybrid wheat in compari-son with line varieties (Thorwarth et al. 2018) that might also be influenced by a different root architecture to improve nitrogen uptake (Cormier et al. 2016; Hawkesford 2017 ) and supposedly causes a larger yield stability for some genotypes (Mühleisen et al. 2014 ; Liu et al. 2017 ). Accordingly, several QTL related to grain protein deviation have been mapped in wheat amongst others in the proximity of major genes like Ppd-D1 regulating photoperiodic sensitivity and the semi- dwarfing genes Rht- B1 and Rht- D1 (Cormier et al. 2014; Guttieri et al. 2017) with some candidate genes being identi-fied (Habash et al. 2007; Li et al. 2011). Notwithstanding, polygenic inheritance with a genetic architecture of many small to medium effect loci renders the reliable identifica-tion of genotypes with large positive grain protein deviation difficult in the framework of genotype-by-environment inter - action making variety testing in multi-environment trials necessary (Oury and Godin 2007), which can additionally be supported by prediction models that characterize environ-ments with respect to nitrogen stress (Ly et al. 2017). No Table 2 Phenotypic correlation of protein yield and the presented selection indices with post-anthesis nitrogen uptake and remobilization as well as protein content and grain yield in wheat Performance estimates as reported by Bogard et al. (2010) and Latshaw et al. (2016) were used to derive the respective selection indices, while for durum, wheat values were averaged over the three environments reported by Suprayogi et al. (2011). The respective correlation coefficients obtained from the individual studies were subsequently averaged over all three studies a Restriction index for holding grain yield stable and increasing the protein content b Restriction index for holding protein content stable and increasing the grain yield c Restriction index for holding grain yield stable and increasing the protein yield d Restriction index for holding protein content and increasing the protein yieldProtein yield Indexa GPD Indexb GYD Indexc HP Indexd HY Nitrogen remobilization 0.37 0.19 0.43 0.17 0.43 Nitrogen uptake 0.34 0.43 0.22 0.45 0.23 Protein content 0.27 0.73 0.00 0.72 0.00 Grain yield 0.54 0.00 0.73 0.00 0.72" 630 W4221090336.pdf 1 "identifying genes that are speci fically expressed in certain tissues or cell types and, at the same time, regulate the trait according toGWAS ( Slowikowski et al., 2014 ;Calderon et al., 2017 ;Finucane et al., 2018 ;Shang et al., 2020 ). Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) consortium used tissue-speci fic expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data instead of using gene expression datadirectly, trying to establish eQTL-based associations betweentissues and traits ( Ongen et al., 2017 ). Regardless of these available methods, this is a typical discovery problem where a yes/no inference needs to be madefor each test. Normally with the same null hypothesis, applyingdifferent methods to the same data produces similar answers asthe statistical power is similar. However, for the tissue-traitassociation problem, the different methods developed aresometimes distinct not only in their setup but also in producing distinct discoveries. For example, Calderon et al. (2017) detected that total cholesterol (TC) was associated with liver ( p=2×1 0 –4), small intestine ( p= 0.01), spleen ( p= 0.04), and adrenal gland ( p= 0.05), supported by, e.g., the nutrient absorption function of the small intestine and the link betweenspleen and lipid metabolism ( Fatouros et al., 1995 ;Ai et al., 2018 ). While in Ongen et al. (2017) ’s study, the top 5 enriched tissues for TC were liver ( p= 2.05 × 10 –13), pancreas ( p= 3.83 × 10–13), thyroid ( p= 9.85 × 10–13), uterus ( p= 1.23 × 10–8), and small intestine ( p= 5.59, ×, 10–9). Most tissues ’p-values were lower than 0.05, but the spleen was ranked 19/44 and the adrenal gland 21/44. Their results were quite different from those by Cameron et al. (1974) but claimed to be supported by traditional medical evidence ( Pucci et al., 2000 ) .W h ot ot r u s t ?I n t u i t i v e l yw en o w seem to have more con fidence in the cholesterol-liver and cholesterol-intestine associations. Different assumptions orsetups may capture different biological natures, but it couldalso be limited power that makes their results not agree well.Thus, to see the general picture, we need to systematicallyevaluate the associations between complex traits and tissues,making use of these available distinct methods to gain moreinformation. This requires assessing the operating characteristics of different methods, which is impossible to do conventionally as a gold standard for each tissue-traitassociation is mostly absent. In fact, for three or more distinct methods testing the same set of null hypotheses, the sensitivity and speci ficity of each method can be estimated without any gold standard ( Pepe and Janes, 2007 ), as long as the methods are conditionally independent (distinct enough, e.g., with distinct assumptions or modelling logic). Thus, based on the estimated operatingcharacteristics, one can combine information captured bydifferent kinds of methods testi ng tissue-trait associations, since none of the methods could capture the full information of the underlying biology. Here, we aim to integrate the results from different methods to better investigate the tissue-trait association problem. Weapproach this by: 1) applying three distinct methods on thesame set of tissue-trait pairs; 2) conducting maximumlikelihood estimation of the sensitivity and speci ficity of each method in the absence of a gold standard; 3) subsequentlycombining the results from these methods to generate a more credible tissue-trait association atlas. 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Estimation of Operating Characteristics and Prevalence Let random variable Airepresent the unobservable true association status for the i-th pair of tissue and trait, where Ai = 1 represents associated, and Ai= 0 unassociated. In our model, ρ =P(Ai= 1) is the same for any given i, so without losing generality, we use Ato denote Ai. Given a particular set of significance thresholds for K binary tests of the status of A,w e have Krandom variables Y1,...,YK, for each of i=1 ,...,npairs of tissues and traits. Writing the true- and false-positive rates ofthe K binary tests as ϕ k=P(Yik=1 |A= 1) and ψk=P(Yik=1 |A= 0), respectively, the unknown parameters are the prevalence of tissue-trait association ρ=P(A= 1) and θ=(ϕk,ψk),k=1 ,...,K. With KP3 observed tests, ρand θcan be estimated by maximizing the likelihood function Lθ,ρ/parenleftbig/parenrightbig /equals/productdisplayn i/equals1ρPθYi1,...,YiK|A/equals1 () +1−ρ/parenleftbig/parenrightbig /braceleftbig PθYi1,...,YiK|A/equals0 () }.( 1 ) As the available degrees of freedom, 2K−1, is no less than the number of parameters, 2 K+ 1. Assuming conditional independence of the K binary tests, i.e., given A and theoutcome of any test Y i, one cannot predict the outcomes of the other tests, we have Lθ,ρ/parenleftbig/parenrightbig /equals/productdisplayn i/equals1ρ/productdisplayK k/equals1PθYik|A/equals1 () +1−ρ/parenleftbig/parenrightbig /productdisplayK k/equals1PθYik|A/equals0 ()⎧⎨ ⎩⎫⎬ ⎭. (2) For various p-value thresholds for different tissue-trait association test methods, we used quasi-Newton method foroptimization to solve the above maximum likelihood problem.We bootstrapped the observed binary data to assess the variationof the estimates. In this article, we repeated the bootstrapprocedure for 99 times. Our implementation is publiclyavailable as an R package (see Code Availability ), which can assess three or more methods simultaneously. For the scenario ofthree methods, the maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of the parameters can be derived analytically ( Pepe and Janes, 2007 ) (see Supplementary Appendix ). For a particular p-value threshold, with the estimated operating characteristics, we used the estimated speci ficityψ k′/equals 1−ψkas weights to highlight the methods with high speci ficity. We derived a tissue-trait association speci ficity score to evaluate the associations. The score sums up the estimated speci ficity of the methods that gave a positive signal to a particular tissue-traitassociation, divided by the sum of speci ficity across all the methods: Frontiers in Genetics | www.frontiersin.org March 2022 | Volume 13 | Article 798269 2Yang et al. Tissue-Trait Association Identi fication" 631 W2034433882.pdf 2 "© 1968 Nature Publishing GroupNATURE, VOL 219, SEPTEMBER 7, 1968 while control tubes received either no phytohaemagglutin or phytohaemagglutinin and no lymphocytes. These cultures were incubated at 37° C for 48 h in an atmosphere of 5 per cent 002 and 95 per cent air. The cells and cell debris were then removed by centrifugation at 1,000g for 20 min, and the culture fluid was passed through 'Millipore' filters of pore size 0·45µ. This fluid was placed on fresh individual tube cultures of mouse L cells, Moden bovine kidney (MBK) cells, and human (HeLa) cells, all of which were established 24 h before use at a density of 200,000 cells/tube. After 48 h incubation, these cultures were examined microscopically and cell viability was assayed by their ability to incorporate 140 amino-acids into protein1•2• Table 1 shows the results obtained with lymphocytes from human peripheral blood, human adenoid tissue, mouse, hamster and cat spleen. It can be seen that phytohaemagglutinin stimulated the release of a toxic factor(s) from the lymphocytes of the various animal species, whereas no toxicity was caused by the medium from control, unstimulated lymphocytes or was caused by phytohaemagglutinin itself. It should be mentioned that of the nine peripheral blood lymphocyte samples which were obtained from different patients, seven responded in the same way as that reported in the table, while the other two demonstrated minimal toxicity. Human adenoid tissues from five different patients were tested and all responded in the manner reported. The data for mouse, hamster and cat spleen tissues are repre­ sentative of many separate experiments. The specificity of the lymphotoxins obtained from stimulated human and mouse lymphocytes was tested next. The experimental methods were as before, except that the medium was tested simultaneously on three cell lines: MBK, L, and HeLa. The results of these experi­ ments (Table 2) show that all the cell lines were sus- Table ]. CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF LYMPHOTOXINS FROM VARIOUS ANIMAL SPECIES Ol'I MOUSE L CELLS Phyto- Counts per min incorporated Source of lymphocytes haemagglutinin into L cell protein Human peripheral blood Lymphs + 5,640 Lymphs 21,328 None + 19,980 Human adenoid tissue Patient A Lymphs + 7,173 Lymphs 19,275 Patient B Lymphs + 7,158 Lymphs 20,025 None + 19,317 Mouse spleen Lymphs + 1,082 Lymphs 19,74~ None + 17,941 Cat spleen Lymphs + 5,025 Lymphs 19,913 None + 21,105 Hamster spleen Lymphs + 6,496 Lymphs 21,777 None + 20,978 After 48 h incubation in the presence of the lymphotoxin medium, the cells were pulse labelled for 15 min with 2·0 ml. of a ""C amino-acid hvdrolysate, 0·30µCi/ml. . Table 2. CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF HUMAN AND MOUSE LYMPHOTOXIN ON SEVERAL MAMMALIAN CELL LINES C.p.m. incorporated into cellular protein Source of lymphocytes--------+ Human peri­ pheral blood Cell line L cell MBK HeLa Mouse spleen Lymphs +PHA 907 2,001 L:ymphs -PHA 8,497 7,543 None +PHA 8,141 7,601 Lymphs +PHA 2,325 2,136 Lymphs -PHA None +PHA 6,471 4,206 6,082 4,012 Lymphs + PHA 1,487 2,541 Lymphs -PHA 9,743 9,243 None +PHA 9,884 9,091 After 48 h incubation in the presence of lymphotoxin medium, the cells were pulae labelled for 8 min with 2·0 ml. of a ""C amino-acid hydrolysate, 0·30 µCi/ml. 1077 ceptible to the toxic action. Lymphocytes from several different mammalian species appear to release lympho­ toxin-like materials when stimulated with phytohaem­ agglutinin, and these materials can act in various types of cells. Some of the chemical characteristics of mouse lymphotoxin have been described3 and we are investi­ gating the similarities and immunological distinctions between mouse and human lymphotoxin (unpublished results of Granger, Kolb and Williams). G. G. was supported by a grant from the US National Institutes of Health and a grant from the Cancer Research Coordinating Committee of the University of California. T. W. was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, US Public Health Service. TERRY W. WILLIAMS GALE A. GRANGER Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California. Received June 11; revised July 9, 1968. 1 Granger, G. A., and Williams, T. W., Nature, 218, 1253 (1968). • Granger, G. A., and Kolb, W. P., J. Immunol., 101, 11111968). 'Kolb, W. P., and Granger, G. A., Fed. Proc., 27, 687 (1968). Relationship between Cell Size and Time of Initiation of DNA Replication RouNDS of DNA replication are initiated in Escherichia coli at different stages in the cell cycle of bacteria growing at different rates1• It is possible to calculate that the initiation of a round of DNA replication always takes place at a time when the cell mass/chromosome origin reaches a particular critical value. In other words, the mass at which initiation takes place is always an integral multiple of a particular mass. This constancy in turn provides an explanation for the increase in size of cells with increase in the rate of growth. Schaechter, Maaloe and Kjeldgaard2 showed that the size of cells of Salmonella typhimurium depended on the medium in which they were growing. The size of cells increases exponentially with the rate of growth in popula­ tions growing in different media. Thus log (cell mass)= k (growth rate). Cooper and Helmstetter1 have used synchronous populations of Escherichia coli B/r to show that the time of initiation of rounds of DNA synthesis relative to cell division varied with the growth rate of the cells. The time of initiation of DNA replication could be predicted very precisely by assuming that there was a constant interval of time between the initiation of a round of DNA replication and a subsequent division of the cell. In their experiments this time interval was close to 60 min for growth rates between one and three doublings/h. Because the time taken to replicate one chromosome was constant (40 min) at all rates of growth, rounds of DNA replication overlapped in cells growing with a generation time of less than 40 min. Thus in fast growing cells a new round of replication begins before the previous one has finished. In slowly growing cells with generation times greater than 40 min, there is a gap between the end of a round of replication and cell division. These empirical rules are based on the observation that the time of initiation of DNA replication varies relative to the previous division of cells growing at different rates. No explanation was suggested as to why replication of DNA was initiated at a particular time. A combination of these observations with those of Schaechter et al., on the average size of cells growing at different rates, how­ ever, reveals a remarkable constancy of cell mass at the time of initiation of replication. This is shown graphically in Fig. 1. This constancy in turn suggests possible mech­ anisms whereby the time of DNA initiation is determined." 632 W3208936200.pdf 9 "3.2.3 Using an appropriately designed well-being impact assessment framework to incorporate values into organisational processes, systems(including data), products and services requirements management systems The proposed framework defines well-being as the continuous and sustainable physical, mental, and social flourishing of individuals, communities and populations where their economic needs are cared for within a thriving ecological environment. Through an iterative well-being impact assessment (WIA) process during conceptualization, analysis, design, development, and throughout the life span of a system, product or service the method establishes values of various stakeholders including creators/developers and uses the assessment findings to develop and improve a product, service or system of interest. It makes use of known knowledge bases or databases of values and the indicators of how those values can be impacted by the proposed system, service or product. New values and indicators can be identified during well-being impact assessment processes and these new findings are added to the database thereby continuously improving its content. The Well-being Impact Assessment framework can be applied to any process and at any stage or phase in the life cycle of a system, product or service. However, in the case of systems, services and products it is strongly recommended that it be applied right from the beginning or start - at ideation, right through specification, development, testing, implementation, use, management and decommissioning. In this context, the use of the Well-being Impact Assessment Framework may be illustrated as follows: •At the Governance and Executive Levels the WIA framework helps to initiate discussions by providing knowledge (to initiate, drive and guide discussions) from the information derived from reference databases (e.g. OECD) •During ideation, the impact assessment process can initiate the requirements discovery and in this way makes contributions to comprehensive innovation management and ideation processes •During system, product or service requirements elicitation and specification processes, it widens scope and coverage encouraging participation and contributions from all stakeholders •During development, it opens up for a continuous engagement process between system/product/service creators or developers and all stakeholders. Values and related requirements are continuously reviewed and refined, and used to comprehensively define sprints in development •During testing the framework is an enabler for collaborative and all-inclusive testing processes •During live use and operation, the framework further opens up for collaborative and all inclusive system/product/service improvement processes. It strengthens and puts transparency into failure management processes •At the decommissioning or retirement phase, the framework opens up for detailed engagements on user(all levels) experiences and performance levels achieved 9How Factoring Ethics Encourages and Stimulates Innovative Development of IT Systems … DOI: http:/ /dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.9 7556" 633 W4384928849.pdf 0 "Review of: ""Intelligent Transportation System Real-Time Tracking"" Abdul Samad Shibghatullah 1 1 UCSI University Potential competing interests: No potential competing interests to declare. The research paper presented the implementation of an intelligent transportation system (ITS) using GPS technology, mobile applications development, and server infrastructure. The results show a very good results. However, there is no comparison or analysis on the current or existing system which similar. It is good if the authors can add the comparison in this paper. Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Review, July 20, 2023 Qeios ID: V1Y9PJ · https://doi.org/10.32388/V1Y9PJ 1 / 1" 634 W4324380626.pdf 4 "Materials 2023 ,16, 2344 5 of 10 emission with respect to the free space case, while a value grater than one corresponds to an increment. Figure 2. (a) Layout of the device simulated with FDTD. In red, the optically active part of the device is represented. This is simulated as a 1 µm1µm undoped silicon square with dipole sources in it. The silicon oxide layer is the grey box and the contacts (in blue) are modelled as doped silicon regions. The blue arrow indicates the orientation of the dipole source whereas the grey concentric lines are the dipole radiation pattern. ( b) Modification of the Purcell factor considering a variation of the lateral size of the optically active area. We have found that the percentage of radiation emitted upward remains stable around a value of 6%, regardless of the sample size. The two smaller geometries, which have a Purcell factor of 0.41 and 0.72, respectively, do not promote any increase of spontaneous dipole emission, as they are not resonant with the emitted wavelength. The largest has a Purcell factor of 1.16, still far from optimal resonant conditions. A parametric study is conducted for the smallest of the fabricated structures, to check the tolerance in the case the fabrication deviates from the nominal size. For the smaller sample, the length of the cuboid is modified, considering a nominal length of 1000 nm and assuming a possible error up to 5%. The evaluated range is therefore from 950 nm to 1050 nm, with a step size of 5 nm. As shown in Figure 2b, the Purcell Factor varies smoothly from 0.46 to 0.38 with no resonances. This suggests that in case of possible small size deviations, the diode will continue to behave according to expectations. 4. Experimental Results We will now discuss the experimental results based on the fabricated devices. First, we will provide the experimental characterization of the effectiveness of the oxygen doping. Next, we will move to the electroluminescence observed in the devices. 4.1. Characterization of Oxygen Doping In order to understand the best oxygen co-doping dose, three non-fabricated 220 nm SOI samples are doped with erbium and oxygen and then characterized by PL spectroscopy. The erbium doping and oxygen implantation are performed in the same conditions applied to the devices described in the previous section, namely using an energy equal to 300 keV and a dose of 11013Er cm" 635 W4225278766.pdf 1 "Page 2 of 13 Su et al. BMC Plant Biology (2022) 22:224 all downstream flavonoids, and generally be classified as early biosynthesis genes (EBGs). While late biosynthesis genes (LBGs) are specifically required for the biosynthe - sis of anthocyanins, such as dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS ), leucoanthocya - nidin dioxygenase (LDOX ) and UDPglucose:flavonoid- 3-O- glucosyltransferase (UF3GT) [11]. The expressions of these anthocyanin structural genes are conservatively controlled by the MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) transcrip - tion factor complex [12, 13]. Two R2R3-MYB genes, Production of anthocyanin pigment1 (PAP1/MYB75, At1g56650) and PAP2 (MYB90, At1g66390), has been identified in Arabidopsis as positive regulators for the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes [14–16]. The PAP1 homologs in snapdragon, radish and cotton have also been revealed stimulating anthocyanin produc - tion [17–19]. Previous study in our group has revealed 0.5  mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP , a NO-releasing compound) application significant increased anthocyanin accumula - tion in radish sprout, along with enhanced endogenous NO levels [18]. Interestingly, an opposite phenotype has been reported in Lycium fruits during ripening, as the SNP supply and endogenous NO content negatively correlated with anthocyanin biosynthesis [20]. To fur - ther clarify the role of NO in anthocyanin production, we used hemin treatment in this study to induce the endogenous NO content. The effectiveness of hemin in trigger endogenous NO levels has been evidenced previ - ously in cucumber and tomato lateral roots [21, 22]. As a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducer, hemin application could improves plant stress tolerance in different plant species under various abiotic stress conditions [23–25]. Thus, hemin treatment has the potential to benefit plant growth, rather than to generate stress induced anthocya - nin production. We used cherry radish in the present study, as it is a nutritious and popular vegetable worldwide [26]. Moreo - ver, with the red hypocotyls resulting from anthocyanin accumulation, radish sprouts could provide visual evi - dence for the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. Our results here suggested hemin could induce anthocyanin accu - mulation in plants through NO signalling pathway. Results Effects of hemin application on anthocyanin accumulation and endogenous NO production in radish sprouts The anthocyanin contents in the hypocotyls of radish sprouts were examined after cultured with 1, 10, 25 and 50 μM hemin for 48 h. As shown in Fig.  1, signifi - cantly higher anthocyanin contents were observed in all hemin treated hypocotyls, along with enhanced NO levels, as compare to no-hemin control. However, the increase of anthocyanin was disproportionate to the raise of NO amount. Clearly, the anthocyanin biosyn - thesis in radish hypocotyl was highly sensitive to low level of hemin application, but quickly plateaued out when supplied with higher concentrations of hemin concentrations (Fig.  1B). In contrast, the endogenous NO contents exhibited a roughly linear increase by hemin applications up to 25  μM (Fig.  1C). The appli - cation of 50  μM hemin increased radish total fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and hypocotyl fresh weight (Fig. 1 D-F). The effects of hemin treatment on the contents of dif - ferent anthocyanin monomers were also assessed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Among the different anthocyanin monomers, cyanidin 3-O-glucosyl-rutinoside was the main component in rad - ish hypocotyls, which accounted for 64.4% of the total anthocyanin, followed by cyanidin 3-O-xylosyl-rutino - side (11.2%), pelargonidin 3-O-glucosyl-glucoside (7.4%), peonidin 3-O-coumaroylglucoside-5-O-glucoside (5.4%) and pelargonidin 3-O-glucosyl-rutinoside (3.6%), and others only made up to less than 8% of the total anthocy - anin contents (Fig.  2). 10 μM hemin treatment exhibited a ~ 30% higher total anthocyanin level, mainly attributed to the 19.1%, 87.4%, 21.5% and 132.8% increases of cya - nidin 3-O-glucosyl-rutinoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glu - cosyl-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucosyl-rutinoside and petunidin 3-O-rutinoside respectively (Fig.  2). In contrast, the amounts of cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside, pel - argonidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin 3-O-(6’’-caffeoyl- glucoside) were significantly reduced in hemin cultured radish hypocotyls (Fig.  2). The adjusted monomer pro - portions probably led to the slight colour changes of the hypocotyl cross sections shown in Fig. 1A. Effects of NO on anthocyanin contents in hypocotyls of radish sprouts To further investigate the effect of NO on anthocyanin accumulation in the radish hypocotyls, Sodium Nitro - prusside (SNP , an exogenous NO donor) and carboxy- PTIO (cPTIO, a specific NO-scavenger) were then used. As shown in Fig.  3A, 10, 50, 100, 200 and 1000 μM SNP applications significantly enhanced anthocyanin con - tents, with the highest amount achieved by 200 μM SNP treatment. On the other hand, 50, 100, 200 and 1000 μM cPTIO treatments significantly decreased anthocyanin contents in radish hypocotyls, with the lowest anthocya - nin level detected by 200 μM cPTIO treatment (Fig.  3B). Taken together, anthocyanin accumulation in hypoco - tyls positively correlated with NO production at low to medium levels, whereas high level NO exposure could suppress anthocyanin accumulation." 636 W4247285079.pdf 0 "1 SCIeNTIfIC REPoRTS | (2018) 8:2171 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-20622-8www.nature.com/scientificreportsContraction of T cell richness in lung cancer brain metastases Aaron S. Mansfield 1, Hongzheng Ren2, Shari Sutor3, Vivekananda Sarangi4, Asha Nair4, Jaime Davila 4, Laura R. Elsbernd3, Julia B. Udell5, Roxana S. Dronca1, Sean Park 6, Svetomir N. Markovic1, Zhifu Sun 4, Kevin C. Halling2, Wendy K. Nevala3, Marie Christine Aubry2, Haidong Dong 3 & Jin Jen2,7 Very little is known about how the adaptive immune system responds to clonal evolution and tumor heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer. We profiled the T-cell receptor β complementarity determining region 3 in 20 patients with fully resected non-small cell lung cancer primary lesions and paired brain metastases. We characterized the richness, abundance and overlap of T cell clones between pairs, in addition to the tumor mutation burden and predicted neoantigens. We found a significant contraction in the number of unique T cell clones in brain metastases compared to paired primary cancers. The vast majority of T cell clones were specific to a single lesion, and there was minimal overlap in T cell clones between paired lesions. Despite the contraction in the number of T cell clones, brain metastases had higher non-synonymous mutation burdens than primary lesions. Our results suggest that there is greater richness of T cell clones in primary lung cancers than their paired metastases despite the higher mutation burden observed in metastatic lesions. These results may have implications for immunotherapy. Advances in genomic profiling have facilitated the molecular characterization of tumor heterogeneity in many types of cancers. Although the implications of spatial and temporal tumor heterogeneity may not yet be fully understood, clonal evolution likely affects prognosis, treatment selection, therapeutic response and treatment resistance 1–3. Despite our burgeoning understanding of tumor heterogeneity, very little is known about the dynamics of tumor immunogenicity and the repertoire of the adaptive immune response to metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The discovery of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) 4 and its effects on T cell function and survival5 have revolutionized cancer therapeutics. There are three drugs that inhibit PD-L1 or its receptor PD-1 that are approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC 6 and many others agents are in development. PD-L1 expression by tumor cells has been explored as a predictive biomarker for patients to receive these agents, but there is significant confusion about the clinical applicability of discrepant PD-L1 expression between paired lesions 7. Many issues including the dynamics and context of PD-L1 expression8, the size of a specimen9, the timing of specimen acquisition in relation to treatment, and the agreement between assays all contribute to this confusion 10,11. Additionally, we have reported that PD-L1 expression can be temporally dynamic12 and is heter - ogeneous between multifocal lung cancers13 and between paired primary lesions and brain metastases14. During these studies we noticed that there was significant variability in tumor infiltration by lymphocytes between paired primary lesions and brain metastases. Accordingly, we sought to assess the distribution of T cell clones between paired NSCLC primary lesions and brain metastases in order to characterize the temporal and spatial relatedness of the adaptive immune response. Results Brain metastases have significantly fewer T cell clones than paired primary lesions. To eval- uate the distribution of T cell clones between primary and metastatic sites, we identified a cohort of 20 patients 1Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. 2Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. 3Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. 4Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. 5Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 6Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. 7Genome Analysis Core and the Biomarker Discovery Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.S.M. (email: mansfield.aaron@mayo.edu ) or J.J. (email: Jen.Jin@mayo.edu )Received: 7 November 2017 Accepted: 17 January 2018 Published: xx xx xxxxOPEN " 637 W3100348251.pdf 1 "New J. Phys. 18(2016 )043019 doi:10.1088 /1367-2630 /18/4/043019 PAPER Cyclic transformation of orbital angular momentum modes Florian Schlederer1,2, Mario Krenn1,2,4, Robert Fickler1,2,3, Mehul Malik1,2and Anton Zeilinger1,2,4 1Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Wien, Austria 2Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria 3Present address : Department of Physics and Max Planck Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa,Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada 4Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mario.krenn@univie.ac.at andanton.zeilinger@univie.ac.at Keywords: photonic orbital angular momentum, quantum transformation, computer-designed experiment, high-dimensional Hilbert- space, cyclic transformation Abstract The spatial modes of photons are one realization o f a QuDit, a quantum system that is described in aD-dimensional Hilbert space. In order to perform quantum information tasks with QuDits, a general class of D-dimensional unitary transfo rmations is needed. Among these, cyclic transforma- tions are an important special case required in many high-dimensional quantum communication protocols. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a cyclic transformation in the high-dimensional space of photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM ). Using simple linear optical components, we show a successful four-fold cycli c transformation of OAM modes. Interestingly, our experimental setup was found by a computer algorithm. In addition to the four-cyclic transformation, the algorithm also found extensi ons to higher-dimensional cycles in a hybrid space of OAM and polarization. Besides being useful for quantum cryptography with QuDits, cyclictransformations are key for the experimental production of high-dimensional maximally entangledBell-states. Introduction The polarization of photons is a well-studied and reliable degree-of-freedom for the transmission of information. Using simple optical components such as half and quarter wave-plates, one can perform anyunitary operation for polarization. However, photon polarization resides in a two-dimensional space, where themaximal information content of a single photon is limited to one bit. Having access to more than one bit perphoton is not only conceptually interesting, but allows the implementation of novel advanced quantum communication and computation problems [1,2]. For example, moving to a larger alphabet in quantum key distribution not only increases the key generation rate, but also provides improved resistance against noise andadvanced eavesdropping attacks [3–5]. There are several options for exploring discrete high-dimensional photonic degrees-of-freedom. For example, one can send a photon into one out of many possible paths [6,7]. In such a ‘path-encoding, ’it is also known how to perform arbitrary unitary transformations [8]. However, path-encoding is not well suited for the purpose of communication due to very strict alignment and stability requirements. A more suitable degree-of-freedom is the spatial structure of photons, which involves Hermite –Gauss [9], Ince –Gauss [10,11]or Laguerre – Gauss modes [12,13]in the paraxial approximation. In particular, photons with a Laguerre –Gaussian mode structure can carry integer values ℓof orbital angular momentum (OAM )with a helical phase front which goes from 0 to pℓ2. As the OAM is theoretically unbounded, it gives access to a large state space. For this reason, it has been used in many classical [14–16]and quantum communication experiments [17–19], as well as in the investigation of quantum entanglement in large Hilbert spaces [20–22]. The ability to perform arbitrary unitary transformations directly in the OAM degree-of-freedom would greatly expand its use in quantum information. An indirect approach to carrying out such transformations is to OPEN ACCESS RECEIVED 14 December 2015 REVISED 3 March 2016 ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION 24 March 2016 PUBLISHED 14 April 2016 Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence . Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author (s)and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft" 638 W2955711888.pdf 4 "observed and classified into three groups: Around type (type A), Cobweb type (type C) and Deficient type (type D) as shown in Figs. 3,4and 5. The distribution of blood flow patterns between affected status and the position of the colon were com- pared. Three sampling types of vascular distribution at the same segment may be inconsistent (for example, two As and one C), and the more serious type determined the data of this segment (type C). Most patients did not have type D and no corresponding proportion was given at this time (NA). The difference of blood flow pattern distribution was obvious between UC patients andhealthy subjects ( P<0.01). Further comparison showed that the difference of the blood flow distribution of UC patients and healthy subjects in the ascending and trans- verse/descending colon was also significantly different (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Type A blood flow was the most common type of capillary distribution for healthy subjects and accounted for 66.67% of the data. Type C blood flow could be seen in healthy subjects and UC patients. Type D blood flow only appeared in UC patients of Mayo score 1 as shown in Table 4. Patients ’records review and recurrence Over nearly 5 years, all of the patients had clinical re- lapse and the minimum was at least one time, while the maximum was 4 times of moderate or severe clinical re- currence. There were moderate to more severe relapses in three patients with type D blood flow within 1 year. Among the three patients with type D blood flow, there were two patients that received a step-up treatment scheme as shown in Table 5. Discussion The most interesting finding of this study is the im- balanced mucosal microcirculation, especially in the Mayo one score area of the affected segment. The phenomenon of local mucosal ischemia is correlated with incomplete mucosal healing in the remission of UC and a greater chance of recurrence. These results are different from certain previous studies, including enhanced CT and MR [ 13], Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound [ 14], magnifying endoscopy and virtual chromoendoscopy (i.e., narrow band imaging) [ 15], which mostly found that mucosal blood flow was increased in the affected segment of active IBD patients and recovered to normal when they entered the remission period. The above studies were conducted from a macroscopic pers- pective. It is our speculation that although the whole mucosal blood flow increased because of the des- truction of mucosal glands and inflammatory cell in- filtration in the lamina propria, the lamina propria interstitial space was relatively increased [ 16]. InTable 1 Patient Characteristics Patient Characteristics No. of Subjects UC patients 7 Healthy subjects 7 Median age (min, max), year UC patients 50 (22,75) Healthy subjects 48 (36,59) Sex, female 4/7 57.1% Medical history, y 15.3 Extent of disease E2 2/7 28.6% E3 5/7 71.4% Main treatment of the induction period 5-ASA 1/7 14.3% Glucocoricoid 4/7 57.1% Anti-TNF 2/7 28.6% Severity of disease Moderate 3 42.9% Severe 4 57.1% Maintenance period treatment 5-ASA 5/7 71.4% AZA 2/7 28.6% 5-ASA 5-aminosalicylic acid (Mesalamine), AZA Azathioprine Table 2 Extent of disease and the distribution of the mucosal Mayo score Case Ascending colon Transverse/Descending colon Sigmoid colon E2 Unaffected Unaffected Affected Mayo score 1 E3 Affected Mayo score 0 Affected Mayo score 0 Affected Mayo score 1 E3 Unaffected Affected Mayo score 1 Affected Mayo score 1 E3 Affected Mayo score 0 Affected Mayo score 0 Affected Mayo score 0 E2 Unaffected Unaffected Affected Mayo score 0 E3 Affected Mayo score 0 Affected Mayo score 1 Affected Mayo score 1 E3 Unaffected Affected Mayo score 1 Affected Mayo score 1Tian et al. BMC Gastroenterology (2019) 19:114 Page 5 of 9" 639 W2588913469.pdf 7 "Analisis Nilai Impendasi …124 lemari es, menghasilkan nilai impedansi semakin rendah. Frekuensi yang cocok untuk pengukuran pada daging ikan nila berformalin adalah frekuensi 1 kHz – 10 kHz. DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1 Wu L, Ogawa Y, Tagawa A. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy analysis of Eggplant Pulp and Effect of Drying and Freezing –Thawing Treatments on Its Impedance Charactersitic. Food Engineerin g. 2008;87:274 –80. 2 Olarte O, Barbé K, Van Moer W, Van Ingelgem Y, Hubin A. Measurement and Characterization of Glucose in NaCl Aqueous Solutions by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2014 Nov [cited 2015 Feb 27];14:9 –18. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1746809414000949 3 Jaffrin MY, Morel H. Body Fluid Volumes Measurements by Impedance: A Review of Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS) and Bioimpedance Analysis (BI A) Methods. Medical engineering & physics [Internet]. 2008 Dec [cited 2015 Apr 28];30(10):1257 –69. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18676172 4 Purwanto RE, Sujatmiko A, Mesin JT, Malang PN, Hatta JS. Identifikasi Kerusakan Sel Melalui Penga matan Perubahan Distribusi Impedansi Elektris. SENTIA. Malang: Politeknik Negeri Malang; 2009. 5 Fox CH, Johnson FB, Whiting J, Roller PP. Formaldehyde Fixation. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 1985;33(8):845 –53. 6 Lorenzo A De, Andreoli A, Matt hie J, Withers P, Haverkort EB, Binnekade JM, et al. Predicting Body Cell mass with Bioimpedance by Using Theoretical Methods : a Technological Review. Journal of Applied Physiol [Internet]. 1997;82:1542 –58. Available from: http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/re print/82/5/1542 7 Ivorra A. A . Bioimpedance monitoring for physicians : an overview 1. Medicina per a No Metges (Medicine for non physicians). Barcelona; 2002. p. 131 –78. 8 Noor JA. Impedance Tomography. 2010. 9 Riyanto B, Maddu A, Supriyanto. Pendeteksian Ti ngkat Kesegaran Filet Ikan Nila Menggunakan Pengukuran Sifat Biolistrik. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 2012;15." 640 W4248297382.pdf 3 "Fig. 1 Flowchart of the inclusion and exclusion of the patients Table 1 Baseline characteristics Variable TXA group (n = 63) NS group ( n= 62) Pvalue Female ( n, %) 42 (66.67) 40 (64.52) 0.81 Age (year) 78.05 ± 7.62 78.66 ± 6.95 0.64 BMI (kg/m2) 22.27 ± 3.03 22.19 ± 2.87 0.89 AO fracture classification (A1/A2/A3) 21/26/16 20/28/14 0.74 ASA classification, I –II/III –IV 22/41 20/42 0.89 Length of trauma to admission (h) 2 (1 to 6) 2 (1 to 6) 0.45 Length of admission to randomization (h) 1.5 (1 to 2.5) 2 (1 to 2.5) 0.09 Closed reduction with PFNA ( n, %) 57 (90.5) 58 (93.5) 0.65 Values are n(%) or mean ± SD. Categorical data were compared among groups using the chi-squared test BMI body mass index, PFNA proximal femoral nail antirotationMaet al. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research (2021) 16:106 Page 4 of 7" 641 W3200439720.pdf 5 "Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021 ,18, 9601 6 of 13 of freedom ( df) should be 3, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value should be 0.10 with the 90% confidence interval (CI), the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) value should be 0.08, the comparative fit index (CFI) value should be 0.85, the Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) value should be 0.08, and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) is assessed as the smaller the better [ 23,24]. The 2fit index evaluates how well a hypothesized model fits data from a set of measuring items. Multivariate normality of data, acceptable sample size, no structured incomplete data, and sufficient model specification are all requirements of the 2model fit index [ 23,24]. Additionally, the convergent validity was examined by measuring the average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR). Values of the AVE of >0.50 [ 23] and CR of >0.70 [ 38] were identified as appropriate. Moreover, Pearson’s correlation coefficients with pvalue of <0.05 were used to explore the convergent and divergent validities [ 11,23]. Data analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) and AMOS Version 25 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). 3. Results 3.1. Sample Characteristics of Participants Characteristics of participants are summarized in Table 2. The mean age was 55.44 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 6.92 years, and the average FBG level was 304.49 (27.04) mg/d L. Mean (SD) DASS-21 stress, anxiety, and depression scores were 13.65 (2.99), 8.02 (0.73), and 13.61 (5.04), respectively. Mean (SD) SF-36 total QoL score, MCS, and PCS were 47.48 (8.48), 49.31 (10.38), and 45.66 (9.47), respectively. The majority of participants were female, unmarried, and had an educational ISCED level of <3, a body mass index of <25 kg/m2, a nonsmoking status, and low physical activity (Table 2). Table 2. Sociodemographic and health-related status of participants. VariableConstruct Validity ( n= 294) Test–Retest Reliability ( n= 30) Mean SD n % Mean SD n % Age (years) 55.44 6.92 54.37 5.74 30 100 Gender Female 237 80.6 27 90 Male 57 19.4 3 10 Marital status Not married 159 54.1 22 73.3 Married 135 45.9 8 26.7 Education ISCED < 3 169 57.5 23 76.7 ISCED 3 125 42.5 7 23.3 BMI (kg/m2) 25 116 39.5 12 40 <25 178 60.5 18 60 Physical activity (MET-h/week) <7.5 273 92.9 29 96.7 7.5 21 7.1 1 3.3 Smoking Active smoker 33 11.2 3 10 Nonsmoker 261 88.8 27 90 FBG (mg/dL) 304.49 27.04 303.27 63.03 DASS-21 stress 13.65 2.99 16.0 1.76 DASS-21 anxiety 8.02 0.73 7.87 0.43 DASS-21 depression 13.61 5.04 14.0 4.14 SF-36 total QoL 47.48 8.48 43.70 8.73 SF-36 MCS 49.31 10.38 43.66 10.92 SF-36 PCS 45.66 9.47 43.75 7.47 Notes: BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; DASS-21, 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; ISCED, International Standard Classification of Education; MCS, mental component score; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; PCS, physical component score; SD, standard deviation; SF-36, 36-item Short Form Health Survey; QoL, quality of life." 642 W4232909559.pdf 33 "44   2 Landscape’s revenge Böll’s début novel is primarily concerned with life, with how one continues to live when all seems to point at death and despair. The colorful life Böll never - theless indentifies in the landscape (the landscape between 1944  –  when the narrative is set – and 1948 – when the book was finished) is not a human life, and although plants are blossoming, man is not thriving, and the novel ends, accordingly, in tragedy and despair. Böll’s novel is exemplary not only because it contributes to the departure of post-war German-language literature towards new beginnings, but also because it does so by decisively moving the characters’ actions and fates indoors, both physically and mentally, a maneuver foreshad - owed – albeit still timidly, in comparison – by Walser, as shall also be shown further on. These characters’ existences are less corporal than vaporous, so overwhelming is their guilt, anguish, and perplexity. Landscape’s unrelenting indifference spawns a world of abandonment from which the artist derives no meaning, and in which he or she struggles to find his or her place and relevance (is the author dead, after all?). The landscape is neutralized as twentieth century literature turns more and more to language, as is the case with Thomas Bernhard (1931–1989), whose writings are equally central to this research, as mentioned in the introduction. If the importance of landscapes once rested on “the relationships between the physical environment and human society”, thus underlying the engagement of people “with the world around them” (Whyte 2001, 7), the second half of the twentieth century abruptly severed this connection by increasingly alienating the representation of landscape in literary works. 45 The (mental and physical) indoors became the rule, and the landscape was no longer worthy of a leading role. Landscape was once again turned into the supporting act meant to hold the show’s background together, but instead of serving religion, like it did in Dürer’s day, it now seems to serve a combination of two possible outcomes, as posited in this research: either to infuse a literary text with the hue of sensibility (or prosaic poetry), or to convey a feeling of World-literature authenticity. Roland Barthes’ (1915–1980) theoretical and eventually testimonial dealings with the outdoors – its weather and light, its topography and melody – is a good 45 A particularly European maneuver that was counterattacked by the rebirth of American Realism in the late 1980s, whereupon the landscape – albeit an urban one – was once again given some prominence as a link between literature (art) and society (world). Tom Wolfe’s initial manifesto “Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast: A Literary Manifesto for the New Social Novel” (1989) and, further on, Jonathan Franzen’s successful rebranding of a Tolstoy-inspired all- encompassing ambition as seen in The Corrections (2001) and Freedom (2010), were fundamen- tal to the twenty-first century Realist insurgence." 643 W2736404693.pdf 9 "MARCH 22, 1965] CHROMOSOME NUMBERS 113 ScROPHULARIACEAE ANTIRRHINUM MULTIFLORUM Penn. n = 16u*. Saddle Peak, Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles Co., Calif., Raven 15392 (LA). ANTIRRHINUM NUTTALLIANUM Benth. 2n = 16n. Ridge above Chinese Harbor, 900 ft., Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara Co., Calif., Breedlove 2793 (DS), progeny (= Raven 18179, DS). GALVESIA JUNCEA (Benth.) Ball. 2n = 15u*. 14 miles south of San Quintin, Baja, Cali­ fornia, Raven 17026 (RSA). GALVE~IA SPECIOSA (Nutt) A. Gray. 2n = 15u*. San Clemente Island, Los Angeles Co., Calif., Peirson 3476 (RSA), progeny (DS). MoHAVEA coNFERTIFLORA (Benth.) Heller. 2n = 15u*. Box Canyon, Riverside Co., Calif., Bates 2297 A (DS). PENSTEMON ALBOMARGINATUs M. E. Jones. 2n = · 8u*. 21 miles east of Newberry, San Bernardino Co., Calif., Raven 13900 (RSA). PENSTEMON CLEVELANDII A. Gray var. ANGELicus I. M. Johnst. n = 8*. Arroyo Estat6n, Isla Angel da la Guarda, Baja California, Moran 8580 (SD). ScROPHULARIA CALIFORNICA Cham. & Schlecht. subsp. CALIFORNICA. 2n = 48u*. West Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co., Calif., Raven 15412 (LA). This plant provided excellent metaphase I figures when fixed in 3 parts absolute ethanol : 1 part glacial acetic acid. Taking into ac­ count the approximate chromosome numbers published by Shaw (Aliso 5: 156-158. 1962), we consider it likely that all North American species except S. montana Wooten and poss­ ibly S. marilandica L. will prove to have n = 48. SoLANUM DOUGLAS!! Dunal. 2n 126 (DS). SoLANACEAE 12n. East Whittier, Los Angeles Co., Calif., Kyhos 62- STAPHYLEACEAE STAPHYLEA BOLANDER! A. Gray. 2n = 13n*. Near summit of Tollhouse Grade, Fresno, Co., Calif., Frampton in 1956, progeny (RSA). Apparently the first diploid in this small family to be reported from North America. STYRACACEAE STYRAX OFFICINALIS L. var. FULVESCENS (Eastw.) Munz & Johnst. 2n = 8rr*. Main Divide Road, Santa Ana Mountains, Orange Co., Calif., Wolf & Stark 4441 (RSA), progeny. VALERIANACEAE PLECTRITIS MACROCERA Torr. & Gray, n = 15*. 14.5 miles southeast of Livermore on the Mines Road, Alameda Co., Calif., Raven 18761 (DS). A new basic number for the Valeria­ naceae, which underscores the distinctiveness of Plectritis from Valerionella and other genera. The preparations were excellent. VERBENA LASIOSTACHYS Link. 2n 15411 (LA). VERBENACEAE 7u*. West Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co., Calif., Raven" 644 W4379516886.pdf 11 "Potravinarstvo Slovak Jo urnal of Food Sciences Volume 17 478 2023 1. Physical Resources Physical resources owned by avocado farmers are land whose area is different from the total land area for avocado plants in South Warkuk Ranau Di strict of 20,951.50 ha. Farmers are cultivated by avoca do through the cone sari method. Equipment owned by farmer s for cultivation to postharve st avocados in the form of hoes, pest spraying devices, flush tools, and sacks. 2. Human Resources Compared to other resources like capital and technology, human resources make up the majority of an organization since people are in charge of them. For example, u sing mobile phones to improve communication within the supply chain. For example between farmers and collec tors [34]. Human resources in the Avocado Supply chain in South Warkuk Rana uDistrict invol ved labor in th e family and workers outside the family. Work carried out by workers in the family, namely routine activities such as watering, maintenance using pest spraying, and fertilization. While the harvest of farmers is helped by fa mily labor, other operati ons like land treatment and avocado land cleaning after harvest use daily workers from outs ide the family. 3. Technology Resources Technology resources used by farm ers in the avocado cultivation process still use traditional methods such as hoes for land treatment, and the harvesting process is carried out manually using human labor. Refer to research [35] weeding by hand is the most common practice in Nepal. Most farm ers still manually remove weeds with small hand tools such as spades, various hand hoes (kuto, kodal o, kodali), and sickles. Farmers' use of information technology Farmers' use of info rmation technology is only limit ed to mobile phones to facilitate communication between supply chain members. For example, between farmers and collectors. 4. Capital Resources Based on the research results on business capital obtained by f armers come from their own capital and collectors. Own capital is obtained from the revenue of the harvesting peri od of plantation crops such as coffee and rubber. In addition, some farmers also c hose to borrow capital from col lectors or middlemen. Fa rmers with narrow lands who lack a strong capital base (p roletarian) are used as opport unities for middlemen and tr ader farmers as capital owners (bourgeois) to be utilized o r exploited by providing loa ns to farmers even without loan interest and the need for labor from farmers with narrow lands [36]. As a result, because they previously felt helped during the agricultural production process, these smallholder farmers sell their crops to middlemen or farmer-traders. Figure 8 Avocado farmers and a vocado fruit marketing. Supply Chain Performance Supply chain performance is the performance of activities relat ed to the flow of goods, information, and funds from suppliers to end consumers [37], [38] . To find out the performance o f the supply chain in avocado agribusiness is carried out through marketing margin analysis a nd farmer’s share analysis . Marketing Margin Marketing margin is the price difference producers receive from the final consumer's cost of goods. Marketing margins are used to see receipts received by each component in the marketing channel. Each stage of the marketing " 645 W2113189060.pdf 10 "by Opatrna et al. [43] showed that the serum levels of PCT were increased in PD patients without overt signs of infection compared with healthy volunteers. Butfollow-up studies revealed the plasma clearance rate of PCT correlated weakly with renal function dysfunc- tion, and it might not influence clinical decisions based on PCT [42,44]. Our meta-analysis also confirmed an ac- ceptable diagnostic accuracy for PCT testing in PD pa- tients (Sensitivity, 0.64; Specificity, 0.91; DOR: 18.33; AUROC: 0.89). SBP is the most frequent and life-threatening infection in decompensated cirrhotic patients [45]. Owing to an inadequately immune response, clinical manifestations of SBP in cirrhotic patients may be atypical. There is considerable evidence indicating that high PCT levelsmay be related to infections in cirrhosis [25]. Although the liver is considered as the main source of PCT, a study performed by Bota et al. [46] showed that serumlevels of PCT did not significantly decrease in cirrhotic patients. Moreover, PCT had similar predictive power for infection in patients with and without cirrhosis. Inaccordance with these findings, our meta-analysis also showed that serum PCT testing has a good accuracy for the diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients (Sensitivity, 0.86; Specificity, 0.94; DOR: 85.89; AUROC: 0.91). Some authors postulated that ascitic PCT might be more sensitive than serum PCT for the early identifica- tion of peritonitis, because bacterial infection could trig- ger peritoneal inflammatory cells to produce PCT, whichthen may accumulate in the ascitic fluid. In the present study, the pooled analysis of 5 studies [22,23,28,29,34] suggested that ascitic PCT (DOR: 80.93; AUROC: 0.96)to was similar with serum PCT (DOR: 85.89; AUROC: 0.91) in diagnosing peritonitis in cirrhotic patients. And Viallon et al. found that PCT detection in ascitic fluidwas due to hyperpermeability of peritoneum, while PCT was not synthesized by leucocytes in ascites [23]. These small and in part not significant differences rather supported the assumption of Viallon et al. that PCT detection in the ascitic fluid was the result of a pas- sive shift due to increased vascular permeability in- stead of an intraperitoneal synthesis. Considering the serious harm for the missed diagnoses of peritonitis, it is not recommended to use ascitic PCT testing as a stand-alone test, and more larger prospective trials are needed to fully elucidate the potential diagnostic value of ascitic PCT. Fungal peritonitis is a quite uncommon but potentially fatal complication both in peritoneal dialysed [47] and advanced liver cirrhosis patients [48]. The clinical char- acteristics of fungal peritonitis is not typical and easy to be misdiagnosed. In addition, fungi infections usually re- sult in treatment failure with antibacterial agents andeven removing the PD catheter. Early recognition of fun- gal peritonitis allows for timely and effective therapy with improved outcome, but it is hampered by a lack ofa reliable diagnostic tool. There is a significant body of clinical research indicates good diagnostic accuracy for the PCT test for discrimination between invasive fungalinfection and bacterial infection [6,49]. However, the dif- ferential diagnostic value of the PCT testing on fungal peritonitis has not been explored. It is speculated that the PCT testing can provide effective sensitivity and spe- cificity for distinguishing fungal peritonitis from bacter- ial peritonitis. The pooled likelihood ratio estimates (LR +and LR−) was analyzed to calculate post-test probabilities. In a vir- tual population with a 20% prevalence of peritonitis (the actual prevalence of SBP in hospitalized cirrhotic pa- tients with ascites was 10-30% [50]), use of a serum PCT test with an LR + of 11.06 would increase the posttest probability (positive predictive value) to 72%. In other words, about 3 in 4 patients with positive PCT test re- sults may have confirmed peritonitis. Likewise, in thesame population, application of a serum PCT test with a negative likelihood ratio of 0.18 would reduce the post- test probability to 5%, In other words, 1 in 20 patients with negative PCT results may have peritonitis. Using data from the subgroup with a higher PCT cut-off value (0.615 –13.7 ng/mL), a similar calculation indicated a positive post-test probability of 85% and a negative post-test probability of 7%. There was substantial heterogeneity detected for the overall results between the eighteen included studies. Potential source of heterogeneity included the different characteristics of the studies, such as methodological qua- lity, admission category, size of the study populations, different reference standards in PD or cirrhotic patients for peritonitis (ascitic PMN > 50/mm 3or > 250/mm3,r e - spectively), different countries and different human race and different methods used for measurement of PCT (LUMItest, ECLIA and the Semi-quantitative PCT-Q as-say systems). And other unrecorded differences among these studies might also contribute to the heterogeneity. Evaluation with individual patient data or meta-regression would help in this analysis of the sources of heterogeneity. However, the meta-regression would have to adjust forfactors at individual patient level, which were not available at present, therefore it limited our ability to further evalu- ate heterogeneity. On the other hand, using more homo- geneous trials could solve this difficulty, but it could induce selection bias. There are several potential limitations to our study that should be addressed. First, in our meta-analysis, various PCT testing assay tools and various PCT cut-off values were used in differ-ent included studies, and sensitivities and specificitiesYang et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2014, 14:452 Page 11 of 13 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/14/452" 646 W2042785256.pdf 7 "8 International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences /intersectiontext{PU|Pis a maximal ideal of CwithU/PU 2-torsion free }/equalmath0. Thusd/parenleftmathU/parenrightmath/bracketleftmathU, U/bracketrightmath/equalmath0. Without loss of generality, we have d/parenleftmathR/parenrightmath/bracketleftmathR,R/bracketrightmath/equalmath0. This implies that 0/equalmathd/parenleftBig R2/parenrightBig /bracketleftmathR,R/bracketrightmath/equalmathd/parenleftmathR/parenrightmathR/bracketleftmathR,R/bracketrightmath/plusmathRd/parenleftmathR/parenrightmath/bracketleftmathR,R/bracketrightmath/equalmathd/parenleftmathR/parenrightmathR/bracketleftmathR,R/bracketrightmath. /parenleftmath3.3/parenrightmath Therefore /bracketleftmathR,d/parenleftmathR/parenrightmath/bracketrightmathR/bracketleftmathR,d/parenleftmathR/parenrightmath/bracketrightmath /equalmath 0. By semiprimeness of R, we have /bracketleftmathR,d/parenleftmathR/parenrightmath/bracketrightmath /equalmath 0, that is, d/parenleftmathR/parenrightmath⊆Z/parenleftmathR/parenrightmath. This completes the proof of the theorem. References /bracketleftmath1/bracketrightmathE. C. Posner, “Derivations in prime rings,” Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society , vol. 8, pp. 1093–1100, 1957. /bracketleftmath2/bracketrightmathC. Lanski, “Di fferential identities, Lie ideals, and Posner’s theorems,” Pacific Journal of Mathematics , vol. 134, no. 2, pp. 275–297, 1988. /bracketleftmath3/bracketrightmathH. E. Bell and W. S. Martindale III, “Centralizing mappings of semiprime rings,” Canadian Mathematical Bulletin , vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 92–101, 1987. /bracketleftmath4/bracketrightmathI. N. Herstein, “A note on derivations,” Canadian Mathematical Bulletin , vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 369–370, 1978. /bracketleftmath5/bracketrightmathV. De Filippis, “On derivations and commutativity in prime rings,” International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences , no. 69–72, pp. 3859–3865, 2004. /bracketleftmath6/bracketrightmathK. I. Beidar, W. S. Martindale III, and A. V. Mikhalev, Rings with Generalized Identities , vol. 196 of Monographs and Textbooks in Pure and Applied Mathematics , Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA, 1996. /bracketleftmath7/bracketrightmathT. K. Lee, “Semiprime rings with di fferential identities,” Bulletin of the Institute of Mathematics Academia Sinica , vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 27–38, 1992. /bracketleftmath8/bracketrightmathM. Bre ˇsar, “One-sided ideals and derivations of prime rings,” Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society , vol. 122, no. 4, pp. 979–983, 1994. /bracketleftmath9/bracketrightmathV. K. Kharchenko, “Di fferential identities of prime rings,” Algebra i Logika , vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 155–168, 1978. /bracketleftmath10/bracketrightmathC. Lanski, “An Engel condition with derivation,” Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society , vol. 118, no. 3, pp. 731–734, 1993. /bracketleftmath11/bracketrightmathW. S. Martindale III, “Prime rings satisfying a generalized polynomial identity,” Journal of Algebra , vol. 12, pp. 576–584, 1969. /bracketleftmath12/bracketrightmathI. N. Herstein, Topics in Ring Theory , The University of Chicago Press, , Chicago, Ill, USA, 1969. /bracketleftmath13/bracketrightmathH. E. Bell and Q. Deng, “On derivations and commutativity in semiprime rings,” Communications in Algebra , vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 3705–3713, 1995. /bracketleftmath14/bracketrightmathC.-L. Chuang, “GPI’s having coe fficients in Utumi quotient rings,” Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society , vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 723–728, 1988. /bracketleftmath15/bracketrightmathC. Faith and Y. Utumi, “On a new proof of Lito ff’s theorem,” Acta Mathematica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae , vol. 14, pp. 369–371, 1963. /bracketleftmath16/bracketrightmathK. I. Beidar, “Rings of quotients of semiprime rings,” Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta , vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 36–43, 1978." 647 W2974869847.pdf 15 "261 CENA DE INTERIOR II E QUEERMUSEU: CARTOGRAFIAS DAS DIFERENÇAS NA ARTE BRASILEIRA SILENCIADAS EM PORTO ALEGRE Eduardo Cristiano Hass da Silva Bárbara Virgínia Groff da SilvaPalíndromo, v. 11, n. 25, p. 261-265, set - dez 2019ráveis é de 7,16% do total enquanto o uso de robôs no contingente de intera- ções desfavoráveis é de 12,97%. Vale interpretar dois aspectos desses percen- tuais apontados pelo estudo: de que pelo levantamento feito pela FGV, em relação ao volume de interação de cada grupo (favoráveis e desfavoráveis) mostra que o uso de robôs em favor da exposição é infinitamente menor comparativamente ao volume de apoiadores, e o de robôs contra a exposição é praticamente da mesma escala se comparado ao todo de interações desfa- voráveis. Isso mostra que de fato uma imensa maioria que se manifestou era a favor da exposição (G1, 2018, online). Pesquisas como essas são importantes por apresentar dados sobre o perigo dessa disseminação através de distintas redes sociais de notícias e boatos que podem levar à censura de exposições que se propõem a pensar o diferente como alterida- de, a apontar aspectos sociais que não são considerados dentro do “padrão”, porém que abarcam um contingente de pessoas diversas. Conforme analisa Guacira Louro (2001): Hoje, as chamadas “minorias” sexuais estão muito mais visíveis e, consequen- temente, torna-se mais explícita e acirrada a luta entre elas e os grupos con- servadores. A denominação que lhes é atribuída parece, contudo, bastante imprópria. Como afirma em seu editorial a revista La Gandhi Argentina, “as minorias nunca poderiam se traduzir como uma inferioridade numérica, mas sim como maiorias silenciosas que, ao se politizar, convertem o gueto em ter - ritório e o estigma em orgulho – gay, étnico, de gênero”. Sua visibilidade tem efeitos contraditórios: por um lado, alguns setores sociais passam a demons- trar uma crescente aceitação da pluralidade sexual e, até mesmo, passam a consumir alguns de seus produtos culturais; por outro lado, setores tradicio- nais renovam (e recrudescem) seus ataques, realizando desde campanhas de retomada dos valores tradicionais da família até manifestações de extrema agressão e violência física (LOURO, 2001, p. 542). Os ataques e discursos de ódio aconteceram em diferentes espaços da internet: vídeos no Youtube com seus comentários, páginas e perfis no Facebook, campanhas de boicote ao Banco Santander pelo Twitter, textos em blogs, enfim as possibilidades foram diversas e podem servir como material de outros artigos ou trabalhos acadê- micos. Como um breve exemplo de análise, selecionamos alguns comentários de reportagens sobre o “Queermuseu” que foram postados por perfis de usuários do Fa- cebook em sites de notícias como GaúchaZH e G1. A escolha por meios de comuni- cação relacionados com a Rede Globo ocorreu devido a abrangência e popularidade desses veículos de comunicação. A reportagem de Gustavo Foster intitulada “‘Queermuseu’: quais são e o que representam as obras que causaram o fechamento da exposição”, de 11 de setembro de 2017, apresenta algumas imagens das obras e entre as selecionadas está a “Cena de Interior II”. Eis alguns comentários localizados abaixo do texto da reportagem113 : COMENTÁRIO 1: lixo. Imbecilidade humana....aliás,,,,onde estão os movimen- tos de defesa do negro?!!! colocam um negro sendo currado por um branco e praticando sexo oral em outro branco e todos calados!!! [...] COMENTÁRIO 2: Eu, particularmente, achei deprimente, altamente precon- 11.A grafia e digitação não sofreram alterações, sendo destacadas em itálico as gírias e os erros ortográficos. Além disso, preferimos não identificar nesse artigo o nome do perfil de Facebook que realizou o comentário nos sites de notícias." 648 W2078289653.pdf 1 "and reoperation rates were only marginally higher com- pared with 7240 unilateral TAPP operations [ 4]. On that scientific basis, laparoscopic/endoscopic repair of bilateral inguinal hernia was recommended by theEuropean Hernia Society [ 5], the International Endohernia Society [ 6], European Association of Endoscopic Surgery [7] and the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS— Commissioning guide: groin hernias 2013) [ 8]. When the laparoscopic technique is used to repair a clinically diagnosed unilateral inguinal hernia, it is possibleto also explore the contralateral side. In 10–25 % of cases, an asymptomatic, preoperatively inapparent, occult inguinal hernia is identified on the other side [ 9,10]. A prospective randomized trial demonstrated that a significant proportion of incidental defects will progress to a symptomatic hernia if left untreated [ 9]. Accordingly, contralateral occult inguinal hernia found at the time of laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal patchplasty (TAPP) repair should also be re- paired [ 11]. The proportion of bilateral inguinal hernias in large clinical series repaired in TAPP technique was 28.5 % [4]. A similar proportion of 28.5 % bilateral inguinal hernias is given in the Herniamed Registry [ 12] for inguinal hernias repaired using a laparoscopic/endoscopic technique. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that following repair of a unilateral inguinal hernia, the likelihood of onsetof an inguinal hernia on the contralateral side had to be anticipated in around 1 % of cases for each year of follow- up [13,14]. In view of the favorable outcome of bilateral repair and the persistent risk of new onset of an inguinal hernia on theother side, which is set at 1 % per year following unilateral repair of inguinal hernia, the merits of prophylactic repair of a healthy groin are discussed in the literature. Zendejas et al.[13] speak about the ‘‘role for prophylaxis during endoscopic inguinal hernia repair,’ ’ and Lal et al. [ 14] ask ‘‘Is unilateral laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair a job half done?’ ’ The aim of the present analysis of the perioperative findings for 15,176 unilateral and bilateral TAPP op- erations from the Herniamed Registry was to investigatewhether the excellent results obtained for the high-volume center mentioned above could be reproduced on a large scale in several hospitals where surgeons have varyingdegrees of experience. Based on these multicenter data, it will also be easier to assess whether the perioperative outcome justifies a broad expansion of the indication toprophylactic surgical repair of the healthy side. Patients and methods The Herniamed quality assurance study is a multicenter, in-ternet-based hernia registry into which 358 participating hospitals/surgeons in Germany, Austria and Switzerland(status: April 2013) had entered data prospectively on their patients who had undergone hernia surgery [ 12]. The analysis now presented here compared the prospectively collected data of all patients who had undergone either unilateral orbilateral repair of inguinal hernia in transabdominal preperitoneal patchplasty (TAPP) between September 2009 and April 2013. Inclusion criteria were minimum age of16 years, primary inguinal hernia and elective unilateral or bilateral TAPP operation performed under inpatient condi- tions. In total, 15,176 patients were enrolled. Of these pa- tients, 10,887 had a unilateral (71.7 %) and 4,289 (28.3 %) a bilateral inguinal hernia. The data on the TAPP operations recorded in the Her- niamed Registry originated from 181 out of 358 par- ticipating institutions. Forty-three centers, each of whichhad more than 100 operations, accounted for 77.2 % of the procedures. The remaining 138 centers thus supplied data on 22.8 % operations. Data on 50 % of all unilateral andbilateral TAPP operations came from only 15 hospitals. The demographic and surgery-related parameters in- cluded age (years), sex (m/w), ASA classification (I–IV) aswell as the proportion of scrotal inguinal hernias and the hernia defect size based on EHS classification (Grade I–III). The target variables were intra- and postoperative compli-cation rates, number of reoperations as well as the duration of operation and length of hospital stay. The categorical data are displayed as absolute and relative frequencies, andcontinuous variables are displayed as mean, median, stan- dard deviation and ranges. For the bilateral patient group, data on the variables given for both sides operated on wereaggregated. For inguinal hernia defects of different sizes, the side with the larger defect is given. Classification as scrotal hernia was based on the presence of at least one scrotalhernia for bilateral inguinal hernia. Intra- and postoperative complications were recorded if a complication presented on at least one side. The same method was used to presentdetails of any reoperation. All analyses were performed with the software SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NY, USA) and deliberately re-viewed to the full level of significance. Each pvalue B0.05 thus represents a statistically significant result. To discern differences between the groups in univariate analysis,Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical target variables, and the t test for continuous target variables. For data that did not follow the normal distribution, as in the case ofduration of operation and length of stay, the distribution was first transformed with the natural logarithm. To rule out any skewing of data caused by different patient char-acteristics, the results of univariate analyses were verified through multivariate analyses in which, in addition to lat- erality, other influence parameters were simultaneouslyreviewed. To assess influence factors in multivariate ana- lysis, the general linear model was used for continuous3734 Surg Endosc (2015) 29:3733–3740 123" 649 W4220975975.pdf 0 "ISSN: 2658 -8455 Volume 3, Issue 1 -1 (2022), pp. 314-327 © Authors: CC BY -NC-ND 314 www.ijafame.org Employee Relations Practices and Firm performance : A Conceptual Model Proposal Abdeljalil MILIANI , (PhD Student ) Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences of Tangier Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco Aziz EL KHAZZAR , (PhD Professor ) Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences of Tangier Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco Imad AIT LHASSAN , (PhD ) National School of Business and Management of Tangier Abdelmalek Essaadi University , Tangier, Morocco Correspondence address : Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences of Tangier BP. 1373 - Poste principale - Tangier Abdelmalek Essaadi University Morocco (Tangier) abdeljalil.miliani@gmail.com Disclosure Statement : Authors are not aware of any findings that might be perceived as affecting the objectivity of this study Conflict of Interest : The authors report no conflicts of interest. Cite this article : MILIANI, A., EL KHAZZAR, A., & AIT LHASSAN, I. (2022). Employee Relations Practices and Firm performance: A Conceptual Model Proposal. International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics, 3(1 -1), 314 -327. https://doi.org/10.528 1/zenodo.5903278 License This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC-ND license Received: January 05, 2022 Published online: January 3 0, 202 2 International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics - IJAFAME ISSN: 2658 -8455 Volume 3, Issue 1-1 (2022)" 650 W2067186435.pdf 9 "18/O16Oand13C/12Cratios 375 REFERENCES Bottinga, Y. and Craig, H. 1969. Oxygen isotope frac- and Broecker, W. 1987. Simulations of the HDO and H218O atmospheric cycles using the NASA GISS gen- tionation between CO2and water and the isotopic composition of marine atmospheric CO2.Earth eral circulation model: The seasonal cycle for present day condition. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 14739–14760. Planet. Sci. 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Tellus 50B (1998), 4" 651 W2808438167.pdf 0 "Öz Renal tüberküloz akciğer tüberkülozunun lenfohematojen yayılımı sonucunda gelişir. Renal tüberkülozun en önemli bulgusu steril pyüridir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde Addison hastalığının %10-15’inden tüberküloz hastalığı sorumludur. Tüberküloza bağlı adrenal tutulum bilateral adrenal genişleme, atrofi ve kalsifikasyon şeklinde görülebilir. Mycobacterium tuberculosis komplekse bağlı adrenal bezlerin infeksiyonu hematojen yaylılım sonucu gelişir. Klinik bulguları yıllar sonra belirgin olabilir, asemptomatik infeksiyon oldukça sıktır. Bu yazıda, önceden Addison hastalığı (adrenokortikal yetmezlik) tanısı alan 60 yaşında bir kadın hastada saptanan renal tüberküloz sunuldu . Anahtar Kelimeler: Addison hastalığı ,renal tüberküloz,steril pyüri Abstract Renal tuberculosis is the result of lymphohematogenous spread of pulmonary tuberculosis. The most important finding of renal tuberculosis is sterile pyuria. Tuberculosis is responsible for 10-15% of Addison's disease in developing countries. Tuberculous adrenal involvement can be seen as bilateral adrenal enlargement, atrophy and calcification. Infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex adnexal glands develops hematogenous spreading outcome. Clinical findings may be evident after many years, asymptomatic infection is quite frequent. In this article, a 60-year-old female patient previously diagnosed with Addison's disease (adrenocortical insufficiency) with renal tuberculosis was presented . Key words: Addison’s disease, renal tuberculosis, steril pyuria Sorumlu Yazar*: Salih Cesur, Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Kliniği,Ankara E-posta: scesur89@yahoo.com ORCID: 0000-0003-4960-7375 Received 28.12.2017 accepted 12.3.2018 Doi: 10.18663/tjcl.372220Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory Addison hastalığı ile renal tüberküloz birlikteliği 1 Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Kliniği,Ankara 2 Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi,Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Kliniği, Kırıkkale 3 Keçiören Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Dahiliye Kliniği,Ankara 4 Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Kliniği, AnkaraRenal tuberculosis with Addison's disease Çiğdem ATAMAN HATİPOĞLU1 , Salih CESUR*1 , Cemal BULUT2 , Emine ERGÜN3 , Sami KINIKLI1 , Taliha KARAKÖK1 , Serap YAĞCI4 , Ali PEKCAN DEMİRÖZ1 262Olgu SunumuTo cite this article: Hatipoğlu ÇA, Cesur S, Bulut C et al.Addison hastalığı ile renal tüberküloz birlikteliği. Turk J Clin Lab 2019; 10: 262-264 " 652 W3201008129.pdf 2 "International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958 (Onl ine), Volume -9 Issue -5, June 2020 265 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication © Copyr ight: All rights reserved. Retrieval Number: E9467069520 /2020©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijeat. E9467 .069520 Journal Website: www.ijeat.org This method gives voltage stability in provisos of a parameter called loading margin. Loading margin is the maximum allowable load increase from the base load condition before the model enters voltage collapse. CPF also gives the wide -ranging PV cu rve of the grid buses. CPF is a precise approach for speculating the maximum loading limit and purposed the “weakest bus” When the voltage collapse happens . Simulation and it is done by using (PSAT). Several steps have been achieved the objectives, the ste p used to simulate the bus system. a) Modeling the bus system by using PSAT b) Implement the PF analysis (NR method). c) Execute the CPF and draw PV curve to find weak bus of the model d) Observe the convenient placement of FACTS devices , so it gives best execution . e) Obtained the voltage value at all buses and real power losses with and without using FACTS for OPF studies. V. V. CASES OF STUDY In this model IEEE 39 bus is get congested when connecting excess loads on the buses 7, 16,3,12. The weakest bus of the grid a t over loading condition and has minimum voltage proportion has been identified bus 7 . So, this bus is the optimal place for FACTS devices. “So the small signal stability will be check by using Eigen values and tabulate the Eigen values with the positive o r zero values with its dominant state ”. A. Small Signal Stability Analysis After the time domain simulation the Eigen values analyses are calculated for over loading condition. The results are shown in the table (II). This observes the system is in unstable condition due to overloading disturbance occur and no FACTS device connected because the positive Eigen values are exist. Connecting FACTS devices in the suitable place (bus 7 and line 7 -6 best Line for shunt compensation ) from the sensitivity based eigen v alue analysis a small signal stability is improved. The Results for applying FACTS device are tabulated, from the results the positive eigens are reduced from 1 to 0 and negative eigens are increased. So the network is maintained stable by using FACTS devi ces.” Fig. 3. Computed Eigen values of case for Overloaded condition without FACTS As shown from figure (3) for IEEE 39 bus when over loaded condition without FACTS devices. The model has 110 Eigen numbers, all Eigen numbers are negative exce pt the Eigen number (λ 21) is positive value and λ98 is zero Eigen value in this case, so the model is unstable. Fig. 4. Computed Eigen values of case for Overloaded condition and with SVC Fig. 5. Computed Eigen values of case for Overloaded condition and with STATCOM Fig. 6. Computed “Eigen values ” of case for Overloaded condition and with SSSC" 653 W3033905875.pdf 7 "binding to the integrin bcytoplasmic domain, a final step in integrin activation. Here we analyzed mice bearing mutations in one or both of the Rap1-binding sites of talin-1 and used these mice to de fine the connection between Rap1 and talin-1 in platelets. Compared with the talin-1 F1 domain, the talin-1 F0 domain makes a relatively small contribution to integrin acti- vation in platelets. Disabling both Rap1-binding sites had agreater effect than disabling F1 alone and recapitulated thedefect in integrin activation seen in platelets lacking both Rap1a and Rap1b. Thus, talin-1 is the principal and perhaps only platelet Rap1 effector for integrin activation; however, loss ofRap1 –talin-1 did not phenocopy defects in thrombocytopoiesis, secretion, and surface exposure of PS observed in Rap1- deficient platelets. These results combined with recent struc- tural studies suggest a mechanism whereby Rap1 mediates initial recruitment of talin-1 to the platelet membrane, resulting in unmasking of the talin-1 integrin-binding site and integrinactivation in hemostasis. Disabling the Rap1-binding sites in talin phenocopies lack of Rap1a and Rap1b with regard to platelet integrin activation andaggregation, indicating that talin-1 is a major Rap1 effector involved in these processes. Deletion of talin-1 itself had a slightly stronger effect, suggesting additional mechanisms,such as disruption of talin-1 autoinhibition by G a13, 31in talin- 1–dependent integrin activation. The fact that convulxin, which binds GPVI and signals via Syk tyrosine kinase, was slightly lessaffected suggests that tyrosine kinase signaling may provide another such alternative pathway. Interestingly, Rap1a/b-mKO mice exhibited a more profound hemostatic defect than Tln1-mR35E,R118E mice, even though integrin activation in plate- lets from these mice was impaired to a similar extent. This result can be ascribed to the mild thrombocytopenia and additionalplatelet function defects, such as impaired granule release andprocoagulant response, in mRap1a/b-KO mice. These added defects also highlight the potential importance of one of the many other known Rap1 effectors. 32,33The defects in throm- bocytopoiesis and platelet morphology in mRap1a/b-KO mice raised the possibility that the def ective integrin activation, in part, could be due to a developmental defect in megakaryo-cytes rather than lack of Rap1 signaling in platelets. The presence of normal platelet counts, intact gross morphology, and secretion in Tln1-mR35E,R118 E platelets further indicates that Rap1 is the major final signaling element in platelet integrin activation. In combination with recent structural studies, 18the data reported here suggest a model for the main final steps in platelet integrin activation. Earlier work with talin-1 fragments in model systems showed that the talin-1 F3 domain alone is suf ficient for activation.34Even in the absence of Rap1 signaling, the presence of the lipid-binding sites in the F2 domain markedly increases the capacity of talin-1 to disrupt the integrin aand bsub- unit transmembrane domain interaction, resulting in integrin activation.35-38In contrast to these talin-1 fragments, full-length talin-1 is autoinhibited,39and this autoinhibition can be relieved by binding to phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2).40In full-length talin-1, the integrin-binding site in F3 is obscured by its interaction with the R9 helical bundle of the rod domain,41-43 and a recent cryo-electron microscopic structure of talin-1revealed that the critical PIP2-binding site in F2 is masked by the R12 helical bundle 18(Figure 6). The talin-1 F0 and F1140Control Tln1-mR35E,R118E Rap1a/b-mKO ******************ns nsns ns nsnsJonA/PE binding (MFI x100)120 100 80604020 75 125 PAR4-AP ( M)250 500 Veh.0A ***nsnsns ns nsns****** ****** ****** *** 50 100 Convulxin (ng/ml)200 400 Veh.JonA/PE binding (MFI x100)80 60 40 20 0B TimeAggregation (light transmitted)PAR4-AP ( M) Collagen ( g/ml) Control Tln1-mR35E,R118E Rap1a/b-mKO500 10 150 7.5 125 1 min 1 min2.5C Figure 4. Tln1-mR35E,R118E platelets exhibit impaired aIIbb3 activation to a similar extent as Rap1a/b-mKO platelets. (A-B) Flow cytometry assay to measure binding of GPIX-labeled platelets in whole blood to JonA/PE antibody in response toPAR4-AP (A) or convulxin (B) stimulation. Bar graphs represent mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) 6standard error of the mean (n 56 mice, representative of $3 independent experiments). (C) Representative aggregation responses of Tln1- mR35E,R118E and Rap1a/b-mKO platelets stimulated with various concentrations of agonists. Curves corresponding to control and Tln1-mR35E,R118E plateletsstimulated with PAR4-AP were from the same experiment as those depicted inFigure 3D. Arrows indicate addition of agonists. * P,.05;** P,.01; *** P,.001. ns, not signi ficant. RAP1 –TALIN-1 BINDING CONTROLS PLATELET AGGREGATION blood® 3 SEPTEMBER 2020 | VOLUME 136, NUMBER 10 1187Downloaded from http://ashpublications.org/blood/article-pdf/136/10/1180/1756644/bloodbld2020005348.pdf by guest on 19 January 2022 " 654 W4256253432.pdf 179 "Appendix F: Alkali Leaching Test Leaching Results from the bottles with 0 25 mol/L solution Continued on next pa~e . ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Mix Initial Final Initial Final Na+ Difference in Difference in Difference in Difference in NazO e of #of K+ K+ Na+ ppm K+ Na+ K+ Na+ K+and moles of ppm ppm ppm concentration concentration concentration concentration Na+ NazO e ppm ppm moi/L mol/L mol/L control a 88.0 11.6 91.8 14.8 3.8 3.2 0.0097436 0.0139130 0.0118283 0.0001774 control b 88.0 11.6 93.2 14.0 5.2 2.4 0.0133333 0.0104348 0.0118841 0.0001783 control c 88.0 11.6 96.2 12.0 8.2 0.4 0.0210256 0.0017391 0.0113824 0.0001707 15/15 a 88.0 11.6 87.6 15.0 -0.4 3.4 -0.0010256 0.0147826 0.0068785 0.0001032 15115 b 88.0 11.6 91.4 13.0 3.4 1.4 0.0087179 0.0060870 0.0074025 0.0001110 15115 c 88.0 11.6 92.8 12.0 4.8 0.4 0.0123077 0.0017391 0.0070234 0.0001054 20/20 a 88.0 11.6 90.8 12.0 2.8 0.4 0.0071795 0.0017391 0.0044593 0.0000669 20/20 b 88.0 11.6 91 12.0 3.0 0.4 0.0076923 0.0017391 0.0047157 0.0000707 20/20 c 88.0 11.6 91.1 12.2 3.1 0.6 0.0079487 0.0026087 0.0052787 0.0000792 30/30 a 88.0 11.6 88.8 12.8 0.8 1.2 0.0020513 0.0052174 0.0036343 0.0000545 30/30 b 88.0 11.6 88.6 12.6 0.6 1.0 0.0015385 0.0043478 0.0029431 0.0000441 20 FA a 88.0 11.6 92.6 13.8 4.6 2.2 0.0117949 0.0095652 0.0106800 0.0001602 20FA b 88.0 11.6 92.4 13.4 4.4 1.8 0.0112821 0.0078261 0.0095541 0.0001433 20FAc 88.0 11.6 92.2 13.6 4.2 2.0 0.0107692 0.0086957 0.0097324 0.0001460 40Slag a 88.0 11.6 92.4 11.6 4.4 0.0 0.0112821 0.0000000 0.0056410 0.0000846 40Slag b 88.0 11.6 92.8 10.6 4.8 -1.0 0.0123077 -0.0043478 0.0039799 0.0000597 F-6" 655 W3208763591.pdf 2 "JNMA I VOL 59 I ISSUE 242 I October 20211074 Free Full Text Articles are Available at www.jnma.com.npWAYS FORWARD Early clinical exposure is found to be beneficial wherever it has been practiced. Therefore experts from different countries have recommended the inclusion of Early clinical exposure in the medical curriculum including Nepal and India.14,15 But it is not free of limitations. It requires more resources, more time, more energy, proper training, and coordination among the faculties which can be overcome with the joint effort of faculties and students. Considering the fact that its necessities outweigh its limitations, it is high time that the ‘curriculum of yesterday’ be modified to teach the ‘physicians of tomorrow.’ Conflict of Interest: None. REFERENCES 1. Shah C. Early clinical exposure- Why and how? J Educ Technol Heal Sci. 2018;5(1):2–7. [ Full Text | DOI ] 2. Verma M. Early clinical exposure: New paradigm in Medical and Dental Education. Contemp Clin Dent. 2016;7(3):287–8. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI ] 3. Curriculum for Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine. Revised in 2008 published by National Centre for Health Professions Education, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. [ Full Text ] 4. Medical Council of India. Early Clinical Exposure for Undergraduate Medical Education Training Program, 2019: pp 1-43. [ Full Text ] 5. Lakshmi NR, Dharwadkar AA, Mohanty S, Gayatri N, Vadapalli K. Perception of 1st year MBBS students on Early Clinical Exposure with Horizontal Integration as a teaching Learning method. Journal of Basic and Clinical Research. 2016;3(1):10-17. [ Full Text ] 6. Choudhary A, Gupta V. Teaching communications skills to medical students: Introducing the fine art of medical practice. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2015;5(4):41. [ PubMed | Full Text | DOI ] 7. Tayade MC, Bhimani N, Kulkarni NB, Dandekar KN. The impact of Early Clinical Exposure on First M . B . B . S . Students. International J. of Healthcare and Biomedical Research. 2014;2(4):176-181. [ Full Text ] 8. Rawekar A, Jagzape A, Srivastava T, Gotarkar S. Skill learning through early clinical exposure: An experience of Indian medical school. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2016;10(1):JC01– 4. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI ]9. Ghosh S, Dawka V. Combination of didactic lecture with problem-based learning sessions in physiology teaching in a developing medical college in Nepal. Am J Physiol - Adv Physiol Educ. 2000;24(1):8–12. [ PubMed | Full Text | DOI ] 10. DAS P, Biswas S, Singh R, Mukherjee S, Ghoshal S, Pramanik D. Effectiveness of early clinical exposure in learning respiratory physiology among the newly entrant MBBS students. J Adv Med Educ Prof [Internet]. 2017;5(1):6–10. [PubMed | Full Text ] 11. Başak O, Yaphe J, Spiegel W, Wilm S, Carelli F, Metsemakers JFM. Early clinical exposure in medical curricula across Europe: An overview. Eur J Gen Pract. 2009;15(1):4–10. [PubMed | Full Text | DOI ] 12. Granek L, Lazarev I, Birenstock-Cohen S, Geffen DB, Riesenberg K, Ariad S. Early exposure to a clinical oncology course during the preclinical second year of medical school. Acad Med. 2015;90(4):454–7. [ PubMed | Full Text | DOI ] 13. Sathishkumar S, Thomas N, Tharion E, Neelakantan N, Vyas R. Attitude of medical students towards Early Clinical Exposure in learning endocrine physiology. BMC Med Educ. 2007;7:1–7. [ PubMed | Full Text | DOI ] 14. Saiyad S, Saiyad M, Pandya C. Implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation workshop in first MBBS. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2015;5(4):11. [ PubMed | Full Text | DOI ] 15. Piryani RM, Shankar PR, Thapa TP, Karki BM, Kafle RK, Khakurel MP, et al. Introduction of structured physical examination skills to second year undergraduate medical students. F1000Research. 2013;2:1–13. [ PubMed | Full Text ]Basukala et al. Early Clinical Exposure in Preclinical Years of Medical School © The Author(s) 2018. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" 656 W3165554536.pdf 4 "Table 4. The distribution of the HL subtypes was: 4 (23.5%) nodular lymphocyt e-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL), 1 (5.9%) lymphocyte rich clas- sical Hodgkin lymphoma (LRCHL), 10 (58.8%) of mixed cellularity classical Hodgkin lymphoma (MCCH L) and 2 (11.8%) nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin lymphoma (NSCHL). EBV infection was noticed in 6 cases of MCCHL. Following IHC and expert revision, 10 cases (71%) out of 14 of the DLBCL group pre- sented a discordant diagnosis (Supplementary Table 3). Instead, all the BL cases showed a concordant diagno- sis in 2 cases (40%) and the rest were discordant (n= 3; 60%), as shown in Supplementary Table 4. For t h eI g b oe t h n i cg r o u p ,t h e r ew a sa ni d e n t i c a ldistribution in the number of CLL (33.3%), DLBCL, NOS (33.3%), and HL/HD (33.3%) as presented in Table 4. The histologic diagnosis of the remaining 6 entities (Supplementary Table 5) were discordant with the final diagnosis according to the latest WHO classifica- tion: 2 SMZL (3%), 1 ENMZL (1.5%), 1 (1.5%) follicu- lar lymphoma (FL), 1 LPL (1.5%), 1 (1.5%) B- lymphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma (B-LBL) and 1 (1.5%) Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). The representative slides of the H&E and IHC are s h o w ni nF i g s . 3,4and 5. Revised diagnosis of rare conditions and non-lymphoid neoplasm The non-lymphoid malignancies and other rare condi- tions that were more accurately diagnosed using IHC are shown in Supplementary Table 6. Apart from the identified rare conditions such as Castleman Disease (n= 2; 14.3%), Rosai Dorfman Disease (n = 2; 14.3%), the rest of the cases were metastases of carcinomas ( n=6 ; 43%) and sarcomas ( n= 4; 28.6%). Cell of origin (COO) The COO determined by the Hans algorithm demon- strated that 10 (71.4%) cases were of the Germinal Cen- ter type (GCB), 3 (21.4%) were Non-Germinal Centre (non-GCB) type, and 1 (7.1%) case could not be deter- mined (Supplementary Table 3). Also, in both GCB and non-GCB subtypes, two of the DLBCL, NOS (14.3%), presented co-expression of c-MYC protein and BCL2 (“double expressors ”). Frequency of Epstein-Barr-virus in the lymphoma subtypes EBV was observed only in 10 cases (15.2%): 6 HL (60%), 3 BL (30%), and one case of DLBCL, EBV+. All the EBV positive cases of HL were MCCHL. The association be- tween the presence of EBV and lymphoid neoplasm sub- types was statistically significant ( p= 0.023). Discussion Detailed immunohistochemical characterization is needed to achieve a precise diagnosis to guarantee anTable 3 List of antibodies used ANTIBODY COMPANY CLONE DILUTION Bcl-2 Roche Ventana SP66 ready to use Bcl-6 Cell Marque GI191E/A8 1:50 CD 10 Roche Ventana SP67 ready to use CD 138 Roche Ventana B-A38 ready to use CD 15 Roche Ventana MMA ready to use CD 20 Roche Ventana L-26 ready to use CD 21 Roche Ventana 2G9 ready to use CD 23 Roche Ventana SP23 ready to use CD 3 Roche Ventana 2GV6 ready to use CICLINA D Roche Ventana SP4-R ready to use C-MYC Roche Ventana EP121 ready to use HHV8 Roche Ventana 13B10 ready to use KAPPA Cell Marque L1C1 1:20 KI-67 Roche Ventana 30 9 ready to use LAMBDA Cell Marque LAMB14 1:50 IGA Cell Marque 2652 1:50 IGG Cell Marque 2653 1:50 IGM Cell Marque 2654 1:50 PAX5 Roche Ventana SP34 ready to use PD-1 Cell Marque NAT105 1:20 S-100 Roche Ventana 4C4.9 ready to use TDT Cell Marque TDT 1:100 Table 4 Lymphoid neoplasm distribution in different population in Nigeria TOTAL (66)CLL (23) HL (17)DLBCL, NOS (14) BL (5)SMZL (2) ENMZL (1) B-LBL (1) AITL (1) FL (1)LPL (1) Hausa/MHCL (n= 59)29 (43.9%) 15 (65.2%) 5 (29.4%) 7 (50%) 2 (40%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Igbo/ESUTH (n= 46)9 (13.6%) 3 (13%) 3 (17.6%) 3 (21.4%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yoruba/UCH (n= 47)28 (42.4%) 5 (21.7%) 9 (52.4%) 4 (28.6%) 3 (60%) 2 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%)Uzoma et al. Infectious Agents and Cancer (2021) 16:36 Page 5 of 11" 657 W2037959334.pdf 6 "www.ccsenet.org/gjhs Global Journal of Health Science V ol. 2, No. 2; October 2010 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 231 Figure 1. Amount of blood loss and duration of menstrual cycle " 658 W4221045748.pdf 2 "In order to simplify the model and facilitate solution, dimensionless variables are first introduced: p1fD=K1fhpi−p1f/C16/C17 1:842 × 10−3qBμ, ð1Þ where p1fDis the dimensionless fracture pressure in the inner zone, k1fis the fracture permeability in the inner zone, his the e ffective stratum thickness, piis the initial formation pressure, p1fis the fracture pressure in the inner zone, qis the ground yield, Bis the crude oil volume factor, and μis the crude oil viscosity. p1mD=K1fhpi−p1m ðÞ 1:842 × 10−3qBμ, ð2Þ where p1mDis the dimensionless matrix pressure in the innerzone and p1mis the matrix pressure in the inner zone. p2fD=K1fhpi−p2f/C16/C17 1:842 × 10−3qBμ, ð3Þ where p2fDis the dimensionless fracture pressure in the outer zone, k2fis the fracture permeability in the outer zone, andp2fis the fracture pressure in the outer zone. p2mD=K1fhpi−p2m ðÞ 1:842 × 10−3qBμ, ð4Þ where p2mDis the dimensionless matrix pressure in the outer zone and p2mis the matrix pressure in the outer zone. pwfD=K1fhpi−pwf/C16/C17 1:842 × 10−3qBμ, ð5Þ where pwfDis the dimensionless wellbore flow pressure and pwfis the wellbore flow pressure. tD=3:6K1ft ϕVCt ðÞ1μrw2, ð6Þ where tDis the dimensionless time, tis time, rwis the well- bore radius, and ðϕVCtÞ1is the product of porosity, reser- voir volume, and comprehensive elastic compressibility of the inner zone. CD=0:156C 2πϕVCt ðÞ1hrw2, ð7Þ where CDis the dimensionless wellbore storage factor and C0.010.1110log pw/p′w log tD/CD log PwD log P′wD1E+01 1E+02 1E+03 1E+04 1E+05 1E+06 1E+07 1E+08 Figure 3: Theoretical double logarithm characteristic curve of dual-media composite reservoir model. Table 1: basic parameter table. Formation parameters Result k1(mD) 4 ω1 0.05 λ1 2×1 0−5 k2(mD) 3.6 ω2 0.05 λ2 5:6×1 0−6 C(m3/MPa) 3 S -5.7 R(m) 30 pi(MPa) 50 h(m) 380 q(m3/d) 2003 Geofluids" 659 W2595009824.pdf 0 "Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 25 (2017) 105–112 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience j o ur nal ho me pa ge: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/dcn Attention allocation and social worries predict interpretations of peer-related social cues in adolescents Simone P.W. Hallera,∗, Brianna R. Dohertya, Mihaela Dutaa, Kathrin Cohen Kadosha,c, Jennifer Y.F. Laub, Gaia Scerifa aDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom bInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom cSchool of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 18 June 2016 Received in revised form 14 March 2017 Accepted 14 March 2017 Available online 18 March 2017 Keywords:AdolescenceSocial anxiety Eye tracking AttentionAppraisalInterpretationa b s t r a c t Adolescence is a sensitive period for increases in normative but also debilitating social fears and worries. As the interpretation of interpersonal cues is pertinent to social anxiety, investigating mechanisms that may underlie biases in social cue appraisal is important. Fifty-one adolescents from the community aged 14–19 were presented with self- and other-relevant naturalistic social scenes for 5 s and then required to rate either a negative or a positive interpreta- tion of the scene. Eye-tracking data were collected during the free viewing period to index attentional deployment. Individual differences in social worries were measured via self-report. Social anxiety levels significantly predicted biases in interpretation ratings across scenes. Additionally, cumulative attentional deployment to peer cues also predicted these interpretation biases: participants who spent more time on facial displays perceived more threat, i.e. endorsed more negative and less positive interpretations. Self-relevant scenes yielded greater tendencies to draw negative interpretations. Finally, older adolescents also selected more benign interpretations. Social anxiety is associated with a bias in interpreting social cues; a cognitive bias that is also influ- enced by attentional deployment. This study contributes to our understanding of the possible attention mechanisms that shape cognitions relevant to social anxiety in this at-risk age group. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ). 1. Introduction Social interactions are central to well-being across the life span, with different relationships (e.g., caregivers, peers, romantic relations) taking center stage at different developmental periods (Nelson et al., 2016 ). In adolescence, peers become increasingly important (Steinberg and Silverberg, 1986 ). Given increased affec- tive and motivational value of specifically peer-related social cues during this period, it is perhaps not surprising that normative social anxiety and self-consciousness increase (Miers et al., 2014; Westenberg et al., 2004 ). Age-of-onset data further suggests that adolescence is a developmentally sensitive juncture for the emer- gence of more impairing, clinical levels of social fears and worries. These tend to persist and account for a significant proportion of adult Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD; e.g., Kessler et al., 2005 ). ∗Corresponding author. E-mail address: simona.haller@gmail.com (S.P.W. Haller).1.1. Cognitive biases and social anxiety Social interactions require the attention to and interpretation of complex and dynamic visual and verbal, often individual-specific indicators of others’ mental states. Preferential allocation of atten- tion to socially threatening cues (e.g, faces or words) and negative interpretations of ambiguous social cues (e.g., a frown, a pause in a conversation, a smile) have been linked to social fears and worries in youths (e.g., Muris and Field, 2008 ). These biases are thought to shape experiences of the social world and maintain fears by increasing perceived negative social feedback (Clark and Wells, 1995; Rapee and Heimberg, 1997 ). Biases in the interpretation of social-evaluative situations are targeted in treatment approaches such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms underlying disproportional social threat perception – how biases in one or more central cognitive processes result in a skewed representation of the social world. Biases have been suggested to permeate early to late stages of information processing (Musa and Lépine, 2000 ), with interactive effects on emotional responding (Hirsch et al., 2006 ). It https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2017.03.004 1878-9293/© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )." 660 W4394686042.pdf 0 "Citation: Nita, N.; Tadic, M.; Mörike, J.; Paukovitsch, M.; Felbel, D.; Keßler, M.; Gröger, M.; Schneider, L.-M.; Rottbauer, W. Long-Term Mortality after Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair Significantly Decreased over the Last Decade: Comparison between Initial and Current Experience from the MiTra Ulm Registry. J. Clin. Med. 2024 ,13, 2172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ jcm13082172 Academic Editor: Tomasz Tokarek Received: 11 March 2024 Revised: 1 April 2024 Accepted: 5 April 2024 Published: 10 April 2024 Copyright: ©2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Journal of Clinical Medicine Article Long-Term Mortality after Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair Significantly Decreased over the Last Decade: Comparison between Initial and Current Experience from the MiTra Ulm Registry Nicoleta Nita *, Marijana Tadic , Johannes Mörike, Michael Paukovitsch, Dominik Felbel , Mirjam Keßler , Matthias Gröger , Leonhard-Moritz Schneider and Wolfgang Rottbauer Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; marijana.tadic@uniklinik-ulm.de (M.T.); johannes.moerike@uniklinik-ulm.de (J.M.); michael.paukovitsch@uniklinik-ulm.de (M.P .); dominik.felbel@uniklinik-ulm.de (D.F.); mirjam.kessler@uniklinik-ulm.de (M.K.); matthias.groeger@uniklinik-ulm.de (M.G.); leonhard-moritz.schneider@uniklinik-ulm.de (L.-M.S.); wolfgang.rottbauer@uniklinik-ulm.de (W.R.) *Correspondence: nicoleta.nita@uniklinik-ulm.de Abstract: (1)Objective : We aimed to assess whether the candidate profile, the long-term outcomes and the predictors for long-term mortality after transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (M- TEER) have changed over the last decade; (2) Methods : Long-term follow-up data (median time of 1202 days) including mortality, MACCE and functional status were available for 677 consecutive patients enrolled in the prospective MiTra Ulm registry from January 2010 to April 2019. The initial 340 patients treated in our institution before January 2016 were compared with the following 337 patients ; (3) Results : Patients treated after 2016 showed significantly less ventricular dilatation (left ventricular end-systolic diameter of 43 ±13 mm vs. 49 ±16 mm, p< 0.007), lower systolic pulmonary pressures (50 ±15 mmHg vs. 57 ±21 mmHg, p= 0.01) and a lower prevalence of severe tricuspid regurgitation (27.2% vs. 47.3%, p< 0.001) at baseline than patients treated before 2016. Compared to the cohort treated before 2016, patients treated afterwards showed a significantly lower all-cause 3-year mortality (29.4% vs. 43.8%, p< 0.001) and lower MACCE (38.6% vs. 54.1%, p< 0.001 ), without differences for MR etiology. While severe tricuspid regurgitation and NYHA class IV remained independently associated with an increased long-term mortality over the last decade, severe left ventricular dilatation (hazard ratio, HR 2.12, p= 0.047) and severe pulmonary hypertension (HR 2.18, p= 0.047) were predictors of long-term mortality only in patients treated before 2016. (4) Conclusions : The M-TEER candidates are currently treated earlier in the course of disease and benefit significantly in terms of a better long-term survival than patients treated at the beginning of the M-TEER era. Keywords: M-TEER long-term outcome; survival trends after M-TEER; prospective register M-TEER 1. Introduction Over the past decade, transcatheter mitral edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) has revolu- tionized the management of inoperable patients suffering from severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Improvements in heart failure symptoms, quality of life and short-term survival have been documented in several trials [ 1–4], leading to increasing recognition and acceptance of M-TEER in recent European and American guidelines for both primary and secondary MR [ 5]. However, discrepant data have been reported in recent years regarding long-term outcomes after the procedure, with long-term mortality rates at three to four years ranging from 17% in the Everest II trial to 53% in the German TRAMI registry [ 6,7]. The largest trials in this field, the COAPT trial and MITRA-FR trial, revealed divergent mid-term cardiovascular outcomes in functional MR; however, the latest long-term follow-up results J. Clin. Med. 2024 ,13, 2172. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082172 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm" 661 W2594541205.pdf 13 "Case 15 Liu, X. F. (2014). RETRACTED: Substitution reactions of diiron dithiolate complexes with phosphine or isocyanide ligands. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry,750, 117–124. This article was retracted in 2014, due to plagiarism which not only pertained to the text but also to the methodology presented. The editor in chief states in the retraction notice thatthe‘‘some of the work reported as new in this paper, was previously conducted by someone else…the…method used and the proposed mechanism …are similar to those previously reported [previously by someone else] and …portions of the manuscript are worded identically to those in manuscripts that have been published’’ (retraction notice). As can be seen from the statement, this article presents deep and compound case of plagiarism thatranges from text to methods. Yet it is still positively cited, with 12 citations in 2015: 9positive and 3 neutral. Since the article was retracted in the same year as it was published,3 8 7 10 7 7 8 8 9 2 024681012 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Number of cita/g415ons Fig. 16 Number of citations per year—Liu et al. article 5 22 25 19 9 12 4 051015202530 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Number of cita/g415ons Fig. 17 Number of citations by year—Nabae et al. article560 Scientometrics (2017) 113:547–565 123" 662 W4380992211.pdf 0 "Effects of ceiling fan and window exhaust on aerosol transmission risk during home quarantine situation Toby Cheung1* and Kwok Wai Tham1 1 Department of the Built Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore Abstract . SARS -CoV-2 has been recognized to be airborne transmissible. With the increased transmissibility leading to increasingly reported positive cases, home quarantine is adopted for the infected patients who are not seriously ill. However, the risk of household aerosol transmission is not well studied. We conducted tracer gas experiment to simulate the exhaled virus laden aerosols from a patient under home quarantine situation inside a residential testbed. The Sulphur hexafluoride concentration (SF 6,conc ) was measured both inside and outside the quarantine room under various scenarios including, (i) air-conditioning (AC) vs natural ventilation (NV), (ii) operation of ceiling fan, and (iii) operation of window exhaust fan. The ratio of outside -to-inside SF 6,conc (O/I SF6) was an indicator for potential expo sure of occupants in the same household. Our findings showed, without an exhaust fan, the in -room SF 6,conc in AC settings was 4 times higher than in the NV scenarios. Meanwhile, we found the exhaust fan was effective in reducing the O/I SF6 in the AC scenarios (with or without ceiling fan), but its function was diminished in the NV setting with ceiling fan. We suspected the effectiveness of exhaust fan was reduced by air infiltration from other window openings in NV situation. Meanwhile, the operation of ceiling fan continuously pushing tracer gas outwards from the quarantine room through the door gap. Our results suggested that natural ventilation with windows open or switching on a window exhaust fan could reduce aerosol transmission risk from the quarantine room. This study provides useful evidence in recommending low risk ventilation strategies for home quarantine situations . 1 Introduction It has been 3 years since the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). Thanks for the vaccine development, our lives are slowly getting back to normal. Governments and health authorities started recommending the infected patients with non -severe symptoms be self -isolated at home instead of quarantining in hospital and isolation facilities [ 1]. However, residential facilities are not designed to serve quarantine purpose, even though the infected person is staying in an isolated bedroom, airborne viruses could have escaped outside. It is of even higher concern for those newer variants that are m ore transmissible (e.g., Omicron variant) [2] meaning that it only needs a small amount of the virus leakage from the quarantine room to potentially infect other family members living in the same house . The intra-house transmission of the aerosols in a residential house is mainly from the leakages through the gaps between the door and its frame or the floor. The operating strategy of the isolation room, such as the settings of the air conditioning (AC), the fan, and the window operating status, plays a par ticularly vital role in terms of the airborne pollutant transmission across the door [3, 4]. An opened window [5] or ventilating fan [6] can enhance air exchange rate in diluting in -room * Corresponding author: toby_bdg@nus.edu.sg aerosol concentration, but the airborne transmission across the door the other space within the house remains unknown. A normal operating ceiling fan tends to move air downward under the blades coverage area and further pushes the air along the floor level [ 7]. Provided that doors in residential buildings are normally not w ell sealed (i.e., a larger gap between door and floor), ceiling fan operation may enhance the possibility of aerosol leakage even when the door is closed. Apart from the aerosol leakage via door gap, aerosol transmission is possible through some necessary door-opening activities, such as food delivery and trash removal. The impact of the door -opening activity on the aerosol transmission between spaces has been well studied in healthcare facilities [3] and pressurized clean room [ 8]. However, there is no rep orted study focusing on the impact of the door opening on aerosol transmission in a residential facility . The tracer gas methods are widely used to experimentally study the pathogen airborne transmission risk due to its reliability and repeatability charac teristics [ 9, 10 ]. Among the potential tracer gas choices, sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6) is the most used gas because of its detectability at low concentrations , low toxicity, and scarcity in the background environment [11, 12 ]. E3S Web of Conferences 396, 02006 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339602006 IAQVEC2023 © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http ://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). s" 663 W4233665173.pdf 0 "Open Peer Review on Qeios Open Peer Review on Qeios Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor National Cancer Institute Source National Cancer Institute. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor . NCI Thesaurus. Code C17293. There are three signaling VEGF receptors. The VEGF family members PIGF and VEGF-B with exclusive binding capacities to the VEGFR-1 can influence monocyte activation and differentiation. The VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 binding VEGF homologues, VEGF-C and VEGF- D, are mitogens for both vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells. The orf virus encoded VEGF-E homologue binds and activates only the VEGFR-2 and thus may be the prototype of a vascular endothelial cell-specific growth factor. Further specific activities of VEGF and its homologues result from receptor-specific signaling and differential expression of ligands or receptors. A naturally occurring soluble form of the VEGFR-1 suggests a regulatory role for this receptor. Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020 Qeios ID: FX399C · https://doi.org/10.32388/FX399C 1 / 1" 664 W4252285596.pdf 0 "Open Peer Review on Qeios Open Peer Review on Qeios Outer Cannula Device National Cancer Institute Source National Cancer Institute. Outer Cannula Device . NCI Thesaurus. Code C49860. The outer component of a double-cannula device, designed to be indwelling. Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020 Qeios ID: ZZY5MB · https://doi.org/10.32388/ZZY5MB 1 / 1" 665 W4210675554.pdf 15 "Page 16/21 Figure 1 (a) TEM image of as-prepared CD; (b) Particle size distribution map of as-prepared CD; (c) XRD patterns of as-prepared CD; (d) Fourier transform infrared spectrogram of as-prepared CD." 666 W2101981716.pdf 1 "Tatsu moto et al.: Historical Transitions of Eco-Stru cture TheScientificW orldJOURNAL (2004) 4, 315 –323 INTRODUCTION A tidal flat i s, generally , located in a boundar y zone between land and sea. Th e environm ental factors are therefore, drastically changed with periodic charact eristics of tide action and fresh water su pplied from rivers. The growth rate of algae, such a s diatoms and/or flagellums for ming biofilm on the surface of the sediment lay er, is kept at a very high level because of the continuit y nutrient salt suppl y from areas, land, and sea. Then, the diversit y according t o floristic co mposition, namely the tida l food chain ecosy stem , is established in the area by the addition of feed for fish a nd birds. O n the other ha nd, the tidal f lat is a very important pla ce for hum an living as s ymbiosis betw een hum an living an d natu ral environment. Althou gh the area h as been decrea sed by the rec lamation of s hallow sea with a view to expanding the econo mical field, it has b een recently recognized that the tidal flat as a wetland is important for the key area of the natural food chain. The “Convention on Wetlands (R amsar Iran, 1971)”, whose purpose is t o preserve a migratory area, was adapte d by the International Unio n for Conserv ation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) in 1971. Thirteen wetland areas in Japan were registered for the conven tion at the en d of 2 002. Yatsu tidal flat, which was registered u nder the Convention on Wetlands in June 1993 , is located in the urban coastal zone of Toky o Ba y, as shown in Fig. 1, and has an extre mely unique process on the transition of t idal function, includin g tidal geom orphic developme nt. The tidal flat had a characteristi c of vast foreshore ty pe observed at the front of the coastline in Tokyo Bay until 1971, i.e., until about 30 years before. After the reclam ation works, the utili zation t ype of sur roundi ng shoreline was ch anged fro m fishery and in timacy of water areas to industrial and r esidential areas. Yatsu tidal flat (area: 40.1 ha) was finally left alone in shallo w seawater and its water shoreline distorted into a lagoon-t ype ti dal flat in shape, by concrete shore pr otections[1,2 ]. FIGU RE 1 . Location of Yatsu tidal flat and sam pling sites. The Yatsu tidal flat has been utilized as an eating and resting space f or migratory birds, which m ove a long distance between Siberia in the Fa r Eastern Are a and Australia in the Southern He misphere every year. For this reason, the Yatsu tidal flat was regi stered under the Convention on Wetlands in June 199 3. A decrease of macrobenthos as food for migratory birds was caused by a decrease of mud sediment areas with organic matter inflowing from the surroundi ng area. The sig nificance of the existence of the Yatsu 316" 667 W4323365426.pdf 1 " e-ISSN :2597 -7156 – p-ISSN: 2502-7786 Jurnal Ilmiah Perekam dan Informasi Kesehatan Imelda , Vol. 8, No. 1, Februari 2023:1-8 2 terkait adalah dengan adanya penyelenggaraan rekam medis yang se suai dengan standar yang berlaku [1]. Berdasarkan PERMENKES RI No. 269 Tahun 2008 tentang Rekam Medis, menyebutkan bahwa, Rekam Medis adalah berkas yang berisikan dokumen dan catatan tentang identitas pasien, pemeriksaan, pengobatan, tindakan serta pelayanan lain yang telah diberikan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan kepada pasien. Rekam Medis juga harus dibuat secara tertulis, lengkap dan jelas secara elektronik, sehingga dapat digunakan dalam perencanaan, pengolahan dan juga dapat digunakan untuk penelitian dalam kegiatan statistik pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan [2]. Penjajaran rek am medis merupakan pelaksanaan penataan rekam medis di rak ruang penyimpanan. Biasanya penjajaran rekam medis dilakukan secara manual maupun secara elektonik. Standarisasi sistem penjajaran di Indonesia saat ini menggunakan sistem terminal digit filing . Tujuan dari sistem penjajaran dan penyimpanan rekam medis adalah untuk mempermudah dan mempercepat ditemukannya kembali rekam medis yang telah tersusun pada rak penyimpanan. Penjajaran rekam medis juga sangat penting, karena jika hanya menyimpan rekam medis yang dimasukkan ke dalam rak tanpa menyusunnya, maka menyebabkan kesulitan dalam pencarian dan juga terjadinya keterlambatan waktu penyediaan rekam medis pasien [3]. Pengambilan kembali rekam medis atau retrieval adalah kegiatan pengambilan rekam medis di rak penyimpanan untuk menunjang kegiatan pelayanan kesehatan. Permintaan -permintaan rut in terhadap rekam medis yang datang dari poliklinik, dari dokter yang melakukan riset, harus dilanjutkan ke bagian rekam medis , setiap hari pada jam yang telah ditentukan. Pengambilan berkas rekam medis juga harus ditulis dalam buku register dan pada rak p enyimpanan diberi tracer sebagai penanda bahwa dokumen tersebut keluar [4]. Ketentuan peminjaman rekam medis merujuk pada PERMENKES RI No. 269 tahun 2008 tentang Rekam Medis, bahwa yang berhak meminjam rekam medis hanya dokter atau tenaga kesehatan lain yang merawat pasien. Secara umum peminjaman rekam medis dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) yaitu pinjaman rutin dan tidak rutin. Peminjaman rutin adalah peminjaman rekam medis oleh dokter atau tenaga kesehatan lain dikarenakan pasien yang memiliki berkas tersebut memerlukan atau sedang m endapatkan perawatan di unit pelayanan. Peminjaman tidak rutin adalah peminjaman rekam medis oleh tenaga kesehatan atau dokter untuk keperluan penelitian, makalah atau sejenisnya [5]. Rekam medis yang baik adalah salah satu keberhasilan manajemen dari suatu pelayanan, dengan itu penyimpanan rekam medis harus diatur sebai k mungkin agar dapat mempermudah petugas untuk mencari rekam medis yang diperlukan dan menghindari kesalahan dalam penyimpanan. Misfiled merupakan kesalahan dalam penempatan rekam medis, juga kesalahan dalam letak simpan, ataupun tidak ditemukannya rekam m edis di rak penyimpanan. Tingkat penyebab terjadinya misfiled disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Faktor yang dimaksud tersebut diantaranya, faktor sistem penyimpanan, faktor sistem penjajaran, faktor sistem penomoran, sarana di ruang penyimpan, serta faktor petugas ruang penyimpanan [6]. Dampak bila terjadinya misfiled pada pen jajaran rekam medis yaitu, akan terjadinya pertambahan waktu kerja bagi petugas dalam mencari suatu rekam medis pasien di rak ruang penyimpanan, mempersulit petugas dalam pencarian rekam medis yang bisa menyebabkan pembuatan rekam medis baru untuk pasien l ama, dan mengakibatkan penggandaan nomor rekam medis serta dapat menurunkan mutu pelayanan di rumah sakit karena pelayanan terhadap pasien jadi terhambat [7]. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu oleh R ia Anggraeni tahun 2013 dengan judul “Tinjauan Pengendalian Misfiled Dokumen Rekam Medis di Filing Rumah Sakit" 668 W3209971751.pdf 3 "INTERA ÇÕES, Campo Grande, MS, v. 22, n. 3, p. 1003-1020, jul./set. 20211006 Vanessa M. Hendler; Luciana D. de Oliveira; Martine E. K. Hagen; Andrea M. Solans; Queite M. S. da Silva; Louise B. Palma; Vanuska L. da Silva; Alessandro de O. Rios; Larissa M. Jucá Seabra; Eliziane N. F. Ruiz Como forma de reconhecimento da diversidade biológica e sociocultural, além da PNPSB, foram criadas, na esfera federal, algumas iniciativas a fim de promover e fortalecer as cadeias de produtos da sociobiodiversidade, no âmbito dos mercados institucionais, como o PNAE. Em 2021, por exemplo, foi lançada a Portaria Interministerial MAPA/MMA n. 10 − atualizando a Portaria Interministerial n. 284, de 2018 –, a qual apresenta uma lista de produtos da sociobiodiversidade com potencial para serem incorporados em programas como o da Alimentação Escolar (BRASIL, 2018a; 2021). Ademais, para garantir condições justas de comercialização e viabilização de mercados, estabeleceu-se a Política de Garantia de Preços Mínimos para os Produtos da Sociobiodiversidade (PGPM-Bio), assegurando preços mínimos para mais de 17 produtos extrativistas (BRASIL, 2019). No âmbito internacional, destaca-se o projeto “Biodiversidade para Alimentação e Nutrição” – BFN, coordenado internacionalmente pelo Bioversity International (formalmente conhecido como Instituto Internacional de Recursos Genéticos Vegetais [IPGRI]), tendo como agências implementadoras o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente (PNUMA) e a Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e a Agricultura (FAO). No Brasil, as atividades foram coordenadas pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente em colaboração com diferentes setores do Governo Federal e parcerias realizadas junto a universidades e instituições de pesquisa de todo o país. Com o intuito de proporcionar o reconhecimento do valor alimentício e nutricional das espécies nativas brasileiras e visibilizar a possibilidade de intersecção em políticas públicas como o PNAE, o BFN construiu um banco de dados sobre a biodiversidade nacional, que reúne informações sobre composição nutricional, receitas, saberes tradicionais e mapeamento da distribuição geográfica de tais espécies (BRASIL, 2018b). Na esfera regional, destaca-se, no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), as ações da Cadeia Solidária das Frutas Nativas (CSFN), que, enquanto uma rede, articula instituições ligadas à agroecologia e à economia solidária e atua com foco na valorização e difusão do consumo das frutas nativas do estado. As ações dessa rede ocorrem por meio de encontros e reuniões, nos quais discutem- se aspectos relacionados à produção, a custos, mercados, estratégias de comercialização, desenvolvimento de produtos, entre outras questões (RAMOS et al ., 2017). Seguindo essa ótica de fortalecer a relação entre sociobiodiversidade e alimentação escolar, vem sendo executado em esfera local, no município de Mostardas, localizado no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, uma pesquisa-ação multicêntrica e interdisciplinar5, denominada “Alimentação adequada e saudável no contexto da alimentação escolar: difusão do consumo de produtos da sociobiodiversidade regional”. O projeto foi contemplado em edital do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)/MCTIC N. 016/2016 e teve como foco trabalhar práticas de alimentação saudável em escolas por meio da inclusão de alimentos da sociobiodiversidade. O projeto compreende três etapas: 1) aproximação com a comunidade e desenvolvimento da oficina culinária; 2) análise físico-química de alimentos da sociobiodiversidade; 3) aplicação de testes de adesão e aceitabilidade de preparações à base de alimentos da sociobiodiversidade nas escolas públicas do município de Mostardas. Para iniciar o projeto e prosseguir com o trabalho de inserção da sociobiodiversidade na alimentação escolar, foi necessário, então, abordar primeiramente questões como: quais 5 A pesquisa partiu da interface entre o campo da Nutrição com outros campos disciplinares, como da Antropologia, Biologia e o campo do Desenvolvimento Rural, que é interdisciplinar por natureza. Além disso, o projeto vem sendo executado em parceria com a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) e a Universidade de Buenos Aires (UBA), na Argentina." 669 W3192797421.pdf 9 "BAYESIAN REGULARIZED DIF S10 phi_age ~normal (0, LNprior ); phi_gen ~normal (0, LNprior ); phi_study ~normal (0, LNprior ); pi~beta (0.5 ,0.5); //The likelihood for (j in 1:P){ Y[,j] ~bernoulli _logit (mu[,j]); } } "", verbose = T) Fitting and Diagnostics The following code fit the successfully compiled model syntax from above. Things to note are that we need to manually indicate what parameter estimates to save. Here we did not save the Laplace shrinkage estimates. In addition, we experimented with the controloptions to ensure that no divergence occurred in our model fitting experience with this data. Among many reasons, divergence could occur because model is poorly identified, priors are chosen with inappropriate scales, or because model is complex. Increasing the control options here mostly helps with the last issue and needs to be re-examined when new data set or models are used. We could choose some model estimates to examine their diagnostics and determine reasons of potential divergence in the traceplot and pairs functions. More details can be found in the (Stan Development Team, 2019) reference guides. stan _ssp <-sampling ( stan _m, data =fa.data , pars = c(""L"",""L _dif_age"",""L _dif_gen"",""L _dif_study "", ""nu"",""nu _dif_age"", ""nu_dif_gen "",""nu _dif_study "", ""mu_age "",""mu _gen"",""mu _study "",""mu _studyage ""," 670 W2995297826.pdf 2 "Electronics 2019 ,8, 1532 3 of 16 In the work of Lange et al. [ 12] an approach for landing and position control, similar to our work, was developed. Their approach was also based on OpenCV and on recognizing a landing pattern. However, their landing pattern was not built with the use of ArUco markers. In fact, the landing pattern used, with a diameter of 45 cm, was only detected from a distance of 70 cm. Therefore, this strategy cannot be used in an outdoor environment where the flight altitude is typically much higher. However, in this approach, the UAV does not need to see the entire marker, which is an advantage of this scheme. A system that can land on and track a slow moving vehicle (180 cm/s) was developed by Araar et al. [13]. Indoor experiments show that the UAV used was able to successfully land on the target landing platform (which also consists of multiple ArUco markers) from a height of approximately 80 cm. More recently, Patruno et al. [ 14] presented a solution for the landing of UAVs on a human-made landing target. Their target was similar to traditional heliplatforms but with specific aspect ratios, so that it can be detected from long distances. The geometric properties of the H-shaped marks adopted are used to estimate the pose with high accuracy, achieving an average RMSE value of only 0.0137 m in pose and 1.04in orientation. Baca et al. [ 15] were able to detect a moving car at 15 km/h, predict its future movement and attach to it. To achieve it they equipped the UAV with onboard sensors and a computer, which detects the car using a monocular camera and predicts the car future movement using a nonlinear motion model. While following the car, the UAV lands on its roof and it attaches itself using magnetic legs. De Souza et al. [ 16] developed a autonomous landing system based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) supervised by Fuzzy Mamdani Logic. Their method introduced low computational complexity while maintaining the characteristics and intelligence of the fuzzy logic controller. They validated their solution using both simulation and real tests for static and dynamic landing spots. Fraczek et al. [ 17] presented an embedded video system that allows the UAV to automatically detect safe landing sites. Their solution was implemented on a heterogeneous Zynq SoC device from Xilinx and a Jetson GPU. Differently from the previous works, this work does not rely on a human made marker. Through the use of machine learning and computer vision techniques, the UAV classifies the terrain into three classes. The proposed solution was tested on 100 test images and classified the different terrains correctly in 80% of the cases. Furthermore, in these tests the performance between the Zynq SoC device and the Jetson GPU was compared. Our work differs from the former ones as we want the UAV to detect the landing area when it is high above the ground (height >20 m) to compensate for possibly high GPS error values, while using cheap sensors (only a Raspberry Pi camera is needed) and yet still achieving very low errors in terms of landing accuracy ( <20 cm). To that extent, only one other source (the Ardupilot community [ 18]) was found that is attempting to achieve results similar to ours. Their method follows the same strategy as the work of Nowak et al. [ 10], as they also make use of an IR-beacon. According to the ArduPilot authors, their proposed method is able to land a UAV from an altitude of 15 m, reliably under all lighting conditions and with an maximum offset of only 30 cm. While the results of this approach are impressive, ours still outperforms it in terms of both accuracy, altitude and price. 3. Proposed Solution The aim of this work is to make a UAV land on a specific location. First the UAV has to make a coarse approach to the landing zone. As stated before, the UAV will typically fail to hover above its exact target location, being usually within 1 to 3 m away from the intended landing position. Once the UAV is close to the target location our protocol is activated. The first step deals with finding the marker. The ArUco marker library [ 5,6] (based on OpenCV) provides a function which takes the camera feed and returns information about the marker(s). ArUco markers resemble the well-known QR-codes. They carry less information than the latter ones (only an id), which makes them easier to detect. A typical ArUco marker consists of a black border and a 6x6 square of black and white smaller" 671 W2252427117.pdf 4 "Agro Ekonomi Vol. 2 4/No. 1 Juni 2014 98 d. Kesimpulan : Ho ditolak, Ha diterima : sebagian besar (≥50%) anggota kerlompok wanita tani memiliki motivasi yang tinggi dalam diversifikasi pangan lokal di Kabupaten Bantul. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan uji proporsi, didapatkan hasil bahwa Z hitung sebes ar 7,49 sedangkan Z tabel - 1,645 sehingga Ha diterima. Hal ini berarti sebagian besar anggota KWT memiliki motivasi yang tinggi dalam diversifikasi pangan lokal di Kabupaten Bantul. Faktor -Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Motvasi Anggota KWT Diversifikasi Pangan Lokal di Kabupaten Bantul Motivasi anggota KWT dalam diversifikasi pangan lokal di Kabupaten Bantul diduga dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain : umur, pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan, persepsi terhadap pangan lokal, keaktifan dalam penyuluhan, akses media massa serta harga beras. Untuk mengetahui faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap motivasi digunakan analisis regresi berganda dengan metode backward menggunaakan SPSS 17.00. Pada tahap awal ditampilkan hasil dari semua variabel independent kemudian secara bertahap variabel independent yang tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap variabel dependent akan dihilangkan. Tabel 1. Hasil Analisis Regresi Faktor -Faktor yang diduga Mempengaruhi Motivasi Anggota KWT Variabel Koefisien Regresi T hit Sig. Harga beras 0,034 3,296 0.02* Keaktifan Penyuluhan 0,955 1,763 0,083* Konstanta 186,619 0,035 R Square 0,203 Ajusted R Square 0,175 F hitung 7,275 Ket : *) signifikansi α = 10% ns : Non signifikansi α = 10% Sumber: Analisis Data Primer, 2013 Berdasarkan pengujian analisis regresi berganda, variabel dependent adalah motivasi (Y) dan variabel independent (X) meliputi faktor umur, pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan, persepsi terhadap pangan lokal, keaktifan dalam penyuluhan, akses media massa serta h arga beras. Hasil regresi berganda faktor -faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi anggota KWT dalam diversifikasi pangan lokal di Kabupaten Bantul dapat dilihat pada tabel 1. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi linear berganda diatas, maka dapat disusun persamaa n regresi sebagai berikut : Y = -186,619+0,034 + 0,955 Keterangan : Y = Motivasi anggota KWT X1 = Harga Beras X2 = Keaktifan Penyuluhan Dari persamaan regresi berganda diatas dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut : a. Nilai adjusted R square (koefisien determinasi) merupakan salah satu kriteria penentu apakah suatu persamaan regresi tepat atau tidak. Nilai adjusted R square berada pada kisaran 0 -1, yang berarti semakin mendekati angka 1 maka model regresi tersebut semakin tepat. Berdasarkan ta bel 6.4 diketahui nilai adjusted R square sebesar 0,175 menunjukkan bahwa 17,5% variabel motivasi dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel harga beras dan keaktifan penyuluhan sedangkan 82,5% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar model. b. Nilai F adalah perbanding an antara rerata kuadrat dari regresi dengan rerata kuadrat residu. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, nilai F hitung adalah 7,275 dan F tabel 2,40. F hitung > F tabel menunjukkan bahwa variabel independent harga beras dan keaktifan penyuluhan secara ber sama -sama berpengaruh nyata terhadap motivasi anggota KWT. Berikut ini akan dibahas hasil uji hipotesis masing -masing faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap motivasi yang merupakan hasil anal isis regresi berganda (model 6) . 1. Harga Beras Pada tabel 1 dapat dilihat koefisien regresi variabel harga beras yaitu sebesar 0,034 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,02 lebih kecil dari taraf signifikansi α=10%, T hitung 3,296 sedangkan t tabel 1,296. T hitung>T tabel sehingga hipotesis 3c diterima. Variabel harga bera s berpengaruh" 672 W2473327186.pdf 0 "RESEARCH ARTICLE    Electronic medical records in humanitarian emergencies – the development of an Ebola clinical information and patient management system [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] Kiran Jobanputra1, Jane Greig1, Ganesh Shankar2, Eric Perakslis3, Ronald Kremer4, Jay Achar1, Ivan Gayton1 1Manson Unit, Médecins sans Frontières (MSF), London, UK 2Google Crisis Response Team, Mountain View, CA, USA 3Centre for Biomedical Informatics and Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA 4MSF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands First published: 23 Jun 2016, 5:1477 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8287.1 Second version: 30 Sep 2016, 5:1477 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8287.2 Latest published: 23 Feb 2017, 5:1477 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8287.3v3 Abstract By November 2015, the West Africa Ebola epidemic had caused 28598 infections and 11299 deaths in the three countries most affected. The outbreak required rapid innovation and adaptation. Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) scaled up its usual 20-30 bed Ebola management centres (EMCs) to 100-300 beds with over 300 workers in some settings. This brought challenges in patient and clinical data management resulting from the difficulties of working safely with high numbers of Ebola patients. We describe a project MSF established with software developers and the Google Social Impact Team to develop context-adapted tools to address the challenges of recording Ebola clinical information. We share the outcomes and key lessons learned in innovating rapidly under pressure in difficult environmental conditions. Information on adoption, maintenance, and data quality was gathered through review of project documentation, discussions with field staff and key project stakeholders, and analysis of tablet data. In March 2015, a full prototype was deployed in Magburaka EMC, Sierra Leone. Inpatient data were captured on 204 clinical interactions with 34 patients from 5 March until 10 April 2015. Data continued to also be recorded on paper charts, creating theoretically identical record “pairs” on paper and tablet. 83 record pairs for 33 patients with 22 data items (temperature and symptoms) per pair were analysed. The overall Kappa coefficient for agreement between sources was 0.62, but Open Peer Review Approval Status 1 2 version 3 (revision) 23 Feb 2017 view version 2 (revision) 30 Sep 2016 view version 1 23 Jun 2016 view view James Whitworth , London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Hilary Bower , LSHTM, London, UK1. Benjamin O. Black , The Whittington Hospital, London, UK2. Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article.   Page 1 of 22F1000Research 2017, 5:1477 Last updated: 27 NOV 2023" 673 W4384928866.pdf 5 "Sensors 2023 ,23, 6538 6 of 13 Sensors 2023 , 23, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 13 Figure 3. Step length recovery trend (mean with 95% confidence intervals, n = 605). 3.3. Asymmetry Percentage Asymmetry percentage at pre-operative was 12.4 ± 12.4%, was greatest at week 2 (42.0 ± 32.6%, p < 0.001), recovered at week 7 (14.5 ± 19.4%, p = 0.046, and then was con- sistently less than pre-operative at week 10 (10.5 ± 14.7%, p < 0.001, Figure 4). Figure 4. Asymmetry percentage recovery trend (mean with 95% confidence intervals, n = 582). Figure 3. Step length recovery trend (mean with 95% confidence intervals, n = 605). 3.3. Asymmetry Percentage Asymmetry percentage at pre-operative was 12.4 12.4%, was greatest at week 2 (42.032.6%, p< 0.001), recovered at week 7 (14.5 19.4%, p= 0.046, and then was consistently less than pre-operative at week 10 (10.5 14.7%, p< 0.001, Figure 4). Sensors 2023 , 23, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 13 Figure 3. Step length recovery trend (mean with 95% confidence intervals, n = 605). 3.3. Asymmetry Percentage Asymmetry percentage at pre-operative was 12.4 ± 12.4%, was greatest at week 2 (42.0 ± 32.6%, p < 0.001), recovered at week 7 (14.5 ± 19.4%, p = 0.046, and then was con- sistently less than pre-operative at week 10 (10.5 ± 14.7%, p < 0.001, Figure 4). Figure 4. Asymmetry percentage recovery trend (mean with 95% confidence intervals, n = 582). Figure 4. Asymmetry percentage recovery trend (mean with 95% confidence intervals, n = 582)." 674 W4296921787.pdf 5 "Pengaruh Customer Incivility terhadap Kelelahan Emosional 716 Buletin Riset Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM) 2022 , Vol. 2(1), 711-719 linear sederhana untuk melihat pengaruh customer incivility terhadap kelelahan emosional , diperoleh hasil bahwa customer incivility memberikan pen garuh positif dan signifikan terhadap kelelahan emosional pada frontliner bank, artinya apabila customer incivility yang diterima oleh frontliner semakin tinggi , maka kelelahan emosional yang dirasakan juga akan semakin tinggi , dan begitu pula sebaliknya . Hasil dalam penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya oleh Cho dkk., (2016) , yaitu diperoleh hasil bahwa workplace incivility secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan kelelahan emosional yang dirasakan oleh karyawan. Workplace incivility ini di dalamnya termasuk perilaku incivility yang dilakukan oleh pelanggan ( customer incivility ), supervisor ( supervisor incivility ), dan rekan kerja ( co-worker incivility ). Namun, d alam penelitian tersebut tidak disebutkan besaran pengaruh dari workplace incivility terhadap kelelahan emosional . Dalam penelitian t ersebut hanya dijelaskan bahwa customer incivility memiliki nilai paling tinggi dalam meningkatkan kelelahan emosional yang dirasakan oleh karyawan. Sedangkan, dalam penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti, diperoleh hasil besaran pengaruh customer incivility terhadap kelelahan emosional sebesar 1 6,4%. Kekuatan pengaruh dalam penelitian ini dapat dikatakan cukup lemah, diduga karena customer incivility yang memiliki sifat ambigu dalam menyakiti targetnya (Pearson dkk., 2005) , sehingga terdapat perilaku yang sebenarnya termasuk dalam perilaku customer incivility , namun dianggap sebagai perilaku yang wajar oleh responden. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi linear berganda dengan teknik Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) untuk melihat peran regulasi emosi dalam memoderasi pengaruh customer incivility terhadap kelelahan emosional, diketahui bahwa terdapat kenaikan nilai koefisien determinasi sebelum dan sesudah ditambahkan variabel moderator berupa regulasi emosi cognitive reappraisal dan expressive suppression . Namun penin gkatan nilai koefisien determinasi yang tidak terlalu tinggi tersebut belum cukup kuat untuk membuktikan bahwa variabel moderator mampu memoderasi pengaruh customer incivility terhadap kelelahan emosional, sehingga diperlukan uji selanjutnya, yaitu dengan menggunakan uji F dan uji T. Selanjutnya, pada uji F diketahui bahwa customer incivility, regulasi emosi cognitive reappraisal, dan regulasi emosi expressive suppression memiliki pengaruh secara simultan atau serentak terhadap kelelahan emosional. Meskipun diketahui bahwa variabel customer incivility, regulasi emosi cognitive reappraisal, dan regulasi emosi expressive suppression berpengaruh secara simultan, namun hal tersebut belum bisa digunakan untuk menarik kesimpulan bahwa regulasi emosi cognit ive reappraisal dan regulasi emosi expressive suppression mampu memoderasi pengaruh customer incivility terhadap kelelahan emosional. Terakhir, dilakukan uji T dan diketahui interaksi antara customer incivility dan regulasi emosi cognitive reappraisal memi liki nilai koefisien parameter sebesar -0,028 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0, 480 (p>0,005), sedangkan interaksi antara customer incivility dan regulasi emosi expressive suppression memiliki nilai koefisien parameter sebesar -0,007 dengan signifikansi sebesa r 0,194 (p>0,005). Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel regulasi emosi cognitive reappraisal dan regulasi emosi expressive suppression tidak signifikan memoderasi pengaruh customer incivility terhadap kelelahan emosional. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya oleh Donker dkk. (2020) . Perbedaan hasil tersebut diduga karena dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik responden yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini memiliki masa kerja yang cukup lama. Responden yang digunakan dalam p enelitian ini mayoritas memiliki masa kerja di atas 3 tahun (53,3%), dengan rincian sebagai berikut: responden dengan masa kerja selama 3 -5 tahun sebanyak 34 orang (32,4%), 6 -10 tahun sebanyak 15 orang (14,3%), dan di atas 10 tahun sebanyak 7 orang (6,7%). Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Park dkk . (2022) , diketahui bahwa semakin lama masa kerja seseorang, maka semakin seseorang tersebut beradaptasi dengan kebutuhan peran dalam pekerjaan mereka dan tela h memiliki pengendalian diri yang cukup kuat untuk memenuhi tuntutan" 675 W4386251990.pdf 6 "Page 7 of 8 Shafiee-Kandjani et al. BMC Psychiatry (2023) 23:631 Conclusions Recent studies showed schizophrenia associated with several abnormalities in the miRNAs and cytokines. Alterations in cytokine levels and miRNAs expression may precede the first-episode of psychosis; thus, these serum markers might be useful for early illness detection strategies. The current study’s results showed that the miR-26a could be suggested as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia and related disorder diagnosis in the early stages. More analysis needs to be undertaken to clarify the miRNAs and the immune system’s involvement in this regard. It is recommended that miRNA levels assess by disease severity and clinical profiles to provide reliable evidence for the concoctions between higher levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and mi-RNAs in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with controls. This is a departure point for conducting future studies. Acknowledgements This work was elicited from the psychiatry residency dissertation of Dr. Negin Nejadettehad with the Reg. No. 59139 from the department of psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. We sincerely thank all the people and their family for their support and participation and all the medical staff involved in collecting blood samples. Authors’ contributions ARSh: Developed the original idea, protocol development and interpretation, and contributed in the manuscript development. Data collection, Data extraction, contributed to the development of the protocol: NN, SF, RB, DSh, and MH. Contributed to the manuscript development, review, revising, and analysis: HA. All the authors approved the final manuscript. Funding The present study was financially supported, reviewed and supervised by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences to number 65618/D/5. Data availability The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was approved by ethics committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences to number: I.R.TBZMED.REC.1397.965. Written informed consent was obtained from all the subjects before the interview. For subjects who were under 18, written informed consent was obtained from the father or guardian of participants face to face after justifying the purpose of the study. Authors confirm that all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Consent for publication Not applicable. Received: 21 April 2023 / Accepted: 24 August 2023 References 1. Miller BJ, Buckley P , Seabolt W, Mellor A, Kirkpatrick B. 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A persian translation of the" 676 W1985304704.pdf 7 "locus for AR after solid organ transplantation, which could be utilized to identify patients predisposed to AR and potentially benefiting from personalized immunosuppressive protocol. In addition, monitoring TGFB1 could help manage CR to some extent, as TGFB1 triggers fibrogenesis linked to chronic rejection (CR). Further well-designed and unbiased studies with larger sample size, diverse ethnicities, donor-recipient pairing and various applications of CNIs should be conducted to verify our findings. Furthermore, functional studies of TGFB1 gene polymorphism are warranted to understand the underlying mechanisms. Supporting Information Figure S1 Begg’s funnel plot for publication bias test (LP vs. HP for TGFB1 haplotypes). (TIF) Figure S2 Begg’s funnel plot for publication bias test (IP vs. HP for TGFB1 haplotypes). (TIF)Figure S3 Begg’s funnel plot for publication bias test (LP/IP vs. HP for TGFB1 haplotypes). (TIF) Checklist S1 PRISMA checklist. (DOC) Table S1 Statistical analyses of publication bias for TGFB1 haplotypes at +869 T/C and +915 G/C polymor- phisms. (DOC) Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: YZG RPJ. Performed the experiments: YZG RW TZL MHL XFG XMJ XBZ LPL SJT QS WCLJGZ. Analyzed the data: YZG RW TZL WCL JGZ. Contributedreagents/materials/analysis tools: YZG MHL XFG XBZ LPL. Wrotethe paper: YZG RW LPL. Proofread and revised the paper: RPJ. References 1. Li MO, Flavell RA (2008) TGF-beta: a master of all T cell trades. Cell 134: 392– 404. 2. Blobe GC, Schiemann WP, Lodish HF (2000) Role of transforming growth factor beta in human disease. N Engl J Med 342: 1350–1358. 3. Edgley AJ, Krum H, Kelly DJ (2012) Targeting fibrosis for the treatment of heart failure: a role for transforming growth factor-beta. Cardiovasc Ther 30: e30–40. 4. Massague J (2008) TGFbeta in Cancer. Cell 134: 215–230. 5. 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J Heart Lung Transplant 31: 1052–1064.TGFB1 Haplotypes and Acute Rejection PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 8 April 2014 | Volume 9 | Issue 4 | e93938" 677 W2057420059.pdf 5 "stated in the Background sect ion, mixing assembly tools mostly provided inferior results, however for some cases GAA managed to improve the N50 size with an increaseof>80%. We applied GAA and GAM-NGS for all pairwise combinations of 8 assemblers twice (accounting for the asymmetry). We evaluated Mix results against those for the 8 assemblers, as well as merged assemblies produced by GAA and GAM-NGS. All e valuations were per- formed using QUAST [19] under the same parametersas GAGE-B. Three different types of metrics are used byQUAST. First, classical asse mbly statistics based on the distribution of the length of each contig of an assembly.These statistics do not require any reference genome and are used to measure the fragmentation of an assem- bly. A second set of statistics is derived from an align-ment of the assembly against a reference genome.Contigs that are aligned over distant locations in thereference genome or that c ontain misassemblies are split, and fragmentation is measured over the split con-tigs. Using these alignments, additional measures reportthe ratio of duplication as well as the fraction of the reference genome that is covered by an assembly. A third, more robust, statistics is derived from the conser-vation of gene products. These last two statistics can bemeasured only if a fully assembled and annotated refer-ence genomes is provided. In total 1171 different assemblies were produced by crossing each species, master and slave assembler data-sets (for GAM and GAA) and all possible pairs of assem- blers for Mix . All original assemblies were downloaded from the GAGE-B website, they consist of contigs assem- blies and correspond to HiSeq libraries, with the excep-tion of B. cereus for which we used assemblies based on MiSeq libraries in order to match the GAGE-B setup.Only 13 species/merger/assemblers combination aremissing from the full factorial setup. Figure 3 reports theNA50 distributions per species and assembly merger con- trasted with single (unmerged) assemblies. Two species are missing from this figure, X. axonopodis andA. hydro- phila , since the strain sequenced during the GAGE-B pro- ject is too distant from the reference genome to computea NA50 value (this holds for all assemblies for these twospecies). In setups where a close-enough reference genomeis not available, the sole statistics available to “score ” assemblies are based on fragmentation measures, notably the N50. To simulate such reference-less setup, we selected for each species and each assembly merger thetop 5 assemblies when ranked by N50. By analyzing howthese “blindly ”selected top N50 assemblies are scored with regards to statistics based on a reference genome, wecan analyze the soundness of this selection heuristic. In Figure 3, we observe that for all but S. aureus either GAM-NGS or Mix improve the single assemblysubstantially. Notably for B. cereus , for which the authors of GAGE-B already reported some improvement over sin-gle assemblies when using GAA, we manage with GAM orMix to improve even more. The best Mix assembly for B. cereus stitches 90 contigs from MaSuRCA and 105 from SOAP into 47 contigs (including 4 extension paths), improving the NA50 score by 97%(NA50 of 487kb). For five out of six species, one of the top 5 assemblies gener-ated by Mix is better than the best GAA, GAM and single assemblies. In particular, Mix significantly improves statis- tics measuring fragmentation of assemblies (for completeresults, see results and figures available at https://github.com/cbib/MIX), as well as alignments of contigs. Similarplots and tabular data for other QUAST statistics are available on the accompanying MIX website. These also show the asymmetry in the results when one or another ofassemblies is treated as target (resp., master) by GAA(resp., GAM-NGS). Of particular concern when merging multiple assemblies is the potential increase in duplication. Indeed, the bottompanel of Figure 3 shows that overall, the mean duplicationratio for Mix is higher than for other assemblers, the worst case happening for V. cholera where one of Mix top 5 assemblies has a duplication that is out of range of theothers. It is worth noting however that generally the dupli-cation ratio of Mix assemblies stays within the same range as that produced by other assemblers (on the order of1-2%). Finally and most importantly, we also observe thatselecting assemblies solely based on the N50 value oftenselects the best assemblies, as validated by additional refer- ence-genome based statistics. Application to Mycoplasma genomes We have assembled the 10 newly sequenced genomes of bacteria belonging to the genus Mycoplasma. Mycoplas- mas are small bacteria often portrayed as the best repre- sentative of the minimal cell. Indeed, their genomes areextremely reduced ( i.e., 0.58 to 1.4 Mbp) with a low GC- content, most of them ranging from 24 to 30%. For theMycoplasma genomes the available NGS data consisted in 454 and Illumina (mate pair ed) reads, produced in the frame of the ANR EVOLMYCO project (see Table 1). To build input assemblies we have chosen three assemblers: ABySS, MIRA and CLC. Two of them werechosen based on the GAGE-B study by considering thefollowing points. 1. SPAdes [20] was the winner in terms of N50. How-ever it produced a large nu mber of small, unaligned contigs and was consequently excluded from our study.2. ABySS consistently produced assemblies with thefewest errors and had the second best N50.3. MIRA produced a large corrected N50 with errorsoccurring mostly in smaller contigs.Soueidan et al .BMC Bioinformatics 2013, 14(Suppl 15):S16 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/14/S15/S16Page 6 of 11" 678 W4389579505.pdf 1 "Page 2 of 15 Original Research http://www.sajhrm.co.za Open Access Van Stormbroek & Blomme, 2017), less attention has been given to the influence of socio-demographical differences on the relationship between these two concepts (Deas, 2017; Rafiee et al., 2015). Furthermore, there is a shortage of research on socio-demographic differences among employees in HEIs – especially in open-distance learning (ODL) institutions – in terms of how employees’ psychological contracts impact staff retention (Deas, 2018; Peltokorpi et al., 2015; Rafiee et al., 2015). Based on the high staff turnover rates at HEIs in SA (Barkhuizen et al., 2020), as well as the diversity of the workforce at these institutions (Setati et al., 2019), it is imperative that these institutions develop and implement retention strategies aimed at strengthening the retention of their valuable and diverse employees. Therefore, the present study aims to address this gap by specifically exploring the socio-demographical differences among employees in HEIs, and the role these differences play in the relationship between their psychological contract-related perceptions and the retention of staff. The findings of the study can therefore potentially add valuable new insights that could inform retention practices for diverse employees employed in the HE environment. Staff retention in the higher education context Higher education institutions in SA face immense difficulties in terms of skilled human resources and retention of their valuable and skilled employees, which has a devastating effect on the successful functioning of these institutions (Abugre, 2018; Barkhuizen et al., 2020; Deas, 2018; Erasmus et al., 2015; Gerstein & Friedman, 2016; Mukwawaya, 2022; Musakuro, 2022; Robyn, 2012; Tettey, 2006). Previous research suggests that there may be as much as a 13 % shortage of academic and support staff at HEIs (Abugre, 2018; Deas & Coetzee, 2020; Dewhurst et al., 2013). Research by Theron et al. (2014) determined that 33.8 % of employees in South African HEIs showed a strong intention to leave their institutions. Higher Education of South Africa (HESA, 2011), Lindathaba-Nkadimene (2020), as well as Omodan (2022) likewise, concluded that HEIs are battling with poor levels of staff retention and high labour turnover. If HEIs are not able to retain their key employees, they will not be able to remain competitive and offer quality services (Hailu et al., 2013). The high staff turnover in HEIs may be resulting from several challenges experienced in the HE sector, such as financial constraints, uncompetitive remuneration packages, mergers, acquisitions, job insecurity, lack of resources, and an overload of demands placed on employees (Balakrishnan & Vijayalakshmi, 2014; Ngobeni & Bezuidenhout, 2011; Robyn & Du Preez, 2013). Furthermore, South African HEIs operate in a multifaceted milieu with a socio-demographically diverse labour force. In a South African study, Döckel (2003) identified six crucial retention factors (also referred to as retention practices) that organisations should consider when developing and implementing retention strategies (Döckel et al., 2006; Van Dyk & Coetzee, 2012). These factors comprise: compensation, job characteristics, opportunities for training and development, supervisor support, career opportunities, and work-life balance policies. Thus, effective capacity building, and staff retention along with the type of relationship which progresses between diverse groups of employees and their employers, will ultimately determine the success of HEIs (Armstrong & Taylor, 2014; Festing & Schäfer, 2014; Guo, 2017; Mukwawaya, 2022; Snyman, 2022). Employees are one of the most important assets of any organisation, and in order to ensure the success and efficient functioning of these institutions, it is imperative for HEIs to develop and implement retention practices which take the needs of various socio-demographic groups into account. Higher education institutions can only diagnose and prevent turnover of their employees when there is a fruitful employment relationship and the diverse needs of their employees are appreciated and incorporated into retention practices (Grobler & Jansen van Rensburg, 2019; Ng’ethe et al., 2012). The relationship between the psychological contract and staff retention For HEIs to develop and implement retention strategies and practices aimed at addressing the high turnover levels, it is important to determine the factors that may have an impact on employees’ decision to stay with or leave their organisation. Empirical evidence shows that the type of relationship that exists between employees and their employer, and the extent to which employees perceive their employer to adhere to commitments made within the relationship, strongly impact retention (Guest, 2004; Le Roux & Rothman, 2013; Van Stormbroek & Blomme, 2017). This may be referred to as the psychological contract between employees and employers (Bal & Kooij, 2011; Rousseau, 1989). The psychological contract is a subjective, unwritten, open-ended contract based on the reciprocal expectations of both parties to the employment relationship (Eds. Guest et al., 2010; Kraak et al., 2017; Rousseau, 1989; 1990; 1995). The state of employees’ psychological contracts is largely determined by the extent to which perceived promises made to them have been kept and obligations adhered to (Van der Vaart et al., 2013; Van Stormbroek & Blomme, 2017). The psychological contract is the basis of the employment relationship and has an enormous impact on employee retention (Guest, 1998; Kraak et al., 2017; Van der Vaart et al., 2015). When employees have a strong psychological contract with their employer, they are less likely to leave their organisation and more likely to be committed to their employer (Chin & Hung, 2013; Deas, 2017; Ngakantsi, 2022). Previous studies concur that perceived psychological contract breach negatively affects commitment and retention, and increases both planned and actual turnover (Deas, 2017; Peirce et al., 2012; Snyman, 2021; Van Dijk & Ramatswi, 2016). A study by Deas (2017) showed that positive psychological contract-related perceptions are associated with higher satisfaction with the human resource factors that influence retention, namely, compensation, job characteristics, training and development opportunities, supervisor support, career" 679 W4281767651.pdf 2 "T[a_XW[i[`SUSS_S^[ǜeYfc`S^[ ¬Yfc`S^T[a_XW[i[`n[bcS]e[][ ¬  ɮ ɸ ɖɹ ɮ ɖɮɹɹ №2 | 2022 3 Верстка: Хуршид Мирзахмедов Контакт редакций журналов. www.tadqiqot.uz ООО Tadqiqot город Ташкент, улица Амира Темура пр.1, дом -2. Web: http://www.tadqiqot.uz/; E -mail: info@tadqiqot.uz Тел: (+998 -94) 404-0000 Editorial staff of the journals of www.tadqiqot.uz Tadqiqot LLC The city of Tashkent, Amir Temur Street pr.1, House 2. Web: http://www.tadqiqot.uz/; E -mail: info@tadqiqot.uz Phone: (+998 -94) 404 -0000 Yfc`S^T[a_XW[i[`n[bcS]e[][  №2 (2022) DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181 -9300 -2022-2 Главный редактор: Ризаев Жасур Алимджанович доктор медицинских наук, профессор, Ректор Самаркандского государственного медицинского института , ORCID ID: 0000 -0001 -5468 -9403 Заместитель главного редактора: Зиядуллаев Шухрат Худайбердиевич доктор медицинских наук, проректор по научной работе и инновациям Самаркандского государственного медицинского института , ORCID ID: 0000 -0002 -9309 -3933 Ответственный секретарь: Самиева Гульноза Уткуровна доктор медицинских наук, доцент Самаркандского государственного медицинского института . ORCID ID: 0000 -0002 -6142 -7054 cXWS]i[a``n\]a^^XV[r ” Хаитов Рахим Мусаевич академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации, научный руководитель ФГБУ ""ГНЦ Институт иммунологии"" ФМБА России. Jin Young Choi профессор департамента оральной и челюстно -лицевой хирургии школы стоматологии Стоматологического госпиталя Сеульского национального университета, Президент Корейского общества челюстно -лицевой и эстетической хирургии Гулямов Сур ъат Саидвалиевич доктор медицинских наук., профессор Проректор по научной работе и инновациям в Ташкентском педиатрическом медицинском институте. ORCID ID : 0000 -0002 -9444 -4555 Абдуллаева Наргиза Нурмаматовна доктор медицинских наук, профессор , проректор Самаркандского государственного медицинского института , Главный врач 1 -клиники . ORCID ID: 0000 -0002 -7529 -4248 Худоярова Дилдора Рахимовна доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой Акушерства и гинекологии №1 Самаркандского государственного медицинского института ORCID ID: 0000 -0001 -5770 -2255 Раббимова Дилфуза Таштемировна кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой Пропедевтики детских болезней Самаркандского государственного медицинского института ORCID ID : 0000 -0003 -4229 -6017 Орипов Фирдавс Суръатович доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой Гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии Самаркандского государственного медицинского института ORCID ID : 0000 -0002 -0615 -0144 Ярмухамедова Саодат Хабибовна кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой Пропедевтики внутренных болезней Самаркандского государственного медицинского института ORCID ID : 0000-0001 -5975 -1261 Мавлянов Фарход Шавкатович доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры Детской хирургии Самаркандского государственного медицинского института ORCID ID: 0000 -0003 -2650 -4445 Акбаров Миршавкат Миролимович доктор медицинских наук, Республиканский специализированный центр хирургии имени академика В.Вахидова Саидов Саидамир Аброрович доктор медицинских наук, Ташкентский фармацевтический институт ORCID ID: 0000 -0002 -6616 -5428 Тураев Феруз Фатхуллаевич доктор медицинских наук, главный научный с отрудник отделения приобретенных пороков сердца Республиканского специализированного центра хирургии имени академика В.Вахидова . ORCID ID: 0000 -0002 -6778 -6920 Худанов Бахтинур Ойб утаевич доктор медицинских наук, Министерство Инновационного развития Республики Узбекистан Бабаджанов Ойбек Абдужаббарович доктор медицинских наук, Ташкентский педиатрический медицинский институт, кафедра Дерматовенерология, детская дерматовенерология и СПИД , ORCID ID: 0000 -0002 -3022 -916X Теребаев Билим Алдамуратович кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры Факультетской детской хирургии Ташкентского педиатрического медицинского института . ORCID ID: 0000 -0002 -5409 -4327 Юлдашев Ботир Ахматович кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры Педиатрии, неонаталогии и пропедевтики детских болезней №2 Самаркандского государственного медицинского института ORCID ID: 0000 -0003 -2442 -1523 Эшкобилов Тура Жураевич кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры Судебной медицины и патологической анатомии Самаркандского государственного медицинского института ORCID ID: 0000 -0003 -3914 -7221 Рахимов Нодир Махамматкулович доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры онкологии Самарнкандского медицинского института ORCID ID: 0000 -0001 -5272 -5503 Ответственный за публикацию : Абзалова Шахноза Рустамовна кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, Ташкентский педиатрический медицинский институт. ORCID ID: 0000 -0002 -0066 -3547 " 680 W4281761797.pdf 3 " XUL Q Inson ikki narsadan murakkabdur. Biri jasad, ikkinchisi nafsdur. Jasad ko’z ila bor narsalarni ko’rur. Ammo nafs idrok ila yaxshini yomondan, oqni qoradan ayirur. Jasadning ham, nafsning ham biror surati bordurki, yo yaxshi va yo yomon bo’ladur. YAXSHI X ULQ, YOMON XULQ Axloq ulamosi insonlarning xulqlarini ikkiga bo’lmishlar Agar nafs tarbiyat topib, yaxshi ishlarni qilurga odat qilsa, yaxshilikg’a tavsif bo’lub, «yaxshi xulq» agar tarbiyatsiz o’sub, yomon ishlaydurgan bo’lub ketsa, yomonliqg’a tavsif bo’lub «yomon xulq» deb atalur. «Qush uyasinda ko’rganin qiladur». Inson javhari qobildur. Agar yaxshi tarbiya topib, buzuq xulqlardan saqlanub, go’zal xulqlarga odatlanub katta bo’lsa, har kim qoshida maqbul, baxtiyor bir inson bo’lub chiqar. Agar tarbiyatsiz, axloqi buzulub o’ssa, Allohdan qo’rqmaydurgan, shariatga amal qilmaydurgan, nasihatni qulog’iga olmaydurgan, har xil buzuq ishlarni qiladurgan, nodon, johil bir rasvoyi olam bo’lub qolur. Abdulla Avloniy tarbiyani tug’ulgan kundan boshlash kerakligini, aynan shu paytdan axloqimizni go’zal qilib borishimizni, zehnimizni ham ravshanlashtirishimizni “Turkiy guliston yoxud axloq” asarida aytib o’tgan. Bundan tashqari, “Tarbiyani inson qayerdan olishi kerak”, - degan savolga birinchi navbatda, uydan olish kerakligini va farzandiga tarbiya berish, avvalo, onaning vazifasi ekanligini ta’kidlagan. Kishiga onaning tarbiyasidan tashqari maktab va madrasaning tarbiyasi ham, bundan tashqari tarbiya beri sh otaning, muallimning, mudarrisning va hukumatning ham vazifasi ekanligini aytgan. Yoshlarga ma’naviyatning ma’no -mazmunini, uning inson va jamiyat hayotidagi o’rni va ahamiyatini tushintirishga, ruhiy -ma’naviy oziq berish, dunyoqarashini yuksaltirishga xizmat qiladi. Maktablarda ham o’quvchilarning tarbiyasini yaxshilashga, ularni namunali xulqqa, axloqiy sifatlarini rivojlantirishga yo’naltiruvchi turli anjumanlar, davra suhbatlari, bahs - munozaralar, uchrashuvlar uyushtirish, ma’naviy tarbiyaning mazm un- mohiyatini o’quvchilarga tushunarli tarzda izohlab beradigan qo’llanma va tavsiyalar tayyorlash kerak. Xulosa qilib aytganda, yoshlarni yuqorida ko’rsatilgan usullar yordamida ma’naviy -ma’rifiy ruhda tarbiyalash barkamol avlodni shakllantirishdagi muamm olarni bartaraf etishi mumkin. " 681 W4388044077.pdf 6 "152 PRESUMPTION of LAW Fakultas Hukum Universitas Majalengka Volume 5 Nomor 2, Oktober 2023 e. Menetapkan Terdakwa membayar biaya perkara sejumlah Rp2.000,- (dua ribu rupiah). 2. Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Menjatuhkan Putusan Perkara Tindak Pidana Penganiyaan Terhadap Anggota TNI Berdasarkan Putusan Nomor: 359/Pid.B/2022/PN Tjk Musyawarah hakim pada mengambil suatu putusan merupakan salah satu unsur penting pada menegakkan suatu putusan, sebab musyawarah merupakan aspek penting berasal segala aspek putusan, bahkan putusan tak cukup memuat musyawarah menjadi alasan untuk diberikannya pengajuan pulang. Upaya hukum, baik banding juga kasasi, mengakibatkan putusan berpotensi dibatalkan oleh pengadilan lebih tinggi . Pada pemeriksaan perkara, hakim wajib memperhatikan alat bukti, sebab hasil pembuktian nantinya dipergunakan menjadi bahan pemeriksaan perkara. Pembuktian merupakan tahapan sidang pengadilan sangat penting, pembuktian bertujuan untuk menerima kepastian bahwa suatu peristiwa fakta dituduhkan benar terjadi guna memperoleh putusan benar serta adil dari hakim. Hakim takakan bisa merogoh putusan hingga jelas baginya bahwa peristiwa fakta benar terjadi, yakni kebenarannya terbukti sebagai akibatnya tampak adanya hubungan hukum antara para pihak. Sesuai wawancara penulis dengan ibu Aria Verronica7, hakim pada Pengadilan Negeri Tanjungkarang, berkata bahwa pertimbangan hakim pada putusan kasus nomor 359/Pid.B/2022/PN Tjk dilakukan oleh terdakwa Rachmad Ardian Saputra Bin Diansyah F Nata benar. Bisa dilihat bahwa hakim wajib mendasarkan putusannya pada bukti , unsur serta pertimbangan cermat, pada terdakwa Rachmad Ardian Saputra Bin Diansyah F. Nata benar serta terbukti melakukan penganiayaan yang melanggar hukum terhadap Anggota. Selain faktor lain yang dikemukakan hakim dalam perkara tersebut, TNI adalah sebagai berikut: a. Menimbang bahwa sesuai dengan Pasal 352(1) KUHP, Jaksa Penuntut Umum mendakwa terdakwa dengan satu dakwaan yang mengandung unsur -unsur sebagai berikut: 1) Komponen siapa 2) Komponen menganiaya seseorang; b. Menimbang bahwa pada saat terdakwa sedang mengamen, tidak ada pengunjung yang menawarkan uang; malah saksi Mufti Akbar Rafzanjani memberikan uang kepada terdakwa sebesar Rp. 2000, yang tidak diterima oleh terdakwa hingga terdakwa memeriksa saksi Muft i Akbar Rafzanjani; Menimbang, bahwa pada saat terjadi perkelahian antara Terdakwa dengan saksi Mufti Akbar Rafzanjani serta teman saksi Mufti Akbar Rafzanjani berbadan besar; c. Menimbang bahwa pada saat terjadi perkelahian antara terdakwa dengan saksi Mufti Akbar Rafzanjani dengan teman saksi Mufti Akbar Rafzanjani bertubuh tinggi ; 7 Hasil wawancara dengan H akim pada Pengadilan Negeri Tanjungkarang" 682 W2005256698.pdf 0 "Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 209– 218, 2010 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/209/2010/ © Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Aerosols that form subvisible cirrus at the tropical tropopause K. D. Froyd1,2, D. M. Murphy1, P. Lawson3, D. Baumgardner4, and R. L. Herman5 1NOAA Earth System ResearchLaboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA 2Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 3SPEC Incorporated, Boulder, CO, USA 4Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico 5Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA Received: 11 September 2009 –Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 29 September 2009 Revised: 16 December 2009 – Accepted: 17 December 2009 – Published: 12 January 2010 Abstract. The composition of residual particles from evap- orated cirrusice crystalsnear the tropical tropopause as well as unfrozen aerosols were measured with a single particle massspectrometer. Subvisiblecirrusresidualswerepredom- inantly composed of internal mixtures of neutralized sulfate with organic material and were chemically indistinguishable from unfrozen sulfate-organic aerosols. Ice residuals were also similar in size to unfrozen aerosol. Heterogeneous ice nuclei such as mineral dust were not enhanced in these sub- visible cirrus residuals. Biomass burning particles were de- pleted in the residuals. Cloud probe measurements showing low cirrus ice crystal number concentrations were inconsis- tent with conventional homogeneous freezing. Recent lab- oratory studies provide heterogeneous nucleation scenarios that may explain tropopause level subvisible cirrus forma- tion. 1 Introduction Optically thin cirrus are a common feature of the tropical troposphere layer (TTL) (Fueglistaler et al., 2009; Dessler et al., 2006; Liu, 2007). Cirrus with very low optical den- sities ( τ<0.03), often termed subvisible cirrus (SVC), are widespread laminar features that occur primarily in the trop- ical tropopause region. SVC can form in situ (Pfister et al., 2001; Schwartz and Mace, 2009) or as a consequence of recent convection (Dessler and Yang, 2003; Garrett et al., 2004; Massie et al., 2002). These cirrus regulate the vertical Correspondence to: K. D. Froyd (Karl.Froyd@noaa.gov)transport of water vapor (Jensen and Pfister, 2004; Jensen et al., 1996; Luo et al., 2003) as well as aerosols and condens- able gases into the stratosphere. The radiative properties of thin cirrus can influence the local thermal budget and drive dynamics of the tropopause region (Comstock et al., 2002; Hartmann et al., 2001; Jensen et al., 1996; McFarquhar et al., 2000). Knowledge of SVC formation mechanisms is hampered by limited field observations of aerosol size, composition, and ice-forming capability in the tropical upper troposphere. Relative humidities well above ice saturation are frequently foundinclearairinthetropicaltropopauseregionandimply a shortage of effective heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN). Fur- thermore, measured relative humidities near the tropopause (185–204K) are often near or may exceed levels required for homogeneous freezing of soluble aerosols (Jensen et al., 2005;Kr¨ameretal.,2009). Theonsetofhomogeneousfreez- ing would convert a large fraction of accumulation mode aerosols to ice crystals and would be largely independent of aerosol composition. However, in simulations of SVC for- mation, introducing small concentrations of heterogeneous IN more accurately reproduced thin cirrus occurrence, per- sistence, and microphysical properties (Jensen et al., 2001, 2008; Karcher, 2002, 2004). Jensen et al. (2009b) ana- lyzed recent measurements of tropopause level SVC crystal sizes and concentrations using a parcel model and evaluated probable nucleation scenarios. A summary of microphysical properties of SVC is given by Lawson et al. (2008). Single particle information is particularly important for studying ice nucleation since the onset of freezing can vary greatly for different aerosol types that are often externally mixed. Also, direct measurement of ice crystal residue is criticaltodeterminingnucleationmechanisms. Forinstance, Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union." 683 W4323352567.pdf 13 "14203 Discussion 204 Our study showed that aerobics and weight training have beneficial effects on IHD. Without 205 the US guidelines for physical activity, there was a high level of heterogeneity in the effects 206 of physical activity by type, with overall effects of 0.764 (OR; 95% CI: 0.737–0.795). No 207 publication bias was observed. However, after applying the US guidelines for physical 208 activity, there was a low level of heterogeneity in its effects and an observed OR of 0.515 209 (95% CI: 0.401–0.662) for MI. A significant reduction in the heterogeneity of the studies 210 after applying the US guidelines suggests that these recommend certain levels of exercise 211 intensity and include the duration of exercise irrespective of the types of exercise. There was 212 no significant difference among countries. In a previous related study, increased physical 213 activity was found to be associated with lower blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, 214 increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in a dose-response manner, and reduced 215 incidence of diabetes [29]. The health benefits of physical activity can be achieved by 216 engaging in moderate-intensity physical activity (brisk walking) for at least 30 min per day, 5 217 days per week, or vigorous activity (jogging) for 20 min or more, 3 days per week. 218 Combinations of the two types of activity can also be performed. Furthermore, a mendelian 219 randomization study reported that genetically predicted self-reported vigorous physical 220 activity was significantly associated with a lower risk of MI (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08–0.68; 221 p-value: 0.007) [30]. Additionally, those results were consistent after the sensitivity analysis. 222 The INTERHEART study demonstrated that regular exercise reduced the risk of MI (OR: 223 0.86) [31]. A different study, which followed 84,129 women who engaged in moderate or 224 vigorous exercise for over 30 min per day, reported a relative risk of 0.17 [32]. 225 The strength of the current study was that the beneficial effects of physical activity on 226 cardiovascular health were reported with the US guidelines for physical activity. The level, . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review)The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted March 7, 2023. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.06.23286885doi: medRxiv preprint" 684 W2172206941.pdf 3 "132 J. Park et al.: EPB in TEC Figure 3. Polar plots showing TEC fluctuation level as a func- tion of co-elevation and azimuth angles of GNSS satellites as seen from CHAMP: (a)northern low-latitude region (between C5 and C25N),(b)equatorial region (between " 685 W4384557995.pdf 3 "Animals 2023 ,13, 2323 4 of 13 Beta diversity was computed using the Bray–Curtis distance method and plotted with a principal component analysis (PCoA) using a ggplot2 R package [42]. Differential analysis was performed using the DESeq2 package in R [ 43] and the differences between breeds and diets were analyzed in separate models (Table 2) as reported by López-Garc ía et al. [ 13]. The visualization of detected differences was made using the EnhancedVolcano package in R [44]. Table 2. DESeq2 differential abundance models for each contrast. Contrast Model Design Breed contrast Diet + Breeds Interaction effects in crossbred Diet + Time + Diet: Time Interaction effects in Nero Siciliano Diet + Time + Diet: Time 2.5. Statistical Analysis To evaluate the distribution of alpha diversity, based on the Shannon index, a one-way nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used for diet and breed variables, while the nonparamet- ric Kruskal–Wallis test was employed for the time variable. The PCoA, which evaluates the differences between samples based on the Bray– Curtis distance, was assessed through permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) with 999 permutations using the vegan package [45]. The differences produced during the differential analysis were determined by a Wald test p-value and were considered statistically significant using a false discovery rate (FDR) cut-off of 0.05 and a fold-change (FC) higher than 1.5 or lower than " 686 W2768818596.pdf 0 "1 Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 123456789028th Micromechanics and Microsystems Europe Workshop IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 922 (2017) 012007 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/922/1/012007 Smart design piezoelectric energy harvester with self -tuning L G H Staaf1, E Köhler1, P D Folkow2, P Enoksson1 1 Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden 2 Division Dyanmics, Chalmers University o f Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden V96staaf@chalmers.se Abstract . Piezoelectric energy harvesting on a gas turbine implies constraints like high temperature tolerance, size limitation and a particular range of vibrations to utilise. In order to be able to op erate under these conditions a harvester needs to be space effective and efficient and to respond to the appropriate range of frequencies. We present the design, simulation and measurements for a clamped -clamped coupled piezoelectric harvester with a free -sliding weight , which adds self -tuning for improved response within the range of vibrations from the gas turbine. We show a peak open circuit voltage of 11.7 V and a 3 dB bandwidth of 12 Hz. 1. Introduction The coming of the internet of things requires that we now develop alternative energy sources to replace or support today's and tomorrow's batteries. Alternative energy sources such as energy harvesters have been focused on by many researchers during the past years [1]. Energy harvesters convert ambient energy i n our surrounding, like solar irradiation, wind, heat and mechanical vibrations into electric energy. For a gas turbine the main ambient energies are heat and mechanical vibrations. The thermal energy is concentrated to certain areas within the gas turbine , while vibrations are more or less available everywhere, making piezoelectric energy harvesting a viable option. The main challenge for piezoelectric energy harvesting is to maintain a sufficient power output over a broad bandwidth; much research has been done on broadening the harvesting bandwidth [1 -2] In this paper we report on the design, simulation and measurements of a piezoelectric harvester with self-tuning for wider bandwidth and coupled piezoelectric cantilevers to maintain a high power output by extended strain distribution. The harvester is designed to meet the gas turbine s specific conditions on size, temperature and frequency. Previous work [3] has shown that by utilizing a distributed stress pattern over the whole cantilever , the complete area of the piezoelectric cantilever is used and not only the clamped end, thereby yielding a higher power output. In previous work [4] this distributed stress pattern was observed for a cantilever with one end fixed and the other end coupled to a second (top) cantilever (which showed a stress pattern similar to a single cantilever with one end fixed). In the present design both cantilevers are clamped and coupled at each end, hence using all available piezoelectric capacity to optimize the power output. To ext end the bandwidth, passive self -tuning is introduced by a free sliding weight. In previous work a free sliding proof mass has been used on a thin fixed -fixed beam . When the proof mass slides to one end of the thin beam it can get stuck there even if" 687 W3107351698.pdf 5 "occur. As an ‘alternative ’way, ‘self-re flection ’was commonly referred to by some crew as the ‘substitute ’for reporting. For example, a chief of ficer said:132 C. Xue It was rare (to report). If you reported to the company, it would cause trouble. But in reality, we would not report. It would be digested on board unless it had serious consequences. Fear of ‘trouble ’(for the whole crew and not simply the individual reporting an incident) was suggested as a reason for underreporting and this will be returned to in due course. In C1, in order to encourage more reporting of near misses, a box was placed in public places on the two ships. During my time on board, questions were raised about how individual crew contributed to the near-miss box. The inter- viewees ’reaction seemed to vary, some gave awkward smiles and some were unwilling to talk about their own experiences, just giving a super ficial answer saying that it was the company ’s requirement. However a second of ficer gave a clear and firm response, ‘it was empty ...nobody care about it ’. This general impression showed that commitment to submitting reports to the near miss box remained weak (notwithstanding the super ficial anonymity it provided1). The discussion in this section shows that underreporting of shipboard accidents and near-misses was common. Few safety-related problems were reported unless there was a signi ficant consequence with which the crew could not cope without shore support. Biased Reporting and Underlying Social Factors Not only did this study find considerable under-reporting of accidents and near- misses, it also found that the reporting in both companies could be biased in one way or another. It seemed that the crew, particularly the senior of ficers, would carefully deliberate as to what to state prior to giving any account to their companies. Their ‘general principles ’appeared to be to focus on trivial matters so that some matters could be reported as required by the company without re flecting badly on the crew. One suggested that: Basically for us, the principle of reporting is to report only the good not the bad, to avoid the critical points and dwell on the trivial (Captain). We had certain consideration ...The ship could not report all the issues [to the company]. Also, [the ship] could not report nothing. [So] some innocuous cases might be reported (Chief Of ficer). Reported incidents demonstrated that the crew tended to report ‘innocuous ’cases or‘something unimportant ’to their companies. For example, a chief of ficer said: 1Crews are so small and subdivided in terms of role and department that it is unlikely that anonymity could in fact prevail." 688 W4391444229.pdf 3 "Videtta et al. 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1335706 Frontiers in Psychiatry 04 frontiersin.orgTABLE 1 Sociodemographic and clinical variables of reviewed studies. Study Study designSample size (M/F)Age (mean  ±  sd)Clinical treatment DTI parameters Main results Antidepressant medicationsDosageLength of therapyAcquisition (Tesla, direction, voxel—mm3)IndicesClinical outcomeWM integrity Alexopoulos et al. ( 29)Cross- sectionalMDD: 48 (ns/ns) 70.2 ± 5.8 Escitalopram 10 mg/dd 12 wk 1.5 T, 8, 5 × 5 × 5 FA • Remitters (25) • Non-remitters (23)↑FA ACC, DLPFC, genu (CC), hippocampus, PCC, insula. Davis et al. (30)Cross- sectionalMDD: 165 (61/104)35.7 ± 12.5 Escitalopram 10-20 mg/dd •2 wk. •8 wk• 3.0 T, 30, 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 • 3.0 T, 31, 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5• FA • MD • AD • RD• Responders (80) • Non-responders (85)↓AD bilateral cerebral peduncle, L PTR, R CgC, bilateral CgH, L EC. Dong et al. (31)Cross- sectionalMDD: 127 (58/69) 35.3 ± 9.1 • SSRI • SNRIns 24 wk 3.0 T, 32, 3 × 3 × 3 FA • Remitters (62) • Non-remitters (65)NS FA. Hoogenboom et al. ( 32)Cross- sectionalMDD: 92 (34/58) 46.5 ± 14.6 • SSRI • NDRI • SNRI • TCA • Lithium • NaSSA • SARIns 12 mo • 1.5 T, 7, 6 x 6 x 6 • 1.5 T, 16, 6 × 6 × 6 • 1.5 T, 22, 6 × 6 × 6 • 1.5 T, 23, 6 × 6 × 6 • 1.5 T, 28, 6 × 6 × 6 • 1.5 T, 35, 6 × 6 × 6 • 1.5 T, 39, 6 × 6 × 6 • 1.5 T, 70, 6 x 6 x 6FA • Remitters (63) • Non-remitters (29)↑FA medial fornix. Korgaonkar et al. ( 33)Cross- sectionalMDD: 80 (40/40) 33.8 ± 13.1 • Escitalopram • Sertraline • Venlafaxine-XR• 10-20 mg/dd (Escitalopram) • 50-200 mg/dd (Sertraline) • 75-225 mg/dd (Venlafaxine-XR)8 wk 3.0 T, 42, 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 FA • Remitters (37) • Non-remitters (43)↑FA CgC. ↓FA stria terminalis. Pillai et al. ( 34) Cross- sectionalMDD: 144 (54/90) 37.2 ± 13.7 Sertraline 200 mg/dd (maximum dose)8 wk • ns, 64, 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 • ns, 64, 1.9 × 1.9 × 1.9• FA • MD • AD • RD• Remitters (53) • Non-remitters (91)↓FA WM tracts raphe nucleus- bilateral amygdala. (Continued)" 689 W2144652881.pdf 2 "K. Ziegert et al. 1889 examined separately. The bedside test consists of a clinical examination that can be performed in any care unit as long as the requirements correspond to the competence and qualifications required of a registered nurse. Testing students ’ bedside performance provides an opportunity to evaluate how their theoretical knowledge is applied in practice (Meah et al. , 2009) . During the bedside part of their annual clinical placement, the students take care of a patient in need of comprehensive medical and nursing care. The clinical placement may involve inpatient care (hospital care) or outpatient care (community care). The choice of patient is decided upon after careful joint consideration between the student and clinical lecturer. The patient must give his or her informed consent. During the examination, the student is observed by nurse, who is guided by a structured assessment tool that reflects the areas of competence required by registered nurses. The bedside test has a clear structur e and consists of three ste ps: 1) assessment of needs and pr oblems, analyses and planning; 2) implementation and evaluation of nursing activities ; 3) reflections and final judgment. In the third step the student reflects on steps one and two together with the RN and a clinical lecturer. Based on the scores in the assessment tool and the nurse ’s oral report, the clinical lecturer decides whether the student has passed or failed the bedside examin a- tion. In a previous paper we described how nursing students experienced being assessed by the NCFE (Andersson et al. , 2012) , where the students ’ considered the interactive approach of the written test, in which the correct answer given on the next page, contributes to their learning, and the NCFE, especially the written par t, made them reconsider their education as a whole. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of the NCFE from lecturers who corrected the written part of examination. A further aim was to study the lectures and the RN during observation of the bedside part of the examination. 3. Methods 3.1. Study Design The design of the study was a descriptive, qualitative design. In this study the focus was on the experiences on the use of the NCFE in for a Swedish Bachelor of Sciences in Nursing. 3.2. Ethical Consideration All ethical issues were considered and harm minimised by following the guiding ethical and as the study did not fall under the Swedish Act concerning Ethical Review of Research Involving Humans (SFS, 2008: p. 192), no ethical permission was sought. The participants were fully informed about the voluntary nature of participation, how the data would be treated and the procedures ensuring confidentiality. Informed written consent was o b- tained from all pa rticipant s and all participants were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time without consequences. 3.3. Data Collection Data were collected during two months through study -specific questionnaires that captured also responses to open -ended questions. The participants consisted of four groups: students , lecturers, clinical lecturers and nurses from 10 Swedish Universities collaborating in the NCFE ( Table 1 ). The questionnaire also included open- ended questions where the pa rticipants in this study were asked to describe their experiences of participa ting in both arts of the NCFE: 1) written part and 2) bedside part, and also views of the examinations tools. In this study we selected from the study -specific questionnaire the participants ’ answers. 3.4. Data Analysis The text was subjected to qualitative content analysis (Gran eheim & Lundman, 2004) was used. The analysis started by reading the participants ’ answers as a means to acquire an understanding of the overall NCFE, as well as to capture essential features of the text. Relevant parts of the data included their experiences over time, a s- pects about the organisation and how it is to be an RN. The text w as read and re -read to build a general impre s- sion of the whole material and then sentences describing the participants ’ experiences of the examination were identified. Single words or short sentences were used for the coding of vignettes. Codes with a simi lar content were grouped into categories and outcomes formulated. In this step the main authors (KZ & PLA) condensed the" 690 W4281656749.pdf 9 "duration of the target dataset. As a next step, the [tar of each tuple in T is compared with the [ref of the reference movement pattern. If both PDP representa - tions match exactly irrespective of the temporal length, then the tuple is taken as a match of the one- point reference movement pattern. In this way, we found these six exact matches: Match-I (V2,V4,V5,V6), Match-II (V10CV11CV12CV13), Match- III (V24CV25CV26CV27), Match-IV (V31CV32CV33CV34), Match-V (V36CV37CV38CV39), and Match-VI (V43CV44CV45CV46). A static representation of these six matches is shown in Figures A1–A3 . Each of these matches matched with the reference movement pattern during a specific interval irrespec - tive of its temporal length. This is because we have used the event-based approach where the time at which the event occurred is recorded for the analysis purposes. For instance, in Figure 7, Match-I (V2CV4CV5CV6) matched with the [ref of the one- point reference movement pattern from t26–t47. Note that these matches are found by checking whether the centroids of the vehicles lie inside the buffer zone Z in accordance with the one-point reference movement pattern.4.4. Does the length of a vehicle matter Ganalysis with two points A vehicle is an object with its own dimensions. These dimensions vary according to vehicle type and have a major impact on the probability and severity of crashes. That is why an important question is whether the length of the vehicles affects the process of finding the exact matches. We tried to answer this question by making a two-point reference movement pattern using the front-end (f) and the back-end (b) of the vehicles as shown in Figure 8(a). In this way, we captured the length of the vehicles and sought for the exact matches of this two-point reference movement pattern in the target dataset. The goal is to check if the six matches found for the one-point reference move - ment pattern remain the same for the two-point refer - ence movement pattern or whether considering two points results in different matches than considering a single point. A complete static representation of the two-point reference movement pattern is given in Figure A4. Certainly with two points, the representation [ref of the two-point reference movement pattern differs sig- nificantly from that of the one-point reference pattern. Figure 7. Match-I (V2CV4CV5CV6) for the one-point reference movement pattern.414 A. QAYYUM ET AL." 691 W4313889722.pdf 0 "Citation: El Hafdaoui, H.; El Alaoui, H.; Mahidat, S.; El Harmouzi, Z.; Khallaayoun, A. Impact of Hot Arid Climate on Optimal Placement of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations. Energies 2023 ,16, 753. https:// doi.org/10.3390/en16020753 Academic Editor: Tek Tjing Lie Received: 8 December 2022 Revised: 27 December 2022 Accepted: 3 January 2023 Published: 9 January 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). energies Article Impact of Hot Arid Climate on Optimal Placement of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Hamza El Hafdaoui1,2,*, Hamza El Alaoui1, Salma Mahidat1, Zakaria El Harmouzi1and Ahmed Khallaayoun1 1School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane, Ifrane 53000, Morocco 2National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco *Correspondence: h.elhafdaoui@aui.ma Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more commonplace as they cut down on both fossil fuel use and pollution caused by the transportation sector. However, there are a number of major issues that have arisen as a result of the rapid expansion of electric vehicles, including an inadequate number of charging stations, uneven distribution, and excessive cost. The purpose of this study is to enable EV drivers to find charging stations within optimal distances while also taking into account economic, practical, geographical, and atmospheric considerations. This paper uses the Fez-Meknes region in Morocco as a case study to investigate potential solutions to the issues raised above. The scorching, arid climate of the region could be a deterrent to the widespread use of electric vehicles there. This article first attempts to construct a model of an EV battery on MATLAB/Simulink in order to create battery autonomy of the most widely used EV car in Morocco, taking into account weather, driving style, infrastructure, and traffic. Secondly, collected data from the region and simulation results were then employed to visualize the impact of ambient temperature on EV charging station location planning, and a genetic algorithm-based model for optimizing the placement of charging stations was developed in this research. With this method, EV charging station locations were initially generated under the influence of gas station locations, population and parking areas, and traffic, and eventually through mutation, the generated initial placements were optimized within the bounds of optimal cost, road width, power availability, and autonomy range and influence. The results are displayed to readers in a node-link network to help visually represent the impact of ambient temperatures on EV charging station location optimization and then are displayed in interactive GIS maps. Finally, conclusions and research prospects were provided. Keywords: electric vehicles; EV charging stations; location optimization; genetic algorithm; integer linear programming; geographic information systems 1. Introduction In recent years, electric vehicle sales have skyrocketed. They can use green energy to reduce their environmental impact. EV owners can also save money on gas due to generous subsidies offered by many countries to promote EV adoption [ 1]. The global EV market has grown rapidly due to these benefits. Range anxiety [ 2], the fear of running out of charge while driving, is one of the biggest obstacles to EV adoption [ 3–5]. Range anxiety is reduced by adding charging stations to a transportation network [ 6]. Enough en-route charging opportunities can reduce range anxiety for individual EV drivers by providing at least an energy-feasible path from origin to destination and a desired cost-minimization route. Charging stations are needed as more people buy alternative-fuel electric cars. Electric vehicle charging stations should be distributed optimally to meet demand. Since then, EV charging station placement has been studied extensively. This study has attracted taxi drivers [ 7–9], bus drivers [ 10], and EV owners. Price and consumer interest economists also contributed. Although the EV industry in many countries is large and promising, Energies 2023 ,16, 753. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020753 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies" 692 W2785973954.pdf 11 "280 AI & SOCIETY (2019) 34:269–287 1 3 language of the “mental” and sees mind as embodied. But he also understood it as emerging from the interaction in a social context. In Experience and Nature (Dewey 1929) he sees knowledge as ‘a mode of interaction’ (435) and argues that meaning is not a ‘psychic existence’ (179). Dreyfus, focused on the handling of tools, ignores this more social-interactive view. But if we see technology as an instrument of social cooperation, as I proposed in my interpretation of Dewey’s view of language (Coeckelbergh 2017a, 33–37), then this puts tool use as skillful coping in a more social context. Moreover, whereas Dreyfus seems to put language in a separate category (the conceptual, the symbolical, etc.) divorced from embodied coping, for Dewey language is both embodied and social. It is about organized interaction with other living creatures (258). Second, Dreyfus could have used Dewey’s conception of habit. In Human Nature and Conduct ( 1922), Dewey argues that we know how by means of our habits (Dewey 1922, 177). This idea seems to fit Dreyfus’s account, and could help to understand our use of technology from a more social angle. Dreyfus talks about habit, but does not use Dewey to elaborate this social aspect of skillful coping. That coping and those skills can be under - stood as being part of habitual and shared ways of doing, and our tools become tools in the context of social groups (186). Third, Dewey’s work also seems particularly relevant when it comes to conceptualize public discussions about technology. In Dreyfus’s work, the public dimension is men-tioned but not theorized. Dewey could be used to elaborate this aspect of the social in a non-Hegelian way. But Dreyfus rejects this route. Here a significant barrier to using Dewey is that whereas Dewey stresses deliberation to solve social problems, for Dreyfus a lot is going on without deliberation. Moreover, Dreyfus seems to divorce mind and knowledge from the social. In his response to Collins (Dreyfus 1992, 724), Dreyfus argues that not all intelligence is social; this goes against the pragmatist view that intelligence is social and, again, is about solving social problems. (More below.) Finally, one could ask if Dreyfus’s account of skilled cop-ing is sufficiently appreciative of the social-linguistic and communicative dimension of coping. In my interpretation of Dewey, language must be seen as a social tool (Coeck - elbergh 2017a, 35). Perhaps language could be integrated in a Dreyfusian–Wittgensteinian view by saying that next to the handling of things, there is also skillful coping with words, and both kinds of skillful coping are always embed-ded in a social–practical context in which there is inexplicit knowledge but also language and language games, consti-tuting a form of life which is given and shapes our concrete coping-performances. And here, too, one could add that in the use of words, in coping using words, that language with-draws, is not always visible. Indeed, it is usually so invisible that Dreyfus managed to leave it out of his account of skill-ful coping. But this “default” invisibility does not justify excluding it from a theory about the kind of knowledge and experience involved in skilled coping. But there are also possibilities next to using Dewey, that are certainly not far away at all from the thinking of Hei - degger and Merleau-Ponty, but that are, nevertheless, more appreciative of the social aspect of skill than Dreyfus was. For example, Borgmann, a philosopher of technology who in his praise of skilled activity is very close to Dreyfus, manages to connect skilled activity to the social in a very straightforward, less Heideggerian or mysterious way. He writes: ‘Physical engagement is not simply physical contact, but the experience of the world through the manifold sensibility of the body. Skill is intensive and refined world engagement. Skill, in turn, is bound up with social engagement. It molds the person and gives the person character.’ (Borgmann 1984, p. 42). Borgmann ( 1984 ) stresses that when we are engaged in skilled activity, we do not only engage with things but also with others, for example, when keeping a stove going cent-ers the family. A similar view can be found in Crawford’s analysis of craftsmanship, which is about working together and sharing a concept of good (Crawford 2009, 181). One could also argue that skilled activity helps us to shape our character. This takes us to the questions regarding virtue, and more generally the ethical and political implications of Dreyfus’s position. 5 Problems with the ethical and political implications and the question regarding virtue What are the ethical and political implications of Dreyfus’s view of skilled coping? While his account is mainly descrip-tive and aimed at understanding the kind of knowledge involved in skilled coping, it has normative implications. The problem is again that it is not entirely clear what these implications are based on Dreyfus’s own writings; but these implications need and deserve to be further articulated and developed, also with a view to arrive at a better thinking about technology. Like Reynolds (2006) I believe that if we look at his account of skill acquisition, Dreyfus’s view is one in which a kind of ethical comportment is more important than sophisti-cated reasoning: moral maturity ‘is primarily about an ethi-cal comportment to situations in the world rather than about coming to have more sophisticated cognitions and judgments about principles and rule-following’ (Reynolds 2006, 545). Ethics seems to require the development of a practical wis-dom which can respond intuitively and appropriately to spe-cific situations. This sounds like virtue ethics. Dreyfus might" 693 W2522002087.pdf 0 "Correction: Hot o ffthe press Robert A. Hill and Andrew Sutherland Correction for ‘Hot o ffthe press ’by Robert A. Hill et al. ,Nat. Prod. Rep. , 2016, DOI: 10.1039/c6np90039a. There was an error in the structure of compound 18on page 2. The correct structure is as follows: The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers. School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK. E-mail: Bob.Hill@glasgow.ac.ukCite this: Nat. Prod. Rep. ,2 0 1 6 , 33, 1239 DOI: 10.1039/c6np90040b www.rsc.org/npr This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Nat. Prod. Rep. ,2 0 1 6 , 33, 1239 | 1239Natural Product Reports CORRECTION Open Access Article. Published on 21 September 2016. Downloaded on 5/18/2024 5:52:01 AM. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. View Article Online View Journal | View Issue" 694 W3080358204.pdf 3 "T T rr,1 2,2 iii ijji i jj ,22∑∑ ∑[̂·∇] = − [∇ ]·∇ = − ∇ = ̂ (17) where [ ∇j2,ri] means that the Laplacian is applied to each coordinate component operator separately which then makesup a new vector. Note that all terms are treated as operators, so∇f(r)=(∇f(r)) + f(r)∇by the chain rule. W Wrr r r rr r r r r rrr rrrrr rr rr,1 2, 1 2(( ) ( ) ) 1 2 1 21iii ij kij k i jkj i jk k k jk jkjjk jkkjk jk jk jk,1 11 33∑∑ ∑ ∑ ∑[̂·∇] = ·[| − | ∇] =· − ∇ | − | + · − ∇ | − | =·− |−|−·− |−| =|−|=̂≠− ≠−− ≠ ≠i kjjjjjjy {zzzzzz (18) Vv vrr r r r,( ) , ( ( ) ) iii ijij i iiii ,∑∑ ∑[̂·∇] = ·[ ∇] = − · ∇ (19) Hp pHrr r r,( ) , ()iii ijij i jjc ,, ,c∑∑ ∑λ λω ω[̂·∇] = − ·[ · ∇] ̂ =· ̂=− ̂ααα α ααα α (20) HH rr r r,1 2() () , 2 iii ijkij k i d ,, ,d ∑∑ λλ [̂·∇] = ·[ · · ∇] = − ̂ ααα (21) Taking all these results together the new electronic virial theorem with mode-coupling is found TWH H Nv rr 2 2( ( ) )cd ⟨̂⟩+⟨ ̂⟩−⟨ ̂⟩− ⟨ ̂⟩= ⟨·∇ ⟩ (22) We see that all terms from the original Hamiltonian are involved, except the field-energy of the cavity modes Ĥband the energy from the external force on the modes Ĥext. Thus, this virial relation connects all the constituents of the systemwhich could be expressed of purely electronic degrees offreedom with the dipole-coupling energy which is the onlyterm of the mixed electron-boson nature. Some comments are in order here. First, by setting the fundamental light-matter coupling to λ α= 0, we recover the virial for electronic structure ( 16) as requested. An alternative route to derive the basic virial theorem is from the force-balance equation for stationary states.14If the force totals to f(r) = 0 at every point r, as will be the case for eigenstates, then taking the space integral ∫f(r)·rdrresults in ( 22). Let us also point out that the implications of the force balance equationfor functional construction in the context of time-dependentQEDFT 14,16,19has been discussed in Tokatly.65 5. FIELD-MODE VIRIAL THEOREM Next, we derive an analogous equation of motion on the side of the modes, which means that we combine the modeoperators into an mode virial operator ∑ αq̂αp̂α. In the equation of motion ∑α⟨[Ĥ,q̂αp̂α]⟩, only three terms contribute and we use the commutators ( 1), (8), (9), and ( 10) for evaluation.Hq p p q p q q p ip q,1 2(, , ) ()b ,22 2 22 2∑∑ ∑ω ω[̂̂̂]= [ ̂̂]̂+̂[̂̂] =− ̂+̂ααα αβα β αα αβ α ααα α(23) Hq p pqp i H r ,( ) , ii c ,,c ∑∑ λω [̂̂̂]=− · [ ̂̂]̂=− ̂ ααα αβββ β αα (24) Hq pf pq p i H ,,ext ,ext ∑∑ω[̂ ̂̂]= [ ̂̂]̂=− ̂ ααα αββ ββ αα (25) The relation ( 23) yields, as one would expect, just the virial theorem for the harmonic oscillator. Together, with the otherrelations, that just give back the coupling and external-forceenergies, we arrive at the field-mode virial theorem pq H H22 2 ce x t ∑ω⟨̂−̂⟩−⟨ ̂⟩=⟨ ̂⟩ αα α α(26) We see that the field-mode virial theorem has a similar structure than the electronic virial theorem from ( 22), with an external in fluence on the right and a connection between purely bosonic parts of the system with the dipole-couplingenergy on the left. The field-mode virial theorem ( 26) is also a consequence of the equation of motion that involves thesecond time-derivative of Ĥ b. Another useful relation arises if we choose the equation of motion for the much simpler operator p̂α. Here, only Ĥb contributes and, using ( 10), [Ĥ,p̂α]= iq̂α. Computing the second time derivative, we have to look at the doublecommutator [ Ĥ,[Ĥ,p̂ α]], so Hi q p q p,1 2,b22 2∑ωω [̂̂]= [ ̂̂]= ̂α βα β α αα (27) Hi q i pq rr ,( ) , ( ) ii jj c ,∑∑ λλωω [̂̂]=− · [ ̂̂]=− ·α βββ β α αα (28) Hi q if pqf ,,ext ∑ωω[̂ ̂]= [ ̂̂]=α ββ ββ αα α (29) Summing those terms and taking the expectation value that must be zero, we have pf r jj2∑ λ ωωω⟨̂⟩− ⟨ ⟩ · =−α α ααα α (30) This relation corresponds to the mode-resolved Maxwell equation for the displacement field, see for example Flick et al.17In contrast to the connection between the electronic force-balance equation and the electronic virial theorem in theprevious section, it does not give rise to a virial theorem byitself, but it will be employed in the derivation of the next virial relation. 6. MODE-COUPLED VIRIAL ESTIMATE AND CONNECTION TO MASS RENORMALIZATION In the search for another virial relation that will relate the electronic and field parts of the Hamiltonian, we consider the equation of motion of an operator that includes both electroncoordinates and mode coordinates. A promising candidate, aswe will see, is the mixed virial operator ∑ i(λα·ri)q̂α. We deriveJournal of Chemical Theory and Computation pubs.acs.org/JCTC Article https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00618 J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 6236 −62436239 " 695 W4241365136.pdf 2 "222 Irish Studies in International Affairs a special franchise will inevitably be compared to the conduct of the Scottish Independence referendum in 2014 (and any future Scottish Independence ref - erendum). It is also, however, a more complex proposition because such a referendum will need to be considered in terms of its direct comparability to a concurrent referendum on (re)unification held in Ireland. As McCrudden, Doyle and Kenny identify, these impetuses pull in different directions, and as a result, as they state, ‘the most sensible approach to take to the franchise issue is likely to be to adopt a Venice-informed presumption against departure from the existing franchise’. As constitutional lawyers, it is always reassuring to clothe arguments as to the appropriate franchise for a ref - erendum in the Venice Commission’s Code of Good Practice on Referendums, but its soft-law terms are unlikely to stand up against the expectations around special franchise arrangements in the likely context of a (re)unification ref - erendum. Just because discussion of a possible referendum is currently taking place without the involvement of Northern Ireland’s unionist parties does not mean that the franchise issue will not become increasingly contested. The conclusion of the Anglo-Irish Agreement and Brexit’s Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol illustrate that unionist parties can rapidly transition from refusing to engage with ideas that do not align with their account of Northern Ireland’s constitutional status where there is perceived to be no benefit in engagement, to hyper-engaged obstructionism. Political unionism’s current studied lack of engagement in a (re)unification referendum is not accidental. The main unionist parties want to do nothing to lend credibility to the possi - bility of such a vote. Disengagement should not be confused with disinterest. Successive Conservative secretaries of state for Northern Ireland have made it abundantly clear that they would require overwhelming evidence of majority support in Northern Ireland before they would regard the UK gov - ernment as being under a duty to conduct such a referendum. Even if opinion polls or election results suggested a shift in public opinion, the UK government has given no indication of what evidence it would regard as definitive. The Northern Ireland parties, however, also know that the secretary of state has the power to initiate the process separate from the legal duty to do so, and that the UK government’s calculus around a vote could shift (especially as influen - tial pro-Brexit commentators increasingly form conjecture about the benefits of Northern Ireland ceasing to be part of the UK for the purity of Brexit). In such an eventuality, a protracted contest is likely to emerge over the legitimacy of the arrangements for the referendum. The franchise for a (re) unification referendum is going to be the subject of intense horse trading" 696 W4291017823.pdf 28 "P . R. Duffy et al. Mesolithic chipped stone artefact types (Eichmann et al., 2010 ; Marton et al., 2021 ). Szekszárd-Palánk has been published for sixty years (Vértes, 1962 ), and has sev - eral sites within a ten-km radius—the area is potentially rich in further Mesolithic finds according to the predictive map. Further work in the Szekszárd area could be of value from the perspective of studying hunter-gatherer-first farmer interactions. They are areas of rapidly changing ecozones as one moves across the landscape, going from flat, swampy areas near to major rivers, to slightly higher areas prioritiz - ing access to medium sized rivers closer to raw material sources. In Online Resource 6, we highlight additional areas of potential interest, including the Jászság and Sered regions, known areas of Mesolithic activity, but also the Kaposhomok and Hajdu - kovo regions, which each have Mesolithic sites known from surface collection, but seem to be good regional candidates for systematic survey. Discussion The landscape associations of Mesolithic and Early Neolithic sites paint two differ - ent pictures of the kinds of lands sought by ancient people between 8 and 6 ka BC. These result from different routes of incursion and different uses of the landscape. Mesolithic sites are the harder of the two site types to find, so we plot locations of Mesolithic and Early Neolithic sites over the Mesolithic predictive map in Fig.  12 to illustrate these differences. Although there are broad similarities between the two—for example, in being close to marshland and settling in flat areas—it is clear that Early Neolithic farmers settled in areas least preferred by Mesolithic foragers, though dates obtained on human remains at the Early Neolithic site of Maroslele- Pana and others indicate occasional presence of Mesolithic-age material on Early Neolithic sites in the region (Borić, 2005 ;  Whittle et  al., 2002 , 2005 ; Živaljević et al., 2021 ). Searching for evidence of temporal overlap between the last foragers and first farmers, and identifying interactions between them, would nonetheless take us to parts of the Carpathian Basin where there is clearer spatial overlap in settlement patterns, even though so far it seems as though almost exclusively Early Meso - lithic dates have been obtained in the Carpathian Basin with little evidence of tem - poral overlap with the first Neolithic farmer occupations. At least at lower eleva - tions, this could result from more severe erosional events during the later part of the Mesolithic. Such a scenario has been suggested based on the results of a systematic archaeological survey combined with geomorphological observations and radiocar - bon dating of soil organic matter samples on exposed riverbank sections in the area downstream from the Danube Gorges along the Danube River between Radujevac and Prahovo. The results of these investigations suggested that while lower parts of the soil deposits dating to the period between 12,710 ± 70 cal BC and 9670 ± 70 cal BC at 68 percent confidence, i.e., covering the duration of the Early Mesolithic, were preserved, the bulk of the deposits dated to the Late Mesolithic/Early Neolithic periods was lacking from these riverbank sections (Radovanovi ć et al., 2014 ). There has been some discussion suggesting that Mesolithic populations were so rare in certain areas of the Balkans in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, 1 3664" 697 W2063675844.pdf 7 "MiR-200c Regulation of Noxa and Apoptosis PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 8 May 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 5 | e36490" 698 W4282937833.pdf 7 "Fig. 2. a. Which areas of radiography (diagnostic) do you think there is the greatest scope for the development of AI systems in the future (mean score)? b. Which areas of radiography (therapeutic) do you think there is the greatest scope for the development of AI systems in the future (mean score)? AI has scope for development in all modalities ( n = 1). There were no free text answers to this question in the TR responses. Expectations of the impact of AI on the future of radiography Likert scale questions were used to gain insight into the re- spondents’ perceptions on how AI might impact radiography and professional practice in the future. The majority in both professions indicated they agreed that AI would change daily clinical practice, with an aggregate agreement (strongly agree, agree, somewhat agree) of 79.6% and 88.9% for DR and TR respectively ( Fig. 3 ). A less definitive perception was noted in re- sponse to the question of AI reducing radiographers’ workload with an aggregate agreement of 43.5% and 54.0% and an ag- gregate disagreement of 27.3% and 27.0% DR and TR respec- tively ( Fig. 4 ). An even smaller degree of difference in agreement and disagreement aggregates was noted in response to the state- ment ‘AI will make my practice more patient centered’, with agreement aggregates of 36.6% and 45.9% and disagreement aggregates of 22.4% and 27.0% for DR and TR respectively ( Fig. 5 ). The greatest proportion of responses to this statement were recorded in the ‘neither agree nor disagree’ choice. Most respondents agreed that AI would provide more con- sistent patient safety standards in radiography (aggregate agree- ment 68.3%, 73.0%, aggregate disagreement 7.1% and 9.6% DR and TR respectively) ( Fig. 6 ). Similar results were also noted in response to the statement ‘AI will allow for more con- sistent patient care pathways’, with an aggregate agreement of 62.5% and 58.6% and an aggregate disagreement of 6.0% and 9.6% DR and TR respectively ( Fig. 7 ). Specific statements were presented to each individual pro- fession (DR and TR) regarding the impact of AI on profession- specific areas of practice ( Figs. 8 and 9 ). The DR respondents were asked to what extent they agreed that ‘AI will improve and C. Rainey, T. O’Regan, J. Matthew et al. / Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences 53 (2022) 347–361 353" 699 W2285505626.pdf 2 "Ocimum gratissimum essential oil for matrinxa anesthesia 3 Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences Maringá, v. 38, n. 1, p. 1-7, Jan.-Mar., 2016 in Manaus. Fish were fed once a day for one month, with commercial pellet ration containing 28% crude protein. Feeding was stopped one day before the experiment. The cages were randomly arranged for the 4 treatments with 3 repetitions each. In the control treatment (C), the sampled fish were not anesthetized or handled in any way. Fish from the handling group (H) were transferred from the cage to a 20-L bucket for 10 min., to simulate handling and crowding, and then returned to the cage. The groups subjected to both handling and anesthesia (HA) and handling and deep anesthesia (HDA) were subjected to similar experimental procedures, except for the the addition of 20 and 60 mg L -1 EO to the buckets, respectively. Tissues and blood samples were taken from 3 fish in each cage after they were moved from the buckets to the cages (T0). Three other fish from each cage were sampled 24h later (T24). The remaining fish were fed and observed for another month. Then they were counted and discarded. Fish sampled from each treatment were killed by a sharp blow to the head and their blood harvested from the caudal vein using 3 mL syringes (rinsed with 10 % EDTA). Fragments of liver and white muscle were collected for glycogen determination (Bidinotto, Moraes, & Souza, 1997). Blood samples were used for hematocrit (Goldenfarb, Bowyer, Hall & Brosious, 1971) and total hemoglobin determination (Drabkin, 1948) and red cell count (Lima, Soares, Greco, Galizzi, & Cançado, 1969). In addition, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were calculated (Lima et al., 1969). After centrifugation of blood aliquots (14400 G x 3 min.), plasma was used to determine glucose (Trinder, 1969), total ammonia (Gentzkow & Masen, 1942), lactate (Harrower & Brown, 1972), chloride American Public Health Association (APHA, 1980), total protein (Lowry, Rosebrought, & Farr, 1951) Na and K levels by flame photometry (Digimed, DM-61 model). Data analyses Data on anesthetic induction were evaluated b y p o l y n o m i a l r e g r e s s i o n ( p < 0 . 0 5 ) . D a t a o n both anesthetic induction and physiological parameters were submitted to one-way ANOVA followed by tukey’s test for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). Results and discussion The major components were eugenol, 1.8 cineole and beta-selinene (Table 1). Eugenol content was lower than observed by Silva et al. (2012). This may change according to plant specific genetic characteristics and local conditions. Usually when the major component decrease minors increase. In general, there is no uniform essential oil composition. This may change when oil is extract from different parts of the same plant, farming practices, and extraction method. Difference in the compositon is known as the oil components are plant metabolism products so variable according plants life cicle. Some components transformations to anothers may take place, and even after oil extraction. Reactions among the different oil components may occur as interactions among oil and environmental factors (light, enzymes and the container) are dynamics (Luz, Ehlert, & Innecco, 2009). Table 1. Main components of O. gratissimum essential oil. Retention Index1. RI1 Component % 938 alpha-pinene 1.0 975 sabinene 0.7 979 beta-pinene 2.8 991 myrcene 0.7 1032 1,8-cineole 28.2 1038 cis-ocimene 3.7 1049 trans-ocimene 0.0 1097 linalol 1.3 1166 delta-terpineol 0.4 1176 4-terpineol 0.4 1188 alpha-terpineol 1.1 1357 eugenol 43.3 1381 beta-bourbonene 0.9 1389 beta-elemene 0.8 1415 beta-caryophyllene 3.7 1450 alpha-humulene 0.6 1477 gamma-muurolene 0.9 1482 beta-selinene 5.5 1490 alpha-selinene 1.7 1513 7- epi-alpha-selinene 0.4 Total 98.1 The movement of fish was always intense when they entered the anesthetic bath. After a few seconds, they were less agit ated and started losing equilibrium. Total loss of equilibrium and inability to regain the upright position was achieved in less than 10 min. Anesthetic induction time was longer in the treatment using the lowest EO concentration of 20 mg L-1 than in that using 30 mg L-1, and data from both exhibited higher standard deviations than the other treatments (from 40 to 80 mg L-1). Treatments testing EO concentrations from 40 to 80 mg L-1 showed similar induction time for anesthesia (Figure 1)." 700 W3120872941.pdf 5 "Page 6 of 7 Behera et al. BMC Surg (2021) 21:28 uncultured bacteria. This is a very challenging area of research that needs clear understanding of the metabolic pathway of these bacteria. Conclusions Despite development in surgical and sterilization tech - niques and use of prophylactic antimicrobials, SSIs con - tinue to pose clinical challenge. SSI samples of patients with no growth in culture after 48 h of incubation fur - ther complicates the situation. Certain experimental measures can be taken to improve the diagnosis of such culture negative samples. First culture plates should be allowed to incubate for an additional 3–4  days, which will allow the growth of fastidious bacteria if present. Second as anaerobic culture system is rarely available in the microbiology laboratory in Indian set up, it should be made available so that anaerobic bacteria can be identi - fied in culture. Third as several unculturable bacteria and VBNC bacteria are responsible of culture negative SSI, molecular diagnosis by 16Sbroad range PCR assay can be employed for identifying such organisms in sample to help the clinicians in prescribing appropriate antibiotic to the patient. The study can further be extended to detect the antibiotic sensitivity /resistance pattern and study epidemiology of VBNC, anaerobes and unculturable bac - teria using 16S broad range PCR assay. Abbreviations SSI: Surgical site Infections; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction. Acknowledgements Author thank Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB) of India for funding this study. Author also thanks all the clinical faculty members and resident doctors of SCB medical college for sending the clinical specimens for molecular investigations. Authors’ contributions All authors contributed significantly to this study. HB: participated substan- tially in conception, execution of the study and drafting the manuscript; NC: participated substantially in execution of the study, acquisition of data and collection of clinical samples; MSB: participated substantially in design of the study and interpretation of data, HKK: participated substantially in analysis and interpretation of data, SP: participated substantively in execution of the study and revising the manuscript SD: participated substantially in execution of the study and collection of clinical samples; MRR: participated substantially in execution of the study, interpretation of data and revising the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Funding There is no funding from the institute for publication. Availability of data and materials All the data related to the manuscript is available in NCBI. All the nucleotide sequences were submitted to the NCBI data bank and obtained the Accession numbers. So, these are available from NCBI and given in Table 1. Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Bhubaneswar, Odisha (Ref No. ECR/911/Inst/ OR/2017). Research methodology followed was adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All the participants had given their consent in written before sample collection in their vernacular language. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that, there are no conflicts of interest related to this work. Author details 1 ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India. 2 Department of Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India. 3 Department of Microbiology, SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack 753003, India. 4 Department of Parasite Immunology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, India. 5 Department of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India. Received: 8 June 2020 Accepted: 15 December 2020 References 1. Reichman DE, Greenberg JA. Reducing surgical site infections: a review. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2009;2:212–21. 2. Smyth ET, Emmerson AM. Surgical site infection surveillance. J Hosp Infect. 2000;45:173–84. 3. Mawalla B, Mshana SE, Chalya PL, Imirzalioglu C, Mahalu W. Predictors of surgical site infections among patients undergoing major surgery at Bugando Medical Centre in Northwestern Tanzania. BMC Surg. 2011;11(1):21. 4. 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Management of culture-negative surgical site infections. J Med Allied Sci. 2012;2:02–6. 10. Lee JC, Baek MJ, Choi SW, Kwon SH, Kim KH, Park SY, et al. Retrospective analysis of culture-negative versus culture-positive postoperative spinal infections. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(20):e10643. 11. Butler-Wu SM, Burns EM, Pottinger PS, Magaret AS, Rakeman JL, Matsen FA 3rd, Cookson BT. Optimization of periprosthetic culture for diagnosis of Propionibacterium acnes prosthetic joint infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(7):2490–5. 12. Barer M, Bogosian G, Steck T. The viable but nonculturable con- cept, bacteria in urine samples, and Occam’s razor. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:5434–5. 13. Mukamolova GV, Kaprelyants AS, Kell DB, Young M. Adoption of the tran- siently non-culturable state—a bacterial survival strategy? Adv Microb Physiol. 2003;47:65–129. 14. Zhao X, Zhong J, Wei C, Lin CW, Ding T. Current perspectives on viable but non-culturable state in foodborne pathogens. Front Microbiol. 2017;4(8):580. 15. Edmiston C Jr, Krepel C, Seabrook G, Jochimsen W. Anaerobic infections in the surgical patient: microbial etiology and therapy clinical infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2002a;35:S112–8. 16. Rasnake M, Dooley D. Culture-negative surgical site infections. Surg Infect. 2007;7:555–65. 17. Stewart E. Growing unculturable bacteria. J Bacteriol. 2012;194:4151–60." 701 W2264287916.pdf 0 "January 19, 2016 2:58 ws-procs961x669 WSPC Proceedings - 9.61in x 6.69in ws-procs961x669 page 1 1 Modi ed gravity and binary pulsars: the Lorentz violating case D. Blas Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. E-mail: diego.blas@cern.chCERN-TH-2016-014 The dynamics of binary pulsars can be used to test di erent aspects of gravitation. This is particularly important to constrain alternatives to general relativity in regimes which are not probed by other methods. In this short contribution, I will describe the case of theories of gravity without Lorentz invariance. The latter are important in the context of quantum gravity and modify the laws of gravity at basically all scales. Keywords : Binary pulsars; tests of gravity; Lorentz breaking; quantum gravity. 1. Introduction General Relativity (GR) is living a golden era of continuous veri cations of its predictions, at many scales and in very di erent processes1{3. The agreement of data with GR predictions is both astonishing (given the range of scales probed) and disappointing (GR is not a complete quantum theory, but the experimental guidance towards its completion is scarce). One hopes that the synergy between the experimental and theoretical e orts will unveil the remaining mysteries of gravitation. In this note I shall illustrate this by working with a concrete model motivated by quantum gravity, Lorentz violating (LV) gravity, and that modi es the predictions of GR at basically all scales. I will describe the model and focus on the predictions for binary pulsars. For more information, the reader is invited to consult the recent review article4. 2. Lorentz violating gravity as a theory of modi ed gravity The number of theories of gravity beyond GR has experienced a remarkable recent expansion. This was driven by the new data, the continuous search for theories that may solve the shortcomings of GR and the advances in the methods to work in problems related to gravitation. The attempt to classify the di erent approaches has produced a relatively complex map of possibilities1{3. Instead of classifying them, one can simply confront them with the following list of desirable properties for a theory modifying GR: (i) Represent/break a fundamental principle of gravity/Nature. (ii) Improve the short distance properties of GR (ideally addressing the problems of quantum gravity and/or singularities). (iii) Provide new ideas for cosmic acceleration or dark matter. (iv) Produce a (testable) interesting phenomenology.arXiv:1601.04653v1 [gr-qc] 18 Jan 2016" 702 W3123789140.pdf 5 "there is still a long way to go before we can translate them into new strategies to characterize, treat and monitor blood cancer.To achieve this translational challenge, many considerationsshould be taken into account. First, reliably identifying noncoding driver mutations from passenger ones remains a great endeavor due to sequencing and mapping artifacts, poorly understood mutational processes, and inaccurate estimation of the mutational background. To facethese impediments, adequate statistical methods, larger datasets,higher sequence coverage, and longer and more accuratesequencing reads will be fundamental. In addition, thesequencing of normal tissues alongside malignant ones can help separate acquired from germline mutations and shed light on differentiating driver from passenger mutations. Second, given the vastness of the noncoding genome, we need to restrict the search to relevant noncoding driver mutations. Tothis end, comparative genomic analysis, high-throughput in vitro reporter assays, and genome-wide histone modi fication pro filing, coupled with chromatin accessibility and expression analysis, are indispensable. However, due to the highly dynamic, cell- andstimulus-speci fic nature of regulatory regions, it is critical to identify the right cell-type and to extend this descriptiveinterrogation not only to the cells of origin but also to thetransformed cells. Third, the unknown functional role of noncoding mutations imposes important limitations. To ascertain biological and mechanistic relevance, it is essential to integrate genetic andepigenetic pro filing with genome conformation data and CRISPR-based functional validation. As previouslydescribed, many noncoding mutations map to enhancers, andthese can exert their pathological function by altering the expression level of their target genes. However, connecting enhancers and target genes is not trivial, and due to cell-speci ficity and complexity, most of the associations remain unknown. Quantitative associations between noncoding variantsand gene expression, and regulatory biochemical propertiescombined with sequencing-based chromatin conformationcapture methods, such as Hi-C ( 24), have started providing some insights. However, reliable and reproducible identi fication of signi ficant interactions between individual restriction fragments is not feasible unless Hi-C libraries are subjected to ultra-deepsequencing, which is not an economically viable solution foranalyzing a comprehensive collection of cell-types or tumoralsamples. To overcome it, the development of sequence-speci fic capturing approaches to enrich for promoter interactions and mutations in Hi-C libraries ( 6,11,69,85), or other methods suchas ChIA-PET ( 92)o rH i C h I P( 93), is crucial. Nonetheless, all these methods need millions of cells, which hinders the analysis of rarecell populations such as hematopoietic stem cells or hematopoieticprecursors, which are the origin cells of the majority of leukemias.Methodological breakthroughs allowing lower inputs will befundamental in the incipient era of noncoding driver mutations. In conclusion, the current methodological breakthroughs have positioned the scienti fic community in a perfect situation to explore the noncoding genome in the context of cancer. Cancergenomics is rapidly moving from a static, one-dimensionalpicture, to a time-dependent three-dimensional scenario toprovide biological relevance of noncoding mutations at regulatory elements. We anticipate a very exciting time ahead, in which we will be fascinated by the power of noncoding mutationsand epimutations in malignant transformation and the newclinical opportunities these genetic alterations will involve. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectualcontribution to the work and approved it for publication. FUNDING LR is funded by AGAUR project number 2019FI-B00017 of theCatalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya). AR-M isfunded by the Jose ́Carreras Leukämie-Stiftung (08R/2019). BJ is funded by FEDER/Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(project number RTI2018-094788-A-I00), by La Caixa BankingFoundation Junior Leader project (LCF/BQ/PI19/11690001), by the Jose ́Carreras Leukämie-Stiftung (08R/2019), and by the European Hematology Association Advance Research Grant.The funder bodies were not involved in the study design,collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of thisarticle or the decision to submit it for publication. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We apologize to the authors of many relevant studies for notciting their work due to space limitations. We thank themembers of the Javierre laboratory for helpful discussion andChristina Usher for her editing suggestions. REFERENCES 1. Maurano MT, Humbert R, Rynes E, Thurman RE, Haugen E, Wang H, et al. Systematic localization of common disease-associated variation in regulatory DNA. Sci (80- ) (2012) 337(6099):1190 –5. doi: 10.1126/science. 1222794 2. Khurana E, Fu Y, Chakravarty D, Demichelis F, Rubin MA, Gerstein M. Role of non-coding sequence variants in cancer. Nat Rev Genet (2016) 17:93 –108. doi: 10.1038/nrg.2015.173. Weinhold N, Jacobsen A, Schultz N, Sander C, Lee W. Genome-wide analysis of noncoding regulatory mutations in cancer. Nat Genet (2014) 46(11):1160 – 5. doi: 10.1038/ng.3101 4. Farh KKH, Marson A, Zhu J, Kleinewietfeld M, Housley WJ, Beik S, et al. Genetic and epigenetic fine mapping of causal autoimmune disease variants. Nature (2015) 518(7539):337 –43. doi: 10.1038/nature13835 5. Hnisz D, Abraham BJ, Lee TI, Lau A, Saint-Andre ́V, Sigova AA, et al. Super- enhancers in the control of cell identity and disease. Cell(2013) 155(4):934. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.053Rovirosa et al. Noncoding Mutations in Blood Cancer Frontiers in Immunology | www.frontiersin.org October 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 592087 6" 703 W4306990214.pdf 1 "Fuyu Hu et al. RESEARCH Relational Topology-based Heterogeneous Network Embedding for Predicting Drug-Target Interactions Fuyu Hu1, Chunping Ouyang1,2*, Yongbin Liu1,2, Zheng Gao3and Yaping Wan1,2 *Correspondence: ouyangcp@126.com 1School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang,Hunan, 421001, China 2Hunan provincial base for scientific and technological, Innovation Cooperation, Hengyang,Hunan, 421001, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleAbstract Background: Predicting interactions between drugs and target proteins is a k ey task in drug discovery. Although the method of validation via wet- lab experiments has become available, experimental methods for drug-target interactions (DTIs) identification remain either time consumi ng or heavily dependent on domain expertise. Therefore, various computationa l models have been proposed to predict possible interactions between drugs and target proteins. Usually, we construct a heterogeneous network with drugs and targe t proteins to calculate the relationship between them. However, most calcu lation methods do not consider the topological structure of the relationship between d rugs and target proteins. Fortunately, Network Embedding Learning pr ovides new and powerful graph analytical approaches for predicting drug-tar get interaction, which is considering both content and topology of network. Results: In this article, we propose a relational topology-based heterogeneous network embedding method to predict DITs, abbreviated as RT HNEDTI. We use the ideas of word embeddings to turn heterogeneous network wit h drugs and target proteins into dense, low-dimensional real-valued vect ors. Furthermore, according to two different topological structure of the relationsh ip between the nodes, we represent them separately by training two differen t models.Then the meaningful vectors represented for drugs and target proteins ca n be used to calculate the interaction of them easily. Results show that by considering topological structure and different relationship type of drugs and t arget proteins, RTHNEDTI outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on both labeled n etwork and unlabeled network. Conclusions: This work proposes heterogeneous network representation learning for DITs prediction. To the best of our knowledge, this s tudy first introduces relation classification to heterogeneous network emb edding to improve predicting DTIs efficiently. Keywords: Link prediction; Heterogeneous information network; Drug-target interaction Introduction The prediction of drug-target interactions (DTIs) is the key to the d evelopment of new drugs. It plays an important role in the study of drug toxicity and side effects and in the treatment of diseases. However, traditional methods based on large-scale biological experiments usually take several years and are often very exp ensive [1]. In recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology and the accu- mulation of large amounts of medical data, methods such as machine learning an d" 704 W4230531551.pdf 23 "23 The network lifetime is determined by the ratio of confirmed acknowledgment to the whole number of possible node transmissions on reaching the prescribed Trust Values (TV). In this research, the time is fixed on the first packet transmission. At the end of the session, the consolidated time interval is calculated. This time length is compared to the individual packet transmission and acknowledgment time interval. At each time, the interval time is noted and recorded to the past interaction history. In this instant, the time consumption for the current packet is calculated concerning the amount of energy spent on the REQ/REP process [8] [15] [41]. This process is expressed as the following process , The Network Lifetime (NLT) of Packet (Pkt) at nth node is carried out by following equation 8, NLT (S ↔ D )=Energy 1st pkt tran(t) − (Energy nth pkt tran(t) ) Energy total pkt tran(t) − (Energy nth pkt tran(t) ) (8) Meanwhile, the Bytes per Symbol information(BpS) is calculated based on the data transfer rates. The two parameters that access the BpS are connection strength and packet speeds. If the participating mobile node quantity is increased, the packet delivery speed also is dramatically increased. In the MANET transmission, the Bytes per Symbol information(BpS) calculation is in symbols per second (i.e., Data rate in BpS × 204) / (188 × BpS). To convince this byte per Symbol information(BpS), this research can be used in the Hybrid Random Late Detection (HRLD) routing protocol [59], which is constituted based on the past interaction history with route interaction from network id 0.0.0.1. to an end-user node [30] [32]. While a packets transmission between the origin of the Hybrid Random Late Detection (HRLD) routing protocol and end-user occurs, the proactive protocol gets activated for speeding up the packet delivery by using inspected nodes and its route at the same time. This proactive protocol manages the immediate packet delivery to nearby nodes without any rush and improves the end- to-end delay time called random late detection. To carry the packet without rush, broadcasting packets using random exact minimal path rectification proficiency is utilized. In MANET, the nearby nodes will change their location due to the node movements aspect. At that time, the routes availability and destination node are switched in the random detection zone. This same procedure is extended to another group to enhance routing protocol on each successive zone [42]. These techniques help to find transmission acceleration of the network irrespective of whether the node transmits the data or not. The transmission speed is found based on the following node transmission accelerate (shown in table.7). Node transmission range patterns are formed by increasing the packet delivery ratio of the individual node and reduce packet delay on selected routes from the past interaction history [55] [60]. Once a nodes route is established without any intrusion, the destination node path will be stored in the node transmission that accelerates the table using the proactive protocol. This sequential transmission acceleration and address are always used to deliver the packet for the next sequential node [43] . Table 7. Node transmission accelerate tab le Network Id Next Hop Current Node To Gateway Cost No of Nodes presented No.of. Route on The Gateway Network Destination Net Mask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.1 0.0.0.10 192.130.10.10 192.130.10.0 n 1 to N(n-1)*n R1 125.0.0.0 232.0.0.10 197.1.1.10 197.120.10.10 n 1 to N(n-1)*n R2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 198.162.0.1 255.255.255.255 198.162.0.100 198.162.0.142 n 1 to N(n-1)*n Rr The intrusion with respect to the packet transmission is observed using the node transmission acceleration table switching technique. Here, the packet sent over to the neighbor group or the nearby controller would be based on the key assignment, past interaction. [5] [39]. After forming the node transmission accelerate table, the MANET ratio range rate would be activated based on data transmission, networking, and protocols. The data transmission protocols are derived from the following algorithms and used to activate the MANET ratio range." 705 W3007927474.pdf 2 "Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020 ,17, 1352 3 of 11 The process of data collection and analysis was iterative. All interviews were transcribed, and the resulting transcripts were imported into NVivo 12 [ 19] and subjected to thematic analysis. The data analysis was mainly inductive and followed the four steps described by Green and colleagues: immersion in the data; coding; creating categories; and identifying themes [ 20]. Transcripts were read and coded separately by the research team, and a list of codes was developed and refined as coding progressed [ 21]. The conceptual framework by Pfarrwaller and colleagues—specifically the central part of the model [15]—was used to guide the interpretation of the data, the research team agreed on the main themes. Rigour was enhanced through investigator triangulation, through team member checking, coding validation, peer debriefing [22], and the use of NVivo [23]. 3. Results 3.1. Sample A total of 21 participants were interviewed; their characteristics are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Interview participant—main sample characteristics. Characteristic Sub-Group Total Total Sex Female 11 Male 10 Total 21 PG Year (at interview)PGY1 PGY24 4 PGY3 8 PGY4 3 PGY5 2 Total 21 Rural Background Yes 11 No 10 Total 21 RCS Participation Yes 14 No 7 Total 21 Specialist Intention GP 7 Non-GP 8 Unsure 6 Total 21 Age Group 25-30 17 31-40 4 Total 21 PGY: Postgraduate Year. RCS: Rural Clinical School. GP: General Practitioner. 3.2. Themes Two main themes were identified: (1) career decision making as an on-going process and (2) exploration versus planning in career-decision making. These themes are discussed below and are illustrated with contextualised quotes. Sites have been omitted to maintain confidentiality. Career Decision Making as an On-Going Process Overall, career decision making emerged as a dynamic and continuous process. Most doctors in our study were still making career decisions regarding speciality or future practice location at the time of the interview, and change featured strongly in their descriptions of their careers. There was evidence of change of career intention from medical school among the majority of our junior doctors, and this was strongly influenced by exposure to di erent specialties and to rural practice." 706 W4385810950.pdf 20 "Page 21/23 Figure 8 Comprehensive analysis of SLC25A3, LOXL2 expression and immune checkpoints. Box plot comparing immune checkpoints expression between SLC25A3high and SLC25A3low groups (A), and LOXL2high and LOXL2low groups (B) in LUAD patients." 707 W4395662508.pdf 31 Page 32/32This is a list of supplementary 708 W4226229063.pdf 4 " Revista MultiAtual - v.3, n.4 (2022) - Abril (2022) 102 Revista MultiAtual - ISSN 2675 -4592 Periódico Científic o Indexado Internacionalmente www.multiatual.com.br O comprimento de onda na faixa da luz visível vermelha (625nm a 700nm) apresenta como efeitos a proliferação celular, atividade antiflamatória, analgesia, angiogênese e redução de edema, melhorando o aspecto físico devido a uma melhora da nutrição tecidual (VIEIRA, 2020). A absorção da luz vermelha ocorre pelo citocromo c oxidase, desencadeando como efeitos o favoreciment o da mobilidade iônica, levando ao aumento do potencial de membrana mitocondrial, consumo de oxigênio, síntese de ATP (trifosfato de adenosina), espécies reativas de oxigênio e liberação de óxido nítrico (NO) (AVCI, 2013). A associação das técnicas de ele trolipólise e fototerapia na redução da lipodistrofia localizada, denominou -se de eletrofotolipólise. Diante disto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a eficácia na redução da lipodistrofia localizada abdominal utilizando a técnica de eletrofotolipólise. METODOLOGIA Trata -se de um estudo clínico e qualitativo para investigação da eficácia da redução da lipodistrofia localizada pela técnica de eletro fotolipólise, realizado na Clínica de Estética, FCS, da Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob o parecer consubstanciado nº 4.572.373. Na técnica de eletrolipólise utilizou -se o equipamento Cel Lyse da DGM Eletrônica, o qual possui uma corrente polarizada e frequência de 15Hz. A intensidade aplicada da corrente foi variável entre 1,0 e 3,0 mA (miliampère), de acordo com o limite suportado por cada participante. Para aplicação da fototerapia utilizou -se o equipamento Elite -Olympus da DMC Equipamentos, com os seguintes parâmetros: para fototipos I e II utilizou -se 3J (Joule) de energia; para fototipos III e IV utilizou -se 2J de energia; com densidade de 100J/cm² de energia no comprimento de onda de 660 nm. Para seleção das participantes foi feito convite no hall de entrada das clínicas da área da saúde. Após o acei te inicial, a participante foi conduzida para uma área reservada para maiores explicações, apresentação do TCLE e ficha de anamnese. Em seguida, as participantes foram agendadas para avaliação e início do procedimento." 709 W3208003408.pdf 0 " Jurnal Buana Farma Vol . 1 No . 3 (2021 ) 31 EVALUASI PENGOBATAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN AKUT PADA BALITA DI KLINIK X CIKARANG UTARA 1 Hairul Iksan,2 Dedy Frianto,3Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri 1,2,3Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Buana Perjuangan, Karawang , Indonesia Corresponding author: fm17.hairuliksan @mhs.ubpkarawang.ac.id Abstrak Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh berbagai macam mikrorganisme dan dapat menyebabkan Infeksi. Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) adalah infeksi yang paling banyak terjad i pada manusia di segala umur. Anak -anak dan balita merupakan yang paling rentan dan banyak terkena ISPA .Penelitian ini dilakukan secara analitik observasional dengan jenis dekskriptif, dengan pendekataan secara cross sectional d an metode pengambilan data secara prospektif . Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan di Klinik X Cikarang Utara dengan judul ”Evaluasi pengobatan infeksi saluran pernapasan akut pada balita di klinik X Cikarang Utara” pasien balita dengan jenis kelamin laki -laki lebih banyak ji ka dibandingkan pasien perempuan. pengobatan Antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah cefadroxil (57 %) dan untuk pengobatan suportif yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Ambroxol (21,7%) , dari hasil evaluasi tedapat 3 pengobatan dengan dosis yang bel um sesuai dengan pedoman yaitu Dexa- methasone,Methylprednisolo ne, dan Cefixime sedangkan pengobatan lainnya sudah sesuai dengan pedoman berdasarkan standar Pharmaceutical care untuk Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan dan Formularium spesialistik Ilmu Kesehatan Anak (DEPKES RI), Model formulary for children (WHO) dan pharmacotherapy handbook 9th dan d ari hasil evaluasi tidak ditemukan korelasi antara angka kunjungan pasien dengan kesesuaian dosis pengobatan . Kata kunci :Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut, Pharmaceutical care untuk Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan , formulary for chil- dren, dan pharmacotherapy handbook 9th Abstract Acute respiratory infection is a disease caused by various kinds of microorganisms and can cause infection. A cute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common infections in humans at all ages. Children and toddlers are the most vulnerable and most affected by ARI. . This research was conducted analytically with observational descriptive type, with a cross sec tional approach and prospective data collection methods. Based on research that has been conducted at the X Clinic in North Cikarang with the title ""Evaluation of treatment for acute respiratory infections in children under five at the X Clinic in North Ci karang,"" there are more male children under five than female patients. cefadroxil (57%) and for supportive treatment the most widely used was Am- broxol (21.7%), from the evaluation results there were 3 treatments with doses that were not in accordance with the guidelines, namely Dexamethasone, Methylprednisoloe, and Cefixime, while other treatments were in accordance with the guidelines. Based on Pharmaceutical care standards for Respiratory Tract Infections and Specialist Formulary for Children's Health Sci ences (DEP- KES RI), Formulary Model for Children (WHO) and Pharmacotherapy Handbook 9th and from the evaluation results, no correla- tion was found between the number of patient visits and the suitability of the treatment dose. Keywords : Acute respiratory in fection, ARI, Pharmaceutical care for Respiratory Tract Infection formulary for children, and 9th handbook pharmacotherapy PENDAHULUAN Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) ialah pen- yakit yang terjadi pada saluran pernapasan yang bersifat intens dan menimbulkan beberapa efek samping (kon- disi), Penyakit Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) bisa disebabkan oleh infeksi atau mikroba (Widoyono, 2011). ISPA yang tidak ditangani dengan baik akan masuk ke jaringan paru -paru dan menjadi penyebab utama ke- matian pada bayi dan anak kecil (Widoyono, 2011). ISPA merupakan masalah medis penting yang biasa ditemukan di Indonesia dan merupakan pen yebab kematian tertinggi pada balita (Rustandi, 2011) . pada tahun 2018 di Indone- sia kasus ISPA terbesar terdapat di provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) sebesar 15 %, dan prevalensi ISPA pada provinsi Jawa Barat sebesar 12 % (Riskesdas, 2018). Berdasarkan pe nelitian dimana dikerjakan oleh Antoro (2015) Antibiotik dimana paling banyak diberi- kan untuk pasien Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Atas Akut (ISPaA) ialah antibiotik amoksisilin sebesar 83,63% dan kotrimoksazol 16,37%. Dari penelitian tersebut 46,37% pengobatan tidak tepat obat, pasien tidak tepat indikasi sebanyak 34,50% , dan 20,91% pasien tidak tepat dosis. Pada penelitian tersebut penggunaan antibiotik yang ra- sional mencapai 42,72% . %. Dalam penelitian lain yang dilakukan Annisa (2017) . dari penelitian ini mendapat konsekuensi penalaran sesuai batas ( Tepat indikasi , tepat obat, tepat pasien , tepat dosis ) sebanyak 15 kasus (31,9%) dan pengobatan yang tidak tepat sebanyak 32 kasus (68,1%) (Annisa, 2017). Satu lagi penelitian yang diarahkan oleh Ladipa pada tahun 2016 dari 115 kasus terlacak jika 16 kasus pengobatan sudah tepat (13,91%), sedangkan 99 kasus tidak tepat (86,09%) (Ladipa, 2018). Pengobatan yang efektif dan efisien merupakan hal dimana penting dalam mengontrol meningkatnya" 710 W4313455972.pdf 25 "26 Reference s 540  Brooks, S., Luke, W., Cohen, M., Kelly, P., Lefer, B., and Rappenglück, B. J. A. E.: Mercury species 541 measured atop the Moody Tower TRAMP site, Houston, Texas, 44, 4045 -4055, 2010. 542  Chai, T., Stein, A., Ngan, F., and Draxler, R.: Inverse modeling with HYSPLIT Lagrangian 543 Dispersion Model -Tests and Evaluation using the Cross Appalachian Tracer Experiment 544 (CAPTEX) data, AGU Fal l Meeting Abstracts, 2016. 545  Chai, T., Crawford, A., Stunder, B., Pavolonis, M. 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Discussion started: 7 December 2022 c Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4.0 License. " 711 W2341535066.pdf 5 "6 InternationalJournalofPhotoenergy 0 1 12 22 83 23 53 73 94 04 14 24 34 44 44 54 5 01230 20 39 59 7898 117 137 156 176 195 215 234 254 273 293Energy demand covered from PV (%) Installed capacity in PV (GWp) Energy surplus Variability indexRatio (max/mean)0102030405060708090100Energy surplus from PV and variability index (%) Ratio of maximal to mean energy demand Figure7:Photovoltaicsimpactonenergydemandvariability. 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90% 0 100 200 300 400 500 Energy surplus from PVEnergy demand covered from PV Installed capacity in PV (GWp) D_PV_1 D_PV_2D_PV_3 Energy surplusD_PV_3:y = 2.00 10−4x+0.4003 D_PV_2:y = 1.00 10−3x+0.249 0%10%20%30%40%50%60% D_PV_1:y = 53.00 10−4x+0.0065 Figure8:HowdoesenergydemandcoveredfromPVandresulting energy surpluses change for different values of installed capacity in PV. Key: D PV1 and so forth (denoted by square, triangle, and circle) represent current demand covered from PV; in respective rangestheywereapproximatedbylinearregressionequation. period 2010–2014), the largest increase in PV share incoveringcurrentenergydemandisobservedwheninstalled capacity of PV ranges from 0+ to 50GWp(seeFigure8). (iii) Further analysis of increasing installed capacity in PV systems has shown (according to the considereddata) that it is not physically possible to cover morethan53%ofcurrentenergydemandfromPV,without energystoragedevices.SeeonFigure8howslowlythe energy demand is covered from PV increasing wheninstalledcapacityinPVexceeds50GWp. (iv) When the share of PV covering the current energy demand exceeds 11-12% (55–60GWp of installedcapacity), greater and greater energy surpluses starttooccur.Forexample,wheninstalledcapacityreaches97.5GWp then 39% of generated energy is perceivedas a surplus and must be stored or exported, notmentioning the fact that in the same time otherenergysourcesarenotgeneratingenergyatall. (v) Energy generation from photovoltaic installations does not lead to a decrease in maximal energyd e m a n d .Th i si sd u et ot h ef a c tt h a tp e a ke n e r g y demand in Poland occurs after sunset. However,an increasing energy consumption resulting fromgreater demand for air-conditioning may be effec-tively covered from PV, especially BIPV (BuildingIntegratedPhotovoltaics)[23]. Overall, similarly as in the paper presented by De Jong et al. [9], a correlation between irradiation values andenergy demand curve has been found. Obtained results arec o h e r e n to nt h ef a c tt h a tP Vh a sp o t e n t i a lt oc o n t r i b u t et othe energy generation during morning and early afternoonhours. However, presented in Figures 5 and 6, irradiationprofiles are idealized, meaning they are based on averagedvalues of irradiation. Therefore, one should not expect suchsmooth curves of energy from photovoltaics on a day-to-day basis. According to Lorenz et al. [24], one solution isto employ regional PV energy generation forecasts to bettermanageenergyproductionfromconventionalpowerunits. 5. Conclusions This study concludes that photovoltaics have huge potentialto contribute to covering energy demand in Poland. Addi-tionally, conducted analysis has shown that there are some boundaries which should not be crossed when it comes to the maximal capacity installed in PV plants in Poland(however,currenttrendsshowthatexceedingeven1GWpintheimmediatefutureisratherunlikely).Thisstudyunveiledseveral interesting directions for future research. First ofall, there is a need to perform the thorough analysis of airconditionersimpactonpowerdemandandhowitcorrelateswithirradiationvalues.Secondly,amoredetailedanalysisofregionalenergydemandpatternsisessentialtocreateamodelwhich will aim at optimally distributing variable energysources whilst taking into the consideration limited capaci-ties of transmissions networks. Finally, a regional potentialfor energy storage in form of pumped-storage or run-of-river power plants with pondage coupled with photovoltaicsshouldbeinvestigatedandestimated. Competing Interests Theauthorsdeclarethattheyhavenocompetinginterests. References [1]Statistics on Electrical Power Engineering in Poland ,E n e r g y MarketAgency,Warszawa,Poland,2013. [2] M.A.EltawilandZ.Zhao,“Grid-connectedphotovoltaicpower systems:technicalandpotentialproblems—areview,” Renewable andSustainableEnergyReviews ,vol.14,no .1,pp .112–129 ,2010. [3] EnergyRegulatoryAuthority,http://www.ure.gov.pl/uremapoze/ mapa.html. [4] L.E.Jones, RenewableEnergyIntegration:PracticalManagement of Variability, Uncertainty, and Flexibility in Power Grids ,A c a - demicPress,2014. [5] B. Burger, Stromerzeugung aus Solar- und Windenergie im Jahr 2015,Fraunhofer-Institutf ¨ursolareEnergiesystemeISE,2016." 712 W2188137521.pdf 5 "200 Heng Xie Proof.We may use Wi(X,L)∗to simplify the notation Wi(X∗,L∗). We wish to prove the Witt theory case by induction on cells. Firstly, note tha t the pullback maps Wi(A)→Wi(An A) andWi(B)→Wi(An B) are isomorphisms by homotopy invariance, cf. Theorem 3.1 [4]. It follows that Wi(An A)∼=Wi(An B). LetX=Z0⊃Z1⊃ ··· ⊃ZN=∅be the filtration such that Zk−1−Zk∼=Ank=:Ck. In general, the closed subvarieties Zkmay not be smooth. However, let Uk be the open subvariety X−Zkfor each 0 ≤k≤N. EveryUkis smooth inX. There is another filtration X=UN⊃UN−1⊃ ··· ⊃U0=∅with Uk−Uk−1=Zk−1−Zk∼=Ckclosed inUkof codimension dk. Consider the following commutative diagram of localization sequences. Wi−1(Uk−1)A−→Wi Ck(Uk,L)A−→Wi(Uk,L)A−→Wi(Uk−1)A−→Wi+1 Ck(Uk,L)A /arrowbt/arrowbt/arrowbt/arrowbt/arrowbt Wi−1(Uk−1)B−→Wi Ck(Uk,L)B−→Wi(Uk,L)B−→Wi(Uk−1)B−→Wi+1 Ck(Uk,L)B Here,Wi Ck(Uk,L) means the L-twistedith-Witt group of Ukwith supports on Ck. Note that any line bundle over ( Ck)Ais trivial, since Pic(An A)∼=Pic(A) = 0 (Ais regular local and so it is a UFD). By the d´ evissage theorem (cf. [10]), we deduce that Wi Ck(Uk,L)A∼=Wi Ck(Uk,L)Bfor alli. Moreover, by induction hypothesis, Wi(Uk−1)A∼=Wi(Uk−1)Bfor alli. Applyingthe5-lemma,oneseesthatthemiddleverticalmapisanisomo rphism. Since theK-theory analog of this theorem is also true by induction on cells, theGW-theory cases follow by Karoubi induction, cf. Section 3 [6]. Corollary 4.1.The Witt group (resp. the Grothendieck-Witt group) Wi(X,L)K(resp.GWi(X,L)K) is isomorphic to Wi(X,L)C(resp.GWi(X,L)C) for eachiand any line bundle LoverX. Documenta Mathematica 19 (2014) 195–208" 713 W4295837928.pdf 4 "Rare snake eel from Saipan and Japan 217 Karrer, C. 1983. Anguilliformes du Canal de Mozambique (Pisces, Tele- ostei). Faune Tropicale 23: 1–116. McCosker, J. E. 1977. The osteology, classification, and relationships of the eel family Ophichthidae. Proceedings of the California Acad- emy of Sciences (Series 4) 41: 1–123. McCosker, J. E. 1999. Pisces Anguilliformes: deepwater snake eels (Ophichthidae) from the New Caledonia region, southwest Pacific Ocean. Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 180: 571–588. McCosker, J. E. 2005. A new species of deepwater snake eel, Ophichthus pullus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Angola and Guinea- Bissau. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) 56: 669–674. McCosker, J. E. 2010. Deepwater Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the de- scription of nine new species. Zootaxa 2505: 1–39. McCosker, J. E., Böhlke, E. B., and Böhlke, J. E. 1989. Family Ophich-thidae. Pp. 254–412. In : Böhlke, E. B. (Ed.) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic, Part 9, Vol. 1: Orders Anguilliformes and Sacco-pharyngiformes. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Y ale Uni- versity, New Haven. McCosker, J. E. and Ho, H.-C. 2015. New species of the snake eels Ech - elus and Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Taiwan. Zootaxa 4060: 71–85. McCosker, J. E., Ide, S., and Endo, H. 2012. Three new species of ophichthid eels (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Japan. Bul-letin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A, Supplement 6: 1–16. Sabaj, M. H. 2016. Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology: an Online Reference. Version 6.5 (16 August 2016). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Washington DC. Available at http://www.asih.org/ (16 February 2017)." 714 W3014075112.pdf 7 "Appl. Sci. 2020 ,10, 2155 8 of 8 4. Villa, F.A.; Markovic, B.; Bellisai, S.; Bronzi, D.; Tosi, A.; Zappa, F.; Tisa, S.; Durini, D.; Weyers, S.; Paschen, U.; et al. SPAD smart pixel for time-of-flight and time-correlated single-photon counting measurements. IEEE Photonics J. 2012 ,4, 795–804. [CrossRef] 5. Bruschini, C.; Homulle, H.; Antolovic, I.M.; Burri, S.; Charbon, E. Single-photon avalanche diode imagers in biophotonics: Review and outlook. Light. Sci. Appl. 2019 ,8, 87. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 6. Cova, S.; Ghioni, M.; Lacaita, A.L.; Samori, C.; Zappa, F. Avalanche photodiodes and quenching circuits for single-photon detection. Appl. Opt. 1996 ,35, 1956–1976. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 7. Niclass, C.; Gersbach, M.; Henderson, R.; Grant, L.; Charbon, E. A single photon avalanche diode implemented in 130-nm CMOS technology. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2007 ,13, 863–869. [CrossRef] 8. Takai, I.; Matsubara, H.; Soga, M.; Ohta, M.; Ogawa, M.; Yamashita, T. Single-Photon avalanche diode with enhanced NIR-sensitivity for automotive LIDAR systems. Sensors (Switzerland) 2016 ,16, 459. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 9. Murtaza, S.; Anselm, K.; Hu, C.; Nie, H.; Streetman, B.; Campbell, J. Resonant-cavity enhanced (RCE) separate absorption and multiplication (SAM) avalanche photodetector (APD). IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 1995 ,7, 1486–1488. [CrossRef] 10. Boulanger, S.; Ingelberts, H.; Dries, T.V .D.; Gasser, A.; Kuijk, M. A novel 350 nm CMOS optical receiver based on a current-assisted photodiode detector. In Proceedings of the Silicon Photonics XIV , San Francisco, CA, USA, 4–6 February 2019; p. 51. 11. van Nieuwenhove, D.; van der Tempel, W.; Kuijk, M. Novel standard CMOS detector using majority current for guiding photo-generated electrons towards detecting junctions. In Proceedings of the Symposium IEEE/LEOS Benelux, Mons, Belgium, 1–2 December 2005; pp. 229–232. 12. Kato, Y.; Sano, T.; Moriyama, Y.; Maede, S.; Yamazaki, T.; Nose, A.; Shina, K.; Yasu, Y.; van der Tempel, W.; Ercan, A.; et al. 320 240 Back-Illuminated 10- m CAPD Pixels for High-Speed Modulation Time-of-Flight {CMOS} Image Sensor. IEEE J. Solid State Circuits 2018 ,53, 1071–1078. [CrossRef] 13. Ingelberts, H.; Kuijk, M. High-speed gated CMOS detector for fluorescence lifetime microscopy extending to near-infrared wavelengths. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE SENSORS, Busan, Korea, 1–4 November 2015; pp. 1–4. 14. Jegannathan, G.; Ingelberts, H.; Boulanger, S.; Kuijk, M. Current assisted avalanche photo diodes (CAAPDs) with separate absorption and multiplication region in conventional CMOS. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2019 ,115, 132101. [CrossRef] 15. Fishburn, M. Fundamentals of CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes ; Technische Universiteit Delft: Delft, The Netherlands, 2012. 16. Giudice, A.; Ghioni, M.; Cova, S.; Zappa, F. A process and deep level evaluation tool: Afterpulsing in avalanche junctions. In Proceedings of the ESSDERC’03, 33rd Conference on European Solid-State Device Research, Estoril, Portugal, 16–18 September 2003; pp. 347–350. 17. Basavanagoud, C.; Bhat, K. E ect of Lateral Curvature on the Breakdown Voltage of Planar Diodes. IEEE Electron Device Lett. 1985 ,6, 276–278. [CrossRef] 18. Speeney, D.; Carey, G. Experimental study of the e ect of junction curvature on breakdown voltage in Si. Solid State Electron. 1967 ,10, 177–182. [CrossRef] 19. Bronzi, D.; Villa, F.A.; Tisa, S.; Tosi, A.; Zappa, F. SPAD Figures of Merit for Photon-Counting, Photon-Timing, and Imaging Applications: A Review. IEEE Sensors J. 2015 ,16, 3–12. [CrossRef] 20. Villa, F.A.; Bronzi, D.; Zou, Y.; Scarcella, C.; Boso, G.; Tisa, S.; Tosi, A.; Zappa, F.; Durini, D.; Weyers, S.; et al. CMOS SPADs with up to 500 m diameter and 55% detection e ciency at 420 nm. J. Mod. Opt. 2014 ,61, 102–115. [CrossRef] 21. Niclass, C.; Sergio, M.; Charbon, E. A single photon avalanche diode array fabricated in 0.35- m CMOS and based on an event-driven readout for TCSPC experiments. In Proceedings of the SPIE 6372, Advanced Photon Counting Techniques, Boston, MA, USA, 3 November 2006. 22. Tisa, S.; Guerrieri, F.; Zappa, F. Variable-load quenching circuit for single-photon avalanche diodes. Opt. Express 2008 ,16, 2232–2244. [CrossRef] [PubMed] ©2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http: //creativecommons.org /licenses /by/4.0/)." 715 W4220704281.pdf 2 "control also opens the way to integrating long-lived nuclear spins in hybrid quantum architectures in which mechanics isused as a quantum bus linking different types of qubits[16–18]. II. RESULTS In our experiments, the interaction between the nuclear spin and mechanical vibrations is mediated by a single,negatively charged, silicon-vacancy center (SiV). The mechanical vibrations are surface acoustic waves (SAWs), which have natural two-dimensional confinement, can beguided on chip and are easily generated by electricalexcitation of interdigital transducers (IDTs) [29]. We pattern aluminium IDTs on top of a layer of piezoelectric aluminium nitride deposited on the surface of a single-crystal diamond.The diamond sample is ultrapure (nitrogen concentration less than 5 ppb) and has a natural abundance of the 13Ci s o t o p e (1.1%). The diamond is implanted with28Siþions and annealed to form SiV centers, which can be opticallyaddressed individually. The SiVs are located within the strain field of the SAW, which extends about a wavelength (about 3μm) below the surface of the diamond [Fig. 1(a)]. The sample is cooled to below 200 mK in a dilution refrigerator to increase the lifetime of the SiVelectron spin ( S¼1=2)[30]. An external magnetic field of 0.13 T at an angle of 90° withrespect to the SiVaxis lifts the spin degeneracy and introducesa splitting of f ↓↑¼3.42GHz between the j↓iandj↑ispin states [Fig. 1(b)]. The field angle of 90° is chosen to maximize the strain susceptibility of the SiV spin [31].T h eo p t i c a l transition labeled ↓↓0can be excited resonantly by laser pulses to initialize the SiV in j↑ivia optical pumping, while the↓↑transition can be driven acoustically to coherently transfer population between j↓iandj↑i[29]. The mechanical coupling to the13C nuclear spin (S¼1=2) relies on the simultaneous coupling of a SiV electronic spin to acoustic waves and to the nuclear spin. An individual13C nuclear spin couples to a SiV spin via the hyperfine interaction Hamiltonian H¼2πℏSSiVzðAkSnuczþA⊥SnucxÞ; where Si¼σi=2are the spin operators, with σibeing the Pauli matrices for i∈fx; y; z g(“SiV”and “nuc”indicate SiV and nuclear spins, respectively), and AkandA⊥are the parallel and perpendicular components of the hyperfine coupling. This coupling causes the nuclear spin to precess about slightly different axes depending on the state of the SiV spin. This can be utilized to control the nuclear spin state[4,27,32] with the basic sequence depicted in Fig. 1(c). After the SiV spin is initialized in j↑i, a series of periodically timed acoustic pulses (with interpulse delay τ) flip its state repeatedly, causing the nuclear spin to alternate betweentwo different precession axes. If the acoustic pulses are synchronized with the precession of the nuclear spin, such that[4,12]τ≈ 2kþ1 4fL/C20 1−A2 ⊥ 8f2 L/C21 ; for integer values of k, where fLis the nuclear Larmor frequency, the nuclear spin rotates on the Bloch sphere by an angle ϕ, around an effective axis n. The angle ϕis determined (a) AlN Diamond13C SiVTraveling acoustic waveProbe laser Hyperfine interaction (b) Optical ( Acoustic ( ) Optical ( Acoustic ( )Init x8(c)) )(d) π FIG. 1. Principle behind mechanical coupling to nuclear spins. (a) Schematic of the system. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs)generated in the AlN layer, and extending into diamond, are usedto control the 13C nuclear spin via its hyperfine coupling to the silicon vacancy (SiV) electron spin, which can be initialized andread out optically. (b) Simplified electronic structure of the SiV inthe presence of an external magnetic field. The red arrows (bothdashed and solid) indicate optical transitions around 737 nm. Thesolid red arrow corresponds to the transition ð↓↓ 0Þused for optical pumping to initialize the SiV state in j↑i. The blue arrow corresponds to the 3.42-GHz spin-flipping transition ↓↑that can be driven acoustically. (c) Schematic of a sequence that inducesconditional precession of the nuclear spin. The optical partcorresponds to the optical initialization of the SiV spin intoj↑i. The SiV spin can be initialized in j↓iby exciting the ↑↑ 0 transition. The acoustic part corresponds to a series of eight, periodically timed, acoustic πpulses around the Xaxis of the Bloch sphere ( Rπx). (d) Simulation of the evolution of the nuclear spin on the Bloch sphere for the sequence described in diagram(c). The red (blue) arrow corresponds to the nuclear spinprecession axis when the SiV is in j↑i(j↓i). The nuclear spin starts in j↓i nucand follows the red (blue) trajectory when the SiV is initially in j↑i(j↓i). Spin flips of the SiV are indicated by transitions between solid and dashed trajectories. The red (blue)dot indicates the final state of the nuclear spin for the SiV initiallyin state j↑i(j↓i). The hyperfine coupling parameters used are fA k¼0.11MHz ;A⊥¼0.33MHz g, and the interpulse time is τ¼0.169μs.SMARAK MAITY et al. PHYS. REV . X 12,011056 (2022) 011056-2" 716 W2055273716.pdf 14 "Speed of sound in liquid difluoromethane 69 12. Grebenkov, A. J.; Zhelezny, V. P.; Klepatsky, P. M.; Beljaeva, O. V.; Chernjak, Yu.A.; Kotelevsky, Yu.G.; Timofeev, B. D. Int.J.Thermophysics 1996, 17, 535 ]549. 13. Beljaeva, O. V.; Grebenkov, A.J.; Zajatz, T. A.; Timofeev, B. D. Bull.of the Acad .of Sciences of Belarus ,Phys.-Tech .Science 1995, 39, 108 ]111. 14. Papadakis, E. P. The Journal of The Acoustical Society of America 1967, 42, 1045 ]1051. 15. Guedes, H. J. R.; Zollweg, J. A. Int.J.Refrig .1992, 15, 381 ]385. 16. Muringer, M. J. P.; Trappeniers, N. J.; Biswas, S. N. Phys. Chem .Liq.1985, 14, 273 ]296. 17. Nieto de Castro, C. A.; Santos, F. J. V.; Mardolcar, U. V. 19th International Congress of Refrigeration , . The Hague, The Netherlands, International Institute of Refrigeration IIRrIIF . 1995, IVa, pp. 436 ]441. 18. Magee, J. W. Int.J.Thermophys. 1996, 17, 803 ]822. 19. Sifner, O. Abstracts of the 13th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties , Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 1997, p. 332. 20. Craven, R. J. B.; Kilner, J.; Wakeham, W. A. Abstracts of the 13rd Symposium on Thermophysical Properties , Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 1997, p. 228. ()Recei ¨ed 2 February 1998; in final form 21 July 1998 WA98r006" 717 W4308246107.pdf 6 "7 Vol.:(0123456789) Scientific Reports | (2022) 12:18744 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21719-x www.nature.com/scientificreports/classifiers. If replicated, these results may benefit the development of novel practitioner-oriented training tools to detect ASD (vs. other conditions) more efficiently and/or optimize the screening, triaging and diagnosing of those individuals seen in specialized institutions by aiding clinical experts particularly in the challenging process of differential diagnosis. Notably, individuals who are referred to ASD outpatient clinics are usually not evaluated for ADHD as part of the assessment routine due to numerous pragmatic considerations (e.g., personnel and financial resources, or time constraints of patients and their families). Thus, one could contemplate the feasibility of developing some kind of ADHD screening score based the behavioral classifiers from ADOS/ADI-R that best separated ADHD from the other groups. This could guide the decision-making process of whether an additional evaluation for ADHD is clinically justified or not. Methods Sample. The sample was derived from Germany’s largest database of individuals referred to special- ized ASD outpatient clinics51. The whole database includes 2453 individuals (16.8% female; age: 1–72  years, M = 13.56 ± 10.61) of whom 1260 (51.4%) were diagnosed with ASD, others had another mental condition (n = 844; 34.4%; e.g., ADHD, mood or anxiety disorders), and 349 (14.2%) did not receive any psychiatric diag- nosis. All individuals were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases ICD-1052 using “gold standard” best estimate clinical (BEC) diagnoses53. Any BEC diagnosis was determined by at least two experienced clinicians from a multidisciplinary team (incl. psychologists and/or psychiatrists) after extensive examination and review of all available information from a patient’s medical record that included—amongst oth- ers—IQ test results, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS16, the Autism Diagnostic Interview- Revised (ADI-R17, and a differential/co-occurring diagnoses algorithm performed by an experienced psychia- trist. ADOS and ADI-R were conducted by clinically trained team members at each center who were all licensed to do so. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Philipps-University Marburg (Az. 92/20). Due to the retrospective nature of our data collection and analysis, the need for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. For the purpose of the present study, our sample was selected according to the following criteria: (i) referred for a clinical ASD diagnostic assessment, (ii) complete data of ADOS Module 3 or Module 4, and ADI-R, (iii) verbally fluent, (iv) BEC diagnosis of ASD (F84.0, F84.1, or F84.5) but no ADHD, (v) BEC diagnosis of ADHD (all subtypes F90.0 or F98.8) but no ASD, (vi) co-occurring ASD + ADHD, and (vii) no psychiatric diagnosis (ND). The patients with ASD, ADHD and ASD + ADHD had no other psychiatric diagnoses. With respect to the ADOS, we focused on modules M3 and M4 indicating verbal fluency, because differentiation between ASD and ADHD is especially challenging in verbally fluent patients with average intellectual functioning14,54,55. This resulted in a final sample of n = 1195 individuals (age in years: M = 14.8 ± 9.9, min = 5, max = 72; 14.5% female), including n = 574 individuals with ASD, n = 164 with ADHD, n = 113 with ASD + ADHD, and n = 344 with ND (Table  3). ADOS M3 and M4 data were available from 66.3 and 33.7% of the included participants, respectively. Here, we chose to analyze M3 and M4 data combined in order to be comparable to earlier relevant research14,55. Please note that the present data are based on the ADOS, but not the more recent ADOS-2 manual56. This is because retrospective data collection spanned across a relatively long time period, dating back to when the Ger - man version of the ADOS-2 was not yet available. Diagnostic measures and analytic strategy, including machine learning. The current analyses included the item scores of the so-called “gold standard” or best-estimate instruments in diagnosing ASD57: ADOS16,58 and ADI-R59,60. Both are based on ASD criteria of ICD-1052 and DSM-IV-TR61, and they can be used to obtain information about ASD symptoms across different behavioral domains. More details on these two well- established measures can be found in the Supplement. First, we calculated the proportion of individuals in each of the four groups who met diagnostic algorithm cut-offs in both ADOS and ADI-R, following the analytic procedure analogous to Ref.14. We applied the follow- ing cut-offs for the ADOS/2 (M3: total cut-off spectrum ≥ 8; M4: total cut-off spectrum ≥ 7). According to the ADI-R manual, no total cut-off is to be calculated. However, for the current analysis, we defined the criteria, like Grzadzinski et al.14, that patients who met ASD cut-offs on the three ADI-R domains (“communication” ≥ 10, “social interaction” ≥ 7, “RRB” ≥ 3) reached the ADI-R total cut-off. We then used support vector machine (SVM) analyses to evaluate which ADOS and ADI-R items are able to discriminate best between ASD (incl. ASD + ADHD) and ADHD, but also between ASD (incl. ASD + ADHD) and ND. SVM is a robust machine learning algorithm, which can be used to examine data for various purposes, such as classification or regression analyses, in order to solve big data classification problems41. SVM is used to find a hyperplane with the maximum margin (i.e., distance between data points from distinct classes) in an n-dimensional space (where n is the number of features) to differentiate between classes62. For instance, SVM has been shown to perform with high accuracy particularly in distinguishing between ASD and ADHD by utiliz- ing only 5 screening items from the SRS39. SVM is the one algorithm that is most frequently used in this line of research likely due to its high predictive power for ASD classification37. According to a recent meta-analysis42, SVM is the most accurate classifier in distinguishing individuals with ASD from those without ASD, ensuring the likelihood that results can be replicated (see43 for a discussion of this issue in the context of the use of ML for ASD diagnostics). SVMs retain several attractive properties: They can deal with noisy, highly correlated features and high-dimensional data sets, and they are resistant to overfitting and thus generalize well41. We adopted a binary classification approach, i.e., we examined pairs of diagnostic groups, resulting in six possible combinations (see Table  2). Our SVM approach for each combination consisted of two steps: First, we ran SVM without feature selection. Second, we applied feature selection to identify the five most relevant ADOS and/or ADI-R features that best discriminated between groups, consistent with recent findings29,31,39. We then" 718 W4224255816.pdf 7 "Nanomaterials 2022 ,12, 1278 8 of 12 Nanomaterials 2022, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of 12 with ethanol and methanol , presumably due to the formation of hydrogen bonds with the NH2 groups. The response to ammonia was likely due to the interaction between the an- alyte and the residual -COOH moieties present on the NH 2−C2−MWCNTs. A confirmation of this hypothes is came from a sensor realized with a batch of NH 2−C2−MWCNTs having a higher density of NH 2 groups on their surfaces. In this case, we observed an increased response to acetic acid a nd a lower response to ammonia ( Figure S5). All the curves showed similar rise and recovery times, defined as the time to reach 90% and 10% of the peak, respectively, of a few and tens of seconds, thus confirming the same sensing mech- anism for the tested s ubstances. Figure 8. Test of sensitivity of the network of NH 2−C2−MWCNT based sensor to different chemicals , obtained by exposing the sensor to a saturated cotton swab and showing similar rise and recovery times. The sensor base resistance was 820 Ohm. According to Zaporotskova et al. [29] , the gas molecule adsorption on a single-walled CNT surface result ed in a change in CNT conductivity. The amino group act ed as a charge transfer agent in CNTs , and the number of electrons transferred from the nanotubes to the NH2 molecule increase d [30], thus decreasing the conductivity if the CNTs were an n-type semiconductor , or increasing it in the case of the p-type. In our study, all measurements showed an increase in the resistivity of the MWCNT network when exposed to several volatile substances. Due to the MWCNT wall thickness (>20 nm) , we did not expect that such charge transfer in the proximity of the surface would substantially affect the MWCNTs ’ conductivity. Because the MWCNTs were 100–200 μm long and quite tangled , as shown in Figure 1, the current in the path between the electrodes passes through many carbon nanotubes, and the device resistance was mostly dominated by the contact resistance between adja- cent MWCNTs. Furthermore, due to the almost compl ete coverage of the MWCNT surface with functional groups (more than 3% atomic N), we expect that the capture of molecules at functionalized surfaces would increase the contact distance between adjacent MWCNTs , generating a resistance increase in the MWCNT network. A similar mechanism in MWCNTs was suggested by Zang et al. [31]. Another possible mechanism involves the formation of S chottky barriers at contacts between CNTs [2 9], assuming a metallic -type conductivity in part of the nanotubes. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2200.981.001.021.041.061.081.101.121.141.16 R/R seconds hexane ethyl ether toluol aceton water vapour methanol ethanol acetic acid ammonia Figure 8. Test of sensitivity of the network of NH 2" 719 W4288349301.pdf 0 "IAJPS 2019, 06 (05), 10299 -10304 Imran Khan et al ISSN 2349 -7750 w w w . i a j p s . c o m Page 10299 CODEN [USA]: IAJPBB ISSN: 2349 -7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEU TICAL SCIENCES Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Research Article FREQUENCY OF NASOPHARYNGEAL ANGIOFIBROMA IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH RECURRENT EPISTAXIS 1Dr Imran Khan , 2Dr Muhammad Ibrahim , 3Khalil Ahmad Orakzai , 4Syed Maisam Ali , 5Dr Israr ud Din , 6Dr Inayat Ullah Khan 1, 5Assistant Professor Ent Department Khyber Teaching Hospital and Medical College Peshawar , 2Assistant Professor Ent Department, Ayub Teaching Hospital and Medical College, Abbottabad , 3Senior Registrar Ent Department, Qazi Hussain Ahmed Teaching Hospital, Nowshehra Medical College Nowshehra , 4Ent Consultant Ent Department Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad , 6Associate Professor Ent Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar . Article Received: March 2019 Accepted: April 2019 Published: May 2019 Abstract : Objective : To determine the frequency of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in patients presenting with recurrent epistaxis . Study design : Cross sectional study . Duration and setting : This study was carried out from July 2017 to July 2018 at ENT, Head & Neck Surgery department, Khyber teaching hospital , Peshawar. Material and method : A total number of 93 patients were included in this study. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were collected from the outdoor patient department (OPD) of ENT, head and neck surgery, Khyber teaching hospital , Peshawar. Informed consent for participating in the study was taken from all patients. The patients’ biodata along with hospital registration number were entered on proforma. The patients were assessed initially by history and nasal endoscopic. CT sca n nose and PNS with contrast was done and patient admitted and operated for the suspected nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Biopsy specimen was sent for histopathology to consultant histopathologist in the hospital’s pathology laboratory. Lab reports of th e biopsy specimen showing histopathology of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were reviewed and data entered in the proforma. Results : Out of 93 patients, 32% patients were in age range 10 -15 years, 68% patients were in age range 16 -20 years. Mean age was 16 ye ars with SD ± 1.26. Fifty seven percent patients had duration of symptoms <1 year while 43% patients had duration of symptoms > 1 year. The incidence of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma was 18 %. Conclusion : Our study concludes that the incidence of nasopharyng eal angiofibroma in our setup is 18% which can be due to the increasing number of Afg han refugees. Key words : nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, recurrent epistaxis . Corresponding author: Dr Imran Khan Assistant Professor Ent Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital and Medical College Peshawar Imranamc@hotmail.com Please cite this article in press Imran Khan et al., Frequency of Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma in Patients Presenting with Recurrent Epistaxis ., Indo Am. J. P. Sci , 2019; 06(05 ). QR code " 720 W4392150056.pdf 44 "Ground truth Generated Absolute error 0.20.4 (a) Ground truth Generated Absolute error 0.20.4 (b) Fig. 2.A.2: Test results of EP-Net 2.0 trained on masks with multiple tissue conductivities. Forecast of 21 ms, first frame is an input mask. 28 Chapter 2 EP-Net 2.0: Data-Driven Model for Cardiac Electrophysiology Learning" 721 W4309599585.pdf 0 "International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies ISSN(print): 2767 -8326, ISSN(online): 2767 -8342 Volume 0 2 Issue 1 1 November 2022 Page No: 1332 -1335 , Impact Factor: 5.365 37-i11- https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmscrs/v2 DOI: 1332 Volume 02 Issue 11 November 2022 Corresponding Author: Jennifer Mendoza Aceves Gastroschisis: Understanding i ts Etiopathogenesis Jennifer Mendoza Aceves1, Gabriel Emiliano Martínez Guerrero2, Dora Alicia Can Cabrera3, Jazmin Garcia Cogco4, Sandra M. Rodríguez Flores5 1Universidad de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 2Universidad Villa Rica . Boca del Río, Veracruz, México. 3Universidad Autónoma de Campeche. Campeche, Campeche, México. 4Universidad Veracruzana , Campus Ciudad Mendoza. Veracruz, México. 5Benem érita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla . Puebla de Zarago za, México. ABSTRACT ARTICLE DETAILS Gastroschisis has been defined as a malformation of the abdominal wall that classically presents as a visceral herniation with the presence of an intact umbilical cord and absence of a membrane covering the abdominal content. Its exact etiology is unknown; however, it is recognized that it presents a multifactorial inheritance pattern. Recently, an increase in the number of cases has been observed worldwide, particularly in Mexico, which is why some authors propose that It is a silent p andemic that has not been monitored. The understanding of the etiological factors of this pathology can help to understand a little more the factors to which we are predisposed in our environment. Published On: 22 November 2022 Available on: https://ijmscr.org/ INTRODUCTION Gastroschisis is a congenital anomaly of the d evelopment of the ventral body wall, first described in 1733 characterized by the presence of a hole less than 2 cm in diameter in the abdominal wall, which allows evisceration of the intestinal loops and sometimes from the colon and other organs. Because it is not surrounded by amnion, the intestine is directly exposed to the amniotic fluid, with consequent swelling and possible damage to the seromuscular layer. Evisceration also explains the high maternal serum levels of α-fetoprotein, even higher than i n the case of omphalocele . Depending on the extent of the defect, surgical reduction can be performed immediately after birth in order to avoid thermal and evaporative loss. through the exposed organs or gradually until complete closure, a modality that has shown an overall survival rate of more than 90%. 1,2 Gastroschisis occurs predominantly to the right of the umbilical cord insertion .Rarely, it may be located on the left side but always, in contrast to the midline location of other ventral body wall abnormalities, such as omphalocele, ectopy of the heart, exstrophy of the bladder and cloaca, pentalogy Cantrell and extremity -body wall complex. Other malformations can occur simultaneously with gastroschisis - in 10 -20% of cases - especially in the gastroi ntestinal tract, such as malrotation, volvulus, stenosis and atresia. Rarer still are other types of comorbidities, such as defects of the neural tube or diaphragm, ectopia cordis or congenital heart disease. In order to explain why the prevalence of the m alformation has shown an increasing global trend in recent decades, Especially in young mothers and/or with a history of alcohol and tobacco consumption during pregnancy, multiple studies have been carried out that suggest the participation of various environmental and genetic predisposition factors as an important cause of risk. However, and despite the diversity of factors involved, to date there is no conclusive evidence about the cause of the malformation. 3,4,5 ORIGIN OF GASTROSCHISIS: ANATOMICAL EVENTS Until the last decade it was stated that gastroschisis was an independent malformation of the umbilical cord and that it shared with the other congenital anomalies of the ventral body wall, except for omphalocele, a common embryonic mechanism associated with defective fusion of lateral body folds, as a cause of abnormal closure of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. For omphalocele, a failure in the return of the intestinal loops from the umbilical coelom to the abdominal cavity was proposed, after the physiological herniation that normally must occur between the sixth and twelfth week of development. In agreement with these" 722 W2903960676.pdf 33 " 34 Mobility as a Service and Greener Transportation Systems in a Nordic Context  Passenger vehicle fleet evolution for each country, including fleet composition (i.e. % of new vehicles that are EV, PHEV, gasoline, electric), vehicle efficiency, vehicle weight, % of km driven in electric mode in PHEVs, and battery sizes, cost and weight.  CO2 emissions from electricity and battery production  Passenger transport activity for each country  Biofuel usage for each country While the above parameters are modelled under an anticipated development approach, the reference scenario is designed to allow for an impact assessment of varying degrees of MaaS implementation, and therefore involves a BAU approach in terms of each country’s deployment of MaaS. 4.1.2 Key parameters and assumptions Evolution of vehicle fleet The most important factor in terms of impact on CO 2 and other emissions is the composition of the vehicle fleet. In addition to the above-mentioned PETRA model, Ea Energy Analyses has developed a vehicle transport model for use in analyzing future transport vehicle trends and cost developments. These analyses found that from a socioeconomic perspective, i.e. when all costs associated with vehicle ownership and use are incorporated, it is most likely that EVs and/or PHEVs will become cheaper than their gasoline and diesel counterparts before 2030, and perhaps prior to 2025.62 63 It is assumed that this socioeconomic tipping point will translate to a private end-user cost tipping point in the early to mid-2020s, thus driving EV and PHEV growth from this time period and accelerating through to 2050. Norway represents the most well-known example in this regard, because as soon as it was cost-effective to select an EV or PHEV over an ICE vehicle (both monetarily, but also incorporating other privileges related to parking and utilization of bus lanes), sales of electric drive vehicles grew rapidly. Based on the assumption that it will be cost-effective for the majority of consumers to elect a PHEV or EV by 2040, it becomes more a question of how quickly this shift to electric vehicles will occur in each of the 5 Nordic countries. The future scenario assumptions therefore take their point of departure in the current distribution of new passenger vehicle sales and converge to a situation in 2040 that is dominated by electric vehicle sales. Some countries are already well on their way (Norway), so they are assumed to have higher electric vehicle penetration rates in 2030. In the longer term, it is assumed that a continuing fall in battery prices and increased energy density will result in the majority of commuters being able to rely on an EV for their driving needs, while larger geographic countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland) are assumed to rely on 62 Ea Energy Analyses. (2016). Green Roadmap 2030. Copenhagen: Ea Energy Analyses. 63 Ea Energy Analyses. (2017). Green Transport Roadmap - 30% CO2 reduction in EU road transport towards 2030. Copenhagen: Ea Energy Analyses, The Ecologocial Council, Energifonden." 723 W4251081326.pdf 17 "Page 18/25 Figure 1 Phenotype, microstructure and photosynthesis changes in leaves of winter rapeseed under freezing treatment (A), Illustration of 5-week-old winter rapeseed plants after freezing treatment. (B), The net photosynthetic rates of both winter rapeseed cultivars after freezing treatment. P-values are means ± SD from three biological replicates (p<0.05). (C), Ultrastructure changes in both winter rapeseed cultivars after freezing treatment for 24 h and control, respectively. C, chloroplast; CW, cell wall; M, mitochondrion; P, plastoglobulus; PB, protein body; S, starch grain; T, thylakoid." 724 W2155861125.pdf 16 "2004; four males, five females, tributary of Rondgat River near Algeria, Cederberg Wilderness Area, 32 u22.411 9S, 19u03.863 9E, 1 November 2004; one male, Dwarsriver, alt. 861 m a.s.l., 32 u29.973, 19 u15.389 9E, 2 November 2004; two males, seven females, Driehoeksriver, south of Uitkykpas, Cederberg Wilderness Area, alt. 947 m a.s.l.,32u25.527 9S, 19u07.895 9E, 2 November 2004; five males, five females, one nymph, Touws River at crossing with Old George–Knysna Road, alt. 123 m a.s.l, 33 u56.793 9S, 22u36.751 9E, 13 November 2004; one female, Woodville River at crossing with George– Karata road, alt. 100 m a.s.l., 33 u56.207 9S, 22u39.857 9E, 13 November 2004; three males, seven females, seven nymphs, Bloukrans River at crossing with road R102 (near border with Eastern Cape Province), no coordinates measurement possible, 15 November 2004. South Africa, Kwazulu-Natal Province: one male, one female, Pholelana River at Cobham Office, Drakensbergen, alt. 1619 a.s.l., 29 u41.963 9S, 29u24.791 9’E, 17 November 2004; one female, Lotheni River, Drakensbergen, alt. 1400 m a.s.l., 29 u27.877 9S, 29u32.219 9E, 18 November 2004; two males, one nymph, Poacher’s Stream, Injisutu, Drakensbergen, 1512 m a.s.l., 29 u08.141 9S, 29u26.149 9E, 19 November 2004; one female, Sigibundu Stream, Royal Natal National Park, alt. 1375 m a.s.l., 28 u40.918 9S, 28u58.017 9E, 20 November 2004. Namibia: nine males, 13 females, Zambezi River, Katima Mulilo, 20 July1996; two males, Okavango River at Popa Falls, 21 July 1996; 37 males, 39 females, Cubango River, Rundu, 24 July 1996. Remarks Hygrobates soari is the most widespread African Hygrobates species and probably occurs everywhere south of the Sahara. Hygrobates (Hygrobates) sanguineus K. Viets, 1956 (Figure 18) Material examined Holotype: male, Great Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa, 11 January 1953, leg. Harrison (slide 7788, SMF). Other material: South Africa, Western Cape Province:five males, seven nymphs, Wolwekloof River at Tweede Tol, Limietberg NR, alt. 285 m a.s.l., 33 u34.115 9S, 19u08.255 9E, 3 November 2004. Description Male. Idiosoma 648–778 long and 421–599 wide. Shape of idiosoma variable, some specimens elongated with tapering posterior idiosoma part. In older males all glandularia surrounded by red-coloured secondary sclerotization. Close to anterior margin of genital field a pair of glandularia, fused with secondary sclerotization in older males, separated in a teneral male. I-leg-6 with one heavy, blunt seta. Female. Unknown. Remarks K. Viets (1956) based his description on one teneral and one fully sclerotized male. In his description, he did not mention the occurrence of a pair of glandularia close to or fused3384 H. Smit Downloaded by [University of Bath] at 15:07 13 February 2014 " 725 W4312501373.pdf 5 "AppliedMathematicsandNonlinearSciences8(1)(2023)1841-1848 1846 informationoflibraryusersonitemsandranksthem.Thefunctionconvertstheinputlibrary userinformationanditemratinginformationintocorrespondingkey-valuepairs.Thefunction mergesratingitemswiththesameuser.Thesecondisdevotedtocalculatingthesimilarity betweenitems.Weconvertkey-valuepairsbetweenlibraryusersandprojectsintokey-value pairsbetweenprojectsandprojects.WeusetheMapfunctiontoobtainthescoresofthesame UseramongeachItem.Atthesametime,weusetheReducefunctiontocalculatethe similaritybetweenitems.AftertwotimesofMapReduceprocessing,wecangetthe calculationresultofsimilarityandthesimilaritylistofeachItem[9].Finally,wecalculatethe similaritylistofrecommendationscoresoflibraryusersbasedonMapReduce.Inthispaper, theMapfunctionisusedforCFrecommendation,andthefunctionReduceisusedtooutput therecommendationresults. 3.ExperimentandVerification 3.1DatasetandEvaluationCriteria Theexperimentalevaluationcriteriainthispapermainlyincludetwoaspects:First,wetest whethertheparallelminingofbigdatabasedonHadoopcanimprovetheperformanceofthe modelcalculation.Thesecondistotestsituationalrecommendationmitigationtoreduce recommendationaccuracycausedbydatasparsity[10].Thespeedupratioismainlyusedto comparethetimeittakesforaspecificalgorithmtorunintwodifferentenvironments,single- machine,andparallelcomputing.Thecalculationmethodistheratiobetweentherunning timeofasinglemachineandtherunningtimeofaparallelmachine:S=T(1)/T(N).Among them,T(1)isthealgorithm'srunningtimeinastand-aloneenvironment.T(N)isthetimefor multi-machineparallelprocessing.Thispaperintroducesthemostcommonmeanabsolute deviationMAEinrecommendationperformancetesting.Thecalculationformulais: 1||N ipiqiMAEN(14) 12{,,,}N pp p isthesetofuserratingspredictedbythealgorithm.12{,,,}n qq q isa collectionofactualuserratings. 3.2Analysisofexperimentalresults ThispartadoptsthespeedupratioStoanalyzetheperformanceofthecontextualized recommendationalgorithm.Datadistributionisfirstperformedonthedataset.Wedefine themasdatasetsD1,D2,D3,andD4,respectively.Itcontainsdatasetsof1000,2000,3000, and4000userratings[11].Thispaperteststheparallelrunningtimeoftheabovedatasetsin theHadoopenvironment.Weselected2,4,6,and8caseswithdifferentnumbersofrunning nodes,respectively.Atthesametime,werecordedtherunningtimeoftheD1-D4datasetin theabovefourcases(Fig.2)." 726 W3132851878.pdf 10 "   |  1245 CHOUDRY et al. were again no differences in the MK numbers and ploidy distribution between groups (Figure S6). We sequenced a total of 156 pools of 50 to 100 MKs (irrespec - tive of ploidy); 101 pools from seven individuals with severe cor - onary disease and recent myocardial infarction and 55 pools from eight non- CAD controls. Differential gene expression analysis re - vealed 139 upregulated (FDR <0.05; 21 DEG with an FDR <0.00010) and 679 downregulated (FDR <0.05; 62 DEG with an FDR <0.0001) genes in MKs from patients with severe coronary disease and recent myocardial infarction (Tables S27, S28). A number of upregulated genes were directly related to platelet activation and proteins se-creted by the alpha granule including the neutrophil chemoattrac - tant CXCL7 ( PPBP ), THBS1 , and RAP1B as well as the cell surface glutamate receptor GRIA1 (Table 2).FIGURE 5  Index sorting of single HSCs. (A) Retrospective analysis of FACS sorting strategy for each individual HSC sorted. Left panel: CD34 vs CD38; middle panel: CD90 vs CD45RA; right panel: CD90 vs CD49 f. Individual surface marker expression was normalized. Cluster 1: red; cluster 2: yellow; cluster 3: green; cluster 4: blue; cluster 5: magenta; cells filtered because of poor quality: gray. (B) Retrospective analysis of FACS index data: FSC- A vs CD34 for each HSC sorted. Cluster 1 (red): FSC- A Hi CD34Hi; cluster 4 (blue): FSC- AHi CD34Lo; cluster 2 (yellow): FSC- ALo CD34Hi. Individual surface marker expression was normalized. Cluster 1: red; cluster 2: yellow; cluster 3: green; cluster 4: blue; cluster 5: magenta; cells filtered because of poor quality: gray. FACS, fluorescence- activated cell sorting; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell A BCD34_AF700NA54321 NA54321 NA54321 NA54321 CD38_PerCP–83.0 3.5 4.0 3.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 3.0 2.5 3.03.5 3.54.0 4.0 –6 –4 –2 02 –2 –1 01 2 2.53 .0 3.54 .0 4.5 50000 100000 150000 CD45RA_PBCD90_PeCy7 CD49f_PECD90_PeCy7 CD34_AF700 FSC_A FIGURE 6  Prospective identification of HSC clusters. (A) Principal component analysis (PC2/PC3) of FACS surface marker expression for each individual HSC sorted, including: FSC- A, SSC- A, Lin, CD34, CD38, CD45RA, CD90, CD49 f. Vector loading for FSC- A, CD34, and CD49f are shown. Cluster 1: red; cluster 2: olive; cluster 3: green; cluster 4: blue; cluster 5: magenta. (B) Projection of FACS surface marker expression of HSCs characterized by differentiation assay and their lineage output from Belluschi et al36 onto Figure 6A. As in Figure 6A: cluster 1: red; cluster 2: olive; cluster 3: green; cluster 4: blue; cluster 5: magenta. Differentiation assay outputs: erythrocyte: yellow; MK: violet; multipotent progenitor: pink; myelocyte: gray. Shaded areas: red: cluster 1; blue: cluster 4; yellow: erythrocyte output; violet: MK. The violet triangle in the middle of the figure shows the HSCs from Belluschi et al that formed MKs. The blue shaded area encompasses the position of cells in cluster 4; the pink shaded area encompasses the position of the cells in cluster 1. FACS, fluorescence- activated cell sorting; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; MK, megakaryocyte " 727 W4225995542.pdf 12 "J. Technol. Manag. Innov. 2021. Volume 16, Issue 4 ISSN: 0718-2724. (http://jotmi.org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Facultad de Economía y Negocios.108" 728 W3139818743.pdf 1 "2 Volume 117| Number 3/4 March/April 2021Research Letter https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/8837 Shark–seal interaction during the early Pliocene Page 2 of 5 Bone fragments are embedded in the bone cortex due to the force of a bite or the pressure causing the fracture (Figure 2a). The bites are preserved on the shaft and distal part of the bone. These specimens were collected in 1976 from MPPM as part of an excavation. The bites described below follow Govender and Chinsamy8: 1. CF1 damage can be subdivided into two types (herein designated serrated Types CF1a and CF1b); CF1a is a simple, superficial groove with dotted markings left by serrations, whereas CF1b is a deeper groove with ridges and grooves caused by tooth serrations. 2. CF2 is a simple groove with tapered end and no trace of serrations. 3. CF3 damage has subparallel ridges and grooves corresponding with the tooth’s serrated edge. There is no cut groove. 4. CF4 damage suggests cutting and/or scraping action with rotating movement. This action leaves curvilinear markings caused by the rotation of the tooth. ab Figure 1: (a) Locality map showing the location of Langebaanweg during the 30-m high (the modern coastline is shown in grey). (b) Abbreviated stratigraphic section of Langebaanweg [Konings Vlei Gravel (KGM), Langeberg Quartz Sand (LQSM) and Muishond Fontein Pelletal Phosphorite (MPPM) Members] showing the fossil finds concentrated between 26 m and 30 m above sea level (m asl) (after Roberts et al.13; Govender and Chinsamy8; Govender et al.28). Table 1: List of seal specimens with the number and type of bites identified Element Specimen number Locality Number of bites CF1 CF2 CF3 CF4 Incomplete right humerusSAM-PQL-34631MPPM (BCWW T2 area RS)2 – – x – Incomplete right humerusSAM-PQL-60698MPPM (W Wall IWRP 1976/2)19 x x – –" 729 W2175426920.pdf 2 "1883 Influence of the manipulation technique… PITHON, M . M. et al. Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 31, n. 6, p. 1881-1886, Nov./Dec. 20 15 Statistical procedure For descriptive analysis of the force values (N) means and standard deviations were calculated, with the differences between the methods (pressing vs. addition) being compared by the Student’s t-tes t for independent samples, after verification of the data’s normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The significance level was set at 5% ( α = 0.05). Data were tabulated and analyzed using the statistical program BioEstat (version 5.0, Belém, PA, Brazil). RESULTS During this process, the compressive force was measured at the time of fracture for each plate individually, creating an average for the two teste d groups. Group 1 - addition technique - variance average was 79.12 N and Group 2 - pressing technique - average 77.07 N. The standard deviation of Group 1 was 17.30 N and of Group 2 of 16.31 N. These data show that there was no statistically significant difference between the two tested methods (P=0.788). With respect the location of the sample fracture. In the group 1, 90% of the samples had vertical fracture in the lateral height and 10% had a combination of vertical fracture in the lateral hei ght and incipient cracks in the corrugated surface of palate. In group 2, 85% of the samples had vertical fracture in the lateral height, 5% had a combinatio n of vertical fracture in the lateral height and inci pient cracks in the corrugated surface of palate, and 10% had longitudinal fractures in the lateral height. Figure 2 shows the mean values of the measured force at the time of fracture, according t o the method of handling the resin. Data show no significant differences in strength between the pressing method and the addition method. Figure 2 . Mean values ± standard deviations from the measur ed strength of the fracture time according to the method of handling the acrylic resin. DISCUSSION The manipulation process of acrylic resin, although widely used, is little explored in dentist ry. In the results obtained from this study showed no statistical difference in resistance between the tw o existing methods of manipulation. These results are of great clinical importance given that there is st ill doubt about the best technique among professionals. In study (GONÇALVES et al., 2008) on the resistance of acrylic resin in phosphate incorporation in addition to the monomer, concluded that resistance was not affected with the addition of this component, results that corroborat e the findings of this study. Some studies have shown that the polishing techniques of acrylic resin can influence its mechanical properties by increasing the ratio of monomers, especially when the polishing is chemical (MCCABE; BASKER, 1976; STAFFORD; BROOKS, 1985; KEDJANURE et al., 1999; RANTALA et al., 2003; RUIZ-GENAO et al., 2003; FALTERMEIER et al., 2007; SANTOS et al., 2013). This high amount of residual monomer " 730 W4392568394.pdf 2 "XXI CENTURY RENAISSANCE IN THE PARADIGM OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS 411 ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА: 1. Научный журнал Современные наукоемкие технологии. ISSN 1812-7320 «Перечень» ВАК ИФ РИНЦ = 0,926 2. https://infourok.ru/sovremennye-podhody-i-aktualnye-problemy-prepodavaniya- inostrannogo-yazyka-aviacionnym-specialistam-vks-so-srednim-professionaln- 4227811.html 3. https://e-koncept.ru/2017/770394.htm 4. Гейхман Л. К. Интерактивное обучение общению как модель межкультурной коммуникации (Екатеринбург 2003) (стр. 11, страницы 16-17) 5. Nizamaddinovna S.A. TIL VA MADANIYATNING LINGVOMADANIY ALOQALARI. 6. Садулаева А. Til va madaniyatning lingvomadaniy aloqalari //Развитие лингвистики и литературоведения и образовательных технологий в эпоху глобализации. – 2022. – Т. 1. – №. 1. – С. 62-64. 7. Atashova F. D., Ashirov D. XORIJIY TILLARNI O ‘QITISHDA MADANIYATSHUNOSLIK YONDASHUVINING AHAMIYATI //Educational Research in Universal Sciences. – 2023. – Т. 2. – №. 9. – С. 239-242. 8. Atashova F. D., Seytniyazova G. M. DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF ESP LEARNERS ESP ЎҚУВЧИЛАРИНИНГ КОММУНИКАТИВ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЯСИНИ РИВОЖЛАНТИРИШ //Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal. – 2022. – Т. 2022. – №. 2. – С. 38-50. 9. Seytniyazova, G., & Atashova, F. (2022). THE CATEGORY OF PLURALITY IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES. Educational Research in Universal Sciences, 1(1), 74–78. Retrieved from http://erus.uz/index.php/er/article/view/477 10. Feruza A., Dilbar P., Firuza D. CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES. – 2021. 11. Садуллаева Альфия Низамаддиновна СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ КОНЦЕПТА «МУҲАББАТ» (ЛЮБОВЬ) В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИИ «ТЕРБЕНБЕС» // European journal of literature and linguistics. 2023. №2. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/stilisticheskiy-analiz-kontsepta-mu-abbat-lyubov-v- proizvedenii-terbenbes " 731 W3187459815.pdf 8 "condition (M = 0.10; Figure 4, Cluster 3), which was significantly more often than adults who fit the predicted pattern (β = -4.66, SE = 0.76, p < 0.05). This group otherwise made adult-like judgments of the Direct Perception and Inference sentences, indicating that their only difficulty was in understanding that “I saw that…” could be used to report inference. Somewhat unexpectedly, about half of the children (n = 12) judged all of the target sentences in every condition as “right” (Figure 4, Cluster 4), even in the Doesn’t See condition where Mary saw nothing. However, these children were at ceiling for the control sentences, so their incorrect responses were not due to an overall “right” bias or a total failure to understand the task. When asked follow up questions at the end of the experiment, the children in this group confirmed that Mary was wearing her blindfold and could not see during the event in the See Evidence or Doesn’t See trials, so they were not confused or mistaken about her visual access in these trials. Instead, many of these children said that Mary’s see statement was correct because “I/we saw it” or because the described event did happen. Taken together, this indicates a ‘realist’ interpretation of the target sentences – that is, these children judged Mary’s see statements as “right” because the complement gave an accurate description of the event. The remaining children (n = 3) and one adult were at chance for the Inference sentences in the See Evidence condition (M = 0.54), suggesting uncertainty about their meaning (Figure 4, Cluster 5). Children’s responses (across all clusters) were not predicted by age (β = 0.05, SE = 0.18, p > 0.05). Figure 4. Mean proportions of correct responses for target sentences in Experiment 2, grouped by response pattern. Cluster 1: Predicted AdultCluster 2: Alternative Adult Cluster 3: see that ¹InferenceCluster 4: RealistCluster 5: OtherAdult=9 Child=1Adult=3 Child=0 See Event See EvidenceDoesn't See See Event See EvidenceDoesn't See0.000.250.500.751.00 Visual Access ConditionMean Proportion Correct per ClusterDirect Perception InferenceAdult=9 Child=1Adult=3 Child=0 See Event See EvidenceDoesn't See See Event See EvidenceDoesn't See0.000.250.500.751.00 Visual Access ConditionMean Proportion Correct per ClusterDirect Perception InferenceTarget SentenceDirect Perception “I saw...”Inference “I saw that...”Adult PatternsChild PatternsCorrect Responses by ClusterAdult=9 Child=1Adult=3 Child=0 See Event See Evidence Doesn't See See Event See Evidence Doesn't See0.000.250.500.751.00 Visual Access ConditionMean Proportion Correct per ClusterDirect Perception Inference Adult=1 Child=7Adult=0 Child=12Adult=1 Child=3 See Event See Evidence Doesn't See See Event See Evidence Doesn't See See Event See Evidence Doesn't See0.000.250.500.751.00 Visual Access ConditionMean Proportion Correct per ClusterDirect Perception InferenceProceedings of ELM 1: 125-135, 2021 E. Emory Davis and Barbara Landau: Seeing vs. Seeing That: Children’s Understanding of Direct Perception and Inference Reports. 133" 732 W2131601720.pdf 1 "BRIEFINGS DrJameel isthedirector ofhospital services for the north-west region and himself apsy chiatrist, being one ofthree inthecountry. His story was ofapsychiatric service, previously cen tralised onBhagdad, which had been leftwithout in-patient resources other than beds inamedical ward. The extended family network, which might have cared formany ofhispatients, had beenwrecked bythepopulation shake-up. Hehoped todevelop atreatment and rehabilitation unit but hiswhole service was short ofthecurrency oftreatment, particularly medication including antidepressants, depot neuroleptics and anti- epileptics. The lack ofdrugs meant that ECT, with anuncertain machine, was unmodified. Although drugs were available ontheblack-market forthose who had themoney, they were ofuncer tain origin and efficacy. The shortage extended tothewhole medical service which lacked anti biotics, dressings and hospital clothing and equipment. They were dependent ondonations forjournals and books and transport was acon stant problem. There were fewdoctors and many patients; clinics were long and thetime foras sessment brief. Allthis made itadispiriting struggle tomaintain aservice, letalone develop it.And yet, intheteeth ofthis and with some outside help, theservice was being restored. Throughout theday and into thelate evening patients arrived and silently queued until seen. Fortunately only aminority were formeaspsychiatric assessment was time-consuming; aslow exploration ofthe mental state notjust ofan individual but ofthefamily and their society. Psychosis, neurosis and marital and family prob lems were given acultural twist. How does a transsexual even start toaddress aproblem which isanathema toboth his family and society? How does afamily continue tocare fora father who issuspected ofmurdering their mother? Forbearance and aresort toreligionwere frequent. For many the account started with the Iraqi invasion, being shelled and the subsequent move either tothecamps, into the mountains oracross theborder. Although inter marriage ledtolurid family trees ofdisturbance, onmore careful enquiry Ifound that itwas unusual foradisorder tobreed true. The preva lence ofdisturbance might simply beameasure ofthedegree and nature offamilial resilience to thehigh levels ofstress. Wediscussed thepossi bility ofsetting upaformal, trained counselling service, and whether the clergy might develop their pastoral role. The recurrent question through the discussions was that ofthelong- term consequence? The distance and thestate oftheroads meant a full day was needed foravisit tothecapital, Arbil. Wemet MrJauhir Namiq, theHead ofthe National Assembly, who was courteous, patient and phlegmatic. The government was beginning togain some grasp oftheextent and theimpact oftorture onapopulation ofwhich about 180,000 were immediately affected by the invasion: hespoke ofthe need forasound appraisal asapreliminary torehabilitation: his request foroutside advice was passed tothe College. Ileftwith agreater appreciation ofhow fara rural community, with anextended family net work, can contain unhappiness and weather it; oftheimportance ofmedication tomodern psy chiatry; and ofwhat aluxury itistohave thetime tocarry outanywork with patients. Ifyou have any modern books, journals, drugs orequipment todonate, Kurdish Life Aid will ensure their delivery. You can contact MrsBerney athome byphone 091-281-2608. T.P.Berney, Consultant Psychiatrist, Pmdhoe Hospital, Pmdhoe. Northumberland NE42 5NT Psychiatry inKurdistan 105 https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.2.104 Published online by Cambridge University Press" 733 W2523255059.pdf 1 "4. How are JAs biosynthesized? The JA biosynthetic pathway, also called the octadeca- noids pathway (the starting point is the 18 C fatty acid α- linolenic acid 18:3 ( α-LA)), takes place in three subcellular compartments: first in the chloroplast, then the peroxi- some, and finally the cytoplasm (Fig. 1). The very first step consists in the release of α-LA from galacto- and phos- pholipids localized at the chloroplast membrane by the action of phospholipases (PLAs), which include DEFECT- IVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 (DAD1) in A. thaliana [23]. Subsequently, the oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids α-LA by 13-LIPOXYGENASE (LOX) leads to 13-hydroperoxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoicacid (13-HPOT) [24–26]. Two different enzyme families, termed ALLENE OXYDE SYNTHASE (AOS) and ALLENE OXYDE CY- CLASE (AOC), successively convert 13-HPOT into the stable cis(+)-oxophytodienoic acid (cis-OPDA) intermedi- ate [27 –30]. The next steps of JA biosynthesis take place in the peroxisome. How cis-OPDA is addressed to this subcellular compartment is largely unknown. So far, only one gene, COMATOSE, a peroxisome-localized protein of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter class, has been linked with JA transport to this subcellular compart- ment [31, 32]. However, as loss of function mutants (inArabidopsis ) can still make some JA, there are most likely other transporters involved. In the peroxisome, cis-OPDA is reduced by an OPDA REDUCTASE (OPR) and then undergoes three rounds of β-oxydation by ACYL-CoA OXIDASE (ACX) enzymes leading to the production of jasmonic acid (JA) [33, 34]. JA is then exported though an unknown route to the cytoplasm where it can be modified by several enzymes (reviewed in [2]). The best described belongs to the class of GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 s (GH3s), which conjugates JA with vari- ous amino acids but most notably isoleucine, leading to the bioactive JA-Ile molecule [1, 35]. 5. How is JA-Ile perceived by cells? How plant cells sense JA-Ile has been well documented and is mechanistically very similar to auxin signaling (similarities are reviewed in [36]; Fig. 2). JA-Ile acts as a molecular glue between its co-receptors COI1, an F-BOX E3 LIGASE protein, and JASMONATE ZIM DO- MAIN (JAZ) proteins, which act as transcriptional repressors [21, 37, 38]. Most JAZ proteins share two con- served regions: a ZIM domain and a Jas motif [39]. While the ZIM domain mediates protein –protein interactions that regulate JA signal transduction, the Jas motif is involved in Fig. 1. Biosynthesis of JAs and different types of bioactive JAs. Biosynthesis of JAs takes place in three different cellular compartments (chloroplast, peroxisome, and cytoplasm). Refer to Question 4 for further details. Coronatine ( COR) is not synthesized by plants but by the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae (refer to Question 1 for details)Larrieu and Vernoux BMC Biology (2016) 14:79 Page 2 of 8" 734 W3109203219.pdf 9 " P56 21. J. Sen, A. B. Das Chaudhuri , Brief communication: Choice of washing method of hair samples for trace element analysis in environmental studies, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol . 115 (2001) 289–291, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1083. 22. R. Luo, S. Zhang , P. Xiang , B. Shen, X. Zhuo , D. Ma , Elements concentrations in the scalp hair of methamphetamine abusers, Forensic Sci. Int. 249 (2015) 112 –115, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.01.016. 23. H. I. Afridi , T. G. Kazi, M. K. Jamali , G. H. Kazi, M. B. Arain , N. Jalbani , G. Q. Shar, Analysis of heavy metals in scalp hair samples of hypertensive patients by conventional and microwave digestion methods. Spectrosc. Lett. 39 (2006) 203 –214, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00387010500531266. 24. M. F. H. Carneiro, M. B. Moresco, G. R. Chagas , V. C. de Oliveira Souza, C. R. Rhoden, F. Barbosa, Assessment of trace elements in scalp hair of a young urban population in Brazil, Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 143 (2011) 815 –824, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011 -010-8947 -z. 25. M. Matsumoto , J. Yoshinaga , Isotope ratios of lead in Japanese women's hair of the twentieth century, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 17 (2010) 643 –649, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356 -009-0255 -9. 26. P. Trojanowski , J. Trojanowski , J. Antonowicz , M. Bokiniec , Lead and cadmium content in human hair in Central Pomerania (Northern Poland), J. Elementol . 15 (2010) 363 – 384, doi: https://doi.org/10.5601/jelem.2010.15.2.363 -384. 27. H. Nasser , Trace element levels in nape of neck hair from local population Latakia – Syria: link to sex and age factor s, Int. J. Chem. Stud . 1 (2014) 27 –35. 28. G. Liang , L. Pan, X. Liu, Assessment of typical heavy metals in human hair of different age groups and foodstuffs in Beijing, China, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14 (2017) 914, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080914. 29. Z. Li, Q. Wang , Y. Luo, Exposure of the urban population to mercury in Changchun city, Northeast China, Environ. Geochem. Health 28 (2006) 61 –66, doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10653 -005-9012 -2. 30. J. C. Raposo , P. Navarro, A. Sarmiento , E. Arribas , M. Irazola , R. M. Alonso , Analytical proposal for trace element determination in human hair. Application to the Biscay province population, northern Spain , Microchem. J. 116 (2014) 125 –134, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. microc.2014.04.012. 31. H. Mikasa , Y. Suzuki , N. Fujii, K Nishiyama, Adsorption and elution of metals on hair, Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 16 (1988) 59 – 66, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02795334. 32. P. Borella , S. Rovesti , E. Caselgrandi , A. Bargellini , Quality control in hair analysis: A systematic study on washing procedures for trace element determinations, Mikrochim. Acta 123 (1996) 271 –280, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01244400. Ljudska kosa je biološki uzorak koji se, za razliku od krvi, skuplja neinvazivno i može rabiti u procjeni unosa elemenata. Prije analize uzorke kose potrebno je oprati kako bi se odstranila vanjska onečišćenja za što ne postoje standardni postupci. Istraživanjem je procijenjena učinkovitost različit ih postupaka pranja uzoraka kose (neionskim detergentom, kiselinama, otapalima i njihovim mješavinama) uključujući primjenu ultrazvuka prije analize elemenata (As, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, and Zn) metodom ICP -MS. Ispitivani postupci pranja b ili su zadovoljavajući, izuzev primjenom dušične i klorovodične kiseline, pri čemu se elementi “otpuštaju” i gube zbog oštećivanja kose (vidljive su promjena boje i pucanje vlasi). Primjena ultrazvuka pospješila je učinkovitost pranja uzoraka do 10 % ovisn o o ispitivanom elementu i postupku pranja. Uzorak ljudske kose, učinkovitost postupka pranja, analiza metala, endogeni i egzogeni elementi Institut za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada Ksaverska cesta 2 10 000 Zagreb, Hrvatska Izvorni znanstveni rad Prispjelo 28. svibnja 2020. Prihvaćeno 18. srpnja 2020. " 735 W4388967905.pdf 1 "2 Vol:.(1234567890) Scientific Reports | (2023) 13:20713 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47935-7 www.nature.com/scientificreports/using multivariate Cox model over some clinical features and reported a combination of age, ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score, and body mass index factors are relevant to survival. The ALS-SS system produces a risk score for each patient (which can be used to predict which patient will die first) but does not provide the expected length of survival itself. Many studies formulate the survival prediction task as a binary classification for a single time point, such as surviving one year or two years. Schuster et al.6 logistic ridge regres- sion model used clinical and/or MRI features to predict 18-month survival, with prediction accuracy of 66.67% from clinical features, 77.08% from MRI features and 79.17% from both. Pfohl et al.7 learned generalized linear and random forest models over 38 clinical features to classify survival at different time points, starting from 30 days to 5 years. Another study successfully applied the non-linear dimension reduction technique, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP)8, for 1-year survival analysis in ALS and claimed to achieve 94% accuracy9. Introna et al.10 investigated whether the slope of the King’s College ALS clinical staging (KC) system11 at the initial visit could predict survival in a cohort of ALS patients; they found the KC progression rate ( /Delta1KC) demonstrated an accuracy of 92%, 85%, and 83% in predicting survival at one year, two years, and three years, respectively. Overall, the performance for single time point prediction is promising for some specific time points. However, those studies appear to ignore censored individuals (defined in the next section), which can be a large proportion. Also, the time points being predicted varies for different studies. Our individual survival curve model (described in the next section) provides survival probability for all future time points, and also explicitly deals with censored patients. Some studies predict the survival time by describing the task as classifying event occurrence into multiple time windows. Van der Burgh et al.12 applied a deep neural network to eight clinical features, along with some imaging features from diffusion-weighted and T1-weighted MR images, to produce a model that could classify ALS patients as short, medium or long survivors. They found that just using those eight clinical features (or just the MRI characteristics) could not achieve robust performance, but the combined features obtained 84.4% classification accuracy. Corrado et al.13 proposed machine learning methods capable of addressing competing risks and censoring for the Intelligent Disease Progression Prediction (IDPP) challenge dataset.14 These ML techniques produce an average C-index of around 0.70 and 0.74, utilizing data from the first visit and 6 months later, respectively, to predict competing risks such as non-invasive ventilation (NIV), percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and death. They report 0.86 specificity but low sensitivity for predicting the time of event occurrence. Although knowing the event time window can help us narrow down the estimated event time, the size of the time window might not meet the needs of clinicians (e.g., van der Burgh et al.12 use only three time windows). Also, if the data has censored instances, any model that does not handle censoring (e.g., the model used by van der Burgh et al.12) might introduce bias. In our approach, the learned model predicts the individual survival curves. Westeneng et al.15 use the multivariable Royston-Parmar survival model (Royston et al.16) to predict individual survival curves and report a C-index of 0.78. However, they did not report any event time prediction error measurement. The papers above describe various approaches to survival prediction—e.g., produce a risk score, or a 1-year survival probability, etc. While useful for some tasks, we note that none actually estimates how long a person will survive. Below we provide a way to produce such personalized estimates. As our goal is a model that minimizes the difference between predicted time and true survival time, we therefore evaluate proposed models by their mean absolute error (MAE-Margin; see section “ MAE-margin ”) based on predicted median survival times. (Note that it is possible that a model could have a good C-index, but a bad MAE-Margin, and vice versa; similarly for 1-year survival probability vs MAE-Margin; etc.17) Personalized survival prediction We view survival prediction as learning a model that can estimate the time until an event, for each individual. This “time to an event” task resembles regression - given a description of a patient, predict a non-negative real value (his/her time to death). Learning a survival model is more complicated, as the training data typically includes censored training instances, which provide only a lower bound on the survival time. (For example, imagine a patient left the study after 220 days and is then lost to follow-up. We know this patient lived for at least 220 days, but we do not know whether she lived 221 or 1000 days or 30 years.) As 45% of the patients in our data are censored, it is important that the process for learning our survival prediction models incorporates these censored training instances to avoid bias19; note our evaluation must also deal with such censored labels. The field of survival prediction (i.e., survival analysis) deals with this kind of censored data. A single time-point binary classification (e.g., the probability that a patient will die before 100 days) might not be enough to tell the full story of a patient’s survival. A more recent approach provides an “individual sur - vival distribution” (ISD)20 for each patient, which is a survival probability for all future times (i.e., a survival distribution) specific to this individual; see Fig.  1. The survival curve for a patient provides the probability that this patient will live until at least time t (i.e., survival probability) at each future time point t≥0 . For example, the model shown in Fig.  1 predicts that patient A has a 90% probability of living at least t=20.7 months and 50% probability of living at least t=40.4 months, etc. We also see that this model makes different predictions for Patients A, B, and C. Here, we consider the time until the composite respiratory failure event occurs: death, tracheostomy, or use of non-invasive ventilation for more than 23 hours per day. The composite respiratory failure, which is related to the use of surrogates to sustain survival, is widely used in ALS survival research.10,15,21 We develop a SuperLearner that learns a model that can predict ISDs for each ALS patient using the patient’s clinical information and cortical thickness extracted from the patient’s MR image. The SuperLearner selects the best survival prediction models from several candidates to provide predictions. Our SuperLearner aims to achieve the best MAE-margin (mean" 736 W3006372113.pdf 8 "P. OREKHOVSKY. Federalism. 2019. N 2. P. 61–71 69 но жесткое централизованное регулирование, единую внешнеторговую, финансовую и миграционную политику. Напротив, ситуация, когда каждое государство осуществляет регулирование, исходя из собственных интересов, не находясь под патронажем США или Брюсселя, позволяет найти ему с Россией общий язык. Также становится понятно, почему у России часто возникают выгод- ные альянсы с экономиками со средним уровнем дохода, правительства которых придерживаются «левой» ориентации. Последняя предполагает осуществление индустриализации и «первичной» модернизации, ко-торая, как правило, осуществляется авторитарными и популисткими политическими режимами. В отличие от западных стран, которые с мессианской убежденностью пытаются экспортировать институты либеральной демократии, российские компании, как и российские по-литики, готовы принимать и понимать «местную специфику» . Как только какое-либо из государств по той или иной причине выпадает из иерар-хической организации «однополярного мира» (а в случае стран с прави-тельствами левой ориентации это случается достаточно часто), сразу же возникает возможность взаимовыгодных торгово-финансовых альянсов с капиталистической Россией. Как было показано выше, концепция регрессивной модернизации не является специфическим российским открытием. Однако, допол-ненные компонентами традиционализма и патернализма, институ-ты регрессивной модернизации в настоящее время являются основными «статьями» российского институционального экспорта . Взаимодействие конфессий под патронажем государства, «имперское» федеративное устройство, допускающее наличие культурно-национальных автономий, государственный патернализм, тесно переплетающийся с крупным биз-несом в рамках частно-государственного партнерства — вся эта россий-ская институциональная среда хорошо приживается и на восточно-ази-атской, и на ближневосточной, и на латиноамериканской почве. Старые советские элементы дирижизма, которые также воплощаются в практике «ручного управления» и персональной ответственности государствен-ных чиновников за развитие частного бизнеса — элементы российского институционального дизайна, который, как это ни странно, находит применение даже в некоторых богатых западных странах (при этом, однако, респектабельно ссылаться на Ф. Листа, камералистику и не-омеркантилизм). * * * На пути российск о го институци о нальн о го э ксп орта есть сво и ограничения. Широко известными слабостями российской инсти- туциональной модели являются, во-первых, недостаточная полно- та и юридическая проработанность формальных контрактов, опора на традиции и доверие. Во-вторых, сравнительная «рыхлость» судебной системы и хозяй- ственного законодательства, позволяющая трансформировать админи- стративные и экономические конфликты в уголовные." 737 W4311281976.pdf 7 "Page 8 of 9 Cao et al. BMC Neurology (2022) 22:452 Availability of data and materials The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Informed consents were obtained from the participants entering the stroke registry, and this analysis was approved by the Ethics Committee of Changzhou Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University (Approval No: [2018]KY032-01). All methods were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Author details 1 Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003 Changzhou, China. 2 Depart - ment of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.29, Xinglong Lane, Jiangsu 213003 Chang- zhou, China. Received: 24 July 2022 Accepted: 18 November 2022 References 1. Brouwers HB, Chang Y, Falcone GJ, Cai X, Ayres AM, Battey TW, Vashk - evich A, McNamara KA, Valant V, Schwab K, et al. Predicting hematoma expansion after primary intracerebral hemorrhage. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(2):158–64. 2. Zhao W, Wu C, Stone C, Ding Y, Ji X. Treatment of intracerebral hem- orrhage: current approaches and future directions. J Neurol Sci. 2020;416:117020. 3. 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Chen M, Li Z, Ding J, Lu X, Cheng Y, Lin J. Comparison of Common Meth- ods for Precision Volume Measurement of Hematoma. Comput Math Methods Med. 2020;2020:6930836. 22. Pinter C, Lasso A, Wang A, Jaffray D, Fichtinger G. SlicerRT: radiation therapy research toolkit for 3D slicer. Med Phys. 2012;39(10):6332–8. 23. Anderson CS, Huang Y, Wang JG, Arima H, Neal B, Peng B, Heeley E, Skulina C, Parsons MW, Kim JS, et al. Intensive blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral haemorrhage trial (INTERACT): a randomised pilot trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(5):391–9. 24. Zhao B, Jia WB, Zhang LY, Wang TZ. 1/2SH: a simple, Accurate, and Reliable Method of calculating the hematoma volume of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2020;51(1):193–201. 25. Tambasco N, Simoni S, Sacchini E, Eusebi P , Marsili E, Nigro P , Brahimi E, Paoletti FP , Romoli M, Calabresi P . Validation of the Hemifacial Spasm Grading Scale: a clinical tool for hemifacial spasm. Neurol sciences: official J Italian Neurol Soc Italian Soc Clin Neurophysiol. 2019;40(9):1887–92. 26. Xu X, Chen X, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Sun G, Yu X, Xu B. Comparison of the Tada formula with software slicer: precise and low-cost method for volume assessment of intracerebral hematoma. Stroke. 2014;45(11):3433–5. 27. Strik HM, Borchert H, Fels C, Knauth M, Rienhoff O, Bähr M, Verhey JF. Three-dimensional reconstruction and volumetry of intracranial haemor - rhage and its mass effect. Neuroradiology. 2005;47(6):417–24. 28. Xu X, Chen X, Li F, Zheng X, Wang Q, Sun G, Zhang J, Xu B. Effectiveness of endoscopic surgery for supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemor - rhage: a comparison with craniotomy. J Neurosurg. 2018;128(2):553–9. 29. Oge DD, Topcuoglu MA, Gocmen R, Arsava EM. The dynamics of hema- toma surface regularity and hematoma expansion in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. J Clin neuroscience: official J Neurosurgical Soc Australasia. 2020;74:160–3. 30. Wan S, Wei Y, Yu H, Li Y, Yao S, Song B. Computed Tomographic Portog- raphy with esophageal variceal measurements in the evaluation of esophageal Variceal Severity and Assessment of Esophageal Variceal volume efficacy. Acad Radiol. 2020;27(4):528–35. 31. Ma Z, Chen X, Huang Y, He L, Liang C, Liang C, Liu Z. MR diffusion- weighted imaging-based subcutaneous tumour volumetry in a xeno - grafted nude mouse model using 3D slicer: an accurate and repeatable method. Sci Rep. 2015;5:15653. 32. Egger J, Kapur T, Fedorov A, Pieper S, Miller JV, Veeraraghavan H, Freisle - ben B, Golby AJ, Nimsky C, Kikinis R. GBM volumetry using the 3D slicer medical image computing platform. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1364." 738 W4319082983.pdf 9 "Life2023 ,13, 433 10 of 26 Life 2023 , 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 10 of 27 on chlorophyll- a in both hybrids at both sampling times. Chlorophyll- a content of Desszert 73 and Noa significantly decreased ( p < 0.05) when infected by the three corn smut concentrations (87%, 127%, and 146% in Desszert 73, and 79%, 75%, and 106% in Noa) at 7 DAPI compared to the control plan ts. At the second sampling time (14 DAPI), the reductions were 254%, 286%, and 316% for Desszert 73 and 127%, 160%, and 167% for Noa, respectively. Noa had the most significant reduction when the highest sporidium treatment was applied (means for at 7 and 14 DAPI at 10,000 sporidia/mL followed by different letters) (Figure 3A). Corn smut infection also had negative effects on the amounts of chlorophyll- b in the Desszert 73 and Noa hybrids ( p < 0.05). Increased concentration of sporidia diminished chlorophyll- b by 46%, 89%, and 116% in Desszert 73 and 63%, 107%, and 121% in Noa compared to the control plants at 7 DAPI. Furthermore, the reduction was 76%, 108%, and 127% in Desszert 73 and 170%, 214%, and 244% in Noa hybrids at 14 DAPI (Figure 3B). The carotenoid content was reduced at 7 DAPI by 40% ( p = 0.016) and 123% ( p = 0.006) in the Desszert 73 and Noa hybrids treated 5000 sporidia/mL; 49% ( p = 0.023) and 185% ( p = 0.006) in Desszert 73 and Noa hybrids treated with 10,000 sporidia/mL. Similarly, at 14 DAPI, carotenoid content was also signific antly reduced under 2500, 5000, and 10,000 sporidia/mL in Desszert 73 [53% ( p = 0.013), 222% ( p = 0.005), and 216% ( p= 0.004)] and Noa [380% ( p = 0.000), 203% ( p = 0.030), and 450% ( p = 0.000] (Figure 3C). Life 2023 , 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 27 Figure 3. (A) The effects of corn smut infection on chlorophyll- a (mg g−1 FW) (mean ± SD, n = 5), ( B) The effects of corn smut infection on chlorophyll- b (mg g−1 FW) (mean ± SD, n = 5), ( C) The effects of corn smut infection on carotenoids (mg g−1 FW) (mean ± SD, n = 5) of the fourth leaves of Desszert 73 and Noa hybrids at 7 and 14 DAPI. The data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-HSD test at 0.05 to determine significant differences indicated by different letters (a, b, c, d, and e). DAPI: days after the pathogen infection, FW: fresh weight. The respective corn smut treatm ents significantly increased ( p ≤ 0.001) the MDA content of Desszert 73 and Noa hybrids’ leaves (140%, 181%, 224% and 194%, 215%, and 280% reduction) at 7 DAPI. The MDA content was significantly ( p ≤ 0.001) increased at 14 DAPI in Desszert 73 and Noa infected with th e three concentrations of corn smut (147%, 191%, and 260% increase; 205%, 242%, and 282% in crease) in the infected plants due to the different concentration of the inoculum at 14 DAPI (Figure 4). Figure 4. The MDA content (nmol MDA g−1 FW) of the fifth leaves of corn smut infected Desszert 73 and Noa hybrids at 7 and 14 DAPI (mean ± SD, n = 5). The data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-HSD test at 0.05 to determine significant differences indicated by different letters (a, b, c, d, e, and f). DAPI: days after the pathogen infection. FW: fresh weight, MDA: malondialdehyde. The APX activity in the leaves of Desszert 73 and Noa hybrids significantly ( p ≤ 0.001) increased with infection intensity (100%, 132%, 147%, and 67%, 96%, and 119%, Figure 3. (A) The effects of corn smut infection on chlorophyll- a(mg g" 739 W3183149017.pdf 14 "Al-Ijtimā’: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat p-ISSN: 2746 -492X Vol. 1 No. 2 April 2021 e-ISSN : 2746 -4938 108 Kelima , Deliver atau Destiny . Tahap deliver atau destiny adalah tahap di mana setiap orang dalam organisasi mengimplementasikan berbagai hal termasuk pelaksanaan dan pengontrolan atau pengevaluasian program dampingan terhadap komunitas yang sudah dirumuskan pada tahap Dream dan Design . Didalam tahapan de livery atau destiny ini, terdapat beberapa tahapan yang akan dilakukan sebagai berikut : 1. Tahap Pelaksanaan. Sebagaimana waktu kegiatan pendampingan yang telah dilakukan di taham design, maka ditemukan bahwa Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Pengengembangan Ketahanan Pangan dalam menghadapi Masa Pandemi Covid 19 dilaks anakan pada Hari Selasa tanggal 22 september 2020 jam 08:30 -selesai. Pelaksanaan tersebut berjalan dengan lancar dan sukses mulai dari pembukan, acara inti (penyampa ian materi dan praktek), dan penutup. Acara pelatihan dan pendampingan ini dipimpin oleh pembawa acara yang bernama Siti Izatul Lailiyah . Adapun susunan acaranya adalah sebagai berikut: a. Pembukaan. Acara pembukaan ini dibukan dengan pembacaan AlFatehah yang dipimping oleh pembawa acara yang bernama Siti Izatul Lailiyah . b. Acara inti. Acara inti dimulai dengan penyampaian materi pelatihan dan pendampingan. Acara inti dipimpin langsung oleh peneliti atau pelaku pemberdayaan yaitu saya sendiri dan dibantu oleh Fauzan sebagai perwakilan komunitas. Isi materi yang disampaikan diawali deng an dengan penyampaian tentang keadaan ekonomi baik secara global maupun lokal terlebih dengan adanya Krisis di masa Pandemi Covid 19 menjadikan inflasi dan resesi di berbagai sektor ekonomi. Diperlukan adanya sikap mandiri kreatif dan inovatif dalam pengembangan produk bahan pangan yang murah dan mudah didapat. Gambar 04. Proses Penyampaian Materi " 740 W3042276135.pdf 15 "Molecules 2020 ,25, 3275 16 of 16 28. Tarrés, Q.; Vanesa, N.; Evangelina, M.; Cristina, M.; Delgado-aguilar, M.; Mutj é, P . Lignocellulosic nanofibres from triticale straw: The influence of hemicelluloses and lignin in their production and properties. Carbohydr. Polym. 2017 ,163, 20–27. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 29. Tarrés, Q.; Delgado-Aguilar, M.; P èlach, M.A.; Gonz ález, I.; Boufi, S.; Mutj é, P . Remarkable increase of paper strength by combining enzymatic cellulose nanofibres in bulk and TEMPO-oxidized nanofibres as coating. Cellulose 2016 ,23, 3939–3950. [CrossRef] 30. Serra, A.; Gonz ález, I.; Oliver-Ortega, H.; Tarr ès, Q.; Delgado-Aguilar, M.; Mutj é, P . Reducing the amount of catalyst in TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibres: E ect on properties and cost. Polymers (Basel) 2017 ,9, 557. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 31. Tarrés, Q.; Boufi, S.; Mutj é, P .; Delgado-Aguilar, M. Enzymatically hydrolyzed and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibres for the production of nanopapers: Morphological, optical, thermal and mechanical properties. Cellulose 2017 ,24, 3943–3954. [CrossRef] 32. Sang, X.; Qin, C.; Tong, Z.; Kong, S.; Jia, Z. Mechanism and kinetics studies of carboxyl group formation on the surface of cellulose fibre in a TEMPO-mediated system. Cellulose 2017 ,24, 2415–2425. [CrossRef] 33. Yousefi, H.; Faezipour, M.; Hedjazi, S.; Mazhari, M. Comparative study of paper and nanopaper properties prepared from bacterial cellulose nanofibres and fibres /ground cellulose nanofibres of canola straw. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2013 ,43, 732–737. [CrossRef] 34. Tao, P .; Zhang, Y.; Wu, Z.; Liao, X.; Nie, S. Enzymatic pretreatment for cellulose nanofibrils isolation from bagasse pulp: Transition of cellulose crystal structure. Carbohydr. Polym. 2019 ,214, 1–7. [CrossRef] 35. Alemdar, A.; Sain, M. Isolation and characterization of nanofibres from agricultural residues—Wheat straw and soy hulls. Bioresour. Technol. 2008 ,99, 1664–1671. [CrossRef] 36. Zhang, H.; Nie, S.; Qin, C.; Wang, S. Removal of hexenuronic acid to reduce AOX formation in hot chlorine dioxide bleaching of bagasse pulp. Ind. Crops. Prod. 2019 ,128, 338–345. [CrossRef] 37. Boufi, S.; Gonz ález, I.; Delgado-Aguilar, M.; Tarr ès, Q.; P èlach, M. À.; Mutj é, P . Nanofibrillated cellulose as an additive in papermaking process: A review. Carbohydr. Polym. 2016 ,154, 151–166. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 38. Espinosa, E.; Rol, F.; Bras, J.; Rodr íguez, A. Production of lignocellulose nanofibres from wheat straw by di erent fibrillation methods. Comparison of its viability in cardboard recycling process. J. Clean. Prod. 2019 , 239, 118083. [CrossRef] 39. Espinosa, E.; Tarr és, Q.; Delgado-Aguilar, M.; Gonz ález, I.; Mutj é, P .; Rodr íguez, A. Suitability of wheat straw semichemical pulp for the fabrication of lignocellulosic nanofibres and their application to papermaking slurries. Cellulose 2015 ,23, 837–852. [CrossRef] 40. Lourenço, A.F.; Gamelas, J.A.F.; Sarmento, P .; Ferreira, P .J.T. Enzymatic nanocellulose in papermaking— The key role as filler flocculant and strengthening agent. Carbohydr. Polym. 2019 ,224, 115200. [CrossRef] 41. Vargas, F.; Gonz ález, Z.; S ánchez, R.; Jim énez, L.; Rodr íguez, A. Cellulosic pulps of cereal straws as raw material. BioResources 2012 ,7, 4161–4170. 42. Besbes, I.; Alila, S.; Boufi, S. Nanofibrillated cellulose from TEMPO-oxidized eucalyptus fibres: E ect of the carboxyl content. Carbohydr. Polym. 2011 ,84, 975–983. [CrossRef] 43. Carrasco, F.; Mutj é, P .; Pelach, M.A. Control of retention in paper-making by colloid titration and zeta potential techniques. Wood Sci. Technol. 1998 ,32, 145–155. [CrossRef] 44. Carrasco, F.; Mutj é, P .; Pelach, M.A. Refining of bleached cellulosic pulps: Characterization by application of the colloidal titration technique. Wood Sci. Technol. 1996 ,30, 227–236. [CrossRef] 45. Marx-Figini, M. The acid-catalyzed degradation of cellulose linters in distinct ranges of bacterial nano-cellulose reinforced fibre-cement composites. Constr. Build. Mater. 1987 ,101, 958–964. 46. Shinoda, R.; Saito, T.; Okita, Y.; Isogai, A. Relationship between length and degree of polymerization of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils. Biomacromolecules 2012 ,13, 842–849. [CrossRef] 47. Segal, L.; Creely, J.J.; Martin, A.E.; Conrad, C.M. Empirical Method for Estimating the Degree of Crystallinity of Native Cellulose Using the X-Ray Di ractometer. Text Res. J. 1959 ,29, 786–794. [CrossRef] Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. ©2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http: //creativecommons.org /licenses /by/4.0/)." 741 W1986181224.pdf 5 "12 Como elementos que favoreceram esse processo de integração social, as pessoas indicaram a reabilitação pulmonar, oapoio da família e o grupo de convivência. Nesse sentido, dentre os objetivos da reabilitação pulmonar estão a redução dos sintomas, a redução da perda funcional causadapela doença pulmonar e otimização das atividades físicas e sociais, traduzidas em melhoria da qualidade de vida (16). O exercício físico, a educação do paciente e de seus familiares e a intervenção psicossocialauxiliam no alcance desses objetivos, tal como evidenciamos no grupo pesquisado. Outro elemento que contribuiu para a superação dos limites da doença e do tratamento foi a reconquista de sua autonomia, através do autocuidado, conforme pode ser percebido nos depoimentos que seguem: O importante é ter coragem de fazer as coisas, ter confiança de fazer o que nos ensinaram, especialmente, de respirar certo nas horas que precisamos (Iara). Nós reaprendemos a caminhar... (Mara). Hoje eu já sei que posso subir uma escada, antes eu não conseguia (...) Eu aprendi a respirar e estou até ensinando aos outros como respirarmelhor e corretamente (Mara). A pessoa quando se sente incapaz de cuidar de si mesma tem afetada sua auto-estima e autoconfiança. Aprender a lidar com adoença através de modificações ou adaptações de seus hábitos, é fator essencial para que haja autonomia. Isso demonstra a importância do processo educativo em saúde, no sentido de instrumentalizar as pessoas para viverem seu potencial máximo. Essa instrumentalização inclui meios de conservação de energia: alimentação adequada, cuidados com higiene, vestuário ereadaptação ao trabalho. - Contar com o apoio da família Um importante aspecto para quem tem uma doença crônica é a dificuldade de explicar aos outros como se sentem. Algumas vezesas pessoas próximas não demonstram interesse real ou não sentem necessidade de estarem realmente envolvidas na situação. Isso, muitas vezes, tende a levar ao isolamento, como mostra o depoimento de umapessoa sobre a percepção de sua família sobre a situação: A família acostuma com a situação e, às vezes, pensam que é manha, não acreditam... Mas a gente sempre acha que cada crise é diferenteda outra e sempre queremos que a família compreenda isso (Iara). No entanto, a situação que mais encontramos entre os integrantes do grupo foi de receberem apoio da família, contribuindopara a superação de dificuldades e sentirem-se confortados pelos seus familiares, como pode ser observado no depoimento que segue: Minha mãe me compreende, protege até demais...meu marido mecompreende muito, a família reanima a gente; ela não deixa eu me entregar (Flávia). As relações familiares são consideradas como influenciando a qualidade de vida das pessoas(3,7), uma vez que poder contar com a compreensão e o respeito à suas limitações ajudará na conquista deuma vida mais harmônica. Assim, a convivência harmônica em família, a possibilidade de trocarem informações, de se conhecerem cada vez mais, foi destacada por algumas pessoas, como mostra o depoimentode Mara: Nos reunimos meia hora por semana para discutirmos o que precisa ser mudado. Ali eu aprendo muita coisa e cada dia eu conheço um pouquinhomais minha família, a gente aprende com eles (Mara). B) Contribuição do grupo de convivência para a melhoria da qualidade de vida A partir da concepção que qualidade de vida inclui satisfação com domínios da vida, procuramos compreender como o grupo de convivência contribui para melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas que dele participaram. Foram discutidos diferentes temas no grupo, que teve como princípios orientadores de seu desenvolvimento: - promoção da livre expressão de idéias; - respeito pelos saberes e experiências de cadaum; - estímulo e participação de cada integrante na condução do grupo; - valorização de cada depoimento; - promoção do apoio mútuo. Esse desenvolvimento foi permeado pela criação de dinâmicas de grupo que motivaram as pessoas a manifestarem seus sentimentos, crenças, opiniões e promoveram a discussão de temas sobre o viver com doença respiratória, relacionando com qualidadede vida. Analisando esses princípios, percebemos que foram essenciais, para que pudéssemos avaliar positivamente o grupo deconvivências como definitório para que cumprisse sua proposta de educação participativa, solidária e que promovesse o crescimento de todos, tanto do ponto de vista da própria convivência com a doença,quanto da expansão de suas possibilidades enquanto seres humanos. Procuramos destacar elementos que foram apresentados com relevância pelas pessoas, no sentido de reconhecerem acontribuição do grupo na promoção de uma vida com mais qualidade, conforme os itens apresentados anteriormente. Identificamos que o grupo de convivência promoveu a aprendizagem de novas habilidades, como pode ser observado nas seguintes falas: As reuniões do grupo são importantes. Nós aprendemos a caminhar, a encontrar outros caminhos. Eu aprendi muito (Sérgio). Aprendi bastante no grupo. Eu me sinto bem aqui, gosto de vir (Iara).Rev Latino-am Enfermagem 2005 janeiro-fevereiro; 13(1):7-14 www.eerp.usp.br/rlaeQualidade de vida na perspectiva... Silva DMGV, Souza SS, Francioni FF, Meirelles BHS." 742 W4281746708.pdf 9 "08/06/2022 12:29 O PROCESSO ADMINISTRA TIVO DISCIPLINAR PERANTE A LEI 8.1 12/90 – ISSN 1678-0817 https://revistaft.com.br/o-processo-administrativo-disciplinar-perante-a-lei-8-1 12-90/ 10/23873). Assim, ressalta-se que a Constituição Federal garante a amplitude mínima de defesa, isto é, um patamar em que o cidadão possa exercer seu direito à alegação, se assim desejar. Veri" 743 W4312125679.pdf 5 "Sustainability 2022 ,14, 16580 6 of 20  Power generation only;  Heat generation only;  Combined heat and power generation. Due to the reduced thermal capacity of the geothermal region with which the modeling of the power plants was implemented, electricity generation became the primary goal. However, it was decided to introduce a specific power plant with an installation for a district heating system (DHS) in order to evaluate the exploitation of the resource in a combined power plant. Four groups of cycles can be distinguished: Case Abbreviation Comment 1. Direct supercritical CO 2cycle D_sCO 2 Figure 3a 2.Indirect sCO 2cycle with ORC (binary cycle)I_sCO 2_ORC Figure 3b 3.Direct supercritical CO 2cycle with cogeneration;D_sCO 2_DHS ADHS located between turbine stages, Figure 4a D_sCO 2_DHS BDHS located after the production well, Figure 4b 4.Direct sCO 2cycle combined with ORCD_sCO 2_ORC ARecovery heat exchanger located before the injection well, Figure 5a D_sCO 2_ORC BRecovery heat exchanger located after the production well, Figure 5b The Direct sCO 2cycle, presented in Figure 3a, represents the simplest cycle for the exploitation of the geothermal resource. This power plant foresees a direct expansion in the dedicated turbine of the sCO 2coming from the geothermal well. After that, the sCO 2is cooled before the injection well, and the heat released to the cooling fluid is not recovered. Due to partial CO 2sequestration (sequestration rate around 5%), an additional CO 2stream supplies the cycle. In the second case (Figure 3b), which shows an indirect sCO 2cycle with the ORC, the electric power is generated only by the expansion in the turbine in the ORC. The sCO 2in the geothermal well works in a closed loop and is used as a hot source to feed the Organic Rankine Cycle via a dedicated heat exchanger. Heat extracted by sCO 2in the reservoir is transferred to the ORC working fluid, which circulates in the cycle containing basic elements: turbine with generator, condenser, and pump. The next two implemented models represent two solutions where the goal is to maximize the recovery of energy that is lost from the sCO 2cycle by cogeneration application. These two configurations are based on the already presented, basic direct sCO 2cycle, which was extended by adding an extra heat exchanger for heat transfer to circulating water in the DHS. Both variants are presented in Figure 4 and the distinction between them relies on the location of the applied heat exchanger. A direct supercritical CO 2cycle with cogeneration combines electricity production with heat generation for the district heating system. In this work, two different arrange- ments were analyzed:  DHS between turbine stages with lower source temperature (Figure 4a);  DHS after outlet production well with higher source temperature (Figure 4b)." 744 W4289524256.pdf 214 "Bibliography 199 formation on carbonaceous grains,” Astronomy and Astrophysics 344, 681–686 (1999). [263]G. Vidali, J. Roser, G. Manicó, V. 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(2003) Melatonin increases glutathione peroxidase" 746 W2619619030.pdf 3 "Avi Brisman: On Narrative and Green Cultural Criminology IJCJ&SD 67 Online version via www.crimejusticejournal.com © 2017 6(2) responsibility and province of individuals (if there is a duty or re sponsibility at all) to protect and preserve nature—the natural environment—our planet and its ecosystems (Brisman and South 2017b). Many of such stories plac e the onus on youth and absolve adults of responsibility for the future of the bios phere: they ask the next generation to instruct the present generation about how to cons ider and act in the interest of future generations. Such processes of ‘adultificati on’ (Hayward 2012, 2013) discharge adults of their intergenerational responsibilit y, while working in tandem with processes of ‘infantilisation’—another Hayward (201 2, 2013) concept— and self‐absorption to augment the risks and threats that jeopa rdise the existence and quality of life for future generations. 3. Highlighting commonalities and differences in post‐apocalyptic or dystopian novels in their depictions of the relat ionship between environment and conflict for the purpose of emphasizing ‘what is at stake and warn us of what is to come if we do not change our ecocidal tendencies’ and underscoring the need for ‘ “alternative stories” (Richardson 1995: 213)—ones that present an imagined future of a healthier Earth and a better world for humanity on this planet’ (Brisman 2015: 303). But these endeavors have been undertaken in the absence of dial ogue with—indeed, without acknowledgment of—narrative criminology. This paper seeks to re ctify this. I turn now to my two key arguments based on Presser and Sandberg’s points (above) ab out the relationship of stories to harmful action. Revealing harmful action, shaping future action As stated in the Introduction, stories can expose how we have c aused environmental degradation, despoliation and destruction—what we might call ‘environmental crime in literature’. Stories can also serve to influence and inspire better relationships with n ature by demonstrating how and why we might engage in more environmentally‐friendly behaviors and the dangers of desisting from those patterns and practices that threaten the long‐term p rospects of humans, nonhumans, animals and the biosphere. While the hope is that investigation s of stories might be conducted for these reasons, irrespective of their relationship to existing o r emerging criminological paradigms, such endeavors extend the range of both narrative criminology a nd green cultural criminology. At the same time, such inquiries might help avoid Aspden and Ha yward’s (2015: 245) concern that narrative criminology ‘deteriorate into a poststructural l anguage game concerned only with stories about reality and not reality itself’. 1) Narratives or stories can reveal how we have instigated or sustained harmful action with respect to the environment, as well as portray a world suffering from the failure to effect desistance from harmful action. According to Sandberg (2010: 448), ‘[w]hether true or false, th e multitude of stories people tell r e f l e c t , a n d h e l p u s u n d e r s t a n d , t h e c o m p l e x n a t u r e o f v a l u e s , identities, cultures, and communities’ (see also 2010: 455). Allhoff and Buciak (2013: 23 2) assert that ‘[f]ictional work can be seen as a mirror of society, its fears and hopes’, what I might call ‘narrative as reflection’. But sometimes the mirror gets cruddy. What we need is some non‐ toxic, ecologically‐friendly surface cleaner. As Delgado (19 89: 2440) observes, ‘[s]tories h umanize us. They emphasize our differences in ways that can ultimately bring us closer togethe r. They allow us to see how the world looks from behind someone else’s spectacles. They challen ge us to wipe off our own lenses and ask, “Could I have been overlooking something all along?”’ Unlike other types of crime and harm, when it comes to the environment, we do not often know th at (a) harm has occurred—it is not visible—and, if (a) harm has occurred, whether it is part o f the cost of doing business and/or rises to the level of ‘crime’ (see, for example, Brisman 2008, 2014b; South and Brisman 2013;" 747 W2945541133.pdf 9 "Ji et al. ssVEP-fMRI Integration The work is important to neurorobotics for several reasons: (1) This approach could be used to examine a wide range of hypotheses regarding the neurophysiology of visual cortex an d its function for biological and artificial systems, (2) it pro vides a means to conduct the multi-modal information fusion and correlationanalysistorecovertheunderlyingneurophysio logical mechanisms, and (3) the core idea of the approach are inspiring for other brain data processing and the knowledge can be transferredtootherapplicationsaswell. ETHICS STATEMENT All procedures were approved by the institutional review board of the University of Florida and were consistent with the Declaration of Helsinki on studies with humanparticipants.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS All authors had full access to all the data in the study and tak e responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy o f thedataanalysis.AKandHJ:conceptualization.HJ,ZY,andAK: methodology.HJandNP:investigation.NP:formalanalysis .HJ, AK,andBC:writing.BCandAK:supervision.BC,NZ,andAK: fundingacquisition. FUNDING This work was supported by 973 Program 2015CB351703 and NationalNaturalScienceFoundationGrant91648208toBCan d by National Institute of Mental Health grants R01 MH112558 and R01 MH097320 to AK. The funding sources had no involvementinthestudydesign. REFERENCES Acharjee, P. P., Phlypo, R., Wu, L., Calhoun, V. D., and Adalı, T. (2015). Independent vector analysis for gradient artifact remova l in concurrent eeg-fmri data. IEEE Trans. Biomed. 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Neural signatures of human fear condit ioning: an updated and extended meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Mol. Psychiatry 21:500. doi:10.1038/mp.2015.88 Herrmann, C. S., and Debener, S. (2008). Simultaneous recording of EE G and BOLD responses: a historical perspective. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 67, 161–168. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.06.006 Huang, N. E. (2014). Hilbert-Huang Transform and Its Applications, Vol. 16 . Singapore:WorldScientific. Hyvarinen, A. (1999). Fast and robust fixed-point algorithms for independent component analysis. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 10, 626–634. doi:10.1109/72.761722 Frontiers in Neurorobotics | www.frontiersin.org 10 May 2019 | Volume 13 | Article 24" 748 W3192297034.pdf 1 "laboratory testing such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) may provide additional support, but lack the sensi- tivity and specificity for definitive diagnosis [ 1,4]. Case presentation A ten-year-old African-American female presented to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic in referral from her primary care provider for evaluation of bilateral eyelid swelling, tearing and itching for approximately one month. Her past medical history included premature birth, jejunal atresia with resection and jejuno-ileal pri- mary anastomosis, short gut syndrome, asthma, and mild eczema. The patient ’s birth history was complicated by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive test- ing of her mother, but with normal prenatal ultrasounds and negative congenital HIV testing, and was otherwise uncomplicated. Her family history included allergic rhin- itis and asthma in her mother, and there was no known family history of sarcoidosis or granulomatous disease. The patient ’s asthma was first suspected when she pre- sented at seven months old with wheezing and cough that responded well to albuterol concerning for reactive airway disease. She is now followed by a pediatric pul- monologist for moderate persistent asthma with pul- monary function tests that revealed a moderate obstruction pattern with normal lung volumes and dif- fusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide. She is treated with an inhaled corticosteroid for asthma control and albuterol as needed for symptom exacerbation. Her presenting ophthalmologic exam was notable for bilateral papillary conjunctivitis and mild superficial ker- atopathy, as well as mild boggy lid edema. She was started on ketotifen fumarate and artificial tears for pre- sumed allergic conjunctivitis. Five months later at her follow-up exam, she had persistent symptoms and exam with giant papillary reaction of the palpebral conjunctiva of both upper eyelids. Upon referral to an allergist, she was found to have normal serum IgE level, and skin test- ing did not identify a likely allergen exposure. She had been diagnosed with eczema clinically in the past by her primary care provider and was confirmed by allergist. In- flammatory markers were elevated including sedimenta- tion rate 38 mm/hr. (reference range 0 –20 mm/hr) and C-reactive protein 4.18 mg/dL (reference range 0 –1 mg/ dL); however, serum ACE and lysozyme were normal, and chest radiograph did not reveal hilar lymphadenop- athy. At this point, the worsening palpebral reaction and overall picture including history of atopic disease were felt to best support a diagnosis of vernal keratoconjunc- tivitis. She was started on a topical regimen including corticosteroid, olopatadine and tacrolimus ointment with mild improvement in lid swelling. She was next seen approximately 6 weeks later when she presented to the pediatric emergency departmentwith significant worsening of bilateral upper eyelid swell- ing (Fig. 1). Her exam continued to demonstrate giant papillary reaction temporally in the bilateral superior palpebral conjunctiva. Of note, the upper lid swelling was much more pronounced than at previous visits and the lacrimal glands were palpable bilaterally. She had continued to use topical steroid, tacrolimus, and artificial tears, but had discontinued olopatadine as she had min- imal to no itching. Decision was made to pursue tissue diagnosis by obtaining a lacrimal gland biopsy. She was also referred to pediatric rheumatology for evaluation as she complained of joint pains at her emergency depart- ment visit. The onset of the joint pain was around the same time as the patient ’s swollen eyelids, however there was no joint effusion, limitation, or tenderness on exam. Subsequent radiographs of bilateral ankles and elbows also showed no joint effusion or signs of chronic arth- ritis. Exam did show bilateral flexible pes planus which likely contributed to patient ’s lower extremity pain with high impact weight-bearing activity. She had dry skin on exam without ichthyosiform cutaneous manifestations that can be seen in children with sarcoidosis [ 2]. There were no discrete lesions or papules, and thus skin biopsy was not pursued. There was also no unexplained fever, weakness, alopecia, sicca symptoms, or oral ulcers by history or exam. Extensive lab evaluation showed nor- mal/negative complete blood count, liver, kidney, and thyroid function, creatine kinase, complement studies (C3, C4, CH50), anti-nuclear antibody, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, and urinalysis. Sedimentation rate was persistently elevated at 25 mm/hr. Genetic testing for the NOD2 gene mutation associated with Blau syn- drome was not performed due to lack of uveitis, rash, and arthritis seen in this disease. Eight months after initial presentation, biopsy of the right lacrimal gland was performed in an anterior trans- septal fashion through the temporal upper lid crease. Histopathologic evaluation of the lacrimal gland speci- men demonstrated chronic-appearing inflammatory changes with poorly-formed noncaseating granulomas and widespread destruction of normal acini and gland structures. Staining for CD68 marker for epithelioid cells Fig. 1 Photograph of our patient showing bilateral temporal upper eyelid swellingPowell et al. Pediatric Rheumatology (2021) 19:117 Page 2 of 6" 749 W2793689900.pdf 4 "fpls-09-00181 February 15, 2018 Time: 16:26 # 5 Chen et al. AtEMB1990 in Chloroplast and Embryo inemb1990-1/C mutant harbors the Basta (Bas) resistance gene, which facilitated segregation analysis of the mutant alleles. Progenies of self-pollinated emb1990-1/C mutant segregate in a 2:1 ratio of Bas-resistant to Bas-sensitive (Table 2), the expected theoretical ratio for heterozygous to wild-type plants when the homozygous emb1990-1 embryos were lethal (Meinke et al., 2008). We then performed reciprocal crosses with emb1990-1/C to wild-type plants, and analyzed the segregation of Bas resistance in the progenies. The result showed that transmission efficiencies of both female and male gametophytes in emb1990/C mutants were normal (Table 2), indicating that knock out of EMB1990 did not affect the capacity of gametophytes. To confirm the seed abortion in emb1990 mutants was caused by the disruption of EMB1990, genetic complementation was applied to test whether the white ovules could be rescued. A genomic fragment of EMB1990/YLMG1-1, including the 943 bp gene sequence and 609 bp upstream of the ATG codon, was introduced into both mutants. Then PCR screening and phenotypic analysis in the T2 progeny of the complementation lines showed that no aborted seeds were observed in homozygous emb1990 mutants (Figures 1E,F and Supplementary Figures S1E,F). These results confirmed that EMB1990/YLMG1-1 was responsible for the seed abortion in corresponding mutants, indicating the EMB1990/YLMG1-1 gene is essential for seed formation in Arabidopsis. Morphological Development of Homozygous emb1990 Embryo Is Disrupted after the Globular Stage To investigate the mechanisms of seed abortion in the emb1990 heterozygous mutants, we examined ovule development inemb1990-1/C and emb1990-2/C mutants compared with wild-type plant, through a whole mount clearing technique. We found no obvious differences between wild-type and emb1990/C embryos from the zygote up to the early globular stage (Supplementary Figure S2). Embryogenesis in wild- type continued to follow the programmed stages successively: globular, transition, heart, torpedo and curled cotyledon. Meanwhile in the white ovule of emb1990, embryo development was trapped at the globular stage (Figure 2), and the abnormal shape of the arrested emb1990 embryo became more severe following the course of development. When wild-type embryos reached the bent-cotyledon stage, the emb1990 embryos were still unable to develop beyond the globular stage, and instead displayed abnormal cell division and shape alterations with no formation of shoot apical meristem or cotyledonous primordium (Figures 2F,L,R).These results indicate that morphological development of a homozygous emb1990 embryo is disrupted after the globular stage, thus Arabidopsis embryogenesis requires the function of the EMB1990/YLMG1-1 gene. TheEMB1990/YLMG1-1 Is Expressed Widely in a Variety of Tissues and Organs To investigate the expression pattern of the EMB1990/YLMG1-1 gene, quantitative PCR was performed to evaluate its relative transcription levels in various Arabidopsis tissues, with GAPDH applied as the reference gene. The results showed that EMB1990/YLMG1-1 was expressed at different levels in nearly all examined tissues, including the vegetative and reproductive organs. The relative expression levels were most abundant in inflorescences and siliques, whereas the lowest transcript expression was detected in mature root, stem and leaf tissue (Figure 3A). To further analyze the spatial expression pattern, the EMB1990/YLMG1-1 promoter was fused with a b-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter to monitor its expression in Arabidopsis transgenic plants (pYLMG1-1::GUS). In the open flower, strong GUS signals were detected in sepals, filaments and stigmas, while the young flower bud in the inflorescence showed little signal compared to the flower after fertilization (Figures 3B,C). In 7DAG and 14DAG seedlings, the GUS staining was clearly observed in the shoot meristem, hypocotyl, root and vascular bundles of cotyledons, as well as in the veins of mature leaves (Figures 3D–F). In addition, we generated pYLMG1- 1::YLMG1-1-Venus transgenic plants to evaluate the expression during embryo development. Fluorescence observation showed that no Venus signal could be detected at the early globular stage. After that stage, the Venus fluorescence was primarily observed in the cotyledon primordia of embryos in the heart stage, especially distributed on the paraxial side of embryo cotyledon primordia at the torpedo and bent cotyledon stage (Figures 3G–J). This expression pattern of EMB1990/YLMG1-1 during embryo development was associated with the defective embryo phenotype after the globular stage in emb1990 mutants. EMB1990/AtYLMG1-1 Is Localized in the Chloroplast The SUBA database (The Subcellular Localization of Proteins in Arabidopsis Database2) was used for the prediction of EMB1990/YLMG1-1 exclusive targeting to the plastid (Hooper et al., 2017). Work by Kabeya et al., 2010 also revealed that 2http://suba.live/ TABLE 2 | Genetic transmission analysis of emb1990-1 inArabidopsis. Female Male BASTARBASTASBASTAR/BASTASTE (Female) TE (Male) emb1990-1/C emb1990-1/C 1007 486 2.07:1 NA NA emb1990-1/CC/C 772 734 1.05:1 104.6% NA C/C emb1990-1/C 693 708 0.98:1 NA 97.9% BASTAR, BASTA-resistant; BASTAS, BASTA-sensitive; TE, transmission efficiency D(BASTAR/BASTAS)100%; NA, not applicable. Frontiers in Plant Science | www.frontiersin.org 5 February 2018 | Volume 9 | Article 181" 750 W1105054751.pdf 1 "Accepted Manuscript Title: Gastroretentive montmorillonite-tetracycline nanoclay for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection Author: Valentina Iannuccelli Eleonora Maretti Monia Montorsi Cecilia Rustichelli Francesca Sacchetti Eliana Leo PII: S0378-5173(15)30019-3 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.049Reference: IJP 15024 To appear in: International Journal of Pharmaceutics Received date: 17-3-2015 Accepted date: 25-6-2015 Please cite this article as: Iannuccelli, Valentina, Maretti, Eleonora, Montorsi, Monia, Rustichelli, Cecilia, Sacchetti, Francesca, Leo, Eliana, Gastroretentive montmorillonite-tetracycline nanoclay for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.InternationalJournal of Pharmaceutics http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.049 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript.The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofbefore it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers thatapply to the journal pertain." 751 W3014060577.pdf 0 "Zhang  et al. BMC Chemistry (2020) 14:20 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-020-00670-w RESEARCH ARTICLE Effects of temperature and shear on the structural, thermal and pasting properties of different potato flour Ke Zhang, Yang Tian, Chenglong Liu and Wentong Xue* Abstract Background: The properties of potato flour will be different due to different processing parameters, which will affect their processing adaptability. In this paper, different potato flour were investigated to determine viscoelastic properties and structural transformation using thermodynamics, rheological and spectrum methods. Potato flour was prepared by drying at different temperature after soaking in citric acid, microwave and steamed respectively. The treated samples were dried by hot air and then compared with the freeze-dried potato flour. Four kinds of potato flour showed different properties after shearing at high temperature. Results: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results revealed that potato flour with low gelatinization had lower enthalpy and faster melting process than freeze-dried potato powder. RVA and texture results showed that potato flour with low gelatinization had the best retrogradation property and the stable gel. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that the crystalline properties of different potato flour after shearing at high temperature were the same. In addition, low gelatinization potato flour presented a crystalline structure or strong internal order. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed that high temperature and shearing mainly caused δ-deformation of O–H in intact potato granules. Conclusion: Freeze drying and hot air drying at low temperature made potato flour had better gel stability than microwave and steamed treatment. Hot air drying at low temperature made potato flour had good retrogradation after hot shearing, which was more conducive to the formation of hot-processed products. Keywords: Potato flour, Thermodynamics, Pasting properties, Structure, Texture © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://crea- tivecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdo - main/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Introduction Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an annual herb of Sola - naceae, its fresh tubers can be eaten after simple pro - cessing. As one of the world’s major food crops, potato contains ascorbic acid, phenolic substances and other important active ingredients [1, 2]. However, high water content and metabolic activity lead to short shelf life and high storage cost, and limit the promotion of potatoes. Processing fresh potatoes into dried whole flour or starch can effectively solve this problem. Potato flour is one of dehydrated potato products. Granular, chip or powder products are prepared with fresh potatoes. The tradi - tional processing technology includes cleaning, peeling, selection, slicing, dehydration and drying [3, 4]. The qual - ity of potato flour is affected by processing method and parameters. Several methods have been used in potato flour by various authors to characterize the relationship between processing technology and product properties. Browning of fresh potato during processing is an important factor affecting the quality of dry potato flour, which can be divided into enzymatic browning and non-enzymatic browning. Enzymatic browning makes Open AccessBMC Chemistry *Correspondence: xwt@cau.edu.cn College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China" 752 W4242028774.pdf 3 "Influence of using abrasive particles on Surface hardness of free cutting brass in ball burnishing process 11 Journal of Production and Industrial Eng ineering www.rame.org.in hardness achiev ed is 88 BHN which is higher than turned sample hardness. Maximum hardness is achieved at 25 kgf force where the deformation of peaks and valleys seam s to prominent. TABLE IV. HARDNESS OF BRASS BURNISHED USING FINE ABRASIVE PARTICLES Burnishing force, kgf 1st 2nd Average 5 78.00 74.00 76.00 10 81.00 80.00 80.50 15 80.00 79.00 79.50 20 87.00 85.00 86.00 25 88.00 88.00 88.00 7075808590 5 10 15 20 25Brinell hardness, BHN Burnishing force, kgf Figure 5. Burnishing force Vs. BHN (Brass) C. Effect of using medium size abrasive particles on hardness of brass The experiments are carried out with the addition of medium size abrasive particles in this condition on brass workpiece. The various of le vel of burnishing force used during the ball burnishing process and hardness values are given in Table 5 and other parameters such a s burnishing speed, feed and number of passes are kept at constant level. As observed from the Fig 6 and table V the hardne ss value is found to be fluctuating as burnishing force increases. According to this value for medium abrasive workpiece burnished surface is 7.53% hardened then the turned surface. TABLE V. HARDNESS OF BRASS BURNISHED USING MEDIUM ABRASIVE PARTICLES Burnishing force, kgf 1st 2nd Average 5 76.00 80.00 78.00 10 81.00 83.00 82.00 15 82.00 80.00 81.00 20 88.00 84.00 86.00 25 88.00 85.00 87.00 Fi gure 6. Burnishing force Vs. BHN (Brass) V. CONCLUSIONS The following are the conclusio ns of this project work; 1. Hardness of a turned brass specimen was 75 BHN and improved to 89 BHN during dry ball improving hardness by 18.67% with respect to turned sample. 2. In fine abrasive particle used ball burnishing, the hardness improved by 17.3 3% with respect to turned sample 3. Using medium abrasive particle the hardness can be improved to 87 BHN which is 16% greater turned sample. 4. Use of abrasive particles neither improved hardness beyond the level of dry burnishing condition and nor decrea sed the hardness than turned sample. Hence, more studies are requiring to establish the role of abrasives in burnishing process 5. The higher level of f orce i.e. 25 kgf have proved to improve the hardness higher than any other level of forces" 753 W2962732319.pdf 5 "Parents of children with overweight and obesity reported more concern with regard to their child’s weight. Although our study did not indicate that overweight and obese children experience more health conditions (e.g. asthma symptoms, allergies), several health conditions are reported to be potentially associated with overweight and obesity (e.g. type 2 diabetes, sleep problems) [32]. Hypothetically, parents and children may have visited the GP for conditions unmeasured in the current study. Also, the smaller number of children with specific conditions may have created a lack of power to detect an effect of weight status in the current study. Nevertheless, other researchers have reported that parents are more aware and likely to identify the overweight of their 6-year-old child, compared to parents with younger children, and therefore concern with regard to the child’s weight may have increased among these parents [33]. Associations between Underweight and Health Outcomes Underweight children had slightly higher odds for being treated adversely compared to normal weight children. Two studies reported that adverse treatment was associated with both underweight and overweight [13] [15]. Although their results indicate that the odds for experiencing adverse treatment are much greater for overweight/obese children compared to the odds for underweight children, future studies will need to include underweight as a separate subgroup to further explore theassociations with health outcomes. Parents of underweight children reported slightly higher odds for higher levels of concern compared to parents of normal weight children. Also, a higher frequency of GP visits and lower scoring on the general health scale of the Child Health Questionnaire at age 7 years was observed. Hypothetically, underweight children may be more prone to seasonal diseases (such as influenza or a cold) which may partly explain the increased risk for visits to the GP and the overall lower scores on general health. Although we observed some interesting associations between underweight in children and parent-reported health outcomes, these associations are to be interpreted with caution. We, for example, did not measure whether these children had specific diseases during preschool. Because children with relative under- weight may develop a normal weight when they grow older [34], longitudinal data needs to provide more insight in weight patterns of these children. Health care practitioners may be attentive to health problems associated with childhood underweight so that appropriate advice can be given; however, more research is needed before reliable advice with regard to counseling for underweight children and their parents can be given. Associations between Weight Status Trajectories and Health Outcomes Our study indicates that children with an increasing BMI between the age of 5 and 7 years have higher odds for being treated adversely and feeling insecure, as also reported by other studies [18,19,20]. Weight patterns have been associated with lower school functioning among elementary school-aged children [35]. The association between weight patterns and lower school functioning has been found to be mediated by internalizing factors (e.g. loneliness, low self-esteem) [35,36]. This emphasizes the need to develop and evaluate appropriate interventions for overweight/ obese children at young ages to prevent further decreases in school performance, social participation, health outcomes and quality of life. Also, the pathways and environmental characteristics through which health outcomes are affected by overweight or obesity needfurther clarification; qualitative studies are required to gain moreinsight into these mechanisms. Combining multiple resources, such as child, parent report and teacher reports, or performingobservational studies, may help to elucidate the associationbetween weight and health outcomes. Based on the methods used in other studies we categorized children in weight status trajectories using the international cutoffvalues at age 5 and age 7 years, which may result in a relativelycrude categorization [35,36]. Children may decrease or increasewithin a weight category, but not reach the criterion to becategorized in another weight category. We explored whether gainin BMI was associated with higher risk for adverse psychosocialoutcomes (data not shown). Children that gained BMI had ahigher risk for being treated adversely and feeling insecure at age7, as reported by their parents. Also, parents reported moreconcern with regard to their child’s weight. Considering thephysical outcomes, children had a higher parent-reported OR forhaving one or more health conditions or visits to the GP when theygained BMI between age 5 and 7. This is in line with the results weobserved using the trajectories approach for high stable andincreasing weight status. Longitudinal studies having access tomultiple BMI measures may be able to create individual pathwaysof BMI development using statistical models [37,38,39]. Theselongitudinal trajectories or developmental pathways may revealmore distinct patterns of for example, late or early onset BMI gain,and can be related to health outcomes [37,38,39]. Methodological Considerations Strengths of this study include the large sample size, the ability to create subgroups based on the international cut-off values forBMI, inclusion of a large group of underweight children and theavailability of data at child age 5 years and child age 7 years. Limitations include the missing data at child age 7 years and parents self-report of the children’s health outcomes. Also, mothersof children with complete outcome measures differ from motherswith missing outcome data; however, this does not necessarilyinfluence the associations under study. With regard to the itemsused to measure psychosocial health outcomes of the child, thesehave not been examined with regard to validity and reliability.Additional analyses (data not shown) were performed to gaininsight in the validity of the items used. These analyses showedthat normal weight mothers reported a higher OR for theiroverweight or obese child to be treated adversely and feel insecure,normal weight mothers also reported more concern for theiroverweight or obese child compared to normal weight children(data not shown). Nevertheless, we recommend future research toevaluate the validity and reliability of the items measuringpsychosocial health outcomes. The use of parent self-report may have led to over- or underestimation of the children’s health outcomes and needs tobe taken into account when interpreting the findings. Measures ofdepression and self-esteem of the child were not included in thequestionnaire because of the already reasonably high respondentburden. Although child report may have provided more accurateestimates of consequences on health outcomes, measuringconcepts such as self-esteem and depression is known to bechallenging among young children [40]. Also, at younger age self-concept indicators, such as teasing and insecurity, may be moreinformative compared to self-esteem questionnaires due to thedevelopmental stage of the children [40]. Conclusions In conclusion, parents reported their overweight, obese and underweight children to be more often treated adversely or feelinsecure due to their weight. Parents of overweight, obese andPediatric Overweight and Health Outcomes PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 6 June 2013 | Volume 8 | Issue 6 | e67383" 754 W3179962386.pdf 14 "70 R. B. A. Campos and C. Azzoni References Ahlfeldt, G. M., Redding, S. J., Sturm, D. M., and Wolf, N. (2016). The Economics of Density: Evidence from the Berlin Wall. Econometrica 83(6) , 2127–2189. Alonso, W. (1964). Location and Land Use . Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Anas, A., and Kim, I. (1996). General Equilibrium Models of Polycentric Urban Land Use with Endogenous Congestion and Job Agglomeration. Journal of Urban Economics 28(1) , 318– 325. Anas, A., Arnott, R., and Small, K. A. (1998). Urban Spatial Structure. Journal of Economic Literature 36(3) , 1426–1464. Beckmann,M.J.(1974).SpatialEquilibriumintheHousingMarket. Journal of Urban Economics 1(1), 99–107. Bender, B., and Hwang, H. (1985). Hedonic Housing Price Indices and Secondary Employment Centers. Journal of Urban Economics l(17) , 90-107. Bowman, A. W., and Azzalini, A. (1997). Applied Smoothing Techniques for Data Analysis: The Kernel Approach with S-Plus Illustrations . Oxford: Oxford Science Publications. Campos, R. B. A. (2018). Subcentralidades e prêmio salarial intra-urbano na região metropoli- tana de São Paulo. São Paulo: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia; Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade; Universidade de São Paulo. (Tese de Doutorado). Campos, R. B. A., and Azzoni, R. C. (2020). Dispersão concentrada do emprego: uma incursão sobre os modelos teóricos e abordagens empíricas. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos 13(4) , 606–627. Castells, M., Hall, P., and Hall, P. G. (1994). Technopoles of the World: the Making of Twenty- First-Century Industrial Complexes. London, New York: Routledge. Craig, S. G., and Ng, P. T. (2001). Using Quantile Smoothing Splines to Identify Employment Subcenters in a Multicentric Urban Area. Journal of Urban Economics 49(1) , 100–120. Duranton, G., andPuga, D.(2015).UrbanLandUse.InG.Duranton, J.V.HendersonandW.C. Strange (Eds.), Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics (pp. 467–560). Amsterdam: Elsevier. Ewing, R. H., Pendall, R., and Chen, D. D. T. (2002). Measuring Sprawl and its Impacts. Smart Growth America (technical report). Fotheringham, A. A., Brunsdon, C., and Charlton, M. (2000). Quantitative Geography: Perspec- tives on Spatial Data Analysis . London: Sage. Fotheringham, A. A., Brunsdon, C., and Charlton, M. (2002). Geographically Weighted Regres- sion: the analysis of spatially varying relationship . New York: Wiley. Fujita, M. (1988). A Monopolistic Competition Model of Spatial Agglomeration: Differentiated Products Approach. Regional Science and Urban Economics 18(1) , 87–124. Fujita, M., and Ogawa, H. (1982). Multiple Equilibria and Structural Transition of Non- Monocentric Urban Configurations. Regional Science and Urban Economics 12(2) , 161– 191. " 755 W2972542232.pdf 10 "losis with high sensitivity, and batch-to-batch variability can be corrected through batch-specific analysis using tuberculosis-negative sputum controls. DISCUSSION We report evaluation of BlaC as a biomarker that is conserved within the tubercu- losis complex for rapid diagnosis. The unique characteristics of the BlaC active site,constitutive expression, and conservation in the tuberculosis complex make it anexcellent biomarker ( 48–50). The REFtb assay requires no processing and can be accomplished in 10 min. We show that the CDG-3 probe represents a substantialimprovementoverotherprobesinthatitisstableandshowsnegligiblecross-reactivitywith other bacteria. Very small amounts of CDG-3 can be used in these assays, makingREFtb a very inexpensive test, expected to cost less than a dollar per sample. Afford-ability and simplicity make REFtb a promising option for POC use that would allowmore TB cases to be identified. Examination of 160 clinical specimens from suspectedtuberculosis-infected patients yielded a high sensitivity and specificity of 88.1% and86.1%, respectively, obtained from ROC analyses with high statistical significance(P/H110050.0002) and correct predictive value. These observations suggest REFtb is more sensitive than smear microscopy, which has a sensitivity of 20 to 80% ( 4). The negative predictivevalueofREFtbis93%( P/H110210.0001),suggestingthatfewcasesaremissedand emphasizing its potential for use as a rapid triage test. These values for specificity andsensitivity are directly in line with recommendations from the WHO for a biomarker-based triage test to identify suspected TB patients ( 71). We are particularly excited by the observation that REFtb can detect the majority of smear-negative cases that wouldbe missed in diagnosis prior to obtaining culture results, since about 17% of tubercu-losistransmissionisthoughttooccurfromthesepatients( 72).ImplementationofREFtbTABLE 2 Sensitivity and specificity of the reporter enzyme fluorescence diagnostic assay Group (no. of samples)a% Female (no.)bS/H11545,C/H11545(no.)cS/H11546,C/H11545(no.)dSpecificity (no.)e Age range 15–25 (11) 18.1 (2) 0 (1) 0 (0) 100 (10)26–35 (33) 51.5 (17) 57.1 (7) 87.5 (8) 89 (18)36–45 (38) 31.6 (12) 100 (11) 80 (5) 68 (22) f 46–55 (26) 19.2 (5) 100 (6) 66.6 (3) 76 (17)g 56–65 (37) 40.5 (15) 100 (7) 100 (6) 75 (24)h /H1102265 (15) 60.0 (9) 100 (3) 100 (2) 100 (10) Sex Male (100) 0.0 (100) 92 (25) 93.3 (15) 82 (60)Female (60) 100 (60) 80 (10) 77.7 (9) 81 (41) Total no. (160) 37.5 (60) 89 (35) 87.5 (24) 82 (101) aClinical samples were divided into groups by age and sex to evaluate whether any of these differences impact the performance of the tuberculosis reporter enzyme fluorescent (REFtb) diagnostic assay. The totalnumber of samples (n) in each group is shown in parentheses. bThe percentage of female patients within the group. The number of samples in this group that were from female patients is shown in parentheses. cSensitivity of the REFtb assay versus smear-positive (S /H11001) and culture-positive (C /H11001) samples calculated as the number of positives by REFtb divided by the number of positives by both smear and culture times 100 tomake a percentage. The number (no.) of samples in this group that were smear positive and culturepositive is shown in parentheses. dSensitivity of the REFtb assay versus smear-negative (S /H11002) and culture-positive samples calculated as the number of positives by REFtb divided by the number of positives by culture only times 100 to make apercentage. The number of samples in this group that were smear negative and culture positive is shownin parentheses. eSpecificity of the REFtb assay-negative samples versus samples negative by both smear and culture calculated as the number of negatives by REFtb divided by the number of negatives by both smear andculture times 100 to make a percentage. The number of samples in this group that were both smear andculture negative is shown in parentheses. Pvalues calculated using Boschloo’s exact test compared to the specificity of the /H1102265 age group. fP/H110050.02. gP/H110050.06. hP/H110050.05.Tuberculosis Diagnosis with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence Journal of Clinical Microbiology December 2019 Volume 57 Issue 12 e01462-19 jcm.asm.org 11" 756 W2912241675.pdf 2 "www.nature.com/scientificreports/3 SCiENtifiC REPORTS | (2019) 9:249 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-36971-3Inoculated plants maintained greater soil moisture but were less drought tolerant than con- trols. After germination, the inoculated group maintained significantly greater soil moisture than controls from day 19 through day 102 (P < 0.05, Fig.  2, Table  1) during the entire well-watered growth period and during moderate drought. The inoculated plants, however, exhibited lower drought tolerance than controls as indicated by the significantly less negative (i.e. greater) turgor loss point (ΨTLP) of inoculated plants compared to controls (P = 0.017, Table  2). Prior to day 19, soil moisture did not significantly differ between the inoculated and control groups. Soil moisture of both the control and inoculated groups rapidly declined after drought began on day 99 until soil moisture of both groups declined to zero by day 118. After the experiment ended on day 132, soil chemistry (C, C:N, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, N, NO 3-N, organic matter, P , pH, Zn) and foliar N content did not significantly differ between groups (P > 0.05, Supplementary Table S2). Inoculated plants exhibited greater photosynthesis (A ) before soil moisture declined to zero but lower stomatal conductance (gs) after soil moisture declined to zero. A of the inoculated group was significantly greater than that of controls during moderate drought on days 104 and 112 (P = 0.014, 0.030), and mean A of the inoculated group during the entire moderate drought period before soil mois- ture declined to zero (days 99–117, yellow background, Fig.  3) was significantly greater than that of controls (P = 0.027). After day 118, mean gs of the inoculated group during the entire severe drought period after soil moisture declined to zero (days 118–131, pink background, Fig.  3) was significantly lower than that of controls GerminationRoot:shoot biomassSoil moisture contentPhotosynthesis (A)Stomatal conductance (g s)Wilting scorePredawn leaf water potential Treatment 0.051 0.97 0.014 0.71 0.75 0.30 0.96 Day <0.0001 0.0009 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 Treatment x Day0.020 0.72 <0.0001 0.01 0.03 0.75 0.15 Table 1. Summary of P-values from linear mixed effects models describing the effects of treatment, day, and the interaction (treatment x day) on germination, soil moisture, photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), wilting score, and predawn leaf water potential. Significant values at P ≤ 0.05 are bolded. Controls Inoculated Height (cm) 12.3 ± 0.40* 14.1 ± 0.25* ΨTLP (bars) −14.8 ± 0.61* −12.8 ± 0.32* Vcmax 37.9 ± 9.1 44.7 ± 6.2 Jmax 34.8 ± 2.8 34.1 ± 1.4 Rd −0.0034 ± 0.5 −0.73 ± 0.3 Table 2. Physiological measurements of the control and inoculated groups during the well-waterd period before drought was imposed. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between controls and inoculated groups at P ≤ 0.05. All values are expressed as means ± SE. Turgor loss point (ΨTLP), maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax), maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax), and dark respiration (Rd). Figure 2. Soil moisture of control and inoculated groups. Asterisks indicate significant differences between control and inoculated groups at P ≤ 0.05. All values are expressed as means ± SE. The well-watered period includes the green, grey, and blue background colors (days 1–98; (green = germination, blue = gas exchange measurements), yellow indicates the moderate drought period before soil moisture declined to zero (days 99–117), and pink indicates the severe drought period after soil moisture declined to zero (days 118–131)." 757 W4289533584.pdf 3 " Revista Moinhos, vol.10, ano 5, 2021, Tangará da Serra – MT. 96 aprendizagem significativa. A sequência básica é capaz de formar o leitor crítico, pois esse procedimento metodológico é dividido em etapas que têm, como intuito, a construção do conhecimento prévio através da motivação e da introdução. A leitura é o momento de pensar, recapitular, relacionar conhecimentos de mundo ou enciclopédico e, na interpretação, ocorre a materialização da compreensão com a produção, que faz parte da etapa final. A trajetória das atividades de leitura e produção de poemas foi planejada em quatro etapas, denominadas no projeto como módulos, conforme explicitado anteriormente. O projeto ação foi desenvolvido na 2° fase do 3° ciclo (7°ano) B, no ano de 2016, da Escola Estadual André Antônio Maggi, no município de Ipiranga do norte-MT. A turma, no início do projeto, possuía 27 alunos, porém três alunos pediram transferência durante o período em que foram desenvolvidas as atividades, devido ao fluxo que ocorre durante a safra, ficando para a conclusão do projeto 24 alunos. Classificados Poéticos: arte versus realidade Para a aplicação deste módulo, primeiramente os alunos receberam jornais para que recortassem classificados, foram apresentados, também, por meio do projetor multimídia, alguns classificados online. Em seguida, a professora pesquisadora questionou os alunos sobre a função e estrutura do gênero, o que contribuiu para que os alunos pudessem compreender o estilo da autora. A pesquisadora observou que, ao apresentar os classificados, havia uma boa parte dos alunos que não conheciam e nem sabiam a utilidade de um classificado. No momento da introdução os alunos foram encaminhados para o laboratório de informática, onde foi solicitado que visitassem o blog da poetiza e fizessem a leitura do e-book Livros e leituras, de Roseana Murray, livro este que apresenta sua autobiografia. Após a motivação e a introdução, iniciou-se a leitura do livro Classificados Poéticos, realizada em sala de aula. Como os alunos já possuíam conhecimento prévio referente aos gêneros classificados e à poesia, sobre o estilo e a vida da autora, a interpretação da obra ficou mais simples, e assim, até os alunos que diziam não se interessar pela leitura do texto literário se envolveram com a obra. A produção foi dividida em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, foi solicitada aos" 758 W2971598062.pdf 2 "dat de accountant geen verantwoordelijkheid t.o.v. derden aanvaardt? Welke tekst zou hiervoor in het bevestigende geval in aanmerking komen? 4. Kan de openbare accountant voor de kleine onderneming de belastingaangifte verzorgen? Naast deze theoretische vragen werden de volgende praktische vragen vermeld: 1. Uitgaande van de gedachte dat de accountant optreedt bij de kleine onder­neming, mag hij dan, of behoort hij, onder eigen verantwoordelijkheid een belastingconsulent in (te) schakelen?Hoe staat hij tegenover informaties van cliënten m.b.t. hun belastingaangifte? 2. Kan de accountant nuttige adviezen geven in het kleine bedrijf, in aanmer­king nemend dat deze (daar) niet tot het terrein van de administratieve or­ganisatie en de bedrijfseconomie beperkt zullen zijn? 3. Ligt het op de weg van de accountant in de kleine onderneming het aanstellen van een commissaris te propageren? Als afzonderlijk discussiepunt werd tenslotte nog verwezen naar de achter de probleemstelling opgenomen opvattingen in de Engelse en Amerikaanse litera­tuur. De heer Baarsen gaf op vrijdagmorgen een uitgebreide toelichting op de pro­bleemstelling. Daarbij legde hij er de nadruk op - voor degene die de probleem­stelling, zoals hierboven opgesomd, leest, ook van belang - dat er bij punt 1 a priori van uitgegaan is, dat niet tot een goedkeurende verklaring bij de jaarreke­ning kan worden gekomen. Beziet punt 1 de controlekant, in punt 2 is het de advieskant die onder de loupe wordt genomen. In punt 3 is het de niet-goedkeu- rende verklaring waarop het accent werd gelegd; bij de discussies bleek vooral dit punt in het centrum van de belangstelling te staan.Dat de door de heer Baarsen samengestelde probleemstelling in een behoefte heeft voorzien, is gebleken o.m. uit het feit, dat de voor de groepsdiscussie ge­plande tijd (van 11.00-12.30 en van 14.30-17.00, dus 4 uur) voor wat de dis­cussiegroep waar ik me in bevond, en voor althans enkele andere groepen, te kort bleek! Blijkens de groepsverslagen is het zwaartepunt in de discussiegroepen vooral op de beantwoording van de eerste drie vragen gelegd; over de buiten­landse literatuur is nauwelijks van gedachte gewisseld, hetgeen naar mijn mening allerminst is te betreuren.Van de aan het eind van de middag door de rapporteurs samengestelde groeps­verslagen werd op zaterdagochtend een samenvatting gegeven door de Confe- rentieleider, drs. R. Besançon. De heer Besançon ving aan met te wijzen op de actualiteit van het vraagstuk in verband met de aanhangige wettelijke regeling van het accountantswezen. Voorts wees hij op de eenstemmigheid die er bij de groepsdiscussies bleek te hebben bestaan ten aanzien van de noodzaak om, welke weg men ook met de niet-goedkeurende verklaring zou gaan bewandelen, toch het tot dusver moeizaam bereikte niveau in de uitoefening van de accountants- arbeid te handhaven. Geen afbreuk mag worden gedaan aan het begrip dat in het maatschappelijk verkeer tot stand is gekomen over de verantwoordelijkheid, die de accountant met de goedkeurende verklaring dekt. m a b blz. 385 " 759 W4323022800.pdf 1 "2 Tables and Figures: Tables and Figures should not be inserted within the text. They sho uld be listed consecutively after the references in the order in which they were mentioned in the text. All tables should be numbered using Arabic numerals. Supply a caption (title) for each table, explaining the components of the table. Identify any previ ously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption. Figures (graphs, line drawings, line art, maps, photomicrographs, etc) should be identified as “Figs” followed by the appropriate title (e.g. , Fig. 1. Title ). References : In the text the Harvard referencing format (author, date) must be followed. All cited references in the text must appear on the list of references at the end of the paper. List references in alphabetical order, with journal n ame fully written and italicized. Examples Journal citation Ezemonye, L. & Tongo, I. (2010). Acute toxic effects of endosulfan and diazinon pesticides on adult amphibians ( Bufo regularis ). Journal of Environment and Ecotoxicology 2(5): 73 -78. Ophori , E.A., Atanunu, O., Johnny, J.F. & Adu, M.C. (2010). Seroprevalence of syphilis in apparently healthy students from a tertiary institution in Benin City, Nigeria. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 63(6): 437 -439. Books Ogbeibu, A.E. (2005). Biostati stics, A Practical Approach to Research and Data Handling. Mindex Publishing Co. Ltd., Benin, City, Lagos, Abuja, Aba, 264 pp. Chapter in a Book Schotellius, J. & Aisien , M.S.O. (1994). Trypanosome -lectin interactions. In: Lectin -microorganism Interaction s (Doyle, R.J. and Slifkin, M. eds), pp. 225 -247. Marcel Dekker, New York, Basel and Hong Kong. Conference Proceedings Anoliefo, G.O . (2002). Ecological methods of reclamation of oil polluted lands. Proceedings of the Expert Group Meeting on Pollution and Sediment Sources in the Nigerian Inland Waterways and Strategies for their Management. UNDP Sponsored International Conference on St rategies for the Management of Pollution and Sedimentation in the Nigerian Inland Waterways, Lokoja, Nigeria. October, 2324, pp. 255 -267. Theses Edo-Taiwo, O. (2018). Amphibian diversity and parasitic infections in relation to pesticide exposure at Ugboke (plantations and settlement), Ovia South -West LGA, Edo State, Nigeria. Ph.D Thesis, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria NOTE: Other vital instructions to author can be found at: https://unibenlsi.org.ng/index.php/njls/njls for authors" 760 W2811044906.pdf 1 "What wecan and cannot sayabout thefuture climate Uncertainty inclimate change prediction arises from multiple sources: (1)animperfect ability tomeasure and initialize simulations with thecurrent state oftheclimate system, atmospheric greenhouse gas,and aerosol concentrations (`initial conditions'); (2)uncertainty about the anticipated future trajectory ofgreenhouse gasand aerosol emissions; (3)climate model errors leading touncertainty about how theclimate system willrespond tothisexternal forcing; and (4)natural climate variability. Toquantify thelikelihood ofdifferent climate futures, multiple model simulations arerun, which attempt tosample therange ofprediction uncertainty aris- ingfrom these different sources. These simulations assume different emissions trajectories, use arange ofclimate models, and areinitialized using slightly perturbed initial conditions tosee how each ofthese factors contributes tothetotal uncertainty. The spread ofprojected out- comes istaken asanindication oftheuncertainty, and probabilities areassigned tooutcomes according tohow frequently they occur within theensemble. The problem isthat itisimpossi- bletosample thefullrange ofuncertainty within such anensemble ofprojections [8,9]. Differ- ences inprojections among models areexamined closely, buttheensemble ofavailable models isadhocand cannot beexpected toprovide areliable estimate oftherange offutures that might plausibly occur. Moreover, without past testcases over which tocalibrate theensemble projections, itisimpossible toknow whether probabilistic climate change projections arereli- able [8]. These limitations pertain toprojections offuture climate change atanyscale. Obtaining information atlocal scales and atspecific points inthefuture gives risetoanumber ofaddi- tional issues, which areoften overlooked instudies projecting future health impacts. Scientists have high confidence inseveral aspects oflarge-scale climate change, including, forexample, global warming and large-scale temperature trends and sealevel rise. However, themodels have many documented limitations, particularly regarding their ability tocapture extremes, which areoften ofmost interest forimpacts [10]. Projections among models candiffer dramat- ically, especially onscales smaller than continents and even forthedirection ofchange inrain- fallinmany parts oftheworld [11]. Downscaled climate information may appear tobea solution, astheoutput ofthisprocess delivers information that appears more realistic because ofitshigher resolution. However, regional downscaling cannot rectify many oftheproblems with global models and cangive afalse impression ofconfidence [12]. Ofallthechallenges associated with predicting climate change impacts, thenatural variabil- ityoftheclimate system isperhaps themost overlooked. Unlike weather orseasonal forecasts, which areinitialized with current weather and climate observations, climate change projec- tions areuninitialized. The models areable toreproduce keymodes ofnatural climate variabil- ityoninterannual and decadal timescales, butwithout initialization, thetiming ofthese cycles does notcoincide with therealworld. Initialised decadal predictions offer promise, butthey arecurrently experimental and donotperform well enough toinform decision-making directly, particularly onlocal scales and forprecipitation [13]. Interannual fluctuations are, overwhelmingly, thelargest contributor tototal climate variability forboth rainfall and tem- perature. Decadal variability canbesignificant aswell. Forexample, East Africa hasexperi- enced adecline inrainfall since thelate1990s despite long-term projections suggesting that theregion isheading forwetter conditions bytheend ofthecentury [14]. The `global warming hiatus', when upward temperature trends stalled atthebeginning thiscentury, isanother example [15]. The science behind global warming isunequivocal, buttheexpectation that the temperature willbehotter attheend ofthecentury says nothing about thetrajectory between now and thelong-term future. Failure toconsider these fluctuations could have major conse- quences foradaptation planning, particularly when looking atthenext 10to30years [16]. PLOS Medicine |https://doi.or g/10.1371/ journal.pmed.1 002624 July 31,2018 2/5" 761 W2895264839.pdf 6 "7 www.eurosurveillance.orgrespectively. Based on visual inspection this seemed to generate the most relevant signals, as well as provide a sample size large enough for meaningful statistics over a period of time that was short enough to account for the changing population of the MedPoints. As some MedPoints were closed during the weekends or oper - ated just 2 days a week, some days had no counts (number of times a given syndrome was reported on a given day). Therefore, the quantities were computed over less than  d  data points, typically 15 days for the default  d = 21 (for MedPoints working 5 days a week). The values of these parameters could be set in order to optimise the trade-off between sensitivity and speci - ficity, depending on the symptoms and the experi - ence of the HCW. For acute respiratory infections and ‘other non-communicable diseases’ we set the value to n = 4;  n and  d were set to the standard values for the other syndromes. Two additional parameters allowed for further flexibil - ity. First, the minimum daily count needed for a signal to be generated and second, a fixed threshold above which signals were always generated. They were respec - tively set to 1 and infinity by default. For instance, a low number of acute respiratory infections might be statis - tically but not epidemiologically relevant, so that only a daily count strictly above three cases could gener - ate a signal. On the other hand, for some syndromes a single case was considered remarkable enough that it always triggered a signal; this was the case for chronic cough, varicella, measles, fever with rash, meningitis, bloody diarrhoea, jaundice, death or severe infection. Examples of count time series, thresholds, and signals are shown in  Figure 1 . These analysis and visualisa - tions were carried out once the data were entered in an Excel document. Signals were visualised inside the Excel sheet as red marks [ 22]. All unusual syndrome clusters or single events with potentially high trans - mission risk were immediately communicated to the MedPoints for outbreak verification.  Our SySu toolkit is available at [ 22]. It consists of: (i) a data collection sheet, (ii) a Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) file for cluster analysis consisting of sheets for data entry, indication of signals, plots, tables and a sheet for setting param - eters and, (iii) supporting material for public health management of ID. The tool allows users to enter, Figure 3 Number of laboratory confirmed or clinically diagnosed notified outbreak cases in mass accommodations, Berlin, Germany, week 40/2015-week 13/2017 0510152025303540 40424446485052 13579111315171921232527293133353739414345474951 135791113 2015 2016 2017Number of reported casesRespiratory infections Varicella and MeaslesGastrointestinal infections Other infections Syndromic surveillance period CW17/2016 CW17/2016 Time (week, year) Data source: SurvNet (database of the German notification system at the Robert Koch Institute). The figure is based on the method for identification of asylum seekers in German notification data described by Kuehne et al. 2016 [24]." 762 W4306695888.pdf 12 "Page 13 of 15 Jiang et al. European Journal of Medical Research (2022) 27:205 Discussion STAD is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system, and its morbidity and mortality are among the highest among all cancers in the world. The genesis and development of STAD is a complex multi-stage process involving many genetic and epige - netic changes. The effectiveness and strategies of cancer therapy often depend on the stage of cancer diagnosed. The diagnosis of STAD is most usually in the advanced stage, which leads to difficult diagnosis, poor prognosis, and high mortality. Patients with early-stage STAD can be cured and have a good prognosis, but the early-stage diagnosis of STAD is very challenging because it is gen - erally mild or asymptomatic. Molecular markers based on coding or non-coding genes have great potential in predicting the prognosis of cancers. The development of molecular markers that can effectively identify early- stage STAD and have good prognostic effect is crucial for the therapy strategy and effect of STAD. In this study, the gene expression profiles of STAD samples and patients’ clinical factors were retrieved from TCGA and GEO public databases with bioinformatics methods. A total of 569 early-stage specific genes were identified by mining the differentially expressed genes in the early-stage of STAD. Enrichment analysis showed that these early-stage STAD specific DEGs were mainly involved in cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, and calcium signal pathway. Then, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis of the early-stage Fig. 9 Functional enrichment and annotation analysis of DEGs between the high- and low-risk groups by the 10-mRNA signature. A The bar plots showing GO enrichment analysis; B the significant GO terms associated with the DEGs. C The dot plots showing KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. p-value less than 0.05 indicated a significant enrichment term" 763 W1972250756.pdf 10 "variant CoAM or CoAZ, respectively, through shared func- tional domains (Fig. 4 A). Their overall expression levels and alternative splicing balance are further subjected to regulationby yet another non-coding variant, ncCoAZ, which is efficientlyproduced by trans -splicing. To test this model on a physiological target gene, we chose to analyze Tau, as RBM4 has been previously identified by anothergroup through a library screen that binds to Tau mRNA andpromotes Tau exon 10 inclusion (29). The microtubule-associ-ated protein Tau is important for neuronal function. Exon 10inclusion or skipping of Tau produces spliced isoforms whoseimbalance is associated with multiple neurodegenerative dis-eases collectively called “tauopathies” (35). We then tested ifCoAA and the variants also regulate Tau exon 10. PCR primerswere designed on exon 9 and 11 for total Tau mRNA expressionand on exon 10 and 11 for exon inclusion only (Fig. 7 D). Con- sistent with the previous findings that the fetus has more exonskipping and the adult has more exon inclusion (43), RT-PCRand real-time quantification showed that the endogenous Tauexon 10 inclusion gradually decreased and then increased dur-ing P19 cell differentiation (Fig. 7 D,left panel ). The total amount of Tau expression peaked in parallel with MAP-2 (Fig.6A), suggesting that Tau may be involved in neuronal functions. We then overexpressed CoAA, RBM4, and their variantsCoAM, CoAZ, and ncCoAZ in undifferentiated P19 stem cells.The vector was a control representing the endogenous Tau lev-els. The results indicated that CoAA and CoAZ promoted exon10 skipping. RBM4, CoAM, and ncCoAZ promoted exon 10inclusion (Fig. 7 D,right panel ). In neurons, balanced Tau splic- ing may be maintained by both CoAA and RBM4, which arepresent in the cortical plate (Fig. 5 B). During gliogenesis, the absence of CoAA and the presence of RBM4 in subpopulationsof astrocytes (Fig. 5 F) may explain the increased Tau exon 10 inclusion at the late stage of P19 cell differentiation. The datatogether suggested that CoAA and RBM4 counter-regulate Tauexon 10 splicing. The differential expression of CoAA, RBM4,and their variants potentially contribute to cell-specific expres-sion of Tau isoforms. Using stably transfected stem cells, we further investigated CoAA, RBM4, and their variants in embryoid body formation.The choice of stable overexpression rather than small interfer-ing RNA (siRNA) knockdown was made because of the lack ofsequence specificity for small interfering RNA siRNA in over-lapped variants. The constant overexpression by the CMV pro-moter would disrupt the switched expression patterns requiredfor embryoid body formation. Compared with the vector con-trol, the stable CoAA, CoAM, RBM4, and ncCoAZ cells haddefects in formation of embryoid bodies (Fig. 8 A). Stable CoAZ cells did not significantly affect the formation of embryoid bod-ies possibly because of the requirement of CoAZ in a later stageof differentiation. The results for each transfected stable cellwere consistently seen in more than two selected stable clones.The vector control showed no detectable difference fromuntransfected cells in the aspects of embryoid body formationor marker gene expression (not shown). When marker geneexpression was analyzed by PCR, the results showed the alteredexpression levels in both neural lineage markers MAP-2, GFAP,and Tau as well as non-neural lineage markers Nanog and Sox6(Fig. 8 B). In particular, the expression of Tau was elevated before retinoic acid induction in CoAA CoAM, ncCoAZ, andRBM4 stable cells. The exon 10 inclusion of Tau was increasedin ncCoAZ and RBM4 stable cells. The data were confirmed byquantitative PCR analysis (Fig. 8 B). Although the stable expres- sion did not reflect physiological conditions, the data impli-cated that the balance of CoAA and RBM4 and their variants isinvolved in controlling stem/progenitor cell differentiation.Because CoAA and RBM4 are coregulators in multiple tissues,their target genes may include neural lineage genes such as Taubut may not be limited to neural lineage. The imbalance ofCoAA and RBM4 activities through the control of their variantscan disrupt normal differentiation program. DISCUSSION In this study we have identified trans -splicing events between the CoAA andRBM4 genes, which yield a novel zinc finger-containing coactivator CoAZ and a non-coding splicevariant ncCoAZ. Based on the collective evidence, we propose amodel in which the C-terminal activation domain of CoAAstimulates transcription and the C-terminal zinc finger domainof RBM4 represses transcription. RBM4 competes with CoAAthrough highly homologous double RRM domains at their Ntermini, which might be responsible for the pre-mRNA inter-action during transcription-coupled alternative splicing.CoAM, an alternative splice variant containing only the doubleRRMs of CoAA, has been previously shown to repress CoAAactivity. CoAZ contains an intact RBM4 zinc finger but defec-tive double RRMs and, thus, competes with RBM4 to indirectlyfacilitate the CoAA activity. ncCoAZ, although producing noprotein product, regulates both CoAA and RBM4 expressionvia competitive splicing or by participates in potentially uni-dentified downstream RNA metabolism that impacts bothCoAA and RBM4 transcripts. Thus, coactivator CoAA, core-pressor RBM4, and their splice variants CoAM, CoAZ, andncCoAZ have established a linked control because of the pres-ence of alternative splicing and trans -splicing. When they are specifically expressed in different cell lineages, alternative splic-ing or trans- splicing would constitute a mechanism in regulat- ing the coregulator balance in each cell lineage. The phenomenon of trans -splicing has been found in a vari- ety of organisms including trypanosomes (44), Caenorhabditis elegans (45), euglenoids (46), flatworms (47), Drosophila (48), and mammals (49). It is frequently found within a cluster ofgenes using canonical splice sites and generating translatablemRNA (40). In mammals, the consecutive arrangement of thethree genes CoAA (RBM14 ),RBM4 , and RBM4B is highly con- served. All three genes encode RRM-containing proteins andfunction as alternative splicing regulators. Our study on trans - splicing between CoAA andRBM4 implies that these genes are associated as a gene cluster and share a common enhancersequence. Expressed sequence tag evidence also supports thepresence of splicing events between RBM4 and RBM4B , although at a lower frequency ( supplemental Fig. 1). The RBM4B gene encodes an RBM4 isoform (30), and both proteins are mammalian orthologs of the Drosophila protein Lark (32), which was originally identified in Drosophila circadian rhythm regulation and early development (34). We performed a phylo-trans-Splicing Variants of CoAA and RBM4 JULY 3, 2009• VOLUME 284 • NUMBER 27 JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 18043" 764 W2561400036.pdf 3 " therapy on homocysteine, vitamin B 12 and folic acid levels in children with epilepsy. Indian Pediatr. 2013; 50: 469-72. 16. Aslan K, Bozdemir H, Unsal C, Guvenc B. The effect of antiepileptic drugs on vitamin B 12 metabolism. Int J Lab Hematol. 2008; 30: 26-35. 17. El Dayem SMA, Saleh ON, Emara NA, Kandil ME, Shatla RH, Elgammal S. Evaluation of homo- cysteine, folic acid and vitamin B 12 levels among egyptian children with idiopathic epilepsy. Maced J Med Sci. 2014; 7: 109-13. 18. Dastur DK, Dave UP. Effect of prolonged anticonvulsant medication in epileptic patients: Serum lipids, vitamins B 6, B 12, and folic acid, proteins, and fine structure of liver. Epilepsia 1987; 28: 147-59. 19. Frank O, Baker H, Leavy CM. Vitamin binding capacity of experimentally injured liver. Nature 1964; 203: 302-03. 20. Clinical laboratory and standards institute. How to define and determine reference intervals in the clinical laboratory: Approved Guideline. 2nd ed. CLSI document C28-A2. Wayne, PA, 2000, p 24. 226 BSMMU J 2016; 9: 223-226" 765 W4313204590.pdf 3 "International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348 -6988 (online) Vol. 10, Issue 4, pp: (33 -37), Month: October - December 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com Page | 36 Research Publish Journals Proof Since ( 𝐼 [Γ(𝛼+1)]1 𝛼𝑥𝛼)[ (1 Γ(𝛼+1)𝑥𝛼)⨂𝑖 ] =1 𝑖+1(1 Γ(𝛼+1)𝑥𝛼)⨂(𝑖+1) −1 𝑖+1 =1−𝑖 2[(1 Γ(𝛼+1)𝑥𝛼)⨂(1 Γ(𝛼+1)𝑥𝛼)⨂𝑖 ]−1−𝑖 2 =1−𝑖 2[(1 Γ(𝛼+1)𝑥𝛼)⨂[𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))+𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))]]−1−𝑖 2 (by Lemma 3.1) =1 2[(1 Γ(𝛼+1)𝑥𝛼)⨂[𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))]−1] +𝑖1 2[(1 Γ(𝛼+1)𝑥𝛼)⨂[𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))]+1] . (25) And ( 𝐼 [Γ(𝛼+1)]1 𝛼𝑥𝛼)[ (1 Γ(𝛼+1)𝑥𝛼)⨂𝑖 ] = ( 𝐼 [Γ(𝛼+1)]1 𝛼𝑥𝛼)[𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))+𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))] = ( 𝐼 [Γ(𝛼+1)]1 𝛼𝑥𝛼)[𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))]+𝑖( 𝐼 [Γ(𝛼+1)]1 𝛼𝑥𝛼)[𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))] . (26) It follows that ( 𝐼 [Γ(𝛼+1)]1 𝛼𝑥𝛼)[𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))]=1 2[(1 Γ(𝛼+1)𝑥𝛼)⨂[𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))]−1], and ( 𝐼 [Γ(𝛼+1)]1 𝛼𝑥𝛼)[𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))]=1 2[(1 Γ(𝛼+1)𝑥𝛼)⨂[𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))]+1]. Q.e.d. Remark 3.3: By product rule for fractional derivatives, we have ( 𝐷 [Γ(𝛼+1)]1 𝛼𝑥𝛼)[1 2[(1 Γ(𝛼+1)𝑥𝛼)⨂[𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))]−1]] =1 2[𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))]+1 2[𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))] =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼)). (27) And ( 𝐷 [Γ(𝛼+1)]1 𝛼𝑥𝛼)[1 2[(1 Γ(𝛼+1)𝑥𝛼)⨂[𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))]+1]] =1 2[𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))]+1 2[𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼))] =𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼(𝐿𝑛𝛼(𝑥𝛼)). (28) Therefore, we can easily know that Theorem 3.2 holds. IV. CONCLUSION In this paper, we solve two types of fractional integrals based on Jumarie ’s modified R-L fractional integral . A new multiplication of fractional analytic functions , complex power of fractional analytic function, and product rule for fractional" 766 W4391513641.pdf 3 "Page 4 of 9 Xie et al. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology (2024) 22:19 and pregnancy was 4.0 months (95% CI: 3.0–5.0 months), whereas in the Non-oil-based group, it was 6.0 months (95% CI: 5.0–7.0 months). The cumulative clinical preg - nancy rate demonstrated a significant increase in the Oil-based group compared to the Non-oil-based group according to the rank sum test ( p = 0.014, Fig.  2). Stratified analysis using additional factors To assess potential variations in the relationship between the contrast medium and pregnancy outcome, a stratified study was conducted in multiple subgroups. Stratification was performed based on age, BMI, complications, and treatment following HSG. Our findings indicate that the fertility-enhancing effect of the oil-based contrast agent is consistent across different age groups, BMI categories, the absence of complications, and among patients under - going expectant treatment. Conversely, in patients with complications, those undergoing intrauterine insemina - tion (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and combined lapa - roscopy/hysteroscopy procedures after the contrast agent administration, we did not observe the same fertility- enhancing effect,, as illustrated in Fig.  3. Discussion In this retrospective investigation, we found that among infertile women affected by endometriosis who under - went HSG with oil contrast, the rate of clinical pregnancy within a year following the procedure was significantly higher compared to those who underwent the procedure without it. Additionally, women subjected to HSG with oil contrast exhibited a markedly elevated rate of subse - quent live births. Research has consistently demonstrated that the use of oil-based contrast agents during HSG contributes to improved fertility. Notably, findings from the water vs. oil (H2Oil trial) indicate that the oil-based group exhibited a higher rate of live births (38.8% vs. 28.1%) and sustained pregnancies (39.7% vs. 29.1%) compared to the water- based group [ 3]. Another Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) reported that the oil group not only experienced Fig. 1 Flowchart of study recruitment and inclusion/exclusion criteria" 767 W2184534016.pdf 4 "12 months [32, 34 –37]. With regard to the type of inter- vention, the core of the selected articles was centered on resistance training exercises [13, 31 –38] (Table 2). Intervention characteristics The intervention characteristics are summarized in Table 2. Six studies included multi component exerciseinterventions [13, 32 –35, 38]. In two of these six studies, the intervention program involved progressive resistance exercise training (PRT) [13, 38]: one used an interven- tion home program of balance and strength, based on the Weight-bearing for Better Balance (WEBB) program [33]; one investigated two exercise programs, functional walking, consisting of exercises related to daily mobilityFig. 1 Flow diagram of study selectionde Labra et al. BMC Geriatrics (2015) 15:154 Page 5 of 16" 768 W4393273489.pdf 3 "Mamani-Benito et al. 10.3389/feduc.2024.1297302 Frontiers in Education 04 frontiersin.org2 Methods 2.1 Design and participants Similar to other studies conducted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic ( Carranza et al., 2022 ), the present research is classified as an explanatory cross-sectional study ( Ato et al., 2013 ). This means an associative strategy was employed (allowing exploration of the functional relationship between variables) under a design that tests theoretical models about the relationships among a set of variables, as derived from an underlying theory. Utilizing non-probabilistic convenience sampling, 1,321 Peruvian university students participated (52.1% women), ranging in age from 18 to 35 ( M = 20.16, SD = 3.04). Of these, 76.2% attend a private university, while 23.8% attend a state university. The majority, 88.7%, reside in the highlands. Students’ fields of study include 25.3% in business science, 24.1% in engineering and architecture, 22.4% in health sciences, and 14.8% in humanities and education. Given the nature of the sample, inclusion criteria for this study were set as being a student at a private university, of Peruvian nationality, and providing consent (participating voluntarily). Participants were contacted through social networks (Facebook and WhatsApp); in this case, there was no incentive to participate in the study. Instead, the invitation was open, and voluntary participation was sought. 2.2 Instruments 2.2.1 Emotional fatigue The Emotional Fatigue Scale (EFS; Dominguez Lara, 2013 ) was used. The EFS consists of 10 items with Likert response options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. In this study, the EFS demonstrated good internal consistency ( ω = 0.91). In this study, the EFS showed good internal consistency ( ω = 0.91). This instrument has been used in studies within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (Carranza et al., 2023 ). 2.2.2 Satisfaction with studies The Brief Satisfaction with Studies Scale (BSSS; Merino-Soto et al., 2017 ) was used. The BSSS assesses student satisfaction with their study habits and academic performance. It has 3 items with a 1 to 5 Likert response format (strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree, agree, strongly agree). In the current research, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient value estimating reliability was good ( ω = 0.82). This instrument has also been used in studies related to the COVID-19 pandemic ( Carranza et al., 2022 ). 2.2.3 Academic engagement Academic Engagement Scale (UWES S9), adapted to Peru by Dominguez-Lara et al. (2020) consists of 9 items distributed across two factors. It offers 7 Likert response options ranging from never to always. In this study, the UWES S9 displayed good internal consistency (ω = 0.89). This instrument has been utilized in studies concerning the COVID-19 pandemic ( Dominguez-Lara et al., 2023 ). 2.3 Procedure The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the use of technological resources. In this light, to reach a broader range of students (engaging a large number of participants), ensure ease of use, and facilitate rapid communication, a virtual survey was set up using Google Forms. The link was disseminated via social networks (Facebook and WhatsApp) and was active between March and April 2023. The informed consent was presented at the beginning of the questionnaire along with the study’s objective, stating that participation was voluntary and anonymous. Furthermore, all ethical research principles involving humans, as outlined in the Helsinki declaration, were adhered to. 2.4 Data analysis The study model was analyzed using structural equation modeling with the MLR estimator, which is employed for numerical variables and is robust to inferential normality deviations ( Muthén and Muthén, 2017 ). The fit evaluation was conducted using the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR). CFI values >0.90 ( Bentler, 1990 ), RMSEA <0.080, and SRMR <0.080 ( Browne and Cudeck, 1992 ) were used. For reliability analysis, the internal consistency alpha ( α) method was employed. The data analysis and calculations were conducted using the “R” software version 4.2.1, utilizing the “lavaan” library version 0.6–12 ( Rosseel, 2012 ). 2.5 Ethical considerations The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Peruvian Union University (Reference: 2023-CEUPeU-0016). 3 Results 3.1 Preliminary analysis The scores of the study variables were scaled to values between 0 and 30 to facilitate their visualization, with the understanding that this procedure does not affect the correlation values between the variables. Table 1 presents the descriptive results, including skewness (A), and the correlation results that range between −0.33 and 0.77 for the study variables. Additionally, in this table, the internal consistency alpha FIGURE 1 Hypothesized model." 769 W3113384738.pdf 0 "Vol.:(0123456789)1 3Sustainability Science (2021) 16:709 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00892-w CORRECTION Correction to: Framing natural assets for advancing sustainability research: translating different perspectives into actions Maria Jose Martinez‑Harms1,2  · Stefan Gelcich1 · Rainer M. Krug3 · Fleur J. F. Maseyk2,4 · Hannah Moersberger5 · Archi Rastogi6 · Geoffrey Wambugu7 · Cornelia B. Krug8,12 · Eva M. Spehn9 · Unai Pascual10,11,13 Published online: 24 December 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Correction to: Sustainability Science (2018) 13:1519–1531 https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1162 5-018-0599-5 In the original publication of the article, under the acknowl- edgments section, the project number was published incorrectly. The correct sentence should read as “MMH is supported by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico FONDECYT 3180118”. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attri- bution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adapta- tion, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/. Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The original article can be found online at https ://doi.org/10.1007/ s1162 5-018-0599-5. * Maria Jose Martinez-Harms mariajosesmart@gmail.com 1 Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers On Marine Socio-Ecological Systems, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Avd. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile 2 Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia 3 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland 4 The Catalyst Group, PO Box 362, Palmerston North 4440, New Zealand 5 Future Earth Paris Hub, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France 6 Universalia Management Group, 245 Victoria Avenue, Suite 200, Westmount, QC, Canada7 School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Karatina University, PO Box, Karatina 1957-10101, Kenya 8 URPP Global Change and Biodiversity, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland 9 Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland 10 Basque Centre for Climate Change, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sede Building 1, 1st Floor, Scientific Campus, Leioa, 48940 Bilbao, Spain 11 Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz Haro, 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain 12 bioDISCOVERY, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland 13 Centre forDevelopment and Environment, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland" 770 W4393193455.pdf 27 "5 nature research | reporting summary October 2018/g94/g410/g258/g410/g349/g400/g410/g349/g272/g3/g410/g455/g393/g286/g3/g296/g381/g396/g3/g349/g374/g296/g286/g396/g286/g374/g272/g286 /g894/g94/g286/g286/g3/g28/g364/g367/g437/g374/g282/g3/g286/g410/g3/g258/g367/g856/g3/g1006/g1004/g1005/g1010 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771 W4229375907.pdf 6 "Symmetry 2022 ,14, 960 7 of 15 Table 2. Sample Images Before and After Data Augmentation. S.No. CategoriesNumber of Images before AugmentationNumber of Images after Augmentation 1 Solid Waste Images 1000 3000 2 Clean Images 1000 3000 4. Proposed Methodology Two CNN models for solid waste detection using an image dataset captured by the UAV were used. Table 3 shows the architecture description of the proposed models. Table 3. CNN Model Architectures. ModelsConvolution LayersMaxpool LayerParameters (in Millions)Input Layer SizeOutput Layer Size CNN1 3 3 25 (224,224,3) (2,1) CNN2 5 5 16 (224,224,3) (2,1) The CNN1 model has three convolution layers and max pool layers as shown in the block diagram. One dropout layer is used to avoid overfitting. The flattening layer is used to flatten the input. The dense layer is the regularly deeply connected and frequently used layer. There are two dense layers used in CNN1. Table 4 shows the layer-wise description of the CNN1 model. The 224*224*3 sized images were used as the input to the proposed CNN1. In the convolution layer, the size of the filter was 3*3 and the number of the filter was 16. The output of the first convolution layer was 224*224*16. The max pool layer was used to reduce the size of the image. In the max pool layer, the 2*2 sized filter was used. The maxpool layer converted the input image size 224*224*16 into 112*112*16. The 112*112*16 sized image passed through the 2nd convolution layer from the max pool layer. The 2nd convolution layer had a 3*3 size filter and the number of the filter was 32. The output of the 2nd convolution layer was 112*112*32. The 2nd maxpool layer reduced the size of the image from 112*112*32 to 56*56*32. The output of the 2nd maxpool layer was then passed through the 3rd convolution layer. The 3rd convolution layer used 64 filters. Therefore, the output of the 3rd convolution layer was 56*56*64. The 3rd maxpool layer converted the output image size of the 3rd convolution layer into 28*28*64. The output of the 3rd maxpool layer was passed through the dropout and flatten layers. The dropout ratio of the dropout layer was 0.4. The dropout ratio of 0.4 describes that the 40% features out of total extracting features are neglected. The dense layer performed some operations on the input and returned the output. The block diagram of the proposed CNN2 model has five convolution layers and max pool layers. One dropout layer was used to avoid the overfitting problem. The flattening layer was used to flatten the input. The dense layer is the regularly deeply connected and frequently used layer. There were two dense layers used in CNN2. Table 5 shows the layer-wise description of the CNN2 model. The image of 224*224*3 size was used as the input to the convolution layer with a filter size of 3*3. The number of the filter was 16. The output of the first convolution layer was 224*224*16 and was directly connected to the maxpool layer with a filter size of 2*2. The maxpool layer reduced the input image size from 224*224*16 to 112*112*16, which passed through the 2nd convolution layer with a filter size of 3*3. The number of the filter was 16. The output of the 2nd convolution layer was 112*112*16. The 2nd maxpool layer re- duced the image from 112*112*16 to 56*56*16. The output of the 2nd maxpool layer passed through the 3rd convolution layer having 32 filters. The output of the 3rd convolution layer was 56*56*32, which was converted into 28*28*32 by the 3rd maxpool layer. The CNN2 model had two more convolution layers and maxpool layers. Therefore, after applying the convolution and maxpool operation, the size of the 5th maxpool layer was 14*14*7, which was passed through the dropout layer and flattening layer. The dropout ratio of the" 772 W4361819327.pdf 0 "N1PR : 1kb wild type promoter construct N1PRmt: all G or C in p53 binding sites replaced with A or T N1PRmt2: all G or C in putative KLF5 binding sites #3 and #4 replaced with A or T 0.00.51.01.52.0Empty vector KLF5 0.00.51.01.52.0 NS shRNA KLF5 shRNA N1PR N1PRmt N1PRmt2 pGL2 N1PR N1PRmt N1PRmt2 pGL2 Relative luciferase activity Relative luciferase activity EPC2-hTERT cells EPC2-hTERT cells BA 0 1 2 3 Relative mRNA levels EPC2-hTERT cellsControl +KLF5 Control KLF5 shRNA Relative mRNA levels 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 EPC2-hTERT cellsKLF5 NOTCH1 KLF5 NOTCH1" 773 W4321369012.pdf 11 "lower part). Intriguingly, we identi fied two lead compounds that broadly abrogate elaboration of glycans in the Golgi apparatus withoutaffecting protein secretion. The compound library was limited in sizeand future screening with larger compound libraries may lead to more selective inhibitors. However, the study clearly illustrates the potential of the cell-based array platform to evaluate and dissect effects ofinhibitors on glycosyltransferase isoenzymes and individual biosyn-thetic steps in different glycosylation pathways. The two compounds we did identify within the limited library, NSC80997 and NSC255112, however, turned out to have interestingproperties with wide applicability as reversible inhibitors of elaborateglycan features such as galactosylation and sialylation associated withdifferent types of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. Althoughstructurally different, we found that both compounds readily andreversibly abrogated elongation of GalNAc-type O-glycosylation, pro- cessing of complex type N-glycans after the key branching step, and the biosynthesis of GAG chains. The biosynthetic steps affected are allpredicted to occur in the Golgi, while glycosylation located in ER andearly Golgi was unaffected. Treatment of HEK cells with these com-pounds did not affect secretion and did not appear to induce sig-nificant changes in the overall proteome, but immunocytology (and metabolic labeling of sialylation) demonstrated that Golgi-residentproteins dispersed within 1-2 h without being lost (Fig. 5aa n dS u p - plementary Fig. 5A, B). These effects were reversible upon removal ofinhibitors, and the induction/recovery kinetics of the Golgi fragmen-tation and effects on reporter and surface glycosylation were highly similar, suggesting that the Golgi disruption directly led to the effects observed on protein glycosylation. Aberrant glycosylation is a com-mon feature found in cells with fragmented Golgi apparatus includingin cancer cells 76–79. GalNAc-Ts are generally found throughout the Golgi stacks80and initiate O-glycosylation after the protein folding in ER. However, itshould be noted that relocation of GalNAc-Ts to ER has been reportedas a feature of cancer cells and cause of the characteristic expression oftruncated Tn O-glycans in cancer 81. We found that lower doses of the inhibitors abrogated O-glycan elongation but not the initiation leadingto accumulation of Tn O-glycans (Fig. 1e) could potentially suggest that the inhibitors partly redistributed GalNAc-Ts to ER although this was not apparent from the immunocytology results. However, given thatthe N-glycan branching step by the MGATs was not affected sub-stantially, it is more likely that the inhibitors have lower effects onglycosylation steps performed in the early cis-Golgi stacks. NSC80997 is a derivate of cortivazol, a synthetic steroid that acts as high-af finity ligand for the GR 82–84, and these share the four ring (A- D) steroid structure and a phenylpyrazol group at the A-ring (Fig. 3a). This bulky group has been shown to induce structural changes in theGR ligand-binding pocket creating additional interactions betweencortivazol and the GR and enhancing the binding af finity 20 –50 times compared to dexamethasone 49,85,86. Because of this increased binding affinity, cortivazol was assessed in clinical trials for corticosteroid- mediated pain relief after intra-articular, periarticular, or epiduralinjection without clear outcome or clear adverse effects, andapparently the use and production was terminated in 2017 87,88. NSC255112 is a derivate of the HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin. HSP90and other proteins including HSP70 and FKBP4 interact with GR andretain GR in the cytoplasm 51,89. Binding of a ligand releases the GR from HSP90 and allows for traf fic to the nucleus and transcriptional regulation of in flammatory genes51,90. Binding of NSC80997 to the GR or inhibition of HSP90 by NSC255112 thus could potentially releasethe GR. We did observe shuttling of the GR to the nucleus after treatment with high and low concentrations of both compounds (Fig. 3B and Supplementary Fig. 3A), however, other GR steroid ligands tested did not show the same effects on glycosylation asNSC80997 and NSC255112. Moreover, KO of the GR gene did notabolish the effects of the inhibitor compounds, and treating cellspretreated with the high-af finity GR antagonist mifepristone also did not affect the inhibition (Fig. 3c, d). These results indicate that NSC80997 and NSC255112 affect Golgi glycosylation largely inde-pendent of the GR pathway. Notably, while the NSC255112 analog geldanamycin is cytotoxic, we noticed induction of Tn in cells treated with other known HSP90inhibitors (Supplementary Fig. 3D), and inhibition and depletion ofHSP90 have previously been linked to Golgi fragmentation 59,60.H S P 9 0 binds the microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4), which is essentialfor maintaining microtubule acetylation and stabilization. HSP90depletion leads to decreased levels of MAP4 and thus fragmentation ofthe Golgi system, but effects on glycosylation have not been reportedpreviously 60. However, we observed no reduction in the levels of acetylated tubulin upon treatmen t with NSC80997, suggesting that the microtubule network remains intact. A study has proposed that loss of HSP90 leads to Golgi fragmentation mediated by non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA)/core2 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-M (C2GnT-M, GCNT3) complex formation 59. Here, we were unable to establish viable HEK293 cells with KO of HSP90. Reduction of NSC80997 toNSC80997-KR decreased the Tn induction effect twofold (Fig. 3e, f). Further dissection of these compounds is needed to more speci fically reveal the functional group(s) that mediate the Golgi fragmentationand abrogation of glycan elaboration. We ruled out that NSC80997 and NSC255112 act like BFA 91.F i r s to f all, these compounds do not impair protein secretion (SupplementaryFig. 6C). Secondly, because they induce fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus rather than the redistribution of Golgi into the ER induced by BFA (Fig. 5e, g and Supplementary Fig. 6) 92. Interestingly, this pro- cess involves the initial formation of short tubules that later fragmentinto smaller structures and disperse throughout the cytoplasm 62. Thirdly, the compounds do not affect the recruitment of the coatomercomponent β-COP, and this is a key step for the initiation of the BFA- dependent tubulation 93. The lack of effect on the microtubules rules out that the fragmentation is the result of the well-established effect ofmicrotubule-disrupting agents on the Golgi apparatus 94. Therefore, the effect of the NSC80997 and NSC255112 compounds on the Golgistructure is mediated by a completely different mechanism(s), which will require extensive efforts to be fully dissected. Thefinding that NSC80997 and NSC255112 rapidly and reversibly disrupts cellular glycosylation without substantially altering cell via-bility and capacity for secretion of recombinant glycoproteins makesthese compounds highly attractive for use to probe whether proteinsare glycosylated and explore functions of glycoproteins at the cellsurface. To illustrate this, we demonstrated applications related tocancer immunotherapy and viral infections. Thus, pulsing target cellswith the inhibitor compounds induced the truncated cancer-associated O-glycan Tn 29,63, which triggered ADCC activity by mAbs directed to Tn-glycopeptide epitopes in MUC1 and FXYD5 (Fig. 6c). Such antibodies are promising for therapeutic interventions58,84and appropriate cell lines to study their ADCC activity are missing66.W e also demonstrated the use of the inhibitor compounds to explore theeffect of glycosylation on SARS-CoV-2 infection, validating theimportance of HS in the binding and infection (Fig. 7). The NSC80997 and NSC255112 compounds may become useful reagents to reversiblyinterfere with Golgi glycosylation for probing the contribution of ela-borated glycans in biological interactions. In summary, we developed an elaborate cell-based assay for screening of GalNAc-T isoenzymes inhibitors, and although our initialscreening of a small compound library did not identify speci fic inhi- bitors the assay was validated and can be used for further screening of larger compound libraries. We did identify two potent reversible inhibitors that selectively affect Golgi-located glycosylation withoutaffecting viability and secretion, and these compounds should bewidely applicable and simple tools to investigate the role ofglycosylation.Article https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36598-7 Nature Communications | (2023) 14:948 12" 774 W2758438815.pdf 8 " 18 ULTIMA TICS , Vol. IX, No. 1 | Juni 2017 ISSN 2085 -4552 tampilan tersebut yang memiliki akurasi terbesar adalah percobaan dengan menggunakan remove low information gain dan tanpa menggunakan preprocess . Percobaan yang memiliki number of leaves dan size of tree terkecil adalah tanpa preprocess dan remove low information gain . Percobaan dengan waktu pembuatan tree tercepat adalah remove low information gain . Gambar 16 Bar Chart Kedua Hasil Uji Coba Gambar 16 menunjukkan tampilan bar chart dari hasil uji coba menggunakan dua kombinasi metode preproses yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Pada tampilan tersebut yang memiliki akurasi terbesar adalah percobaan dengan menggunakan kombinasi replace missing value dan discretize . Percobaan yang memiliki number of leaves dan size of tree terkecil adalah kombinasi remove low information gain , replace missing value , dan discretize . Percobaan dengan waktu pembuatan tree tercepat adalah kombinasi replace missing value dan discretize . V. SIMPULAN Rancang bangun aplikasi pendeteksi penyakit ginjal kronis dengan menggunakan algoritma C4.5 telah berhasil dibuat, dengan bantuan dari weka library dalam pembuatan algoritma decision tree yang dihasilkan dapat melakukan prediksi terhadap penyakit ginjal kronis. Uji coba dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat akurasi yang dapat dihasilkan oleh aplikasi. Proses pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan cross-validation dan berdasarkan hasil yang sudah dihitung aplikasi ini memiliki akurasi 91.50% pada saat decision tree dibuat tanpa menggunakan preprocess menu. Perkembangan yang didapatkan dalam melakukan preproses adalah pengurangan waktu yang diperlukan untuk membuat decision tree . Akurasi yang didapatkan setelah preproses tidak ada yang memiliki peningkatan. Ukuran decision tree bertambah besar jika menggunakan preproses discretize dan replace missing value . Metode yang meningkatkan cepatnya pembuatan decision tree adalah remove low information gain , replace missing value , dan discretize . Metode yang paling baik digunakan berdasarkan percobaan yang dilakukan adalah remove low information gain , yang menghasilkan akurasi 91.50 % dengan ukuran tree dan waktu pembuatan tree yang minimum. DAFTAR PUSTAKA [1] Aswano. 2014. MAKALAH GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK. Tersedia dalam: http://www.slideshare.net/septianraha/makalah-gagal-ginjal- kronik-37197034 . Diakses 2 Maret 2016. [2] Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States. 2016. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. [Online]. Avalaible: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health- information/health-statistics/kidney-disease [3] Rohman, A. 2013. Penerapan Algoritma C4.5 Berbasis Adaboost untuk Prediksi Penyakit Jantung . Majalah Ilmiah Universitas Pandanaran Vol 11. No. 26. [4] Puteri, N. A., Maharani, W., Suliiyo, M. D. 2013. Prediksi Penyakit Jantung dengan Algoritma Classification and Regression Tree . Telkom University [5] Gorunescu, F. 2011. Data Mining: Concepts, Models and Techniques. [6] Kusrini. 2007. Konsep dan Aplikasi Sistem Pendukung Keputusan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi. [7] Sangadah, N. dan Tri, S. P. R. 2012. MAKALAH GAGAL GINJAL AKUT DAN KRONIS . Tersedia dalam: http://www.scribd.com/doc/93094328/MAKALAH-GAGAL- GINJAL-KRONIS#scribd . Diakses 2 Maret 2016. [8] Aisyah, J. 2011. Karakteristik Penderita Gagal Ginjal Rawat Inap Di RS Haji Medan Tahun 2009 Tersedia dalam: http://repository.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/24681 . Diakses 2 Maret 2016. [9] Ridwan, M., Suryono, H., Sarosa, M. 2013. Penerapan Data Mining Untuk Evaluasi Kinerja Akademik Mahasiswa Menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes Classifier. [10] Han J., Kamber M., Pei J. 2012. Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques 3rd Edition. [11] Mark Hall, Eibe Frank, Geoffrey Holmes, Bernhard Pfahringer, Peter Reutemann, Ian H. Witten (2009); The WEKA Data Mining Software: An Update; SIGKDD Explorations, Volume 11, Issue 1 . [12] Dr. Bhargava, N., Dr. Bhargava, R., Mathuria, M. 2013 . International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering. . [13] Sayad, S. 2010. Decision Trees: Classification & Regression . University of Toronto. [14] Lichman, M. 2013. {UCI} Machine Learning Repository . [Online]. Available : http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml 90,25 90,5 91,5 90,5 11 14 13917 20 1814 4,67 3,11 2,78 3,14 0102030405060708090100 Remove Low Information Gain + Replace Missing ValueRemove Low Information Gain + DiscretizeReplace Missing Value + DiscretizeRemove Low Information Gain + Replace Missing Value + Discretize Accuracy Number of Leaves Size of Tree Time to Make Tree " 775 W4213263354.pdf 0 "Review of: ""Antinociceptive activities of a novel diarylpentanoid analogue, 2-benzoyl-6-(3-bromo-4- hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexen-1-ol, and its possible mechanisms of action in mice"" Raquel Soares Santos Potential competing interests: The author(s) declared that no potential competing interests exist. This is a study that aims to investigate the antinociceptive effect of a new compound on acute inflammatory pain and thermal stimuli in murine models. BBHC, a compound synthesized by the research group itself, when injected intraperitoneally, generates an important antinociceptive effect, compared to reference analgesic drugs, such as morphine and acetylsalicylic acid. BBHC was also effective against peripheral nociception with involvement of TRPV1 receptors, in addition to participating in the glutamatergic pain pathway. Below are considerations about the work, which seems to have been very well conducted and which may be another step towards the discovery of a new potentially effective analgesic drug. INTRODUCTION 1. Justification is relevant. Apparently, the group seems to be up to date on the process of creating a new compound and potential analgesic drug, in addition to constantly updating on the work generated in the laboratory. 2. In the introduction, I suggest clarifying the objective of the work, regarding the route of administration of the compound. It is important to situate the reader as to how the work is carried out: is it peripheral or central? Does it have an effect on local pain? Does it have effect in local injection, without systemic effect? As it is a new drug, it may be interesting to assess this point. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. The article makes it very clear how the synthesis of the drug was carried out, preparation of solutions, aspects related to the use of animals in research (authorization of the ethics committee for the use of animals in research, environmentalization of animals, allocation, number of animals per group) and the standardization of the technique. 2. Choice of study method is pertinent. 3. Again, I suggest performing an experiment relating the new compound to local action (eg using the formalin test itself or carrageenan or prostaglandin injection). In humans, the use of drugs is usually carried Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Review, February 13, 2022 Qeios ID: UBG04Y · https://doi.org/10.32388/UBG04Y 1 / 2" 776 W4200369413.pdf 0 "MENTAL HEALTH OF HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS AND OTHER OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN ISRAEL Ella Cohn-Schwartz, Yaacov  Bachner , and  Sara Carmel, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, HaDarom, Israel Holocaust survivors could be especially vulnerable to the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic due to their early life traumas. Thus, the current study examines the ef - fects of the pandemic on the mental health of Holocaust survivors in Israel, compared to adults who did not experi - ence the Holocaust. We collected quantitative data from 305 adults aged 75+ (38% Holocaust survivors) in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicate that Holocaust survivors were worried to a greater extent from COVID-19 and reported greater depression which became worse during the pandemic. On the other hand, despite these differences, the two groups were similar in their will to live. In conclu - sion, Holocaust survivors seem to be more vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic, strengthening the vulnerability hypoth - esis, while also showing resilience in their will to live. Policy makers and practitioners should pay special attention to this particularly vulnerable population during these difficult times. DISASTER VULNERABILITY IN LONG-TERM CARE: THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CONNECTIONS Lindsay Peterson,1 Debra Dobbs,2 Joseph June,3 David Dosa,4 and Kathryn Hyer,5 1. University of South Florida, Bradenton, Florida, United States, 2. University of South Florida, School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Florida, United States, 3. University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States, 4. Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 5. University of South Florida, University of South Florida, Florida, United States The risks to older adults in nursing homes (NHs) and assisted living communities (ALCs) exposed to disasters are evident in prior research. However, little research has been conducted to understand the factors related to facilities’ vulnerability. This re - search examined NH and ALC experiences during Hurricane Irma in 2017. Qualitative interviews were conducted with rep - resentatives of facilities (N=100), transcripts were analyzed using Atlas.ti version 8. Team members met to reach consensus on codes and major themes and subthemes, which they analyzed using a conceptual model designed to identify factors related to the dis - aster vulnerability in long-term care (LTC). We found physical factors (e.g. location, physical characteristics) are important, but physical strength is not enough. Multiple social/organizational factors are critical. Results indicate managing a major disaster and protecting LTC residents involve social and organizational con - nections across a range of groups from staff and family members to emergency mangers and neighborhood associations. Session 2265 (Paper) Mobility, Disability, and Social Contexts FORMAL AND INFORMAL CARE USE OVER THE COURSE OF COGNITIVE DETERIORATION AMONG ADULTS WITH A DISABILITY HwaJung Choi,1 Kenneth Langa,1 Edward Norton,1 Tsai-Chin Choi,1 and Cathleen Connell,2 1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 2. University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States The dynamics between formal and informal care among persons with a disability may substantially differ over the course of their cognitive decline. Based on a nationally representative study of older adults, the analysis sample included 3,685 individuals who had at least one activity of daily living (ADL) limitation. We esti - mated probabilities of using formal care and informal care in the years before and over the course of dementia after controlling for sociodemographic factors, survey mode, and proxy interview status. The adjusted probability of receiving care from an in - formal helper increased before the onset of dementia: 36% in 4 years prior to the onset (T=-4); 46% at T=-2. In con - trast, the increase in the probability of using formal care was pronounced primarily at the onset of dementia; for example, the probability of overnight nursing home stay was 12% at T=-2 vs. 31% at T=0, which continued to increase over the subsequent years (39% at T=6). The probability of using nursing home care at the onset was significantly greater for women vs. men (Adjusted risk ratio (ARR)=1.21; p=0.010); non-Hispanic white vs. Hispanic (ARR=1.62; p=0.004); those with low vs. high wealth (ARR=1.60; p < 0.001); those without a spouse vs. with a spouse prior to the onset (ARR=1.39; p < 0.001); and those with all adult children living far vs. at least one coresident adult child prior to the onset (ARR=1.51; p= < 0.001). Public policies and interventions aimed at providing for the needs of people with dementia should consider disparities in care use across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN AVOIDING LATER-LIFE DISABILITY: A LIFE COURSE PERSPECTIVE Patricia Morton, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States Identifying the early origins of adult health has under - scored how experiences in the earliest stages of life can have lasting consequences. Whereas most research on the early origins of adult health has linked childhood conditions to worse health in adulthood, this study considered whether childhood conditions are associated with healthy aging. Guided by the World Health Organization’s emphasis on functional ability as a core component of healthy aging, the present study investigated the association between child - hood social conditions and avoiding later-life limitations in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, referred to as disability-free status. This study also tested potential health-related and socioeconomic mediators and examined whether these life course antecedents of healthy aging vary by gender. Analyzing a sample of 9,376 adults over age 50 from the Health and Retirement Study over 10 years (2006- 2016) revealed that childhood socioeconomic disadvan - tage reduced the odds of avoiding disability over time. For women, adult health lifestyles mediated this relationship whereas adult socioeconomic status (SES) mediated this re - lationship for men. Conditional indirect effects indicated that the mediational effects of body mass and education dif - fered between men and women (i.e., moderated mediation). The direct effects of childhood and adult SES also varied by Innovation in Aging , 2021, Vol. 5, No. S1 201Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/innovateage/article/5/Supplement_1/201/6465302 by guest on 18 May 2024 " 777 W4388923371.pdf 4 "100 Open Access: http://ejournal.poltekkesjakarta1.ac.id/index.php/adm Email: jurnalquality@poltekkesjakarta1.ac.id Tabel 2 . Distribusi responden berdasarkan konseling dan kepatuhan minum obat pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas, Maret 2023 (n=70) Tabel 2 menunjukan yang melakukan konseling lebih banyak daripada yang tidak melakukan konseling sebanyak 41 (58,6%). Tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien hipertensi di puskesmas menunjukkan kepatuhan yang tinggi sebanyak 30 (42,9%) . Tabel 3 . Perbandingan status pekerjaan dalam mengikuti konseling terhadap tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas, Maret 2023 (n=70) Tabel 3 menunjukkan status pekerjaan (bekerja dan tidak bekerja) dalam mengikuti konseling memiliki hubungan yang signifikan ( p- value <0,05) terhadap tingkat kepatuhan. Terdapat perbandingan antara status pekerjaan (bekerja dan tidak bekerja) dalam mengikuti konseling terhadap kepatuhan minum obat yang dilihat dari akumulasi jumlah responden. Responden bekerja lebih banyak tidak melakukan konseling sehinggan kepatuhan minum obatnya rendah (57,9%). Tabel 4 . Hubungan pasien yang bekerja dalam mengikuti konseling dengan tingkat kepatuhan minum obat berdasarkan faktor confounding (usia, jenis kelamin, dan lama menderita), Maret 2023 (n=70 ) Tabel 4 ditemukan hasil bahwa beberapa faktor confounding dengan konseling dan tingkat kepatuhan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan ( p- value <0,05). Usia pralansia yang bekerja dan tidak mengikuti konseling memiliki kepatuhan yang rendah (60,0%) dan menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan ( p-value =0,011), tingkat pendidikan SMA pada responden yang bekerja memiliki hubungan yang signifikan ( p-value =0,01) dengan konseling dan tingkat kepatuhan minum obat . Frekuensi Presentase (%) Konseling Konseling 41 58,6 Tidak Konseling 29 41,4 Total 70 100 Tingkat Kepatuhan Rendah 21 30,0 Sedang 19 27,1 Tinggi 30 42,9 Total 70 100" 778 W4362595082.pdf 6 "871 European Journal of Forest Research (2023) 142:865–882 1 3 were tested using a generalized linear model (GLM) with Poisson error distribution for count data and visualized with boxplots. Significantly different means between groups (for - est types) were separated using Tukey's post hoc test. For functional characterization of bryophyte assem- blages, we first calculated community means for each of the 13 traits (Table  2) using the funtcomp function in the FD package (Laliberté et al. 2015). The mean values of traits and trait states (27 in total), which represent the functional composition of assemblages, were then used as the input data for principal component analysis (PCA) to explore the distribution of plots and plot groups in the ordination space using the PCA function with automatic data standardization in the FactoMineR package (Hus- son et al. 2020). Visualizations were performed with the factoextra R package (Kassambara and Mundt 2020) to plot the 95% confidence intervals of group scores on the two-dimensional PCA ordination diagram. Differences Table 2 List of selected traits (eight autecological, three morphological and two regeneration traits). For details on the attributes of categorical traits, see Bernhardt-Römermann et al. (2018) and Simmel et al. (2021) Functional trait Variable type Description Autecological traits Indicator value for light (L) Ordinal Occurrence in relation to the relative irradiance intensity in the period when decidu- ous plants are in full leaf; Scale (1 to 9): 1—Plant in deep shade, 5—Semi-shaded plant, rarely in full light, 9—Plant in full light, mostly found in full sun, Ind— Indifferent Indicator value for temperature (T) Ordinal Occurrence in temperature gradients from the Arctic and the Mediterranean and from alpine levels to the lowlands; Scale (1 to 9): 1—Cold indicator plant, found only in high mountains, mostly in alpine and nival levels, 5—Indicator of fairly warm conditions, from lowland to montane sites, but especially in submontane– temperate sites, 9—Indicator of extremely warm conditions, Ind—Indifferent Indicator value for continentality (K) Ordinal Occurrence in the gradient from the Atlantic coast to the interior of Eurasia, espe- cially with regard to temperature ranges; Scale (1 to 9): 1—Extreme oceanic, in Central Europe only in a few outposts, 5—Intermediate, weakly suboceanic to weakly subcontinental, 9—Extreme continental, virtually absent from Western Europe, Ind—Indifferent Indicator value for moisture (F) Ordinal Occurrence in the gradient from dry, rocky slopes with shallow soil to swampy ground; Scale (1 to 9): 1—Indicator of extreme dryness, restricted to soils that often dry out for some time, 5—Indicator of dampness, mainly on constantly moist or damp, but not wet soils, 9—Indicator of wet sites, often on water-satu- rated, poorly aerated soils, Ind—Indifferent Indicator value for soil reaction (R) Ordinal Occurrence in the gradient of soil acidity and lime content; Scale (1 to 9): 1—Indi- cator of extreme acidity, never found on weakly acidic or basic soils, 5—Indicator of moderately acid soils, only occasionally found on very acidic or on neutral to basic soils, 9—Indicator of basic reaction, always found on calcareous or other high-pH soils, Ind—Indifferent Indicator value for nutrient availability (N) Ordinal Occurrence in the gradient of nutrient availability, eutrophication; Scale (1 to 9): 1—Plants on sites with very low nutrient content, 5—Plants on sites with medium nutrient content, 9—No bryophytes present (outcompeted by vascular plants) Affinity to forest habitat Categorical Information on how strongly species are bound to forest habitats; 4 trait attributes (M1.1—Largely restricted to closed forest, M1.2—Prefers forest edges and in clearings, M2.1—Occurs in forests as well as in open land, M2.2—May occur in forests, but prefers open land) Hemeroby Ordinal Occurrence in the gradient of background human impact on the ecosystem, ranging from absent (1) to very strong (9) Morphological traits Life form Categorical Life forms based on Mägdefrau (1968); five trait attributes (cushion, dendroid, mat, turf, weft) Life strategy Categorical Life strategies according to During (1979); four trait attributes (colonists, perennial shuttle, perennial stayers, short-lived shuttle) Shoot length Numerical Mean shoot length expressed in cm Regeneration traits Size of spores Numerical Mean size of spores expressed in µm Fruiting frequency Categorical Frequency of fruiting; five trait attributes (common, frequent, occasional, rare, very rare)" 779 W4392657973.pdf 2 "Polymers 2024 ,16, 755 3 of 15 IR spectra were recorded using a Shimadzu IRSpirit (Kyoto, Japan) at 4700 to 350 cm−1 (10 mg of sample without any specified sample preparation). Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were recorded using a SDT Q600 (New Castle, USA) using heating rate 5◦C/min in the tempera- ture range from 40◦C to 600◦C. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on a Dron-7 X-ray diffractometer (Saint Petersburg, Russia). A 2 θangle interval from 7◦to 40◦with scanning step ∆2θ= 0.02◦ and exposure of 7 s per point were used. Cu K αradiation (Ni filter) was used, which was subsequently decomposed into K α1 and K α2 components during processing of the spectra [19]. Photophysical experiments: UV/Vis light absorption spectra were recorded using a spectrophotometer UV-1800 (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The emission spectra were reg- istered using an Avantes AvaSpec-2048 ×64 spectrometer (Avantes, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands). The absolute emission quantum yield was determined using an integrating sphere AvaSphere-50 (Avantes, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands). An LED (365 nm) (Ocean Optics, Largo, FL, USA) was applied for pumping. A pulse laser LDH-P-C-405 (wavelength 405 nm, pulse width 50 ps, repetition frequency 10 MHz) (PicoQuant, Berlin, Germany), a photon counting head H10682-01 (Hamamatsu, Hamamatsu, Japan), a multiple-event time digitizer MCS6A1T4 (FAST ComTec, Oberhaching, Germany), and a monochromator Monoscan-2000 (interval of wavelengths 1 nm) (Ocean Optics, Largo, FL, USA) were used for lifetime measurements. Temperature control was performed by using a cuvette sample compartment qpod-2e (Quantum Northwest Inc., Liberty Lake, WA, USA). Antimicrobial activity ( in vitro ) was evaluated completely as previously described by some of us [ 20–22]. The DPPH •scavenging effect was evaluated according to the published procedure [23]. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Preparation of Rhodamine B-Containing Films The chitosan-based Rhodamine B-containing films were prepared using the conven- tional solution casting method. The chitosan which was used in the current study (MW = 40 kDa) is not water-soluble. We dissolved the chitosan in 1% acetic acid solution. Acetic acid protonates primary amino groups of the chitosan, thus, destroying the native interchained hydrogen bonds system. This, in turn, results in the complete dissolution of chitosan. To improve the flexibility and mechanical properties of the resultant films, we used glycerol as a common plasticizer for polysaccharide-based films. The volume of glycerol added to the chitosan solution was determined based on the literature data to achieve the desired film properties [ 20]. To the chitosan solution containing the plasticizer, we added a solution of Rhodamine B under vigorous stirring. The initial colorless chitosan/plasticizer solution immediately turned purple. One notable observation was that no heterogeneity was observed in the solution even at a temperature of 80◦C, indicating the uniform distribution of Rhodamine B in the chitosan matrix. This could be attributed to the strong stirring during the mixing process, which ensured a homogeneous dispersion of the dye in the solution. In the same manner described above, we prepared the blank films, which were ob- tained by the same procedures except the addition of the dye Rhodamine B. The resultant solutions were cast in plastic dishes and dried under different conditions which are pre- sented schematically as follows: 1. Dried at 60◦C for 24 h (films A and A’)*; 2. Dried at 60◦C for 24 h and then 90◦C for 2 h (films B and B’); 3. Dried at 60◦C for 24 h, then treatment of the film using 20% NH 3in EtOH solution and drying at room temperature (films C and C’); 4. *—the abbreviations A, B, and C belong to the blank films while A’, B’, and C’ belong to the rhodamine-containing films." 780 W2762756570.pdf 2 "Data Analysis The constant comparison method was used to analyze the tweets to reduce the data into manageable units and coded information [14-16]. The process began with open coding, which can be defined as “the process of breaking down, examining, comparing, conceptualizing, and categorizing data,” where 2 trained researchers (NS and MH) open-coded all the tweets and disco vered major themes [14-16]. The tweets were then selecti vely coded into those major themes by the same 2 trained researchers (MH and NS; [14-16]). Open coding was done byhand versus using keyword searches through data mining softw are to take on the full conte xt of the tweets/posts. Results The constant comparison method initially revealed 23 different tweet categories among the 15,236 tweets analyzed, as displayed in Table 1. Each of these categories were then analyzed and coded into four separate themes: informing and education, monitoring health status and trends, social justice, and professional development (Textbox 1). Table 1. Tweet categories of public health professionals. Tweets, n Tweet category 4032 Non-public health–related 2008 Health nutrition 1885 Other 815Conference/F orum/APHAa 789 Ebola 728 Noninfectious diseases 627ACAb/Health care 626 Violence/Safety/Social justice 567 Health law and polic y 553 Technology/Inno vation 380 Environmental health/F actors 346Charity/Or ganizations/NPOc 250 Vaccines 233 Education and literac y 196 Global famine/W ater 176 Emer gency/Emer gency preparedness 170 Global poverty/Homelessness 158 Infectious diseases 156 Mental health 143HIVd/AIDSe 143 Smoking/T obacco/Marijuana 143 Medications/Drugs and alcohol 112 Influenza 15,236 Total aAPHA: American Public Health Association. bACA: Affordable Care Act. cNPO: nonprof it organization. dHIV: human immunodef icienc y virus. eAIDS: acquired immunodef icienc y syndrome. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2017 | vol. 3 | iss. 4 | e54 | p. 3 https://publichealth.jmir .org/2017/4/e54/ (page number not for citation purposes)Hart et al JMIR PUBLIC HEAL TH AND SURVEILLANCE XSL•FO RenderX" 781 W3030520728.pdf 7 "Yinhan Liu, Myle Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Man- dar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin Stoyanov. 2019. Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining ap- proach. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.11692 . Kyle Lo, Lucy Lu Wang, Mark Neumann, Rodney Kin- ney, and Daniel S. Weld. 2020. S2ORC: The Se- mantic Scholar Open Research Corpus. In Proceed- ings of ACL . Michael Loevinsohn, Lyla Mehta, Katie Cuming, Alan Nicol, Oliver Cumming, and Jeroen HJ Ensink. 2015. The cost of a knowledge silo: a systematic re-review of water, sanitation and hygiene interven- tions. Health policy and planning , 30(5):660–674. Microsoft. 2020. Azure cognitive search - covid-19 search demo. https:// covid19search :azurewebsites :net/ . 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Second Annual Con- ference on Communication Networks and Services Research, 2004. , pages 305–314. IEEE. Ka-Ping Yee, Kirsten Swearingen, Kevin Li, and Marti Hearst. 2003. Faceted metadata for image search and browsing. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI con- ference on Human factors in computing systems , pages 401–408." 782 W2066047071.pdf 10 "Kehr et al. BMC Bioinformatics 2014, 15:99 Page 11 of 20 http://www.biomedcen tral.com/1471-2105/15/99 by edges e=(v,v)(see blocks B, C, D, F, G, H, and J in Figure 4). The numbers impose a strict total ordering ≺ on all genome segments s1,s2∈Swhere s1≺s2ifs1is left ofs2. Cactus graphs are not as independently used as the other genome alignment graphs. The cactus method oper- ates on two graphs, the cactus graph and another graph called the adjacency graph [40]. Interestingly, the lat- ter has the same structure as an Enredo graph. We view the cactus graph, which enables the characterizationand detection of new substructures, as a supergraph on top of the Enredo graph. The transformation of Enredo graph structures to cactus graph structures conformswith the construction of a cactus graph [22,40] and does not require additional labels. The transformation back to Enredo graphs is ambiguous as the above mentioned examples from Figure 4 show. For this reason, our descrip- tion of this transformation uses the sparse labeling /lscript adjin addition to the graph structure. Cactus graphs from Enredo graphs .T o t r a n s f o r m a n Enredo graph structure G/prime=(V/prime,E/prime B∪E/prime A)into a cac- tus graph structure G=(V,E), we follow three steps described in [22,40]. First, we transform the Enredo graph into a precursor cactus graph. The second and third steps modify the precursor to ensure the structural propertiesof cactus graphs. The second step guarantees that every edge is part of at most one simple cycle. After the third step, the graph is Eulerian. Throughout all steps, we make use of a many-to-one mapping m:V /prime→Vfrom Enredo graph vertices V/primeto cactus graph vertices V, which labels each Enredo graph vertex v/prime∈V/primewith a cactus graph vertex v∈Vsuch that m[v/prime]=v. First, compute all adjacency-edge connected components CAin the Enredo graph structure G/prime.E a c hc o m p o n e n t C∈CAis a subset of the vertices V/prime.F o re a c h C∈CA, add a vertex to the set of cactus graph vertices V. Assum- ing that the start and end of all genomes are connected, add only one origin vertex for all of them to V.W eo b t a i n the many-to-one mapping that indicates the cactus vertex representing the adjacency edge connected component of any Enredo graph vertex. Given this mapping, transfer theEnredo graph block edges E Bto the cactus graph: For each edge e/prime={u/prime,v/prime}in the set of Enredo graph block edges EB,w h e r e m[u/prime]=uandm[v/prime]=v,a d da ne d g e e={u,v} to the set of cactus graph edges E. It is possible that u=v even if u/prime/negationslash=v/prime. This yields the precursor cactus graph in Figure 4. In the second step, remove sets of vertices from Vthat are 3-edge-connected and add instead a single vertex vto V(vertices αandβin Figure 4). Correct the mapping m and redirect block edges that were incident to any ver- tex in the 3-edge connected component, to be incident tov.Finally, replace connected components formed only by edges whose removal disconnect the graph (not presentin Figure 4). Each such component is a tree with leaf and branching vertices v 1,...,vc.R e m o v e v1,...,vcand add instead a new vertex vtoV. Just as before, correct the mapping mand redirect incident block edges to v. Cactus graphs to Enredo graphs . In the transformation from a cactus graph structure G=(V,E)to an Enredo graph structure G/prime=(V/prime,E/prime B∪E/prime A),w eu s et h el a b e l s /lscriptadj to separate the sets of adjacencies represented by cactus graph vertices Vand to add edges E/prime Athat represent sin- gle adjacencies to the Enredo graph structure. In addition, we create a one-to-one edge mapping m:E→E/prime Bthat labels each cactus graph edge e∈Ewith an Enredo graph block edge e/prime b∈E/prime Bwhere e/prime b={u/prime,v/prime}. In this mapping, we store a direction of each Enredo graph block edge anddistinguish the tail vertex u /primefrom the head vertex v/primesuch that m[e]=(u/prime,v/prime). The direction is not present in the Enredo graph structure G/prime. The transformation proceeds by threading the genomes Gthrough G. Initially, identify among all cactus graph edges incident to the origin vertex u∈Vthe edge e0={u,v}whose label contains the smallest number n0∈/lscriptadj(e0)where n0n0butn1Lb,s e eS u p p l e m e n t a r y Figure S3), which corresponds to a trivial phase of zero. Note that a method was recently proposed to experimentallymeasure the Zak phase of an LC coupled circuit network viaprobing the bulk quantities [18]. We can obtain the spectrum of eigenmodes of the finite- sized circuit for different choices of L aand Lbby calcu- lating the eigenvalues ( 𝜔2)o ft h ed y n a m i c a lm a t r i x 𝐷= 𝐶−1/2𝑊𝐶−1/2b a s e do nt h em e t h o dg i v e ni n[ 1 7 ,2 0 ] .H e r e , C andWa r et h ec a p a c i t a n c em a t r i xa n di n v e r s ei n d u c t i v i t y matrix of the finite-sized circuit, respectively. SupplementaryMaterials Note 3 presents the detailed derivation process. InSupplementary Figure S4a, two separated modes (magentacolor) can be clearly identified from the gaps of three bulkmodes (blue color, Supplementary Figure S4a), while theyare absent from the trivial case when the values of L aand Lbare exchanged (Supplementary Figure S4b). These two distinct topological states cannot adiabatically transformbetween each other unless the bandgap closes by settingL a=Lb(Supplementary Figure S4c). All the above theoretical a n a l y s e sf u r t h e rc o n fi r mt h a tt h ee d g em o d ei sn o tar e s u l to fatrivial surface effect, but a manifestation of the bulk nontrivialtopological phase. 2.2. Experimental Validation of Topological Properties. It can be expected, according to the bulk-boundary correspon- dence, that our 2D SSH circuit supports an edge modelocalized at the four edges in the nontrivial regime. Tosupport this expectation, we design and fabricate a circuitboard which incorporates 7 .25 ×7 .25 unit cells, as shown by the photographs in Figures 2(a) and 2(b), and also the schematicsin Figures 2(c) and 2(d). Here, for simplicity, the capacitorsa n di n d u c t o r sa r er e p r e s e n t e db yt h eb l a c ks p h e r ea n dblue/red lines, respectively. Inductors ( Q∼37 at 40MHz) and capacitors with the same values as the numerical simulationsa r es e l e c t e df o rt h ec o n s t r u c t i o no ft h er e a ls a m p l e .A nS M Aconnector is branched out from each node to facilitate the measurement of the absorption spectra. To minimize the influence of parasitic parameters on the circuit performance and meanwhile to take into consideration the operational frequency range of the VNA (Keysight N5230C, 10MHz to40 GHz), the value of circuit elements is deliberately chosenfor the resonance to fall in the range between 10 and 60 MHz. The circuit layout is carefully designed such that the parasiticparameters (i.e., parasitic capacitances and inductances) dueto the adjacent lines have negligible effect on the topologicalproperties. Reflectance measurement was firstly carried out to exper- imentally characterize the 2D SSH circuit. The absorp-tion spectrum, which represents the amount of RF energy pumped into the circuit, can be simply obtained from 1−𝑆 2 11 [23]. As the reflectance coefficient S11is measured with a 50 Ohm coaxial cable, it reaches zero (linear scale) when the input impedance of a certain node equals 50 Ω,l e a d i n gt o a maximum absorptance of unity. The expected edge modedistribution is illustrated in Figure 2(c), where the RF energy" 785 W4318541601.pdf 1 "Probabilistic Concurrency Testing for Weak Memory Programs Mingyu Gao m.gao-2@student.tudelft.nl Delft University of Technology Delft, NetherlandsSoham Chakraborty s.s.chakraborty@tudelft.nl Delft University of Technology Delft, NetherlandsBurcu Kulahcioglu Ozkan b.ozkan@tudelft.nl Delft University of Technology Delft, Netherlands ABSTRACT The Probabilistic Concurrency Testing (PCT) algorithm that pro- vides theoretical guarantees on the probability of detecting concur- rency bugs does not apply to weak memory programs. The PCT algorithm builds on the interleaving semantics of sequential con- sistency, which does not hold for weak memory concurrency. It is because weak memory concurrency allows additional behaviors that cannot be produced by any interleaving execution. In this paper, we generalize PCT to address weak memory con- currency and present Probabilistic Concurrency Testing for Weak Memory (PCTWM). We empirically evaluate PCTWM on a set of well-known weak memory program benchmarks in comparison to the state-of-the-art weak memory testing tool C11Tester. Our results show that PCTWM can detect concurrency bugs more fre- quently than C11Tester. CCS CONCEPTS •Software and its engineering →Concurrent programming structures ;Software testing and debugging . KEYWORDS Concurrency, Weak memory, Randomized algorithms, Testing ACM Reference Format: Mingyu Gao, Soham Chakraborty, and Burcu Kulahcioglu Ozkan. 2023. Prob- abilistic Concurrency Testing for Weak Memory Programs. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Pro- gramming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2 (ASPLOS ’23), March 25–29, 2023, Vancouver, BC, Canada. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 14pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3575693.3575729 1 INTRODUCTION In the multicore era, shared memory concurrency plays a key role in improving performance in these architectures. To program these architectures efficiently, the programming languages are introduc- ing first-class concurrency primitives [ 4,6,12,18,19,33] to provide platform-independent abstractions on the hardware and processors. These concurrency primitives empower programmers to achieve greater performance from the architectures. However, program- ming with these primitives is often error-prone due to their subtle semantics. More specifically, these primitives, as well as the archi- tectures, exhibit additional behaviors that cannot be explained by ASPLOS ’23, March 25–29, 2023, Vancouver, BC, Canada ©2023 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-9916-6/23/03. https://doi.org/10.1145/3575693.3575729traditional thread interleaving semantics, aka sequential consis- tency (SC). These behaviors are known as weak memory behaviors, and these concurrency models are known as weak memory models. Concurrency poses a significant challenge to testing and verifi- cation approaches, considering the number of possible executions even under interleaving semantics. Verification techniques perform sound analyses, but they scale poorly. On the other hand, testing approaches scale better but lacks soundness. Though concurrency testing lacks soundness in general, it is always desirable to achieve some guarantees on the effectiveness of a testing approach. The Probabilistic Concurrency Testing (PCT) algorithm [ 8] is a randomized concurrency testing algorithm for SC programs that provides strong theoretical guarantees on the probability of detect- ing bugs. The probabilistic guarantees of PCT rely on the notion of bug depth , i.e., the minimum number of ordering constraints between the concurrent events in a program. Given bug depth 𝑑as a test parameter, PCT characterizes the set of executions with 𝑑ordering constraints and samples a test execution from that set. Focusing on the executions with a certain bug depth significantly reduces the sample set. Unlike naive random testing algorithms that detect a concurrency bug with a probability that is exponentially low in the number of program events 𝑛, PCT guarantees a probability that is exponentially low only in 𝑑. In this scenario, a natural question arises: can we apply PCT for testing weak memory programs? We investigate this question in this paper and observe that the theoretical guarantee of the PCT algorithm does not apply to testing weak memory programs. It is because weak memory concurrency relaxes the SC requirements and allows a more extensive set of program behaviors, many of which cannot be produced by any interleaving executions in SC. More specifically, the PCT algorithm builds on the notion of bug depth that is designed for the interleaving semantics of sequential consistency, which does not capture weak memory concurrency. In this paper, we generalize PCT to address weak memory con- currency and present Probabilistic Concurrency Testing for Weak Memory (PCTWM). For this, we revise the definition of concurrency bug depth and generalize it to capture weak memory concurrency. We define bug depth as the minimum number of communication relations between the concurrent events in an execution regardless of their scheduling order. We show that the traditional definition of bug depth under SC corresponds to a specific case of our definition, in which the communication relations correspond to the thread interleavings. Based on our bug depth definition, we devise the PCTWM al- gorithm that extends the theoretical guarantees of PCT for weak memory concurrency. Similar to PCT, PCTWM provides a theo- retical lower bound on the probability of detecting concurrency bugs that is exponential only in the depth bound 𝑑. Different from PCT, which samples a test execution with 𝑑ordering requirements , This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Interna- tional License. 603 " 786 W3020470835.pdf 3 "1806 Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology (2020) 10:1803–1816 1 3 in the relatively closed deep lacustrine environment with insufficient supply of terrigenous clastic material. The depo-sition rate is relatively low and the laminar structure is com-monly found in the organic-rich shale. Mudstone is generally formed in the semi-deep lacustrine environment where the supply of terrigenous clastic material is relatively sufficient, and the deposition rate is relatively high (Yuan et al 2015). The organic-rich mudstone has no obvious laminar struc-ture, which is the difference between mudstone and shale in structure. Based on the observation of the structure and construction of core samples, the organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock samples were classified (Fig.  3). Organic- rich shale is mainly black with laminar structure, and the samples are fragile under stress (Fig.  3a–c). Organic-rich mudstone is mainly dark gray-black with blocky structure (Fig.  3d, 3e), and carbonized plant debris can be found occa- sionally in the mudstone samples (Fig.  3f). In order to study the characteristics of Chang7 organic- rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks in Longdong area, organic petrological, and molecular geochemical experi-ments were carried out. Additionally, molecular geochemi-cal experiments on tight oil samples were carried out. Organic petrological analyses The organic petrology experiments rely on the OGE-VI Rock–Eval Pyrolysis and Polarizing Microscope from the Key Laboratory of Technology for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University and the MAT-253 Stable Isotope Mass Spectrometer from the Isotope Fig. 3 Core samples of organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks" 787 W4380199756.pdf 4 "Pedagonal : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan  5 Academic Achievement Research in High School : A Bibliometric Analysis | Galizty , et.al. Analysis based on the subject area in Scopus, shows that the literature related to Academic achievement is divided into 11 fields of study, which can be seen in full in Figure 1. Figure 1. Document by subject area Publication Outputs by Years RQ 1 : How many articles about Academic achievement were published in 2003 -2021? Table 2. Shows the year of publication during the literature review period. The average journal articles published as a whole for the 2003 -2021 period were 1.94 documents. The increase in the number of publications from 2003 to 2021 shows a significant increase. On the other hand, 2011 was the highest num ber of publications with 6 documents. A similar trend indicates that for the 2021 period (for the first semester) there will be the same or a greater number of publications than the previous term. Table 2. Publication Output by Year (2003 -2021) Publication by Y ears Records % of 37 2021 2 5,40 2019 3 8,10 2018 2 5,40 2017 4 10,81 2016 2 5,40 2015 4 10,81 2013 2 5,40 2012 3 8,10 2011 6 16,21 2010 1 2,70 2009 3 8,10 2006 2 5,40 2005 1 2,70 2004 1 2,70 2003 1 2,70 Social Sciences (44.8%) Psychology (15.5%) Medicine (6.9%) Agricultural an.. (5.2%) Arts and Humanity (5.2%) Economics (3.4%) Engineering (3.4%) Nursing (3.4%) Biochemistry. G (1.7%) Computer Science (1.7%) Other (8.6%)" 788 W4288695367.pdf 2 "Dash et al. /one.tnum/zero.tnum./three.tnum/three.tnum/eight.tnum/nine.tnum/fpsyg./two.tnum/zero.tnum/two.tnum/two.tnum./nine.tnum/one.tnum/seven.tnum/nine.tnum/five.tnum/nine.tnum in the aging population (Olsen et al., 2015; Keijzer and Schmid, 2016; Papageorgiou et al., 2019; Soltani et al., 2021) . The reason for the inconsistency may originate in the way groups are labeled and thus classified. Surrain and Luk (2019) highlights different ways in which researchers have classified their bilingual group; it was evident that 77% of the studies use the label “ bilingual” or “specific language pair bilingual, ” and only minimal studies (19%) use combination of factors to label the bilingual group. Another evolutionary transition was understanding variations in cognitive performance within bilingual groups. Various behavioral and neuroimaging studies have compared two extremes of the population within the bilingualcategory—highvs.lowproficiency (SinghandMishra, 2013), balanced vs. unbalanced (Woumans et al., 2015) , early vs. late(Tao et al., 2011) . Although such an approach still categorizes the participants into two groups, it has led to much informative literature on bilingualism. The debatable role of bilingualism in cognitive performance also stems from the variabilityinbilingualexperiences;forexample,ahighproficient bilingual may be an early or late bilingual, or an early bilingual maybeanunbalancedbilingual.Therefore,thepredictionmade using one set of observable variables (for example, proficiency) does not apply to another set of observable variables (for example, language usage), thus limiting reliable and replicable researchfindings. Recent studies have used statistical methods to mathematically combine and use continuous variables to predict changes in cognitive performance (Gullifer et al., 2018; Dashetal.,2019,2022) .Moreover,theuseofstatisticalmethods to determine outcomes for the measure of bilingualism has found support in a recent study by Macdonald et al. (2022) . Authors find convergence between outcomes from various statistical methods (like confirmatory factor analyses and latent profile analyses) and another continuous metric of bilingualism (Vaughn and Hernandez, 2018) and self-reported information (Macdonald et al., 2022) . Since bilingualism is a multidimensional construct, there can be an overlapping continuum of different measures of bilingualism. Similarly, a bilingual continuum created using one dimension of bilingual experience (for example, language usage, DeLuca et al., 2019) may have a different trajectory in another dimension. Furthermore, the lack of consensus in bilingual literature also stems from the differences in how different measurement tools are used to study bilingualism. Therefore, it is crucial to determine which task and stimuli are used as measures of bilingualism, and once scholars determine the variables of interest, the next logical step is to figure out how they use them to understand the role of bilingualism in cognitive performance. Depending on the research questions, researchers have often used 1 or 2 measures to categorize participants into different groups; more recent studies use different bilingualism measures on a continuum. Categorizing participants in groups allows for simplification of the analyses, presentation, and interpretationoftheresultsfromastudy (DeCosteretal.,2011) .The data presentation is easier by dichotomizing the variables using a table or graph with the mean scores to demonstrate differences between groups. However, If the predictor variable is continuous, then the slope of the predictor variable with the outcome variable needs to be presented using regression lines. For example, to explore the interaction effect between age and bilingualism on cognitive performance, a researcher may construct distinct regression lines between bilingualism and cognitive performance for different age cohorts (young vs. older adults) and interpret the effect. In addition, when age and bilingualism vary continuously, the statistical approach to presentation needs to be tweaked. Such methods are more complicatedthanpresentinggroupmeans.Similarly,categorical analysis is typically more straightforward and traditional than continuous analysis. ANOVA, which requires a categorical predictor variable, is more commonly used by psychologists to test influences on an outcome variable. However, the linear mixed effect model (Gallo et al., 2022) and growth curve analysis(Incera and McLennan, 2017) are gaining popularity in recent times where multiple continuous variables can also be consideredtopredicttheoutcome.Somepotentialargumentsin favorofcategorizationwereprovidedby FarringtonandLoeber (2000). They propose that arbitrarily categorizing variables is one method for dealing with variables with highly skewed distributions or when the relationship between predictor and outcome variable is not linear. However, there are more cons than pros in using measures of bilingualism to categorize participants. To begin with, conducting group analyses when the variable of interest may vary on a continuum diminishes statistical power and increases the risk of rejecting the null hypothesis (Cohen, 1983; Altman and Royston, 2006; DeCoster et al., 2011) . Secondly, universally accepted grouping criteria are unavailable, limiting the reproducibility of the results in different studies (Altman and Royston, 2006) . Especially with the aging population, categorizing participants based on the current language usage and proficiency may ignore the necessary bilingual experience (spanning over decades) crucial forbuildinganaccuratebilingualprofile.Furthermore,suppose the split is made at an arbitrary cut-off point (say, the median age of acquisition of 10 years). In that case, participants with an age of acquisition of 9 and 11 years are placed in different groups, even though they may be more like each other than othermembersoftheirgroup(i.e.,ageofacquisitionof9yearsis more similar to that of 11 years than that of 1 year; MacCallum etal.,2002;AltmanandRoyston,2006 ). To summarize, grouping bilinguals when the underlying construct is continuous has statistical implications and may obfuscate our understanding of the measure of bilingualism in theresearchstudy.Itiscomparativelyeasytogroupparticipants; however, it adds researchers’ bias to the study. Finally, when groups are constructed based on the values of a continuous measure,asignificantamountofinformationandvariabilitythat mayexistwithinagrouparelost (MacCallumetal.,2002) .Inthe followingsections,wewillelaborateonthemostcommonlyused Frontiersin Psychology /zero.tnum/three.tnum frontiersin.org" 789 W4206159465.pdf 24 "289 Skilling / Barrett / Kurian | Evidence, interests and argumentation: an environmental poli cy... Actors advocating the return of the river to the estuary Forms of evidenceRepresentative Quote(s) Preference for situated knowledge‘Local residents have more knowledge of problems in the estuary, than any present study can accurately assess” (Wilkinson, in BOP Times, 1984b). Critique of “objective” scientific expertise‘Unfortunately officialdom refuses to seek the advice of local experience and makes unfounded predictions without ever having set foot on the tidal reaches of the estuary” (Wilkinson, in BOP Times, 1984b). The BOPCC ignored ‘a lot of important social information’ and the ‘frames of reference for the [BOPCC] study were so limited it was natural the study would rule out a full return of the river to the estuary [since] the study looked at things only in an economic and technical way’ (Loomis, in RDP , 1986c). ‘The Maketu people had never been consulted. Nor had the potential effects of full diversion on the community been addressed’ (Wilkinson, in RDP , 1986c). The BOPCC Report ‘was theoretical and a waste of money’ (MAG, in RDP , 1986d). Loomis said: ‘parts of the [BOPCC Report] were offensive to the Maori people’ since the Report ‘questioned their ability to remember the estuary as it was and … took a cavalier attitude to Maori legends and cultural heritage. The im - plication was that such input was unreliable for planning purposes’ (Loomis, in RDP , 1986d). ‘The Maori people have been insulted by the misquoting of our history’ (Wilkinson, in BOP Times, 1986c). ‘Further technical studies will only serve to cloud contentious issues, waste time, money and energy’ since these ‘technical studies’ are costly and ‘only supply theoretical unsubstantiated findings’ (MAG, in Te Puke Times, 1986b)." 790 W4310781642.pdf 1 "foster correct valuation, coverage, and appropriate payment, and support a reasonable range of business models and sites ofservice. The taxonomy is applicable to both Category I and Category III CPT codes. Category I CPT codes provide a uniform language forcoding medical services and procedures and Category III CPT codes are a set of temporary codes that allow data collection for emerging technologies, services, procedures, and service para-digms. As the “work done by machines ”increasingly contributes to the provision and intensity of medical services, the taxonomy is meant to facilitate proper and accurate CPT coding, so the integration of AI into tracking, coverage, and payment systemsevolves in a consistent manner. This will help facilitate patient access to the technology and accurate payment to physicians. In some cases, rather than reducing physician input, the complexity of the output from AI may counterintuitively increase physician work, which currently may not be transparent in coding,coverage, and payment. The taxonomy is a framework intended toengender descriptors which are discrete and differentiable. Ideally, the resultant coding will do more than simply characterize the “work done by the machine ”along the spectrum of “assistive, ” “augmentative, ”and “autonomous, ”but will also delineate the machine ’s part in the medical service and impact on the subsequent human work in such a way that the coding, coverage,and payment for the services will fairly re flect the contribution of each as shown in Table 1.CURRENT CONTEXT The AI Taxonomy, published on the AMA website and made effective from January 2022, provides guidance for choices oflanguage for descriptors for AI-related CCAs 3. It is intended that all AI-related CCA ’s would be drafted and assessed with knowledge of the AI taxonomy henceforth, and descriptors used consistentlyacross like codes. When applicants submit a CCA for an AI-related code, the code change requestor should include technical details necessary tosupport the CPT Editorial Panel ’s conclusion as to where the technology fits in the CPT-de fined hierarchy of “assistive ”, “augmentative ”, and “autonomous ”. Developers should consult the AI Taxonomy when developing descriptors for other highlysophisticated software. For example, Magnetic Resonance Spec-troscopy is a highly sophisticated software, not the result ofmachine learning as is typical of products like the IDx-DR diabeticretinopathy device discussed supra , but instead is an “expert system ”which renders data understandable in terms of inter- mediary metabolism associated with pathophysiology 10. Such analysis of data is quite different, and adds more value, thansimple image reconstruction. These types of “expert systems ”may meet the criteria within the hierarchy of the taxonomy. As anotherexample, deriving an estimate of Fractional Flow Reserve fromcoronary CT is considered augmentative because the quantitativeoutput is clinically meaningful, ie understood by physicians to be directly applicable in optimizing the patient ’s care pathway. WHY NO DEFINITION OF THE TERM “AI”? In health care, there is no single product, procedure, nor service for which the term “AI”is suf ficient or necessary to describe its intended clinical use or utility; a nd therefore, the speci fict e r m “AI”is not defined in the AI Taxonomy nor elsewhere in the CPT code set. The term “AI”is not intended to encompass nor constrain the full scope of innovations performing “work done by machines ”,n o ra r et h e s e anthropomorphic terms intended to convey that the physician is being “replaced ” 11Classi fication of AI medical services and proce- dures as assistive, augmentativ e, and autonomous is based on the clinical procedure or service prov ided to the patient, and the work performed by the machine on behalf of the physician or other QHP. GRANULARITY FOR EACH OF ASSISTIVE, AUGMENTATIVE, AND AUTONOMOUS This AI taxonomy is guidance for classifying various applications of AI (expert systems, machine learning, software-based services, etc.) medical services and procedures into one of three categories:FDA Product Descrip/g415onCPT Code DescriptorsCMS Coverage and Payment Fig. 1 The continuum of AI CPT code descriptors. Appendix S is intended to enable discrete and differentiable code descriptors byaccurately characterizing the “work done by machines ”relative to the work of the physician or other quali fied health care professional. Therefore, these same descriptors may be useful also in regulatory labeling of novel products like “Software as a Medical Device ” (SaMD) and in valuation, coverage and payment policy for theassociated novel services or procedures, like “Software as a Service ” (SaaS). Table 1. The relationship between components of the service and categorization. Service components AI Category: Assistive AI Category: Augmentative AI Category: Autonomous Primary Objective Detects clinically relevant data Analyzes and/or quanti fies data in a clinically meaningful wayInterprets data and independently generates clinically meaningfulconclusions Provides independent diagnosis and/or management decisionNo No Yes Analyzes data No Yes Yes Requires physician or other QHP interpretation and reportYes Yes No Examples in CPT code set Computer-aided detection (CAD) imaging (77048, 77049, 77065 –77067, 0042 T, 0174 T, 0175 T)Non-invasive estimate of coronary fractional flow reserve derived from coronary CT (7X005, effective Jan 2024, https://www.ama-assn.org/system/files/september-2022-cpt-summary- panel-actions.pdf )Retinal imaging (92229) R.A. Frank et al. 2 npj Digital Medicine (2022) 177 Published in partnership with Seoul National University Bundang Hospital1234567890():,;" 791 W4232048468.pdf 12 "13 interface. The improvement is attributed to the unique effect of the incorporated water on altering the 3D network structure of 65RH, which increases efficient channel s for transportation of Li+ ions and electrons . To gain further insight into the reaction kinetics of both the dry and the hydrated glass- based anode s, we performed CV measurements on the ‘dry’ and the 65RH samples within the window of 0.01 ~ 3.0 V at different scan rates from 0.1 to 2 mV s-1 (Figs. 4a and b ). This is one of the effective approach es to investigate the electrochemical reaction kinetics of electrode materials for Li+ storage [44,45] . A recent study revealed that the capacity generation of a silicate glass -ceramic anode involves two lithium- ion storage mechanisms [46]. One is the lithium insertion reaction , while the other is related to both ion diffusion and surface induced capacitance. In the present work , we determine the degree of surface induced capacitive effect of the studied anodes using the relationship between the measured current (i) and sweep rate ( v) of the CV curves , i.e., i = avb, where a and b are adjustable parameters . The b value is in the range between 0.5 and 1.0. The b value of 0.5 implies a diffusion- controlled process . The totally stored charge comes from lithium insertion process. In contrast , b=1 suggests an ideally capacitance- controlled process , which take s place mostly on the surface of electrode [47]. A value between 0.5 and 1 implie s the mixed contribution from both the diffusion- controlled process and the capacitive effect. In Figs. 4a and b, the CV curves of the dry and 65RH samples show that both the potential difference of the redox peak s and the peak current increase with increasing the scan rate. As demonstrated in Fig. 4c, the current s of the five pairs of cathodic/anodic peaks for TVP anode show a linear dependence on square root of the scan rate. The b values for the cathodic and anodic scans are determined t o be 0.69 and 0.71, respectively, revealing that the capacity of TVP anode arises" 792 W3011739768.pdf 0 "1 Scientific REPORtS | 7:46124 | DOI: 10.1038/srep46124www.nature.com/scientificreportsCorrigendum: Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis Target of Rapamycin (AtTOR) improves water-use efficiency and yield potential in rice Achala Bakshi , Mazahar Moin , M. Udaya Kumar , Aramati Bindu Madhava Reddy , Maozhi Ren , Raju Datla, E. A. Siddiq & P . B. Kirti Scientific Reports 7:42835; doi: 10.1038/srep42835; published online 23 February 2017; updated on 10 April 2017 This Article contains errors in the Affiliations of Maozhi Ren and Raju Datla. The correct affiliations for these authors are listed below: Maozhi Ren Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P .R. China; School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P .R. China. Raju Datla Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W9, Canada. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ © The Author(s) 2017OPEN" 793 W4286499392.pdf 1 "For Peer Review Only023 66 Male Liver cancer unk. 024 56 Male Liver cancer unk. 025 56 Male Liver cancer unk. 026 61 Female Lung cancer unk. 027 64 Male Liver cancer unk. 028 65 Female Breast cancer unk. 029 58 Female Gastric adenocarcinoma unk. 030 80 Female Liver cancer unk. 031 56 Male Liver cancer unk. 032 64 Female Rectum cancer unk. 033 78 Female Rectum adenocarcinoma Ⅱ 034 47 Female Breast cancer unk. 035 53 Male Liver cancer Ⅲ 036 74 Female Gastric adenocarcinoma Ⅲ 037 48 Male Rectum adenocarcinoma Ⅰ 038 65 Male Thyroid cancer unk. 039 79 Female Lung cancer unk. a. Tumor stage was based on TNM system. ‘unk.’ indicates that the information was not collected.Page 25 of 25 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/tandf/sjcli Editorial office e-mail: editorial.office@sjcli.orgThe Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60" 794 W1940295939.pdf 1 "Tab. 1 Changes in bond distances ( ∆i−jgiven in Angstroms) with respect to geometry optimized without the presence of confining potential ( ω= 0) ω CO2 HCCH HCN ∆C−O ∆C−C ∆C−H ∆C−N ∆C−H 0.08 -0.003 -0.005 -0.004 -0.004 -0.004 0.16 -0.012 -0.019 -0.015 -0.015 -0.014 0.24 -0.024 -0.036 -0.030 -0.030 -0.028 recognized.28,29It has been shown that these contributions in some instances may dominate over the electronic counter- parts. The theoretical prediction of the vibrational corrections to the (hyper)polarizabilities of polyatomic molecules is still challenging for quantum chemistry methods. Usually, the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation is the starting point for computations of the electric properties of molecules (see Ref. 30,31for an example of an alternative nonadiabatic approach for computing (hyper)polarizabilities). Within BO approximation the total energy may be separated into terms related to electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom. Hence, molecular properties may also be divided into the corresponding electronic and vibrational contributions. In this communication, in order to study the effect of spatial confinement on the vibrational contributions to static electric properties, we employed two approaches. Namely, the perturbation method of Bishop and Kirtman was used to determine vibrational corrections based on the double harmonic approximation (hereafter referred to as harmonic contributions)25,32,33while the finite-field nuclear relaxation (FF-NR) method34,35was employed to determine nuclear relaxation hyperpolarizabilities. In the case of the FF-NR method the vibrational correction to electrical property ( PVIB) is interpreted in terms of contributions due to the shift of the equilibrium geometry in the presence of an external electric field (the so-called nuclear relaxation contribution, PNR) and contribution due to the change of the shape of the potential energy surface (the curvature contribution, Pcurv). A comparison and detailed analysis of these two schemes has been discussed many times in the literature.36,37The Pcurv contributions are usually smaller than the PNRcontribution and are not computed here. It is worth to note that the FF-NR method yields first and second hyperpolarizability including electrical and mechanical anharmonicity. All calculations reported in this communication correspond to the static limit (time-independent electric fields are considered). The pure electronic contributions were calculated at the equilibrium geometries using the finite-field method.38The choice of external electric field ( F) strength is particularly important forthe numerical evaluation of energy and property derivatives using finite differences. Thus, in this communication, we use the Romberg-Rutishaser scheme39to determine pure electronic ( PEL) and vibrational (nuclear relaxation, PNR) contributions to the molecular (hyper)polarizabilities, and to control the numerical stability of the results. The linear molecules investigated here (CO 2, HCCH and HCN) were oriented along z-axis in all calculations. The FF-NR treatment was applied only for the dominant longitudinal (along z-axis) components of the static (hyper)polarizabilities. The model two-dimensional harmonic potential was cen- tered at the molecular axis:2,8,14–16,18 Vconf(ri)=1 2ω2r2 i=1 2ω2(x2 i+y2 i), (2) This type of model confining potential allows to mimic a smoothly varying strength of spatial restriction by setting the value of ω, being the quadratic force constant of the applied harmonic potential. Similarly to our previous study, the range ofωvalues considered in this communication was adjusted to render the exchange repulsion of linear molecules encapus- lated in carbon nanotube and varies from 0 to 0.24 au.15The geometries of the CO 2, HCCH and HCN molecules were fully optimized in vacuum as well as in the presence of the confin- ing potential using the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ approach. The same method was applied for calculations of the electrical properties of the investigated molecules. The geometry relaxations in the external confining potential (and electric field) were carried out with the aid of procedure developed by Luis et al.35In this approach the geometry optimization is performed by means of the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shano method based on the numerical energy gradients calculated employing the GAUSSIAN 09 package.40 Since our theoretical predictions cannot be directly com- pared with the available experimental data, we would like to present them in the broad context of experiences and knowl- edge emerging from computational and experimental studies concerning the effects of spatial restriction or high pressure on the individual molecules and molecular materials. It is ob- vious that vibrational contributions to (hyper)polarizabilities of molecules must be particularly influenced by the changes in molecular geometry. Indeed, it has been shown that high pressure induces significant changes of position and intensity of vibrational bands in IR and Raman spectra of molecules in various molecular materials. The direction of the pressure- induced shifts and broadening of vibrational bands depends on the balance between short-range repulsive and long-range at- tractive intermolecular forces.41–48Our theoretical approach based on imposing the model confining potential is related to the situation when strong repulsion and consequent elec- tron density deformation is the dominant effect influencing 2 | 1– 5 Page 2 of 5 Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics" 795 W4239454766.pdf 4 "2021’04 ВЛАСТЬ 21 1 С одной стороны, наблюдается объективный процесс, направленный на понижение уровня влияния России. Данную тенденцию можно проследить на основании сокращения употребления в речи монголов русского языка. В первую очередь это относится к молодому поколению, которое отдает пред - почтение изучению английского, китайского, корейского, японского языков [Иркутская школа… 2014 ]. Но, с другой стороны, нельзя сказать, что на сегодняшний день Россия не играет важной роли в жизни Монголии и вообще находится где-то на задвор - ках ее интересов. Сегодня, реально оценивая фактическое положение дел в отношениях между нашими странами, эксперты отмечают сравнительно низ - кий торгово-инвестиционный уровень сотрудничества. Например, в 2018– 2010 гг . доля российских инвестиций в монгольскую экономику не превышала 2%. В двусторонней торговле доминирует экспорт товаров преимущественно сырьевого характера. В политическом плане сегодня Монголия во многом ориентирована на Запад. Одним из ключевых элементов внешней политики являются отноше - ния с такими государствами, как США, Япония, Южная Корея. Дальнейший курс страны должен определить важный документ «Дальнее видение – 2050». В этой программе развития Монголии на ближайшие 30 лет (на данный момент пока не утверждена парламентом) заявлена цель превратить Монголию в «одну из ведущих, развитых стран региона». Все эти факторы наводят на неоднозначные размышления. В ответах на вопрос: «Какая сфера отношений между Россией и Монголией наиболее приоритетна для Монголии?» – 61,4% российских экспертов назы - вают экономику , и лишь 20,5% – политику . Но когда вопрос ставится в другой логике: «Какая сфера отношений между Россией и Монголией наиболее приоритетна для России?» – 22,7% экспертов считают, что это экономика, а 63,6% выбирают политическую сферу . От 6,3% до 2,3% экспертов отдают предпочтение военной сфере, образованию, науке и искусству . Ответы на идентичные вопросы монгольских экспертов расходятся с россий - скими. Для Монголии, считают они, и экономическая, и политическая сфера почти равноценны (см. рис. 3).. Рисунок 3 . Структура ответов монгольскихэкспертов на вопрос: «Какая сфера отншений между Россией и Монголией наиболее приоритетна для Монголии?» Такая оценка монгольских экспертов свидетельствует, что Монголии лучше и выгоднее, если Россия останется так называемым «мягким» соседним го -" 796 W2990926401.pdf 7 "8 of 15 attributed to the input variables [46]. In Table 5 , the indicated act -R2 of 0.9548 was close to 1. This represent ed 95.48% variability of the predicted response value (Al3+ transport), which is a function of the four process variables. Also, the adj. R2 (0.9358) represents 0.0642 of the variations in the response that cannot be attributed to the significant independent terms. The clear exemption of statistically insignificant terms in the model was through the forward screening method under the condition (p - value≤ α = 0.05). Table 5. ANOVA for reduced quadratic model at 32 -hours . Source Sum of squares Df Mean Squares F-value p-value prob>F Regression model 34.51 8 4.31 50.18 <0.0001 X1-Feed conc. 12.74 1 12.74 148.28 <0.0001 X2-Feed flow 2.49 1 2.49 28.95 <0.0001 X4-Sweep conc. 9.25 1 9.25 107.66 <0.0001 X1X2 1.24 1 1.24 14.38 0.0012 X1X4 3.01 1 3.01 34.97 <0.0001 𝑋12 0.4585 1 0.4585 5.33 0.0323 𝑋22 0.6027 1 0.6027 7.01 0.0159 𝑋42 0.4645 1 0.4645 5.40 0.0313 Residuals 1.63 19 0.0859 Pure Error 0.0018 3 0.0006 Standard deviation = 0.2932; Mean= 8.43; CV %= 3.48; Actual R2= 0.9548; Predicted R2=0.8736 ;Adjusted R2= 0.9358; Adequate Precision = 22.8386 The ANOVA in Table 5 revealed that the first order ( X1, X 2, X4), two way interaction (X1X2 and X1X4) and pure quadratic effect (𝑋12,𝑋22 and 𝑋42) were highly significant for Al3+ transport. More so, the F -value of 50.18 implied the model term wa s stati stically significant and there wa s only 0.01% chance that the large F -value could be due to noise. F -values of the independent variables X1, X 2 and X3 were 148.28, 28.95 and 107.66 respectively. Considering the F -values, the effect of independent variables on Al3+ mobility was therefore high for variables with high F -value. The calcul ated CV of 3.48% further assented to the reliability of the model. A measure of the relative dispersion with respect to the mean provides information on the reproducibility, repeatability and precision of th e model, where ; CV<10% [47,48] . Also, the adequate relationship between the signal –to-noise ratio must exist to inform that the model can be used to navigate the design space. The signal to noise ration given by the adequacy precision, was 22.839 and that was > 4. T herefore the noise level did not compete with useful information from the model. 4.1.2 Diagnostic plots The predicted versus actual normality probability of residuals and the residuals versus run plot are used to evaluate the goodness -of-fit of the model. The good correlation between the actual and predicted mobility is depicted by the well distribution of the actual values to the predicted value line. The model pred -R2 and adj. R2 within 20% was found to be significantly acceptable. Meloun and Militky [49], suggested that a model could be used after a residual analysis has been performed , whereby the residual analysis is used to investigate outli ers and detect influential observations. In Figure 3a, the diagnostic plot of the model with the predicted R2 of 0.8736 showed that data points were close to the diagonal line. Likewise in Figure 3b, the data points of the residuals follow ed a normal distr ibution as maximum plots are interlocked with the straight line. Furthering the residual analysis, Fig ure 3c showed a conformance to a random non -linear scattering trend along the run number and absenc e of outliers. As such, there was no time related vari able lurking at the background. Whi le the negative residual implies an over prediction, a positive residual indicates a low prediction. A plot close to the estimated regr ession line at zero (0) expounded on the exactness of prediction. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 29 November 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0370.v1 Peer-reviewed version available at Processes 2020, 8, 160; doi:10.3390/pr8020160" 797 W4214773641.pdf 7 "Vaccines 2022 ,10, 357 8 of 10 detected, thus suggesting that the NF9 peptide could induce early immune system acti- vation and efficient cytokine production, leading to a faster immune response, and thus reducing SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogenicity. 3.3. C/H-CrUPs Altered Architecture around the Spike-Cleavage Site(s) of the Omicron Variant The molecular mechanism of Spike protein’s proteolytic activation has been shown to play a crucial role in the selection of host species, virus–cell fusion, and the viral infection of human lung cells [ 13–15]. Spike protein [SPIKE_SARS2 (P0DTC2)] contains three cleavage sites (known as S-cleavage sites) crucial for the virus fusion to the host cell: the R685#S and R815#S positions that serve as direct targets of the Furin protease, and the T696#M position that can be recognized by the TMPRSS2 protease [16–18]. In these cleavage sites, the Omicron variant carries only the critical mutation P681H, which also appears in the Alpha variant (Figure 1B). Strikingly, in contrast to the Delta variant, which contains the P681R mutation, the P681H mutation constructs several new C/H-CrUPs in the Alpha and Omicron variants, thus indicating their dispensable contribu- tion to virus fusion to the host cell (Table 4). Table 4. C/H-CrUPs arround the Spike protein cleavage sites. Cleavage Site Mutation Variant Position New C/H-CrUPs R685#SP681R Delta 680 SRRRAR #S P681H Alpha Omicron677 QTNSH 678 TNSHR 680 SHRRAR T696#M A701V Beta None R815#S None None None C/H-CrUPs around the mutant positions of Spike protein cleavage sites are presented. Symbol “ #” indicates the protein cleavage positions. 4. Conclusions Core Unique Peptides constitute a distinct and important group of peptides within a proteome. The identification of CrUPs in an organism (e.g., virus, microbe, or mutant pro- tein) against a distinct proteome of another organism is a completely novel approach, which could prove useful for the understanding of the action of microorganisms, the association of novel pharmacological targets with therapies, and the design of novel vaccines. It could be employed in many different kinds of diseases, such as cancer, athropozoans diseases, the design of vaccines for pathogenic viruses, and the identification of new antigenic epitopes capable for the development of new diagnostic or therapeutic antibodies. Therefore, we applied this dynamic and novel strategy, for the first time, in the identification of CrUPs derived from SARS-CoV-2 against the human proteome [ 1]. In that study, we analyzed all the CrUP peptides of all SARS-CoV-2 variants against the proteome of the host organism, which in our case was Human sapiens . Remarkably, this approach clearly revealed the immune escaping capacity, the contagious power and the high pathogenicity of Delta variant, in contrast to other variants. Notably, these findings have been confirmed by epidemiological data concerning the course of the disease. In the present study, we engaged this approach to the analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The analysis of C/H-CrUP landscapes in the heavily mutated SARS-CoV- 2 Omicron variant Spike protein unveiled that the Omicron variant, by the generation of novel multi-mutated C/H-CrUPs, could escape the immune system defense mechanisms, while these C/H-CrUP-specific mutations could facilitate more efficient virus binding to the ACE2 cellular receptor, and a more productive fusion of the virus to the host cell. Most importantly, in contrast to the Delta variant, the intact NF9 peptide in the Omicron variant," 798 W2793576794.pdf 1 "International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2018 Page: 573 convection are used to compare the result from with various heat transfer parameter in case hiTRAN tube insert Chandrasker et al (2010-2011) conducted the experiments which involve usage of a wire coil insert fitted in circular tube which showed that there was rise in heat transfer rate with insignificant rise in friction factor in plain tube and tube with wire coil inserts. Saqr and Musa (2009) investigated the consequence of repetitive fin discontinuity on convective heat transfer coefficient for pipes with internal longitudinal fins and found that smaller the discontinuity off set distance higher is heat transfer coefficient. Thome (1997) investigated that the proper usage of tubular heat transfer enhancement techniques will be able to minimize the linier dimensions of tube of heat exchanger about 25 to 75% when checked with plain empty tube heat exchanger. Hosseini et al (2007) experimentally studied the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of shell and tube heat exchanger by providing various external tube surfaces. The main reason that the shell and tube heat exchangers are generally being employed in energy and chemical industries are due to their moderately simple manufacturing is involved and their flexible in nature of installation to the different operating condition. Manufacturing and operating cost of any heat exchangers are impacted by internally depended parameters for example heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. The modern types of inserts are used on tube side to improve the turbulence so has to enhance the heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness of heat exchanger. The present scenario of increased effect on climatic condition more efficient heat transfer equipments are mandatory for automotive and production industries with heat exchanger compact in size with optimizing heat transfer techniques. The usage of different tabulators on tube side results in improved heat transfer characteristics which reduces the equipment size. The main purpose of this work is to study the enhancement in heat transfer characteristics and its effect on pressure drop using wire matrix inserts under the laminar flow condition in shell and tube heat exchanger. 1.1 Introduction to hiTRAN wire matrix inserts: Sometimes the problem to be solved is simple-poor thermal performance. Although the heat exchanger designer always aim for high heat transfer coefficient this can sometimes be difficult to achieve with a conventional plain tube design. In many cases this due to the properties of tube side fluid such as high viscosity and low thermal conductivity. Occasionally low heat transfer rates are a consequence of the arrangement of the exchanger such as when single pass tube bundles are require. Whatever the reason, poor tube side performance can usually be avoided by considering the use of heat transfer enhancement technologies. Engineering devices such as hiTRAN matrix elements in variably provides increased heat transfer relative to the plain tube. When fluid flow through the plain tube the fluid nearest to the wall is subjected to the frictional drag which has the effect of slowing down the fluid at the wall this laminar boundary layer can significantly reduce the tube side heat transfer coefficient and consequently the performance of heat exchanger. Inserting correctly the profiled hiTRAN wire matrix element into the tube will disrupt the laminar boundary layer, creating the additional fluid shear and mixing, her by minimizing the effect of frictional drag. hiTRAN wire matrix tabulators are particularly effective at enhancing heat transfer efficiency in tubes operating at low Reynolds number (Laminar to transitional flow). Although heat transfer increase is greatest in the laminar flow region (up to 16 times) significant benefits can be obtained in the transitional flow regime (up to 12 times) and turbulent regime (up to 3 times). Whilst there is an increase in frictional resistance associated with hiTRAN system, the amount of enhancement such that solution can be found which offer increased heat transfer at equivalent or low pressure drop than a plain tube. Fig.1 High density hiTRAN inserts. " 799 W4392398878.pdf 5 "MELLO, P.H.C.; ALTOÉ, S.P.S.; GDIRÃO, G.S.M., et al., revista Matéria, v.29, n.1, 2024 2.4. Determinação da resistência a compressão A resistência à compressão do concreto foi determinada conforme a norma NBR 5739:2018 – Concreto – Ensaio de compressão de corpos e prova cilíndricos [14], com aplicação de carga axial constante de 0,45 MPa por minuto, com variação máxima permitida de 0,15 MPa. O ensaio cessou ao ocorrer queda abrupta no carrega - mento, indicando o rompimento do corpo de prova. Os corpos de prova possuem 10 cm de diâmetro e 20 cm de altura, respeitando as tolerâncias mínimas, dispensando fatores de correção. Foram realizados ensaios em 12 corpos de prova para cada traço de concreto, em duas idades: 56 e 90 dias, com 6 corpos de prova por idade. A determinação da resistência à compressão do concreto é dada pela Equação 1: 4. = .cFfDπ (1) Em que: fc = resistência à compressão do concreto (Mpa); F = força máxima alcançada (N); D = diâmetro do corpo de prova (mm). Também foram medidos os deslocamentos verticais dos CP´s utilizando de um medidor de desloca - mento, para obtenção do módulo de elasticidade estático do concreto, o ensaio foi realizado conforme dem - ostrado na Figura 6. Figura 6: Configuração do ensaio de compressão." 800 W1600253194.pdf 2 "3 Rev Saúde Pública 2013;47(6):1-8 The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the degree of implementation of the Brazilian Breastfeeding Network and the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 916 infants aged less than six months in Ribeirao Preto, SP, Southeastern Brazil, in August 2011. The data were obtained from the Projeto Amamentação e Municípios – Breastfeeding and Municipalities Project (AMAMUNIC), which since 1998 has annually collected data on breastfeeding practices in infants aged less than 1 year, on the day of the Campanha Nacional de Vacinação contra a Poliomielite – National Poliomyelitis Vaccination Campaign. a This data includes closed questions on consumption of breast milk, other milk and foods, referring to the day preceding the survey. 14 The AMAMUNIC uses current status as this recommended for describing infant feeding practices in order to mini- mize memory bias. 17 Characteristics of mother and baby are obtained, including where the routine health care monitoring takes place. The sample size required was 1,000 infant aged less than 1 year, which would enable the prevalence of different infant health related events to be estimated with 95% certainty, within the confidence intervals of a maximum ± 3.0%; this accuracy was expected for events with a prevalence of 50.0%. 4 The sample was obtained by systematically two stage sampling: first, the (clustered) vaccination points were selected, followed by selecting infants in each location. As all infants had the same probability of belonging to the selected sample, this was considered equiprobabilistic: larger points had a greater chance of being selected in the first stage, and infants at smaller points had a greater chance of being selected in the second stage. 14 Only infants aged less than six months and born in maternity wards in the municipality of Ribeirao Preto, SP, were included. Those for whom no data was avail - able on place of birth were excluded from the analyses. A total of 1,755 infants aged less than one year partici - pated in the AMAMUNIC, of which 953 were aged less than six months. Of these, 37 were excluded as they did not meet the eligibility criteria. Thus, 916 infants less than six months were included. Ribeirao Preto, SP, is a medium sized municipality in the northeast of the state of Sao Paulo, 313 km from the state capital. f In 2011, it had around 618 thousand inhabitants, an infant mortality rate of 9.8 and 11,790 live births, almost all of which took place in hospital.g,h The Primary Care network in Ribeirao Preto, SP, has 40 health care units, including 30 PHCU and six family health care units. In 2011, fifteen units took part in the Breastfeeding Network Workshop, eight of them becoming certified. The following criteria, proposed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health for certifying PHCU, were used: participation of at least 80.0% of the team in the Workshop; monitoring breastfeeding indicators in the area they cover (using the Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional – Food and Nutrition Surveillance System); carrying out at least one campaign agreed in the above mentioned workshop; and creating and implementing a flowchart of mother-baby care during the period of breastfeeding. Each unit in the Network has a tutor responsible for monitoring their development of activities encouraging breastfeeding and for assisting the team in case of difficulties. b The outcome of this study was exclusive breastfeeding (EB), meaning the infant receives only breast milk, no other types of liquid or solid food.17 The covariates correspond to the characteristics of the infant (age in days, sex: male; female, birth weight: < 2,500 g; 2,500 g and over, type of birth: vaginal or cesarean); and of the mother (age group: < 20; 20 to 35; 35 and over, previous births: first birth; multiparous, work status: working outside the home; not working outside the home; on maternity leave, s'chooling in years of study: ≤ 8; 9 to 11; and 12 or more). The factor studied corresponded to where outpatient care took place. These were stratified as follows, dividing the public network into categories that expressed to what degree the Network was established: private; non-Network Public (had not participated in a Breastfeeding Network Workshop and were not certified by the Network); Public with Network Workshop (participated in a Breastfeeding Network Workshop but were not certified by the Network); and Public certified by Network. The association between independent variables and the response variable was assessed by unadjusted analysis using the Chi-square test. The individualized effect of the factor studied on EB was assessed using Poisson regression analysis with robust variance. Values for the unadjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained based on this analysis. The Poisson f Prefeitura da Cidade de Ribeirão Preto. Dados Geográficos: Ribeirão Preto; 2012 [cited 2012 Sept 28]. Available from: http://www. ribeiraopreto.sp.gov.br/crp/dados/local/i01localacesso.htm g Fundação SEADE. Perfil Municipal de Ribeirão Preto. São Paulo; 2012 [cited 2012 Sept 28]. Available from: http://www.seade.gov.br/ produtos/perfil/perfil.php h Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos. Nascidos Vivos - Ribeirão Preto (SP). Dados referentes a Nascidos Vivos no Município de Ribeirão Preto. Ribeirão Preto; 2012 [cited 2012 Sept 28]. Available from: http://www.ribeiraopreto.sp.gov.br/ssaude/vigilancia/vigep/tabnet/ i16nascidos.php" 801 W1970136038.pdf 6 "observed in splenocytes, and Ad-CA-gagopt was the most effective at inducing triple producers and double producers, INF- cand CD107a. There appears to be an inconsistence between data of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. This is thought to be the one by difference of the character of two assays. Tetramer assay measure antigen-specific T cell numbers, whereas multicolor ICS assay measure antigen- specific T cell functions. These assays are not necessarily equivalent [30,31]. To express two antigens in a bicistronic vector, we used three different approaches, IRES-, F2A-dependent or a fusion type. The F2A-dependant second gene showed a greater efficiency of expression in HeLa cells and higher immunogenicity in mice. Difficulties regarding the expression efficiency of the second gene have been reported in the use of IRES elements and fusion type genes. IRES-dependant expression can be significantly lower than cap-dependant expression [16]. On the other hand, F2A- dependant expression was very stable in cell lines and in mice [32]. We speculate that this difference in expression efficiency of the second gene depends on the mode of expression. IRES sequences allow the initiation of translation in a cap-independentway [15] and F2A sequences work as a self-cleavage site in peptides [18,33]. To our knowledge, there are no reports about the comparison of second gene expression dependent on adapter sequences. Probably, this F2A-dependant cleavage occurs more efficiently than internal ribosomal binding in mammalian cells. AsSyzmczak et al. pointed out, the small 2A peptide at the end of the C-terminus of the protein may contribute to the antigenicity of proteins [32]. The F2A sequences used in this study were 2A sequences adjacent to a furin cleavage site; most of the Gag protein had no additional peptide at its C-terminus, and free-2A peptide should exist in mice [17]. However, in rare cases the Gag protein can still have a small peptide at its C-terminus. We investigated the immunogenicity of Gag, the first gene in the bicistronic vector, by the H-2K d/p24 tetramer assay. Significant differences in Gag- specific immunity were not detected between the three types of linkage (data not shown). There is not sufficient information regarding the safety of the F2A peptide in the clinical setting.Further research should be conducted for F2A-dependant bicistronic vectors with the aim of advancing towards clinical trials. Although the efficiency of expression of the fusion protein was the second best in this study, the immunogenicity of Env induced by Ad-GE was approximately the same as Ad-G-IRES-E. Ad-GE expresses the Env protein not only as a single protein but also as a fusion protein (Fig. 6B). Whether processing of this fusion proteinoccurs in the proteasome or whether some TAP-dependent transaction steps take place in the antigen presentation cells has not been established. It is likely that the Gag part of the fusion protein was processed properly since immune responses to Gag were observed using the tetramer assay (data not shown). The Figure 7. HIV clade C Env-specific humoral immune response. HIV clade C Env-specific Ab titer was measured by ELISA. The mice (6/group) were immunized with 1 6108pfu of Ad vector (Ad-G-IRES-E, Ad-GE, or Ad-G-F2A-E). Eight hundred-fold diluted immune sera were used for ELISA. The ELISA plate was coated with HIV clade C Env peptide. The detection of Env-specific Ab titer was performed at an absorbance of 450nm. This assay wasperformed with 6 individual mice sera. Data represent the means 6S.E.M. and are representative of two independent experiments. *, p,0.05; **,p,0.01. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030302.g007Optimized Ad5/35 HIV Vaccine PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 7 January 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 1 | e30302" 802 W4290466587.pdf 11 "Appl. Sci. 2022 ,12, 7893 12 of 16 a balanced tree. Although the BIRCH algorithm is a very efficient algorithm, in terms of search pattern, it obtained patterns close to those of standard clustering algorithms in our study focused on capturing similar job postings. In Tables 4 and 5, the complexity analyses for the five different job groups are detailed, where we selected all features using the FP-Growth algorithm. Table 4. Complexity tests (time) with feature selection (FP-Growth). Algorithms Acc. (ms) CSE (ms) Mar. (ms) MI (ms) Coo. (ms) DQ 25,122 16,197 9712 5982 496 SOM 7972 4654 4387 2765 287 Kmeans++ 6712 3423 4162 2871 301 BIRCH 1187 1019 879 497 58 S-CF Tree(2) 873 578 492 259 57 S-CF Tree(3) 871 581 501 271 59 S-CF Tree(4) 877 583 498 268 58 Table 5. Complexity tests (#hops) with feature selection (FP-Growth). Algorithms Acc. CSE Mar. MI Coo. DQ - - - - - SOM 737 307 278 142 16 Kmeans++ 737 307 278 142 18 BIRCH 29 10 9 8 6 S-CF Tree(2) 20 16 16 16 8 S-CF Tree(3) 21 18 18 18 9 S-CF Tree(4) 20 16 16 16 8 The first outcome of this analysis is that due to the dimensionality reduction operations, noticeable increases in performance were observed for all datasets. As the second outcome, the best performances in terms of both time and number of hops were observed for algorithms using a tree data structure. However, in all versions of the proposed S-CF Tree algorithm, better performances were achieved in terms of time compared to the BIRCH algorithm. Finally, for all datasets, it was found that the variety of the number of clusters in any entity in the S-CF Tree did not have an effect on the hop counts and time. In Table 6, the complexity analyses performed for five different job groups are de- tailed, again eliminating some features with the FP-Growth algorithm. The analyses were performed by measuring the accuracy according to the SSE values. The accuracy values of DQs were obtained similar to those in Table 3. The values in Table 6 show that the SSE values slightly increased as some significant features had been eliminated by FP-Growth. It can be observed that the SSE values of the S-CF Tree versions increased, which presented the highest accuracy values by between 6% and 7%. Table 6. Accuracy tests without feature selection (FP-Growth). Algorithms Acc. CSE Mar. MI Coo. DQ 12,982 10,079 7129 3609 598 SOM 7235 7001 3862 2198 190 Kmeans++ 7249 6909 3871 2012 187 BIRCH 7148 5991 3810 2911 190 S-CF Tree(2) 3597 2388 3019 2617 187 S-CF Tree(3) 3590 2398 3029 2603 182 S-CF Tree(4) 3599 2487 3022 2612 182" 803 W4308120819.pdf 10 "Cells 2022 ,11, 3459 11 of 18 3.5. DJK-5 Reduced the Cellular Stress Response to Amino Acid Starvation Host integrated stress response can shape the innate immune response during infec- tions through detection of cellular stresses and damages caused by pathogenic bacteria regardless of their specific virulence factors [ 35]. MRSA biofilm infection increased skin metabolism including rRNA processing ( p= 4.310" 804 W3107127464.pdf 9 "against B41, although the small molecule was not able to neutralize other viruses in the 12 -member global 205 panel (Fig. 4 , A and B ). At high concentration (30 µM) some neutralization against the negative control 206 A-MLV was measured ( Fig. 4C ). Interestingly, the T -20 control also showed some non-specific effects 207 against A -MLV , but this non-specificity was not seen for BMS -626529 ( Fig. 4C ). Due to its measured 208 inhibition and relative specificity towards HIV-1, we next investigate d GO52 further by cryo -EM. 209 210 GO52 binds the trimer base via aromatic interactions with gp41 211 During our previous cryo-EM attempts, we noticed that the complexes, particularly the trimers, 212 had a tendency to dissociate over time in the presence of small molecules (Fig. S3F) . Presumably, this 213 destabilization occurs from the presence of the solvent, or even the trapping of an energetically 214 unfavorable state of the FP. To circumvent this, we used glutaraldehyde to crosslink the B41-CD4 -17b 215 complex to stabilize it prior to small molecule addition. Indeed, fewer dissociated protomer particles were 216 seen in the frozen samples , with an estimated 28% of particles resembling dissociated protomers compared 217 to ~60% in the GO35 sample (Fig. S5A). Ultimately, a 3.6 Å cryo-EM reconstruction reveal ed that GO52 218 binds in the predicted pocket, and major interactions involve conserved Y586 and F522, and a rarely 219 occurring (1.5% of sequences) F518 that is found in B41 Env (Fig. 5B, fig. S5B, and table S1). The FP 220 is reconfigured compared to the DDM-bound complex such that the side chain of F518 supplants the F522 221 side chain from the DDM -bound complex. F522 now becomes a secondary contact to GO52 and is trapped 222 between F518 and L537 (of FPPR) (Fig. 5C). F518 forms a cluster of five aromatic rings (F518, F522 and 223 Y586 of gp41, Y40 of gp120, and the methylbiphenyl group of GO52) (Fig. 5B ). 224 The C3-symmetric map suggests dynamic movement of the FP centered on F522 that is not simply 225 a difference in rotamers, so we generated an asymmetric reconstruction of the same dataset (~4.0 Å 226 resolution ) to investigate further (Fig. S5C, and table S1). In all three protomers, the phenyl group of 227 . CC-BY 4.0 International license available under a(which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted June 12, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.146654doi: bioRxiv preprint" 805 W2014698862.pdf 3 "ACTA ORTOP BRAS 13(4) - 2005 192aumento da velocidade angular média. Isto vai ao encontro do que foi apresentado na Figura 7b, onde a diferença do torque de resistência ( τ r) para as diferentes velocidades foi pequena. Desta forma, o incremento do τ r devido à variação do componente inercial parece não ter sido suficiente para exigir maiores níveis de exigência muscular. Ao contrário, durante a FP , a dife- rença entre os torques de resistên-cia foi mais acentuada (Fig. 7a). Em virtude dos menores valores de τ tb durante a FP , a variação do componente inercial na quantifica-ção do τ r parece ter sido suficiente para promover um aumento da exigência muscular, durante a extensão de joelho. Ao realizar o teste com V120, houve um aumento significativo do nível de atividade mioelétrica das porções dos músculos VMO, VML, VL e RF em relação ao movimento com velocidade angular de 60º/seg.De maneira similar a outros estudos, ao comparar a intensidade de ativação de cada músculo nas diferentes situações de teste, não foi possível identificar ativação seletiva do VMO (7,9). Estes resultados sugerem que o quadríceps atue como um complexo muscular, no qual a exigência de maior ativação muscular seja distribuída entre todas as suas porções. Matheson et al. (7) encontraram grande interação entre o RF , VL e o VMO em diferentes tipos de exercícios para reforço do quadríceps. Tobin e Robinson (2) afirmam que o VMO possui capacidade ine- rente para atingir os níveis de atividade do VL e esta capacidade encontra-se rompida em indivíduos com SDFP . Grabiner et al. (5) destacam que o VMO não é capaz de contribuir para a extensão do joelho, enquanto que o VL, além de gerar torque para extensão, promove uma tendência de lateralização da patela. Eles ainda identificaram que a eficiência do VL em estender o joelho é diminuída quando a patela encontra-se lateralizada. Concluindo que a função do VMO é, justamente, promover esta-bilização dinâmica medial da patela e otimizar a atividade do VL. Visto que este estudo envolveu indivíduos sadios, os resultados Fixação oblíqua (FO): linha continua. Fixação paralela (FP): linha tracejada. Figura 5 - Torque gerado pelo peso do segmento perna-pé em função do ângulo de flexão do joelho. desta pesquisa corroboram com as afirmações destes autores. Matheson et al. (7) comentam que na medida em que não foi encontrada uma forma de reforçar isoladamente o VMO, a relação entre o reforço muscular do quadríceps e a diminuição da dor patelar é incerta. No entanto, sugerem ser possível que o reforço muscular do quadríceps, ape-sar de inespecífico, promova ganhos de força em um de-terminado limiar que permita uma estabilização medial suficiente. Grelsamer (15) afirma que o reforço do quadríceps é benéfico para o tratamento da SDFP , desde que o exercício não provoque dor.É possível que a etiologia da SDFP pode ser uma interação entre fatores mecânicos e neuromusculares. Visto que alguns trabalhos indicam a possível existência de alterações do controle neuromuscular do quadríceps em indivíduos com SDFP , a razão para o sucesso da reabilitação destes pacientes pode estar, também, vinculada à reeducação de aspectos neuromotores (3,5). Owings e Grabiner(3) sugerem a presença de uma ruptura no controle do quadríceps para contrações excêntricas. Voight e Wie-der (8) destacam que indivíduos com SDFP podem apresentar um desequilíbrio neuromotor que promove um retardo no tempo de ativação reflexa do VMO em relação ao VL. Estes autores afirmam, ainda, que medidas específicas para reeducação do mecanismo extensor do joelho podem reverter este quadro. Alguns autores preconizam que o plano de tratamento de pacientes com SDFP deva considerar aspectos mecânicos e neuromusculares (5,15). Outro fator a ser considerado, é a possibilidade das condutas realizadas na reabilitação serem capazes de romper com a inibi-ção reflexa quadricipital, quando esta apresentação clínica estiver presente e, desta forma, obter-se melhora dos sintomas. Grabiner et al. (5) abordam esta questão sugerindo que dada a impossibilidade de reforçar isoladamente o VMO, talvez, o obje-tivo da fisioterapia deva voltar-se para recuperação ou conquista Figura 6 - Componente inercial para diferentes velocidades angulares médias.Figura 4 - Torque gerado pelo tubo elástico." 806 W807450044.pdf 19 "dziæ nowe, niemal automatyczne sankcje dla niesubordynowanych pañstw strefy euro. KE bê - dzie od nich ¿¹daæ nieoprocentowanego karnego depozytu w wysokoœci 0,2 proc. PKB, który UE odmra¿a³aby po powrocie do w³aœciwej polityki gospodarczej. W przeciwnym wypadkuKE naliczy odsetki, a depozyt przepadnie i stanie siê grzywn¹. Sankcje te nak³adane maj¹ byæw procedurze „g³osowania odwrotnego” . Oznacza to, ¿e ka¿dorazowo wniosek KE o na³o¿e - nie sankcji bêdzie uznawany za przyjêty, chyba ¿e w ci¹gu 10 dni ministrowie finansów UE-27 odrzuc¹ go kwalifikowan¹ wiêkszoœci¹ g³osów. Odsetki od depozytów oraz grzywnyzostan¹ rozdzielone pomiêdzy pañstwa strefy euro, do których sytuacji gospodarczo-bud¿eto - wej nie ma ¿adnych zastrze¿eñ. Sankcje stan¹ siê naturaln¹ konsekwencj¹, której mog¹ spodziewaæ siê uchybiaj¹ce swoim zobowi¹zaniom pañstwa cz³onkowskie strefy euro – zapo - wiedzia³a KE. W dyskusjach nad zacieœnieniem dyscypliny Polska opowiedzia³a siê za równym trakto - waniem wszystkich pañstw Unii, aby zapobiec pog³êbianiu podzia³ów na strefê euro i pañ - stwa, które jeszcze nie przyjê³y wspólnej waluty. Ale nowe sankcje obejm¹ na razie tylko strefê euro, bowiem prawnicy Komisji doszli do wniosku, ¿e dla ca³ej UE nie da siê ich wpro - wadziæ bez zmian traktatowych. W celu zwiêkszenia dyscypliny finansowej w ca³ej UE, niemiecki minister finansów Wolfgang Schauble w liœcie z 23 wrzeœnia 2010 roku do swych odpowiedników w UE zaapelo- wa³ o jak najsurowsze i najszersze sankcje, w tym polegaj¹ce na zamra¿aniu subwencji unijnych(np. funduszy rolnych i strukturalnych) dla niesubordynowanych pañstw cz³onkowskich. Nieby³o jednak zgody na takie rozwi¹zanie ze strony wszystkich ministrów UE-27 w ramach gru-py „task force” pod kierunkiem Przewodnicz¹cego Rady Europejskiej Hermana Van Rom-puya, która dyskutowa³a, jak wzmocniæ dyscyplinê bud¿etow¹ i zarz¹dzanie gospodarczew UE. Chc¹c jednak zmusiæ cz³onków strefy euro do trzymania w ryzach wydatków publicz-nych, KE zaproponowa³a now¹ zasadê, by roczny wzrost wydatków publicznych nie przekracza³ œredniej stopy wzrostu PKB , chyba ¿e rz¹dy znajd¹ nowe dochody na pokrycie dodatkowych wydatków. Trzeba zerwaæ z obecn¹ w przesz³oœci polityk¹ samozadowolenia powszechn¹ w czasie dobrej koniunktury. Czêœæ prewencyjna Paktu Stabilnoœci i Wzrostu ma zapewniæ, bypañstwa prowadzi³y rozwa¿n¹ politykê bud¿etow¹ w czasach dobrej koniunktury, tak aby mócdysponowaæ odpowiednim buforem na czas pogorszenia warunków – argumentowa³a Komi - sja. Dlatego istniej¹ca procedura nadmiernego deficytu (powy¿ej 3 proc. PKB) bêdzie groziæ tak¿e za nadmierny d³ug publiczny, przekraczaj¹cy 60 proc. PKB. Ponadto KE zapropono - wa³a nowy element unijnych ram nadzoru gospodarczego: procedurê nadmiernego zaburze - nia równowagi gospodarczej. Bêdzie ona obejmowaæ regularnie prowadzon¹ ocenê ryzyka zaburzeñ równowagi finansowej, opieraj¹c¹ siê na zestawie wskaŸników takich jak saldo han - dlowe, koszt si³y roboczej, dynamika cen nieruchomoœci, d³ug publiczny w stosunku do PKB itp. Jeœli KE uzna, ¿e jest ryzyko funkcjonowania unii gospodarczo-walutowej, Rada UE maprzyjmowaæ zalecenia i wszczynaæ procedurê karn¹. Cz³onkom strefy eur o i w tym przypadku gro¿¹ sankcje: coroczna grzywna w wysokoœci 0,1 proc. PKB 25. Na pocz¹tku 2011 roku, w wa¿nym, ale i trudnym dla Unii Europejskiej momencie rozwo - jowym pojawi³o siê roczne sprawozdanie gospodarcze, rozpoczynaj¹ce pierwszy „europejski okres oceny” . Stwierdzono w nim, ¿e po dwóch trudnych latach ( 2009–2010) zintegrowana Europa powoli, ale jednak podnosi siê z recesji. O¿ywienie gospodarcze nasila siê i nabieratempa, mimo ¿e rynki krajowe oraz sektor finansowy ci¹gle jeszcze wymagaj¹ skoordynowa -78 Maciej WALKOWSKI PP 1 ’12 25Ibidem oraz Ostry kurs polityki bud¿etowej KE , PAP/af, www.forbes.pl." 807 W4385987394.pdf 4 "34 Broderick L, et al. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH reported that SLE-associated OD had significantly affected their ability to socialize; one participant stated: “… it’s really impacted me because I’m basically a hermit. I don’t leave my house” [ID 024, female, OD: dermatological, musculo- skeletal, diabetes, premature gonadal failure, pulmonary, renal]. Participants described how stepping back from meaningful social con- nections had led to feelings of isolation and how their need to do so was linked to physical symptoms of OD, risk of infections, sensitivity to sun/extreme temperatures or an inability to make plans because of un- predictable symptoms. SLE-associated OD complicated participants’ family relationships (n = 30; 75%). They spoke of the difficulties they and their families encountered when their physical health deteriorated and their need to rely on others increased, their feelings of being a burden to their families, and changes in their relationship dynamics. As participants may outwardly appear healthy, many of those interviewed felt misunderstood by family and friends who lacked understanding of what it means to live with OD and the debilitating nature of symp- toms, further complicating relationships. Issues of intimacy, including physical intimacy, within relationships were also highlighted by inter- viewees with partners while others were reluctant to pursue a new rela- tionship because of the complications associated with OD.Table 2. Patient Descriptions of the Impact of SLE-Associated OD T opic Example Patient Quote Physical functioning: Severe fatigue“Fatigue is, is terrible… There are days when you wake up, you’re okay, you’re, you know, you’re doing your thing and then, it just kind of hits you like a… ton of bricks. And, you’re like, that’s it. I’m done. I’m gonna go lay down, and nobody bother me. And that’s just, kind of, how it goes. And you never know when this ton of bricks is gonna hit you.” — ID 018, female; OD: dermatological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, peripheral vascular, pulmonary Cognitive functioning “… my brain is always super foggy, like, I used to pride myself on being super witty and, you know, being able to have a conversation that would change, you know, topics all the time and I could, I could keep up. I was a great conversationalist. And now, I honestly, I feel like somebody stole half my IQ… I used to be a pharmacy technician… If I gave them the wrong medication, or the wrong dose. Or didn’t check to see if there’s interactions… it is a lot of responsibilities and I loved my job, but it was getting to be… difficult… instead of double-checking every prescription, I was having to, you know, check five, six, seven times. And, I was having to have… my employees, the people that worked for me and under me, check my work for m.e”. — ID 015, female; OD: cardiovascular, dermatological, musculoskeletal, ocular, renal Psychosocial functioning: Emotional“I find myself getting more irritable, I find myself just waking up angry at life, some days I can be the strongest woman in the world and some days I want to stay a fetal position and cry, but I call those my soulless moments and that’s how I defeat that feeling so what? You have lupus, so what, you have organ damage, so what you’re going through these things? Look at the positive things you’ve achieved, you have five degrees, you have beautiful children, you have um… businesses that you have created on your own, you are fierce, you can do it, so I kind of encourage myself. Because at this point in my life, I feel confined, restricted, I feel less than a mother um, a spouse, I feel as if my life is deteriorating before my eyes and nobody can help me.” — ID 010, female; OD: cardiovascular, dermatological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, neuropsychiatric, ocular, peripheral vascular, pulmonary, renal Psychosocial functioning: Social“… it’s a fatigue in my body to the point where I feel like I can’t do something… it’s past exhaustion… I have never had this before I was diagnosed… I was tired, but I could function. This is sometimes to the point where I don’t feel I can function… I was uh real active in making crafts and doing things you know around my house um, gardening, stuff like that, the fatigue is so bad I don’t feel like I can do that anymore… as far as going out, I used to exercise a lot and I find that I’m… I just feel so tired that when my friends call me and say, ‘hey do you want to go walking?’ I can’t motivate myself to go walking because I just have… it’s like a heaviness and I can’t… I just can’t do it. And I’m afraid to commit to things because I’m afraid I’ll get like halfway through and then I’ll stop.” — ID 036, female, OD: dermatological, musculoskeletal, ocular, renal Psychosocial functioning: Relationships“[My previous partner] was trying to push me more saying oh come on, you can go, go, go and then when he… saw that I physically had to sit down and I couldn’t do things, it changed the dynamics of our relationship… it’s changed our roles because he feels like he has to be a caregiver instead of my equal… and with my son um you know, we used to go to movies all the time um I, at one time was in law enforcement and he is now in law enforcement and we used to go to the range, you know and, and keep up our, our skills and I can’t do that anymore… So, it’s changed that dynamic as well.” — ID 009, female; OD: musculoskeletal, renal Economic and work- related well-being“I did manage to keep working, you know, up until about 2010 and I just couldn’t do it anymore. I just couldn’t… And, you know, fortunately I managed to get my disability, a lot of people aren’t able to do it and you know, it’s… it’s difficult but um, I got it and then that was a huge lifestyle change again for me… I’m in uh public housing so… there’s no way that I could be able to live on my own, you know, out in the real world because it’s too expensive… I don’t know what I would do. You know, I get a whole whopping $16 in food stamps… that at times can be an issue because you know, you only have so much money to spend and then it’s gone so…um…you know, it can be an issue sometimes.” — ID 033, female; OD: gastrointestinal, peripheral vascular, pulmonary Overall impact of SLE- associated OD compared with SLE without OD“It wasn’t that much of an issue before the organs were involved, um, but I say that looking back, I mean at the time I felt terrible, but now that I… once I developed the organ damage I look back, I’m like oh I wish I could go back to then.” — ID 041, female; OD: dermatological, musculoskeletal Abbreviations: OD, organ damage; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus." 808 W4313556442.pdf 2 "Jiang et al. /one.tnum/zero.tnum./three.tnum/three.tnum/eight.tnum/nine.tnum/fneur./two.tnum/zero.tnum/two.tnum/two.tnum./one.tnum/one.tnum/one.tnum/two.tnum/six.tnum/two.tnum/four.tnum Publisher’s note All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authorsanddonotnecessarilyrepresentthoseoftheiraffiliatedorganizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed orendorsedbythepublisher. References 1. Shi Z, Miao C, Schoepf UJ, Savage RH, Dargis DM, Pan C, et al. A clinically applicable deep-learning model for detecting intracrani al aneurysmin computed tomography angiography images. Nat Commun . (2020) 11:6090.doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19527-w Frontiersin Neurology /zero.tnum/three.tnum frontiersin.org" 809 W4283268249.pdf 7 "Serum Myeloperoxidase and Asthma Severity Rep. Biochem. Mol. Biol, Vol. 11, No. 1, Apr 2022 189 31. Boxall C, Holgate ST, DE Davies . The contribution of transforming growth factor -β and epidermal growth factor signaling to airway remodelling in chronic asthma. 2006 ;27(1):208 -29. 32. Duvernelle C , Freund V, Frossard N. Transforming growth fact or-beta and its role in asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther . 2003;16(4):181 -96. 33. Carlson M, Håkansson L , Peterson C, Staelenheim G, Venge P. 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Possible anti - inflammatory effect of salmeterol against interleukin -8 and neutrophil activation in asthma in vivo. 2003 ;21(6): 994-9. " 810 W4378175656.pdf 16 "Page 17/17 Figure 7 The DCA curve." 811 W4390562268.pdf 11 "32°N. From this bend, the simulated trajectory runs along the 101°meridian. This trajectory ends at 43°N, the latitude of our 305 northernmost site. This trajectory passes over the middle of the present-day exposure of the Ogallala Formation and, hence, captures a representation of the atmospheric processes that result in δ18Opover the Great Plains. To test for the influence of westerly moisture in the Great Plains (as indicated by the HYSPLIT results), we initialized the vapor transport model with annual mean NARR data interpolated to a simplified 1-D trajectory representing the Westerlies (Figure 8). The trajectory latitude is chosen to lie in between the northern and southern boundary of the Ogallala Formation. 310 To account for the known effects of orographic rainout on westerly moisture (Lechler and Galewsky, 2013; Mix et al., 2019; Friedman et al., 2002), we use a simplified topography, based on the modern observed topographic profile, that follows a Gaussian shaped mountain with a flat plateau in the lee. 5 Results 5.1 Moisture sources and precipitation trajectories 315 Contour plots in Figures 3a-d show the percentage of trajectories that produce precipitation at 1000 m above ground level for each of the plotted locations throughout the year. Western sites receive a substantial portion of their moisture from westerly or southwesterly trajectories that traverse the high topography of the North American Cordillera. In particular, the northwestern- most site (Figure 3a), receives little moisture from the Gulf. In contrast, the southeastern-most site (Figure 3d) receives pre- dominantly Gulf moisture.These patterns vary somewhat seasonally, with Gulf/southeasterly moisture more dominant in the 320 spring and summer months and westerly moisture more dominant in the winter months. To better visualize how the contribu- tion of Gulf or southeasterly moisture varies with latitude and longitude, we use HYSPLIT’s clustering algorithm to calculate the fraction of storms that are sourced from the Gulf or southeast. Northern locations receive less gulf/southeasterly moisture than southern locations; however, regardless of latitude, the percentage of storms sourced from the Gulf increases to the east (Figure 3e). 325 12https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2075 Preprint. Discussion started: 28 September 2023 c Author(s) 2023. CC BY 4.0 License. " 812 W3153256719.pdf 6 "Figure2The…gureofthesolutionfor u(x;t)obtainedin Eq:(13)whenC1=3;b0=1;b1=2;v=4; =0:9;c=1: Case 3: a0=" 813 W2407196742.pdf 3 "Sustainability 2016 ,8, 506 4 of 12 TC1°rQiptotal final consumption " 814 W4246916821.pdf 16 "17 Kreps, iG. iL. i(1990) iOrganizational iCommunication i(2nd ied.). i(White iPlains, iNew iYork: i i Addison-Wesley iPublishing iCo., iInc.) i Mallinckrodt, iB., i& iLeong, iF. iT. i(1992). iSocial isupport iin iacademic iprograms iand ifamily i i environments: iSex idifferences iand irole iconflicts ifor igraduate istudents. iJournal iof i i Counseling i& iDevelopment, i70, i716-723. i Marrone, iS. iR. i(2005). iAttitudes, isubjective inorms, iand iperceived ibehavioural icontrol: iCritical i icare inurses’ iintentions ito iprovide iculturally icongruent icare ito iArab iMuslims. i(Ph.D. i Thesis). iColumbia iUniversity, iUSA. i Martin, iJ. iN., iand iThomas iK. iNakayama, iIntercultural iCommunication iin iContexts, i i 5th ied. i(Boston, iMA: iMcGraw-Hill, i2010), i465. i Neuliep, iJ. iW. i(2012). iThe irelationship iamong iintercultural icommunication i iapprehension, iethnocentrism, iuncertainty ireduction, iand icommunication isatisfaction iduring iinitial iintercultural iinteraction: iAn iextension iof ianxiety iand iuncertainty imanagement i(AUM) itheory. iJournal iof iIntercultural iCommunication iResearch, i41, i1–16. idoi:10.1080/17475759.2011.623239 i[Taylor i& iFrancis iOnline], i[Google iScholar] i Ni, iL., i& iWang, iQ. i(2011). iAnxiety iand iuncertainty imanagement iin ian iintercultural isetting: i iThe iimpact ion iorganization-public irelationships. iJournal iof iPublic iRelations, i23(3), i i 269–301. i Oberg, iK. i(1960) iCulture ishock: iadjustment ito inew icultural ienvironments. iPractical i i Anthropology, i7: i177-82. i Penbek, iS., iYurdakul, iD., i& iCerit, iA. iG. i(July, i2009). iIntercultural icommunication icompetence: i i A istudy iabout ithe iintercultural isensitivity iof iuniversity istudents ibased ion itheir i i i ieducation iand iinternational iexperiences. iPaper ipresented iat ithe iEuropean i i and iMediterranean iConference ion iInformation iSystems i2009, iIzmir. i Rizvi, iFazal iand iLingard, iBob. i2010. iGlobalizing ieducation ipolicy. iLondon, iUK: iRoutledge. i Ruben, iB. i(1976). iAssessing icommunication icompetency ifor iintercultural iadaptation. i i i Groups iand iOrganization iStudies, i1, i334-354. i" 815 W4226051666.pdf 0 "Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3240 (Paper) ISSN 2224-3259 (Online) Vol.119, 2022 50 Globalization and the Sovereignty of African States in the Post-Colonial Era: A Contemporary Afrocentric Legal Perspective Michael U. Ukponu Melbourne Research Scholar, Melbourne Law School, T he University of Melbourne 185 Pelham St, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia Email: mukponu@student.unimelb.edu.au (correspondin g author) Sophia U. Okaruefe Senior Associate, The Law Partners (Barristers & So licitors) 10 Lachlan Close, Maitama, Abuja 900271, Nigeria Email: sophia_okaruefe@yahoo.co.uk Yusuf Sulayman School of Law, University of Portsmouth Richmond Building, Portland St, Portsmouth PO1 3DE, United Kingdom Email: yusuf.sulayman@port.ac.uk Janet E. Afonne Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Nig eria, Port Harcourt, Nigeria Email: janetafonne@gmail.com Nathaniel S. Odusola Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, U niversity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Email: nso561@usask.ca Abstract Globalization eases human interactions by integrati ng national systems into one international uniform system. Whereas globalization has proven to be more benefic ial for advanced and wealthier countries, poorer an d developing economies, including African countries, often get the short end of the stick albeit accompa nied with short-term benefits. Major international decisions geared towards fostering a globalized order are oft en reached and implemented without significant participation a nd input of African nations, with lasting impacts o n their respective political and socio-economic sovereignti es. Against this backdrop, this article offers an a dvisory to African policymakers and peoples that African state s tread with caution while engaging on the global s tage so that the benefits accruing from a globalized order are not a bait to perpetuate Africa’s accumulated underdevelopment. The article advocates a path towa rds rediscovery and recovery for African sovereignt y. African states should overhaul their international engagement strategies in order to have their voices heard, add value, and preserve their pride of place in global affairs. Keywords: Globalization, State sovereignty, Neo-liberalism, N eo-colonialism, Africa. This research did not receive any specific grant fr om funding agencies in the public, commercial, or n ot-for- profit sectors. The authors declare no conflict of interest. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/119-05 Publication date: March 31 st 2022 1. Introduction The description of the world as a Global Village (McLuhan 1996, [1] ; McLuhan 1962, 31 ) probably has its fons et origo in the phenomenon popularly termed Globalization, w hich slowly but steadily manifested from the 18 th century to current global realities ( Heshmati 2004, 2 ). Then, the phenomenon was used to describe the vi llage- like effect that mass media holds in the public spa ce ( McLuhan 1962, 21 and 31 ). There is hardly any gainsaying that globalization has now permeated virtually ever y aspect of human existence and interaction, from p olitics and public administration ( Srivastava 2009, 2 ) to transnational trade and financing, and culture and lifestyle (Heshmati 2004, 15 ; Upadhyay 2014 ), the positive and negative consequences thereof a ll intertwined and interrelated. Presently, globalization has borne it s proboscis of influence into law, justice administ ration, and legal practice ( Romero 2005 ). In the light of these experiences, globalization is a salient phenomenon that continues to influence events at both national and international arenas, thereby cementing the Global Village. Globalization means different things depending on w ho is performing the analysis. It has generated int erests and divisions amongst political and socio-economic scholars and commentators ( Adangor 2016, 7 ). It is perceived either as an elixir to the underdevelopme nt of the Third World or a tool of neo-colonialism by the" 816 W2954209455.pdf 11 "JHEP01(2020)179to NSSI. Additionally, to remove the dependence on the distance of the supernova from the detector (which a ects the absolute neutrino ux), and minimize the e ect of systematic errors, one can take ratios of events in di erent interaction channels or in di erent time bins. In the standard Hyper-K setup with only water, it is dicult to distinguish between IBD and ES interactions on an event by event basis. This is because electrons and positrons are indistinguishable in a water cherenkov detector, but two solutions are possible. ES and IBD events may be separated on a statistical basis by the angular distributions of the produced (anti-)lepton, as electrons from ES will be approximately forward going and positrons produced from IBD will be essentially isotropic. The second option is neutron tagging which the EGADS collaboration is currently investigating by doping water with Gadolinium [ 28]. If Gadolinium (Gd) is added to the water in Hyper-K then IBD inter- actions are identi able via the resultant neutron capture. Gadolinium has a substantial thermal neutron capture cross section of 49,000 barns and emits an 8 MeV gamma cascade which can be detected via its cherenkov light. At a concentration of 0.1{0.2% the eciency for neutron capture is roughly 90%. A combination of statistical, cut based methods as well as the addition of gadolinium could allow for IBD identi cation with an eciency between 90 " 817 W760967920.pdf 30 "Premier Jaros³aw Kaczyñski z³o¿y³ 30.10.06 jednodniow¹ wizytê robocz¹ w RFN , http://www.pol-niem.pl/index.php?page=1010600000, 3.11.2006. Regierungserklärung von Bundeskanzlerin Dr. Angela Merkel vor dem Deutschen Bundestag am 30. November 2005 in Berlin, „Bulletin der Bundesregierung”nr 93-1 z 30.11.2005, http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_1514/Con - tent/DE/Bulletin/2001__2005/2005/11/2005-11-30-regierungserklaer ung- -von-bundeskanzlerin-dr-angela-merkel-vor-dem-deutschen- bundestag-.html, 1.03.2006. Spotkanie Ministra Spraw Zagranicznych RP Pana Stefana Mellera z Ministrem Spraw Zagranicznych RFN Panem Frankiem-Walterem Steinmeierem , http://www.pol-niem.pl/index.php?page=1010600000, 15.12.2005. Publicystyka: „Der Tagesspiegel” 2006; „Der Spiegel” 2006; „Die Berliner Zeitung” 2007; „Die Ta - geszeitung” 2006; „Die Welt” 2006, 2008; „Die Zeit” 2006–2007; „Dziennik” 2008; „Fakt” 2008; „Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung” 2006–2007; „Frankfur-ter Rundschau” 2007; „Gazeta.pl” 2006; „Gazeta Wyborcza” 2005–2009;„Nowy Dzieñ” 2005; „PAP” 2005–2009; „Polityka” 2006; „Puls Biznesu”2006; „Rzeczpospolita” 2005–2009; „Süddeutsche Zeitung” 2007. Summary The paper analyzes the impact of the Nord Stream pipeline construction on Pol- ish-German relations from 2005 to 2009. The author notes that the difficulties in reach-ing a consensus were further increased by the different attitudes of both governmentsto this investment as well as to the cooperation with Russia. From the beginning, Chan - cellor Gerhard Schröder was an advocate of the pipeline construction and a great pro - moter of German-Russian friendship, an attitude to a somewhat lesser degree also continued by his successor – Angela Merkel. Polish President Lech Kaczyñski wasconsistently against the pipeline, supported by subsequent Prime Ministers of Poland.The Polish side was also against the tightened relations between Germany and the Eu - ropean Union and Russia that were supposed to ensure energy security. German visits and words of assurance, that were so numerous in the period 2004–2009, were intended to appease Warsaw but they did not mark a change of pol - icy. Although the German government was trying to persuade Poland to support the project, Poland was consistent in its refusal to take part in it. Poland’s persistent stand - point has not changed the German attitude in this matter, while the extremely different approaches of both governments have adversely affected Polish-German relations. Itwas only after the Polish side ceased its continuous criticism of the pipeline project inlate 2008 that a clear détente was apparent.SP 4 ’10 Stosunki polsko-niemieckie na tle budowy Gazoci¹gu... 149" 818 W4386715379.pdf 3 "BJR Case Rep;9:20230048BJR |case reports Case Report: Common carotid artery dissection from sportive choking4 of 5 birpublications.org/bjrcrThere are two postulated mechanisms of cerebral ischaemia in the setting of dissection. These are artery- to- artery embolism of intraluminal thrombus aggregating around the intimal dissection flap and haemodynamic compromise resulting from progressive flow- limiting stenosis as blood from the damaged vasa vasorum leaks into the connective tissues between the tunica intima and tunica media.3 The above mechanisms explain why there is often a delay between the inciting traumatic event and the onset of ischaemic symp- toms. In these patients, stroke tends to happen in the first couple of days but may even occur up to 1 month after the trauma. Our patient had an MCA syndrome at presentation however, clin- ical signs can be transient, subtle such as headache, neck pain, Figure 5. Lateral (a, b) and frontal (c) projections of extracranial left carotid angiogram pre- (a) and post- (b, c) clot retrieval from carotid bifurcation. Images a and b show Emboshield filter (yellow arrowhead) deployed in left proximal cervical ICA over delivery guide wire advanced through an 8 Fr guide catheter. Non- flow limiting dissection flap is denoted by the orange arrowhead. ICA, internal carotid artery. Figure 6. Follow- up axial CTA shows no residual clot in the left CCA and reveals the underlying intraluminal dissection flap shown by the orange arrowhead (a). Patent left MCA branches (b). CTA, CT angiography; MCA, middle cerebral artery. Figure 7. Follow- up MRI diffusion- weighted sequence. Cortical and subcortical infarct in single pial artery territory of left MCA at the ganglionic level (a, b). Embolic- type left MCA territory cortical infarcts at supraganglonic level (yellow arrowheads). Punctate infarcts in internal subcortical (orange arrowheads) and external cortical (blue arrowheads) water- shed zones between left ACA/MCA vascular territories (c, d). ACA, anterior cerebral artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/bjrcr/article/9/6/20230048/7483270 by guest on 18 May 2024 " 819 W3209798671.pdf 4 "Contreras-Briceño et al. Cardiac Remodeling in Runners FIGURE 2 | Blood samples levels of sVCAM-1. (A)At baseline conditions (1 week before marathon race). (B)Exercise-induced changes after marathon race (42.2km). (C)Comparison of changes ( /Delta1sVCAM-1 = post–pre-marathon) between runners’ groups. LT, low train ing (≥70 and <100 km·week−1) (n=18); HT, high training ( ≥100 km·week−1) (n=18). *= p-value <0.05. rehabilitation programs for patients with coronary heart dis ease (22) and chronic heart failure ( 23). International guidelines suggest 150min per week of moderate exercise or 75min per week of vigorous exercise for the general adult population ( 24). However, a growing group of people performs 20 or more hours of intense exercise per week. These people demonstrate multiple adaptive cardiac changes, a condition called “athlete’s hea rt” FIGURE 3 | Correlation between sVCAM-1 blood sample levels and left at rial volume in long-distance runners ( n=36). (25,26). This cardiac remodeling process is an adaptation to the volume overload inherent to aerobic physical training; in most cases,itisconsideredareversibleandbenigncondition( 27). In this study, we found that only HT athletes, not LT athletes, have significant changes in LV cardiac remodeling and LA volume. This result is concordant with previous data showing that intense training induces significant changes i n the size and function of the atrial syncytium ( 6). Pellicia et al. showed 20% mild atrial dilation and 2% severe LA dilation in a group of 1,777 competitive athletes ( 25). Our group included professional handball players ( 26) and marathon runners ( 9,28) with significant right atrial dilation; however, in this stu dy, the parameters of atrial deformation were preserved, unlike othe r pathological conditions with similar atrial dilation ( 29,30). On the other hand, our results show that although the most trained runners had a higher-volume LA and thicker ventricu lar walls, they had a normal ejection fraction similar to the othe r studyparticipants. This study did not specifically evaluate LA function, which constitutes a limitation; however, we previously described that this function is particularly stressed during the performanc e of aerobicresistanceexerciseintrainedathleteswithchara cteristics similar to the runners studied here ( 8), a finding that is directly associated with ˙VO2-peak and sports performance ( 31). Our findings suggest that athletes with high-performance aerobi c resistancedeveloprightatrialandLAdilation,aconditio nthatis associatedwithlessatrialdeformationduringcontractio natrest (31). Our research group previously reported that this condition enables greater functional reserve but causes greater atri al wall stress (26). We also describe that a subgroup of athletes showed severe atrial dilation associated with a lower capacity to in crease atrialdeformationduringexercisecontraction,possiblyre sulting inearlyatrialdysfunction( 8). Although risk prediction models for AF that incorporate clinical and genetic factors have been developed for the gene ral population, their discriminatory ability remains moderate ( 29, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine | www.frontiersin.o rg 5 November 2021 | Volume 8 | Article 737285" 820 W4247906290.pdf 6 "7 Khususnya (-1)u (juga ditulis –u sama panjangnya dengan u arahnya berlawanan dengan u). Vektor ini disebut vektor negatif u sebab jika dijumlahkan dengan u hasilnya adalah vektor nol (yaitu suatu titik). Vektor nol adalah satu -satunya vektor yang tanpa arah tertentu, dinamakan vektor nol dinotasikan dengan 0. V ektor ini merupakan unsur satuan penjumlahan yaitu u + 0 = 0 + u = u. Sehingga kita dapat mendefinisikan pengurangan sebagai : u - v = u + ( -v). 3. Pembahasan Vektor dengan Pendekatan Aljabar Dari uraian terdahulu dengan pendekatan geometri dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebuah vektor adalah keluarga anak panah yang panjangnya dan arahnya sama. Sekarang kita akan membahas vektor secara aljabar. (lihat gambar dibawah) Y (u1 , u2) Y Kita mulai dengan mengambil sebuah sistem koordinat cartesius pa da bidang, sebagai wakil dari vektor u, kita pilih sebuah anak panah yang berpangkal dititik asal. Anak panah ini ditentukan secara tunggal oleh koordinat u 1 dan u 2 pada titik ujungnya; ini berarti bahwa vektor u ditentukan oleh pasangan terurut . Jadi selanjutnya kita anggap adalah vektor u. Pasangan terurut ini merupakan vektor secara aljabar. Kita gunakan simbol pasangan terurut karena (u 1 , u2) sudah mempunyai pengertian tersendiri yai tu koordinat titik pada b idang. 4. Panjang dan Hasil Kali Titik Definisi : Jika u dan v adalah vektor – vektor di ruang 2 dan ruang 3 dan  adalah sudut di antara u dan v, maka hasil kali titik (dot product) atau hasil kali dalam euclidis (Euclidean inner product) u.v diddefinisikan oleh u.v = u v cos, jika u  0 dan v  0 0, jika u = 0 dan v = 0" 821 W1434699048.pdf 1 " (C ෍௡ ௜ୀ eq th ac gr sh lo eq of fu is dr no ad tri fo pr se ap m ad suCardinal equa t • Equili b the bo • Equili b produ c (see E ෍ ෍ܯ௫௜ ൌ 0௡ ୀଵ; ෍ ௜ If we take i n quilibrium co n he Eq.(1) and cting on the s ravity ( GሬሬԦ) and hown in Fig. 1 . Fig. 1 As the weig h oading condit quilibrium as s f application d unctions of th e function of t raft ( ܶ .)In o on-linear sys t daptive conve im and heel orces and sum This paper p roblem of t h ectional app r pproach com e means of the v e dvantage of t urface used in tions of static s brium of forc e dy is zero) (s e brium of m ced by such q. (2)). ෍ܨԦ௜ൌ0௡ ௜ୀଵ ෍ܯ௬௜ ൌ 0௡ ୀଵ;෍ ௜ nto account a ndition, for a (2) are simp l system are t h d the buoyan c . 1 Forces which ht and centre o ion, they co u sessment. Ot h depend on th e e position of t the heel angl e order to eval u tem describe d rgence meth o angles are p of moments a presents two he evaluatio n roach and m es from the tr a ertical lines p l the three-di m modern CA D s): es (the sum o f ee Eq. (1)); moments (the forces respe c ෍ܯ௭௜ ൌ 0௡ ௜ୀଵ a body hull i n rigid body, i t lified becaus e he weight ( ∆ሬሬԦ) cy (ܵԦ) acting act on any flo a of gravity are uld be consi herwise the b u e hull geomet r the ship in th e e (ԂT), the tri m uate the equi l d above, it i ods, where it e performed un t acting on the s different app r n of equilib r mesh appro a aditional desc r lan while the mensional des D applications . f the forces a c sum of m ct to a polo i n order to as s t is worth not i e the only for c ) acting in c e in its centre ating object. both functio n dered fixed uoyancy and i t ry and are no n e water. This p m angle ( ԂL) librium cond i is necessary erations on t h til both sum ship are zero. roaches to s o rium conditi o ach. The s e ription of the mesh approa c cription of t h . cting on moments is zero) (1) (2) sess the ing that ces that entre of (ܤሬԦ), as ns of the for the ts point n-linear position and the ition of to use he draft, of the olve the on, i.e. ectional hull by ch takes he hull hu de at an bo tha the be co pro inc ge sec Th co the an trim rou co sho use ch the fin un ba wh app 101020The Sectiona ull in terms veloped in-h o upright cond i nd in longitud i ody hull repre s at in Fig. 2 th e ship, while t Fig. 2 Exa m The ship wa t tween the mputational operty of the clination: by a ometrical ch a ctional subm e hen by a long i mputed, e.g. t The second fe e righting ar m ngle. Calculati m, and super i utine is able ndition, any i m In Fig. 3 the own. In parti c es a geome t haracteristics ( e water ( ԂL,Ԃ nd the equilib r nder any (fea s ased on two here the de proximation o0 −1001001020III. SECTIO N l Approach u s of transvers a ouse [4]-[5] s o ition and at la r inal waves. I n sentation has b he blue lines the black one s mple of body h u terline is the r hull and u tool is abl e hull at any l o a numerical i n aracteristics erged area a n itudinal integ r the centre of b feature of the c m GZ, given a ons are carri e imposing the to find the mposed roll a n flow chart u cular, it is p o tric core in (SሬԦ,BሬሬԦ) starting ԂT,T), and a n rium conditi o sible) load c o one-dimens i rivatives ar e of them. 050NAL APPROA C ses as input t h al sections. oftware is to e rge angles fo r n the Fig. 2 a been present e represent the s show the en t ull input for Se c result of geo m undisturbed e to evalua t ongitudinal or ntegration ov e are evaluate d nd the bread t ration all glob a buoyancy and code focuses o a fixed volu m ed out consid e transversal a righting arm ngle. used inside th ossible to not e order to e v from the po s n iterative m e on, solving th e ondition. The ional Newto n e evaluated 0100CH he descriptio n The ability evaluate the s t r a ship in stil a sketch of t h ed. It is worth submerged p tire hull. ctional Approa c metrical inter s free surface te any geo m transversal a n er the sections d, for exam p th of the wa t al characteris t the hull volu m on the calcul a me and a tran ering the ship angle. Theref o (GZ) for a n e numerical c e that the pr o valuate the f sition of the s ethod that as s e non-linear s iterative me t n-Raphson m using an e0150n of the of the tability l water he used noting parts of ch section . The metrical ngle of all the ple the terline. tics are me. ation of sversal free to ore this ny load code is ocedure floating ship in sure to system, thod is method, explicit World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Vol:7, No:1, 2013 56 International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 7(1) 2013 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/3730International Science Index, Physical and Mathematical Sciences Vol:7, No:1, 2013 waset.org/Publication/3730" 822 W4387954292.pdf 2 "Mehmet ŞEN, Muciz ÖZCAN: Technoeconomic Analysis of 1 MWp Gr id Connected Solar Power Plant in Konya (Türkiye) Tehnički vjesnik 30, 6(2023), 1737- 1743 1739 2.2.1 Meteorological Details and Plant Layout The province of Konya, located in the south of the country, is quite good in terms of sunshine duration. The monthly incoming radiation value is 1608 kwh/m, which is above the national average. For this reason, Necmettin Erbakan University in Konya was preferred as the study area within the scope of be nefit/cost. Th erefore, the largest solar power plant of the country is in Konya with an installed power of 1348 MW. The location and energy capacity of Konya in the country are given in Fig. 3. Figure 3 Annual solar energy capacity and location of Konya in Türkiye [24] The monthly average radiation and temperature values for the region where the study is planned are obtained from the Türkiye Solar Energy Potential Atlas and are given in Tab. 1 [25]. Table 1 Meteorological Details of Konya Months Global Radiation / kWh/m2-day Sunshine Duration / Hour Türkiye Konya Türkiye Konya January 1.79 1.98 4.11 4.19 February 2.5 2.56 5.22 5.51 March 3.87 4.23 6.27 6.68 April 4.93 5.2 7.46 8.03 May 6.14 6.3 9.1 9.46 June 6.57 6.78 10.81 11.28 July 6.5 6.81 11.31 11.97 August 5.81 6.05 10.7 11.35 September 4.81 5.12 9.23 9.79 October 3.46 3.73 6.87 7.35 November 2.14 2.35 5.15 5.53 December 1.59 1.77 3.75 3.93 Average 4.18 4.41 7.49 7.92 Table 2 Percentage of Various Losses Losses PVGIS PVWatts PVsyst PV module nameplate DC rating 1% 1% 0.97% Diodes and connections 0.4% 0.3% 0.4% DC wiring 1.2% 1.2% 1.15% AC wiring 1% 1% 1% Shading 0.4% 0.5% 0.65% Module mismatch 2% 2% 2% Soiling 1% 2% 2% Inverter and transformer 6% 6% 6.09% Aging 1% 1% 1% The slope is critical for solar power plants to maximize sunlight absorption. It was calculated as 36° in the review in the PVGIS soft ware tool. This PV power plant solar panel is monocrystalline. It has one solar panel rated at 235 W and requires 4260 units. In addition to these methods, the techniques and analyses that can be used are important. Percentage of miscellaneous losses is given in Tab. 2. 2.2.2 Methodology of Performance Analysis Estimating the amount of energy to be produced by the planned solar power plants is critical. Some issues must be addressed in order for these estimates to be consistent. One of the most important factors to consider when investing in ground-mounted solar power plants is the location of the system. This issue will be critical to the performance of the new power plant. During the planning phase, the solar radiation of the panels and the calculation of the nominal energy of the system should be considered. The daily solar radiation event in an inclined PV plant with atmospheric conditions is calculated as shown in Eq. (1). at To1c o s 1c o s(1 )22Td T HR KH               (1) where KT represents the aperture index, Rd represents the slope factor, T represents the overall slope f actor, is the " 823 W4391431142.pdf 7 "Gels 2024 ,10, 113 8 of 19 The tensile test (Figure 5a) revealed the influence of the chelating agents on the mechanical resistance of the hydrogels. Except the sample containing 1,3-diamino-2- hydroxypropane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (TETRA), all the other hydrogels incorporated chelating agents displayed a slightly higher mechanical resistance than the blank sample. The slight differences between the tensile resistance of the hydrogels containing chelating agents may appear due to the distinct ionic interactions established with the NVP moieties from the IPN. The sample containing phytic acid led to the highest ultimate stress values, probably due to the significant strengthening effect [ 6,44] of supplementary H-bonding interactions established with the NVP and AMPSA moieties. The amount of chelating groups, thus the supplementary interactions established, influence the density of the network and, thus, the mechanical resistance of the hydrogels. The compression tests (Figure 5b), performed on samples in their equilibrium swollen state, revealed lower stress values and higher strain values for the hydrogels containing chelating agents. This behavior can be explained by their anisotropy [ 43] but also through their higher swelling degrees, which imply a higher water content and a lower stiffness [ 45]. The viscoelasticity of hydrogels can be correlated with their microstructures, which may offer valuable insights for adjusting their performance characteristics. The viscoelastic properties of hydrogels depend on their composition but also on the interactions established with the liquid confined in their 3D polymeric network. The storage and loss moduli (Figure 5c,d) describe the viscoelastic properties of the synthesized hydrogel films. All samples revealed that storage moduli (G′) values were greater than (G′′) values, which is a common characteristic of crosslinked hydrogels [ 46]. A higher storage modulus (G′) indicates that elastic behavior becomes dominant, while the influence of the viscous behavior is diminished [ 47], as frequency increases. An important technique employed in the characterization of hydrogels is small-amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) [ 48]. Important details about gel structure and mechanical behavior can be deduced from the frequency dependence of the dynamic moduli G′and G′′in the linear-viscoelastic regime (LVE) [ 48]. Since rheometers have limited sensitivity, choosing the applied strain amplitude requires finding a balance between the requirement to preserve sample integrity and the necessity to give a sufficiently strong signal. Thus, the hydrogels reported herein were analyzed in frequency sweep mode, on a frequency range between 0.1–10 Hz, at a constant oscillation strain of 10%. Tan delta ( δ) shows the ratio of the viscous to elastic effects and reveals how the sample transitions from solid- to liquid-like behavior as a function of the experimental timescale (Figure 5e). When tan δ> 1, it indicates that G′′has a superior value than G′and that the material is more viscous, allowing for greater energy dissipation; however, when tan delta < 1 , it indicates that G′has a greater value than G′′and that the material is elastic [ 49]. Thus, the tan delta plot also confirms the elastic behavior tendency of the herein-reported crosslinked hydrogels. However, samples with greater tan δvalues tend to have a more viscous character. Complex viscosity measurements [ 23] (Figure 5f) can be associated with hydrogel structural strength, and they revealed that all hydrogels possess pseudoplastic properties [ 50]. The increase in the shear rate leads to a deformation of the polymeric chain entanglements as a result of the breakdown of physical interactions, resulting in a decrease in the viscosity values. 2.6. Hg2+Decontamination Survey To evaluate their ability to entrap, detect, and remove the Hg2+ions from an aqueous solution, the aerogels (containing RTTA and a chelating agent) were immersed in a HgCl 2 aqueous solution. After 48 h, they were removed from the decontaminated aqueous solution and allowed to dry. As can be observed from Figure 6, this method allows a fast, efficient route for confirm- ing the presence of Hg2+, but could also allow a qualitative evaluation of the mercury levels. Initially, at low Hg2+concentrations, the fluorescence is increased due to a fluorescence “on” effect (Scheme S1); however, at higher Hg2+concentrations and due to the high RTTA amount in the aerogels, the fluorescence is gradually turned off [ 51,52]. The fluorogenic" 824 W3048134203.pdf 5 "J. Clin. Med. 2020 ,9, 2566 6 of 17 Qualitative variables are summarized as count and percentage, comparisons between independent groups were performed by 2test or Fisher’s exact test when appropriate. In order to compare the percentages of side e ects, a multiple comparison strategy was applied: the statistical Fisher’s exact test was used, and p-values were adjusted according to a permutation method for the purpose of controlling family wise error rate. An ordinal logistic model was performed to evaluate predictors of changes in CGI-I and CGI-S. The model for CGI-S had DCGI-S as dependent variable, defined as the di erence obtained subtracting the CGI-S score at T24 from the CGI-S score at T0, classified as neutral (0) and classes of increasing improvement (from " 825 W3170238300.pdf 6 "BioEduVol.10No.2Tahun2021 Hal:360-366 https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/bioedu Wardhani,M.RifqiEka&Fitrihidajati,Herlina:ValiditasPerangkatPembelajaranBerkalaIlmiahPendidikanBiologi 366DAFTARPUSTAKA Ibrahim,Muslimin.2012.PembelajaranBerdasarkan Masalah.Surabaya:UnesaUniversityPress. Ibrahim,Muslimin.2012.PelatihanTerintergasi berbasisKompetensiGuruMataPelajaranBiologi (pengembanganPerangkatPembelajaran).Jakarta: Depdiknas Kusnia,Aida.2018.LKPDBerbasisPBLUntuk MelatihkanKemampuanBerpikirKreatif.Surabaya: Unesa Munandar,Utami.2010.PengembanganKreativitas AnakBerbakat.Jakarta:PT.RinekaCipta. Purnamaningrum,Arifah.2012.“Peningkatan KemampuanBerpikirkreatifMelaluiPBL(PBL)pada PembelajaranBiologiPesertadidikKelasXSMANegeri 3Surakarta”.JurnalPendidikanBiologi.Surakarta: UniversitasSebelasMaret Putra,TomiTridaya.,Irwan&DodiVionanda.2012. MeningkatkanKemampuanBerpikirKreatifPesertadidik DenganPembelajaranBerbasisMasalah. Riduwan.2013.Skala-SkalaPengukuranVariabel- VariabelPenelitian.Bandung:Alfabeta. Rusmono.2014.StrategiPembelajarandenganPBL ituPerlu:untukMeningkatkanProfesionalitasGuru. Bogor:GhaliaIndonesia.Subali,Bambang.2011.“PengukuranKreativitas KeterampilanProsesSainsdalamKonteksAssessment ForLearning”.JurnalCakrawalaPendidikan,1." 826 W4287330717.pdf 0 "Mixed-State Entanglement from Local Randomized Measurements Andreas Elben ,1,2,*Richard Kueng,3,*Hsin-Yuan (Robert) Huang ,4,5Rick van Bijnen ,1,2 Christian Kokail,1,2Marcello Dalmonte,6,7Pasquale Calabrese,6,7,8Barbara Kraus ,9 John Preskill ,4,5,10,11Peter Zoller,1,2and Benoît Vermersch1,2,12 1Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria 2Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria 3Institute for Integrated Circuits, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria 4Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA 5Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA 6The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy 7SISSA, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy 8INFN, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy 9Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A6020 Innsbruck, Austria 10Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA 11AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA 12Universit´ e Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France (Received 22 July 2020; accepted 20 October 2020; published 11 November 2020) We propose a method for detecting bipartite entanglement in a many-body mixed state based on estimating moments of the partially transposed density matrix. The estimates are obtained by performinglocal random measurements on the state, followed by postprocessing using the classical shadows framework. Our method can be applied to any quantum system with single-qubit control. We provide a detailed analysis of the required number of experimental runs, and demonstrate the protocol usingexisting experimental data [Brydges et al. ,Science 364, 260 (2019) ]. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.200501 Engineered quantum many-body systems exist in today ’s laboratories as noisy intermediate scale quantum devices (NISQ) [1]. This provides us with novel opportunities to study and quantify entanglement —a fundamental concept in both quantum information theory [2]and many-body quantum physics [3,4]. For pure (or nearly pure) states, entanglement has been detected by measuring the second R´enyi entropy [5–10]. This has been achieved via, for instance, many-body quantum interference [7–9,11,12] (see also Refs. [13,14] ) and randomized measurements [10,15 –18]. However, many states of interest are actually highly mixed —either because of decoherence, or because they describe interesting subregions of a larger, globally entangled, system. Developing protocols which detect and quantify mixed-state entanglement on intermediate scale quantum devices is thus an outstanding challenge. Below we propose and experimentally demonstrate conditions for mixed-state entanglement and measurement protocols based on the positive partial transpose (PPT) condition [2,5,19] . Consider two partitions Aand B described by a (reduced) density matrix ρAB. The well- known PPT condition checks if the partially transposed (PT) density matrix ρTA AB[20] is positive semidefinite, i.e., all eigenvalues are non-negative. If the PPT condition is violated —i.e., ρTA ABdoes have negative eigenvalues —AandBmust be entangled. It is possible to turn the PPT condition into a quantitative entanglement measure. Thenegativity Nðρ ABÞ¼P λ<0jλj, with λthe spectrum of ρTA AB, is positive if and only if the underlying state ρABviolates the PPT condition [21]. While applicable to mixed states, computing the negativity requires accurately estimating the full spectrum of ρTA AB. We bypass this challenge by consid- ering moments of the partially transposed density matrix(PT moments) instead: p n¼Tr½ðρTA ABÞn/C138forn¼1;2;3;…: ð1Þ These have been first studied in quantum field theory to quantify correlations in many-body systems [22]. Clearly, p1¼trðρABÞ¼1, while p2is equal to the purity tr ½ρ2 AB/C138 (see Table I in the Supplemental Material [23] for a visual derivation). Hence, p3is the lowest PT moment that captures meaningful information about the partial transpose (see also Ref. [29]). In this Letter, we first show that the first three PT moments can be used to define a simple yet powerful test for bipartite entanglement: ρAB∈PPT⇒p3≥p2 2: ð2ÞPHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 125, 200501 (2020) 0031-9007 =20=125(20) =200501(6) 200501-1 © 2020 American Physical Society" 827 W1629637971.pdf 4 "Melo RCJ, Souza IEO, Paula CC.660 Rev Bras Enferm. 2013 set-out; 66(5): 656-62. tende ao fechamento. Isso se dá no distanciamento do ser como se fosse levado pelo destino. A descrição da vida cotidia - na é considerada como forma de existência inautêntica. Con - siste no fato de estar jogado no mundo (conjunto de condições geográficas, históricas, sociais e econômicas, em que cada um está imersa), sem que sua vontade tenha participado disso. Esse sentido existencial não exprime qualquer avaliação negativa, mas indica como a presença, na maioria das vezes e quase sempre, se mostra no cotidiano: de modo impessoal. A inautenticidade significa o desvio de cada indivíduo de seu projeto essencial em favor das ocupações cotidianas, confun - dindo-o com a massa coletiva, em que, sendo todos, não é si mesmo, ou seja, ser todos é ser ninguém. O eu individual seria sacrificado ao persistente e opressivo todos nós. O ser em sua vida cotidiana é um ser público, e não um ser próprio, reduzin - do sua vida a vida junto aos outros e para os outros, alienando - -se da principal tarefa, que seria o tornar-se si mesmo(13). O ser-mãe-que-tem-a-possibilidade-de-tocar-seu-filho-pre - maturo-na-UTIN expressa ver a melhora do bebê, avaliando que está sendo bem cuidado, bem tratado e com uma apa - rência melhor. [...] mas ela foi bem cuidada, bem tratada, a equipe é super atenciosa com as crianças, só subiu quando tiveram a cer - teza que estava bem. (Ariadne mãe de Pérola); [...] eu sabia que ela estava sendo bem tratada, pois estava em boas mãos, eu ter visto aquela coisinha pequena se mexendo [pausa] ali com vida; vê que tinha os profissio - nais que estavam cuidando com amor e carinho, eu sabia e subia bem, [...]. (Sofia mãe de Safira); [...] mas eu vi que meu filho tá bem, que os profissionais estão fazendo um ótimo trabalho e que tudo depende da recuperação do neném mesmo, vejo que está recuperan - do, que está dando resultado. (Circe mãe de Ônix). O ser-mãe atribuía aos profissionais de saúde da unidade a melhora nas condições de saúde de seu filho. Embora estivesse junto ao bebê não conseguia compreender a importância de sua presença. Mostra-se absorvida pela ocupação no mundo próprio da UTIN. A ocupação indica um modo deficiente de se omitir e (des)cuidar, visto manter-se ocupado com as coisas que devem ser feitas, sem se preocupar com as pessoas. Sustenta - -se na objetividade sem compreender a subjetividade. Pode designar um realizar e cumprir algo, desviando o ser para um entendimento imediato como ser simplesmente dado. Portanto “o seu ser para com o mundo, é essencialmente ocupação” (13). Assim, o ser-mãe se mantém como está prescrito que deve viver, ou seja, no modo impessoal, impróprio e da inautentici - dade(13). Os limites de sua abertura para o mundo restringem suas possibilidades, a mãe, ao ser ocupar do filho, apresen - tou-se no modo de preocupação deficiente; presa ao modo prescrito de cuidado guiado por normas e rotinas instituídas pela UTI. Nesse modo, o ser-mãe se mantém presa aos fatos sem compreender autenticamente o que está acontecendo, apenas repete àquilo as informações e afazeres (13).O ser-mãe-que-tem-a-possibilidade-de-tocar-seu-filho-pre - maturo-na-UTIN entende que poderia tocar, sendo cuidadosa e cautelosa por ser um bebê pequenininho que necessita ain - da de proteção. Ah, quando a gente vê assim, né, não sabe o que fazer, uma coisinha tão miudinha [...] (Themis mãe de Topázio); Falaram que podia botar a mão, a gente fica com medo porque é muito pequenininho, aí eu botei a mãozinha. (Íris mãe de Ágata); Eu fiquei com medo no começo de tocar, com medo de prejudicar ele, fazer mal, porque ele estava ali achei que podia passar alguma coisa [...] eu fiquei com medo, de prejudicar meu filho, pegar um neném tão pequeno [...] (Circe mãe de Ônix). A mãe a ter a possibilidade de tocar o filho, começa a to - cá-lo ao seu modo, com medo, devagar, com as pontas dos dedos. De modo que a presença passa a se relacionar com o filho de início em suas possibilidades: com base no falató - rio (em que repete aquilo que ouviu sem compreender), na ambigüidade (quando parece ter compreendido tudo, mas no fundo não compreendeu o que está acontecendo), fren - te ao temor diante da situação vivenciada (aquilo que teme possui um caráter de ameaça, pois pode acontecer ou não). O falatório, a ambiguidade e o temor são modos de ser da inautenticidade(13). Quando ser-mãe-que-tem-a-possibilidade-de-tocar-seu-filho - -prematuro-na-UTIN sente-se mais próxima do bebê entenden - do que ele sente uma força, um calor e uma energia positiva neste contato que é de troca. Eu sinto ela mais próxima, e ela também deve sentir a mes - ma coisa. (Afrodite mãe de Cristal); [...] fui começando a me aproximar mais, de mim com ele. Então nós dois vivos, um tocando no outro, um sentindo o corpo do outro, o calor do outro. (Ártemis mãe de Rubi); [...] porque a criança recebendo o carinho da mãe a re - cuperação é sempre mais rápida, eu conversava com ela, sentia que eu estava com ela. (Ariadne mãe de Pérola). Ao estar-com-o-filho no cotidiano da UTIN e contar com a solicitude dos profissionais, a mãe caminha para a compre - ensão de suas possibilidades e de seu filho. Compreende o risco de melhora ou de piora do filho por ser pequeno e a importância de ser-presença. Dessa maneira transita da inautenticidade da ocupação para a autenticidade da preocupação. Passando a compreen - der o tocar como uma possibilidade de proximidade do bebê, que permite a energia de troca. Esse movimento de autentici - dade que emerge da cotidianidade. O cuidado como processo de constituição da presença se dá no acontecer, isto é, na dimensão da temporalidade." 828 W2954462965.pdf 9 "Chomcheonetal. AdvancesinDifferenceEquations (2019) 2019:274 Page10of18 Figure2 Timeseries.Numericalsimulationofourmodelshowingthetimeseriesof( a)levelofsensitive bacteria,( b)levelofresistantbacteria,and( c)nutrientconcentration,correspondingtothecaseseeninFig. 1. Here,x(0)=0.3,y(0)=0.4,z(0)=0.5,a1=2.407407, a2=0.023077, a3=0.00196, a4=0.0007, ω1=0.7, ω2=0.7,ω3=0.7Ks=0.7,Kγ=4.3,KR=5.0,εr=0.9,γ=4.0,μ=0.01,z∗=5.0,and ψR=1.2 Wecanshowthefollowingresultinastraightforwardmanner. Lemma2 (Nonnegativity) Suppose(x(t),y(t),z(t))isasolutionof (32)–(33)withϕi(0)≥0, i=1,2,3.Thenx(t)≥0,y(t)≥0,and z(t)≥0forallt ≥0." 829 W1782117679.pdf 4 "Rev Odontol UNESP . 2015 July-August; 44(4): 207-212 Efeito da intensidade de fontes de luz... 211 As cerâmicas empregadas para infraestruturas de coroas protéticas são, relativamente, mais opacas do que aquelas empregadas para cobertura. Essa característica de opacidade se deve ao maior conteúdo cristalino da cerâmica de infraestrutura, necessário para reforçar a estrutura da coroa protética10,14. Assim, apesar de contribuir com o reforço da restauração indireta, a estrutura interna da cerâmica pode afetar a transmissão de luz, principalmente sob a restauração19. Apesar da clara tendência em reduzir o grau de conversão, de acordo com o tipo cerâmico, não houve diferença significativa entre o grupo controle e o cimento polimerizado por meio da cerâmica à base de zircônia, quando polimerizados pela unidade de luz visível de intensidade a 1.000 mW/cm2. Kilinc et al.14 avaliaram o efeito da cor e da espessura da cerâmica sobre a microdureza de vários cimentos resinosos e concluíram que a polimerização foi adversamente afetada apenas quando a espessura de cerâmica mostrou-se acima de 3 mm. Dessa forma, menores valores de microdureza foram obtidos quando comparados a cerâmicas com espessuras inferiores, sendo que isso ainda está diretamente relacionado a uma redução na transmissão de luz. A espessura da zircônia utilizada neste estudo foi menor que 3 mm, o que poderia justificar os valores semelhantes para microdureza do cimento resinoso para o grupo controle e sob a cerâmica à base de zircônia. Esse efeito também pôde ser observado para o cimento quando polimerizado pela unidade de luz visível de intensidade a 1.000 mW/cm2 sob a cerâmica à base de espinélio MgAl2O4, em que diferença significativa não pode ser observada quando comparado ao grupo controle. Essa diferença pode ser explicada pela composição dos discos cerâmicos à base de espinélio MgAl2O4, a qual consiste em um material cerâmico à base de óxido de alumínio (Al2O3). Entretanto, parte do Al2O3, da estrutura original desta cerâmica, é substituída por óxido de magnésio (MgO), formando o espinélio aluminato de magnésio (MgAl2O4). Essa nova estrutura de óxidos aumenta a translucidez do material, fato este resultante do baixo índice de refração do aluminato de magnésio e da matriz de vidro20, justificando os resultados obtidos neste estudo. Quando comparados os valores de microdureza do cimento resinoso dual polimerizado sob a cerâmica à base de dissilicato de lítio e do grupo controle, foi possível concluir que a intensidade de luz não afetou a dureza do cimento. Diferenças estatísticas puderam ser encontradas apenas quando comparada a influência das diferentes intensidades de luz sob a mesma cerâmica. Os resultados mostraram que quando o cimento resinoso dual é polimerizado sob a cerâmica à base de dissilicato de lítio a uma intensidade de 1.000 mW/cm2, maiores valores de dureza são obtidos quando comparados à utilização de uma fonte de luz visível de intensidade de 800 mW/cm2; comprova-se, portanto, o fato de que dispositivos com baixa irradiância podem produzir resultados diferentes13. Da mesma forma, o uso de altas densidades de energia não está diretamente ligado a um maior grau de conversão3. De acordo com Heffernan et al.18,19, a translucidez da cerâmica tem influência direta da espessura do material e da sua composição cristalina. A microestrutura do material cerâmico, especialmente a sua fase cristalina, pode ter influenciado no processo de polimerização do cimento resinoso subjacente pelas suas diferenças de transmitância e espalhamento da luz3. Nesse caso, pela alta translucidez dessa cerâmica, maior intensidade de luz não acarretará em maiores valores de microdureza do cimento, quando comparado aos demais grupos. Os protocolos de polimerização utilizados no presente estudo também devem ser discutidos e os resultados comparados. Para o preparo das amostras, duas unidades de luz visível foram utilizadas. De acordo com o fabricante, o aparelho Radii-call (SDI) apresenta uma intensidade de luz extremamente alta (1.200 mW/cm2) e emissão espectral na faixa de 440-480 nm. Por outro lado, o aparelho Poly Wireless (Kavo) emite potência efetiva luminosa de 1.100 mW/cm² e emissão espectral na faixa de 420-480 nm. Durante todo o experimento, a intensidade de luz de ambos os aparelhos foi medida com o auxílio de radiômetro Demetron (West Collins, Orange). Para o Radii-cal, o radiômetro empregado registrou uma intensidade de luz máxima de 800 mW/cm2. Todavia, para o Poly Wireless (Kavo), a intensidade registrada máxima foi de 1.000 mW/cm2. Para ambos os aparelhos, o registro máximo de intensidade luminosa ocorreu durante os primeiros 15 segundos de polimerização, não se estendendo até ao final do ciclo luminoso da fonte de luz. Pelo tempo restante, toda a intensidade de luz monitorada se manteve em 400 mW/cm2, o que pode ter justificado a pouca diferença significativa entre os grupos investigados. Esse fator, associado à opacidade das cerâmicas, poderia ter reduzido o grau de conversão do cimento resinoso estudado, resultando em valores de microdureza menores quando polimerizados pelo aparelho de luz visível de menor intensidade (800 mW/cm2). Esta pesquisa gera novas questões a serem investigadas, como, por exemplo: ‘ A variação no tempo de fotopolimerização pode aumentar de forma significativa os valores de microdureza das amostras de cimento investigada?’ . Além disso: ‘O valor de microdureza de materiais resinosos poderá aumentar significativamente quando novos aparelhos fotopolimerizadores de potência elevada forem utilizados?’ . Diante de novas indagações, estudos direcionados para os cimentos resinosos com aparelhos com intensidades elevadas passam a ser foco de novas investigações científicas. CONCLUSÃO De acordo com metodologia empregada no presente estudo, pode-se concluir que a polimerização do cimento resinoso dual é significativamente afetada pelo tipo de barreira cerâmica e pela intensidade de luz. Maior intensidade de luz do fotopolimerizador (1.000 mW/cm2) resultou em maiores valores de microdureza do cimento resinoso dual para as cerâmicas à base de zircônia e espinélio MgAl2O4. O cimento resinoso dual apresentou menor valor de microdureza na presença da cerâmica à base de dissilicato de lítio, sugerindo que este tipo de cerâmica pode ser considerada uma barreira maior para a passagem da luz e consequente polimerização do cimento. Para o aparelho fotopolimerizador de 800 mW/cm2, a presença das cerâmicas determinou valores de microdureza significativamente menores para as cerâmicas à base de zircônia e espinélio MgAl2O4." 830 W2032068880.pdf 3 "ISSN 2307–3489 (Print), ȱSSN 2307–6666 (Online) ɇɚɭɤɚ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ . ȼɿɫɧɢɤ Ⱦɧɿɩɪɨɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ ɡɚɥɿɡɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ , 2013, ɜɢɩ . 1 (43) ȺȼɌɈɆȺɌɂɁɈȼȺɇȱ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɂ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȱɇɇə ɇȺ ɌɊȺɇɋɉɈɊɌȱ © Ʉ. ȼ. Ƚɨɧɱɚɪɨɜ , 2013 ɥɨɤɨɦɨɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɚɤ - ɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ DP ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ II P. ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ - ɦɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɭɱɲɭɸ ɩɨɦɟɯɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ . Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ȺɅɋɇ Ʌɨɤɨɦɨɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɨɛɧɚ - ɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɩɨɦɟɯ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ȺɅɋɇ ɜɢɞɚ : ɰ 0( , ) ( )cos( ) N i i i i i js t A t jT t O K W Z M    ¦ , (5) ɝɞɟ Z – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ; N – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɰɢɤ - ɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ; ɰT – ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶ - ɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɢɤɥɚ ; ɰ ( ) i i t jT K W   – ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɝɢɛɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ȺɅɋɇ , ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɚɹ ɡɧɚ - ɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ . ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ , ɞɥɹ ɤɨɞɚ «ɀ», ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɞɜɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɜ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɢɠ ɢɠ ɢɠ ɩɠ 2 ɢɠ ɩɠ ɢɠ ɩɠ ɢɠ ɩɠ ɰ 1, 0 0, ( ) 1, 2 0, 2 t t t t t t tt t t t t t t t T Kd  ­ °d   ° ® d   ° °  d  ¯, (6) ɝɞɟ ɢɠ t ɢ ɩɠ t – ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɚɭ - ɡɵ ɜ ɤɨɞɟ « ɀ». Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɨɝɢɛɚɸɳɭɸ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ . Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ȺɅɋɇ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ , ɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɟ - ɪɢɨɞ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ) cos( ) ( ) , (i i i i i t t A t s MZ W K O   . (7) ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɝɢɩɨ - ɬɟɡɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɚɩɨɫɬɟɪɢɨɪɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ - ɫɬɶɸ [8] ) ( ) ( ) ( )(0 0 iT i pr T i i ps H PH kP HP HP [ [ , (8) ɝɞɟ T 0[ – ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɟɦ - ɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ [0, ] T; ) (i pr HP – ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ iH; ) ( )(0 iT i H P HL [ – ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ iH. Ʉɨɷɮ - ɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ k ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜ - ɤɢ . Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ is ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ , ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ) ( )(0HP HPps i ps ! . (9) ɇɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɥɨɤɨɦɨɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɢ - ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨ - ɥɨɫɧɵɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ [1]. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɤɚ - ɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ( ) n t ɜɵɛɟ - ɪɟɦ ɛɟɥɵɣ ɝɚɭɫɫɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɲɭɦ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ N. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɚɜ - ɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ 0H ɪɚɜɧɹɟɬɫɹ [8]: °¿°¾½ °¯°®­  ³T dt tNHL 02 0 ) (1exp )( [ . (10) Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ iH ɨɩ - ɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ [8]: °¿°¾½ °¯°®­   ³T i dt t s tNHL 02) , ( ) (1exp )( O [ . (11) ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ȺɅɋ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɧɚɛɥɸ - ɞɟɧɢɹ [0, ] T ɪɚɜɧɹɟɬɫɹ ³ T i i iiAdt ts E 02 2 2) , (DO , (12) ɝɞɟ iD – ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ȺɅɋɇ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ [0, ] T. ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨ - ɥɭɱɢɦ 2 01( ) exp ( ) T iL H t dt N[­ ½ ° °  u ® ¾ ° ° ¯ ¿ ³ 02exp ( ) ( , ) T iEt s t dt N N [ O ­ ½ ° °u   ® ¾ ° ° ¯ ¿ ³. (13) ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (10), (13) ɜ (8), (9), ɩɨ - ɫɥɟ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ is ³ ¸¸ ¹· ¨¨ ©§ ! T ii i pr pr i i i hE HPHP Ndt t s t q 00 2 )()(ln 2), ( ) (O [ .(14) Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ , ɜ ɥɨɤɨɦɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ iq ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ) (t[ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝ - ɧɚɥɚ is. ȿɫɥɢ iq ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ 33" 831 W1965360155.pdf 2 "because they cannot be accurately differentiated [18]. Women are often reluctant to disclose attempted induced abortion and it is not always documented in medical charts, especially in an illegal context [19]. Health complications from spontaneous abortion arelikely to remain relatively constant in the population, whereasthose arising from induced abortion should decline with safer caresince sepsis and injuries are primarily due to unsafe inducedabortion procedures. We assessed the proportion of seriousabortion complications relative to all abortion complicationspresenting to help account for secular trends in fertility, healthcare use, and abortion, and to test whether a shift toward less serious health complications would occur following abortion legalization. To check our results, we also analyzed the outcomeof proportion of serious abortion complication relative to livebirths over the time period. We adapted a categorization scheme proposed by others to code the severity of complications using clinical signs and symptoms to distinguish between uncomplicated incomplete abortion cases and those with more serious health implications [20]. Our approachdiffered only slightly: we did not code cases with any sign ofinterference as high severity, and we did not attempt to distinguishbetween low and medium severity cases. Higher severity cases ofinfection, injury, or systemic complications have recordedtemperature of 102 uF or above, a pulse of 120 beats per minute or more, septic shock or septicemia, hypovolemic shock, gener-alized and local peritonitis, endometritis, pelvic or genital tract infection, a retained foreign body or injury from abortion, organ failure, loss of consciousness, or death. A separate variable wasconstructed to identify cases where induced abortion was explicitlydocumented in the medical chart. Analysis Complications during three periods were described with counts and frequencies: before implementation (2001–2003), earlyimplementation (2004–2006), and later implementation (2007–2010). Types of complications were compared across the threetime periods with the Fisher Exact test for categorical differences.Tests for trend for each phase were conducted using segmented Poisson regression with flexible splines fit to the time periods [21,22]. Count of cases per month is the dependent variable withtime as an independent variable representing the incidence-rateratio (IRR) with the natural log of total cases as an offset variable.We used splines to test the trend in slope for each time period.Marginal splines were used to compare changes in the rate ofincrease or decrease from the previous period. Multiple variablelogistic regression models were also used to estimate the odds of aserious abortion complication by time period, adjusted for and testing the odds of risk by stage of pregnancy at admission, patient age, and whether induced abortion was documented in themedical chart. We also assessed the odds of sepsis, the mostcommon complication of unsafe abortion, by these factors. Themultivariable logistic regression models were also adjusted forseason (spring, summer, winter, fall) and hospital. Logistic modelsestimated only on the documented induced abortion cases werealso tested to check if results were consistent with the mainfindings. Results Of 24,676 cases abstracted, 23,493 cases of abortion compli- cations were included in the final analytic sample; 16,499 caseswere from MH, 3,135 cases were from LZN, 2,952 were fromBDH, and 907 cases were from TUTH. The mean age of thewomen presenting with abortion complications was 25.4(SD = 6.1), and nearly all were married (Table 1). Nearly one- third of women were nulliparous, and over one-third had had two or more births. Induced abortion was documented in the medical chart in 9.6% of cases overall, and higher (11.5%) during laterimplementation. From 2001 to 2010 the number of abortion complications presenting at hospitals rose, ranging from a low of 2,120 in 2002 to a high of 2,948 in 2010. This is consistent with a secular increasein health care use occurring over the time period, particularly inthe most recent years when no-cost services at government clinicswere instituted [23]. A review of total hospital admissions, livebirths, and gynecological admissions at the hospitals also reflects this increase in health care use. At MH, for example, in 2001 there were 21,957 admissions and in 2010 there were 29,312admissions. The mean proportion of gynecological cases thatwere abortion-related remained stable over time (0.45, 95% CI0.44, 0.46). The overall proportion of serious abortion complications relative to all complications was lowest in the later implementationperiod. Figure 1 illustrates the emergence of a decline in 2007 thatsteepens after 2008. An increasing trend in all serious complica-tions was observed during early implementation, whereas a significant decrease occurs in the later period (p ,.001). ThereTable 1. Characteristics of patients abstracted from medical charts for all abortion complication cases, 2001–2010, N = 23,493. Characteristic Totala Mean age (SD) 25.4 (6.1) n = 23,471 Unmarried (%) 0.6n = 22,247 Mean years married (SD) 5.7 (6.0) n = 16,046Religion (%): n = 18,466 Hindu 96.5Non-Hindu 3.5 tNumber of births (%): n = 17,744 b None 32.2 One 32.0 Two or more 35.8 Gestation on admission (%): n = 21,713 4–2 weeks 73.913–18 weeks 16.1 19–28 weeks 10.0 Induced abortion (%) c9.6 n = 23,493 aInformation on patient demographics was not consistently available in the medical chart. The percentages are calculated on the non-missing n. bMissing data on the number of births increased at MH and TUTH, and declined at BDH and LZH. cClinical evidence such as foreign body or injury from instrumentation (e.g., uterine perforation) or free-text chart documentation of induced abortionbased upon patient disclosure or provider observation. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064775.t001Effects Abortion Legalization in Nepal PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 3 May 2013 | Volume 8 | Issue 5 | e64775" 832 W3107475598.pdf 3 "[2] RFC6241: 'Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)', 2011. [3] RFC6020: 'YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)', 2015. [4] 'Open Config: Vendor-neutral, model-driven network management designed by users', http://openconfig.net/, accessed 6 May 2019. [5] 'Disaggregated Transponder Chip Transport Abstraction Interface', https://github.com/Telecominfraproject/oopt-tai, Accessed 6 May 2019. [6] ‘Atomix framework’, ​ https://atomix.io/ [7] 'Open Transport Configuration & Control', https://wiki.opennetworking.org/display/OTCC/TAPI, Accessed 6 May, 2019. [8] RFC8040: 'RESTCONF Protocol', 2017. [9] A. Sgambelluri, J.-L. Izquierdo-Zaragoza, A. Giorgetti, et al ""Fully Disaggregated ROADM White Box with NETCONF/YANG Control, Telemetry, and Machine Learning-based Monitoring"" in Tech. Dig. OFC 2018. 4 " 833 W4234483640.pdf 0 "Open Peer Review on Qeios Open Peer Review on Qeios Carteolol Hydrochloride National Cancer Institute Source National Cancer Institute. Carteolol Hydrochloride . NCI Thesaurus. Code C28905. A synthetic quinolinone derivative, antihypertensive Carteolol Hydrochloride is a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent for beta-1 and beta-2 receptors with no membrane-stabilizing activity but moderate intrinsic sympathomimetic effects. It is used for treatment of hypertension and certain arrhythmias, and as an anti-angina and antiglaucoma agent. (NCI04) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020 Qeios ID: LADX2Y · https://doi.org/10.32388/LADX2Y 1 / 1" 834 W2154966569.pdf 8 "Plant Methods 2009, 5:19 http://www.plantmethods.com/content/5/1/19 Page 9 of 11 (page number not for citation purposes)urement of the reaction. On the contrary, enzyme activity resulting from strong/constitutive promoters allows high dilution of the extract, in which case the inhibitory capac-ity may become negligible and the measured activityexempt from artifacts. This finds experimental support inour experience with GUS assays performed on 35S-GUSArabidopsis leaf extracts: activity of the transgene can be efficiently measured by continuous monitoring even at a 1:1000 dilution of the extracts, where the concentration ofthe inhibitor is too low to interfere with the reaction(results not shown). Dilution of the extract may alsoexplain the absence of inhibitor reported by previousauthors in tobacco leaves [12,14]. Inhibitory capacity may vary among plant organs, yet the small variation found in our results suggests a consistentconcentration of inhibitors in each tissue. Thus far,improvements in the extraction procedure have aimed tolimit the effects of inhibitors by eliminating secondarycompounds through filtration [24] or inactivation with binding reagents (e.g. PVPP; [13]), but complete removal of the inhibitory capacity could not be achieved. In thisarticle we describe a simple and straightforward procedurethat allows to correct for enzyme inhibition independ-ently from the level of T-GUS activity present in the plantextract. Owing to the ubiquitous presence of inhibitors in plant tissues, we strongly suggest that the presence of such com-pounds interfering in the GUS assay should be tested rou-tinely prior to each GUS assay. This can be easily achievedby measuring the enzymatic rate at two considerably dif- ferent concentrations of the extract, in order to verify the proportionality between the measured reaction rates andthe dilution factor. An enzymatic activity of the least con-centrated extract significantly higher than expected clearlyindicates the presence of inhibitors which interfere withthe measurement. Hence, in order to obtain reliable assays of T-GUS activity, the inhibitory capacity of the plant extract at the desiredconcentration should be determined and used to correctthe measured enzyme activity. This is easily achievable because of the same affinity of the plant extract inhibitors towards the enzyme encoded by the uidA gene (i.e. T-GUS) and the pure bacterial GUS, which allows to measure the inhibitory capacity of a tissueextract on the commercially available E. coli enzyme and apply the correction on the activity of the transgenicenzyme. This involves a straightforward procedure con- sisting of three steps that can be routinely applied to any assay: a) measurement of the T-GUS activity in the plantextract at convenient dilution; b) addition of a knownconcentration of commercial E. coli GUS to the plantextract and measurement of the overall enzymatic activity; c) measurement of the uninhibited activity of the same concentration of E. coli GUS in the extraction buffer. The E. coli GUS activity in the plant extract is calculated by sub- tracting the T-GUS activity from the overall enzymaticactivity. The inhibitory capacity is then calculated by com-parison of the uninhibited activity of the bacterial enzyme and its activity in the extract, and the inhibition percent- age is applied to correct the T-GUS reaction rates. It isimportant that the same extract concentration (i.e. theinhibitor concentration) is used when T-GUS activity ismeasured in the presence and absence of the added com-mercial E. coli GUS. Fluorescence coefficient of MU needs to be assessed in order to express enzyme activity in abso- lute values, thus correcting for fluorescence interference ofextract components. This applies regardless of the methodemployed to assay GUS activity, as we found that extractcomponents can bias results in both continuous and dis-continuous measurement (see [11]). As the nature, localization and regulation of the com- pounds responsible for GUS inhibition are still unknown,it is difficult to hypothesize what variable factors mayaffect their concentration and extractability. Moreover,quantification of GUS activity is often performed in exper-iments carried out under variable physiological condi- tions, which may bear an unpredictable effect on the presence and activity of the inhibitor. For this reason,assuming that the inhibitory capacity calculated for a cer-tain organ is maintained constant in separate trials maylead to inaccurate results, and we strongly suggest that theinhibitor capacity is calculated for each single extract sam- ple at the desired dilution rather than applying values of correction calculated on separate, independent extracts ofthe same tissues. Inhibition of plant endogenous GUS Endogenous GUS has recently been shown to be ubiqui- tous in plants [4], but its characterization is still poorly known. Combined with histochemical evidence comingfrom a large number of species, quantitative GUS assaysperformed on model plants have been used to study theactivity of the endogenous enzyme (e.g. [4,25-27]), andfurther investigations will allow to achieve a better under-standing of its function in plant organs. According to our results, inhibitory components present in tissue extracts affect also plant endogenous GUS,although with remarkably lower affinity as compared tothe E. coli enzyme. Similar disparity of inhibitory capacity towards plant endogenous GUS was previously reported for the commonly used inhibitor of E. coli GUS D-saccaric acid 1-4 lactone [24]." 835 W3168919676.pdf 4 " Fig. 6. Detected Pu238-induced morphoses in F1 flies in test system 1-112: (a) shortened right wing; (b) change in thorax coloration or ""glazing"" (c ) absence of one wing with thorax deformation. Morphoses in Drosophila flies of the first and seco nd generations appeared as black spots or melanomas on various parts of the imago body; ""generalized"" melanomas; twisted, curved wings; shortened wing; blistering on one wing; absence of one wing, deformation of thorax, interruption and violation of tergite patterns, violation of distribution of eye facets and hairs; pigmentation absence of second and third legs. 4 Conclusion Statistical analysis by Chi-square method showed a significant differ ence in the mutation level in the experiment with Pu238 and the control at P≤0.01. Statistical analysis of data from the experiments with Ra226 and triplet significantly conf irmed the mutagenic effect at a probability level of P≤0.01. On the basis of this, it can be ass umed that alpha-particles which were used to simulate the situation in ra don-hazardous areas have a mutagenic effect manifested mainly in the formation of morphosis or deformities. The work was performed with the support of th e state grant funding of basic research of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP09258978, AP09058404). References 1. ICRP Publication 65. Protection Against Radon- 222 at Home and at Work, Ann. ICRP 23(2) , 1-45 (1993) 2. ICRP Publication 50. Lung Cancer Risk from Exposures to Radon Daughters, Ann. ICRP 17(1) , 1-60 (1987) 3.Z. Chen, Y. Li, Z. Liu, J. Wang, X. Zhou, J. Du, Sci Rep 8, 16772 (2018) 4. M. Neri, S. Giammanco, E. Ferrera, G. Patan e, V. Zanon, J. of Env. Radioactivity, 102(9) , 863–870 (2011). 5. J. Vaupotic, et al, Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences, 10(4) , 1–6 (2010). 6. A. Lovinskaya, et al., Ecological genetics, 17(2) , 69-81 (2019). E3S Web of Conferences 265, 02002 (2021) APEEM 2021https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126502002 5" 836 W4362639819.pdf 1 "RESEARCH ARTICLE European Journal of Law and Political Science www.ej -politics .org DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ej politics .2023 .2.2.75 Vol 2 | Issue 2 | April 2023 37 “Collecting Society Definition,” LexisNexis In -how Advisor expert, http://www. lexisnexis.co.uk , accessed on 6/2/2023). Furthermore, a collecting society is an organization that licenses and manages copyrighted works on behalf of copyright owners. Song writers and composers become members of collec ting societies to collect royalties from use of their works. Collecting societies monitor performances and distribution of the works, on radio, television, in public venues and online (Google, “About collecting societies”, http://www.support.google.com , accessed on 4/2/2023). The Copyright Act 2004 defines collecting society as an association of copyright owners which has as its principal objectives the negotiating and granting o f licenses , collecting, and distributing of royalties in respect of copyright work (S.39(8) of the Copyright Act Cap C28 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004). Consequently, it is my considered opinion that collecting society is a non -governmental organ ization approved and registered by the Nigerian Copyright Commission for the protection of copyright works particularly, in the grant of licenses , collecting and distribution of royalties, and enforcement of copyright rights where need be. III. FORMATION , APPROVAL AND REGISTRATION OF COLLECTING SOCIETY The formation of the collecting society is enshrined in Section 39 of the copyright Act 2004. Section 39(1) provides that a collecting society may be formed in respect of any one or more rights of copyright owners for the benefit of such owner, and the society may apply to the commission for approval to operate as a collecting society. The Copyright Act in showing the importance and necessity of the Nigerian Copyright Commission to approve any c ollecting society provides in S. 39(4) thus: “It shall be unlawful for any group of persons to purport to perform the duties of a society without the approval of the commission as required under this section. Failure to comply with the relevant provisions of the law regarding collecting societies, whether by individuals or corporate bodies constitutes a crime punishable by imprisonment or fine.” (S.39(5) and (6) of the Copyright Act 2004). Section 17 of the Copyright Act also provides that: “Notwithsta nding the provisions of this Act or any other law, no action for infringement of copyright or any right under this Act shall be commenced or maintained by any person – a) Carrying on the business of negotiating and granting of licence; b) Collecting and di stribution royalties in respect of copyright works or representing more than fifty owners of copyright in any category or works protected by this Act. Unless it is approved under Section 39 of this Act to operate as a collecting society or is otherwise iss ued a certificate of exemption by the commission. ” See also Multichoice Nig Ltd v MSCN Nig Ltd/Gte (2020) The community reading of sections 17 and 39 of the Copyright Act 2004 is to the effect that a collecting society is formed in respect of rights of copyright owners and for their benefit and this society requires approval or certificate of exemption by the Nigerian Copyright Commission. In Nigerian Copyright Commission & Ors v Musical Copyright Society of Nigeria Ltd & Ors (2017), the Court of Appeal per B.A. Georgewill held that: “...In my finding the 1st Respondent and its Officers, Staff and or Agent, undoubtedly carrying on the functions of a collecting society required the approval of the Appellant to so operate as a collecting society in Nigeria, failing which their activities thereto are illegal. See Sections 16, 17 and 39 of the Copyright Act 2004.In law therefore, an Association of Copyright Owners, referred to as Collecting Society, which may be formed upon the satisfaction of the conditions provided for under the Act, requi re by law by virtue of Sections 17 and 39 of the Copyright Act the approval of the Copyright Commission to operate as Collecting Society in the first place, in which capacity only they could sue under the Copy Right Act and therefore, the approval of the N igeria Copyright Commission is a condition precedent to their operation as Collecting Society and without which they would lack the legal standing to sue under the Copy Right Act 2004, of which the 1st Respondent is undoubtedly a collecting society. See S ection 39 of the Copyright Act 2004. See Compact Disc Technologies Ltd v. MCSN Ltd/Gte (2010) LPELR (CA) .” Also the Court in Performing and Mechanical Right Society Ltd/Gte v Skye Bank & Ors (2017) in adumbration and support of the above, stated that the community purport of the provisions Sections 17" 837 W2979408602.pdf 3 "Billon et al. Vitiligo in Renal Cell Carcinoma FIGURE 2 | Vitiligo lesions. Depigmentation of eyebrows (A), hair(B), and skin(C)observed after 8 months of treatment with nivolumab. Depigm entation affected the whole skin but preferentially the chest. FIGURE 3 | Macroscopic and microscopic examination. Macroscopic examination (A): fibrosis alterations on upper pole of the kidney (arrow) Microscopic examination (B,C): fibrosis alterations with calcifications and without residual tumor cells. Stars indicate normal parenc hyma. Certain HLA genotypes, such as HLA DQ2/DQ8 or HLA DQA1, might be associated with immune disorders ( 23) and could be consequently associated with irAEs ( 24) or tumor response to ICIs. However, these genotypes were not detected in our patient after HLA typing. Recent studies suggest that HLA expression may affect the response to immune checkpoint inhibitorsinadvancedmelanoma( 25)andHodgkin’slymphoma (26). Patients with MHC class II-positive and MHC class I-low expression tumors might have better responses and improvedOS. The role of nephrectomy is still unclear for patients who have a complete response to nivolumab in renal cell carcinoma. Approximately 90% of patients in the Checkmate 025 trial had a prior nephrectomy before systemic therapy, yet only a few (1%) had a complete response to treatment ( 6). Two othercases of total nephrectomy after radiological complete respon se with nivolumab were also described ( 27,28), where both cases observed complete pathological responses without any viable malignant cells. These two cases, such as our, indicate that total nephrectomies could be safely carried out for metastat ic clearcell renal cell carcinoma afternivolumabtherapy,how ever, in our case, a partial nephrectomy was impossible due to significant post-immunotherapy fibrosis. Also, it is important to note that, in the case of pathological complete response, a biopsy is required before surgery in order to avoid an unnecessarynephrectomy. The question of nivolumab discontinuation remains unanswered in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma for patients treated for 2 years with pathological complete respons e. In metastatic melanomas, retrospective and prospective data indicated excellent results with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, even after discontinuation. In the phase III Checkmate 067 study, 159/314 patients treated by the combination nivolumab +ipilimumab were still alive at 4 years, and 113 (71%) of them are free from study treatment and have never received subsequent systemic therapy ( 29). For patients who received nivolumab alone, 138/316 patients were still alive after 4 years, and 69 stopped the treatment for any reason and never received other systemic therapy. In contrast, in the phase III Checkmate 017 and Checkmate 057 studies, 20/83 patients responding to nivolumab for non-smal l cell lung cancer maintained an objective response after 3 years (26/418 patients continued nivolumab at 3 years) ( 30). Furthermore, in a retrospective study of 19 patients with non-small cell lung cancer responding to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, for those who stopped immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment due to AEs ( 31) the median PFS after discontinuation depended on the confirmed response during administration, as PFS was not reached for partial response patients (4/19) vs. 4.9 months for stable patients (12/19). Additionally, in a retrospective analysis of 262 patients tre ated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in phase I studies for all types of cancer, immunotherapy was discontinued in 39 cases for reasons other than progression, while 24 patients were still responding to treatment and 39 were in complete response( 32). Nivolumab discontinuation was not documented in mCCRCC, and the decision, in our case, was made in concert withthepatient. CONCLUSION We reported herein a case of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma with radiological and pathological complete response after nivolumab therapy and the associated irAEs. This case further highlights the potentially predictive role of irAEs during nivolumab therapy for mCCRCC. Further studies are needed to better identify predictive factors for treatment response to immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and to better understand the role of nephrectomy afternivolumabtreatment. Frontiers in Oncology | www.frontiersin.org 4 October 2019 | Volume 9 | Article 1033" 838 W4281755369.pdf 2 "Western Europe. In the second section, I argue that Christian privilege is embedded in a secular Christian hegemony. Despite national differences, many hegemonic Christiansymbols and practices across Europe are seen as ‘secular ’, made possible by a speci fically Christian understanding of ‘religion ’, alongside ‘culture ’and ‘secularity ’. I argue that this secular Christian hegemony facilitates discourses of racism and religious bigotry which portray non-Christians as abnormal and deviant Others, but it also has a complex and at times strained relationship with confessional forms of Christianity. This expands andcomplicates existing research that points to an anti-religious climate and the dominationof the secular (e.g. Cavanaugh, 2009 ;Hirschkind, 2011 ). In the third section, I explore concrete examples of Christian privilege and sketch a normative framework to furtherdemocratic debate about which kinds of Christian privilege are legitimate, and which arenot. Building on the work of Lawrence Blum (2008) , I differentiate between privileges as spared injustices, unjust enrichments, and justi fiable privileges. I also make some pre- liminary suggestions for addressing problematic forms of Christian privilege. Here, it becomes clear that simply demanding a stricter form of separating ‘religion ’from ‘secular ’realms does not provide a satisfactory solution. Privilege as analytic tool: Hegemony and privilege In the decades following Peggy McIntosh ’seminal article on privilege as ‘invisible knapsack ’of unearned bene fits in 1988, the conceptual language of ‘privilege ’has become widespread in activism as well as scholarship on race, gender, and class. The main aim of McIntosh ’article was to broaden our understanding of inequality by not just looking at disadvantages that result from it, but also by examining how some groupsbenefit from it. Bearers of privilege, McIntosh (1988) argued, are generally unaware of this, because they lack the social information to recognize the obstacles they do not experience. However, the lens of privilege has been criticized for focusing too much onindividual self-transformation and guilt, rather than structural analyses of oppression andexclusion ( Lensmire et al., 2013 ;Leonardo, 2004 ;McWhorter, 2005 ). The focus on raising awareness and ‘checking one ’s privileges ’, critics have rightly argued, has often led to an understanding of privilege as a psychological attitude that can be remedied bypersonal decisions, rather than a structural problem with psychological as well assymbolic and material repercussions ( Pease, 2010 ). This impedes a structural interro- gation of capitalism, patriarchy, and white supremacy ( Aouragh, 2019 ;Budgeon, 2015 ). 3 To avoid such an individualizing approach to privilege, it is important to reconsider what role privilege can and should take up in the conceptual toolbox of analyzing powerhierarchies. I argue that the concept of privilege has most critical force when it is un- derstood as the concrete materialization of structures of hegemony. Popularized by Marxist scholar Antonio Gramsci and later often used in Foucauldian accounts of dis-cursive power, hegemony is a system of hierarchical power based on manufacturing akind of ‘common sense ’. Unlike direct domination or coercion, hegemony works via particular hierarchies embedded in dominant ideas, values, norms, beliefs, and prejudicesthat are produced as ‘normal ’through ‘societal expectation, peer pressure, propriety and at times politics of shame ’(Dhawan et al., 2016 : 3). Those whose behaviour orLauwers 405" 839 W2974448360.pdf 2 "Commente374 www.thelancet.com/planetary-health Vol 3 September 2019First, structured, systematic consultation with young people must guide work in planetary health. Leaders in planetary health need to establish clear, consistent, and safe opportunities for young people in agenda setting and decision making and provide support and resources for translating youth input into tangible outcomes. Dedicated youth ambassadors and advisory bodies are a potentially useful starting point. However, consulting select groups of young people is not an adequate substitute for engagement with a broad spectrum of youth perspectives. Planetary health leaders must therefore develop comprehensive youth consultation and engagement strategies to maximise the diversity of available youth expertise. These strategies should include deliberate effort to seek out marginalised groups, whose voices are often not heard. Second, as well as providing opportunities for young people to participate in planetary health, leaders must facilitate youth participation by identifying and removing barriers. Many of these barriers are inherent to the adult-centric nature of institutions and decision-making processes, and without necessary orientation and support young people can be left disempowered. The accessibility of opportunities across diverse groups of young people should be a key priority. Funding is another notable barrier to equitable youth participation. Planetary health organisations must, therefore, allocate funding for youth engagement, including adequately remunerating young people for the time and expertise they contribute. Third, the planetary health sector must hold itself accountable for the adequacy and efficacy of its youth engagement and strive for consistent improvement. To this end, young people should be involved in the design and implementation of appropriate monitoring and evaluation frameworks. The sector would benefit from developing a common set of indicators of youth engagement. Monitoring and evaluation should occur systematically and consistently and provide a basis for young people to both provide and receive regular feedback on their participation in planetary health initiatives. Finally, the planetary health sector should work to enhance the evidence base supporting youth participation in public health programs, governance, and resource management. Doing so would help to provide a mandate for youth leadership in a variety of sectors and help counter misguided assumptions about the efficacy of youth input in shaping health priorities and action in local, national, and international arenas. Planetary health journals should seek out and publish evidence on the efficacy of youth-driven initiatives. Youth have spoken over recent years and their voices only grow louder. It is no longer enough to pursue sustainable development for them, it must be done with them. Their unique perspectives, attributes, and experiences must be sincerely valued. Planetary health has the opportunity to exemplify what it means to meaningfully engage youth. In this Comment, we detail principles essential for shifting from tokenistic to meaningful youth engagement. By focusing on broad consultation, facilitation, accountability, and building an evidence base, we can achieve this essential goal. We call on the planetary health community to reflect on its values and framework and realise that empowerment, Panel: Case studies of the practice points in action Consultation Canada’s Prime Minister’s Youth Council is an initiative that provides a platform for a diverse group of youth to offer advice, both in person and online, to the highest levels of government; issues advised on were not limited to those explicitly concerning youth, but included areas such as the economy and climate policy. Facilitation Women Deliver is a global program offering female youth advocates opportunities to develop advocacy skills through access to media experiences at institutions such as the BBC and Guardian, mentorship, and training; further personal development is achieved through provision of small grants or scholarships to attend the Women Deliver Global Conference and access to an alumni network. Accountability In 2009, the UN Population Fund in Nepal did a youth audit to assess the degree of meaningful youth engagement within their organisation; the audit tool was developed and implemented with youth input at all stages. Evidence Youth Lead the Change: Participatory Budgeting Boston was a project lead by the city of Boston, which allocated US$1 million to implement community initiatives proposed and voted for by youth; materials were translated, underserved areas were targeted, and text messaging was used to contact those unable to participate in person. Researchers created publicly available evidence about the program’s impact through attending meetings and conducting post–ante interviews.For more on Canada’s Prime Minister’s Youth Council see https://www.canada.ca/en/ campaign/prime-ministers- youth-council.html For more on Women Deliver see https://womendeliver.org/ From more on UN Population Fund in Nepal see https://www. unfpa.org/data/transparency- portal/unfpa-nepal For more on Youth Lead the Change: Participatory Budgeting Boston see https://use.metropolis.org/case- studies/youth-lead-the-change- participatory-budgeting- boston#casestudydetail" 840 W2800641949.pdf 2 "Eur. Phys. J. C (2018) 78 :354 Page 3 of 4 354 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14|Jy| (-h units) b (fm) Fig. 10 Estimated angular momentum (in ¯hunits) of the overlap region of the two colliding nuclei (solid line) and total angular momentum ofthe plasma according to the parametrization of the initial conditions(dashed line), as a function of the impact parameter 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 η/sτx τy τη xy yη ηx Fig. 11 Mean of the absolute value of thermal vorticity covariant components at the freeze-out as a function of η/s. Note that the /pi1xη,/pi1 yη,/pi1τηhave been multiplied by 1 /τ-0.008-0.007-0.006-0.005-0.004-0.003-0.002-0.001 0 0.001 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 η/sτx τy τη xy yη ηx Fig. 12 Mean values of thermal vorticity components at the freeze-out as a function of η/s. Note that the /pi1xη,/pi1 yη,/pi1τηhave been multiplied by 1/τ -4-2 0 2 4 -4 -2 0 2 4x (fm) η-0.05-0.04-0.03-0.02-0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 Fig. 13 Contour plot of 1 /τ-scaled ηxcovariant component of the thermal vorticity, /pi1ηx/τover the freeze-out hypersurface for y=0, η/s=0.1,ηm=2.0 123" 841 W2094665636.pdf 1 "Materials and Methods Animals Female 8-weeks-old Sprague-Dawley rats (CLEA Japan, Japan) were used in this study. All animals were quarantined and acclimatized for 1 week prior to the experiments under the following general conditions: room temperature of 23 62uC, relative humidity of 60 610%, alternating 12-hour light-dark cycle (8 AM to 8 PM), and water and food ad libitum . All animals were used according to the Association of Research and Vision in Ophthalmology (ARVO) statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research. The protocol for this study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Research of the Keio University School of Medicine (Approval No. 11008-2). Honey bee products Raw honey, an ethanolic extract of propolis, the lyophilized powder of RJ, pollen granules, and the lyophilized powder of larva were used. The detailed information of each honey bee products used in this study is described in Table S1. All honey bee products were supplied by Yamada Bee Company, Inc. (Okayama, Japan). Protein secretion from isolated LGs Rats were euthanized by excess pentobarbital administration and their LG were rapidly dissected. LG digested by collagenase type 3 (Worthington, USA) was incubated in saline solution (140 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl 2, 1 mM MgCl 2,1 0m M HEPES, 10 mM dextrose [pH 7.4]) with each honey bee product. Carbachol (CCH), a cholinergic stimulus, was used as a positive control. The protein concentration in the medium was measured using the Bradford reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the standard. The protein secretion rate was calculated as a percentage of that the before stimulation. 5 rats were used in each group. Rat blink-suppressed dry eye model The model and methodology used to simulate VDT has been described previously [7,20,21]. In brief, a series of treatments were performed under dry conditions, with a room temperature of 2362uC, relative humidity of 25 65%, and constant air flow at 2 to 4 m/s produced by an electric fan. Each rat was placed on a swing for 7.5 hours per day between 9 AM and 5 PM. Aphotograph of the rat blink-suppressed model was shown in figure S1. This series of treatment, procedure to simulate VDT in rat, was repeated for 5 days for screening of honey bee products and 10days for the RJ evaluation. Each honey bee product was dissolved in distilled water at 240 mg/ml (honey), 40 mg/ml (pollen, larva, and propolis), and 60 mg/ml (RJ) and was repeatedly administered orally each 1 ml to rats once a day. Distilled water was used as vehicle control. To screen honey bee products at the effective dose for health benefits, the dosage of each honey bee product was chosen by reference to previous reports [14,22,23]. Lacrimal function was evaluated on day 11. For each experiment using rat blink-suppressed dry eye model, 6 to 18 rats were used in each group. Tear secretion. We used a modified Schirmer test on rat eyes to measurement tear fluid secretion under topical anesthesia by 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride solution (Santen Pharma- ceutical, Japan) [24]. A phenol red thread (Zone-Quick; Showa Yakuhin kako, Japan) was placed on the temporal side of the upper eyelid margin for 1 minute. The length of the moistened area from the edge was measured within 1 mm. Corneal fluorescein staining. Changes in the corneal surface were determined by the application of a fluoresceinsolution under a blue-free barrier filter [25], and corneal staining of the area was graded according to previously described criteria [20]. Histopathological examination. The fixed LG in 10% formalin was embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Sections were subjected to HE staining or immunostaining. The acinar cell density of each section was determined by quantifying the nuclear number in three randomly selected areas (2500 mm2). Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8) was immnos- tained to evaluate the occupied pattern of secretory vesicles (SVs) in the acinar cells of specimens. VAMP8 was previously shown to be enriched on the membranes of zymogen granules [26]. The primary antibody used for immunostaining was a rabbit mono- clonal antibody against VAMP8 (Abcam, UK). Nuclear staining was performed by treating specimens with hematoxylin. Mitochondrial function. The homogenized LG was exam- ined to measure ATP levels and mitochondrial content. ATP levels were determined according to the instructions for the ATP Bioluminescence Assay Kit CLS 2 (Roche Molecular Biochemi- cals, Germany). Mitochondrial content was measured by using the fluorescence dye, Mitotracker green FM (Molecular Probes, USA) and Hoechst 33342 (Dojin Chemical, Japan). These measurements were performed on a Synergy 4 plate reader (Biotek Company, USA). The mitochondrial membrane potential of the LG was visualized by staining with Mitotracker red (Invitrogen), a membrane potential-dependent fluorescence dye. Western blot. Total protein extracts from the LG were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to PVDF membranes using a dry blotting system (V20-SDB, SCIE- PLAS, UK), and incubated with antibodies. Immunolabeled proteins were detected using Pierce Western blotting Substrate Plus (Thermo SCIENTIFIC, Germany) and a Lumino-image analyzer (LAS-4000, FujiFilm, Japan). All bands were normalized tob-actin. The primary antibodies used for Western blotting were as follows; AMP-activated protein kinase [AMPK (Cell Signaling, Japan), Phospho-AMPK (Cell Signaling)], and b-actin (Sigma Aldrich). 6rats were used in each group. Intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i ) measurements The LG digested by collagenase type 3 was filtered through a 100mm nylon mesh (Cell Strainer, BD Biosciences, Japan) to isolate LG acinar cells. Acinar cells were loaded with fura-2/AM (Invitrogen, USA), the fluorescent Ca2+indicator, and transferred to round coverslips. Coverslips were then mounted on a chamber fixed on the stage of an inverted fluorescence microscope (IX71, Olympus, Japan). Acinar cells were continuously perfused with diverse experimental solutions through polyethylene tubes con- nected to a peristaltic pump (Minipulse 3, Gilson, USA) at flowrate of 0.8 ml per minutes. Royal jelly (100, 300, and 500 mg/ml), CCH (10 mM; Tokyo Kasei Kougyo, Japan), and 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (500 mg/ ml; 10-HDE, Cayman, USA) were diluted to the desired concentrations with saline solution and used as stimulants. AG1478 (10 mM; Wako, Japan), Atropine sulfate (1 mM; Nacalai, Japan), U73122 (1 mM; Sigma, Japan), and cyclopiazonic acid (10mM; CPA, Sigma, Japan) were appropriately prepared in saline solution before use. Changes in [Ca2+]i were measured by dual excitation microfluorometry using a digital image analyzer (Aqua Cosmos/Ratio, Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan). The fluo- rescence signal was detected using UV objective lens (UApo2063/340, Olympus), and the emission passing through a band pass filter (500 610 nm) was detected by a cooled CCD camera (ORCAER, Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan). Data acquisition wasRoyal Jelly as Prevention Intervention for Dry Eye PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 2 September 2014 | Volume 9 | Issue 9 | e106338" 842 W2988610680.pdf 0 "GSA 2019 Annual Scientific Meetingthe care recipient (2%) were enunciated as areas requiring training. Many of the training needs should be addressed by healthcare professionals in their interactions with caregivers and care recipients. Programs are available online, but care - givers are not accessing this training. To improve outcomes for both caregivers and care recipients targeted training for caregivers is needed. PUBLIC HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES SYSTEM: THE DISENCHANTMENT OF ISOLATED SENIOR CAREGIVERS Melanie Couture ,1 Pam Orzeck ,2 and Apostolia Petropoulos3, 1. Centre for research and expertise in social gerontology, CIUSSS West-Central Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 3. Jewish Eldercare Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Social isolation is one of the negative consequences asso - ciated with caregiving and is experienced by approximately 20% of Canadian family caregivers. Being in a public health and social services system, Canadian caregivers should nor - mally turn to their local community service centres (CLSC) to access formal services and feel less isolated. However, studies have shown that satisfaction is low regarding acces - sibility and continuity of formal support services. In an effort to develop interventions that meet the needs of isolated senior caregivers, the purpose of this exploratory descriptive qualita - tive study was to identify challenges encountered in accessing and utilizing formal supports within the public health and so - cial services system in Canada. Nineteen isolated senior care - givers participated in seven focus groups. Data analysis was performed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014) approach. Results showed that isolated caregivers do not know where to get information about existing services within the formal system. Once services are found, waiting lists are linked to unbearable delays. Some caregivers are actually re - directed to private services, if they can afford it. Isolated care - givers also criticize the unpredictability of the system as they face relentless changes of care providers, inadequate services and sometimes unwarranted cancellations or terminations. In addition, they find formal services lacking human sensitivity. Many of them come to the conclusion that formal services are not worthwhile and exclude themselves from the formal system. This research demonstrated that the health and social services system can actually contribute to the social isolation of senior caregivers longing for support. SESSION 2050 (SYMPOSIUM) FROM BIG DATA TO COMMUNITY SETTINGS: HOW CAN EXERCISE IMPROVE HEALTH OUTCOMES IN OLDER CANCER SURVIVORS? Chair: Shirley M. Bluethmann , The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States Discussant: Corinne Leach , American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States Current guidelines recommend that survivors achieve regular physical activity and reduced inactivity to attenuate cancer and mortality risk and to promote quality of life. Optimal ways of obtaining physical activity or measuring how much exercise has been achieved continues to be a challenge, especially among older adults and cancer sur - vivors. Our symposium will provide insights using big data to understand population level patterns of activity and po - tential benefits for survivors, examining implications for survival and key health outcomes, including multimorbidity and functional limitations. We will also discuss social and environmental determinants that may be important for older survivors in designing community interventions, especially in rural communities. These include considerations related to the built environment and social support to promote leisure- time physical activity in older survivors. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SEDENTARY BEHAVIORS: IMPACT ON SELF-RATED HEALTH AND PHYSICAL OUTCOMES IN CANCER SURVIVORS Shirley M. Bluethmann ,1 Eileen Flores ,2 Charles Matthews ,3 and Frank Perna3, 1. The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States, 2. Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States, 3. National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States Physical activity (PA) and avoidance of inactivity are re - commended in cancer survivorship. But survivors are not meeting these recommendations. We used national data (NHANES) collected 2011-2014 (n=9620) to estimate asso - ciations of PA and TV viewing with 3 health outcomes: self- rated health, functional limitations and multimorbidity in older cancer survivors and adults without cancer. Greater PA was associated with reporting excellent health in survivors. Survivors that obtained 22.5+ MET-hours/week were 5.5 times more likely to report excellent health than those that did no exercise (OR=5.5, p<.001). We observed a decrease in likelihood of multimorbidity and functional limitations with increasing PA (both significant at p<.001). We noted survivors that abstained from watching TV were 3x more likely to report excellent health and between 60-80% less likely to report functional limitations and multimorbidity than TV watchers (p<001). Findings with non-cancer adults were similar. Survivors need PA and reduced TV to maximize health outcomes. SELF-REPORTED WALKING PACE AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AMONG CANCER SURVIVORS IN THE NIH-AARP DIET AND HEALTH STUDY Elizabeth Salerno ,1 Pedro Saint Maurice ,1 Erik Willis ,1 Loretta DiPietro ,2 and Charles Matthews1, 1. National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States, 2. George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States We examined the association between self-reported walking pace and all-cause mortality among cancer survivors in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Participants in - cluded 30,110 adults (Mage=62.4+/-5.14  years) diagnosed with cancer between study enrollment and follow-up, when they self-reported walking pace. Individuals were followed until death or administrative censoring in 2011. We esti - mated the hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence inter - vals (CI) for walking pace and all-cause mortality adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, health status, physical activity and Innovation in Aging , 2019, Vol. 3, No. S1 387Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/innovateage/article/3/Supplement_1/S387/5616132 by guest on 18 May 2024 " 843 W4378883284.pdf 4 "213 From proper names to common nouns of German, where there are the -i smus formations, but the verbs which are formed from proper names and are comparable to the It. -e ggiare verbs are normally created by conversion (cf. Donalies 2000): e.g. thomasmannen , hei- deggern , poppern , barzeln , brahmsen , möllemannen , wagnern , fringsen , morsen , röntgen , haidern , goethen , kulicken , töpfern , schwätzern .4 2. The crucial problem with proper names: the lexical meaning The first problem we are faced with concerns the meaning of the derived nouns in It. -i smo/ -i sta and AG -i smós / -i stḗs which have a proper name as lexical base. According to Bergien (2011, 2013), we assume that proper names have a connotative value, and that the meaning of the proper names is built “online” and depends on the cultural meaning and the shared knowledge of the participants to the communication. 5 The cultural specificity of proper names is also underlined by Thurmair (2002a) who argues that every culture has a specific thesaurus of proper names, i.e. persons, institutions, places, brand names, etc. the knowledge of which is necessary to participate in public relevant discourse. Obviously that knowledge varies from culture to culture and requires an extensive linguistic competence of the connotations related with specific proper names. We can distinguish proper names of universal, occidental, European, or language specific, e.g. Italian or German, relevance. Especially in journalistic texts there is a continuously varying inventory of 4 T he lexical bases are respectively: Thomas Mann, Martin Heidegger, Karl Popper, Rainer Barzel, Johannes Brahms, Jürgen Möllemann, Richard Wagner, Kardinal Joseph Frings, Samuel F.B. Morse, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Jörg Haider, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Atze Kulicke, Klaus Töpfer, Irmgard Schwaetzer. However, even a German native speaker, in order to understand the formations, needs a comprehensive, specific knowledge of the person and the characteristics, behaviour etc. for whom he/she is famous for, denoted in the morphological base. Only in that way it is possible to decide if the verb belongs to class (a) ‘to behave, look like, talk, write or think like X’ as in the case of thomasmannen or to class (b) ‘to conduct or act following the methods or ideas of X’ as in the case of fringsen ‘to steal food and fuel in a justified manner’; for the classes cf. Donalies (2000) and Section 2 below. 5 I t is well known that the topic of the meaning of proper names has been a longstanding problem for both logicians and linguists. Among the philosophers and logicians, Mill (1843), Russell (1940), Gardiner (1954) and Kripke (1980) must be mentioned at least; among the linguists, interesting reflections on the subject have been proposed by Jes - persen (1924), Pulgram (1954), Jakobson (1957), Kuryłowicz (1966), Kleiber (1981); for an overview of the different topics concerning the proper names cf. Gary-Prieur (1994), Vaxelaire (2005) and Anderson (2007). Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter einer Creative Commons -BY 3.0 Deutschland Lizenz . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/ " 844 W3164013352.pdf 6 "869 Kyathanahally SP, et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021;92:863–871. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-325580Spinal cord injury Communication between the prefrontal cortical areas and the PAG has been recently shown in functional MRI studies.34 Here, we provide evidence for further downstream effects. Notably, microstructural alterations were detected within the spinal cord and also the PAG. These effects were related to pain intensity; furnishing an important predictive validity to this imaging phenotype. The PAG is known to serve as a link between the forebrain and the lower brainstem and is pivotal for the descending modulation of pain. It receives input from the frontal lobe, amygdala, hypothalamus and ACC and engages the rostral ventral medulla which in turn controls nociceptive processing in the spinal dorsal horn. 35 Direct stimulation of the PAG has successfully been trialled as a treatment option for NP including pain following SCI. 36 Thus, it is anticipated that molecular changes in the PAG could compromise descending inhibition of nociceptive processing and subsequently increase the spinal gain of incoming information. Our study is the first to provide evidence for NP- related changes in P AG microstructure in humans, underscoring the clinical relevance of these changes for NP following SCI. In conjunction with microstructural alter - ation in the injured spinal cord, these findings are compatible with the notion of a dysfunctional spinal–bulbo–spinal loop, a key circuit of the descending pain modulatory system. 3 Additional evidence for an impaired descending pain modu- latory system can be inferred from microstructural changes in other key constituents of this network, namely the ACC (ie, increased iron accumulation) and DLPFC circuitry 4 (ie, reduced myelin content). Previous studies had found structural and func-tional NP associations in the DLPFC 37 in those with NP . For example, reduced GM volume and hypometabolisms in the left DLPFC were observed in SCI patients suffering from NP when compared with healthy controls. 38 Here, we not only show that this reduction in volume is linked to a decrease in myelin- sensitive R1, but also that it is pain specific—as this reduction was not observed in pain- free patients. As the DLPFC is both involved in top- down inhibition and facilit ation of pain, the decreases in myelin content reported herein align well with the concept of pathological nociceptive gain control in NP after SCI. 2 The thalamus is considered to play an important role in the pathophysiology of central NP after SCI.32 After a spinal lesion ascending somatosensory pathways are damaged, which may result in deafferentation of rostral relay structures such as the thalamus. Intriguingly, our finding of R2* signal changes which may reflect iron accumulation in the thalamus in SCI patients with NP was confined to lateral thalamic nuclei, while volumetric changes in the medial thalamus were trauma- related (ie, found in SCI with and without NP). These findings offer an essential line of evidence that structural plasticity within the thalamus is specifically linked to the pathophysiology of NP after SCI. Finally, we observed an unexpected decrease of iron- sensitive R2* in the basal ganglia. The role of the basal ganglia in chronic pain conditions is still poorly understood, but its vast anatomical connections to a multitude of brain areas (including the thal-amus) and cervical cord make it plausible that the basal ganglia could play an important role in aberrant nociceptive bottom- up and top- down signalling (for review , see Borsook et al39). Our findings warrant further studies into the role of basal ganglia pathways in central NP . At present, the implications of these findings remain highly speculative. From a technical perspective, the multivariate (SBM) tests for group effects described above are, in principle, much more sensi-tive than the equivalent mass univariate (VBM) tests one would obtain from analysing the volumetric and microstructural images directly. This is because multivariate analyses do not try to assign a significance to each voxel or region—they test for distributed effects that covary among individuals. 16 Crucially, this multivar - iate analysis would not have been possible without combining the brain and spinal cord within the same analysis. This speaks to the potential importance of the combined brain and spine template used to spatially normalise our data. This template is available through open access (http://www. fil. ion. ucl. ac. uk/ spm/ toolbo x/ TPM/) for related studies that test for distributed effects throughout the neural axis. LIMITATIONS Our study had some limitations. The cross- sectional nature of the study restricts conclusions to a single time point and thus the temporal evolution of the above- described microstructural changes remains uncertain. Despite the histological evidence that MT, R1 and R2* markers correspond to their biochemical coun-terparts 13, they are indirect contrasts of myelin and iron content and any interpretation should take this into consideration. It should be noted that concurrently observed changes in R2*, R1 and MT may not be apparent in all microstructural changes. First, the sensitivity or signal- to- noise ratio in these different quantitative measures varies significantly.40 Thus, differences in sensitivity may render these measures complementary, that is, certain changes may only be visible in one of the metrics. Second, the different metrics have a distinct specificity and sensitivity to underlying microstruc-tural changes. 22 For example, R2* is exquisitely sensitive to changes in local susceptibility and concentration of paramagnetic compounds such as iron. Callaghan and colleagues 41 have demonstrated that R1 can be estimated from R2* and MT measurements by a general linear relaxometry model, which demonstrates that R2* and MT changes may even cancel each other and result in zero change in R1. Thus, partial contributions of unexplored physiological/cellular processes occurring after SCI cannot be excluded. Moreover, current standardised neurological tests cannot account for unobserved latent lifestyle or genetic factors which might be different between SCI patients and controls, a- priori. T o mitigate any potential effect of the scanner upgrade on our results, we ensured that the same number of patients and controls were measured before and after upgrade, allowing us to account for the upgrade effect (common to both cohorts) and modelled out any linear effect of these covariates of interest. Moreover, Leutritz et al 40 demonstrated that the system- atic bias in R1, MT and R2* measurements between a Skyra and Verio Siemens scanner setup is <4%. Thus, we are confident that the effects seen in this study are related to pathophysiological changes rather than technical sources. Finally, sex was not balanced across groups, with most of the participants being men. However, this is representative of the general population of SCI patients, in which the male to female patients’ ratio is roughly 4:1 and we also adjusted our models for this covariate of no interest. CONCLUSION This study evinces the microstructural signature of NP , affecting key constituents of the ascending and descending nociceptive pathways—its magnitude being directly linked to NP inten-sity. The complex interplay between myelin and iron changes in areas related to sensory and affective processing highlights maladaptive plastic processes likely involved in the maintenance of NP . Beyond unravelling the intimate pathophysiology of NP , tracking microstructural plasticity may facilitate patient moni-toring during clinical trials for NP . Author affiliations 1Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland on May 17, 2024 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://jnnp.bmj.com/ J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325580 on 26 May 2021. Downloaded from" 845 W4389385883.pdf 13 "Photonics 2023 ,10, 1347 14 of 15 measurements and estimations. We conducted a theoretical derivation to validate the effectiveness of this method. Then, we carried out simulations and experiments to conduct comparative frequency measurements and ranging trials. The findings reveal that our method can enhance the precision of both frequency and distance measurements by a factor of ten when contrasted with conventional techniques, and improved ranging outcomes are achievable even with large sweep increments. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.G. and C.G.; methodology, S.G.; validation, S.G., Y.W., Y.M. and S.C.; writing—original draft preparation, Y.W.; writing—review and editing, S.G.; funding acquisition, S.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52105541), the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20200983), the Changzhou Science and Technology Bureau (CQ20210082) and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJCX22_1430). Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Wang, Y. Laser precision ranging technology. Spacecr. Recovery Remote Sens. 2021 ,42, 22–33. 2. Martins, R.J.; Marinov, E.; Youssef, M.A.B.; Kyrou, C.; Joubert, M.; Colmagro, C.; G âté, V .; Turbil, C.; Coulon, P .-M.; Turover, D.; et al. Metasurface-enhanced light detection and ranging technology. Nat. Commun. 2022 ,13, 5724. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 3. Bae, Y.C. An improved measurement method for the strength of radiation of reflective beam in an industrial optical sensor based on laser displacement meter. Sensors 2016 ,16, 752. [CrossRef] 4. Qiu, Z.S.; Yang, F.; Ye, X.C.; Li, S.X. Research on Laser Ranging Technology Based on Pseudo-Random Code Phase Modulation and Coherent Detection. Laser Optoelectron. Prog. 2018 ,55, 052801. 5. Pan, Y.L.; Ji, R.Y.; Gao, C.; Zhou, W.H. High-speed phase laser ranging technology based on vector inner product method. Infrared Laser Eng. 2022 ,51, 20210186-1. 6. Zhang, F.M.; Yi, L.P .; Qu, X.H. Simultaneous measurements of velocity and distance via a dual-path FMCW lidar system. Opt. Commun. 2020 ,474, 126066. [CrossRef] 7. Jiang, S.; Liu, B.; Wang, H.C. FMCW laser ranging method based on a frequency multiplier. Appl. Opt. 2021 ,60, 918–922. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 8. Lin, C.X.; Wang, Y.F.; Tan, Y.D. Laser Feedback FMCW Ranging System Based on Multiple-Equal-Phase-Subdivision Resampling. J. Light. Technol. 2023 ,41, 2846–2854. [CrossRef] 9. Ke, J.Y.; Song, Z.Q.; Wang, P .S.; Cui, Z.M.; Mo, D.; Lin, M.; Wang, R.; Wu, J. Long distance high resolution FMCW laser ranging with phase noise compensation and 2D signal processing. Appl. Opt. 2022 ,61, 3443–3454. [CrossRef] 10. Uysal, F. Phase-coded FMCW automotive radar: System design and interference mitigation. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2019 ,69, 270–281. [CrossRef] 11. Okano, M.; Chong, C.H. Swept Source Lidar: Simultaneous FMCW ranging and nonmechanical beam steering with a wideband swept source. Opt. Express 2020 ,28, 23898–23915. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 12. Ula, R.K.; Noguchi, Y.; Iiyama, K. Three-dimensional object profiling using highly accurate FMCW optical ranging system. J. Light. Technol. 2019 ,37, 3826–3833. [CrossRef] 13. Bravo Gonzalo, I.; Dybbro Engelsholm, R.; Peter Sørensen, M.; Bang, O. Polarization noise places severe constraints on coherence of all-normal dispersion femtosecond supercontinuum generation. Sci. Rep. 2018 ,8, 6579. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 14. Wu, G.H.; Zhou, S.Y.; Yang, Y.T.; Ni, K. Dual comb ranging: Methodologies, systems and applications. In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), San Jose, CA, USA, 7–12 May 2023. [CrossRef] 15. Wu, G.H.; Zhou, S.Y.; Yang, Y.T.; Kai, N. Dual-comb ranging and its applications. Chin. J. Lasers 2021 ,48, 1504002. 16. Caldwell, E.D.; Sinclair, L.C.; Newbury, N.R.; Deschenes, J.-D. The time-programmable frequency comb and its use in quantum- limited ranging. Nature 2022 ,610, 667–673. [CrossRef] 17. Bell, B. The Use and Calibration of the Kern ME5000 Mekometer ; Proceedings; Stanford Linear Accelerator Center: Menlo Park, CA USA, 1992. 18. Meier, D.; Loser, R. The ME5000 Mekometer—A New Precision Distance Meter ; Kern & Co.: Aaray, Switzerland, 1986. 19. Metrology, L.G. Leica Absolute Tracker AT401, White Paper ; Hexagon AB: Stockholm, Sweden, 2010. 20. Derek, S.; Robert, V .H.; Joseph, S. Polarization and fold mirrors in application of the Leica Absolute Distance Meter. Polariz. Sci. Remote Sens. IV SPIE 2009 ,7461 , 189–197." 846 W4381251062.pdf 1 "Appl. Sci. 2023 ,13, 7264 2 of 18 compared with traditional methods, they are time-consuming and often fail to meet the real- time requirements for target detection tasks. Among the above algorithms, the dark channel prior theory [ 18] based on the atmospheric scattering model is more effective, has higher detection accuracy, and fast running speed. Thus, it is adopted in this paper to achieve the effect of defogging by incorporating the method into the target detection network. Target detection algorithms can be divided into two categories according to the pres- ence or absence of a preset anchor frame as a benchmark: anchor-free methods and anchor- based methods. Anchor-free algorithms mainly include ConerNet [ 19], CenterNet [ 20], FCOS [ 21], etc., and anchor-based mainly include YoLo series [ 22], SSD [ 23], RetinaNet [ 24], etc. Since anchor-based methods require setting different anchor frames in different datasets, and the setting of anchor frames will have an impact on the accuracy, non-extreme value suppression is also required, resulting in slow running speed [ 25]. To address the above drawbacks, anchor-free target detection algorithms have been gradually developed. For CenterNet networks, anchor-free algorithms treat a target as a point, and one target is determined using one feature point. Its prediction result will divide the input image into different regions, and each region will have one feature point. Then, it will be determined whether an object exists or not in each feature point, as well as its type and confidence, according to the prediction result. The algorithms will also adjust the feature point to obtain the center coordinates and the width and height of the object. Currently, target detection methods in foggy environments can be mainly divided into two categories: a two-stage method and an end-to-end approach. The two-stage method is an uncorrelated target detection method based on defogging detection. It defogs the fogged image using image enhancement and recovery methods and then detects the defogged image using target detection methods. The defogging process may bring problems such as artifacts, color distortion, and fog residue to the image, so not all images detected using defogging methods will improve their detection accuracy. The end-to-end approach, on the other hand, jointly optimizes the training of the defogging network and the target detection network to perform the defogging task and the detection task simultaneously [ 26–28] to solve the above problems. Therefore, this paper adopts an end-to-end approach to detect targets in foggy scenes to improve detection accuracy. As we all know, it is essential to construct the high-resolution foggy insulator image datasets taken by UAVs, then to locate and detect the “self-exposure” areas of insulators with the help of image-processing and deep-learning technologies to realize intelligent power inspection. As stated above, to address the challenges of foggy environment target detection, this paper proposes a joint learning framework Dark-Center foggy insulator detection and identification algorithm based on CenterNet, which is called Dark-Center detection for short. Its characteristics are outlined as follows: 1. Due to the lack of large-scale foggy insulator datasets, this paper builds foggy image dataset CPILDs using the haze simulation method to construct insulator haze images; 2. To address the problem of poor robustness of most current defogging algorithms, this paper proposes a novel image-defogging algorithm with an optimized defogging and repairing process; 3. The Center algorithm is proposed to enhance the detection capability of small insu- lators to solve the problem of insufficient feature extraction capability of the detec- tion network; 4. This paper jointly optimizes the training of the defogging algorithm and the tar- get detection algorithm to overcome the problems of artifacts, color distortion, and fog residue. 2. Construction of Foggy Insulator Datasets CPILDs Since there is no publicly available insulator dataset for foggy environments, this paper needs to construct a foggy insulator target detection dataset first, called CPILDs." 847 W4391814229.pdf 0 "Open Peer Review on Qeios Provide reduced frequency of positive consequence for behaviour BCT Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO) Source Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO) Definition: A provide positive consequence for behaviour BCT that provides the consequence at increasingly less frequent intervals. This definition was imported from the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (see https://bciosearch.org/ ). Comments and suggestions for improvements are welcome using the Qeios review system. Definitions imported from the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO) are what are known as ‘ontological definitions’. See this article in Qeios for an explanation https://www.qeios.com/read/YGIF9B . Ontological definitions can sometimes be hard to read. In those cases we also include an informal definition. Definitions also often require elaboration to make it clear how they should be used and what they include. In those cases we include a comment. Also, definitions sometimes require an explanation as to how they came about to help users understand how they relate to alternative definitions. In those cases we include a curator note. Qeios · Definition, February 14, 2024 Qeios ID: 8VT77T.2 · https://doi.org/10.32388/8VT77T.2 1 / 1" 848 W2961492059.pdf 4 "acquisitions were required for lesion targeting, signifi- cantly reducing radiation dose by 54% and procedural time by mean 24 min (minus 42%, non-significant likely due to small sample size). Similar advantages have been described in prior thermal ablation studies [ 22–24]. These benefits are likely to be the result of the nearly static PAVMs, and for this reason, diaphragmatic excur- sion was compared with a historic series of 10 patients undergoing the same procedure using IPPV. As ex- pected, HFJV-assisted cases demonstrated significantly lower diaphragmatic excursion compared to IPPV (mean 1.3 mm, compared with 20 mm for IPPV), and similar results (1.3 mm excursion with HFJV assistance com- pared with 11 mm for IPPV) were observed intraproce- durally in the five cases with HFJV assistance, although did not reach statistical significance likely due to small sample size. These measurements are comparable with reported excursion of 1 –3 cm during quiet breathing and conventional IPPV [ 29,30] and with prior studies reporting reduced diaphragmatic motion during HFJV- assisted extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy [ 25]. Although direct, reliable/reproducible measurement of PAVM motion was not possible due to retrospective differences in projections/positioning between cases, diaphragmatic excursion was considered an adequate surrogate, since it was less prominently affected by inter- procedural factors, and appears to be similar in magni- tude to whole-lung movement during respiration [ 31]. The present measurement of 1.3 mm is comparable to prior reports of HFJV-assisted thermal ablation and radiotherapy procedures. Denys et al. [ 21] measured tar- get tumour displacement during lung, liver, and renal tumour ablation using CT guidance and demonstrated a mean motion of 0.3 mm transversely and < 3.75 mm cranio-caudally. Biro et al. [ 20] reported a reduction in liver motion from 20 to 5 mm following switching from IPPV to HFJV, and liver motion < 3 mm has been reported during HFJV-assisted hepatic radiotherapy using fiducial markers [ 22]. Diaphragmatic excursion is therefore min- imal compared with gross motion using standard IPPVtidal volumes [ 18], and HFJV assistance appears to provide effective respiratory immobilisation. HFJV assistance appeared to be safe, with no episodes of desaturation, hypercapnia, or barotrauma. One patient experienced bronchospasm requiring temporary conver- sion to IPPV; however, this was due to insufficient depth of anaesthesia, and HFJV was promptly recommenced following additional anaesthetic administration. There were no differences in technical success/outcomes com- pared with IPPV. Use of current-generation systems (which continuously monitor airway pressure with an alarm signal to avoid barotrauma) and intermittent CO 2 monitoring with HFJV further increases procedural safety [ 14]. HFJV also proved practical and widely applic- able, with simple/user-friendly ventilator installation and few contra-indications (COPD with forced expiratory volume in the first second < 1500 mL, severe obesity, and recent pneumothorax/thoracic surgery [ 32]). How- ever, the need for specially trained anaesthesiology teams, and potentially longer anaesthetic times are as- pects that should be taken into account [ 14,21,23,24]. Study limitations include small sample size, including only few patients undergoing PAVM embolisation under general anaesthesia, and short follow-up, limiting gener- alisability and outcome comparison. Groups were non- randomised, but there were no significant differences in demographics, lesions, and embolisation devices. Pro- cedural duration did not include anaesthetic time, and there was no evaluation of anaesthesiologist technical difficulty due to the retrospective protocol. Finally, diaphragmatic excursion was used as a surrogate for PAVM motion and measured using a gross method. Al- though non-comparable to standardised diaphragmatic measurements and without proven correlation with PAVM motion, this was sufficient to illustrate significant relative motion reduction with HFJV assistance com- pared with IPPV. In conclusion, in patients undergoing PAVM embolisa- tion under general anaesthesia, HFJV-assisted embolisa- tion is a safe, practical technique enabling respiratoryTable 1 Patient demographics, symptoms, and PAVMs treated in groups A and B Group Number of patientsDemographics Symptoms Number of PAVMs treatedPAVM locationEmbolisation devices A (HFJV) 5 Age 47.2 ± 11.7 years (34–57 years) 2 males, 3 females4/5 (80%) 1 prior TIA 3 dyspnoea12 simple RLL ( n=4 ) RML ( n=1 ) RUL ( n=1 ) LLL ( n=4 ) LUL ( n=2 )6.5-mm MVP ( n= 4), vascular plug ( n= 5), coils ( n=3 ) B (IPPV) 10 Age 41.5 ± 12.4 years (27–65 years) 5 male, 5 female7/10 (70%) 1 prior TIA 6 dyspnoea15 (14 simple, 1 complex)RLL ( n=3 ) RML ( n=5 ) RUL ( n=2 ) LLL ( n=3 ) LUL ( n=2 )6.5-mm MVP ( n= 4), vascular plug ( n= 3), coils ( n=8 ) Ages are given as mean ± standard deviation (range). HFJV High-frequency jet ventilation, IPPV Intermittent positive pressure ventilation, LLL/LUL Left lower/upper lobes, MVP Microvascular plug, RLL/RML/RUL Right lower/middle/ upper lobes, TIATransient ischemic attackBoatta et al. European Radiology Experimental (2019) 3:26 Page 5 of 7" 849 W4233859333.pdf 0 "VARIOUS AUTHORS 551 slowing down o f micro-organism activity caused an increase in litter buildup. However, this meant that the percentage taken by termites was increased, and this percentage was instantly reduced to NH (another assumption o f model). Thus NH increased because o f greater input. NU rose because although the rate o f transfer from NH to NU was slower, the larger amount o f NH still meant that a greater amount o f NU was produced. The HA level increased slightly because the rate o f flow from HA to NU (not termite affected) was slower. It was found that the conceptualization o f decompo­ sition processes in a modelling framework, albeit very crude, gave direction and common goals to the researchers participating in this component o f the Savanna Ecosystem Project. It improved communi­ cation between individual participants and gave fieldworkers an insight into the data requirements of models. Examples which support these statements follow. Litter collected monthly from the study area is being analysed for the five chemical fractions into which it was classified, as well as for other fractions. From the results o f these analyses a more meaningful breakdown will be included in the next version o f the model. These results will also be used for model validation. A pilot project, started to establish the annual course o f leaf and dead wood fall, is being expanded because the importance o f litter fall was highlighted by the model. Cooperation between the researcher studying termites and the microbiologist has become more meaningful now that possible decomposition pathways including both termites and micro-organisms have been identified. Research is nowaimed at trying to either confirm the assumptions made in this model about the relative roles o f termites and micro-organisms or produce new assumptions based on sounder knowledge. The results presented above are o f limited value as they were based on some invalid assumptions and on transfer rates derived from temperate region studies rather than from the study site itself. Although the assumptions are being revised, the model is being re-structured, transfer rates are being derived from Nylsvley experiments (Fig. 6) and literature is being reviewed at present, we consider that this short Note on progress to date with the first South African decomposition model is appropriate. REFERENCES A u sm u s, B. S. & W itk a m p , M., 1975. Litter and soil microbial dynamics in a deciduous forest stand. Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratories Pub. C o e tz e e , B. J., V a n D e r M e u le n , F., Z w a n z ig e r , S., G o n s a l ­ ves, P. & W e is s e r , P., 1976. A phytosociological classi­ fication of the Nylsvley Nature Reserve. Bothalia 12: 137— 160. M o r r i s , J. W. (ed.), 1977. First modelling workshop—January 1977. Pretoria. Unpublished report of the Savanna Eco­ system Project. J. W. Mo r r is *, J. Bezu id en h o u t **, P. Fe r r a r I, J. C h arm ain e HoRNEf an d M . Ju d e l m a n | * Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Private Bag X101, Pretoria. ** University of Pretoria, Pretoria, t University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. A TABLE OF MAXIMUM ENTROPY VALUES FOR THE ECOLOGICAL PROFILES TECHNIQUE Use o f the ecological profiles technique (Morris & Guillerm, 1974) in South Africa is hindered by the absence o f a table of maximum entropy values. These values are required for the calculation o f sampling equitability o f variables. The shortcoming is remedied by this Note which provides Im ax for values o f K from one to 50 in Table 1 (notation follows Morris & Guillerm, 1974). Thus a variable with five classes, after grouping when necessary, has an Im ax o f 2,322. TABLE 1.— Maximum entropy values corresponding to 50 values of K K Im ax K Im ax 1................ 0,000 16................. 4,000 2................. 1,000 17................. 4,087 3................. 1,585 18................. 4,170 4................. 2,000 19................. 4,248 5................. 2,322 20................. 4,322 6................. 2,585 21 ................. 4,392 7................. 2,807 22................. 4,459 8................. 3,000 23................. 4,524 9................. 3,170 24 ................. 4,585 10................. 3,322 25................. 4,644 11................. 3,459 26................. 4,700 12................. 3,585 27................. 4,755 13................. 3,700 28................. 4.807 14................. 3,807 29................. 4,858 15................. 3,907 30................. 4,907K Im ax K Im ax 31................. 4,954 41................. 5,358 32................. 5,000 42 ................. 5,392 33................. 5,044 43................. 5,426 34................. 5,087 44 ................. 5,459 35................. 5,129 45 ................. 5,492 36................. 5,170 46................. 5,524 37................. 5,209 47................. 5,555 38................. 5,248 48................. 5,585 39................. 5,285 49................. 5,615 40................. 5,322 50................. 5,644 Maximum entropy o f factor L is calculated as: Im ax » L = l0ë2^-"" For values of K greater than 50 the following formula should be used to calculate maximum entropy: Im ax, L= logioK.(logi02) 1 = lo g 10K. 3,3 22 REFERENCE M o r r i s , J. W. & G u i ll e r m , J. L., 1974. The ecological profiles technique applied to data from Lichtenburg, South Africa. Bothalia 11: 355-364. J. W . M o r r is A FIRST ATTEMPT TO MEASURE TEMPERATURES OF FIRE IN FYNBOS Veld fire research is being conducted in Cape mountain fynbos, Acocks’s (1975) Veld Types 69 and 70, to determine the effect o f fire on vegetation and streamffow and to establish how fire should be used in managing catchments. As previous workers (Ken­ worthy, 1963; West, 1965; and Kayll, 1966) have pointed out, one o f the most important things to knowabout fire is its intensity as expressed by its tempera­ ture duration. This may be measured accurately but expensively with thermocouples (Kenworthy, 1963; Kayll, 1966), or indirectly by recording the water loss from blackened metal canisters (Beaufait, 1966). Where inadequate resources preclude duration measurements, temperature measurements alone must " 850 W2762885485.pdf 0 "1 Non-predictive online spatial coding in the posterior parietal cortex when aiming ahead for catching Sinéad A. Reid & Joost C. Dessing* School of Psychology Queen’s University Belfast David Keir Building, 18-30 Malone Road BT9 5BN Belfast Northern Ireland sreid33@qub.ac.uk Tel: 0044- 28-90974558 j.dessing@qub.ac.uk Tel: 0044- 28-90975650 . CC-BY 4.0 International license available under anot certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made The copyright holder for this preprint (which was this version posted October 4, 2017. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/197160doi: bioRxiv preprint" 851 W2791097848.pdf 2 "Sayed Amin Mohamed Amer et al . / American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2018, 14 (1): 61.66 DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2018.61.66 63 Table 1: Sequence variations in cytb gene compared to Andrew s sequence. The variations are listed when they wer e polymorphic (found in more than one individual). The reference stands in bold for Andrews sequence. Numbers on the top indicate nucleotide position in whole mitochondrial genome a nd dots (.) represent matches with the reference se quence. Haplotypes sharing the same nucleotide at a certain position a re listed together Sharing haplotypes 14905 15043 15218 15235 15257 15 262 15301 15326 15431 15452 15466 15607 15674 15677 15679 15784 rCRS G G A A G T G A G C G A T A A T H6, H33, H65 A . . . . . . G . A . G . . . . H11, H15, H53, H54 . A . . . . A G . . . . . . . . H8, H47 . . . G . . . G . . . . . . . . H15, H27, H49 . . . . . . . G A . . . . . . . H26, H32 . . G . . . . G . . . . . . . . H10, H16, H48, . . . . A . . G . A . . . . G . H51, H61, H66 H29, H46 . . . . . C . . . . . . . . . . H1-H3, H5, H8, . . . . . . A G . . . . . . . . H11, H14, H15, H18, H29, H35-H39, H40-H42, H46, H53, H54 H4, H6, H10, H16, . . . . . . . G . A . . . . . . H20-H22, H31, H33, H40, H43-H45, H48, H51, H55-H57, H61-H63, H65- H66 H31, H40, H55, H57, H60 . . . . . . . . . . A . . . . . H24, H25, H28, H60 . . . . . . . G . . . . C . . . H48, H51 . . . . . . . G . A . . . C . . H14, H26, H41, H42 . . . . . . . G . . . . . . . C Table 2: Amino acid changes as a result of 26 nucleotide sub stitutions Reference nucleotide Position in position Substitution Individuals Amino acid the co don Synonymous 14905 G-A H6, H33, H65 Met-met 3 + 14981 A-C H27 Ile-Leu 1 - 15043 G-A H11, H15, H53, H54 Gly-Gly 3 + 15110 G-A H18 Ala-Thr 1 - 15136 C-T H27 Gly-Gly 3 + 15148 G-A H19 Pro-Pro 3 + 15217 G-A H18 Gly-Gly 3 + 15218 A-G H26, H32 Thr-Ala 1 - 15229 T-C H32 Val-Val 3 + 15235 A-G H8, H47 Trp-Trp 3 + 15257 G-A H10, H16, H48, H51, H61, H66 Asp-Asn 1 - 15262 T-C H29, H46 Ser-Ser 3 + 15301 G-A H1-H3, H5, H8, H11, H14, H15, H18, Leu-Le u 3 + H29, H35-H39, H40-H42, H46, H53, H54 15326 A-G all except H19 Thr-Ala 1 - 15358 A-G H5 Gly-Gly 3 + 15388 T-C H29, H46 His-His 3 + 15431 G-A H15, H27, H49 Ala-Thr 1 - 15452 C-A H4, H6, H10, H16, H20-H22, H31, H33, Leu- Ile 1 - H40, H43-H45, H47, H50-H53, H55-H56, H58, H61-H63, H66 15466 G-A H31, H40, H55, H57, H60 Met-met 3 + 15514 T-C H8 Tyr-Tyr 3 + 15607 A-G H6, H33, H65 Lys-Lys 3 + 15674 T-C H24, H25, H28, H60 Ser-Pro 1 - 15677 A-C H48, H51 Gln -Lys 1 - 15679 A-G H10, H16, H48, H51, H61, H66 Lys-Lys 3 + 15746 A-G H13 Ile-Val 1 - 15784 T-C H14, H26, H41, H42 Pro-Pro 3 +" 852 W2794147783.pdf 3 "Meizarini et al Trop J Pharm Res, February 2018; 17(2): 272 was the Santa Cruz Biotechnology Kit (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, USA), while all intra - step dilution and/or washing was performed using phosphate buffer saline (PBS) unless otherwise specified. Statistical analysis The results were analyzed using SPSS ver. 21 (IBM, New York, USA). A one -way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test followed by a least significant difference (LSD) test were applied to assess statistical differences between the study groups at p < 0.05. RESULTS In silico data An in silico study was conducted to quantity the minimum energy of the curcumin, demethoxycurcumin , bisdemethoxycurcumin, eugenol, and diclofenac molecule ligands which were predicted to possess COX -2 inhibiting properties. All steps featured the use of ligands in 3D form. A cavity in the receptor structure (1PXX) was detected, while a diclofenac ligand wa s found in the fifth cavity, where the curcumin, demethoxycurcumin , bisdemethoxycurcumin , eugenol ligand (in 3D form) interacted. The 2D interaction of curcumin with COX -2 receptor resulting in two active methoxy groups, one hydrogen bond (Tyr 355) and 11 steric interactions (Tyr385, Leu384, 2 Val523, 2 Ser353, Val116, Val349, 2 Met113, Leu531) can be seen in Figure 1. The 2D interaction of demethoxycurcumin with the COX -2 receptor produced one active methoxy group, one hydrogen bond (Tyr355) and nine steri c interactions (2 Leu384, Val523, 2 Met113, 2 Val349, 2 Leu531). These can all be seen in Figure 2. The 2D interaction of bisdemethoxycurcumin with COX -2 receptor which produced one hydrogen bond (His90) and 10 steric interactions (2 Val349, 3 Leu531, 2 Val523, Ala516, Phe518, Leu352) can be seen in Figure 3. The 2D interaction of diclofenac with COX -2 receptor had two hydrogen bonds (Tyr385, Ser530) and 4 steric interactions (Tyr385, Ser353, Tyr355, Met522). The 2D interaction of eugenol with the COX -2 rec eptor had only 1 hydrogen bond (Met522) with no steric interaction (Figure 4 ). Figure 1: The 2D form of curcumin interaction with COX -2 receptors contains two active methoxy groups (red arrow), one hydrogen bond (white arrow) and 11 steric interactions (yellow arrow) Figure 2: The 2D form of demethoxycurcumin interaction with COX -2 receptors contains one active methoxy group (red arrow), one hydrogen bond (white arrow) and nine steric interactions (yellow arrow) Figure 3: The 2D form interaction of bisdemethoxycurcumin with COX -2 receptors contains one hydrogen bond (white arrow) and ten steric interactions (yellow arrow) Figure 4: The 2D form of eugenol interaction with COX -two receptors contains one hydrogen bond (white arrow) " 853 W4303182909.pdf 2 "Wu et al. /one.tnum/zero.tnum./three.tnum/three.tnum/eight.tnum/nine.tnum/fnmol./two.tnum/zero.tnum/two.tnum/two.tnum./one.tnum/zero.tnum/five.tnum/one.tnum/three.tnum/three.tnum/five.tnum pain and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, respectively, and provided an analytical method to visualize the trend and frontiers of the above fields. Finally, Yang et al. summarized the research progress of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in the treatment of different central neuropathic pain (CNP)s and described the effects on alleviating CNPs as well as the underlying mechanisms. It is suggested that the future research should gradually carry out large-scale multi center research to verify the stability and reliability of the analgesic effect induced byNIBS. To sum up, this paper on the topic “ Neural Networks and Regulatory Mechanisms Associated with Pain ” expands the mechanistic theories, biomarkers and targeted drugs at the neuralnetworkandmolecularlevelsinthefieldofpain. Author contributions All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it forpublication.Acknowledgments We deeply thank all the authors and reviewers who have participatedinthisResearchTopic. Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could beconstruedasapotentialconflictofinterest. Publisher’s note All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authorsanddonotnecessarilyrepresentthoseoftheiraffiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed orendorsedbythepublisher. References Belinskaia, D. A., Belinskaia, M. A., Barygin, O. I., Vanchako va, N. P., and Shestakova,N.N.(2019).Psychotropicdrugsforthemanagem entofchronicpain anditch.Pharmaceuticals 12:99.doi:10.3390/ph12020099 Caccavale, S., Bove, D., Bove, R. M. (2016). Skin and brain: it ch and psychiatric disorders. G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol . 151, 525–529. Available online at: https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/Ital-J-Dermat ol-Venereol/ article.php?cod=R23Y2016N05A0525 Koch, S. C., Acton, D., and Goulding, M. (2018). Spinal circuits for touch, pain, and itch. Annu. Rev. Physiol . 80, 189–217. doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034303 Malfliet,A.,Coppieters,I.,VanWilgen,P.,Kregel,J.,DePauw,R. ,andDolphens, M., et al. (2017). Brain changes associated with cognitive an d emotional factorsin chronic pain: a systematic review. Eur. J. Pain 21, 769–786. doi: 10.1002/ejp. 1003 Mihailescu-Marin,M.M.,Mosoiu,D.V.,Burtea,V.,Sechel,G., Rogozea,L.M., andCiurescu,D.(2020).CommonpathwaysforpainandDepressio n-Implications forpractice. Am.J.Ther .27,e468–e476.doi:10.1097/MJT.0000000000001235 Najafi, P., Dufor, O., Ben, S. D., Misery, L., and Carre, J. L. ( 2021). Itch processing in the brain. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol . 35, 1058–1066. doi:10.1111/jdv.17029 Roberts,C.A.,Giesbrecht,T.,Stancak,A.,Fallon,N.,Thomas ,A.,andKirkham, T. C. (2019). Where is itch represented in the brain, and how do es it differ from pain?Anactivationlikelihoodestimationmeta-analysisofexpe rimentally-induced itch.J.Invest.Dermatol .139,2245–2248.doi:10.1016/j.jid.2019.04.007 Frontiersin MolecularNeuroscience /zero.tnum/three.tnum frontiersin.org" 854 W3155187697.pdf 2 "Page 3/17Stimulation with ChemS157 led to rapid recruitment of arrestin3 to the receptor, reaching its maximum within two minutes as monitored by a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay (Fig. 2a). Fluorescence microscopy showed that GPR1 recruits mCherry-labeled arrestin3 to the membrane upon stimulation with 1 µM ChemS157. However, GPR1 internalizes without arrestin3, leaving Arr3-mCherry at the membrane (Fig. 2b). To further characterize the activation of GPR1 by chemerin, we tested the effect of truncations of the ligand on arrestin3-recruitment in a BRET assay. Recombinantly expressed ChemS157 displayed a low nanomolar activity (EC50 = 2.1 nM). The same activity was observed for recombinantly expressed ChemF156 (EC50 = 2.6 nM). Next, we synthesized two peptides derived from the C-termini of ChemS157 and ChemF156, Chem139-157 and Chem139-156. These peptides displayed the same activities as the full-length proteins with EC50 values of 3.1 nM and 2.9 nM, respectively. Further truncating the peptide to yield Chem149-157 (chemerin-9) and Chem149-156 had no negative impact on activity. However, further N-terminal truncations resulted in a loss of activity: Chem150- 157 was tenfold less active than the full-length protein, while Chem151-157 was completely devoid of activity at concentrations up to 1 µM. Similarly, removal of the C-terminal Phe156 resulted in a complete loss of activity; Chem149-155 (chemerin-7) did not reach full receptor activation at concentrations of up to 1 µM. Two scrambled chemerin-9 peptides (scrC9 and scr2C9) failed to induce arrestin3-recruitment at concentrations of up to 10 µM. Table 1 displays an overview of all EC50 values. Table 1: Activity of chemerin and derived proteins and peptides at the GPR1 in a BRET-based arrestin3-recruitment assay. Nonlinear regression was performed in GraphPad Prism 5, with mean values from at least two independent experiments performed in quadruplicates. Peptide Sequence EC50 / nM pEC50 ± SEM Emax ChemS157 21-157 2.1 8.68 ± 0.14 103 ± 8 ChemF156 21-156 2.6 8.57 ± 0.16 106 ± 9 Chem139-157 QRAGEDPHSFYFPGQFAFS 3.1 8.51 ± 0.14 94 ± 7 Chem139-156 QRAGEDPHSFYFPGQFAF 2.9 8.53 ± 0.17 99 ± 9 Chem149-157 (=chemerin-9)YFPGQFAFS 1.9 8.76 ± 0.09 101 ± 4 Chem150-157 FPGQFAFS 22 7.65 ± 0.16 87 ± 8 Chem151-157 PGQFAFS >1,000 <6 n.d. Chem149-156 YFPGQFAF_ 4.0 8.40 ± 0.34 110 ± 16 Chem149-155 (chemerin-7)YFPGQFA__ >1,000 <6 n.d. scrC9 GYFPFQASF >1,000 <6 n.d. scr2C9 QFYSFFPAG >1,000 <6 n.d. [L8] chemerin-9YFPGQFALS 1.4 8.86 ±0.19 125 ± 12 3.2       Identi" 855 W2597420489.pdf 1 "increase in Cdc25A protein in A β-treated cortical neuron cultures. Thus, our study favours a mechanism in which A β elevates Cdc25A expression via FoxO-miR21 signalling andour data clearly identify Cdc25A as a required player in Aβ-induced neuron death. In summary, our study reveals that Cdc25A is elevated, activated and has an essential role in neuronal cell death evoked by apoptotic stimuli relevant to normal development and to AD. Because Cdc25A is an inhibitable enzyme, our studyidentifies Cdc25A as a potential target to block pathologicneuron degeneration and death in AD and other pathologies in which the neuronal apoptotic cell cycle pathway is activated. In support of this idea, a selective Cdc25A inhibitor has beenshown to be effective in several non-neuronal experimental disease models and without reported toxicity. 14 Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no conflict of interest. 1. Greene LA et al. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1772 : 392 –401. 2. Biswas SC et al. J Neurosci 2005; 25: 8349 –8358. 3. Biswas SC et al. J Biol Chem 2007; 282: 29368 –29374.4. Biswas SC et al. J Neurosci 2007; 27: 893 –900. 5. Aressy B et al. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2008; 8: 818 –824. 6. Chatterjee N et al. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2: 16083. 7. Lee HK et al. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20: 1533 –1544. 8. Sanphui P et al. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4: e625. 9. Zareen N et al. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20: 1719 –1730. 10. Brunet A et al. Cell 1999; 96: 857 –8681999. 11. Zhang Y et al. J Neurosci 2006; 26: 8819 –8828. 12. Ding XL et al. Am J Pathol 2000; 157: 1983 –1990. 13. Kruman II et al. Neuron 2004; 41: 549 –561. 14. Kar S et al. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5: 1511 –1519. Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group . This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article areincluded in the article ’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission fromthe license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ rThe Author(s) 2017 E2FHealthy Condition FoxO3aP FoxO3aP Phosphorylated (Cytoplasmic)FoxO3a FoxO3aPFoxO3aFoxO3a Dephosphorylated (Nuclear) miR21 Transcribed Cdc25ALow levels Low activity Cdk4PPPhosphorylated Inactive RBRepression of Apoptotic genesmiR21Repressed Cdc25AInduced Active Cdk4 Dephosphorylated Active E2FRB BimP Caspase activationAβ AktPAkt Myb MybE2F-Rb complex dissociates, apoptotic genes de- repressed Figure 1 Scheme depicting a molecular pathway by which Cdc25A is induced/activated and promotes neuron death in disease and development. In healthy cells, Ak t phosphorylates FoxO transcription factors and retains them in the cytosol. miR-21, a microRNA that suppresses Cdc25A expression and that is negativ ely regulated by FoxO3a, remains elevated in the nucleus to block the apoptotic cell cycle pathway. A βtreatment and NGF deprivation inhibit neuronal Akt signalling. When Akt signalling is suppressed, FoxO proteins are activated and translocate to the nucleus. FoxO3a downregulates miR-21 and thereby upregulates Cdc25A. Elevated and activated Cdc 25A leads to Cdk4 activation and subsequent Rb phosphorylation, expression of E2F-responsive genes such as B- and C-myb, induction of Bim, caspase activation and neu ron deathNews and Commentary 2 Cell Death and Disease" 856 W2070526140.pdf 5 "Rev Assoc Med Bras 2006; 52(6): 441-6 446ROCHA ATC ET AL. apenas a minoria dos pacientes clínicos hospitalizados e candidatos a profilaxia recebem prescrição adequada. Um programa educacional, emnível nacional, com recomendações sobre profilaxia a fim de aproximara evidência da prática clínica é extremamente desejável. Conflito de interesse: A primeira autora (ATCR) é consultora da Sanofi-Aventis. SUMMARY INADEQUACY OF T HROMBOPROPHYLAXIS IN H OSPITALIZED MEDICAL PATIENTS BACKGROUND . The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is high in hospitalized patients, however it can be reduced by adequate prophylaxis. OBJECTIVE . To evaluate the adequacy of VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients. METHODS . A cross-sectional study was performed in hospitalized patients with acute medical illnesses in 4 hospitals of Salvador. RESULTS . We evaluated 226 consecutive patients: 15.5% in medical ICU, 79% ≥ 40 years of age and 48% male. The majority (97%) had a least 1 risk factor (RF) for VTE, 79% had reduced mobility and 62% were diagnosed as having a RF at admission. Of the 208 prophylaxis candidates, 54% received some form of prophylaxis: unfractionated heparin (UFH) in 44%, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in 56% and mechanical methods in 2 patients. The utilization rate was similar in private and public hospitals. (51% vs. 49%), but LMWH was more common in private hospitals, without a residence program (97%), and UFH in the public ones (86%). LMWH was more frequently used than UFH in patients ≥ 40 years of age, more often in Caucasian than in Black patients, and less frequently in those with contraindications for heparin. Of the 112 patients receiving prophylaxis, 63% received adequate dosages: LMWH in 95.2% and UFH in 20.4%. VTE prophylaxis was adequate in only 33.6% (70/208) of the patients. CONCLUSION . Risk Factors for VTE were frequent in medical patients. There was considerable variability of the VTE prophylaxis prescribed in private and public hospitals. LMWH was used more appropriately than UFH. 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A RARE CASE OF KERATOAKONTOMA //Thematics Journal of Education. – 2022. – Т. 7. – №. 3. 16. РУСТАМОВ М. И. и др. Современная тактика лечения острого парапроктита //Журнал биомедицины и практики. – 2022. – Т. 7. – №. 2. 17. Ismailov S. I. et al. Predicto rs of postoperative complications in patients with ventral hernia //Khirurgiia. – 2022. – №. 1. – С. 56 -60. 18. Dusiyarov M.M., Eshonxodjaev J.D., Xujabaev S.T., Sherkulov K.U., & Rustamov I.M. (2021). Estimation of the efficiency of antisseal coating on the m odel of lung wound in experiment. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science , 1(4), 1 -6. https://doi.org/10.47494/cajmns.v1i4.57 ." 859 W4391536688.pdf 3 " Hal. 142 dimaksudkan agar auditor dapat memberikan kepercayaan kepada klien terhadap aktivitasnya (IAI2001). Selain itu (IAI: 2001), auditor pada prinsipnya harus menggunakan pertimbangan lebih dari satu pertimbangan rasional berdasarkan pemahamannya terhadap penerapan etika y ang berlaku dan mengambil keputusan yang adil, oleh karena itu diperlukan pelayanan yang independen dan profesional menilai secara obyektif kebenaran dan alasan laporan keuangan yang disajikan oleh manajemen Kebutuhan akan perilaku profesional dalam profe si apapun adalah kebutuhan akan kepercayaan masyarakat kualitas layanan yang diberikan oleh profesi, terlepas dari layanan mana yang diberikan secara terpisah. (Hildayani, 2008) Di Indonesia, fenomena lemahnya kualitas audit termanifestasi saat Menteri Keuangan Sri Mulyani Indrawati membekukan izin akuntan publik Kasner Sirumapea selama 12 bulan dan memberikan sanksi administratif pada KAP Tanubrata, Sutanto, Fahmi, Bambang & Rekan yang mengaud it laporan keuangan PT Garuda Indonesia Tbk per 31 Desember 2018. Auditor tersebut belum sepenuhnya mematuhi Standar Audit (SA) dan kurang menerapkan sistem pengendalian mutu optimal terkait konsultasi dengan pihak eksternal, yang menyebabkan kurangnya sik ap independensi, integritas, dan kompetensi, merugikan kualitas audit. (Muslim et al., 2020) Hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah etika auditor yang harus tunduk pada ketentuan yang ditetapkan oleh Institut Akuntan Publik Indonesia (IAPI). Kode etik IAPI menetapkan lima prinsip dasar yang harus diikuti oleh seorang au ditor. Ini melibatkan integritas, di mana auditor diharapkan bersikap jujur dan tidak berbelit -belit; objektivitas, dengan menekankan ketidakpemilihan antara profesionalitas dan bisnis; kompetensi, yang menuntut tingkat profesionalisme untuk layanan yang k ompeten; kehati -hatian profesional, yang mengamanatkan penerapan standar dengan sungguh - sungguh; kerahasiaan, di mana auditor diwajibkan menjaga informasi rahasia; dan perilaku profesional, yang mengharuskan auditor mematuhi aturan hukum dan menjaga perila ku yang mendukung profesionalitas. (Suhariadi Dwi, 2022) KAJIAN LITERATUR Etika profes i seorang akuntan Profesi merupakan suatu pekerjaan yang memerlukan pengalaman, pendidikan dan keterampilan yang mendalam me miliki pengetahuan khusus. Suat u profesi dapat disebut profesi apabila mempunyai sertifikat dan lisensi yang bisa menjadi pertimbangan dalam pekerjaan Anda, yang membutuhkan proses jangka panjan g untuk waktu yang lama bisa disebut profesi. Seseorang yang mempunyai pekerjaan tertentu, misalnya suatu pro fesi akuntan disebut profesional (Widaningsih, 2017). Namun, etika berasal dari kata Yunani “Ethos” atau (jamak -ta etha), yaitu cara yang etis. Etika erat kaitannya dengan nilai -nilai dan budaya adat istiadat tertentu yang dianu t diwariskan . Etika merupak an ilmu yang pada hakikatnya mempunyai nilai baikdan buruk suatu perbuatan seseorang dan mempunyai kewajiban moral (moralitas) yang diyakini seseorang kelompok, diri sendiri atau masyarakat (Kusumaningtyas dan Solikah, 2016). Singkatnya, dapat disimpulkan bahwa etika profesional seharusnya menjadi aturan bersama menghubungkan secara normal antara hubungan antarmanusia dan mempunyai nilai -nilai normatif dalam bentuk aturan etika profesi. Kode etik ini dapat mengatur hubungan antar pelanggan auditor, rekan profesional dan auditor, masyarakat dan auditor (Rinaldy et al. 2020). Kode etik diatur Dalam SPAP (Standar Profesi Akuntan Publik) yang bertujuan untuk mengatur etika wajib memenuhi kewajibannya kepada auditor untuk melaksanakan pekerjaannya secara efe ktif dengan keterampilan profesional. (Susilawati et al., 2022) Menurut Soekrisna Agoes (20 16), jabatan adalah konsep kerj a hal-hal mulia yang" 860 W4392254516.pdf 7 "533 https://yashil-iqtisodiyot-taraqqiyot.uz MUNDARIJA СОДЕРЖАНИЕ CONTENTSYASHIL IQTISODIYOT VA TARAQQIYOT 2023-yil, dekabr . Maxsus son.Modern Trend s in the Development of Tourism and the Experience of Foreign Countries in the Application of Smart Innovations in Personnel Training ...................................................... 62 Iskandarova Nargiza Mashrabjonovna The Main Role of Smart – Tourism in Modern XXI Century Uzbekistan as an Example ................................................... 65 Narzullayeva Fariza Akmalevna, Saydaliyeva Feruza Bakhtiyorovna How Does Smart Tourism Support Sustainable Tourism Development: the Case of Uzbekistan ................................ 67 Khusniddin Egamnazarov Appearances, Classification and Application of Smart Tourism ................................................................................................. 70 Akhmadjanova Mukhtasarkhan Anvar qizi, Sharifboyeva Fazilatxon Odilbek qizi, Dadamirzayev Sarvarbek Ulugʻbek oʻgʻli Фарғона водийсининг қишлоқ аҳоли пунктларида агротуризмни ривожлантиришнинг стратегик режасини ва смарт-технология концепциясини ишлаб чиқиш бўйича услубий ёндашувлар ........................ 74 Жумабаева Дилафруз Тожидиновна Butun jahon Smart-turizmi bozorining rivojlanish xususiyatlari .............................................................................................. 78 Ravshanov To‘yli Gulmurodovich Основные тенденции развития смарт туризма в условиях цифровой экономики в Республике Узбекистан ........................................................................................................................ 81 Салиева Екатерина Сергеевна Развитие Смарт-туризма в Узбекистане на основе современных принципов и использования зарубежного опыта ..................................................................................................................... 84 Ахмеджанова Ирада Усмановна, Халилова Нодира Абдухамид қизи Будущая роль Смарт-туризма на мировом туристическом рынке .................................................................................. 88 Уралова Матлюба Ахроровна Проблемы и перспективы развития Smart-туризма в Узбекистане ............................................................................... 95 Очилова Хилола Фармоновна, Раимова Севара Ойбековна Перспективы развития Смарт-туризма в Республике Узбекистан на основе современных технологий и использования зарубежного опыта .............................................................. 102 Рустамов Аброр Равшан угли Перспективы развития зелёного cмарт туризма в Республики Узбекистан ............................................................. 106 Расулова Нигора Юсуповна Перспективы развития смарт туризма в Узбекистане на основе современных принципов ........................... 110 Рахимова Дилфуза Мирзакасимовна Перспективные направления развития смарт туризма в Узбекистане ....................................................................... 113 Гузал Шеровна Хонкелдиева Развитие культурного Смарт-туризма в Узбекистане, с использованием опыта зарубежной компании «POLYMEDIA» ....................................................................................... 116 Караваева Алёна Викторовна Turistik xizmatlar bozorini shakllantirishning rekreatsion dinamikasi ................................................................................. 118 Bahrieva Zarina Nasimovna 2-ШУЪБА SMART-ТУРИЗМНИ ТАШКИЛ ЭТИШНИНГ АСОСИЙ ХУСУСИЯТЛАРИ Main Features of Smart Tourism Organization .................................................................................................................................. 121 Narzullaeva Umidakhon The Role Smart-City Infrastructure in the Tourism and Architecture ..................................................................................... 124 Mukhlisa Akromova Saydimukhtor qizi The Main Components of the Development of “Smart” Tourism in the Region .................................................................. 130 Agzamova Nargiza Gapurovna" 861 W2324622141.pdf 2 "Costantini Oxidative Stress and Reproduction Novikov, E., Kondratyuk, E., Petrovski, D., Titova, T., Zadub rovskaya, I., Zadubrovskiy,P.,etal.(2015).Reproduction,agingandmortality rateinsocial subterranean mole voles ( Ellobius talpinus Pall.).Biogerontology 16, 723–732. doi:10.1007/s10522-015-9592-x Palmer, C. (2010). Animal Ethics in Context . New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Quillfeldt,P.(2002).Seasonalandannualvariationinthediet ofbreedingandnon- breedingWilson’sstorm-petrelsonKingGeorgeIsland,SouthShetlan dIslands. Pol.Biol. 25,216–221.doi:10.1007/s00300-001-0332-0 Riou,S.,Chastel,O.,Lacroix,A.,andHamer,K.C.(2010).Stres sandparentalcare: prolactinresponsestoacutestressthroughoutthebreedingcycleina long-lived bird.Gen.Comp.Endocrinol. 168,8–13.doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.03.011 Selva, N., Cortés-Avizanda, A., Lemus, J. A., Blanco, G., Mueller, T., Heinrich, B., et al. (2011). Stress associated with group living in a long-lived b ird.Biol. Lett. 7,608–610.doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.1204Speakman, J. R., and Garratt, M. (2014). Oxidative stress as a cost of reproduction:beyondthesimplistictrade-offmodel. Bioessays 36,93–106.doi: 10.1002/bies.201300108 Conflict of Interest Statement: The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relations hips that could beconstruedasapotentialconflictofinterest. Copyright © 2016 Costantini. This is an open-access article dist ributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY ). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, p rovided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original pub lication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic prac tice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not co mply with these terms. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution | www.frontiersin.org 3 February 2016 | Volume 4 | Article 10" 862 W4391819200.pdf 0 "Frontiers in Medicine 01 frontiersin.org Case report: Treatment of Wilson’s disease by human amniotic fluid administration Libin Liang 1, Hong Xin 2, Xueyan Shen 3, Yanping Xu 1, Lansen Zhang 1, Dehui Liu 1, Liling Zhao 1 and Xinglong Tong 1* 1 Qiaoxi Tong Xinglong Western Medical Clinic, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China, 2 Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China, 3 Department of Obstetrics, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Background: Wilson’s disease (WD) is not an uncommon genetic disease in clinical practice. However, the current WD therapies have limitations. The effectiveness of stem cell therapy in treating WD has yet to be verified, although a few animal studies have shown that stem cell transplantation could partially correct the abnormal metabolic phenotype of WD. In this case report, we present the therapeutic effect of human amniotic fluid containing stem cells in one WD patient. Case presentation: A 22-year-old Chinese woman was diagnosed with WD 1  year ago in 2019. The available drugs were not effective in managing the progressive neuropsychiatric symptoms. We  treated the patient with pre- cultured human amniotic fluid containing stem cells. Amniotic fluid was collected from pregnant women who underwent induced labor at a gestational age of 19–26  weeks, and then, the fluid was cultured for 2  h to allow stem cell expansion. Cultured amniotic fluid that contained amniotic fluid derived stem cells (AFSC) in the range of approximately 2.8–5.5  ×  104/ml was administrated by IV infusion at a rate of 50–70 drops per minute after filtration with a 300- mu nylon mesh. Before the infusion of amniotic fluid, low-molecular-weight heparin and dexamethasone were successively administrated. The patient received a total of 12 applications of amniotic fluid from different pregnant women, and the treatment interval depended on the availability of amniotic fluid. The neuropsychiatric symptoms gradually improved after the stem cell treatment. Dystonia, which included tremor, chorea, dysphagia, dysarthria, and drooling, almost disappeared after 1.5  years of follow-up. The Unified Wilson’s Disease Rating Scale score of the patient decreased from 72 to 10. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a reduction in the lesion area and alleviation of damage in the central nervous system, along with a partial recovery of the lesion to the normal condition. The serum ceruloplasmin level was elevated from undetectable to 30.8  mg/L, and the 24-h urinary copper excretion decreased from 171 to 37  μg. In addition, amniotic fluid transplantation also alleviates hematopoietic disorders. There were no adverse reactions during or after amniotic fluid administration. Conclusion: Amniotic fluid administration, through which stem cells were infused, significantly improves the clinical outcomes in the WD patient, and the finding may provide a novel approach for managing WD effectively. KEYWORDS Wilson’s disease, amniotic fluid, stem cell, neuropsychiatric symptoms, case reportOPEN ACCESS EDITED BY Ian James Martins, University of Western Australia, Australia REVIEWED BY Tomasz Litwin, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (IPiN), Poland Segundo Mariz, European Medicines Agency, Netherlands *CORRESPONDENCE Xinglong Tong xinglongtong@hotmail.com RECEIVED 20 September 2023 ACCEPTED 24 January 2024 PUBLISHED 14 February 2024 CITATION Liang L, Xin H, Shen X, Xu Y, Zhang L, Liu D, Zhao L and Tong X (2024) Case report: Treatment of Wilson’s disease by human amniotic fluid administration. Front. Med. 11:1297457. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1297457 COPYRIGHT © 2024 Liang, Xin, Shen, Xu, Zhang, Liu, Zhao and Tong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.TYPE Case Report PUBLISHED 14 February 2024 DOI 10.3389/fmed.2024.1297457" 863 W4232694441.pdf 0 "Open Peer Review on Qeios Open Peer Review on Qeios Unresectable Synovial Sarcoma National Cancer Institute Source National Cancer Institute. Unresectable Synovial Sarcoma . NCI Thesaurus. Code C153074. Synovial sarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection. Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020 Qeios ID: 4M2J2F · https://doi.org/10.32388/4M2J2F 1 / 1" 864 W4232748661.pdf 0 "Open Peer Review on Qeios Open Peer Review on Qeios Protein Hormone Receptor National Cancer Institute Source National Cancer Institute. Protein Hormone Receptor . NCI Thesaurus. Code C18968. Typically associated with the cell membrane, Protein Hormone Receptors selectively bind with high affinity to genetically-encoded polymerized amino acids in peptide linkage that have regulatory effects on the activity of specific target cells. A ligand-induced conformational and functional change in the receptor alters its interaction with target molecules, leading to changes in cellular physiology through modification of the activity of signal transduction pathways. Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020 Qeios ID: H4PKQ5 · https://doi.org/10.32388/H4PKQ5 1 / 1" 865 W2070214024.pdf 0 "POSTER PRESENTATION Open Access Murine FLT3 ligand-derived dendritic cell-mediated early immune responses are critical to controllingcell-free human T cell leukemia virus type 1infection Saifur Rahman, Zafar K Khan, Brian Wigdahl, Stephen Jennings, Frederic Tangy, Pooja Jain* From 16th International Conference on Human Retroviruses: HTLV and Related Viruses Montreal, Canada. 26-30 June 2013 Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is asso- ciated with two immunologi cally distinct diseases: HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic parapar- esis and adult T cell leukemia. We observed previously that depletion of dendritic cells (DCs) in CD11c-diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice followed by infection withcell-free virus led to greater proviral and Tax mRNA loadsand diminished cellular immune response compared withmice infected with cell-associated virus. To understandthe significance of these in vivo results and explore thehost-pathogen interaction between DCs and cell-freeHTLV-1, we used FLT3 ligand-cultured mouse bone mar- row-derived DCs (FL-DCs) and chimeric HTLV-1. Pheno- typically, the FL-DCs upregulated expression of surfacemarkers (CD80, CD86, and MHC class II) on infection,however, the level of MHC class I remained unchanged.We performed kinetic studies to understand viral entry,proviral integration, and exp ression of the viral protein Tax. Multiplex cytokine profiling revealed production ofan array of proinflammatory cytokines and type 1 IFN (IFN- a) by FL-DCs treated with virus. Virus-matured FL- DCs stimulated proliferation of autologous CD3(+) T cells as shown by intracellular nuclear Ki67 staining andproduced IFN- gwhen cultured with infected FL-DCs. Gene expression studies using type 1 IFN-specificand DC-specific arrays revealed upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes, most cytokines, and transcription fac-tors, but a distinct downregulation of many chemokines. Overall, these results highlight the critical early responsesgenerated by FL-DCs on challenge with cell-free chimeric HTLV-1. Published: 7 January 2014 doi:10.1186/1742-4690-11-S1-P70 Cite this article as: Rahman et al .:Murine FLT3 ligand-derived dendritic cell-mediated early immune responses are critical to controlling cell-free human T cell leukemia virus type 1 infection. Retrovirology 2014 11(Suppl 1): P70. Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient online submission • Thorough peer review• No space constraints or color figure charges• Immediate publication on acceptance• Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar• Research which is freely available for redistribution Submit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral.com/submitDrexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USARahman et al .Retrovirology 2014, 11(Suppl 1):P70 http://www.retrovirology.com/content/11/S1/P70 © 2014 Rahman et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated." 866 W2903685299.pdf 15 "Remote Sens. 2018 ,10, 2022 16 of 21 upon model-parameter recalibration. Generally, the recalibration of the model parameters effectively improved the hydrological potential of satellite precipitation, especially for precipitation products with small errors; however, this recalibration approach should be taken with a grain of salt because it may result in unrealistic parameter values in some cases [80,81]. Table 6. Comparison of daily and monthly observed and simulated streamflow when the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model was forced by the gauge- and satellite-based precipitation datasets in 2015. Time ScalesPrecipitation ProductsBenchmarking Calibration Product-Specific Calibration NSE RB (%) RMSE (m3/s) NSE RB (%) RMSE (m3/s) Daily CGDPA 0.41 26.39 274.05 0.63 0.55 217.11 IMERG-UC " 867 W4210576438.pdf 12 "© Italiano LinguaDue 2. 2021. D. Della Pietra, Gli italianismi enogastronomici recenti nella lingua inglese: un’analisi sui corpora 389 EnTenTen15 NYTC BBCGF Pomodoro 1.593 7 9 Porchetta 481 8 7 Porcino 118 143 16 Prosciutto crudo 62 - - Prosecco 3.425 13 50 Puttanesca 279 15 16 Ribollita 157 9 - Rinfresco 6 - - Ristretto 29 1 - Robiola 88 2 - Rondinella 216 - - Rosticceria 30 - - Scamorza 110 - - Vongole 154 4 5 Zampone 44 - - Analizzando il numero di occorrenze è possibile notare come i lessemi compaiano più spesso nel corpus EnTenTen15 , vista la grandezza di quest’ultimo rispetto agli altri due . Tuttavia, vi sono alcuni dati numerici da prendere in considerazione. Nel corpus appena citato gli italianismi che registrano più occorrenze e un numero superiore alle 3.000 sono: latte, barista , gelato, Bellini , calamari e prosecco ; i quali tuttavia non hanno una presenza così ricorrente nei corpora dei d ue enti di informazione. Ad eccezione dell’italianismo calamari il quale presenta ben 69 occorrenze per quanto concerne il NYTC e 10 nel BBCGF . Analogamente a calamari , vi sono alcuni lessemi che , in proporzione, risultano più presenti negli altri corpora : è il caso di porcino , biscotto oppure cannellini . Osservando gli italianismi che occorrono di più nel NYTC si evince come i termini più ricorrenti siano: calzone (228), Parmigiano -Reggiano (228), crostini (188), porcino (143), penne (144) e cannellini (109). Per quanto riguarda il corpus ricavato da BBCGF il termine che registra più presenze è carbonara (75), seguito da frittata (71), cannellini (68) e penne (58). Mettendo a confronto i risultati delle occorrenze dei corpora dei due enti di informazione è possibile constatare come il numero delle occorrenze nel NYTC sia numericamente superiore al BBCGF. Eppure, in alcuni italianismi tale tendenza non sussiste come accade con carbonara che registra 75 occorrenze contro le 17 del New York Times Cooking, amaretto (56-46) o Prosecco che appare 50 volte nel corpus britannico rispetto alle 13 del NYTC. Quest’ultimo dato è giustificato dalla condizione che il lessema vanta nell’inglese britannico, ovvero di proprietary name come testimoniato anche dall’ Oxford English Dictionary . " 868 W4244504558.pdf 0 ©1921 Nature Publishing Group 869 W4384557681.pdf 1 "Molecules 2023 ,28, 5424 2 of 14 Later work in the same group showed that the use of palladium complexes with phenanthro- line ligands can also be employed for this aim, although the reaction was only performed on one specific substrate [ 20]. In the absence of phenanthroline, the reaction rate and selectivity were low [ 21]. Note that this is one of the few cyclization reactions of nitroarenes affording a 6-membered ring [ 10]. The large majority of these reactions afford 5-membered N-heterocycles. Despite the intrinsic advantages of this strategy, the need to employ pressurized CO and autoclaves has strongly limited its use by other groups. This problem is common to other carbonylation reactions, and in recent years several solid or liquid substances have been developed, so-called CO surrogates, which can liberate CO under the reaction condi- tions. This also allows the reaction to be performed in a thick-walled glass reactor [ 22–34]. In our group, we have developed the use of phenyl formate as a CO surrogate for the synthesis of several heterocycles [ 35–40]. During these studies, a single example of cycliza- tion of 20-nitro-4-methoxychalcone to the corresponding 4-quinolone in a 67% yield was reported, but this specific reaction was not investigated any further [ 38,39]. Very recently, we were able to also employ the HCOOH/Ac 2O mixture for this aim, thus eliminating the problem of the formation of phenol as a coproduct, whose complete separation was problematic in some cases [ 41]. The use of this mixture also improves the atom efficiency of the reaction, since phenyl formate is itself synthesized by the reaction of phenol with the HCOOH/Ac 2O mixture, although the use of gaseous CO is clearly unbeatable from this point of view. The catalyst employed in the present work is a complex of palladium with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) as a ligand, which is formed in situ. These complexes were shown to be the most active and robust catalysts for reactions involving a reduction of nitroarenes, not only in the field of cyclization reactions [ 42–46] but also when the syn- thesis of base chemicals, such as carbamates and ureas [ 47–52] is involved, where very high turnover numbers are required to make the catalyst economically interesting. By employing this catalytic system together with the HCOOH/Ac 2O mixture, we were able to convert a series of 20-nitrochalcones ( 1) into the corresponding 4-quinolones ( 2) in high yields, with acetic acid and CO 2as the only stoichiometric byproducts. Moreover, the use of both pressurized CO and an autoclave is avoided, since the reaction can be performed in a thick-walled glass tube, a kind of apparatus that is cheap and commercially available in many sizes (Scheme 1). Molecules 2023 , 28, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 15 syntheses [19]. Later work in the same group showed that the use of palladium complexes with phenanthroline ligands can also be employed for this aim, although the reaction was only performed on one speci fic substrate [20]. In the absence of phenanthroline, the reaction rate and selectivity were low [21]. Note that this is one of the few cyclization reactions of nitroarenes a ffording a 6-membered ring [10]. The large majority of these reactions a fford 5-membered N-heterocycles. Despite the intrinsic advantages of this st rategy, the need to employ pressurized CO and autoclaves has strongly limited its use by other groups. This problem is common to other carbonylation reactions, and in recent ye ars several solid or liquid substances have been developed, so-called CO surrogates, which can liberate CO under the reaction conditions. This also allows the reaction to be performed in a thick-walled glass reactor [22–34]. In our group, we have developed the use of phenyl formate as a CO surrogate for the synthesis of several heterocycles [35–40]. During these studies, a single example of cyclization of 2 ′-nitro-4-methoxychalcone to the corresponding 4-quinolone in a 67% yield was reported, but this speci fic reaction was not investigated any further [38,39]. Very r e c e n t l y , w e w e r e a b l e t o a l s o e m p l o y t h e H C O O H / A c 2O mixture for this aim, thus eliminating the problem of the formation of phenol as a coproduct, whose complete separation was problematic in some cases [41] . The use of this mixture also improves the atom efficiency of the reaction, since phenyl format e is itself synthesized by the reaction of phenol with the HCOOH/Ac 2O mixture, although the use of gaseous CO is clearly unbeatable from this point of view. The catalyst employed in the present wo rk is a complex of palladium with 1,10- phenanthroline (Phen) as a ligand, which is formed in situ. These complexes were shown to be the most active and robust catalysts for reactions involving a reduction of nitroarenes, not only in the field of cyclization reactions [42–46] but also when the synthesis of base chemicals, such as carbamat es and ureas [47–52] is involved, where very high turnover numbers are required to make the catalyst economically interesting. By employing this catalytic system together with the HCOOH/Ac 2O mixture, we were able to convert a series of 2 ′-nitrochalcones ( 1) into the corresponding 4-quinolones ( 2) in high yields, with acetic acid and CO 2 as the only stoichiometric byproducts. Moreover, the use of both pressurized CO and an autoclave is avoided, since the reaction can be performed in a thick-walled glass tube, a kind of apparatus that is cheap and commercially available in many sizes (Scheme 1). Scheme 1. Previous and present work. 2. Results and Discussion 2.1. Optimization of the Reaction Conditions As mentioned in the introduction, recently, some of us reported that phenyl formate can be used e ffe c t i v e l y a s a c a r b o n m o n o x i d e s o u r c e i n t h e c y c l i z a t i o n o f 2 ′-nitro-4- methoxychalcone to the corresponding 4-qu inolone [38,39]. The same unoptimized reaction conditions allowed the isolation of 2-phenylquinolin-4(1 H)-one ( 2a) in a 78% yield. Despite the satisfactory results, we directed our e ffort toward the optimization of a catalytic reaction in which the HCOOH/Ac 2O mixture acts as the CO source for the reasons mentioned in the Introduction. As a first attempt, the reaction conditions prev iously optimized for the reductive cyclization of o-nitrostyrenes were employed. The result was encouraging though not Scheme 1. Previous and present work. 2. Results and Discussion 2.1. Optimization of the Reaction Conditions As mentioned in the introduction, recently, some of us reported that phenyl for- mate can be used effectively as a carbon monoxide source in the cyclization of 20-nitro-4- methoxychalcone to the corresponding 4-quinolone [ 38,39]. The same unoptimized reaction conditions allowed the isolation of 2-phenylquinolin-4(1 H)-one ( 2a) in a 78% yield. Despite the satisfactory results, we directed our effort toward the optimization of a catalytic reaction in which the HCOOH/Ac 2O mixture acts as the CO source for the reasons mentioned in the Introduction. As a first attempt, the reaction conditions previously optimized for the reductive cyclization of o-nitrostyrenes were employed. The result was encouraging though not good (entry 1, Table 1); full conversion was reached but with a low 2ayield (51%). A higher selectivity was obtained using acetonitrile as the solvent at the same temperature (140C)" 870 W4383899762.pdf 16 "292 Revista Direitos, trabalho e política social, CUIABÁ, V. 9, n. 16, p . 276-294 Jan./jun. 2023lítica em foco . n. 64, 2018. Disponível em: https://repositorio. ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/8385/1/bmt_64_pol%C3%ADtica.pdf Acesso em: 20 abr. 2023. BRASIL. [Decreto-lei no 2.848 (1940)]. Código Penal. Organiza - do por Jair Lot Vieira. São Paulo: Edipro, 2023. BRASIL. Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil: de 5 de Outubro de 1988. 54. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2022. BRASIL. Lei nº 10.803, de 11 de dezembro de 2003. Altera o art. 149 do Decreto-Lei no 2.848, de 7 de dezembro de 1940 - Código Penal, para estabelecer penas ao crime nele tipificado e indicar as hipóteses em que se configura condição análoga à de escravo. Diá- rio Oficial da União , Brasília, 2003. BRITO FILHO, José Claudio Monteiro. Trabalho decente: análise jurídica da exploração do trabalho – trabalho escravo e outras for - mas de trabalho indigno. 5. ed. São Paulo: LTr, 2018. BRITO FILHO, José Claudio Monteiro de. Trabalho Escravo: caracterização Jurídica dos Modos Típicos e Execução. Revista Hendu, Belém, v .4, n. 1, p. 41-56, 2014. Disponível em: https:// periodicos.ufpa.br/index.php/hendu/article/view/1714/2135 Acesso em: 17 abr.2023. CHIZZOTTI, Antônio. Pesquisa qualitativa em ciências huma- nas e sociais. 6. ed. São Paulo: V ozes, 2014. COMPARATO, Fabio Konder. A afirmação histórica dos direitos humanos. 10. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2019. DALLARI, Dalmo de Abreu. Boletim de Associação Juízes para a Democracia , n. 15, ano 15, 1998." 871 W1683451372.pdf 5 "349 conhecimento científico, formando uma maneira própria e nova no processo ensino-aprendizagem (Lápis-Lazúli 3). As falas acima retratam uma visão de Tecnologia Educacional restrita à educação formal. No entanto, é importante ter o claro entendimento deque esse tipo de tecnologia pode e deve ser utilizado em todo e qualquer espaço educativo, formal e informal, dentro e fora da assistência de enfermagem.A tecnologia tem eliminado progressivamente as barreiras físicas e temporais, facilitando a troca e a migração de idéias (12). Tecnologia Educacional numa visão restrita de “ferramentas” para o aprendizado técnico Nessa categoria, identificou-se apenas três (03) sujeitos que assim se expressaram: Seriam as técnicas utilizadas, as criações realizadas para os processos de aprendizagem (Mármore 1). Meio ou instrumento que você utiliza para acompanhar o grau de aprendizado (Quartzo Azul). Essas falas sinalizam uma compreensão restrita no que tange à Tecnologia Educacional,enfatizando sua apropriação como um mero instrumento técnico que assegura a funcionalidade do processo ensino-aprendizagem. Esses meios são importantes no processo ensino-aprendizagem, mas a Tecnologia Educacional não se reduz à utilizaçãodesses meios. Ela precisa necessariamente ser um instrumento mediador entre o homem e o mundo, o homem e a educação, servindo de mecanismo peloqual o educando se apropria de um saber, redescobrindo e reconstruindo o conhecimento (8). Tecnologia Educacional como não apresentando clareza na expressão conceitual Nessa situação, inserem-se cinco (05) docentes, os quais expressaram seu entendimento, denotando o não conhecimento da temática ou nãocompreensão da questão formulada, como exprimem as seguintes falas: É uma tecnologia que contribui com os aspectos educacionais e que deve ter momentos adequados para tal (Ágata 3). Penso que os recursos usados buscando modificar a realidade. São todas tecnologias educacionais (Lápis-Lazúli 2). As falas denunciam a falta de nexo ao se referirem à temática investigada, permitindo inferirque o assunto constitui-se, ainda, num distanciamentodo processo de trabalho de muitos docentes das IES. A segunda concepção a ser discutida nesta reflexão diz respeito ao entendimento dos docentes em relação à Tecnologia Assistencial. Essa concepção ficou demonstrada nas manifestações expressadaspelos sujeitos participantes, das quais emergiram quatro categorias a seguir descritas e analisadas. Tecnologia Assistencial como sendo um conjunto de ações sistematizadas, processuais e instrumentais para a prestação de uma assistência qualificada Essa concepção foi compartilhada por quinze (15) sujeitos, denotando um entendimento maisampliado da Tecnologia Assistencial, referindo-se a ela como processo sistematizado de ações e instrumentos, tendo em vista produzir uma assistênciacom maior qualidade. Os exemplos a seguir demonstram tais considerações. Ações desenvolvidas na assistência de enfermagem que visem a qualidade do cuidado prestado tanto no nível pessoal como profissional, proporcionando uma visão ética de cuidar do cuidador e tornando o cliente um cidadão (Cristal 1). É todo o processo empreendido pelo enfermeiro junto a sua clientela, no seu dia-a-dia, mas desde que tenha sido avaliado através de uma pesquisa e que os resultados sejam conhecidos e aprovados e utilizados sistematicamente para beneficiar esta clientela (Ágata 5). O desenvolvimento de tecnologias, e aqui em especial aquelas relativas ao cuidado de enfermagem, repercutiram e repercutem de duas formas: aprimeira, a mudança do tipo e da intensidade do cuidado de enfermagem, e a segunda, sobre o provimento do cuidado de enfermagem e aqueles queo prestam, já que papéis, valores e padrões de trabalho foram todos influenciados pelos níveis de tecnologia que estão em constante mutação. Portanto,é necessário o enfermeiro buscar a construção do seu próprio instrumental e conhecimento que estejam relacionados com a qualidade de vida, a maneira deadministrar a saúde, a enfermidade e os problemas daí decorrentes (1-14). Tecnologia Assistencial como sendo a construção de um saber técnico-científico resultante de pesquisas e da experiência cotidiana e/ou a aplicação de teorias O entendimento de Tecnologia Assistencial centrado na produção de conhecimentos, oriundosda prática investigativa e interventiva se destacamRev Latino-am Enfermagem 2005 maio-junho; 13(3):344-53 www.eerp.usp.br/rlaeTecnologias educacionais, assistenciais... Nietsche EA, Backes VMS, Colomé CLM, Ceratti RN, Ferraz F." 872 W4361961974.pdf 0 "20 40 60 802004006008001000 Vehicle 33 mg/kg PF-00299804 3.7 mg/kg PF-00299804 40 mg/kg CI-1033Rx: qDX14 Day Post Tumor ImplantTumor Volume (mm3) A. B. Supplemental Figure 3. Gonzales et al.20 30 40 502004006008001000 Vehicle 30 mg/kg PF-00299804 40 mg/kg CI-1033 Rx: qDX14 Day Post Tumor ImplantTumor Volume (mm3)" 873 W2080247090.pdf 10 "279 Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 59 (1): 269-282, March 2011las matrices triangulares de distancias genética y geográfica, la significancia de este test fue alta, demostrado por la correlación positiva hallada (coeficiente de correlación Rxy=0.431, p<0.001, cuencas medias de los ríos Nare y Guatapé; Rxy=0.377, p<0.001, cuenca del río Nare), sugiriendo procesos de aislamiento por distancia en las poblaciones evaluadas (Peakall et al. 2003). En el modelo de aislamiento por distancia de Wright (1943), la población no está subdividida en subunidades donantes o receptoras de migrantes, ni es una unidad panmíctica. Los cruzamientos al azar están limitados por la distancia, de modo que los individuos tendrán una mayor probabilidad de aparearse con vecinos que con individuos más lejanos. De este modo, se pueden agrupar a los individuos en ""vecindarios"", áreas definidas por ""individuos centrales"" cuyos progenitores se pueden tratar como extraídos al azar (Wright 1943) y por lo tanto, si se requiere realizar repoblamientos de esta especie, se deberá tener más en cuenta las poblaciones vecinas que las poblaciones distanciadas genéticamente, para evitar una contaminación genética de la saba- leta de las cuencas medias de los ríos Nare y Guatapé en el oriente antioqueño. El modelo de aislamiento por distancia asume que la discontinuidad en las poblacio- nes se produce por diversas causas. En este trabajo la discontinuidad en las poblaciones de B. henni se podría explicar por las barreras geográficas entre los sitios muestreados, sus barreras bióticas, pendientes de ríos muy altas y migraciones a corta distancia que realiza la especie (Jiménez et al. 1998), siendo el com- portamiento migratorio una de las causas más plausibles observadas en este trabajo. Se han realizado estudios de aislamiento por distan- cia en otras especies de peces. En Columbia Británica (Canadá), se encontró un fuerte aisla- miento por distancia en poblaciones del Salmón Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, en 22 localidades ubicadas entre Alaska y Columbia Británica, al evaluarse 32 sistemas de aloenzimas. Se encontró que la pendiente de la regresión fue -0.299 y r 2=0.385; p<0.001 (Guthrie & Wilmot 2004). Otro estudio en el norte de Europa, el cual evaluó poblaciones de salmón del Atlánti-co (Salmo salar), un análisis con aloenzimas y microsatélites también demostró un aislamiento por distancia entre las poblaciones bálticas y del atlántico (r=0.477; p=0.001 (Tonteri et al. 2005). En ambos casos, las barreras geográficas fueron las causas del aislamiento por distancia. También puede citarse el trabajo de Mulvey et al. (2002), quienes realizaron un test de Mantel de tres vías usando distancia genética, distancia geográfica y distancia de contaminantes entre pares de sitios. Este test se utilizó para inten- tar correlacionar diferencias en contaminación de sedimentos con PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; hidrocarburos policíclicos aro-máticos), con la distancia genética obtenida por marcadores isoenzimáticos entre las poblacio- nes evaluadas del pez Fundulus heteroclitus en diferentes sitios del estuario del río Elizabeth (virginia, USA). El test de Mantel indicó una correlación positiva pero no significativa esta-dísticamente (r=0.47, a =0.05), entre la diferen- cia en contaminación de PAH en sedimentos y la distancia genética entre poblaciones de nueve sitios evaluados. No obstante, coeficientes de correlación muy bajos y no significativos esta- dísticamente indicaron que no existía relación entre la distancia genética y geográfica en peces capturados a una escala geográfica inferior (Mulvey et al. 2002). En otra investigación, Bay et al. (2008), evaluaron la diversidad genética y estructura genética en la región control I del ADN mito- condrial entre regiones y arrecifes en el pez arre- cifal Acanthochromis polyacanthus, el cual tiene amplio rango de distribución en la Gran Barrera de Coral de Australia. En este estudio se evalua- ron mediante test de Mantel (1 000 permutacio- nes), correlaciones entre matrices de distancias genéticas y geográficas de pares de poblaciones, utilizando para ello el programa GenAlEx 6 (Peakall & Smouse 2006). Los resultados de análisis para el modelo de aislamiento por dis- tancia de Wright (1943), indicaron que se halló correlación entre distancias genéticas y geográ- ficas solo para algunas de las áreas muestreadas (Φ ST vs. km: r=0.77, p=0.001). Sin embargo, esta correlación permaneció estadísticamente" 874 W3176843794.pdf 0 "For Peer Review Only 1 Supplementary material 1 2 Figure S1. Individual oxycodone plasma concentrations for the 15 healthy participants. Data is from the study by 3 Ladebo et al. [1] 4 5 Reference: 6 1. Ladebo L, Foster DJR, Abuhelwa AY, Upton RN, Kongstad KT, Drewes AM, Christrup 7 LL, Olesen AE. Population pharmacokinetic -pharmacodynamic modelling of liquid and 8 controlled- release formulations of oxycodone in healthy volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol 9 Toxicol. 2020;126:263–76. 10 Page 31 of 55 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/gastro Email: IGAS-peerreview@journals.tandf.co.ukScandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60" 875 W2784247465.pdf 6 "Anais | I Seminário Latino -Americano de Estudos em Cultura - SEMLACult Actas | I Seminario Latinoamericano de Estudios en Cultura - SEMLACult 28, 29 e 30 de junho de 2017, Foz do Iguaçu/PR, Brasil | claec.org/semlacult Resumos Expandidos 7 LABURTHE, P; WARNIER, JP. Etnologia -Antropologia . Petrópol is: Vozes, 2003, 3ª edição. LAPLANTINE, F. Marcos para uma História do Pensamento Antropológico . IN Aprender Antropologia. Brasiliense. São Paulo:, 2003 LESSA, M. L. Mercosul Cultural: desafios e perspectivas de uma política cultural . Mural Internacionao , Ano 01, nº. 02, p. 50 – 58, 2010. Disponível em:< http://www.e - publicacoes.uerj.br/index.php/muralinternacional/article/view/5322/3923>. Acesso em 12 de julho de 2016. MALDONADO, C. O Turismo rural comunitário na América Latina . In: Bartholo, Sansolo e Burszt n, Turismo de Base omunitária: diversidade de olhares e experi ncias brasileiras. Letra e imagem. Rio de Janeiro, 2009. PARSONS, T. El sistema social . Disponível em: . Acesso em 31 de maio de 2016. SALAZAR, N. B. Antropología del turismo en países en desarrollo : análisis crítico de las culturas, poderes e identidades generados por el turismo. Traducción del manuscrito en inglés de María Luisa Valencia. Uni versidade da Pensilvânia – Estados Unidos, 2006. Disponível em: . Acesso em 20 de maio de 2016. UNESCO. Curso virtual sobre registro e inventario del patrimonio cultural inmaterial . s/n, 2010. WALSH, C. Interculturalidad y decolonialidad : las insurgencias político -epistêmicas de refundar el Estado. Universidade Andina Símon Bolivar, Tábula Rasa, Colômbia, 2008. " 876 W4387266962.pdf 5 "Figure 2 Pre-program Personal Statement Concerning Learning Outcomes Post-program evaluation.   Post-program evaluative ratings. When asked to indicate their agreement level on a seven-point scale regarding whet her the student made valuable contributions to the capstone institution, the average rating of 14 mentors was 6.21, with a range from 4-7, 1 neutral and 13 in the agreement zone. Mentors all i ndicated that they were intere sted in hosting a future DSCPE student. During the focus group session and in the survey , students were asked about their overall satisfaction with the capstone experience and th e DSCPE program on a seven-point scale. The average rating for the capstone was 5, and for the DSCPE program was 5.8. The ratings from both the mentors and students were indicators of a successful program, though there were some problems with the capstone program. " 877 W2920575346.pdf 4 "Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019 ,20, 1178 5 of 18 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019 , 20, 1178 5 of 18 for Nrf2 and Histone-1 (H1) are shown; CO = CON, P = PAIR, CU = CUR. Bands are separated in instances when samples were not adjacent on sa me membrane. Analyses included 1-way ANOVA, box and whisker plots depict 95% confidence interval (CI). Table 2. Antioxidant status. CON PAIR CUR p-value Protein Expression Catalase 1.08 (0.83) 0.83 (0.53) 1.03 (0.35) 0.44 MnSOD 2.13 (1.21) 1.96 (0.93) 2.64 (1.52) 0.23 HO-1 2.38 (1.84) 3.42 (1.33) 3.28 (1.42) 0.17 TRX/TxNip 0.52 (0.48) 0.67 (0.60) 1.11 (0.84) 0.34 Activity Catalase 0.16 (0.07) 0.18 (0.10) 0.18 (0.07) 0.79 MnSOD 3.96 (1.34) 3.12 (1.65) 4.56 (1.57) 0.40 TAC 0.21 (0.10) 0.23 (0.10) 0.22 (0.07) 0.88 Plantaris antioxidant status at 36 months of age (CON, PAIR, & CUR). Catalase, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an d thioredoxin/thioredoxi n-interacting-protein (TRX/TxNip) ratio protein expression (O.D); catalase (K/mg protein) and MnSOD (units/mg protein) activity; and total antioxidant capacity (TAC; mM/mg protein). Values are mean (SD). 2.4. Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Stress The level of skeletal muscle 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) adducts was similar among the animal groups ( p = 0.935, Figure 4A). Howeve r, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and protein carbonyls (PC) levels, which are indicative of oxidative damage and modifications to proteins, were significantly lower among CUR compared to PAIR ( p = 0.035 and p = 0.042 respectively, Figures 4B,C). (A) (B) Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019 , 20, 1178 6 of 18 (C) Figure 4. Oxidative damage markers at 36 mont hs of age (CON, PAIR, & CUR): ( A) 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) adducts, no significant differences were observed ( p = 0.935, n = 9/group); ( B) CUR showed lower 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) compared to PAIR (* p = 0.035, n = 9/group); ( C) CUR displayed lower levels of protein carbonyls (PC) compared to PAIR (* p = 0.042, n = 9/group); Representative images for 4-HNE adducts, 3-NT, and PC are shown; CO = CON, P = PAIR, CU = CUR. Bands are separated in instances when samples were not adjacent on same membrane. Arrows indicate prominent bands that were used for evaluation. Analyses included 1-way ANOVA, box and whisker plots depict 95% confidence interval (CI). 2.5. Curcumin Administration via Osmotic Pumps: Complementary Study No significant difference in body mass or food consumption was observed between control and curcumin groups ( n = 3/group) ( p > 0.05). Notably, rats provided with curcumin showed greater plantaris mass (0.28 (0.02) vs. 0.22 (0.01) g, curcumin vs. control; p = 0.012). There was an apparent greater specific peak twitch (20.5 (8.9) vs. 16.1 (11.5) N/g, curcumin vs. control) and specific tetanic (65.2 (27.4) vs. 43.6 (22.8) N/g curcumin vs. control) te nsion response of the plantaris from curcumin supplemented animals. Differences in force producti on measures, however, di d not reach statistical significance. 3. Discussion The primary aim of this study was to document the effects of prolonged dietary curcumin exposure on aged skeletal muscle using an animal model that reflects the time course of human sarcopenia. Rats displayed notable differences be tween the curcumin and pair-fed groups that included larger muscle mass and greater force prod uction. Additionally, greater nuclear levels of Nrf2 and lower oxidative protein damage were observed in curcumin-fed animals. However, no difference in any measure was observed between CU R and CON rats, suggesting that curcumin did not impart beneficial effects compared to ad libitum feeding with a normal diet. A discussion of these findings is presented in the following sections. 3.1. Rats Consuming Curcumin Showed Reduced Food Intake We made use of a 0.2% curcumin (by food weight ) intervention, which is similar to previous rat studies investigating efficacy of curcumin on a variety of tissues, including liver, adipose, and skeletal muscle [29–33]. This supplementation amount resulted in an average daily curcumin intake of ~77 mg, similar to what was reported by another study examining curcumin effects on liver and adipose tissue [33]. While curcumin’s bitter taste has been ac knowledged in the literature [34,35], a lower food intake among curcumin-fed rats has not been repo rted previously. However, since previous dietary curcumin supplementation studies involved younger animals [30,36] the current data are the first to show reduced food intake in aged rats. The lower food intake among CUR rats is suggestive that aged rats may be more sensitive to the bitterness of curcumin. Thus, the difference in food intake between the CUR and CON groups underscores the importance of including a pair-fed group in this Figure 4. Oxidative damage markers at 36 months of age (CON, PAIR, & CUR): ( A) 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) adducts, no significant differences were observed ( p= 0.935, n= 9/group); ( B) CUR showed lower 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) compared to PAIR (* p= 0.035, n= 9/group); ( C) CUR displayed lower levels of protein carbonyls (PC) compared to PAIR (* p= 0.042, n= 9/group); Representative images for 4-HNE adducts, 3-NT, and PC are shown; CO = CON, P = PAIR, CU = CUR. Bands are separated in instances when samples were not adjacent on same membrane. Arrows indicate prominent bands that were used for evaluation. Analyses included 1-way ANOVA, box and whisker plots depict 95% confidence interval (CI). 2.5. Curcumin Administration via Osmotic Pumps: Complementary Study No significant difference in body mass or food consumption was observed between control and curcumin groups ( n= 3/group) ( p> 0.05). Notably, rats provided with curcumin showed greater plantaris mass (0.28 (0.02) vs. 0.22 (0.01) g, curcumin vs. control; p= 0.012). There was an apparent greater specific peak twitch (20.5 (8.9) vs. 16.1 (11.5) N/g, curcumin vs. control) and specific tetanic (65.2 (27.4) vs. 43.6 (22.8) N/g curcumin vs. control) tension response of the plantaris" 878 W113705701.pdf 3 "active surveillance was implemented for all inmates presenting with skin abscesses. Infection control staff provided educationfor the correctional facility staff regarding appropriate environ-mental cleaning procedures and improving inmate hygiene.The correctional facility nurses have since been in contactwith the infection control practitioners at a neighbouringhealth care facility to deal with issues following the outbreak.T wo isolated new patients have been identified since 2004;however, these have not resulted in transmission to otherinmates, leading us to assume that the infection controlsimposed are being followed. Risk factors for CAMRSA infection Four of five patients in the 2002 outbreak had spent time in cell-block A. Patients 3 and 4 had been cellmates, and patients 2and 3 had both shared a cell with an inmate who ‘assisted’ otherinmates by lancing boils and pimples. This inmate was not col-onized with MRSA, and did not develop MRSA infection. Noother epidemiological linkage between patients was identified. In August 2002, 12 uninfected inmates in cellblock A vol- untarily completed questionnaires that were aimed at identify-ing risk factors for asymptomatic MRSA carriage. Screenedinmates ranged from 21 to 48 years of age. Four inmates (33%)had tattoos, and no inmates reported prior intravenous druguse. One inmate was a resident of a First Nations (Aboriginal)reserve. Eleven of 12 inmates (92%) had been previouslyincarcerated. Four inmates (33%) reported antibiotic use inthe preceding year, and three (25%) reported skin infectionsduring this same time period. Inmates were not questionedabout sexual practices. Thirteen inmates from cellblock Awere screened for staphylococcal carriage; two inmates hadmethicillin-susceptible S aureus identified on screening, but none were colonized with MRSA. In 2004, no epidemiological link was identified between patients 6 and 7. Patients 8 and 9 were both housed in cell-block B, where they were in direct contact with one anotherand developed symptoms within 24 h of each other. Patient 10was housed in a cellblock separate from any of the other patients. All of the patients identified in 2004 were screenedfor MRSA carriage in the nares, groin and rectum, and all werenegative with the exception of patient 10, who had concurrentfolliculitis in the groin. Patients 9 and 10 had been exposed tothe health care system, patient 9 had brief hospital visits forlacerations and patient 10 had an HIV infection complicatedby Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia requiring hospitalization in 1993. Neither of these individuals were identified as being col-onized with MRSA in hospital records. None of the inmateshad chronic medical conditions, with the exception ofpatient 10 who was HIV-positive. All inmates denied intra- venous drug use. Thus, the major identifiable risk factor forCAMRSA infection noted in this population was prior andcurrent incarceration in the Canadian penal system. Laboratory results All five MRSA isolates in 2002 had identical antibiograms, withsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,rifampin, tetracycline, vancomycin and nitrofurantoin. Theoutbreak strain was resistant to erythromycin (minimalinhibitory concentration of 8 µg/mL) and resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics (minimal inhibitory concentration greaterthan 8 µg/mL). All 10 isolates were identical by PFGE (Figure 2).However, PFGE revealed that outbreak isolates were distinctfrom the health care-associated Canadian MRSA-1 andCanadian MRSA-2 curr ently circulating in the city. The out- break strain has been identified as the Canadian community-acquired strain, Canadian MRSA-10 or USA 300 strain. In Canada, the MRSA-10 strain has been identified in outbreaksseen mainly in the western provinces (8). Virulence factor analysis determined that the 2002 isolate was positive for the PVL gene, negative for enterotoxins A to D and negative for staphylococcal toxic shock toxin. The 2004isolates additionally possessed the PVL gene. SCCMec typing was not performed. DISCUSSION T wo outbreaks of SSTIs in a Canadian correctional facility arereported. The outbreak strain was identified as CanadianMRSA-10, which has the same PFGE pattern as USA 300,one of the outbreak strains seen in jails in the United States(1,2,7,15-19,20-22,28-31). CAMRSA has been identified in a number of prison facili- ties within Canada (8), the United States and elsewhere(9-12,28). While the apparent predilection of correctionalfacilities for CAMRSA is puzzling, factors such as crowding,medical comorbidities, poor hygiene and sharing of personalcare items in the correctional environment may enhancetransmission of the bacterium once it has been introduced. Wefailed to identify traditional risk factors for MRSA infection orcarriage in all but one affected individual in this outbreak; thelast identified patient had HIV infection with a distant historyof hospitalization, but had not had documented MRSA infec-tion at that time. The absence of risk factors is commonlyreported with CAMRSA (1,2,13-15). Personal contact andthe sharing of fomites, such as towels, has been linked to thedevelopment of MRSA SSTIs among athletes (4-6,32,33),men who have sex with men (33) and prison populations(10,11,33). Sharing of towels, bedding and clothing was common in this facility.Main et al Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol Vol 16 No 6 November/December 2005 346 Figure 2) Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a Canadian correctional facility. All inmate-derived strains had identical pulsed-fieldgel electrophoresis patterns. Patient numbers are indicated at the base ofeach row and correspond to the patient numbers indicated in Table 1 . M Molecular weight markersMain_9109.qxd 11/21/2005 9:50 AM Page 346" 879 W4366829277.pdf 0 "Citation: Goessler, T.; Kaluarachchi, Y. Smart Adaptive Homes and Their Potential to Improve Space Efficiency and Personalisation. Buildings 2023 , 13, 1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/ buildings13051132 Academic Editors: Yingbin Feng, Srinath Perera, Robert Osei-Kyei, Ali Al-Ashwal, Md Kamrul Hassan, Sepani Senaratne, Wei Zhou, Sameera Wijesiri Pathirana and Brendan Kirkland Received: 20 February 2023 Revised: 5 April 2023 Accepted: 12 April 2023 Published: 24 April 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). buildings Systematic Review Smart Adaptive Homes and Their Potential to Improve Space Efficiency and Personalisation Thomas Goessler * and Yamuna Kaluarachchi * Manchester School of Architecture, Manchester Metropolitan University, All Saints Building, Manchester M15 6BH, UK *Correspondence: thomas.goessler@stu.mmu.ac.uk (T.G.); y.kaluarachchi@mmu.ac.uk (Y.K.) Abstract: Over the last decades, population growth in urban areas and the subsequent rise in demand for housing have resulted in significant space and housing shortages. This paper investigates the influence of smart technologies on small urban dwellings to make them flexible, adaptive and personalised. The study builds on the hypothesis that adaptive homes and smart technology could increase efficiency and space usage up to two to three times compared to a conventional apartment. The present study encompasses a comprehensive semi-systematic literature review that includes several case studies of smart adaptive homes demonstrating various strategies that can be employed to enhance the functionality of small spaces while reducing the physical and psychological limitations associated with them. These strategies involve incorporating time-dependent functions and furniture, as well as division elements that can adapt to the changing needs of users in real-time. This review further categorises types of flexibility and adaptation regarding the size of the moving elements, the time that the transformation takes and whether it is performed manually (by a human) or automatically (by a machine). Results show that smart and adaptive technology can increase space efficiency by reducing the need for separate physical spaces for different activities. Smart technology substantially increases the versatility and multifunctionality of a room in all three dimensions and allows for adaptation and customisation for a variety of users. Keywords: adaptive homes; efficient spaces; flexibility; home automation; interactive architecture; micro-living; personalisation; resilience; smart homes; space shortage 1. Introduction Over the recent decades, the population growth in urban areas and rising demand for housing have been accompanied by a sharp increase in space shortage and a loss of identity and personalisation in urban homes. According to the RIBA [ 1], the most prevalent cause of discontent with one’s home in the UK is lack of space. In major cities such as London, the housing demand is hardly met with adequate supply, leading to unaffordable rents, urban sprawl, transportation problems and sustainability issues [ 2]. Increasingly, ‘Micro-living’ concepts have been proposed as a possible solution for affordable residential spaces, when combined with smart technology and automation. Smart technology can help increase the quality of life, especially regarding the increase of functionality and personalisation [ 3]. By doing so, housing can overcome fixed layouts for specific functions and have the potential to become smart, adaptive as well as easy to personalise. This will allow homes to solve problems, alter furniture and layouts, make decisions and predict what users might require in advance [ 3]. The objective can be achieved by introducing actuators and forms of Artificial Intelligence (AI) such as a Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) neural network, which is a type of recurrent neural network that is commonly used for pattern recognition and associative memory. Bifurcations in a fractional-order BAM neural network can have important implications for the network’s behaviour and performance, and research in this area [ 4–7] influences several fields, including pattern recognition, Buildings 2023 ,13, 1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051132 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings" 880 W4387912625.pdf 3 "35 Problems of Economics and Law 2023, t. 8, nr 1 Analiza i ocena wielkości zużytego sprzętu elektrycznego i elektronicznego w Unii Europejskiej Rysunek 1. Wskaźnik zebranego zużytego sprzętu elektrycznego i elektronicznego w 2020 roku do średniej masy sprzętu wprowadzonego do obrotu w trzech poprzednich latach (2017–2019) (w %) Ź r ó d ł o: Eurostat, 2020. Wartości powyżej ustalonego poziomu 45% przekroczyło w 2020 roku 15 państw, w tym Polska. Jednocześnie cel na poziomie 65% osiągnęły jedynie trzy państwa: Bułgaria, Chorwacja i Finlandia. Najmniejsze wielkości zaobserwowano w Portugalii, Włoszech oraz Słowenii. Jak wynika z raportu opublikowanego przez organizację non-profit, WEEE Forum, zrze- szającą 50 organizacji reprezentujących producentów sprzętu elektrycznego i elektroniczne- go, w 2021 roku średnia produkcja elektroodpadów na mieszkańca Europy wynosiła 19,6 kg, a formalna zbiórka elektrosprzętu – 10,5 kg na jednego mieszkańca (rysunek 2). Urządzenia, które zostały poddane nieformalnej utylizacji wynosiły w 2021 roku 2,7 kg/mieszkańca, zaś 1,5 kg/mieszkańca zostało wyrzucone jako odpady komunalne. Nielegalny eksport oraz urzą- dzenia wywiezione do ponownego użytku szacuje się na poziomie 1,0 kg/mieszkańca. Z kolei 2,9 kg/mieszkańca stanowi nieznany przepływ elektroodpadów. " 881 W2769602039.pdf 6 "Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017 ,14, 1383 7 of 11 for CVD mortality due to cold in China [ 13]. The differences in findings might be due to the different populations and climates. Our study showed the impact of temperature on CVD death was higher at high humidity. High humidity may lead to increased thrombotic risk [ 22], exacerbating the temperature effects on those with existing cardiac health problems. Our study found a positive correlation between daily CVD death and relative humidity (r = 0.035, p< 0.05), and a negative correlation between daily CVD death and daily mean temperature (r = " 882 W1963850250.pdf 5 "fact that the two conditions (diabetes and hypertension) may cause each other [2,3]. This finding is in agreement with several other studies [12,19,20]. This study also revealed that walking for at least ten minutes continu- ously everyday was negatively associated with hyperten- sion. This study further strengthens the previous reports in this country [9,11]. Unlike other studies done so far [11,16,17,22], cigarette smoking, harmful use of alcohol and excessive use of salt were not significantly associated with hypertension in this study. This may be due to the low prevalence of these factors in the community studied. This study has potential limitations. Firstly, being a cross-sectional one it has inherent limitation; hyperten- sion might have preceded some of the explanatory vari- ables. Second, this study is limited to behavioral and physical measurements, and did not include biochemical measurements such as a 24 hours urine sodium concen- tration, serum glucose level, etc. Thirdly, it was only lim- ited to adults aged 35 or older which made comparisons with other studies difficult. Conclusion There was high prevalence of hypertension among adults in Gondar and may show a hidden epidemic in this population. A significant proportion (37%) of parti- cipants were unaware of having the condition (screened newly for the first time) before they were identified by the current study. Family history of hypertension, self reported diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity and age were associated factors with hypertension. Hence, we recommend the design and implementation of community based screen- ing programs for hypertension in this community. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests. Authors ’contributions AA wrote the proposal, participated in data collection, analyzed the data and drafted the paper. BM and TA approved the proposal with some revisions, participated in data collection, analysis and manuscript writing. SA participated in data collection and manuscript editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements We appreciate the Chronic Disease Project at the University of Gondar referral hospital for financial support of this study. We also extend our hearted thanks to study participants and data collectors. Author details 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.2Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. Received: 21 August 2012 Accepted: 22 November 2012 Published: 28 November 2012References 1. Alwan A: Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010 . Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010:2 –17. 2. Kotcher T: Harrison's Principles of internal medicine .I nHypertensive vascular disease . Volume 2 17th edition. Edited by Athonys F, Eugene B, Dennis K. USA: McGraw-Hill Companies; 2008:1549 –1562. 3. Mathers C, Stevens G, Mascarenhas M: Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks . Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2009. 4. Opie LH, Seedat YK: Hypertension in sub-saharan African populations. Circulation 2005, 112(23):3562 –3568. 5. Tesfaye F: Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Ethiopia: the rural –urban gradient. J Hum Hypertens 2007, 21(2):28 –37. 6. CSA: Summary and Statistical report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census . Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Population and Housing Census Commission; 2008:57 –60. 7. WHO: WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) . Geneva,Switzerland: WHO; 2005. 8. Chockalingam A, Campbell NR, Fodor JG: Worldwide epidemic of hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2006, 7(22):553 –555. 9. Tesfaye F, Byass P, Wall S: Population based prevalence of high blood pressure among adults in Addis Ababa: uncovering a silent epidemic. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2009, 9:39. 10. Ong KL, Cheung BM, Man YB, Lau CP, Lam KS: Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999 –2004. Hypertension 2007, 49(1):69 –75. 11. Giday A, Tadesse B: Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in rural and urban areas of southern Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 2011, 49(2):139 –147. 12. Shishani K, Dajani R, Khader Y: Hypertension risk assessment in the largest ethnic groups in Jordan . J Immigrant Minority: Health; 2011. 13. Van H, Byass P, Chuc N, Wall S: Gender differences in prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of hypertension: findings from the WHO STEPs survey in a rural community of Vietnam. J Hum Hypertens 2006, 20(2):109 –115. 14. Damasceno A, Azevedo A, Silva-Matos C, Prista A, Diogo D, Lunet N: Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in mozambique: urban/rural gap during epidemiological transition. Hypertension 2009, 54(1):77 –83. 15. Ahaneku GI, Osuji CU, Anisiuba BC, Ikeh VO, Oguejiofor OC, Ahaneku JE: Evaluation of bloods pressure and indices of obesity in a typical rural community eastern Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2011, 10(2):120 –126. 16. Midha T, Idris MZ, Saran RK, Srivastav AK, Singh SK: Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in the urban and rural population of a north Indian district. East Afr J Public Health 2009, 6(3):268 –273. 17. Wamala JF, Karyabakabo Z, Ndungutse D, Guwatudde D: Prevalence factors associated with hypertension in rukungiri district, Uganda –a community- based study. Afr Health Sci 2009, 9(3):153 –160. 18. Mufunda J, Mebrahtu G, Usman A, Nyarango P, Kosia A, Ghebrat Y, Ogbamariam A: The prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with obesity: results from a national blood pressure survey in Eritrea. J Hum Hypertens 2006, 20(1):59 –65. 19. Rodrigues A, Ferreti A: Arterial hypertension in the elderly of Bridgetown, Barbados:prevalence and associated factors. J Aging Health 2010, 22(5):611 –630. 20. Tamiru S, Alemseged F: Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients in southwest Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2010, 20(2):121 –128. 21. Jewell H, Monika M, Stefan G, Mark J, Young-II K, Sharima D, Cora E, Catrina I:Alcohol consumption in young adults and incident hypertension: 20-year follow-up from the coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Am J Epidemiol 2010, 17(5):532 –539. 22. Bowman T, Gaziano J, Buring J, Sesso H: A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of incident hypertension in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007, 50(21):2085 –2092. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-12-113 Cite this article as: Awoke et al. :Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2012 12:113.Awoke et al. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2012, 12:113 Page 6 of 6 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2261/12/113" 883 W4283332901.pdf 9 "10 Vol:.(1234567890) Scientific Reports | (2022) 12:10698 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14934-z www.nature.com/scientificreports/useful for inhibiting inflammation in IBD and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, resulting in long-term control of inflammation39. As anaerobic culture conditions mimic intestinal environments, aerobic conditions are disadvantageous for their survival. In this study, we compared the production of proinflammatory cytokines by the DC line between aerobic and anaerobic conditions using this in vitro culture model. In the present study, we used anaerobic bac- teria (F. varium , F. nucleatum , B. vulgatus , and C. clostridioforme ) and facultative anaerobes (E. coli). High levels of IL-6, IL-8, or TNF-α were produced by the DC line stimulated with E. coli under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Both aerobic and anaerobic conditions may not be disadvantageous for E. coli. However, significantly higher IL-6, IL-8, or TNF-α levels were produced by the DC line stimulated with E. coli under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. Therefore, the E. coli strain used in this study may be capable of significantly stimulating the DC line under aerobic conditions. Presumably, this trend varies depending on the strain used. Fusobacteria ( F. varium and F. nucleatum ) stimulated the DC line to produce significantly higher IL-6, IL-8, or TNF-α levels under anaerobic conditions than under aerobic conditions. Therefore, anaerobic bacteria, such as F. varium and F. nucleatum , are better stimulators of the DC line under anaerobic conditions that mimic intestinal environments. However, an anaerobic bacterium, B. vulgatus, promoted significantly more IL-8 and TNF-α production by the DC line under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. Since the number of anaerobic bacteria did not change significantly after 4 h of aerobic stimulation, the production of proinflam - matory cytokines is unlikely to involve dead bacteria. The ability of live anaerobic bacteria to stimulate the DC line under aerobic or anaerobic conditions may differ. The effect of fusobacteria on the DC line should be evalu- ated under anaerobic conditions similar to the colonic environment, since fusobacteria stimulation significantly increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines by the DC line under anaerobic conditions. We further discussed the effects of F. varium and F. nucleatum on the DC line under anaerobic conditions. Compared to F. varium , F. nucleatum stimulated the DC line, as evidenced by the upregulation of surface mol - ecules on the DC line and production of IL-6, IL-8, or TNF-α at significantly higher levels. Previous studies have indicated an association between F. nucleatum and the progression of advanced CRC 21,32. Components of the human gut microbiota, such as F. nucleatum, may contribute to the etiology of advanced CRC, not only via the procarcinogenic activities of F. nucleatum but also via the effect of wider microbe-induced proinflammation45. Furthermore, F. varium is one of the pathogens causing UC6,12,24. The F. varium- stimulated DC line produced high levels of IL-6, IL-8, or TNF-α, consistent with our previous report indicating that F. varium  in actively inflamed colonic mucosa was associated with the progression of UC36 and the pathogenesis of colorectal adenoma and intramucosal CRC 25. E. coli, F. nucleatum, and F. varium, which induce the production of high levels of proin - flammatory cytokines from activated DCs, may be potential pathogens causing various inflammatory diseases or cancers. Although the intestinal tract is an anaerobic environment and most intestinal bacteria are anaerobic bacteria, crosstalk between intestinal bacteria and immune cells, including DCs, has previously been evaluated under aerobic conditions. This study is significant as the first paper to analyze this process under anaerobic condi- tions. Under anaerobic conditions similar to intestinal environments, E. coli , F. nucleatum, and F. varium were the stimulatory commensal bacteria affecting the DC line. The next step of the research is to analyze the effects of commensal anaerobic bacteria on autologous immune-related cells, including DCs and T cells, from patients with IBD or CRC. Identification of the mechanisms by which anaerobic bacteria affect the patient’s immune system and cause disease is important. Methods Cells and conditioned medium. The human DC line (PMDC05) has myeloid activity in the human DC lineage and functions as an APC to induce immunomodulation16,18. This line was a kind gift from Dr. Takahashi (Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan). The DC line was maintained in Iscove’s modified Dulbecco’s medium (IMDM) (Sigma–Aldrich; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) supplemented with 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan) and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) (Cytiva, Marlborough, MA, United States) under aerobic conditions in a humidified CO2 incubator (5% CO2 at 37 °C). Preparation of commensal bacteria. Human commensal bacteria were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD, United States) or Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM, RIKEN, Wako, Japan): F. varium (ATCC8501), F. nucleatum (ATCC25586), B vulgatus (JCM5826), C. clostridi - oforme (JCM1219), and E. coli (JCM1649). As these bacteria invade colonic epithelial cells and activate early intracellular signaling pathways to trigger host inflammation6, we selected these bacteria in the present study. Moreover, a probiotic, L. bulgaricus (LB-021001; Meiji Dairies), was used as a control. E. coli was harvested from BTB agar plates (Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). B. vulgatus was harvested from Bacteroides agar plates (Nissui Chemical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). C. clostridioforme and L. bulgaricus were harvested from ABCM agar plates (Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd.). F. nucleatum and F. varium were harvested from FM agar-modified plates (Nissui Chemical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). These plates were cultured at 37 ℃ for 24–48 h. Facultative anaerobes (E. coli) were incubated under aerobic conditions in a humidified CO2 incubator (5% CO2 at 37 °C). Anaerobic bacteria (F. varium , F. nucleatum , B. vulgatus , and C. clostridioforme ) and facultative anaerobes (L. bulgaricus) were incubated in a gas generator for anaerobic culture using Anaeropack Kenki (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan) (< 0.1% O2, > 16% CO2 at 37 °C). After culture, the colonies were collected using a disposable plastic loop and suspended at a density of 1 × 108 colony forming units (CFUs)/mL in IMDM without antibiotics or FCS." 884 W4283446307.pdf 7 "patterns with different number of masks. As we suspect, using T(yMM)pattern gives a much better results than T(yM). However combination of two- mask patterns results in just slightly higher score and one-mask pattern M(yT)even outperforms MM (yT). Figure 4: Comparison patterns with and without brack- ets. Figure 5: Comparison patterns with and without brack- ets. A.3 Patterns without brackets and dashes In the patterns discussed above we have extra dashes which were added by mistake and poten- tially could affect the results, so firstly we removethem from patterns. Also we have assumption that using brackets is not common thing in Spanish so such patterns could spoil generated substitutes and final results. To prove it we decide to compare y-based patterns with and without brackets and dashes. In the Figures 4 and 5 we can see that in all cases refusal to use brackets and dashes improves our results quite well, especially the right pat- tern get around 0.1 growth in JSD,SPR and COM- PARE,SPR scores.172" 885 W2014541984.pdf 8 "BioMedResearchInternational 9 and National Science and Technology Major Project funded projects(Grant2013ZX10004202002). References [1] R. P. Ryan, S. Monchy, M. Cardinale et al., “The versatility and adaptationofbacteriafromthegenus Stenotrophomonas ,”Nat- ureReviewsMicrobiology ,vol.7 ,no .7 ,pp .514–525,2009 . [2] J. 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Chauhan, S. Green, A. Pathak, J. Thomas, and R. Venka- tramanan, “Whole-genome sequences of five oyster-associated bacteriashowpotentialforcrudeoilhydrocarbondegradation,” Genome Announcements , vol. 1, no. 5, Article ID e00802-13, 2013.[15] F.Lira,A.Hern ´andez,E.Beldaetal.,“Whole-genomesequence ofStenotrophomonas maltophilia D457, a clinical isolate and a modelstrain,” JournalofBacteriology ,vol.194,no.13,pp.3563– 3564,2012. [16] L.Zhang,M.Morrison,P.O.Cu ´ıv ,P .Evans,andC.M.Rickard, “ G e n o m es e q u e n c eo f Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain AU12-09, isolated from an intravascular catheter,” Genome Announcements ,vol.1,no .3,2013. [17] R. Banerjee and D. Roy, “Codon usage and gene expression patternof Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia R551-3forpathogenic modeofliving,” BiochemicalandBiophysicalResearchCommu- nications,vol.390,no .2,pp .177 –181,2009 . [ 1 8 ]M .A d a m e k ,J .O v e r h a g e ,S .B a t h e ,J .W i n t e r ,R .F i s c h e r , and T. Schwartz, “Genotyping of environmental and clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates and their pathogenic potentia,” PLoSONE ,vol.6,no.11,ArticleIDe27615,2011. [19] A. L. Delcher, A. Phillippy, J. Carlton, and S. L. Salzberg, “Fast algorithmsforlarge-scalegenomealignmentandcomparison,”NucleicAcidsResearch ,vol.30,no.11,pp.2478–2483,2002. [20] A. G. McArthur, N. Waglechner, F. Nizam et al., “The com- prehensiveantibioticresistancedatabase,” AntimicrobialAgents andChemotherapy ,vol.57 ,no .7 ,pp .3348–3357 ,2013. [ 2 1 ]L .L .Ch a n g,H .F .Ch e n ,C .Y .Ch a n g,T .M .Lee ,a n dW .J .W u , “Contribution of integrons, and SmeABC and SmeDEF efflux pumps to multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of Stenotrop- homonas maltophilia ,”Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy , vol.53,no .3,pp .518–521,2004. [ 2 2 ]H .W .S t o k e sa n dR .M .H a l l ,“ An o v e lf a m i l yo fp o t e n t i a l l y mobile DNA elements encoding site-specific gene-integration functions:integrons,” MolecularMicrobiology ,vol.3,no .12,pp . 1669–1683,1989. [23] A. C. Fluit and F. J. Schmitz, “Class 1 integrons, gene cassettes, mobility,andepidemiology,” EuropeanJournalofClinicalMicr- obiology&InfectiousDiseases ,vol.18,no .11,pp .7 61 –770,1999 . [24] R.Barbolla,M.Catalano,B.E.Ormanetal.,“Class1integrons increase trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole MICs against epide-miologically unrelated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates,” AntimicrobialAgentsandChemotherapy ,vol.48,no.2,pp.666– 669,2004. [25] M.A.Toleman,P.M.Bennett,D.M.C.Bennett,R.N.Jones,and T.R.Walsh,“Globalemergenceoftrimethoprim/sulfamethox- azole resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mediated by acquisition of sulgenes,”Emerging Infectious Diseases ,v o l .1 3 , no.4,pp.559–565,2007. [26] G.A.Jacoby,“Mechanismsofresistancetoquinolones,” Clinical Infectious Diseases ,vol.41,supplement2,pp.S120–S126,2005. [27] A. Alonso and J. L. Mart ´ınez, “Multiple antibiotic resistance inStenotrophomonas maltophilia ,”Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ,vol.41,no .5,pp .1140–1142,1997 . [28] L. McMurry, R. E. Petrucci Jr., and S. B. Levy, “Active efflux oftetracyclineencodedbyfourgeneticallydifferenttetracyline resistance determinants in Escherichia coli ,”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol.77,no.7,pp.3974–3977,1980. [29] J.L.Martinez,M.B.S ´anchez,L.Mart ´ınez-Solanoetal.,“Func- tional role of bacterial multidrug efflux pumps in microbial naturalecosystems,” FEMSMicrobiologyReviews ,vol.33,no .2, pp .430–449 ,2009 . [30]M.F errer -N avarro ,R.Planell,D .Y eroetal.,“ A bundanceofthe quorum-sensing factor Ax21 in four strains of correlates with mortality rate in a New Zebrafish model of infection,” PLoS ONE,vol.8,no .6,ArticleIDe67207 ,2013." 886 W2318910005.pdf 3 "solution to the cells for 5 min and the cells were washed 3X with PBS. For blocking experi- ments, cells were incubated with the inhibitors Chlorpromazine (CPZ) (inhibitor of clathrin mediated endocytosis) and Methyl- β-cyclodextrin (mhCD) (inhibitor of caveolae mediated en- docytosis) prior to incubation with liposomes. Flow cytometric analysis for fluorescent signal from liposomes was performed using a 4-color FACS-Calibur (Becton Dickinson, Heidelberg, Germany) equipped with an argon laser exciting at a wavelength of 488 nm. For each sample, 10000 events were collected by list-modedata that consisted of side scatter, forward scatter and fluorescence emission centered at 530 nm (FL1) and 585 nm (FL2), respectively. For 7-Annexin V Apoptosis detection (AAD), a long-pass filter with a cutoff of 670 nm (FL3) was applied. The fluorescence was collected on alogarithmic scale with a 1024 channel resolution. Cell Quest Pro software (Becton Dickinson, Heidelberg, Germany) was applied for the analyses. Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism, 4.03 (San Diego). One way analysisof variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett ’s post hoc used for other parameters. Data was ex- pressed in means ± S.E.M. P <0.05 was fixed as the statistical significance criterion. Results In vitro study Ultrastructural studies of UROtsa cells showed that cells lie adjacent to one another in a mono- layer arrangement and are connected to one another with finger like projections called as later- al interdigitation (LI). The size of nucleus in UROtsa cell is comparatively larger with highernuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. UROtsa cells incubated with colloidal gold particles in absence ofliposomes did not internalize any of the gold particles as indicated by dark grains lying outside the cell on EM image representing gold particles (G) ( Fig. 1 ). Compared to faint to dark grey color of uranyl acetate staining acquired by other cell organelles, the electron dense gold parti-cles appear as dark grains. Inscribed area in panel A and B is magnified 3 times further in panel C and D, respectively to show a single cell. The cellular uptake of gold particles was not affected by temperature as evident from the EM images of cells taken after incubation at 37°C (PanelA&C) or at 4°C (Panel B&D) for 2 h. In contrast, EM images of UROtsa cells incubated with liposomes encapsulating gold parti- cles at 37°C showed cluster of dark gold particles inside the cell and not outside the cell mem-brane ( Fig. 2A ). Corresponding higher magnification of the image showed that dark grains of gold were associated with vesicle like structures in an endosomal compartment (E) of UROtsa cells ( Fig. 2C ). Incubation of UROtsa cells with liposomes encapsulating gold particles at 4°C showed absence of dark grains inside the cell and only extracellular binding of liposomes con-taining dark grains of gold was seen ( Fig. 2B ). Corresponding higher magnification in Panel D showed that vesicle like structures were devoid of dark gold particles indicating absence of in- ternalization and the temperature dependence for the cellular uptake of encapsulated gold par-ticles. Since temperature had no effect on the internalization of gold particles ( Fig. 1 ), it can be inferred that liposomes as a carrier is necessary for the endocytosis to occur. In vivo study Rat bladder was instilled with encapsulated liposome showed the uptake of gold across theurothelium ( Fig. 3A ); whereas the bladder instilled with plain gold showed the gold particles lying outside the tissue region of sections ( Fig. 3B ). The untreated bladder is shown as control Bladder Uptake of Liposomes by Endocytosis PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0122766 March 26, 2015 4/1 0" 887 W2186012262.pdf 0 "Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering a nd Technology 5(6): 223872244, 2013 DOI:10.19026/rjaset.5.4778 ISSN: 204077459; e7ISSN: 204077467 © 2013 Maxwell Scientific Publication Corp. Submitted: September 03, 2012 Accepted: September 24, 2012 Published: February 2 1, 2013 Corresponding Author: Ling Mao, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attr ibution 4.0 International License (URL: http://crea tivecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 2238 Research Article Multiclass Image Segmentation Based on Pixel and Se gment Level Ling Mao and Mei Xie Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China Abstract: Multi7class image segmentation (or pixel labeling) is one of the most important and challenging tasks in computer vision. Currently, many different methods for this task can be broadly categorized into two t ypes according to their choice of the partitioning of th e image space, i.e., pixels or segments. However, e ach choice of the two types of methods comes with its share of advant ages and disadvantages. In this study, we construct a novel CRF model to integrate features extracted from pixel an d segment levels. We exploit segments generated by Constrained Parametric Min Cuts (CPMC) algorithm in the propose d framework, instead of commonly used unsupervised segmentation method (e.g., mean7shift approach). Ad ditionally, the recognition based on these segments is also integrated into the model, which possible corrects classification mistakes caused by the unary term ba sed on information derived from pixel level. We experiment ally demonstrate our model’s quantitative and quali tative improvements over the baseline methods. Keywords: Constrained parametric min cuts, CRF, higher order potential, non7linear support vector model INTRODUCTION As one of the most important and challenging tasks in computer vision, multi7class image segmentation (or pixel labeling) has received increasing attention i n recent years (He et al ., 2004; Shotton et al ., 2006; Gould et al ., 2008; Ladicky et al ., 2009). The PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge 2007 added object class based image segmentation as the taster competition, which has been propelling this trend. Here multi7class image segmentation aims to assign each pixel in an image with a class label from a predetermined set, e.g., plane, car, people, sheep. From the early 1990s, Markov Random Fields (MRFs) were exploited to address this problem of multi7class image segmentation (Bouman and Shapiro, 1994; Feng et al ., 2002; Kumar and Hebert, 2003a), since these undirected graphical models allowed one to incorporate local contextual constraints in the lab eling problems in a principled manner. However, the traditional MRF usually makes simplistic assumption s about the data, e.g., assuming the conditional independence of the observed data, which hinders capturing complex interactions in the observed data that might be required for classification purposes. Additionally MRF formulation often does not allow a ny use of data in label interactions. Kumar and Hebert (2003b) firstly applied Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) to segment man7 made structure from complex natural scenes. CRFs were proposed by Lafferty et al . (2001), which directly model the conditional distribution over labels give n the observations and take observed data into account in label interactions. Therefore, the method presented in Kumar and Hebert (2003a) performed better than thos e using MRFs in Kumar and Hebert (2003b). He et al . (2004) and Shotton et al. (2006) used CRFs for semantic segmentation problems with more object classes other than two. Turning to more recent times, many different methods have been proposed for multi7class pixel labeling, which can be broadly categorized into two types according to their choice of the partitioning of the image space. Some methods are formulated in terms o f pixels (Shotton et al ., 2006) and others used segments or groups of segments (Rabinovich et al ., 2007; Pantofaru et al ., 2008; Gould et al ., 2009). Each choice of the two types of methods comes with its share of advantages and disadvantages. Those pixel7based methods assign each pixel a label using features extracted from a regularly shaped patch around it o r at an offset from it Shotton et al . (2006). However, these small patches contain a limited amount of informati on. For example, they exclude useful shape7based cues o r robust statistics about the appearance of larger re gions. The former is very important in recognizing objects and the latter can help average out the random variatio ns of individual pixels. Although the segment7based (or region7based) methods can avoid the problem of pixe l7 based methods, usually these segments do not captur e" 888 W2731947904.pdf 0 "RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access High intensity of Tunga penetrans infection causing severe disease among pigs in Busoga, South Eastern Uganda Francis Mutebi1, Jürgen Krücken2*, Hermann Feldmeier3, Charles Waiswa1, Norbert Mencke4, Wilfred Eneku1 and Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna2 Abstract Background: Towards the improvement of stakeholders ’awareness of animal tungiasis, we report 10 unusual severe clinical cases of pig tungiasis which were associated with very high infection intensities of T. penetrans in an endemic area. Results: Morbidity of ten pigs with high sand flea intensities detected during high transmission seasons in an endemic area in Busoga sub region, Uganda is described in detail. The cases of pigs presented with a very high number of embedded sand fleas (median = 276, range = 141 –838). Acute manifestations due to severe tungiasis included ulcerations ( n= 10), abscess formation ( n= 6) and lameness ( n= 9). Chronic morphopathological presentations were overgrowth of claws ( n= 5), lateral deviation of dew claws ( n= 6), detachment ( n= 5) or loss of dew claws ( n= 1). Treatment of severe cases with a topical insecticidal aerosol containing chlorfenvinphos, dichlorvos and gentian violet resolved acute morbidity and facilitated healing by re-epithelialisation. Conclusions: The presentations of tungiasis highlighted in this report show that high intensities of embedded T. penetrans can cause a severe clinical disease in pigs. Effective tungiasis preventive measures and early diagnosis for treatment could be crucial to minimize its effects on animal health. Keywords: Tunga penetrans , Pigs, Severe, Tungiasis, Uganda Background Tungiasis, a zoonotic parasitic dermatosis of humans and a wide range of domestic and wild mammals, is caused by the female penetrating sand flea, Tunga pene- trans . Currently, it is endemic in Latin America, the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa with a patchy distri- bution; mostly occurring in poor communities and often causing severe morbidity in both human and animals [1]. The disease is largely neglected in tropical human and veterinary medicine [2]. Pigs have been identified as the most important animal reservoirs of T. penetrans in sub-Saharan Africa. Frequently, they suffer from high parasite loads and severe morbidity [3, 4]. Most sand fleas localize on the coronary band and bulbs of thedigits [5 –7] but other body parts which contact or are close to the ground such as mammary glands, snout, legs, perineum and the tail may also be affected [1]. Proper and early diagnosis of tungiasis is essential for timely and appropriate treatment as well as con- trol in order to abate its effects on animal health. Studies focusing on the clinical presentations of tun- giasis and its significance to animal wellbeing and health are very limited. Consequently, many animal health workers, at least in the highly endemic areas in Uganda, are not aware of the clinical significance of tungiasis and often consider it an insignificant nuisance which hardly requires veterinary medical care (Mutebi, unpublished findings). Hence, many cases go unattended despite detrimental effects on public and animal health. The accruing losses may hamper economic development of impoverished com- munities located in endemic areas.* Correspondence: Juergen.Kruecken@fu-berlin.de 2Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Mutebi et al. BMC Veterinary Research (2017) 13:206 DOI 10.1186/s12917-017-1127-z" 889 W3153057266.pdf 1 "2 Abstract With th e advent of single-cell RNA sequ e ncing (scRNA-seq) technologies, th er e ha s been a spike in studies involving scRNA-seq of several tissues across diverse sp ecies including Drosophil a. Al though a few databases e xist for use rs to qu ery ge nes of inter est within t he scRNA-se q stu dies, search tools th at enable us ers to find or thologous gen es a nd their cell type-specific expr ession pa tt erns across species a re limited. H ere , we built a new sea rch dat a base, called DRscDB (https://www.flyrnai.org/tools/single_ce ll/web/) to address this need . DRscDB serves as a comprehensive r eposit ory for published scRNA-seq dat asets for Droso phil a and t he relevan t da tase ts from human and othe r model org anisms. DRscDB is based on manual curation of Drosophila scRN A-seq studies of various tissue types and th eir c orrespo nding analogous t issues in vert eb rates including zebrafish, mouse , and human . Of note , o ur search da tabas e provides most of th e litera tur e-derived marker genes, thus pres erving the o rigin al analysis of the published scR NA-seq da tase ts. DRscDB serves as a web-based user in terface tha t allow s users to mine, u tilize and comp are gen e expr ession da ta pert aining to scRN A-seq dat asets from th e published lit era tur e. 1. Introduction Advances in scRNA-seq t echnologies h ave enabl ed a systems-level unde rstanding of several tissues at single-cell r esoluti on across div erse species , resul ting in the d evelopme nt of tissue and cell “atlases” [1-3]. Although a vast majority of scRNA-seq studies have b een p erform ed in samples from mammals such as mice and humans, a substanti al number of studi es in less complex model o rganisms have genera ted a n immense volume of new transcrip tomic data at th e single-cell l evel. For ins tance, in the five years tha t have followed the ava ilability of microfluidics-based scRNA-seq platform, more than 20 scRNA-seq studies of various o rgans from Drosophila, an d across a rang e of developmen tal time points and condi tions, have b een publish ed [4]. Similarly, several o ther s tudies on a wide variety of species across th e evolutio nary tr ee hav e been publish ed and scRN A-seq is quickly replacing the mor e tradi tional bulk R NA-seq base d tra nscript omics approach. The ‘big data’ thus gene rat ed from myriad scRNA-seq studi es has trem endous po t ential to aid in the devel opment of algor ithms, sea rch t ools, and re posito ries th at will benefi t th e advancemen t of basic resea rch. Whils t some dat abases docum ent and compile scR NA-seq stud ies in on e port al (see Supplemen tary Table 1 for e xamples), m ost have caveats that limi t thei r use for c ross-species analysis of multiple tissu es. These includ e search da tabases that focus on on e species or tissue and incorpo rat e weak or no ort holog gene se arch capabili ty. Furth ermor e, cer tain da tab ases re-an alyze published scRNA-seq dat a befor e consuming it. Al t hough re-analysis may not change th e tr anscriptomic architec tur e of cell clusters, i t may change the st ructur e of the scR NA-seq map an d the set of top- enriched mark er genes as compa red wit h the original analysis published by the a uthors . More over, search dat abases that fe atur e scRNA-seq datase ts from multiple speci es to facilita te a cross-species survey of a given gene tend to work well for orthol ogous genes th at have t he sam e name (or keyword) in different speci es but might not map o r thologs with differen t names. Altoge the r , ther e is a need for comprehensive da tabas es tha t allow use rs to search gen es of inter est acr oss various scRNA-seq dat ase ts obtain ed from different sp ecies and pr es erve the outcomes of th e original publish ed analyses. . CC-BY 4.0 International license available under a(which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted January 31, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.29.428862doi: bioRxiv preprint" 890 W2799595321.pdf 4 "lowest level, respectively, to compare with Imam Khomeini hospital. The similar form can be observed about the indoor thoron, although no signi ficant differences were detected ( P¼0.56). The model indicated that the amount of radon in constructed buildings on soil with clayey gravel and sand feature, with a factor of 4.2 and a signi ficant difference, was more than those constructed on soil with clay texture and little pasty. On the other hand the coef ficient of thoron was minus (1.3) and a signi ficant difference was not observed. Generally with increased the soil porosity, the indoor radon and thoron concentrations increased 8.1 and 2.9 times, respectively. 2. Experimental design, materials and methods 2.1. Description of study area The radon and thoron concentrations were determined in three hospitals in Kermanshah, West part of Iran ( Fig. 2 ). Kermanshah is located in 34 °18′51″N4 7 °03′54″E with a cold semi-arid climate. The average temperature in summer and winter is 44.1 °C and −27°C, respectively, and the average annual temperature is 14.3 °C. The geological formation of the area mainly consists of radiolarites type sedimentary rows. It has upper Triassic to Cretaceous rocks including sediments from deep areas that among them sedimentary rows of radiolarites and carbonates along with ophiolite rocks were in the highest level [11]. Kermanshah sited in the high Zagros area which is surrounded by faults from north to south ( Fig. 3 ).Table 2 Multiple regression model determining the in fluence of geological and meteorological parameters on indoor radon and thoron concentration. Variable On radon On thoron Coef. [%95Conf. Interval] Coef. [%95Conf. Interval] Geographical location Imam Khomeini (ra) 1 1Taleghani −2.4 [ −16.2 –11.4] -0.1 [ −4.1–4] Imam Reza (AS) 7.8 *[2–13.6] 4.3 [0 –8.7] Soil type clay with a little pasty 1 1clayey gravel with sand 4.2 *[1 - 7.36] 1.3 [ −1.4 - 4] Soil porosity 8.1 [ −2.1–18.2] 2.9 [ −5.3–11.1] Indoor temprature 19 [ −183.5 –221.5] 44.2 *[30.3 –58] Outdoor temprature −17.2 [ −220.4 –186] −45.2 *[ −59.1 –−31.4] Indoor-Outdoor temperature differential −17.7 −223–187.6] −44.5 *[ −58.6 –-30.5] Indoor humidity −0.4 [ −7.3–6.6] −1.5 *[ −1.9–-1] Outdoor humidity 0.2 [ −5–5.4] 0.5 *[0.2 –0.9] Indoor pressure 0.5 [ −11.1–12] 0.5 [ −0.3–1.3] Outdoor pressure −0.6 [ −16–14.7] −1.9 *[ −2–-0.8] Windspeed −0.7 [ −3.3–1.8] −1* [ −1.1–-0.8] Rainfall −0.9 [ −3.3–1.4] −0.2 *[ −0.3–-0.02] *Statistically signi ficant.Table 1 Average concentration of radon and thoron. Hospital Radon level (Bq/m3) Thoron level (Bq/m3) Imam Khomeini (ra) 6.8 74.4 2.8 72.8 Taleghani 11.6 73.9 3.8 72.75 Imam Reza (AS) 13.7 74.3 4.64 74.84M. Pirsaheb et al. / Data in Brief 18 (2018) 1945 –1951 1949" 891 W4240297474.pdf 3 " 741 J.Th i-Qar Sci. Vol.5 (3) Dec./201 5 N719 and aggregation of N719 to ZnO NW surface introduce no change in crystalline structure of ZnO NW. 2- Current density -Voltage Characteristic Based on P3HT and P3HT mix 5% wt graphene for ZnO nanorod modified N719 as a working electrode explained in the figure 5 where the pristine P3HT, P3HT -G as HTM, as seen from the figures of I -V characteristic that P3HT -graphene better performance than pristine P3HT, due to graphene used to enrichment of P3HT and that will help decrease the internal resistivity. Furthermore, the performance of solar cells at 0.1 M Iodine represent best PCE as we see from the Table 1,and Figure 6 the best efficiencies for the optimum condition which are 0.1 M Iodine and P3HT - Graphe ne with ZnO nanorods modified N719 represent most efficient solid -state dye sensitive solar cells. Figures 4 , 5,and 6 display I -V characteristic of the photovoltaic devices. 4. Conclusions Recently, graphene , a single layer hexagonal lattice of carbon nanotube atoms, has recently emerged with conductive polymer for improving properties because graphene possesses a range of unusual properties therefore the efficiency increase for both designs when loading 5% w t graphene with P3HT as counter electrode (HTM), Table 1 shown increasing in efficiency and the efficiency for ZnO nanorod, as a working electrodes The better performance of solar cells with 0.1 M iodine as a solid electrolyte and P3HT - Graphene as HTM in s olid-state dye sensitive solar cells less performance than pristine P3HT because P3HT -graphene provide an intrinsic energy barrier which effectively suppresses charges recombination and increases the electron life time. In addition the Iodine has high elec trons provider to less electron lifetime. Acknowledgments We thank the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Iraq for its support of scientific researches through the Iraqi Virtual Science Library (IVSL). Figure 1: SEM images of ZnO nanorods. Figure 2: The optical absorption spectrum of the poly (3HT 5% wt) in the UV -visible -NIR range. Figure 3: The Optical Absorption spectrum of ZnO NW, ZnO NW/N719, and N719 solution. Figure 4: XRD spectrum of pristine N719 (red curve), N719 on ZnO NW arrays (black curve), and ITO (yellow). Figure 5: Current density vs. voltage measured on P3HT/ZnO nanowire arrays solid state dye for Pristine. " 892 W3134707686.pdf 2 "Rasha Ali Mohammad, Ahmad Al Manadili. The Diagnostic Role of P16ink4a in Detecting High-Risk HPV16 in a Group of Syrian Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci. 2021;8(1):1302-1307.1304 OPEN ACCESS https://scidoc .org/IJDOS.php density score by intensity one [17-19] . We can notice the pale nucleus staining and strong staining very obviously of HPVhr16 in (Figure 1), and the obvious brown staining of nucleus in basal layers only, (Figure 2). which both show the different expression appearance of HPVhr16 in immu-nohistochemical staining. Whereas staining of P16ink4a is seen either in the whole epithe - lium adjacent to NPC lesion, (Figure 3).Relation between HPVhr16 expression and P16ink4a stain - ingWhen we compared the percentage of positive expression of HPV and P16ink4a, we found that 50% of NPC patients who had positive expression of HPVhr 16, expressed positivity of P16ink4a, but patients who didn’t express positivity of the virus, had positive expression of P16ink4a in 50% of cases also. Only 9.9% of NPC patients who have the infection of HPVhr 16 expressed negative expression of P16ink4a, which means that expression of p16 didn’t give the purpose it was used for in these limitedcases, whereas 90.1% of NPC patients included in this study showed negative expression of both P16ink4a and HPV (Table 2). Discussion HPVHR 16 Expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma Since HPVhuman papilloma virus is involved in the etiology of Table 1. Expression of P16ink4a detected in 89 patients of NPC. Percentage Frequency Expression 9.0% 8 High 6.7% 6 Low 84.30% 75 Non Table 2. HPV expression *P16ink4a expression in 89 patients of NPC ur. P16ink4a Positive expression (high /low)Negative expression (no expression) expressionHPV HPV+ HPV- HPV+ HPV- frequency 4 4 8 73 percentage 50% 50% 9.90% 90.10% Figure 1. The localized staining of HPVhr16 antibody in the epithelium of NPC section, magnification ×40. Figure 2. Immunohistochemical Staining of HPVhr16, we can notice the nucleus staining is only obvious in the basal layers of epithelium peripheral to NPC lesion. Magnification ×10. " 893 W2971462308.pdf 0 "i Appendix 3. Forest plots of continuous outcomes presented in Table 3 of manuscript . Supplementary figure numbers correspond to the page number of appendix in which they can be found . Blood loss during delivery/operation Supplementary Figure 1. Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with any other uterotonic regimen for the operative blood loss with cesarean deliver y. Supplementary Figure 2. Forest plot of studies comparing carb etocin with any oxytocin regimen for the operative blood loss with cesarean delivery . Studies using different oxytocin regimens (intravenous push, infusion or combination) were combined together. Supplementary Figure 3. Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with oxytocin infusion regimens for the operative blood loss with cesarean delivery . Studies using intravenous infusion regimens of oxytocin (with or without initial intravenous push) were combined together. Supplementary Figure 4. Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with standard oxytocin regimens for the operative blood loss with cesarean delivery . Studies using standard oxytocin regimens (intravenous push or intramuscular injection) were combined together. Supplementary Figure 5. Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with any other uterotonic regimen for the blood loss with vaginal delivery . Supplementary Figure 6. Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with syntometrine for the blood loss with vaginal delive ry. Supplementary Figure 7. Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with any oxytocin regimen for the blood loss with vaginal delivery . Hemoglobin drop after delivery Supplementary Figure 8 . Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with any other uterotonic for the hemoglobin drop with cesarean delivery . Supplementary Figure 9 . Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with any oxytocin regimen for the hemoglobin drop with cesarean delivery . Supplementary Figure 10 . Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with oxytocin infusion regimens for the hemoglobin drop with cesarean delivery . Supplementary Figure 11 . Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with standard oxytocin regimens for the hemoglobin drop with cesarean delivery . Supplementary Figure 12 . Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with any other uterotonic for the hemoglobin drop with vaginal delivery . Supplementary Figure 13 . Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with syntometrine for the hemoglobin drop with vaginal delivery . Supplementary Figure 14 . Forest plot of studies comparing carbetocin with any oxytocin regimen for the hemoglobin drop with vaginal deliver" 894 W2103605221.pdf 8 "33. Wan Y, Xu J, Ma D, Zeng Y, Cibelli M, et al. (2007) Postoperative impairment of cognitive function in rats: a possible role for cytokine-mediated inflammation in the hippocampus. Anesthesiology 106: 436–43. 34. Myles PS, Daly D, Silvers A, Cairo S (2009) Prediction of neurological outcome using bispectral index monitoring in patients with severe ischemic-hypoxic brain injury undergoing emergency surgery. Anesthesiology 110: 1106–1115.35. Terrando N, Monaco C, Ma D, Foxwell BM, Feldmann M, et al. (2010) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha triggers a cytokine cascade yielding postoperative cognitivedecline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 20518–22.RCT of Optimised Anaesthesia to Reduce POCD PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 9 June 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 6 | e37410" 895 W4313640004.pdf 22 "SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CORRELATIONS IN NEURAL … PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH 5, 013005 (2023) where P({σ},t+τ|{S},t) is conditional probability of finding the system in configuration {σ}at time t+τ, given that it was in configuration {S}at time t. Since the conditional probability obeys the same master equation, we have d dτ/angbracketleftSi(t)Sj(t+τ)/angbracketright=/angbracketleft Si(t)(1−2Sj(t+τ))w(Sj(t+τ))/angbracketright. (B7) Substituting the explicit form of the transition rates and summing over all configurations, we get the following coupled equations for the first moment [ 36–40]: d dt/angbracketleftSi/angbracketright(t)=α1−(α1+α2)/angbracketleftSi/angbracketright+β1/angbracketleftBigg/summationdisplay l;l→iSl/angbracketrightBigg +(β2−β1)/angbracketleftBigg Si/summationdisplay l;l→iSl/angbracketrightBigg . (B8) Here,/summationtext l;l→iSldenotes the sum of states of units directly connected to unit i. Subtracting the mean δSi=Si−/angbracketleftSi/angbracketright, we find the time-evolution equation for equal-time correlation as d dt/angbracketleftδSi(t)δSj(t)/angbracketright=− 2(α1+α2)/angbracketleftδSiδSj/angbracketright+β1⎛ ⎝/angbracketleftBigg/summationdisplay l;l→iδSl·δSj/angbracketrightBigg +/angbracketleftBigg δSi/summationdisplay l;l→jδSl/angbracketrightBigg⎞ ⎠ +(β2−β1)⎛ ⎝/angbracketleftBigg δSi/summationdisplay l;l→iδSlδSj/angbracketright+/angbracketleftδSiδSj/summationdisplay l;l→jδSl/angbracketrightBigg⎞ ⎠, here i/negationslash=j. (B9) Substituting the explicit form of transition rates into the time-evolution of time-delayed quadratic moment, we find the time- evolution equation for autocorrelation d dτ/angbracketleftδSi(t)δSi(t+τ)/angbracketright=− (α1+α2)/angbracketleftBigg δSi(t)δSi(t+τ)/angbracketright+β1/angbracketleftδSi(t)/summationdisplay l;l→iδSl(t+τ)/angbracketrightBigg +(β2−β1)⎛ ⎝/angbracketleftBigg δSi(t)δSi(t+τ)/summationdisplay l;l→iδSl(t+τ)/angbracketrightBigg⎞ ⎠ (B10) and the time-evolution equation for the time-delayed cross-correlation d dτ/angbracketleftδSi(t)δSj(t+τ)/angbracketright=− (α1+α2)/angbracketleftδSi(t)δSj(t+τ)/angbracketright+β1/angbracketleftBigg δSi(t)/summationdisplay l;l→jδSl(t+τ)/angbracketrightBigg +(β2−β1)⎛ ⎝/angbracketleftBigg δSi(t)δSj(t+τ)/summationdisplay l;l→jδSl(t+τ)/angbracketrightBigg⎞ ⎠, here i/negationslash=j. (B11) APPENDIX C: TIME EVOLUTION OF A VERAGED CORRELATION FUNCTIONS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL For the two-dimensional models with nearest-neighbor connectivity, the steady state equation for equal-time cross-correlation function is given by C2(x1,x2)=β1 α1+α2[C2(x1−a,x2)+C2(x1+a,x2)+C2(x1,x2+a)+C2(x1,x2−a)+C2(x1+a,x2+a) +C2(x1+a,x2−a)+C2(x1−a,x2+a)+C2(x1−a,x2−a)+(δx1,0δx2,a+δx1,0δx2,−a+δx1,−aδx2,0 +δx1,aδx2,0+δx1,aδx2,a+δx1,aδx2,−a+δx1,−aδx2,a+δx1,−aδx2,−a)A(0)]. (C1) The time-evolution equation for the time-delayed cross-correlation function is τ0d dtC2(x1,x2,t)=−C2(x1,x2,t)+β1 α1+α2[C2(x1−a,x2,t)+C2(x1,x2−a,t)+C2(x1+a,x2,t)+C2(x1,x2+a,t) +C2(x1+a,x2+a,t)+C2(x1+a,x2−a,t)+C2(x1−a,x2+a,t)+C2(x1−a,x2−a,t) +(δx1,0δx2,a+δx1,0δx2,−a+δx1,−aδx2,0+δx1,aδx2,0+δx1,aδx2,a+δx1,aδx2,−a+δx1,−aδx2,a+δx1,−aδx2,−a)A2(t)]. (C2) The time-evolution equation for the average autocorrelation function is τ0d dtA2(t)=−A2(t)+β1 α1+α2[4C2(a,a,t)+2C2(a,0,t)+2C2(0,a,t)]. (C3) 013005-23" 896 W4200100058.pdf 5 "Pharmacy 2021 ,9, 196 6 of 9 3.2. Economic Impact 3.2.1. Cost Avoidance The potential cost avoidance per month resulting from all the interventions made by the palliative care pharmacy team was GBP 61,824 (see Table 6). When adjusted to include the cost avoidance from only those patients who were not at the end of life (33%; Table 3), the estimated cost avoidance was GBP 20,402/month. Table 6. Estimated ScHARR cost avoidance each month for interventions by palliative care pharmacy service. Eadon GradeMean Number of Interventions per Month per GradeScHARR Cost Avoidance (Taken as Mid-Point of Range, GBP)Total Estimated Cost Avoidance per Month per Grade (GBP) 3 65.4 3 196 4 348.8 108 37,670 5 21.8 1099 23,958 Total Estimated Cost Avoidance GBP 61,824/month Total Estimated Cost Avoidance Adjusted for Patients notat end of life (i.e., 33%) GBP 20,402/month The potential future cost avoidance resulting from one full-time palliative care phar- macist was then estimated (see Table 7). The findings indicated that one pharmacist could review 45 patients per month. The data collected found a mean of 6.8 interventions per month. To prevent over estimation, this was rounded down to six interventions per month. The potential cost avoidance per month for one full-time equivalent pharmacist was esti- mated to be GBP 38,287, and following adjustment for those patients not at the end of life (33%), the cost avoidance was GBP 12,635/month. Table 7. Prediction of potential ScHARR cost avoidance associated with palliative care pharmacist interventions for one full-time equivalent pharmacist. Anticipated Mean no. Patients per Month = 45 (for 1 Full-Time Equivalent Pharmacist) Estimated No. Interventions/Patient = 6.8 (Rounded Down to Nearest Whole Number = 6) Eadon Grade% of Total Interventions/MonthAnticipated Number of Interventions per MonthScHARR Cost Avoidance (Taken as Mid-Point of Range, GBP)Total Potential Cost Avoidance (GBP) 3 15 40.5 3 122 4 80 216 108 23,328 5 5 13.5 1099 14,837 Total Potential Cost Avoidance GBP 38,287/month Total Potential Cost Avoidance Adjusted for Patients notat end of life (i.e.,33%) GBP 12,635/month 3.2.2. Length of Stay There were 78 patients reviewed by the pharmacy service between June and July. Twenty-five percent of these patients ( n= 20) had their length of stay in the hospital documented. One hundred and nineteen palliative patients were not reviewed by the pharmacy service, but were in hospital during the same time period. Twenty-five percent of these patients ( n= 30) had their length of stay in the hospital documented. The data illustrated in Table 8 indicate that those palliative care patients who were reviewed by a palliative care pharmacist had a shorter length of stay compared with those patients with no palliative care pharmacist involvement (8.75 days versus 10 days). The difference was greater for those patients who were discharged from hospital (7.9 days versus 11.8 days)." 897 W4385717868.pdf 14 "Page 15/16 Figure 2 Optimal cut-off and comparison of univariate ROC curve analysis. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; ROC, receiver operating characteristic. A. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis for anti- β 2GP" 898 W4293262509.pdf 0 "Toward a Risk Assessment Model Based on Multi-Agent System for Cloud Consumer Authors : Saadia Drissi Abstract : The cloud computing is an innovative paradigm that introduces several changes in technology that have resulted a new ways for cloud providers to deliver their services to cloud consumers mainly in term of security risk assessment, thus, adapting a current risk assessment tools to cloud computing is a very difficult task due to its several characteristics that challenge the effectiveness of risk assessment approaches. As consequence, there is a need of risk assessment model adapted to cloud computing. This paper requires a new risk assessment model based on multi-agent system and AHP model as fundamental steps towards the development of flexible risk assessment approach regarding cloud consumers. Keywords : cloud computing, risk assessment model, multi-agent system, AHP model, cloud consumer Conference Title : ICCETA 2014 : International Conference on Cloud Engineering: Theory and Applications Conference Location : Paris, France Conference Dates : June 26-27, 2014 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Computer and Information Engineering Vol:8, No:6, 2014Open Science Index, Computer and Information Engineering Vol:8, No:6, 2014 waset.org/abstracts/10205 ISNI:0000000091950263 International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 8(6) 2014 1" 899 W2902435334.pdf 13 "location of one of them was sampled again. Features tested were: Transcriptional start sites (TSSs), transcrip- tional termination sites (TTSs), exons, and introns. TSSs and TTSs are considered to be the 500 bp upstream and downstream of coding regions respectively. The reason for the proposed novel resampling scheme is that, if the size and distribution of genomic features and hotspots were not taken into account, it would set unrealistic expectations for the overlap between features under a null model of no association. In this sense, the null model would be inappropriate and potentially in- flate the false positive rate. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at https://doi.org/10. 1186/s12864-020-6746-2 . Additional file 1: Table S1. The median of the upper and lower bounds of the 95% Credibility Interval for the trace of estimates of r(in cM/Mb) from all positions in the genome are presented for each population (i.e. Position L95 and Position U95). The upper and lower bounds of the 95% probability interval for the median estimate of rfor each population is also presented (i.e. Genome L95 and Genome U95). The quotients of the upper and lower bounds for each of the two intervals point to a much larger genome-wide variation in rthan per- position variation in the trace for the estimate of r.Table S2. Mean and median genome-wide recombination rates ( r) in cM/Mb for all ten T. ca- caopopulations obtained using LDhat with θ= 0.001. Table S3. Name of T. cacao gene coding for FIGL-1 and FLIP and amino acid mutations for FIGL-1 and FLIP orthologs. Table S4. Average hotspot size (in kb) and count for hotspots detected in each population and average for all popu- lations. The quotient of the average recombination rate within hotspots and the average genome-wide recombination rate is reported for each population. Table S5. Sample size and post-filtering SNP count for all ten populations of Theobroma cacao for which recombination maps were generated. The proportion of the genome that is callable is also reported. We also include the geographic location of the population and whether it is a domesticated variety. Table S6. Pairwise F STvalues for the ten populations of Theobroma cacao. Values from Cornejo et al. (2018) [ 35]. Figure S1. Drift tree constructed using treemix [ 80] for the 10 T. cacao populations. Distances between populations are based on the drift par- ameter. Modified from Cornejo et al. (2018) [ 35].Figure S2. Distribution oflog 10recombination rates ( log 10(r)) along the genomes of the ten T. ca- caopopulations. The sample size (N) is reported for each population. Fig- ure S3 . The left panel shows the frequency of individuals that are homozygous for the alternative allele of amino acid mutations in a T. ca- caoFLIP ortholog. Alternative allele is defined in terms of the Amelonado reference genome. The right panel shows the log etransformed recombin- ation rates ( r). The populations are in the same order in both panels. Fig- ure S4. Example of the window layout for a 10,750 SNP chromosome. The 2000 SNP long windows are represented by alternating horizontal and vertical lines and the overlaps between them are represented by square crosshatches. Braces above the chromosome indicate the regions from which recombination rates are extracted to generate the chromosome-wide recombination rates. Abbreviations TSSs: Transcriptional start sites; TTSs: Transcriptional termination sites; LD: Linkage disequilibrium; TEs: Transposable elements; SNPs: Single nucleotide polymorphisms; r: Recombination rate; N e: Effective population size; 4N er: Effective recombination rate; OU: Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Noe Higinbotham endowment and the WSU College of Arts and Science for travel funds to EJS to present earlier versions of this work. We would like to thank the Kamiak High PerformanceComputing Cluster at WSU for the infrastructure support to run the analyses, and the Cornejo, Kelley, and Busch labs at WSU for feedback and edits on the manuscript. Authors ’contributions OEC designed the experiments with contribution from JCM. EJS and OEC performed analyses. EJS wrote the manuscript with contribution from OEC. All authors reviewed the manuscript. The authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding EJS received Noe Higinbotham endowment and the WSU College of Arts and Science for travel funds to EJS to present earlier versions of this work. Startup funds for OEC were used for analysis infrastructure. Availability of data and materials Rate and summary files from LDhat runs as well as hotspots for each population along with scripts for LDhat and LDhot runs, the resampling schemes used, and additional analyses is available in the following github repository: https://github.com/ejschwarzkopf/recombination-map . Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Author details 1School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.2Universal Genetic Solutions, LLC, Miami, USA. Received: 10 February 2020 Accepted: 21 April 2020 References 1. Felsenstein J. The evolutionary advantage of recombination. Genetics. 1974; 78:737 –56. 2. Begun DJ, Aquadro CF. Levels of naturally occurring DNA polymorphism correlate with recombination rates in D. melanogaster . Nature. 1992;356. https://doi.org/10.1038/356519a0 . 3. Akhunov E, Goodyear A, Geng S, Qi L, Echalier B, Gill B, Gustafson J, Lazo G, Chao S, Anderson O, et al. The organization and rate of evolution of wheat genomes are correlated with recombination rates along chromosome arms. Genome Res. 2003;13:753 –63.https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.808603 . 4. 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Gore MA, Chia J-M, Elshire RJ, Sun Q, Ersoz ES, Hurwitz BL, Peiffer JA, Mcmullen MD, Grills GS, Ross-Ibarra J, et al. A first-generation haplotype map of maize. Science. 2009;326:1115 –7.https://doi.org/10.1126/science. 1177837 . 10. Schnable P, Ware D, Fulton R, Stein J, Wei F, Pasternak S, Liang C, Zhang J, Graves L, Minx T, et al. The B73 maize genome: complexity, diversity, and dynamics. Science. 2009;326:1112 –5.https://doi.org/10.1126/science. 1178534 .Schwarzkopf et al. BMC Genomics (2020) 21:332 Page 14 of 16" 900 W1531885424.pdf 18 "© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited." 901 W3121461358.pdf 4 "In conclusion, this first case demonstrates the feasibil- ity of the SETA MUG device design in which in-situ fen- estration of the stent graft membrane can be performed to treat aortic dissection with persistent false lumen flow. Pending further studies, this may soon become a new option in the endovascular therapy for patients with chronic abdominal aortic dissection such as our patient,as well as those patient anatomies with difficult landing zones (short and/or conical necks, etc.) or those with type1 A endoleaks, who might otherwise require fenes- trated stent grafts or fenestrated cuffs. Larger studies with longer follow-up are essential to fully evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this technology and the need of possible secondary procedures. Approved by Leben Clinic ethics committee. Informed consent Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publications of this case report and any accompanying images. Authors' contributions HB wrote the paper and performed the surgery; GG and FC performed the surgery; HB made the devices used; AV performed all CT angiography studies and BB wrote a part of the paper. Dr T Maldonado collaborated in the writing of the paper. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript. Funding This study was not supported by any funding. Availability of data and materials all data related to the MUG device are property of the company Latecba. SA. Ethics approval All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institucional and / or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Consent for Publication Consent for publication was obtained for every individual person´s data included in the study. Competing interests Dr Bertoni is a consultant to Latecba. SA. Author details 1Department of Interventional Radiology, Fleni Institute, Buenos Aires University, Caba, Argentina.2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Laben, Rio Negro, Argentina.3Latecba, SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.4Department of Interventional Radiology, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Canada. 5Department of Vascular Surgery, NYU University, New York, USA. Received: 15 November 2020 Accepted: 19 January 2021 REFERENCES 1. KölbelT,TsilimparisN,WipperS,Larena-AvellanedaA,DienerH,CarpenterSW,etal. TEVAR for chronic aortic dissection. Is covering the primary entry tear enough?J Cardiovasc Surg2014;55:519 –527. 2. Rosset E, Ben Ahmed S, Galvaing G, Favre JP, Sessa C, Lermusiaux P,etal. (ed) ’schoice- hybridtreatmentofthoracic,thoracoabdominal,andabdominalaorticaneurysms: amulti-centerretrospectivestudy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014;47:470 –478 3. Marques de MarinoP,OikonomouK,VerhoevenE,KatsargysA.Techniques and Outcomes of Secondary Endovascular Repair for Post-disection TAA/TAAA.J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)2018Dec;59(6):767 –774. 4. Andersen N, Keenan J, Ganapathi A, Gaca J, McCann R, Hughes G (2014) Current management and outcome of chronic type B aortic dissection: results with open and endovascular repair since the advent of thoracic endografting. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 3:264 –274 5. Spear R, Sobocinski J, Settembre N, Tyrrell MR, Malikov S, Maurel B (2016) etal.Early experience of endovascular repair of post- dissection aneurysms involving the thoraco-abdominal aorta and the arch. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 51:488 –497 Fig. 4 Eight months follow-up. aAxial contrast-enhanced image showing the left renal branch without re- stenosis and decrease in size of the residual aneurysmal sac. b3D reconstruction showing patency of all abdominal aortic branches as well as both hypogastric arteriesBertoni et al. CVIR Endovascular (2021) 4:19 Page 5 of 6" 902 W2901969700.pdf 13 "Remote Sens. 2018 ,10, 1823 14 of 23 15.2%. The latter value is similar to the RMSE between KazVodKhoz data and the L7/MOD irrigated areas (16.0%, Table 2). At the Kazakh side of the Chu basin the determined annual irrigated areas are in general very consistent with available KazVodKhoz data (Figure 8). The RMSE between the two datasets for the period 2010–2015 is 47 km2, which represents about 5% of the annual irrigated areas (Table 2). However, the error is much larger for the year 2016, where the calculated acreages overestimate the reference data by 365 km2or 59%. Table 2. Summary error and uncertainty statistics of annual irrigated areas derived from the L7/MOD product. ‘Buffer’ represents the mean uncertainty that is due to the uncertainty in optimal buffer widths around image training regions. The values in columns ‘L7/MYD’ and ‘L7/L8/S2’ represent the RMSE of the two products with respect to L7/MOD. ‘KazVodKhoz’ are data provided by the Zhambyl branch of the Republican State Enterprise with the same name and the values here represent the RMSE with respect to L7/MOD annual irrigated areas. Buffer 2000–2017 L7/MYD 2003–2017 L7/L8/S2 2013–2017 KazVodKhoz 2010–2016 Talas (KYG) 1.4% 1.8% 2.3% - Talas (KAZ) 2.7% 4.5% 15.2% 16.0% Talas 1.8% 2.6% 4.2% - Chu (KYG) 2.7% 1.5% 1.7% - Chu (KAZ) 4.5% 8.2% 5.0% 16.9% * Chu 2.9% 3.7% 2.0% - * KazVodKhoz 2010–2015: 5.1%. 5.2. Classification of Irrigated Areas Using the boundaries of the administrative divisions, we calculate the development of irrigated areas at national levels (Figures 8 and 9). Over the assessment period, the mean irrigated area in the Talas Basin is 2038 km2and 3840 km2in the Chu Basin, respectively (Table 3). 0200040006000Irrigated Area [km²] 200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017Total (L7/MYD) Total (L7/MOD) Total (L7/L8/S2) Kyrgyzstan (L7/MYD) Kyrgyzstan (L7/MOD) Kyrgyzstan (L7/L8/S2) Kazakhstan (L7/MYD) Kazakhstan (L7/MOD) Kazakhstan (L7/L8/S2) Kazakhstan (KazVodKhoz)0 100 200 300 400 500 Precipitation [mm]Kyrgyzstan (pre-season) Kyrgyzstan (in-season) Kazakhstan (pre-season) Kazakhstan (in-season) Figure 8. Development of irrigated area and corresponding total seasonal precipitation time series (CHIRPS dataset) in the Chu River Basin and the riparian sections for the years 2000–2017. L7/MOD, L7/MYD and L7/L8/S2 are the different multi-sensor classification products. Error bars represent the standard deviation in results obtained with training regions buffered by 2000 m–6000 m (Figure 3). ’KazVodKhoz’ are data provided by the Zhambyl branch of the Republican State Enterprise with the same name. For the Kyrgyz part of the Talas basin, we identify a robust increasing trend in irrigated areas over time that is highly significant (at the 0.001 level, see Table 3). The trend indicates that since the year 2000, irrigated areas are on average increasing by 14.5 km2per year, which corresponds to a total" 903 W4362240421.pdf 1 "Supplementary Table 2. Association of serglycin expression and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with NPC Characteristic Number Serglycin expression level P value (Chi- square test) High Low Gender Male 199 90 109 0.187 Female 64 35 29 Age ≤ 46 133 65 68 0.659 > 46 130 60 70 T stage T1-2 100 48 52 0.905 T3-4 163 77 86 N stage N0-1 160 71 89 0.202 N2-3 103 54 49 Clinical staging I-II 65 30 35 0.798 III-IV 198 95 103 Death Yes 102 55 47 0.098 No 161 70 91 Disease progression Yes 57 35 22 0.018 No 206 90 116 Distant metastasis Yes 38 26 12 0.005 No 225 99 126 Loco-regional relapse Yes 20 10 10 0.818 No 243 115 128 " 904 W4396666201.pdf 7 "Foods 2024 ,13, 1417 8 of 15 Foods 2024 , 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 17 Figure 3. ACN suppressed oxidative stress and oxidativ e stress-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. H9c2 cells were initially treated with H 2O2 and subsequently exposed to di fferent concentrations of ACN (0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 µM). ( A) Cell viability assessed by CCK8 assay. ( B,C) Intracellular ROS levels. ( D,E) Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis. ( F,G) Transmission electron microscopy images of cellular mitochondria, showing the proportion of abnormal mito chondria to total mitochondria. (H–J) Expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins in cells, as well as the ratio of BAX/Bcl-2 expression level. **: p < 0.01, *** (###): p < 0.001, **** (####): p < 0.0001. p-values for differences between cohorts in mean scores in tests are based on analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). 3.3. RNA-seq Reveals That the Antioxidant E ffect of ACN Operates through the PTEN-Akt Pathway Through the aforementioned experiments, we observed that ACN exhibits signi ficant antioxidative e ffects on H9c2 cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its actions remain unclear. RNA-seq can be used to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of drugs. Therefore, we divided H9c2 cells into four groups for mRNA-seq analysis: the control group (CK), the hydrogen peroxide-treated group (H 2O2), the anthocyanin-treated group (ACN), and the group treated with anthocyanin combined with hydrogen peroxide (ACN + H 2O2). The gene expression levels of each group are illustrated in Figure 4A. Subsequently, hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted for each group, as shown in Figure 4B, indi cating alterations in the expression pa tterns of genes across groups. Following this, we conducted KEGG functional annotation and pathway analysis on these di fferentially expressed genes and generated metabolic Figure 3. ACN suppressed oxidative stress and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. H9c2 cells were initially treated with H 2O2and subsequently exposed to different concentrations of ACN (0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 µM). ( A) Cell viability assessed by CCK8 assay. ( B,C) Intracellular ROS levels. ( D,E) Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis. ( F,G) Transmission electron microscopy images of cellular mitochondria, showing the proportion of abnormal mitochondria to total mito- chondria. ( H–J) Expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins in cells, as well as the ratio of BAX/Bcl-2 expression level. **: p< 0.01, *** (###): p< 0.001, **** (####): p< 0.0001. p-values for differences between cohorts in mean scores in tests are based on analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Cellular oxidative stress damage is often associated with apoptosis. Therefore, we assessed the anti-apoptotic capability of ACN in the H9c2 cellular oxidative stress model using flow cytometry, as depicted in Figure 3D,E. We observed that ACN significantly reduced H9c2 cell apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. Given the mitochondria-related nature of apoptosis, we investigated the mitochondrial status in cells from each group using transmission electron microscopy (Figure 3D). The results revealed that oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide led to mitochondrial vacuolization in H9c2 cells, with abnormal mitochondria accounting for over 60% of the total mitochondrial population. Supplementation with ACN significantly decreased the proportion of abnormal mitochondria in cells (Figure 3F). Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins within cells, including BAX, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 (Figure 3H–J). We found that ACN supplementation dose-dependently reduced the levels of the apoptosis proteins BAX and cleaved caspase-3 induced by oxidative stress" 905 W4385849969.pdf 2 "Volume 8, Issue 7, July – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No: -2456 -2165 IJISRT2 3JUL2403 www.ijisrt.com 2677 and Copper Sulphate (CuSO4), Ammonium Mole date (NH4) 6Mo7O24). EC was maintained at standard level. According to growth stage of the plant, fertilizer requireme nt was calculated .  Other than that, all the Management Practices were done According to the Recommendation for the Tomato .  Leaf Color Comparison  By using Leaf Color Chart Leaf color was measured and compared among five treatments. Using the RHS color chart gives the standard references for recording plant colors which are developed by ‘Royal Horticultural Society’.  By using Image J Software All leaves from each plant were laid on a white background to ensure that the photograph would have only two col ors with the highest contrast. It is also mandatory that no other object appear in the photograph because they may be mistakenly included as part of leaves. For this study, all leaves were placed with the upper side facing upward while capturing no flash was used. All the photographs were taken inside a dark room and so a white light was used. In that case a fluorescent lamp of 100 watts bulb was used. All this, in order to get the same light conditions to all the photographs. Then photographs were c aptured and fed to the software to measure color intensity. III. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The experiment was a completely randomized design with five Nitrogen treatments. the five treatments were, T1 - complete nutrient solution with excess Nitrogen, T2 - complete nutrient solution with optimum Nitrogen level. and T3 (critical) , T4, and T5 treatments were the complete nutrient solutions with dearth Nitrogen levels. Ten plants were all ocated for each treatment. Data entering and analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. Data was analyzed using SAS software. All the parametric data was analyzed by using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) . Mean separation by Duncan’s multiple tests . IV. DISCUSSION Table 1 Table of Leaf Color Chart Results Considering leaf color chart results, in 5th, 6th and 7th weeks, colors of the T4 and T5 were belongs to yellow green group and other colors were belongs to green group. However, use of visible green color -based detection of the least deficient (12.5%, les ser than optimum) N in T3 could be done only at the 7th week. ( Table 1 ). Week 1,2 and 3 were showed green group colors and it was difficult to identified. Week 02 Week 03 Week 04 Week 05 Week 06 Week 07 T1 Strong yellow green color Strong yellow green color Strong yellow green color Moderate olive green Moderate olive green Moderate olive green T2 Strong yellow green color Strong yellow green color Strong yellow green color Moderate olive green Moderate olive green Moderate olive green T3 Strong yellow green color Strong yellow green color Strong yellow green color Moderate olive green Strong yellow green A Brilliant yellow Green Yellow green group T4 Strong yellow green color Strong yellow green color Strong yellow green color Moderate yellow green Yellow green group Strong yellow green B Yellow green group Strong greenish yellow b Yellow green group T5 Strong yellow green color Strong yellow green color Strong yellow green color Moderate yellow green Yellow green group Strong yellow green B Yellow green group Strong greenish yellow Yellow green group" 906 W2928738543.pdf 8 "Acknowledgments. The authors wish to acknowledge the services of the Lifelines cohort study, the contributing research centers delivering data toLifelines and all the study participants. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Financial support. During the first six months, this work was supported by the University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen as part of PhD thesis and later, it was supported by a NWO STAR travel grant from theUniversity of Groningen. For the remaining work, this research received no spe- cific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. References Almasy, L., & Blangero, J. (1998). Multipoint quantitative-trait linkage analysis in general pedigrees. The American Journal of Human Genetics , 62, 1198 –1211. Almasy, L., & Blangero, J. (2010). Variance component methods for analysis of complex phenotypes. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols ,2010, pdb-top77. Almgren, P., Bendahl, P., Bengtsson, H., Hössjer, O., & Perfekt, R. (2003). 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Obesity ,16, 2323 –2330.12 Nino Demetrashvili et al . https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2019.1 Published online by Cambridge University Press" 907 W2929914955.pdf 4 "Toxins 2019 ,11, 204 5 of 12 Toxins 2019, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW   6 of 14    (a)   (b)   Figure 5. Sequence  alignments  of the full‐length open‐reading frames of prepro‐ranatensin ‐HLa and  the precursors  with the highest sequence  homology  in the bioinformatic  analysis using NCBI‐BLAST  nucleotide  and protein database.  (a) Ranatensin ‐HLa ORF and a bombesin ‐like peptide (odorranain ‐ BLP‐4) precursor  (Odorrana  grahami ) (Accession  number: DQ836112.1)  showed 92% of sequence   identity; (b) Ranatensin ‐HLa ORF and a bombesin  (bombesin ‐OS) precursor  (Odorrana  schmackeri )  (Accession  number: ATP61827.1)  showed 90% of sequence  identity.  2.3. Pharmacological  Effects of Ranatensin ‐HLa on Rat Smooth Muscles  The purified synthetic  replicates  of ranatensin ‐HLa were used to assess the biological  activities   on isolated bladder and uterus muscle strips, in which it exhibited  pacific pharmacological  activities   on stimulating  contraction  of bladder and enhancing  the periodicity  of spontaneously  contractive   activity of uterus with EC 50 values of 7.1 nM and 5.5 nM in a dose‐dependent  manner (Figure 6).  40 Odorranain-BLP-4 40 Ranatensin-HLa Consensus aA A tT T gG G aA A cC C tT T gG G cC CA G gG G tT T tT T cC C cC C tT T gG G cC C cC C aA A tT T cC C aA A gG G aA A aA A tT T cC C cC C tT T gG G cC C cC C cC C aA A tT T tT T gG G gG GC G tT T 80 Odorranain-BLP-4 80 Ranatensin-HLa Consensus tT T cC C cC C tT T gG G gG GC G tT T aA A tT T tT T cC C tT T gG G cC C tT T gG G cC C tT T cC C tT T tT T cC C tT T cC C cC CG A tT T cC C aA A tT T cC C tT T cC C cC C cC C gG G cC C tT T cC C 120 Odorranain-BLP-4 120 Ranatensin-HLa Consensus tT T gG G tT T tT T tT T gG G cC C gG G tT TG A gG G aA AG T tT T tT T cC C aA AT C gG G gG G aA A aA A gG G aA A tT T gG G cC C tT T gG G gG G aA A aA A aA A aA A cC C tT T aA A gG G aA A cC C 160 Odorranain-BLP-4 160 Ranatensin-HLa Consensus aA A aA A aA A aA A tT T cC C gG G aA A tT T gG G cC C gG G tT T tT T tT T cC C gG G gG G aA A gG G aA A gG GC A aA A gG G cC C aA A cC C aA A aA A aA AG AA T gG GA GG AT G aA A tT T cC C 200 Odorranain-BLP-4 200 Ranatensin-HLa Consensus gG G aA A gG G cC C aA A cC C cC C tT T cC C aA AT G tT T gG G gG G gG G cC C aA AA G tT T tT T gG G gG G aA A cC C aA A cC C tT T tT T cC C aA A tT T gG G gG G gG G tT T aA A aA A gG G aA A aA A 219 Odorranain-BLP-4 219 Ranatensin-HLa Consensus gG G aA A gG G cC C cC C tT TG A cC C aA AG A gG G aA A aA A gG G aA A tT T tT T aA A gG G 40 Bombesin-OS 40 Ranatensin-HLa Consensus mM M tT T aA A vV V pP P aA A iI I rR R iI I lL L pP PV I gG G fF F lL L gG G iI I lL L lL L lL L fF F sS SV I iI I sS S rR R sS S vV V cC C vV VE D fF FA T eE E dD D aA A gG G kK K lL L dD D 72 Bombesin-OS 72 Ranatensin-HLa Consensus kK K iI I dD D aA A fF F rR R rR R eE E aA A qQ Q nN NT GY D rR R aA A pP P qQ Q wW W aA A vV V gG G hH HL F mM M gG G kK K kK K sS S lL L qQ Q eE E dD D Figure 5. Sequence alignments of the full-length open-reading frames of prepro-ranatensin-HLa and the precursors with the highest sequence homology in the bioinformatic analysis using NCBI-BLAST nucleotide and protein database. ( a) Ranatensin-HLa ORF and a bombesin-like peptide (odorranain-BLP-4) precursor (Odorrana grahami ) (Accession number: DQ836112.1) showed 92% of sequence identity; ( b) Ranatensin-HLa ORF and a bombesin (bombesin-OS) precursor ( Odorrana schmackeri ) (Accession number: ATP61827.1) showed 90% of sequence identity . 2.3. Pharmacological Effects of Ranatensin-HLa on Rat Smooth Muscles The purified synthetic replicates of ranatensin-HLa were used to assess the biological activities on isolated bladder and uterus muscle strips, in which it exhibited pacific pharmacological activities on stimulating contraction of bladder and enhancing the periodicity of spontaneously contractive activity of uterus with EC 50values of 7.1 nM and 5.5 nM in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 6). Toxins 2019 , 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 14 (a) (b) Figure 6. Myotropic effects of synthetic ranatensin -HLa on isolated smooth muscle preparations from rat bladder and uterus. ( a) Dose -response curve of the effectiveness of ranatensin-HLa on bladder smooth muscle s (EC 50 = 7.1 nM ); (b) Dose -response curve of the effec tiveness of ranatensin-HLa on uterus smooth muscle s (EC 50 = 5.5 nM ). Five determinations were conducted for the generation of each data point. 3. Discussion In recent years, natural drug discovery has been intensified and extended to structurally - and func tionally -diverse compounds of amphibian origin. In reality, since ancient times, amphibian - derived substances have been applied for many conditions; for instance, the skin secretion of poison - dart frogs have been used for the purpose of effective hunting b y Native Americans up to the present [26,27] , and Chan Su, processed from the dried skin secretion of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider with the efficacy of detoxification , has been a n important traditional remedy for around 3000 years [28–31]. With the advancement in the technologies of isolation, identification and analysis, it has been recognised that the skin of amphibians is an extraordinary arsenal of a plethora of biologically -active components possessing diverse pharmacological properti es [7–9]. These bioactive compounds are endogenously produced and deposite d in granular glands , being -2 -1 0 1 2 3 40.00.20.40.60.81.01.2 Log [peptide] (nM)Tension change (g) -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4036912 Log [peptide] (nM)Number of peak change of spontaneous contraction Figure 6. Cont ." 908 W3014360692.pdf 1 "Background Meniscal extrusion induces dysfunction of load distribu- tion, one of the most important functions of the meniscus [1–3]. It is caused by the disruption of the meniscus hoop function and is often observed after meniscectomy [ 1,4], meniscus root tears [ 5], and with aging [ 6–8]. Meniscal extrusion initiates osteoarthritis (OA) and accompanies its progression [ 9–11]. Restoring the lost function caused by meniscus extrusion can delay OA progression [ 12]. A centralization technique has been developed to reduce meniscal extrusion; the capsule attached to the meniscus is sutured to the edge of the tibial plateau using suture an- chors [ 13]. Arthroscopic centralization of the extrudedlateral meniscus (LM) improved clinical outcomes at two- year follow-up [ 14]. It also increased the radiographic lat- eral joint space width on standing at the 45° flexion view at 3 months; this was maintained for 2 years [ 14]. Biomechanical studies examining the effects of centralization are still limited, although some papers were recently published [ 15–17]. We already reported the biomechanical analysis of the centralization procedure for extruded LM with posterior root deficiency in a por- cine model. Although this study showed that the centralization procedure restored the load distribution to a value closer to that of the normal knee joint, the experi- ment was performed only at 45° of knee flexion [ 15]a n d Fig. 1 Experimental settings. aSchematic diagram for cut line of the femur and tibia. bAngle changing device set at 45°. cIntact porcine knees viewed laterally, set at 30°, 45°, 60°,and 90° flexion. dScheme for extrusion and centralization. LM, lateral meniscus; MM, medial meniscusKubota et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2020) 21:205 Page 2 of 8" 909 W1678700176.pdf 1 "Herbranson Change blindness in pigeons example of change blindness has been provided by Simons and Levin(1998).Anexperimenterstoppedunsuspectingindividuals on a college campus to ask for directions. During the ensuing conversation, two confederates carrying a door walked between the two conversants, and during the brief visual interruption the experimenter was replaced by a different person. About half of their participants didnotnotice thechangeintheir conversation partner. Surprisingly, change blindness can occur even when an individual is looking directly at the location of the change, and whenaparticipantisexpectingandactivelysearchingforchanges (seeSimonsandAmbinder,2005 ). Change blindness, of course, can occur under a variety of circumstances and with a diverse range of stimuli. A convenient way of studying change blind ness in the laboratory is the “flicker task,” developedby Rensink etal. (1997).Theypresented participants with two continuou sly alternating images, with consecutive presentations separated by a brief, blank inter-stimulus interval (ISI). The images were identical with the exception of a single feature, and participants were instructed to search for the difference as they alternated. Participants had difficultyfindingevenlargechanges,andnormallyrequiredmany repetitions before eventual successful identification. In contrast, whenthesameimageswerepresentedwithouttheISI,thechange was immediately apparent. Thus, the timing of a change has a powerful influence over whether or not it will be detected. The differenceinchangedetectionbetweentrialswithandwithoutan ISI provides a convenient and specific operational definition of change blindness, and underscores the importance of timing in changedetection. One of the appealing features of the flicker task is that it can be implemented in a laboratory setting, and Herbranson et al.(2014) developed a variation of the task to investigate a possible change blindness effect in pigeons. They presented pigeons with stimulusdisplays consisting ofrandomly generated lines across three response keys. As in other versions of the flicker task, alternating displays were identical except for onefeature (a single line that was present in one display but absent in the other), and pecks to the location of the change were reinforced at the end of a trial. Pigeons displayed the expected change blindness effect, in that accuracy was better on trials with no ISI than on trials with an ISI between consecutive displays. Their results also sho wed some other complex patterns reflecting the importance of time. In particular, the duration of the ISI had a powerful influence over the magnitude of the change blindness effect. As the ISI was shortened, accuracy on ISI trials rose toward the higher accuracy of no-ISI trials. In addition, pigeons showed evidence of using a serial search strategy over time. As the number of repetitions of the change increased,accuracyalsoincreased,asdidtheeffectivesearcharea. With few repetitions, pigeons produced overall low accuracy, and could reliably detect chan ges appearing on only two of the three response keys. With more repetitions, accuracy was higher overall, and better than chance on each of the three response keys. Pigeons from Herbranson et al. (2014) showed accuracy that was above chance, but not always particularly high (especially on trials that featured an ISI). Nevertheless, some aspects of theprocedureincreasedoverallaccuracybysystematicallyincreasing accuracy on the more difficult ISI trials: number of repetitions, and ISI duration. It is likely that there are numerous other factors thatwould similarly influence changedetection accuracy. Another plausible way to improve performance is to manipulate the salience of the displayed change. Smilek et al. (2000)u s e d a flicker paradigm with alternating displays consisting of arrays of block characters. As is usually the case, one character differed between displays, and the change was characterized as either large or small, depending on the number of line features that differed. For example, a change of a character from F to L (three features) was considered a large change, whereas a change from F to E (one feature) was a small change. Their human participants were faster to detect changes involving more features than they were to detect changes involving fewer features. In the modified pigeon version of the flicker task developed byHerbranson et al. ( 2014) ,t h ep o s s i b l ec h a n g el o c a t i o n sa r e limited and fixed, corresponding to the three keys in an operant chamber.A changein anyspatial location (i.e., on anyparticular key) is therefore likely to be rough ly as salient as any other: they are the same size, brightness, color, and pecking on each has been reinforced with approximately equal frequency. However, the discrete stimulus features (lines) do permit one to make a change more prominent using the same logic as Smilek et al. (2000): by increasing the number of line features that constitute a change. Whereas Herbranson et al. (2014)p r e s e n t e dt w o successive displays that differed by a single line feature on one key, the procedure is not limite d to changes involving a single feature; up to eight changes (all of the possible line features) can bemadetochangeonasinglekey.Adifferenceofasinglefeature on a key would presumably be a smaller or more subtle change than a difference involving multiple features. As the number of changesincreases,onewouldexpectchangedetectiontobecome proportionally easier, producing better accuracy, and requiring fewerrepetitions. Materials and Methods Animals Four White Carneaux Pigeons ( Columba livia ) were purchased from Double-T Farm (Glenwood, IA, USA). Each bird was fed mixed grain and maintained at 80–85% of free-feeding weight to approximate the condition of healthy wild birds ( Poling et al., 1990 ). Birds were housed in individual cages in a colony room with a 14:10-h light: dark cycle and had free access to water and grit. All four had previous experiences with a serial response time task ( Herbranson and Stanton, 2011 )a n d a change detection task ( Herbranson et al., 2014 ). Animal care and all procedures described below were approved by Whitman College’sInstitutional AnimalCareandUseCommittee. Apparatus Four identical BRS/LVE operant chambers were used. Each had three circular response keys (2.5 cm in diameter) located in a horizontal row on the center of the front walland a food hopper Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 2 August 2015 | Volume 6 | Article 1109" 910 W4220725360.pdf 0 "1 Vol.:(0123456789) Scientific Reports | (2022) 12:5498 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09552-8 www.nature.com/scientificreportsAssociation between chronic rhinosinusitis and pneumonia: a longitudinal follow‑up study using a national health screening cohort Jee Hye Wee1, Chanyang Min2,3, Hahn Jin Jung4, Min Woo Park5, Bumjung Park1 & Hyo Geun Choi1,2* This study was aimed to compare the risk of pneumonia between patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and those without CRS (control) in a Korean population. The population aged 40 years or over was included from the Korean National Health Insurance Service‑Health Screening Cohort. Participants with CRS (n = 6393) and controls (n = 25,572) were selected by 1:4 matching for age, sex, income, region of residence, and history of pneumonia for the previous 1 year. The index date (ID) of the controls was set as the treatment date of their matched CRS participants. The incidence of pneumonia after the ID was measured from 2003 to 2015. Simple and multiple linear regressions were performed to calculate estimated values (EVs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 1‑y post ‑ID pneumonia, 2‑y post ‑ID pneumonia, and 3‑y post ‑ID pneumonia in CRS participants compared to controls. Statistical significance was noted in the 3‑y post ‑ID period (EV = 0.017, 95% CI = 0.002–0.031, P = 0.030). In the subgroup analyses according to age and sex, statistical significance was seen in the younger age group (< 60 years old) in the 3‑y post ‑ID period and in the female group in the 1‑y and 3‑y post ‑ID periods. This study revealed an increased risk for pneumonia following a diagnosis of CRS. Pneumonia is a form of acute respiratory infection caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi and a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO)’s 2019 Global Health Estimates, pneumonia and other lower respiratory infections were ranked as the fourth leading cause of death and disability-adjusted life years1. In Korea, deaths due to pneumonia have continued to increase since 2000, and in 2019, the death rate for pneumonia stood at 45.1 per 100,000 population, ranking as the third leading cause of deaths2. In a recent study in Korea, the hospitalization rate due to bacterial pneumonia was reported to be 161.5 per 10,000 population over the age of 653. Several risk factors, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, smoking, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have been shown to increase the likeli- hood of the development of pneumonia4. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic upper airway inflammation that can greatly influence the health- related quality of life of patients and the socioeconomic burden5. Several epidemiological studies have shown that CRS is associated with lower airway diseases such as asthma6, bronchiectasis7, and COPD8. This interdependence of the upper and lower respiratory tracts has led to the concept of the “unified airway” , which considers the upper and lower airways to be a single functional unit9. Despite the correlations between the upper and lower airways, few studies have evaluated the association of CRS and pneumonia. A retrospective study using X-ray findings reported that the frequency of sinusitis was found to be 84% among patients with pneumonia10. A previous study in the U.S. showed an association between OPEN 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170-beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Korea. 2Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea. 3Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. 4Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea. 5Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea. *email: pupen@naver.com" 911 W1529123995.pdf 21 "Pattern Recognition Receptors Based Immune Adjuvants: Their Role and Importance in Vaccine Design 197 Target TLR antagonists I ndication Status (Company) TLR4 TAK-242 Severe sepsis P-III (TPC) E5564 or Eritoran: a lipid A derivative Severe sepsis P-III (E) TLR7 and TLR 9 Immunoregulatory sequence IRS 954 Lupus Preclinical (DT) Full name of developing company/institutes: TPC – Takeda Pharmaceutical Company; E- Eisai. Table 5. TLR antagonists in clinical develo pment for anti-inflammatory and auto-immune diseases 8. Role of adjuvants in the immune responses Precisely, how adjuvants enhance the immune re sponse is yet unknown, but they appear to exert different effects to improve the immune response to vaccine antigens, as such they: i. Immunomodulation - This refers to the ability of adjuvants to activate the immune response either to Th1 or Th2. ii. Targeting - Improve antigen delivery to antigen pres enting cells (APCs), increase cellular infiltration, inflammation, and tr afficking to the injection site. iii. Activation of APCs by up-regulating co-stimulatory signals, major histo-compatibility complexes (MHC) expression and inducing cytokine release. iv. Antigen Presentation - Enhance antigen processing an d presentation by APCs and increase the speed, magnitude and du ration of the immune response. v. Antigen Depot formation vi. Induction of antibody -modulation of antibody avidity, a ffinity as well as the magnitude, isotype or subclass induction. vii. Stimulate cell mediated immunity and lymphocyte proliferation nonspecifically. 9. Characteristics of an ideal adjuvant It is likely that the “ideal” adjuvant does not and will not exist, because each adjuvant and its targeted antigen will have their unique requirements. Nevertheless, the generic characteristics summarized below would be desirable. To date , no adjuvant meets all of these goals. i. It must be safe, including freedom from immediate and long-term side effects. ii. It should be biodegradable or easily removed from the body after its adjuvant effect is exhausted to decrease the risk of late adverse effects. iii. I t s h o u l d e l i c i t a m o r e r o b u s t p r o t e c t i v e or therapeutic immune response combined with the antigen than when the antigen is administered alone. iv. It must be defined chemically and biologically, so that there is no lot-to-lot variation in the manufactured product, thereby assuring consistent responses in vaccines between studies and over time. v. Efficacy should be achieved using fewer doses and/or lower concentrations of the antigen. www.intechopen.com" 912 W2115066965.pdf 0 "RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Temporal trends (1977-2007) and ethnic inequity in child mortality in rural villages of southernGuinea Bissau Ila Fazzio1, Vera Mann2*and Peter Boone1 Abstract Background: Guinea Bissau is one of the poorest countries in the world, with one of the highest under-5 mortality rate. Despite its importance for policy planning, data on child mortality are often not available or of poor quality in low-income countries like Guinea Bissau. Our aim in this study was to use the baseline survey to estimate childmortality in rural villages in southern Guinea Bissau for a 30 years period prior to a planned cluster randomisedintervention. We aimed to investigate temporal trends with emphasis on historical events and the effect ofethnicity, polygyny and distance to the health centre on child mortality. Methods: A baseline survey was conducted prior to a planned cluster randomised intervention to estimate child mortality in 241 rural villages in southern Guinea Bissau between 1977 and 2007. Crude child mortality rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method from birth history of 7854 women. Cox regression models were used toinvestigate the effects of birth periods with emphasis on historical events, ethnicity, polygyny and distance to thehealth centre on child mortality. Results: High levels of child mortality were found at all ages under five with a significant reduction in child mortality over the time periods of birth except for 1997-2001. That period comprises the 1998/99 civil war interval, when child mortality was 1.5% higher than in the previous period. Children of Balanta ethnic group had higherhazard of dying under five years of age than children from other groups until 2001. Between 2002 and 2007, Fulachildren showed the highest mortality. Increasing walking distance to the nearest health centre increased thehazard, though not substantially, and polygyny had a negligible and statistically not significant effect on thehazard. Conclusion: Child mortality is strongly associated with ethnicity and it should be considered in health policy planning. Child mortality, though considerably decreased during the past 30 years, remains high in rural Guinea Bissau. Temporal trends also suggest that civil wars have detrimental effects on child mortality. Trial Registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52433336 Background Although overall rates of child mortality have been dropping steadily in the last 50 years, these declineshave not been homogeneous across different regionsand countries. Sub-Saharan Africa still has the highestlevels of child mortality in the world, accounting for 49.6% of child deaths in 2010 [1], with a decline that isconsidered slow and insufficient to achieve the Millen- nium Development Goal 4 in many countries [1-5].West and Central Africa show the worst rate ofimprovement in child survival, with only 18% progressbetween 1990 and 2008 [2]. Africa is also characterizedby a wide variation in mortality levels that has not nar- rowed since the late 1950s. In the late 1950s, under-five mortality ranged from 113 to 381 deaths per 1000 livebirths (Mauritius and Sierra Leone), by the late 1990sthis gap became even wider from 21 to 334 deaths per1000 live births (Mauritius and Niger) [3]. In 2009 * Correspondence: Vera.Mann@lshtm.ac.uk 2Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleFazzio et al .BMC Public Health 2011, 11:683 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/683 © 2011 Fazzio et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited." 913 W2912455480.pdf 14 "Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019 ,20, 504 15 of 20 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018 , 19, x FOR PEER REVIEW 15 of 20 In literature, some samples prepared by the PEG method were studied, an d it was noticed that some short fiber clusters are entangled with PLA ma trix with a not evident phase separation between CNs and PLA. This observation revealed that PEG is a good interfacial compatibilizer for CNs and PLA. However, this reinforcing effect may be weak ened due to a decrement of the CN aspect ratio. These aspects would require further research to better understand the effect of structural and morphologic parameters on the final properties. Figure 13. Tensile results as a function of PEG400 cont ent at constant CN concentration (2% by weight): ( a) Young’s Modulus E; ( b) Stress at yield σy; (c) stress at break σb; (d) elongation at break εb. 4. Materials and Methods 4.1. Materials Chitin nanofibrils (CN) water suspension at a concentration of 2% wt. was produced by MAVI SUD through its patented process [56], starting fr om chitin coming from seafood waste. For the preparation of the pre-composites, it was concentrated at 20% by weight. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a liquid having a molecular weight of 400 (low), and PEG, a solid having a molecular weight of 1500, 4000, 6000 an d 8000 (high), were purchased from Aldrich and used without any further purification. PLA Ingeo™ 2003D, Extrusion Gr ade with density of 1.24 g/cm3, a melt index of 6 g/10 min at 210 °C and 2.16 Kg, produced by NatureWorks LLC. It has a molecular weight of 170,000 g/mol and contains up to 4.1% isomeric D unit s. It was dried in ventilated oven at 60 °C for 16 h before extrusion trials. 4.2. Materials Preparation PEG400 (or PEG800) were added to concentrated chitin nanofibrils suspension and stirred for two hours at room temperature. The amount wa s calculated considering that in the final pre- composites, the weight ratio of CN and PEG was 1: 1. The obtained semiliquid emulsion was dried in a ventilated oven at 50 °C up to constant weight to obtain a solid when PEG8000, PEG6000, PEG4000 Figure 13. Tensile results as a function of PEG400 content at constant CN concentration (2% by weight): (a) Young’s Modulus E; ( b) Stress at yield y; (c) stress at break b; (d) elongation at break ""b. In literature, some samples prepared by the PEG method were studied, and it was noticed that some short fiber clusters are entangled with PLA matrix with a not evident phase separation between CNs and PLA. This observation revealed that PEG is a good interfacial compatibilizer for CNs and PLA. However, this reinforcing effect may be weakened due to a decrement of the CN aspect ratio. These aspects would require further research to better understand the effect of structural and morphologic parameters on the final properties. 4. Materials and Methods 4.1. Materials Chitin nanofibrils (CN) water suspension at a concentration of 2% wt. was produced by MAVI SUD through its patented process [ 56], starting from chitin coming from seafood waste. For the preparation of the pre-composites, it was concentrated at 20% by weight. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a liquid having a molecular weight of 400 (low), and PEG, a solid having a molecular weight of 1500, 4000, 6000 and 8000 (high), were purchased from Aldrich and used without any further purification. PLA Ingeo ™2003D, Extrusion Grade with density of 1.24 g/cm3, a melt index of 6 g/10 min at 210C and 2.16 Kg, produced by NatureWorks LLC. It has a molecular weight of 170,000 g/mol and contains up to 4.1% isomeric D units. It was dried in ventilated oven at 60C for 16 h before extrusion trials. 4.2. Materials Preparation PEG400 (or PEG800) were added to concentrated chitin nanofibrils suspension and stirred for two hours at room temperature. The amount was calculated considering that in the final pre-composites, the weight ratio of CN and PEG was 1:1. The obtained semiliquid emulsion was dried in a ventilated oven at 50C up to constant weight to obtain a solid when PEG8000, PEG6000, PEG4000 and PEG1500 were used, and a sample with liquid highly viscous consistency when PEG 400 was used." 914 W4395054868.pdf 2 "International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Copy rights@ Liliya Pekova et all. Aucto res Publishing LLC – Volume 1 6(3)-378 www.auctoresonline.org ISSN : 2690 -4861 Page 3 of 5 Figure 1: Spectrum of clinical manifestations in CDI Discussion The Covid -19 pandemic significantly impacted the healthcare systems worldwide. Now more than ever some open questions concerning CDAD need to be discussed. CD is a multi -resistant pathogen recognized as a leading cause of diarrhea associated with antibioti c treatment [11]. Age is considered one of the primary risk factors of CDI in general and especially for severe forms. Keller MJ at al. found that patients over the age of 65 were 10 times more likely to contract CD as younger in -patients in the same facil ity [12]. The mean age of our patients was 69,64±12,2 which corresponded to the statement that the elderly are more prone to CDI. It has been established that female are 1,5 times more likely than male to have CDI [13]. In our research, men have a slight p reponderance - 56.19%. Diarrhea was the main symptom of all the patients of the studied cohort – profuse watery stools, which may be mixed more often with mucus than with blood. Diarrhea with such characteristics is described in the scientific literature a s a cardinal symptom of CDI [14]. We registered mucus in 52,2% and blood in 15,7% of the cases. Most patients developed diarrhea during or shortly after starting antibiotics. Some individuals may not show symptoms for up to 8 weeks after completing therapy [15]. Patients who develop mild to moderate CDI commonly present with 3 or up to 10 loose stools in 24 hours. Mild abdominal pain, nausea and low - grade fever may be another symptom [16]. We registered such clinical manifestations in 33% of the cases. Cli nical manifestations of severe form include profuse watery mucoid diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day, dehydration, hypotension rapid heart rate, abdominal pain that may be severe. Fever up to 40˚C and WBC up to 50.109/L are markers for severe forms. Criteria proposed for severe CDI (based on expert opinion) include WBC count ≥15. 109/L and serum creatinine >133 mmol/L [17]. High levels of CRP, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia are another marker of severity [16]. 32,2% of our patients developed sev ere CDI. Fever up to 39,4˚C and elevated WBC count to 29,4.109/L were indicators for severity in our study. Protein -losing enteropathy with hypoalbuminemia may develop within the first days of clinical presentation of CDI [18]. We registered hypoalbuminemi a in 82 patients (67,8%) resulting in peripheral edema. Three patients (2,48%) developed anasarca. All the patients of the studied cohort received massive antibiotic treatment for SARS -CoV -2 infection before admission, during hospitalization and after disc harge. The median duration of antibiotic use was 26,7±9,47 days. The antibiotic most frequently prescribed were cephalosporines second and third generation, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and aminoglicosides. Some patients had concomitant therapy with two or three antibiotics. According to Rowson et al. 72% of the hospi talized patients with Covid - 19 were treated with broad -spectrum antibiotics but only 8% had confirmed bacterial/fungal coinfection [19]. Our patients developed diarrhea as the main symptom of CDI within 10 to 60 days (8±7.38) days after the diagnosis of Co vid-19, which coincides with the interval of 21 days reported in the scientific literature [20]. Severe CDI may be complicated with ascites, acute respiratory distress, toxic megacolon, acute heart failure, acute renal failure, liver abscessus, septic sh ock, cardiac arrest. Some patients may develop mental disorders [21]. Granata et al. reports for 28,9% severe cases with complications in their studies [14]. In our study those cases were in 11,57%. There was a lethal outcome in 12 patients (9,91%). The other patients were discharged with improvement. In recent years there is an increased global burden of CDI associated with increased morbidity and mortality. According to many studies hyper virulent clone of CD - ribotype 027 is associated with a great number of severe and fulminant cases [22]. Ribotypes were not detected in our study, so we could not associate the severity and the outcomes of CDIs with any ribotype. The diagnosis was based on clinical presentation suspectable for CDI and confirmed by dete ction of CD toxin in stool samples. Covid -19 can present with gastrointestinal symptoms similar to CDI, making it appropriate to consider both conditions in a patient with diarrhea. SARS -CoV -2 alters gut microbiota and discussed as a possible risk factor f or CDI commensurate with overuse of antibiotics [23]. Candida albicans was detected in stool samples of 22 our patients (18,2%) with confirmed CDI. Antibiotics are mainstay to treat CDI. Treatment strategies should be based on disease severity, reccurence risk and comorbidities. Vancomycin is recommended for severe and complicated CDI. Methronidazole is recommended for mild to moderate disease. Both may be used in combination to treat severe CDI [24]. We applied treatment of CDI according to the cited gene rally accepted recommendations. Fecal microbiota transplant is a treatment for multiple recurrent CDI but its role in primary and severe CDI is not established [25]. Recently CDI increases and become less responsive to treatment [26] Relapses occurred in 9 (7,43%) of our patients within 12 to 22 days, (10±7,82) after dischargment. This percentage is lower than that reported in the literature - 15-20% [27]. The hospital stay was 10±4.73 days, which is consistent with the data published so far [28]. We found a correlation between length of hospital stay and fatal outcome. Cramer's correlation coefficient was used: Cramer's V=0.418, p=0.002. The relationship between the variables was checked by χ2 test and was statistically significant with p=0.003. However, w e did not find such a relationship between the hospital stay and the severity of the clinical form of the disease, as well as between Clostridium difficile toxins and the outcome of the disease. The identified risk factors for development of CDI correspond to the published data for the general population – overuse of broad -spectrum antibiotics, geriatric population, patients with suppressed immune system, comorbidities, delayed diagnose and admiss ion in hospital. There is no correlation between the duration of antibiotic treatment, the patient age and the severity of CDI [29]. " 915 W4384129435.pdf 4 "5 Vol.:(0123456789) Scientific Reports | (2023) 13:11320 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38411-3 www.nature.com/scientificreports/of CO formation in these conditions was ΓCO = 99.9%, with no H2 and negligible amount of HCOOH observed (see Fig. 2, right panel). Ru2ReA. A procedure similar to that formerly described for RuRe2A was used to study the photocatalytic activity of Ru2ReA. 3 mL of a CO2-saturated solution of DMA-TEOA 5:1 v/v, containing Ru2ReA and BIH with a concentration of 24 μM and 0.1 M respectively—the concentration of Ru2ReA is roughly half concentration than that in the photocatalytic system using RuRe2A described above, to have the same light absorption, mainly due to the Ru-based subunits—was charged in several identical tubes. The solutions were irradiated by using the same LED light source (530 nm) used in the previous experiment, at room temperature. The photochemical reaction has been monitored for 20 h and a TONCO of 2695 has been calculated within this time, based on the amount of Ru2ReA used (Fig.  3, Table  1). The total CO production has been calculated to be 1.9 × 10–4 mol, to be compared with 3 × 10–4 mol of BIH starting amount. From such data we can state that ca. the 60% of the BIH initially present in solution was consumed after 20 h of irradiation. However, in this case the CO formation con- tinued even after 20 h of irradiation (not shown), suggesting that the photocatalyst was still active. The calculated selectivity of CO formation (ΓCO) in the condition used was ca. 98.9% (Table  1), with small amount of H2 and HCOOH present in solution (Fig. 3, right panel). For both the studied complexes, the results can be considered a significative improvement if compared to the ones obtained in a precedent work (see data in Table  1)29 in which both in RuRe2 and Ru2Re species the Re(I) metal ion was coordinated by chloride ion instead of TEOA-CO2. Indeed, as far as RuRe2A is concern29ed, the selectivity and the TONCO values rises by ca. 8 and 21% respectively compared to RuRe2 complex, whereas for Ru2ReA the selectivity and the TONCO values rises by ca. 9 and 8%, respectively, compared to Ru2Re. For bet - ter comparison, the photocatalytic activity of the parent species RuRe2 and Ru2Re, already reported24, are also shown in Figs.  2 and 3 , respectively, under the identical experimental conditions. Comparisons of the photocatalytic data shown in Table  1 and Figs.  2 and 3 suggest some considerations. First, RuRe2A and RuRe2 yield CO almost quantitatively, considering the maximum possible yield of CO on the basis of the sacrificial reagent which is present. Particularly, the CO photoproduction of RuRe2A is complete Figure 2. Left: Photocatalytic formation of CO concerning RuRe2A (blue line) compared to RuRe2 (red line) as a function of irradiation time (excitation wavelength, 530 nm). Both complexes are about 50 μM, in a CO2- saturated DMA–TEOA (5:1 v/v, 3 mL) solution containing BIH (0.1 M). Right: HCOOH produced. Table 1. Photocatalytic properties of Ru2ReA and RuRe2A. The same properties of Ru2Re and RuRe2 are shown for comparison purposes. CO2-saturated DMA-TEOA (5:1 v/v), 3 mL solutions containing the supramolecular photocatalysts and a BIH as the sacrificial electron donor (0.1 M). Light irradiation wavelength, 530 nm. The concentration of the photocatalysts containing one Ru-based subunit was 50 µM, whereas the concentration of the photocatalysts containing two Ru-based subunits was 25 µM, unless otherwise stated, to normalize for light absorption in the various experiments. aIn parenthesis, the percentage of CO production vs sacrificial reagent concentration is given; based on the concentration of the sacrificial donor, the theoretical maximum of CO photoproduced is 0.30 mmol. bTurnover numbers are based on the amount of photocatalyst. cConcentration of the photocatalyst was 44 µM. dData from ref.29.Photocatalyst Mmol CO produced (percentage of CO production)aTON (CO produced)bГCO RuRe2Ac0.30 (100%) 2368 99.9% Ru2ReA 0.19 (63%) 2695 98.9% RuRe2d0.28 (93%) 1850 98.8% Ru2Red0.18 (60%) 2486 90%" 916 W2249018887.pdf 1 "escalas ( Yang et al., 2000 , Wen e Chen, 2003). Nesta condição de cultivo a produção destes bioprodutos (ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, carotenóides, ficobilinas, polissacarídeos entre outros) é economicamente útil, dado reduções significativas na complexidade dos bioprocessos e dos custos operacionais ( Tuchman, 1996 ). Onde uma das razões é o consumo de fontes de carbono simples, barato e disponível como a glicose, acetato, glicerol, sacarose, entre outros. O custo final da produtividade de biomassa é a característica essencial para os sistemas de cultivo e depende essencialmente das condições e do meio de cultivo (Borowitzka, 1992). Em vista disso uma alternativa para aumentar a redução deste custo é a utilização de sacarose como fonte de carbono orgânico, uma vez que a glicose, a principal fonte utilizada possui alto valor comercial. No entanto a ausência da invertase em algumas espécies de microalgas torna a hidrólise da sacarose uma etapa primordial para o desenvolvimento do processo (Perez-Garcia et al., 2011). 2. OBJETIVO O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o cultivo heterotrófico da microalga Phormidium sp. utilizando sacarose hidrolisada como fonte de carbono orgânico em diferentes razões carbono/nitrogênio. 3. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS 3.1. Microrganismo e condições de cultivo A cianobactéria utilizada foi a Phormidium sp., isolada do Deserto Cuatro Cienegas no México (26º59’N 102º03W). Após purificação, as culturas estoque foram mantidas em tubos de ensaio com meio sintético BGN (Rippka et al., 1979) solidificado com agar-agar. As condições de manutenção usadas foram 25ºC e intensidade luminosa constante de 1klux. 3.2. Hidrólise da sacarose A inversão da sacarose ocorreu por hidrolise ácida , através adição de 0,4% de HCL 3M a uma solução de 500 g.L-1 de sacarose, com posterior aquecimento em banho-maria a 80°C por 30 minutos e posterior resfriamento até a temperatura ambiente. A neutralização do pH se deu por adição de uma solução de NaOH 3M, na mesma proporção do ácido. 3.3. Meio de cultura Utilizou-se o meio sintético BGN para diluição e suplementação de nutrientes inorgânicos. A composição química do BGN é: K 2HPO 4 (0,03g.L-1), MgSO 4 (0,075g.L-1), CaCl 2.2H 2O (0,036g.L-1), citrato de amônio e ferro (0,0006g.L-1), Na 2EDTA (0,001g.L-1), NaCl (0,00072g.L-1), ácido cítrico (0,0006g.L-1), Na 2CO 3 (1,5g.L-1), metais traços: [H 3BO 3 (0,0028g.L-1), MnCl 2.4H 2O (0,0018g.L-1), ZnSO 4.7H 2O (0,00022g.L-1), Na 2MoO 4.2H 2O (0,00039g.L-1), CoSO 4.6H 2O (0,00004g.L-1). Empregou-se sacarose hidrolisada como fonte de carbono orgânico exógeno em diferentes concentrações afim de se obter as razões carbono/nitrogênio de 20, 30 e 40. Área temática: Processos Biotecnol ógicos 2" 917 W4311325344.pdf 1 "Introduction Rapid scienti fic and technological advance is revolutionizing treatment options and research tools in the era of personalized cancer therapy. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting the immune system has found wide application across cancer histotypes and represents the principal therapeutic intervention for advanced cancer patients ( 1). However, intrinsic and on-treatment resistance development remains a challenge of this therapeutic approach and major effort is dedicated to elucidate the involved mechanisms ( 2). In depth analysis of tumor biopsies by multi omics approaches has provided insight into the complex scenario prevailing at tumor site, but these approaches have a major limitation as they give only a snapshot of the actual conditions and ignore tumor evolution during treatment ( 3,4). Co-clinical studies based on systems allowing the in-toto culture of tumor biopsies and the maintenance of the genomic and morphological characteristics of the original tumor may contribute filling this gap. In particular, ex vivo 3D culture platforms, which maintain most of the features of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) ( 5)a n dc a p t u r ed r u g - mediated dynamic modulations, can elucidate molecular and immune-related mechanisms underlying clinical response or resistance to therapy ( 6). This approach could help gathering a comprehensive mechanistic overview and de fine predictive biomarkers of clinical outcome in patients treated with ICI ( 7). Here, we provide an overview of the relevance and potential implications of the tumor explant culture system in studying ICI responses. In addition, we show the advantages of a 3D platform of dynamic culture of tumor explants in a Bioreactor for profiling molecular and immunologic mechanisms induced by ICI in human metastatic melanoma (MM) and soft tissue sarcoma (STS) samples. Patient-derived models for cancer drug testing The contribution of newly developed targeted drugs and immunotherapies to improve patient survival has been limited by the lack of appropriate experimental models maintaining original tumor microenviro nment (TME) architecture and composition. So far, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) have become the preferred tool for drug testing, to identify novel tumor markers and therapeutic targets and to translate findings aimed at optimizing treatment of cancer patients. PDX models generated from freshly resected tumor specimens or from tumor- derived organoids transplanted into immunode ficient mice preserve the tumor intrinsic heterogeneity and can recapitulate the interactions of cancer cells with the surrounding live environment, but not with the human immune system ( 8). Humanized mice models grafted with human immune cellshave been generated to bypass this problem ( 9). Nonetheless, animal models are time consuming and have high costs, and thus may not represent the rational choice for real-time precision cancer therapy. Moreover, the advent of immune based- therapies requires models able to mimic native TIME. In this scenario 3D culture systems represent a valid alternative. 3D models are classi fied into spheroids, organoids and patient-derived tumor explants (PDE), based on the structuralcomplexity. Spheroids are aggregates of cells obtained from cancer cell lines or tumor biopsies, self-assembling in an environment that prevents attachment to a flat surface. They are of low complexity in mirroring tumor organization, but they may retain their endogenous extracellular matrix and many metabolic similarities to the original tissue ( 10). Organoids are mini-organs reconstituted and embedded in an extracellular matrix reproducing many structural and functional aspects of the parental organ. In addition to the use of pluripotent stem cells, tissue-derived tumors from patients can also be established as organoids, namely patient-derived organoids (PDO) ( 11). PDO typically recapitulate features and genetic characteristics of the parental tumor, as observed in PDO from colorectal and gastroesophageal cancer patients ( 12). Of note, organoids and PDO can be expanded and cryopreserved, a fundamental feature especially for rare cancer types ( 13). However, these models are characterized by the inability of preserving the native features of TIME, and even the exogenous addition of selected immune cell populations as a co-culture is insuf ficient to reproduce the required complexity to evaluate the response to immunotherapy. A further level in TME complexity in 3D models is represented by PDE, that consist in the ex vivo culture of freshly-resected human tumor fragments. PDE recapitulate tissue architecture, TME and preserve the human immune system components, thus allowing the evaluation of drug responses in a 3D context. PDE preserve tumor-speci fic genetic alterations, transcriptomic pro files and histopathology of individual patients, allowing personalized drug screening and the identi fication of drug resistance mechanisms ( 14). LeBlanc and coworkers reported that glioblastoma-derived PDE largely retain genetic and transcriptomic heterogeneity of parent tumors, enabling the dissection of glioblastoma heterogeneity evolution during disease progression and treatment response (15). In a recent study, the inhibition of NOTCH signaling pathway in PDO of BRAFV600E/K601Q MM enhanced thesensitivity to the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib, thereby supporting the contribution of PDO models to identify therapy resistance mechanisms ( 16). PDE, endowed with the native TIME, represent ideal ex vivo models for immunotherapy studies. In fact, deciphering the dynamic interactions between tumor and immune cells provides insights into the mechanisms regulating sensitivity or resistance to immune-based therapies including ICI. A further PDE model consisting of patient-derived tumor tissuesembedded in collagen and termed organotypic tumorRodolfo et al. 10.3389/ fimmu.2022.1068091 Frontiers in Immunology frontiersin.org 02" 918 W1986660288.pdf 3 "408 P. T. Leivas et al. ZOOLOGIA 29 (5): 405–412, October, 2012The t-test, contingency tables, linear regression and Spearman’s correlation were performed using the program R (R D EVELOPMENT CORE TEAM 2009). Analyzes used to quantify the amplitude of the ecological niche of the species were carried out in the program PAST (H AMMER et al. 2001) and the overlap in food niche was performed using the EcoSim (G OTELLI & ENTSMINGER 2001). All statistical tests were performed with a sig- nificance level of 0.05 (C ALLEGARI -JACQUES 2006). RESULTS We analyzed a total of 181 samples L. catesbeianus , of which 104 were females and 77 were males. Of the total specimens collected, 173 were adults and eight were young females. TheSVL of females ranged between 60.0 and 162.0 mm and the BM ranged between 20.99 and 508.30 g. In males, the SVL varied between 76.0 and 156.0 mm and the varied BM between 38.48and 391.50 g. There was no sexual dimorphism in the SVL of adults (Welsh’s t-test = 0.41, df = 171, p = 0.52, mean ± 1 SD: Males – SVL = 119.1 ± 42.7 mm and Females – SVL = 117.0 ± 46.4mm) and the BM (Welsh’s t-test = 0.04, df = 171 and p = 0.83, mean ±1 SD: Males – BM = 195.23 ± 20.16 g females: BM = 22.49 ± 192.22 g) of the specimens collected. Spring was the season with a greatest abundance of indi- viduals (n = 59), followed by winter (n = 44), summer (n = 43) and fall (n = 35). The seasonal sex ratio of the total sampleshowed a significant difference only in the summer ( /H9273 2 = 3.93, df = 1, p < 0.05) when 15 males and 28 females were collected. Population’s diet. Among the stomachs examined, 12.71% (n = 23) were empty and 87.29% (n = 158) contained 1-78 items (mean 7.81 ± 1.56). The richness of prey items was not correlated with the biometric variables analyzed. However, the abundance of prey items was correlated with the SVL ( /H9267 = -0.145, p = 0.050) and the BM ( /H9267 = -0.165, p = 0.025), but not with the other variables. The size of the specimens analyzed (SVL) also was unrelated with the volume of prey in the population of L. catesbeianus (r 2 = 0.0005, F = 0.097, df = 180, p = 0.75). Invertebrates were the most abundant items in the diet of the American Bullfrog (Tab. I), representing 86.20 % (n = 206)of the food items encountered by us. The following groups were identified: Arachnida, Mollusca, Myriapoda, Annelida, Crusta- cea and Insecta, the most abundant group, including ten or-ders found in the stomach contents (Tab. I). Vertebrates were represented by anurans in different ontogenetic stages and fish juveniles accounted for about 13.80 % (n = 33) of the preyitems (Tab. I). We considered as accidentally ingested items, plants (n = 85, encountered in 30% of the samples), rocks (n = 13, 4.5%) and feathers (n = 1, 0.4%). Diet of juveniles and adults. The diet of young Ameri- can Bullfrogs consisted predominantly of invertebrates (PO = 88.9 %, n = 7), being represented by Insecta (PO = 66.7 %, n =6) and Arachnida (PO = 22.2 %, n = 2). The vertebrates found in the diet belong only to Osteichthyes (PO = 11.1 %, n = 1).The diet of adult bullfrogs consisted of items and their percentages as described in the general diet (Tab. I), with the exception of the items consumed by the juveniles. The diet ofadult males and females did not differ in the absolute frequency of occurrence of prey items ( /H9273 2 = 6.97; df = 7, p > 0.5), and all items were equally consumed by both sexes, except for Shell-fish, which were not preyed upon by females. The PO of vertebrates in the diet of females of L. catesbeianus was positively correlated with precipitation (/H9267 = 0.159, p = 0.620) and temperature ( /H9267 = 0.307, p = 0.330). The PO of vertebrates in the diet of males was positively corre- lated with the temperature ( /H9267 = 0.262, p = 0.410). However, the correlation with monthly precipitation was high and significant (/H9267 = 0.640, p = 0.024). Seasonal diet. Invertebrates and vertebrates were preyed upon in all seasons. Among the invertebrates, only Mollusks were preyed upon only in the summer, and Annelids were preyed more intensively in the fall. The other groups had simi-lar rates of predation among seasons (Fig. 1). 3443 28 20 14119 9 2347 21170 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 AnnelidaArachnida CrustaceaInsectaMolluscaMyriapodaAnura Osteichthyes1222389 55 131 Percentage of occurrence (PO%) Taxonomic group Seasonally, vertebrates were consumed in greater numbers during the spring, followed by the winter, summer and fall months (Fig. 1). Fish were more intensely consumed in the spring but were not predated during the fall, and in winter and summerfish predation was low. The PO of fish in the diet did not differ significantly among the seasons ( /H9273 2 = 3.8, df = 3, p > 0.5) (Fig. 1). Anurans in different ontogenetic stages were predated upon in all seasons, but were a more frequent diet item in the spring, followed by winter, summer and fall (Fig. 1). However, the PO was higher in winter than in spring and highest in thefall than in the summer (Fig. 1). The difference in predation was not significant between seasons ( /H9273 2 = 1.88, df = 3, p = 0.25). Tadpoles were also present in the diet of L. catesbeianus in winter and summer seasons (PO = 50, n = 4 per station), but more frequently in the spring and fall (PO = 58, n = 7 and PO =Figure 1. Percentage of occurrence and number of items (above the bars) of each taxonomic group between the seasons, presentin the diet of adult Lithobates catesbeianus . Winter (black with white), spring (white), summer (black), and fall (grey)." 919 W4285495610.pdf 11 "458 I. C. Nicu et al.: Multi-hazard susceptibility mapping of cryospheric hazards Figure 8. Multi-hazard susceptibility map of TSs and TEGs for Nordenskiöld Land. The bar plot at the bottom right represents the number of grid cells expressed in logarithmic scale for each of the nine combined susceptibility classes. 5 Considerations within and beyond Svalbard: supporting and opposing arguments A systematic TS and TEG mapping protocol to share these cryospheric hazards among researchers has yet to root within the geoscientific community. This work aligns well with other attempts to make data on TSs and TEGs freely accessi- ble because we believe that the surface deformation dynam- ics of delicate environments laying within Arctic and peri- Arctic regions can be studied only as a collective effort. For this reason, we share our inventories in the hope of trigger- ing similar behaviours within our community and stimulating the implementation of advanced models, as per other mid- latitude hydro-morphological processes. Notably, until the use of automated mapping tools will be- come viable for cryospheric hazards, any manual mapping procedure such as the one we undertook here may suffer from subjectivity. To minimise any individual expert-based opinion and therefore remove its bias, in this work we im- plemented a collective mapping protocol in which two Arctic geomorphologists independently created the inventories only to be merged at a later stage. We believe this to be another re- quirement to be added to the collective effort we mention and recommend above. In fact, other studies have shown that col- lective mapping contributes to reducing uncertainties, which would otherwise become part of the data and propagate in any model one may build with it (Ardizzone et al., 2002). Aside from the importance of a standard data-sharing plat- form within the global system, even just within the Sval- bard context, this is something of great relevance. In fact, the study site we chose had undergone significant changes in recent times. The work of Ziaja (2001) has shown the ex- tent of these changes in the form of permafrost degradation, whose dynamics can be better understood if framed within the bigger picture of the Svalbard meteorological settings.In fact, Nordenskiöld Land has always been covered with a lesser glacier extent compared to the rest of the archipelago. This is due to the direction the maritime air masses follow in the area. Specifically, the effect of the warm West Spits- bergen Sea Current creates a convergence of mild and hu- mid air from the south and chilly air from the north. This convergence results in a local micro-climate warmer than the rest of Svalbard and in general than what is typical at these latitudes. In addition to an already delicate situation, Ziaja (2001) observed that the deglaciation in Nordenskiöld Land has evolved at double the rate compared to Sørkapp Land (south Svalbard), arguing this to be an indication of a greater sensitivity of our study site to global warming. Therefore, we consider it vital to document and share ev- idence of permafrost degradation (our TS and TEG inven- tories) to reconstruct a baseline to which future monitoring protocols should refer for further exploring the effects of cli- mate change in the area. One of the possible tools to use to explore these effects falls in the category of data-driven mod- els, to which susceptibility studies belong. However, hardly any susceptibility studies have been carried out so far to esti- mate locations prone to TSs and TEGs in peri-Arctic regions (Blais-Stevens et al., 2015; Rudy et al., 2016; Veh, 2015). Along this line of research, we proposed a tool for inter- pretable and flexible predictive models, offering the chance to explore the results from multiple aspects, among which we include a multi-hazard susceptibility assessment. The per- formance produced falls within the excellent class proposed by Hosmer and Lemeshow (2000). Therefore, standard prac- tices would consider that such a model results in a piece of reliable information for local administrators to base their decisions on and plan a suitable course of action to reduce the risk due to these cryospheric hazards. This is already an important achievement; however, below we would like to stress a few elements that we already envision requiring fur- ther considerations to develop our model into an operational tool. Both TS and TEG processes are shown to be highly dependent on soft sediment characteristics, data which are so far lacking on Svalbard. Adding map data with the type and potential thickness of surface sediments would further increase the accuracy and detail of predictions. The other prominent issue we faced had to do with the absent tem- poral information in our inventory. This is something that unfortunately affects virtually all the TS and TEG invento- ries mapped across the globe. For this reason, we are lim- ited to statically investigating and understanding locations prone to these hazards. However, this also raises the ques- tion of whether such information can be really used outside the academic context. In fact, any model without a tempo- ral connotation will inevitably learn to mimic the process that occurred at the time of the orthophoto or satellite im- age used for mapping. In other words, no temporal informa- tion on temperature, rainfall, or other dynamic characteris- tics can be included in the model. Therefore, in a rapidly changing environment such as the Svalbard landscape, the Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 447–464, 2023 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-447-2023" 920 W4386486356.pdf 8 "ЕКОНОМІКА ТА СУСПІЛЬСТВО Випуск # 53 / 2023194 ОБЛІК І ОПОДАТКУВАННЯТаблиця 2 Оформлення листа стосовно виконання завдання узгоджених процедур МССП 4400 у старій редакції [9] МССП 4400 у новій редакції [8] Лист-зобов’язання завдання з узгоджених процедурЛист-угода стосовно завдання з узгоджених процедур Кому [сторона, що наймає] Цей лист має підтвердити наше розуміння умов і цілей нашого завдання, а також характеру та обмежень обсягу послуг, які ми надамо. Наше завдання виконуватиметься згідно з Міжнародним стандартом супутніх послуг (або зазначити відповідні національні стандарти чи практики), який застосовується до завдань з узгоджених процедур, що буде зазначено в нашому звітіВи надіслали нам запит про реалізацію завдання з виконання узгоджених процедур по закупівлі [xyz] продуктів. Цей лист призначений для підтвердження нашого розуміння умов і цілей нашого завдання, а також характеру і обмежень послуг, які ми будемо надавати. Ми будемо здійснювати завдання відповідно до Міжнародного стандарту супутніх послуг (МССП) 4400 (переглянутий), Завдання з виконання узгоджених процедур. При виконанні узгоджених процедур ми будемо дотримуватися [описати відповідні етичні вимоги], що не вимагає від нас незалежності Ми погодилися виконати наведені далі процедури й надати вам звіт про фактичні результати, отримані у процесі нашої роботи: (Описати характер, строки і обсяг процедур, що виконуватимуться, включаючи (де це доречно) конкретне посилання на автентичність документів і записів, з якими треба ознайомитися, а також навести перелік контактних осіб і сторін, від яких будуть отримані підтвердження)Ви надіслали нам запит про реалізацію завдання з виконання узгоджених процедур по закупівлі [xyz] продуктів. Цей лист призначений для підтвердження нашого розуміння умов і цілей нашого завдання, а також характеру і обмежень послуг, які ми будемо надавати. Ми будемо здійснювати завдання відповідно до Міжнародного стандарту супутніх послуг (МССП) 4400 (переглянутий), Завдання з виконання узгоджених процедур. При виконанні узгоджених процедур ми будемо дотримуватися [описати відповідні етичні вимоги], що не вимагає від нас незалежності Метою процедур, які ми виконуватимемо, є винятково надання Вам допомоги у (зазначити мету). Наш звіт призначений лише для Вас і не повинен використовуватися в жодних інших ціляхЗавдання з виконання узгоджених процедур, виконані відповідно до МССП 4400 (переглянутий) передбачає виконання узгоджених з вами процедур і повідомлення висновків у звіті про узгоджені процедури. Висновки – це фактичні результати виконаних узгоджених процедур. Ви [і, якщо це доречно, інші сторони] визнаєте, що процедури відповідають цілям завдання. Ми не робимо жодних заяв щодо доцільності процедур. Це завдання з виконання узгоджених процедур буде виконуватись на основі того, що [відповідальна сторона] несе відповідальність за предмет узгоджених процедур. Крім того, це завдання з виконання узгоджених процедур не є завданням по забезпеченню гарантій. Відповідно, ми не висловлюємо думки та не даємо висновки про надання впевненості Процедури, які ми виконаємо, не будуть аудитом чи оглядом, проведеним згідно з Міжнародними стандартами аудиту або Міжнародними стандартами завдань з огляду (або зазначити відповідні національні стандарти чи практики), а отже, ми не будемо висловлювати впевненості. Ми сподіваємось на повноцінну співпрацю з Вашими працівниками і на те, що нам будуть надані всі записи, документація та інша інформація, яка потрібна у зв’язку з нашим завданнямПроцедури, які ми будемо виконувати, призначені виключно для того, щоб допомогти вам визначити, чи відповідає ваша закупівля [xyz] продуктів вашій політиці закупівель. Відповідно, наш звіт буде адресований вам, і наш звіт може не підходити для інших цілей" 921 W4361013268.pdf 3 " 3.5.6 The water level of deaerator and low- pressure heater may fluctuate when the cylinder cutting is on or off. When the deaerator water lev el alarm is high, open the deaerator overflow valve, close the stage by stage drainage of No. 3 high-press ure heater, and close the deaerator water feeding main control valve; Close the deaerator steam inlet valve and open the deaerator emergency drain valve. 3.5.7 The thermal logic control problem causes a sudden change of a parameter or the cylinder cutting cannot be switched on or off normally. If the butterfly valve opening is not put into manual operation control when the low pressure cylinder zero output operation mode is exited, the butterfly valve opening is automatically tracked to calculate the butterfly valve opening of the automatic control circuit for heating and steam extraction pressure, which may lead to sudden change of the hydraulic butterfly valve opening when the low pressure cylinder zero output operation mode is exited, causing certain disturbance to the unit operation. Considering that the unit is in operation, there are certain safety risks in online modification and downloading of control logic. It is recommended that the thermal engineering discipline forcibly exit the zero output exit button of the low pressure cylinder. 3.5.8 The cooling tower freezes during cylinder cutting operation. Measures such as closing the water pouring in the cooling tower, switching the main bypass and covering the canvas are mainly taken. During actual operation, the operating personnel shall closely monitor and timely adjust the main steam pressure, water level of steam drum, w ater level of deaerator and condenser, etc., and monitor and record the vibration, differential expansion, axial displacement, secondary and final stage blade temperat ure, low pressure cylinder exhaust temperature and other parameters of the turbine shaft system. If the parameters change abnormally, suspend the operation in time and analyze the reasons. If the parameter exceeds the limit, the emergency response measures shall be followed. 4. Conclusion This paper mainly introduces the zero output heat supply transformation of low pressure cylinder in Shandong Province, the basic route and operation of the transformation, as well as thr ee different low pressure cylinder cooling steam systems, and introduces in detail the main risks and solutions in the cylinder cutting adjustment process for reference by power generation enterprises. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the scientific and technological project of St ate Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute ""Research on Thermoelectric Cooperative Regulation Tech nology of Nuclear Power Units"" (ZY-2022-10). References 1. Ronghe Hao, Zhuang Li, Liping Wang, et al. Economic Analysis of Smooth Shaft Operation of Low Pressure Cylinder in 210 MW Unit[J]. Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering (Natural Science), 2020,16(02):25-28+44. 2. Jianxun Wang. Analysis of Flexible Peak-Load Ｒ egulation Capability and Economy on the Zero Output Technology of Low-Pressure Cylinder for 650 MW Supercritical Unit[J] .Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2021,36(02):18-23. 3. Tianfu Liang, Weiyang Xie, Fei Wang, et al.The key technique research of removing the low pressure cylinder of steam turbine[J].Turbine Technology, 2019, 61(6): 471–472. 4. Haisheng Yang, Tuo Zhang , GuangTong Tang, et al. Influence of Zero-Output Technology of Low-Pressure Cylinder on Deep Peak Regulation Performance of Heating Unit and Compensation Standard for Peak Regulation[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2020, 35(06):268-273.T 5. Qinpeng Zhang, Xuedong Wang, Feng Li, et al. Analysis of Heating Capacity and Peak-regulating Capacity of 330 MW Steam Turbine Unit With Low- pressure Cylinder off Operation[J]. Shandong Electric Power, 2020,47(12):72-76. 6. Puxin Shi, Peiran Shi, Peiwen Wang, et al.Analysis and Operation Evaluation of Power Peak-shaving Ancillary Service Market in North China[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021,45(20):175-184. 7. Xuhui Zhang, Zhonghua Zhao, Fuxing Cui, et al. Experimental Research on Deep Peak Regulation Characteristics of 1030 MW Ultra Supercritical Unit[J]. Shandong Electric Power, 2021,48(02):58-62. 8. Lingkai Zhu, Wei Zheng, Junshan Guo , et al. Application of Heat Load Distribution in Improving Peak-shaving Ability of Plant[J].Power System Engineering, 2019,35(06):43-46+49. 4E3S Web of Conferences 375, 03025 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337503025 ESAT 2023" 922 W4225319080.pdf 5 "6 www.eurosurveillance.orgcampaign: 38.7%, 30.9% and 30.4%. Women repre - sented 78.4% of participants and 23.2%, 40.0% and 36.8%, respectively, were aged 18–34 years, 35–49 years and 50 years or older ( Table ). Nurses represented 22.9%, nurse assistants 9.4%, biomedical profession - als (including physicians, midwives, pharmacists and biologists) 27.7%, other paramedical staff 15.7% and administration staff 24.4% ( Table ). Among physicians in our sample, 59% were female and median age group was 35–49 years (cf.d with 50% and 49.3 years mean age according to official estimates in 2021 [ 16]). Among nurses, 85% were female and median age group was 35–49 years (cf.d with 88% and 40.2 years mean age in 2011 [ 17]). Working at least part-time in a nursing home was reported by 805 (15.4%) participants ( Table ). Three- thousand and thirty-four participants (58.1%) indicated vaccine intention against COVID-19, 1,153 (22.0%) indi - cated no intention, while 1,038 (19.8%) did not know yet. Among participants, 2,779 (53.1%) reported vacci - nation against influenza during the 2019/20 winter sea - son. The variable on receiving the previous influenza vaccine in 2019/20 was highly associated with COVID- 19 vaccine intention but not included in models to avoid overfitting (data not shown). Exploration of model fit Compared with a model including the initial 5C item groups, the addition of confidence in systems and social conformism increased the model fit slightly but significantly, from R2 = 0.62 to 0.65 (p < 0.001) ( Figure 1). The model with attitude 7C-items only had a sub - stantially higher R2 when compared with the model with knowledge 7C-items only (0.64 vs 0.38). Model fits (R2), corresponding to the percentage of variation in vaccine intention that can be explained, ranged from 0.17 to 0.51 for individual item groups (Figure 2 ). Confidence in systems and social conform - ism showed an R2 of 0.37 and 0.30, respectively. In a full model that included the shortlist KA-7C items and adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics (Supplementary Table S2   showing results of all KA-7C items), the strongest associations were observed for Figure 3 Associations with COVID-19 vaccination intention among healthcare and welfare sector workers, France, 18 December 2020–1 February 2021 (n = 5,234) at the start of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00Odds ratioNo fear of side e/uniFB00ect EU monitoring vaccines (K) Employer influence Skip control steps in vaccine development (K) Fear of severe form of COVID-19 Severity of epidemic (K) Two doses needed (K) Di/uniFB03cult access to vaccine More benefits than risks with vaccine More benefits than risks for people with risk factor (K) Collective action to stop epidemic Vaccine blocks transmission if infected (K) Family environment opinion Vaccine coverage among HCWs (K) COVID-19: coronavisus disease; EU: European Union; HCWs: healthcare workers; K: knowledge variable. a Points and bars represent odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals estimated in a multivariable model adjusting age group, sex, professional category, work in a nursing home and study phase and including all KA-7C items of the questionnaire shortlist. b Only highest vs reference categories are shown. " 923 W2886227394.pdf 5 "whether iron also impacts connectivity between the striatum and other RSNs. As such, we investigated whether striatal iron modulated the de- gree centrality and/or strength of the striatal components. The results showed that striatal iron was negatively associated with degree centrality of the putamen across the two groups (r ¼- 0.42, p ¼0.007; FDR cor- rected: p ¼0.02; Fig. 3 ). Within age-group analyses revealed that this negative association was present in the older (r ¼- 0.55, p ¼0.03) but not in the younger (r ¼- 0.3, p ¼0.12) group. The correlation between iron in the striatum and strength of the putamen network did not reach conventional signi ficance (r ¼/C00.22, p ¼0.18). No signi ficant associa- tion was found between striatal iron with either degree (r ¼0.04, p¼0.82) or strength (r ¼0.03, p ¼0.86) of the caudate RSN across the whole group. Altogether, these findings suggest that higher striatal iron content was associated with a decrease in functional cross-talk between the pu- tamen and other RSNs across both age groups. Moreover, this association was more pronounced in the older group. 3.5. Striatal resting-state networks, iron content, and motor performance Based on well-established links from previous literature, we hypoth- esized that the caudate and putamen networks would tax executive and motor processes ( Middleton and Strick, 2000 ;Gerardin et al., 2004 ; Monchi et al., 2006 ;Postuma and Dagher, 2006 ;Di Martino et al., 2008 ; Choi et al., 2012 ;Pauli et al., 2016 ;Haber, 2016 ). To investigate this, we tested for associations between the caudate and putamen and the Purdue Pegboard task. No signi ficant correlations were found between caudate resting-state measures and any of the tasks (p >0.05). We found a sig- nificant positive association between coherence of the putamen RSN and task performance with the dominant (right) hand (r ¼0.45, p ¼0.04) across both age groups ( Fig. 4 ). However, there were no associations with either the left hand or the assembly task (p >0.05). Correlations between striatal iron and the motor task at a whole-group level did not survive after controlling for age and sex. However, more exploratory analyses showed that, after performing a median split and looking only at in- dividuals with high iron content in the caudate and putamen compared to others in the same age group, there was a signi ficant association between striatal iron and motor performance with the dominant hand (r¼/C00.539, p ¼0.047) across the sample. 3.6. Control analyses Although there was no relationship between striatal R2* rate and striatal volume in our sample (r ¼0.2, p ¼0.2), prior work on the relationship between striatal iron and cognitive and brain measures in- dicates that these may be confounded by striatal volume. As such, weperformed control analyses adjusting for striatal volume, which revealed very similar results to the ones reported in previous sections [Supple- mentary B]. A similar analysis was carried out with white-matter hyperintensities (WMH) as a covariate of no interest. This analysis also yielded very similar results to the ones reported above [details in Sup- plementary C]. Given that decreases in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are associated with increases in R2* values, we have taken SNR in the components of interest as a covariate [Supplementary D]. Importantly, we also tested for an association between SNR and R2* in the caudate (r¼/C00.1, p ¼0.537) and putamen (r ¼0.0021, p ¼0.897) but these were not signi ficant. Finally, we were also interested to know whether the relationship between iron R2* and motor performance was mediated by functional connectivity. For this, we have performed a tentative mediation analysis with iron as the predictor variable, functional con- nectivity as the mediator, and motor performance as the outcome vari- able [Supplementary E]. We found that functional connectivity mediated the relation between iron and motor performance. 4. Discussion Our main aim was to investigate the relationship between striatal iron content and inter-individual differences in resting-state functional con- nectivity, and whether age affected this association. We have demon- strated for the first time that striatal iron was associated with functional connectivity in striatal resting-state networks. More speci fically, higher iron content correlated with lower coherence within the caudate andputamen networks. Our results also indicated that iron modulated con- nectivity of striatal networks to the rest of the brain. In general, these associations seemed to be more pronounced in the older group, however this should be interpreted with caution given that there were no group differences in degree of correlation between iron and functional con- nectivity. Finally, we showed that functional connectivity features affected by iron are behaviorally meaningful, so that the level of coher- ence within the putamen correlated with performance in a motor task. Overall, the present work makes a contribution to the literature on iron accumulation and its relation to functional brain integrity and cognition. Currently, little is known about the factors that modulate brain iron levels, including those that are modi fiable (e.g., life style; for a review see Kalpouzos , in press). Investigating these factors may help preventing or slowing down age-related iron accumulation and, consequently, preser- ving brain integrity. Higher levels of iron in the striatum were associated with lower resting-state coherence within the caudate and putamen networks. This association was more pronounced in the older group, especially for the caudate, suggesting that increased iron accumulation has a greater impact on striatal functional architecture in older age. As no study has Fig. 1. Maps of the caudate and anterior cingulate cortex (in blue) and putamen (in red) networks.A. Salami et al. NeuroImage 183 (2018) 495 –503 499" 924 W2923996451.pdf 2 "Case Reports in Radiology 3 (c) (a) (b) Figure 3: Chest CT scan. (a) Consolidations with peripheral ground-glass opacities compatible with halo sign in the apical segments of the upper lobes (white arrow). (b) Nodule with central ground-glass density and consolidation ring (reversed halo sign) in the apical segment of the upper lobes (black arrow). (c) Coronal reconstruction. Multiple peripheral nodules, some of them with reversed halo sign (black arrow) and halo sign (white arrow). (a) (b) Figure 4: Chest X-ray. (a) There are no consolidations in the lung parenchyma or pleural effusion. US Testicular Doppler. (b) Testicle and left epididymis of normal size and vascularization. described include consolidation, lymph node enlargement, and pleural effusion [1]. CT scan is currently considered themethod of choice for evaluating patients suspected of SPE [5]. Findings on CT scans include bilateral nodules (82%), cavitation (55%), pleural effusion (29%), afferent vesselsign (27%), and parenchymal cuneiform opacities (17%). Inpatients with SPE, the halo sign has also been described [4]. Epididymitis is the inflammation of the epididymis and can be associated with both infectious and noninfectious conditions. Epididymitis can be classified as acute or chronicaccording to the duration of symptoms (less than 6 weeksin acute forms). Bacterial infections constitute the mostcommon cause of acute epididymitis [2]. Overall, epididymitis in sexually active men under 35 years is unilateral and related to sexually transmittedmicroorganisms and, in older men, it is secondary touropathogens [3]. Clinical manifestations include gradual onset of testicular pain with unilateral radiation to the hypogastrium and scrotal edema. Other symptoms includeurethral secretion, dysuria, urgency, scrotal erythema, andfever [2]." 925 W4281742044.pdf 10 "11 Vol.:(0123456789) Scientific Reports | (2022) 12:9608 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12672-w www.nature.com/scientificreports/ 28. Glaser, A. K. et al. Three-dimensional cherenkov tomography of energy deposition from ionizing radiation beams. Opt. Lett. 38, 634–636. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1364/ OL. 38. 000634 (2013). 29. Rilling, M., Allain, G., Thibault, S. & Archambault, L. Tomographic based 3D scintillation dosimetry using a three view plenoptic imaging system. Med. Phys. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1002/ mp. 14213 (2020). 30. Rilling, M., Archambault, L. & Thibault, S. Simulating imaging-based tomographic systems using an optical design software for resolving 3d structures of translucent media. Appl. Opt. 58, 5942–5951. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1364/ AO. 58. 005942 (2019). 31. Goulet, M. et al. Novel, full 3d scintillation dosimetry using a static plenoptic camera. Med. Phys.https:// doi. org/ 10. 1118/1. 48840 36 (2014). 32. Collett, E. Field guide to polarization (SPIE, Bellingham, Wash, 2005). 33. Peshkov, A. Spin-polarization effects in cherenkov radiation from electrons. Can. J. Phys. 98, 660–663. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1139/ cjp- 2019- 0441 (2020). 34. Doering, M., Bernloehr, K., Hermann, G., Hofmann, W . & Lampeitl, H. Measurement of the cherenkov light spectrum and of the polarization with the hegra-iact-system (2001). 35. Trimble Inc. Sketchup make. 36. Agostinelli, S. et al. Geant4a simulation toolkit. Nucl. Ins. Methods Phys. Res. Sec. A: Accel., Spectrom., Detect. Assoc. Equip. 506, 250–303. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/ S0168- 9002(03) 01368-8 (2003). 37. Kawrakow, I., Mainegra-Hing, E., Rogers, D. W . O., Tessier, F. & Walters, B. R. B. The egsnrc code system: Monte carlo simulation of electron and photon transport. Technical Report PIRS-701, National Research Council Canada 323 (2021). Acknowledgements The authors thank Ghyslain Leclerc for the English revision of the paper. This work was financed by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grants #2019-05038 and #2018- 04055. Emily Cloutier acknowledges support by the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec - Nature et Technologies (FRQNT). Author contributions E.C. designed and performed the experiments, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript with critical input from L.B. and L.A. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to É.C. or L.A. Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/. © The Author(s) 2022" 926 W2783627038.pdf 1 "2 Case Reports in Pathology (a) (b) Figure 1: (a) Coronal view of noncontrast CT demonstrating left abdominal wall mass (arrow). (b) Axial view of noncontrast CT demonstrating left abdominal wall mass measuring approximately 7 cm ×5.5 cm (arrow). have a known history of employment in manufacturing or significant chemical handling. There was no known familyhistory of genetic conditions that would predispose thepatient to multiple malignancies. The patient progressively worsened over months; he developed nausea, dry heaving, and decreased appetite. CT oft h ec h e s ta n dH I D As c a nh a db e e np e r f o r m e dw h i c hr e v e a l e dnonobstructive cholelithiasis with normal gallbladder func-tion. The patient subsequently underwent a noncontrast CTof abdomen and pelvis, which revealed a large abdominalmass measuring 7 cm ×5.5 cm abutting the mid portion of t h et r a n s v e r s ec o l o n ,w i t hn u m e r o u sm e t a s t a t i cf o c ii nt h eliver, lymphadenopathy adjacent to the pancreatic head, alarge lytic lesion involving the tenth rib, and scattered lyticareas throughout the spine and left iliac wing (Figure 1). Thepatient then underwent core biopsy of the abdominal mass. I n i t i a lc o r eb i o p s yo ft h ea b d o m i n a lm a s sr e v e a l e dh i g h l y vascular tissue, the majority necrotic, with small atypical cellsseen on frozen section. Immunohistochemical staining forRCC was negative. CD10 was equivocal with chromograninA and podoplanin (D240) both being negative. Vimentin wasstrongly positive. A consult was made, an additional stainingincluding Cam 5.2, CD31, and ERG. Cam 5.2 revealed raremesothelial cells and the vascular proliferation was positivefor both CD31 and ERG. It was concluded that the degree ofnecrosis precluded a definitive diagnosis but that a vascular neoplasm or well-differentiated angiosarcoma could not be excluded. Repeat core liver biopsy and immunohistochemical stain- ing were performed at an outside institution. The liver biopsy delineated a very hypercellular specimen (Figure 2(a)). The tumor was comprised of a prominent vasoformative network (Figure 2(b)). The endothelial lining cells wereplump and pleomorphic. They had high nuclear to cyto-plasmic ratio with hobnailing hyperchromatic nuclei. The cytoplasm was eosinophilic with indistinct cell borders. The cytology delineated a hypercellular aspirate (Figure 3). Thecells formed a tightly cohesive cluster of epithelioid cells.The cells harbored hyperchromatic nuclei with eosinophiliccytoplasm. On occasion, the cytoplasm demonstrated cyto-plasmic vacuoles and intracytoplasmic lumina. Focally, theclusters were composed of very atypical spindle cells. Thecytology specimen stained negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3a n dp o s i t i v i t yf o rC D 3 1a n dC D 3 4 .S i n c et h es p e c i m e nstained for two vascular immunohistochemical stains (CD31and CD34) in conjunction with pancytokeratin negativity, adiagnosis of angiosarcoma was rendered (Figures 2(c) and2(d)). The patient was scheduled for systemic chemotherapy with doxorubicin as well as palliative, single modality radi-ation therapy of the spine. Radiation was completed first. Thepatient’s chemotherapy regimen was changed to taxol rathert h a nd o x o r u b i c i nd u et ol o we j e c t i o nf r a c t i o ns e e no nM U G Ascan. However, prior to initiation of chemotherapy the patientwas hospitalized for confusion, lethargy, and enterococcalbacteremia. The decision was made to discharge the patientwith hospice care and he died 13 days later. 3. Discussion Angiosarcoma is a rare subtype of sarcoma characterizedby endothelial cell proliferation, most frequently occurringin the elderly [2]. It may arise anywhere in the body, butcutaneous head and neck lesions are seen most commonly. Immunohistochemical staining generally includes positivity for CD31, CD34, factor VIII, agglutinin 1, and VEGF [9]. AnERG, a newer vascular stain, usually demonstrates nuclearpositivity. Presentation is nonspecific, though it has beensuggested that malignant ascites is the most frequently seenmanifestation [6]. The hepatic variant of angiosarcoma is bestknown for its relationship to chemical exposures but remainsa rare entity that can be mistaken for atypical hepatocellularcarcinoma [2]. To our knowledge, the patient described didnot experience significant ascites but did develop anasarcalater in his disease. The differential diagnosis in this patient is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), unclassified for which he underwent a" 927 W3022402141.pdf 0 "ARTICLE A self-operating broadband spectrometer on a droplet P. Malara1✉, A. Giorgini1, S. Avino1, V. Di Sarno1, R. Aiello1, P. Maddaloni1, P. De Natale2& G. Gagliardi1 Small-scale Fourier transform spectrometers are rapidly revolutionizing infrared spectro- chemical analysis, enabling on-site and remote sensing applications that were hardly ima-ginable just few years ago. While most devices reported to date rely on advanced photonicintegration technologies, here we demonstrate a miniaturization strategy which harnessesunforced mechanisms, such as the evaporation of a liquid droplet on a partially re flective substrate. Based on this principle, we describe a self-operating opto fluidic spectrometer and the analysis method to retrieve consistent spectral information in spite of the intrinsicallynon-reproducible droplet formation and evaporation dynamics. We experimentally realize thedevice on the tip of an optical fiber and demonstrate quantitative measurements of gas absorption with a 2.6 nm resolution, in a 100 s acquisition time, over the 250 nm spanallowed by our setup ’s components. A direct comparison with a commercial optical analyzer clearly points out that a simple evaporating droplet can be an ef ficient small-scale, inex- pensive spectrometer, competitive with the most advanced integrated photonic devices.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16206-8 OPEN 1Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.2Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy.✉email: pietro.malara@ino.cnr.it NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2020) 11:2263 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16206-8 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 11234567890():,;" 928 W2572298800.pdf 4 "MediatorsofInflammation 5 Counts39 64 T-betWT Gnaq−/− (a) ∗∗T-bet+(%) 020406080 WTGnaq−/− (b) Figure3:LossofG𝛼qenhancestheexpressionofT-bet.(a)Purifiedna ¨ıveCD4+TcellsfromWTand Gnaq−/−micewerestimulatedwith anti-CD3/CD28(3𝜇g/mL),inthepresenceofmouseIL-12(20ng/mL),mouseIL-2(20ng/mL),andanti-IL-4(10 𝜇g/mL)forfivedays.Cells were harvested, fixed, permeabilized, and stained with PE-cy7-conjugated anti-T-bet and analyzed by flow cytometry. (b) The percentage of T-bet+cells was calculated. All data are presented as mean ±SD;∗∗𝑃<0.05,𝑛=3. The result is representative of three independent experiments. collected and cytokine concentrations were measured by ELISAassay.ResultdemonstratedthatsecretionlevelofIFN-𝛾wasalsomuchhigherin Gnaq−/−CD4 +Tcell(Figure2(c)). TheseresultsshowedthatG𝛼qregulatesTh1differentiation. 3.3. Absence of G𝛼q Heightened the Expression of T-Bet and p-STAT4 in CD4+TC e l l s .Results presented above identified a negative role of G 𝛼q in Th1 differentiation. T- bet, a Th1-specific T box transcription factor that controlsthe expression of IFN-𝛾, is a critical regulator for Th1 cell differentiation[19].Toexploreunderlyingmechanismoftheregulation of G𝛼q in Th1 differentiation, we next detected the status of T-bet in WT and Gnaq−/−CD4 +T cells under Th1 polarizing condition. After 5 days of induction, cellswere harvested and expression of T-bet was analyzed byflow cytometry (Figure 3(a)). Result showed that expression level of T-bet was dramatically increased in Gnaq−/−CD4 + Tc e l l sc o m p a r e dw i t hW TC D 4+T cells (Figure 3(b)). As STAT4 is also a critical factor in Th1 differentiation, wefurther measured the phosphorylation of STAT4 by flowcytometry.Thelevelofphospho-STAT4wasobviouslyhigherinGnaq−/−CD4 +T cells than WT controls (Figure 4). Therefore, results demonstrate that G 𝛼q regulates Th1 cell differentiation by modulating T-bet and STAT4 in Gnaq−/− mice. 3.4. Percentage of Th1 Cells Was Increased in Gnaq −/−BM ChimerasSpontaneouslyDevelopingArthritis. Wehaveiden- tified a negative correlation between G 𝛼qa n dh a l l m a r kTh 1 cytokine (IFN-𝛾)i nR Ap a t i e n t sa n dan e g a t i v er o l eo fG 𝛼q" 929 W2971366737.pdf 5 "seerd worden. Uit dien hoofde kunnen gevalstu- dies behulpzaam zijn in het organisatieonder­ zoek. Beschrijvende gevalstudies concentreren zich in hoofdzaak op het zo nauwgezet mogelijk verhalen van de werkelijke gang van zaken in dat deel van de werkelijkheid, waar de aandacht in het bijzonder naar uitgaat. Het is de probleem­ stelling die aangeeft wat zo nauwkeurig mogelijk beschreven dient te worden. Het gaat in deze gevalstudies om het stellen van ’wie, wat en welk’-vragen (Verschuren, 1986).1 0 Het is echter moeilijk aan de hand van verkennende en beschrijvende gevalstudies tot theorie-ontwikke- ling te komen. Dit heeft te maken met het feit dat het respectievelijk verkennen en beschrijven reeds een doel op zich is. Voor bijvoorbeeld een verklarende gevalstudie geldt dat het verkennen en beschrijven louter een middel is om tot het onderkennen van oorzakelijkheidsrelaties te komen. Verklarende gevalstudies hebben in het organisatie-onderzoek dan ook als doel de oorza­ kelijkheidsrelaties die bestaan tussen organisatie- verschijnselen bloot te leggen. Verklarende gevalstudies bieden daardoor mogelijkheden tot voorspelling (Verschuren, 1986)."" Aan de hand van verklarende gevalstudies kunnen we aanto­ nen dat bepaalde organisatiefenomenen (bijvoor­ beeld strategieveranderingen) leiden tot andere organisatiefenomenen (bijvoorbeeld structuurver­ anderingen). Tevens is het mogelijk de richting van de oorzakelijkheid vast te stellen. De moge­ lijkheden voor theorievorming zijn deswege gro­ ter. Bij gevalstudies die aanleiding kunnen geven tot het ontwikkelen van theorieën geldt dat impliciet wordt uitgegaan van de veronderstelling, dat de resultaten van de gevalstudie(s) over meerdere gevallen gegeneraliseerd kunnen worden (een extern geldigheidsvraagstuk). Deze veronderstel­ ling zal expliciet gemaakt moeten worden. Som­ mige gevalstudies worden immers louter als voorbeeld opgevoerd, en hebben in het geheel niet de pretentie externe geldigheidswaarde te bezitten. Daarmee zijn we aanbeland bij de laatste functie van een gevalstudie: de gevalstudie als illustratie van een theoretisch construct dat de betreffende onderzoeker(s) nader wil(len) bena­ drukken. Zo was de functie van het beknopt behandelen van de internationale joint ventureNUMMI (tussen General Motors en Toyota) in het artikel van Jagersma en Bell (1992) louter illustra­ tief. Het doel was om aan te geven dat een inter­ nationale joint venture een medium kan zijn voor het genereren van een produkt (een automobiel) en/of een dienst (een leerproces). Daarmee werd een theoretisch construct inzichtelijk gemaakt. Gevalstudies kunnen in bepaalde omstandighe­ den krachtige illustraties zijn voor op het eerste gezicht complexe theoretische constructen en relaties. 4.3 Minpunten Dat neemt niet weg dat het toepassen van geval­ studies met nogal wat haken en ogen is omge­ ven. Gevalstudies zouden vanuit methodologisch perspectief weinig robuust zijn. Naar aanleiding van gevalstudies gegenereerde kennis zou daar­ door niet betrouwbaar zijn en daarmee weinig wetenschappelijk. Gevalstudies zijn daarenboven vaak tijdrovende exercities. Dit maakt het toepas­ sen van gevalstudies niet zelden tot een kostbare aangelegenheid. Door het tijdrovende karakter van gevalstudies kan pas na lange tijd bepaald worden in hoeverre de gevalstudie geslaagd is c.q. beantwoord heeft aan de oorspronkelijke doelstelling(en) (i.e. zoals weergegeven in de probleemstelling). Nauw hiermee verweven is het derde kritiekpunt. Gevalstudies willen nog wel- eens resulteren in enorme hoeveelheden gege­ vens. Dit maakt gevalstudies tot moeilijk 'beheersbare' onderzoeksstrategieën. Een vierde kritiekpunt concentreert zich op de geringe gene­ ralisatiemogelijkheden van organisatie-onderzoek dat gebruik maakt van gevalstudies. Het gaat hier om het 'bereik' van de naar aanleiding van de gevalstudie gegenereerde inzichten (i.e. een extern geldigheidsvraagstuk). Tot slot wordt de gevalstudie wel opgevat als een voorbode voor het 'echte' onderzoek. De gevalstudie als vere­ delde 'pilot study’. Volgens deze opvatting zijn onderzoekers aan de hand van het praktiseren van gevalstudies slechts in staat theoretische constructen beter de definiëren, onderzoeksvra­ gen te actualiseren (alsmede nieuwe onder­ zoeksvragen te ontwikkelen) en het onderzoeks- 62 januari/febm ari 1993 " 930 W2160234371.pdf 0 "KALMAN FILTER RESIDUAL EXPERT SYSTEM Captain Jeff Grimshaw and Major Phil Amburn AFIT/EN G Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio Abstract The Pilot's Associate (PA) program has been initiated to liclp mitigate the extensive workload of the fightcr pilot. To operate effectively, tlie PA system must have situation awareness: an integrated ""feel"" for the condition of on-board systems and the status and significance of external objects. Thus, the PA must continually monitor and evaluate im- portant aircraft, weapon, and threat systems as well as terrain and weather conditions. Thc required information is gained llirougli sensor systcms. The data from these systems must be ""fused"" together to present tlie PA with a coherent picture of the environment. One common technique for fusing sensor data uses Kalman filters in a multiple model adaptive filter (WAF). Wc prcscnt an iniprovcd filtcr sclcction tcchniquc as part of an advanced MMAF. A knowlcdgc-bascd system is used to augment the usual sclcction technique, and preliminary rcsults indicate that tliis approach hclps in situations that arc known to cause problems for Kalman filtcr-based MMAF systems. Historical Background. The workload of the fightcr pilot has becn stcadily in- creasing. Today's pilot is expcctcd to kecp track of a myriad of systcms arid sub-systcnis, clicckirig than for anomalics, wliilc simultaneously engaging a targct and possibly cvading a hostile threat. This workload will continuc to iiicrcasc as tlic ncxt gcncratiori of figlitcr aircraft introduce ncw scnsors to which llie pilot must rcspond. I'hc inforniation contcnt of tlic scnsor ""subsystcnis"" is stcadily increasing through innovations such as active-clcnicnt phased-array radar antcnnas, focal-plane array infrarcd sensors, on-board digital tcrrain and lcaturc storage systcms. high-scnsitivity with high-angular accuracy anti-radiation sensors, iniprovcd navigation sensors and intcgratcd coniniunications systcnis [ 4,p. 1 3 3 01. To alleviate tlic workload of futurc fightcr pilots, tlic Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has created the Pilot's Associate (PA) Program. The specific pur- pose of this program is to demonstate and evaluate die use of artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems for increasing the effectiveness of future combat aircraft. The kernel task of die PA system is the retrieval of available sensor data and the development of assessments based upon that data. Without this ""real world"" information, the system can neither suggest nor initiate logical actions. Sensor Fusion. A significant problem with perceiving the external state is Uie uncertainty associated with the sensed data. Sensors may be designed to provide various types of information about potential threats. Each sensor has its own strengths and weakncsses arid thus supplies data with varying degrees of precision and accuracy. For instance, a laser rangefinder may provide excellc~it range data and relatively poor elevation and azimiitli data. By combining data from various sources, using some type of sensor fusion process, complementary and compcting interpretations can be combined to determine the most likely cxtenial state. Tlirce categorics of techniques have been developed to ntldrcss the fusion problem. Thc first uses AI techniques dcveloped to facilitate reasoning under uncertainty (RUU). This twlinique uses processed data, possibly refined by Kalman filters. The second tcchnique is a hybrid approach that attempls to address bolli the post-filter RUU techniques as well as tlie proccssing of the raw data that occurs within the filters. Thc last tcclinique conccntrates on the processes that go on within tlie Khan filter system, using expert knowlcdge to make improvements in performance. A fairly comprchcnsive rcvicw of current work in hantlling uncertainty in expcrt systems has bccn written by P.P. Boriissorie 121. Hc concludes that there are two basic ap- proaclics to rcprcscriting unccrtainty: numcrical and symbolic charactcri~itions [2,p.2]. Numerical approaches are cliaractcr- izcd by valucs rcprcscntcd by a single numbcr or an interval. An examplc of this approach is the Evidcntial Reasoning work done by Thomas Garvey, et. al., [5,p.319]. This technique is bascd upon llie Dcmpstcr-Shafcr tlicory [2,p.9] arid lends ieelf to problcnis where the relationships and indepcndcnce between variablcs can be fully described. The symbolic approach may be applicable wlicn thc information provided tends to be subjective or have imprecise relationships between variables [2,p.2]. An example of this type of approach is the work done by Steven Shafer, et& in developirig a framework for sensor 360 U.S. Government work not protected by U.S. copyright." 931 W2106149286.pdf 5 "V o l . 1 , N o . 3 International Education Studies 8qualification. •The delivery of value poses the biggest challenges to the w hole idea of the Fd provision. The inbound logistics are from largely the same background that HNs used to recru it from with a few more students coming from a widening participation background. The institutional behaviour is mixed in excitement that recruitment is aided by the support from FDF but confusing that the new provision has different demands on the mode of delivery and attitude of the student. Some of the students are difficult to motivate as they are not from academically inclined backgrounds. HEIs and FEIs are supposed to reinvent themselves in the face of new challenges posed by Fds. There is need for mutual cooperation with employers in both design and delivery of courses. But, it is do ubtful if organisations would want to continue to work FEIs and HEIs in delivering the Fds for a long st retch of time. It is not in conceivable that the FD will simply transform into a Higher Nationa l where there is no partnersh ip in design and delivery. In emphasizing the case for Fds Morgan et al (2004: p 359) state that: … There had to be a clear justification for introducing a new award in place of the existing HNCs and HNDs. Principally and pragma tically these opport unities included: •Flexibility of student choice (of modules to satisfy name d Foundation degree awar ds e.g Finance, HRM, Marketing, Leisure and Tourism, reflecting existin g and emerging voca tional preferences.); •Vocational relevance emphasizing the development of work-related skills; •The opportunity to include APEL processes •The development of Modern Apprendices and NVQs, which could be used as access points The opportunity for students to continue to undertake related components of the award during traditional academic holiday periods. The Leitch report is often referred to as the sp ark for many changes in education. Below is a summary of the key objectives some of which have led to the development of the Fd. It is clear th at the desire is to increase the proportion of people with a level 4 qualification into which Fds fall into from 29% in 2005 to 40% in 2020. The Leitch report (Prosp erity for all in the global economy – world class skills ) sets four groups of targets for raising the level of adult skills in the UK by 2020. They were: For basic functional numera cy and literacy: 95% of adults, up fr om 85 and 79% respectively in 2005. (1) At level 2 (e.g. 5 GCSEs at grade A to C but also various vocational qualifications): 90% of adults, up from 69% in 2005. (2) At level 3: 1.9 million additional level 3 attainments over the period as well as an extra 0.5 million apprentices each year. (3) At level 4 (e.g. both university degrees as well as some professional qualifications e.g. in teaching and nursing): 40%, up from 29% in 2005. (http://www.npi.org.uk/lites/leitch.pdf, accessed 10.07.07) Morgan et al (2004: p 354) state that: The expansion of higher education (HE) during the 19 80s and 1990s with government aspirations of a 50% participation rate (by students under the age of 30 by th e year 2010) in HE has raised a number of concerns, amongst others, about the potential un dermining of values, its relationships with society and its role in economic prosperity. In emphasizing the need to expand higher education provision in UK, the Dfes argues that: For all these reasons, we believe that our target to increase participation in higher education towards 50 per cent of those aged 18–30 by the end of the decade , linked to our wider aim to prepare 90 per cent of young people for higher education or skilled employment, is right. Moreover, since on latest estimates England currently has a participation rate for 18–30 year olds of 43 per cent, the further increase we n eed to achieve 50 per cent by 2010 is relatively modest. The chart overleaf shows how other countries compare, using the nearest comparab le OECD measure. … We welcome the fact that an objective review of the way in which the 50 per cent ta rget is measured (the Initial Entry Rate) has just begun – led by the Office for National Statistics. Views are in vited via the National Sta tistics website until the end of February 2003. The aim is to increase the rigour and transparency of the method for measuring our progress . (http://www.dfes.gov.uk/hegateway/strategy/ hestrategy/expand.shtml, accessed 13.07.07) Thse arguments by Morgan et al (2004) and the Dfes fu rther confirm assertions made in the Leitch report in emphasizing the pressures for increasing the need for highe r qualifications, ie at level 4. In view of the political statements that this action makes it is inconceivable not to be skeptical about the expansion of education provision in that it carries both a principle of development and po litical appeal no wonder Tony Blair prime minister of the UK (1997 – 2007) had his key policy centred on what he termed Education! Education! Education!" 932 W3119904628.pdf 1 "lung cancer [ 8,9], whereas other studies have shown that the DD genotype of ACE contributes to a higher risk of lung cancer [ 10–13]. However, another study has shown that the ACE ‘ID’genotype might increase the risk of lung cancer [ 14]. In addition, other studies have shown no association between ACE I/D polymorphism and lung cancer [ 15–19]. To more accurately assess the potential relationship between the ACE I/D polymorph- ism and the risk of lung cancer, we performed a meta- analysis using all eligible published studies. Methods Search strategies We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature in the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) electronic databases, covering relevant studies published as of June 31, 2019. The keywords for the search were as follows: ( “angiotensin-converting en- zyme ”OR “ACE ”)A N D( “polymorphism ”OR “variant ” OR “mutation ”) AND ( “Lung cancer ”OR “lung neo- plasm ”’). The literature on relevant data was searched in English and Chinese. In addition, retrieved articles and references were manually searched. Referring to the Pre- ferred Reporting Project (PRISMA) Guide for Systematic Evaluation and Meta-Analysis [ 20], an information flow diagram related to the final eligibility data was con- structed by screening all retrieved studies. Inclusion and exclusion criteria Screening for the studies of the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer was performed according to the following inclusion criteria: (1) the design of the study was case –control; (2) the full text can be found; (3) the genotype information of the ACE I/D polymorphism was available; (4) therelationship of the ACE I/D polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer was evaluated. The major exclusion cri- teria were: (1) not a case –control study; (2) repeating early publications (studies used in different publications for the same sample data, including only the most complete samples after careful review); (3) unpublished articles, conference papers, meta-analysis, and systematic reviews; (4) family-based pedigree research. This meta- analysis strictly followed the requirements of PRISMA [20]. Data extraction The data of the selected studies were independently ex- tracted by two researchers using standard data collection forms. The information extracted from the literature was as follows: first author, year of publication, country of origin, mean age and gender in cases and controls, num- ber of cases and controls, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, genotyping method, source of controls, and available genotype frequency information for ACE I/D. If the same sample data appeared in multiple publications, only publi- cations with the largest sample size were included in the study. The differences between the two investigators were resolved through discussion. If the discussion could not resolve the objection between the two researchers, the ob- jection was judged by a third investigator. All data were obtained from the full text of the published research, and the authors were not contacted for further information. All information on the participants in the selected studies is presented in Table 1. Study quality assessment Two evaluators evaluated the quality of the included studies according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) [22], which is applicable to the quality assessment of ob- servational studies. The difference between the two Table 1 Characteristic of studies included in the meta-analysis Author year country Ethnicity Age group Genotype MethodsSource of control NOS score HWE Peddireddy et al [ 14] 2018 South Indian Asia Adult PCR PB 8 0.726 Phukan et al [ 9] 2014 Northeast India Asia Adult PCR PB 8 0.227 Ozen et al [ 16] 2013 Turkey Caucasians Adult PCR PB 7 0.920 Shi et al [ 12] 2014 China Asia Adult PCR-SSP PB 6 0.308 Cheon et al [ 15] 2000 Korea Asia Adult PCR – 6 0.133 Yaren et al [ 17] 2008 Turkey Caucasians Adult PCR – 7 0.470 Nacak et al [ 8] 2010 Turkey Caucasians Adult PCR PB 8 0.268 Wang et al [ 13,21] 2000 China Asia Adult PCR – 6 0.861 Zhang et al [ 18] 2005 China Asia Adult PCR HB 7 0.109 Gao et al [ 11] 2012 China Asia Adult PCR HB 6 0.018 Devic Pavlic et al [ 10] 2012 Croatia Caucasians Adult PCR HB 7 0.909 Ding et al [ 19] 2008 China Asia Adult PCR HB 7 0.175Chen et al. BMC Cancer (2021) 21:158 Page 2 of 9" 933 W3011567797.pdf 6 "7 Scientific RepoRtS | (2020) 10:4939 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61893-4 www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Figure 4. Case vignette of a 48-year old female former gymnast (BMI 27.6 kg/m2; ASA 2), who underwent uneventful L4-S1 single-stage anterior lumbar interbody fusion and posterior spinal fusion for intractable low back pain and bilateral lower extremity pain (left > right) due to degenerative disc disease at L4-S1 with grade-1 isthmic spondylolisthesis at L5-S1 (ODI 48). (a) Preoperative sagittal T2-weighted MRI. (b) Preoperative long- cassette x-ray show a high pelvic incidence of 70° and a lumbar lordosis (LL) of 62° with preserved sagittal vertical alignment (SV A) of +3.5 cm. (c) Individual activity data is illustrated over time, from 30 days before the day of surgery (DOS), over postoperative weeks (W) 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 (M3), 26 and 52 (Y1). At her M3 follow-up visit the patient reports being 95% better compared to preoperative (ODI 12) and her standing x-rays are unremarkable. At her Y1 follow-up visit, she reports new onset of mild low back pain and some left-sided leg pain, translating into lesser activity and mild increase in the ODI (18). (d) The MRI at Y1 shows a solid fusion at the L4-S1 levels with adjacent segment disease, mild disc protrusion and facet disease at L3-4. The patient improved after additional epidural steroid injection at the L3-4 level and so far no additional surgical treatment was required. (e) Post-operative long-cassette x-ray show a LL of 72°, SV A of +1 cm. Figure 5. A 33-year old male patient (BMI 26.2 kg/m2; ASA 2) underwent an uneventful right L5/S1 microdiscectomy for right S1-lumboradicular pain resulting from LDH and non-responsive to conservative management (ODI 50). (a,b) Preoperative sagittal (a) and axial (b) T2-weighted MRI. (c) Individual activity data is illustrated over time, from 30 days before the day of surgery (DOS), over postoperative weeks (W) 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 (M3) and 26. Initially, he experienced complete resolution of his symptoms. After a decrease in the activity level at the 1 st postoperative week, he was able to regain (2nd week) and almost double his baseline activity at the 4th week. He then carried a 5-gallon (40-50lbs) jug of paint about seven weeks postoperative and noted new onset of low back and right-sided leg pain with a new plantarflexion weakness (*). A repeat MRI was consistent with a re-herniated right paramedian L5/S1 LDH (d) sagittal view; (e) axial view). The patient underwent repeat surgery (S) about 14 weeks after the initial surgery. The M3 ODI was 48 and the Y1 ODI 36. The patient decided against further objective step count measurements for this study beyond 217 days postoperative." 934 W2279445833.pdf 1 "Effects of dietar y lysine le vel on gr owing pig per formance (1989) Effects of dietar y lysine le vel on gr owing pig per formance (1989) Authors Authors D F. Li, M E. Johnst on, Jim L. Nelssen, and Rober t D. Goodband This r esear ch repor t is a vailable in Kansas Agricultur al Experiment Station Resear ch Repor ts: https:/ /newpr airiepr ess.or g/kaesrr/v ol0/iss10/452" 935 W3105026288.pdf 1 "JHEP01(2019)014Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 't Hooft anomaly matching condition 2 2.1 Setup 2 2.2 Chiral symmetry 3 2.3 Center symmetry 4 2.4 't Hooft anomaly 5 2.5 Domain-wall 7 3 Example of chiral symmetry breaking without bilinear condensate 7 3.1 Example 7 3.2 Con nement 8 3.3 No fermion bilinear 8 4 Summary and discussion 9 1 Introduction 't Hooft anomaly matching condition [ 1] is a powerful tool to investigate the phase structure of strongly coupled quantum eld theories. Since the 't Hooft anomaly is invariant under the renormalization group ow, it often strongly constrains the vacuum structure and the low energy e ective theory. 't Hooft anomaly matching condition of discrete symmetry has also been shown to be useful [ 2]. Recently it has been shown in [ 3, 4] that 't Hooft anomaly matching including higher form symmetries is also powerful. In particular the center symmetry of the gauge theory, a typical example of a 1-form symmetry, and its twist are related to con nement; the con ning phase is characterized by the absence of spontaneous breaking of the center symmetry. Therefore by considering the mixed 't Hooft anomaly of the center symmetry, one may nd constraints of the phase structure of the theory in the con ning phase. There has been interesting progress along this line [ 5{21]. In this paper we investigate a 4-dimensional SU( N) gauge theory with a Weyl fermion in an irreducible self-conjugate representation R. The U(1) phase rotation of the fermion in this theory is broken to Z`;(`: Dynkin index of R) due to the anomaly [ 22, 23]. We call this Z`symmetry the \chiral symmetry."" In addition, this theory has the Zqcenter symmetry, where q:= gcd(N;c) andcis theN-ality ofR. We check the mixed 't Hooft anomaly between the chiral symmetry and the center symmetry, and obtain constraints on the spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry under the assumption of con nement. In { 1 {" 936 W3005331653.pdf 10 "Luciferase reporter assay HEK293T cells were transfected with the pGL3 basic luciferase plasmid (Promega) containing the T-bet promoter alone or the T-bet promoter in combination with an upstream enhancer region (Yang et al., 2007 ), or the empty pGL3 basic in combination with an internal control pRL-TK Renilla plasmid (Promega). The T-bet enhancer/promoter plasmid was described before ( Hosokawa et al., 2013 ) and kindly provided by H. Hosokawa (Tokai University, Japan). In order to assess gene regula- tion by c-Maf, putative Maf responsive elements in the promoter and enhancer were mutated using the Q5 Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (New England Biolabs). In addition to mutated reporter plas- mids, cells were co-transfected with c-Maf coding sequence in pMSCV. Luciferase activity was mea- sured on a SpectraMax i33 microplate reader (Molecular Devices) after 24 hr using dual luciferase assay system (Promega). Luciferase activity was determined relative to Renilla. In vitro stimulation of NKp46+CCR6-ILC3s with cytokines CD45+Lineage-(Lineage: anti-CD19, anti-Gr-1, anti-CD3, anti-CD5) ROR gtfm+CD127+NKp46+ CCR6-cells were sort-purified from the siLP of 11–14 week old RorcCreR26EYFPmice. Sorted cells were transferred in complete RPMI medium to a 96 U bottom well plate at a density of 15.000 cells/ well. Subsequently cells were cultured in the presence of IL-7 (20 ng/ml) and SCF (20 ng/ml) plus dif- ferent cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, IL-23; each at 20 ng/ml) for 36 hr before mRNA analysis. For blocking NF- kb activation, BMS-345541, a selective inhibitor of I kB kinase ( Burke et al., 2003 ), was added at a concentration of 1 mM to the culture. In vitro culture of NKp46+CCR6-ILC3s on OP9-DLL1 cells CD45+Lineage-(Lineage: anti-CD19, anti-Gr-1, anti-CD3, anti-CD5) ROR gtfm+CD127+NKp46+ CCR6-cells were sort-purified from the siLP of 11–14 week old RorcCreR26EYFPmice. Sorted cells were transferred in complete RPMI medium to OP9 or OP9-DLL1 cells at a density of 10.000 cells/ well and cultured in the presence of IL-7 (20 ng/ml) and SCF (20 ng/ml) for 12 days before flow cyto- metric analysis. OP9 cells are murine stromal cells derived from OP/OP mice used as feeder cells in lymphocyte differentiation assays. OP9-DLL1 cells are transfected with Notch ligand delta-like-1 (Schmitt and Zu ´n ˜iga-Pflu ¨cker, 2002 ). Prior to adding isolated lymphocytes, confluent feeder cells were treated with 5 mg/ml Mitomycin C (Sigma) for 3 hr at 37˚C and subsequently seeded on a 96 flat bottom well plate at a density of 50.000 cells/well. Bone marrow chimeras Bone marrow cells from wild-type CD45.1+CD90.2+C57BL/6 and CD45.2+CD90.2+RorcCreMaffl/fl mice were mixed in a 1:1 ratio and intravenously injected into sub-lethally irradiated CD90.1+wild- type recipient mice. Small and colonic lamina propria of reconstituted mice were analysed 6 weeks after cell transfer. qPCR mRNA for real-time qPCR was isolated with the RNeasy Plus Micro Kit according to the manual of the manufacturer (QIAGEN). Reverse transcription was done with the High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems) as it is described in the manufacturer’s protocol. qPCR was performed using a Quant Studio five system (Applied Biosystems) and the SYBR Green PCR Master Mix Kit (Applied Biosystems). The mRNA expression is presented relative to the expression of the housekeeping gene hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT). Real-time qPCR primer can be found in Supplementary file 4 . Statistical analysis Data are the mean with SEM and summarize or are representative of independent experiments as specified in the text. Statistical analyses were performed using Prism software (GraphPad) with two- tailed unpaired Student’s ttest (except RNA-seq data). Tizian et al. eLife 2020;9:e52549. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52549 11 of 17Short report Immunology and Inflammation" 937 W4310992513.pdf 18 Page 19/22 938 W2995011514.pdf 44 "Mu et al. Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Tumor-Stroma 731. Amedei A, Niccolai E, Benagiano M, Della Bella C, Cianchi F, Bec hi P, et al. Ex vivo analysis of pancreatic cancer-infiltrating T lymphocy tes reveals that ENO-specific Tregs accumulate in tumor tissue and inhib it Th1/Th17 effector cell functions. Cancer Immunol Immunother . 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Tan E, El-Rayes B. Pancreatic cancer and immunotherapy: resist ance mechanisms and proposed solutions. J Gastrointest Cancer . (2019) 50:1– 8.doi:10.1007/s12029-018-0179-z 766. Heinemann V, Reni M, Ychou M, Richel DJ, Macarulla T, Ducreux M. Tumour-stromainteractionsinpancreaticductaladenocarcinoma: rationale andcurrentevidencefornewtherapeuticstrategies. CancerTreatRev .(2014) 40:118–28.doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.04.004 Frontiers in Oncology | www.frontiersin.org 45 December 2019 | Volume 9 | Article 1359" 939 W2807520881.pdf 5 "Operator effort on the operation of the knapsack sprayer pumping lever Engenharia Agrícola, Jaboticabal, v.38, n.2, p. 238-243, mar./apr. 2018 243 FIGURE 5. Scatter chart of the efforts of the sprayer pumping lever tested with water. In general, the results demonstrate that the “A” Sprayer required more effort for the return activation (17.46 N). The “D” sprayer required a higher activation effort for both before and after reaching the pressure at 300 kPa, being 69.33 N, 108.56 N, resp ectively. The “E” Sprayer was the least intense in relation to the average activation effort to obtain the pressure of 300 kPa (10.10 N).The “A” Sprayer was the most regular and least intense in relation to the average activation effort to maintain the pressure of 300 kPa (26.73 N), besides requiring a smaller amount of activation cycles of the pumping lever to reach the work pressure. Although we obtained only one bibliographical reference that could make the comparisons of the results and despite of this reference being very old, it was observed that the results were very similar to those found by Phadke et al. (1992).Therefore, the application of the proposed methodology proved to be efficient, easy and of low cost, so that further studies could be done to provide data for the analysis of the ergonomic working conditions of sprayers and other manual activation lever. CONCLUS IONS The employed methodology was adequate to measure the operator’s upward and downward effort required for the operation of knapsa ck hand sprayers. Considering the Brazilian laws, CLT - Law no. 6,514, all sprayers obtained satisfactory results, i.e. with effort values below the expected limit. However, only “A” and “E” sprayers obtained satisfactory results for the international indi cations (NASA -STD -3000B) for manual activation lever. REFERENCES França JAL, Gonçalves WS, Romeiro BP, Benett CGS, Silva AR (2015) Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um pulverizador hidráulico de barras rígidas horizontais de baixo custo. Revista de Agricultu ra Neotropical 2(1):17 - 23. 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(3) How big a gap is there between what they value and what they experience? The sequence in which the items appear within any one construct is randomised for each participant, and people are asked to rate each of them on two 6-point Likert scales. At the end of each construct section, respondents are given the opportunity to add any open comments if they wish. The importance scale (IMP) reveals what is important to students —both the importance of the constructs (e.g. SI and AI) and the individual items that are particularly important to them. The higher the importance scores are, the greater the students ’aspirations are for a global education experience. As explained above, this attitudinal element is an important prerequisite for personal growth. The experience scale (EXP) reveals what respondents feel they are actually experiencing with respect to each of the five constructs. As also explained above, experiences of difference are the other important foundation for personal growth. High diversity experience scores are another indicator of an enriching context. The higher the experience scores are, the greater are students ’opportunities for/engagement with aglobal education experience Reliability scores were obtained for each scale (IMP and EXP) for all constructs, and all were extremely high (Cronbach ’sα> 0.85). In addition, confirmatory factor analysis was performed separately for each of the IMP and EXP scales for each construct, which further c o r r o b o r a t e dt h es t a b i l i t yo ft h ec h o s e nc o n s t r u c t s( R M S E A IMP=0 . 0 6 ,R M S E A EXP= 0.06). Naturally, the results from the GEP can be reported as mean scores (per construct and/or per item), but another helpful way is to display them on a matrix. When the two scales (IMP and EXP) are combined, with cut-off points halfway on each scale, they yield four quadrants that provide an overview picture of the diversity engagement context. When people ’sI M Pa n d EXP scores are both high, this is the most positive situation and so this quadrant is labelled ‘flourishing ’.W h e np e o p l e ’s IMP scores are high but the EXP scores are low, this is a problematic situation because of the failure to meet people ’s expectations/desires, and so this quadrant is labelled ‘unfulfilling ’.W h e np e o p l e ’s IMP scores are low but EXP scores are high, the context is positive in terms of actual experiences, but people ’s aspirations are low. This quadrant is labelled ‘nurturing ’. The fourth quadrant is the most problematic in terms of developing ‘global graduates ’because students not only attach low levels of importance to it but also experience it very little. This quadrant is labelled ‘limiting ’.F i g u r e 1illustrates these different perceptual contexts. In our analyses, chi-squared tests with Yates ’continuity correc- tion were used to probe the statistical significance of differences within each quadrant of participants ’IMP and EXP ratings. It is important to mention that these are different measures from student satisfaction. Participants are not asked to rate the quality of the experience, but ‘how much/little ’they experience certain aspects of their university life. Thus, conceptually, these scales are different from commonly used Likert-scales which ask participants to rate their satisfaction with different aspects of their campus life. However, by combining the IMP and EXP scores it is possible to gain insights into their level of satisfaction, but with a more differentiated perspective into the bases of their ratings. This is because if satisfaction is high, it is actually unclear whether their satisfaction is because they regard the particular feature as important and are genuinely experiencing it (and would fall into the flourishing quadrant) or because they do not care about whether they experience it or not (and thus fall into the limiting quadrant). InHigher Education (2019) 78:1035 –1058 1041" 943 W4364375030.pdf 0 "Citation: Alghamdi, A.S. Optimal Power Flow of Hybrid Wind/Solar/Thermal Energy Integrated Power Systems Considering Costs and Emissions via a Novel and Efficient Search Optimization Algorithm. Appl. Sci. 2023 ,13, 4760. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app13084760 Academic Editors: Marcos Tostado-V éliz, Abd Elnaby Kabeel and Salah Kamel Received: 12 March 2023 Revised: 1 April 2023 Accepted: 4 April 2023 Published: 10 April 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). applied sciences Article Optimal Power Flow of Hybrid Wind/Solar/Thermal Energy Integrated Power Systems Considering Costs and Emissions via a Novel and Efficient Search Optimization Algorithm Ali S. Alghamdi Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; aalghamdi@mu.edu.sa Abstract: The OPF problem has significant importance in a power system’s operation, planning, economic scheduling, and security. Today’s electricity grid is rapidly evolving, with increased penetration of renewable power sources (RPSs). Conventional optimal power flow (OPF) has non- linear constraints that make it a highly non-linear, non-convex optimization problem. This complex problem escalates further with the integration of renewable energy resource (RES), which are generally intermittent in nature. This study suggests a new and effective improved optimizer via a TFWO algorithm (turbulent flow of water-based optimization), namely the ITFWO algorithm, to solve non-linear and non-convex OPF problems in energy networks with integrated solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) units (being environmentally friendly and clean in nature). OPF in the energy networks is an optimization problem proposed to discover the optimal settings of an energy network. The OPF modeling contains the forecasted electric energy of WT and PV by considering the voltage value at PV and WT buses as decision parameters. Forecasting the active energy of PV and WT units has been founded on the real-time measurements of solar irradiance and wind speed. Eight scenarios are analyzed on the IEEE 30-bus test system in order to determine a cost-effective schedule for thermal power plants with different objectives that reflect fuel cost minimization, voltage profile improvement, emission gases, power loss reduction, and fuel cost minimization with consideration of the valve point effect of generation units. In addition, a carbon tax is considered in the goal function in the examined cases in order to investigate its effect on generator scheduling. A comparison of the simulation results with other recently published algorithms for solving OPF problems is made to illustrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed ITFWO algorithm. Simulation results show that the improved turbulent flow of water-based optimization algorithm provides an effective and robust high-quality solution of the various optimal power-flow problems. Moreover, results obtained using the proposed ITFWO algorithm are either better than, or comparable to, those obtained using other techniques reported in the literature. The utility of solar and wind energy in scheduling problems has been proposed in this work. Keywords: power systems operation; metaheuristic algorithm; renewable energy resources; optimization; greenhouse gas emissions 1. Introduction 1.1. Motivation The optimal power flow (OPF) is an optimization method to minimize a specific optimization benchmark while satisfying security, physical and feasibility limits. The various OPF problems have been broadly applied in recent studies, and have served as a multi-model, non-linear, and non-convex optimization problem [ 1,2]. In the last two decades, various OPF objective functions had a grandness due to the quick adoption of divided power resources in an energy network [ 3]. The accretion of divided and periodic renewable power sources (RPSs), as with wind energy (WE) and photovoltaic (PV) systems, Appl. Sci. 2023 ,13, 4760. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084760 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci" 944 W2403859484.pdf 6 "In response to exposure of ZnO nanoparticles for 4hrs significant reduction percentage of cell survival was observed against all bacteria (p /C200.005). The lethal effect of ZnO was most effective against C.jejuni and least effective V.cholerae as indicated by decrease in viable cell to 35% and 67% respectively on among all tested bacteria ( Fig 6 ). The Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on cellular morphology of E.coliandS.aureus were exam- ined by SEM. The SEM micrographs of both control and treated E.coliand S.aureus cells are shown in Fig 7 . As shown in Fig 7A and 7C untreated E.coliand S.aureus showed intact cells and normal morphology i.e., rod-shaped and round-shaped, respectively. After exposure to ZnO nanoparticles for 4 h, the irregular cell surface and leakage of cell was observed in case ofE.coli(Fig 7B ) was and whereas in case of S.aureus leakage of cellular components in some cells was observed as highlighted in Fig 7D . Together these survival assay and SEM results sug- gest that the ZnO NPs not only induced changes in cellular morphology but also cause a lethaleffect against the tested bacteria. There are many proposed mechanisms for ZnO NPs action against bacteria. For example, nanoparticles attachment to bacterial cell wall via hydrophobic, electrostatic, and receptor- ligand interactions and van der waals forces which leads to cellular damage and eventual death.Also, ZnO NPs generate reactive oxygen species such as H 2O2. There is an interaction between cell membrane and H 2O2. It has an influence on cell physiological activities by interacting with the cell membrane bilayer and influencing integrity, membrane fluidity, and lateral organiza-tion [ 30,34–36]. These potential effects can be some of the reasons for NPs cytotoxicity. There are many proposed interaction mechanisms of ZnO NPs to bacterial cells, as men- tioned earlier. Important bacterial biomolecules can also adsorb on ZnO NPs. Also, proteinstructural changes and phospholipid molecular damage are more likely reasons for bacterialtoxicity. Toxicity of NPs is probably due to the dissolved metal ions and from NPs tendency to interact with the cell walls. Also, some very basic questions i.e. (i) the toxicities are due to nano- size or just because of composition? (ii) main mechanism of cell damage in NPs-cell surface Fig 3. (a) Kubelka-Munk function “F(R)2”plotted against wavelength (nm). Band gaps of ZnO NPs were also calculated. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154704.g003 Antibacterial, Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0154704 May 16, 2016 7/1 2" 945 W2614509524.pdf 24 "81 Jiří DyndaTrkanjec 2013: Luka Trkanjec, “Chthonic aspects of the Pomeranian deity Triglav and other tricephalic characters in Slavic mythology” , in: Studia Mythologica Slavica 16 (2013), s. 9–25. Turner 1969: Victor W . Turner, The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-structure, Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1969. Versnel 1985: H. S. Versnel, “ Apollo and Mars One Hundred Y ears after Roscher” , in:  Vis- ible Religion: Annual for Religious Iconography, Vol IV–V: Approaches to Iconology, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1985–86, pp. 134–169. Versnel 1990: H. S. Versnel, Ter Unus: Isis, Dionysos, Hermes – Three Studie in Henotheism (Inconsistencies in Greek and Roman Religion I), Leiden – New Y ork – København – Köln: E. J. Brill, 1990. Watkins 1995: Calvert Watkins, How to Kill a Dragon: Aspect of Indo-European Poetics, New Y ork – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. West 2007: M. L. West, Indo-European Poetry and Myth, Oxford – New Y ork, Oxford Uni- versity Press, 2007. Witzel 2003: E. J. Michael Witzel, “Vedas and Upaniṣads” , in: Gavid Flood (ed.), The Black - well Companion to Hinduism , Malden: Blackwell, 2003, pp. 68–98. Witzel 2012: E. J. Michael Witzel, The Origins of the World Mythologies, Oxford – New Y ork: Oxford University Press, 2012." 946 W2947289793.pdf 0 "Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Editorial The One Health Approach—Why Is It So Important? John S Mackenzie1,2,3,* and Martyn Jeggo4 1PathWest, Queen Elizabeth 2 Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia 2Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia 3One Health Platform Foundation, Overheet 48, 9290 Berlare, Belgium 4AUSGEM Governing Board, 31 The Breakwater, Corlette, NSW 2315, Australia; jeggo.martyn@gmail.com *Correspondence: j.mackenzie@curtin.edu.au; Tel.: +61-439875697 Received: 28 May 2019; Accepted: 30 May 2019; Published: 31 May 2019 /gid00030/gid00035/gid00032/gid00030/gid00038/gid00001/gid00033/gid00042/gid00045 /gid00001 /gid00048/gid00043/gid00031/gid00028/gid00047/gid00032/gid00046 It has become increasingly clear over the past three decades that the majority of novel, emergent zoonotic infectious diseases originate in animals, especially wildlife [ 1], and that the principal drivers of their emergence are associated with human activities, including changes in ecosystems and land use, intensification of agriculture, urbanisation, and international travel and trade [ 2–6]. A collaborative and multi-disciplinary approach, cutting across boundaries of animal, human, and environmental health, is needed to understand the ecology of each emerging zoonotic disease in order to undertake a risk assessment, and to develop plans for response and control. The term ‘One Health’ was first used in 2003–2004, and was associated with the emergence of severe acute respiratory disease (SARS) in early 2003 and subsequently by the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, and by the series of strategic goals known as the ‘Manhattan Principles’ derived at a meeting of the Wildlife Conservation Society in 2004, which clearly recognised the link between human and animal health and the threats that diseases pose to food supplies and economies. These principles were a vital step in recognising the critical importance of collaborative, cross-disciplinary approaches for responding to emerging and resurging diseases, and in particular, for the inclusion of wildlife health as an essential component of global disease prevention, surveillance, control, and mitigation [7]. The outbreak of SARS, the first severe and readily transmissible novel disease to emerge in the 21st century, led to the realisation that (a) a previously unknown pathogen could emerge from a wildlife source at any time and in any place and, without warning, threaten the health, well-being, and economies of all societies; (b) there was a clear need for countries to have the capability and capacity to maintain an e ective alert and response system to detect and quickly react to outbreaks of international concern, and to share information about such outbreaks rapidly and transparently; and (c) responding to large multi-country outbreaks or pandemics requires global cooperation and global participation using the basic principles enshrined in One Health [ 8]. The emergence and spread of influenza H5N1 has been another excellent example of the importance of global cooperation and a One Health approach driven by the widespread concern that it might become the next influenza pandemic strain. It also served as a catalyst for the United Nations Secretary General to appoint a UN Systems Coordinator for Avian and Animal Influenza (UNSIC), and to form a major collaboration with a number of international and national organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and World Bank and various national heath ministries, to develop the International Ministerial Conferences on Avian and Pandemic Influenza (IMCAPI). IMCAPI was a major driver in the surveillance and responses to influenza H5N1 [ 9] and subsequently in the development of a strategic framework built around a One Health approach that focussed on diminishing the risk and minimizing the global impact of epidemics and pandemics due to emerging infectious diseases [10]. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2019 ,4, 88; doi:10.3390 /tropicalmed4020088 www.mdpi.com /journal /tropicalmed" 947 W2895795204.pdf 2 "No-cyclops group (n = 51) Cyclopoid group (n = 27) Cyclops group (n = 16)105 patients TTT ≥ 4 group (n = 47) TTT < 4 group (n = 47) 120 patients Matched Age, Sex, BMI, meniscus injuryExclusion  Previous ligament injury  Revision ACL reconstruction  Concomitant MCL injury (> grade III) 94 patients47 patients with TTT ≥ 4 58 patients with TTT < 4 Subanalysis  Blood examination data at different time points between 3 groups: Table 3  Range of motion at different time points between 3 groups: Table 4 Fig. 1 Flow diagram of patients screened and grouped. ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; MCL, medial collateral ligament; BMI; body mass index; TTT, thymol turbidity test Fig. 2 Arthroscopic findings during second-look arthroscopy after ACL reconstruction. Knee flexion position ( a-c) and extension position ( d-f) are shown. A patient without cyclops ( a,d). A patient with a cyclopoid lesion ( b,e). A patient with a cyclops lesion impinging on the intercondylar notch ( c,f)Kodama et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2018) 19:367 Page 3 of 7" 948 W4386371524.pdf 5 "Nutrients 2023 ,15, 3823 6 of 17 Nutrients 2023 , 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 17 Figure 2. Maternal obesity aggravates CAWS -induced v asculitis in offspring mice . (A) OB group still weighed more than the WT group on a normal diet, while mice in both WT -CAWS group and OB-CAWS group showed a remarkabl e weight loss after the CAWS injection, and their body weight gradually recovered after 2 weeks of the experiment. The weight of mice in the WT -CAWS group returned to normal at the 4th week of the study, while the weight of mice in the OB -CAWS group recovered slowly and was still significantly lower than that of the control group at the end of the study. “**”, “***”, indicates p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively. (B) There was no significant difference in the heart weigh t/body weight ratio between different groups. ( C) H&E staining was used to ex- amine the histopathological changes of the aorta and abdominal aorta, and representative images are shown. The arrows indicate the main pathological changes. Scale bar of the abdominal aorta: 100 μm. Scale bar of the aorta: sca le bars of the upper pictures and the lower pictures are 200 μm and 50 μm, respectively. 3.2. Maternal Obesity Induces Altered Cardiac Structure in Offspring Mice To determine whether maternal obesity affected the cardiac conformation of off- spring mice, ec hocardiography was used to monitor the relevant parameters. In the pre- sent study, maternal obesity demonstrated several structural alternations in the left ven- tricular (LV) of the offspring. In detail, maternal obesity is associated with thicker left ven- tricular posterior wall in end -systole (LVPWs) and end -diastole (LVPWd) (Figure 3A, B), thicker interventricular septum in end -systole (IVSs) (Figure 3C) and end -diastole (IVSd) (Figure 3D), decreased left ventricular internal dimension in end -systole (LVIDs ) (Figure Figure 2. Maternal obesity aggravates CAWS-induced vasculitis in offspring mice. ( A) OB group still weighed more than the WT group on a normal diet, while mice in both WT-CAWS group and OB-CAWS group showed a remarkable weight loss after the CAWS injection, and their body weight gradually recovered after 2 weeks of the experiment. The weight of mice in the WT-CAWS group returned to normal at the 4th week of the study, while the weight of mice in the OB-CAWS group recovered slowly and was still significantly lower than that of the control group at the end of the study. “**”, “***”, indicates p< 0.01, p< 0.001, respectively. ( B) There was no significant difference in the heart weight/body weight ratio between different groups. ( C) H&E staining was used to examine the histopathological changes of the aorta and abdominal aorta, and representative images are shown. The arrows indicate the main pathological changes. Scale bar of the abdominal aorta: 100m.Scale bar of the aorta: scale bars of the upper pictures and the lower pictures are 200 m and 50m, respectively." 949 W2946383414.pdf 15 "15Y east from Distillery Plants: A New Approach DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86291 Y east species Pb (II) Cd (II) Cr (VI) Time (h) 0.2 3 6 24 48 0.2 3 6 24 48 0.2 3 6 24 48 C. ethanolica 2.0 1.2 2.2 2.9 4.0 2.6 0.9 2.7 1.8 2.9 - - - 0.6 0.2 C. lactis-condensi 10.9 10.6 10.6 9.6 9.8 0.7 0.4 1.5 -0.2 5.0 - - - - - C. sake 4.7 10.1 8.0 10.5 10.2 2.4 2.4 0.9 2.3 -0.1 - - - - - H. meyeri 16.8 20.7 20.5 21.4 14.2 - - - - - - 0.6 1.2 0.5 0.9 H. osmophila 5.6 6.6 7.4 5.0 5.8 6.4 4.9 5.4 6.1 5.3 - - - 0.9 - H. uvarum 5.3 5.8 9.4 9.6 10.4 3.9 6.8 6.4 8.2 8.7 4.6 4.8 6.3 4.9 1.4 H. valbyensis 3.8 9.2 5.7 6.4 5.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 - - 3.3 3.4 2.5 3.8 1.3 H. vineae 9.9 9.8 9.5 8.6 9.4 5.2 5.6 7.4 5.8 4.5 1.9 2.6 2.4 3.0 3.3 L. thermotolerans 1.3 1.3 2.3 0.4 18.2 2.7 4.0 3.1 1.6 1.9 - 2.3 1.4 2.2 3.7 O. polymorpha 10.8 10.0 9.9 11.1 10.5 4.5 4.3 5.0 4.4 4.2 - - - - - P . anomala 5.1 5.7 9.6 10.3 10.7 5.1 4.9 5.1 6.0 5.8 - 2.2 2.7 3.4 3.4 P . galeiformis 0.9 3.0 2.3 2.0 1.7 3.3 6.8 6.7 7.1 7. 0 - - - - 1.8 P . kudriavzevii 18.5 19.6 21.5 19.2 19.3 10.5 11.3 11.2 12.3 12.8 7.1 7.4 2.1 0.8 0.2 P . membranaefaciens 20.7 20.4 20.9 20.1 20.2 2.8 3.2 3.3 2.6 2.3 9.5 9.7 11. 8.9 8.2 S. cerevisiae 6.0 6.6 9.0 8.1 10.7 5.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 7.6 2.0 3.8 5.7 4.4 4.8 S. ludwigii 19.7 22.7 28.1 2 7.8 30.1 1.0 2.6 3.3 2.3 0.2 4.1 5.6 4.5 7.5 5.7 T . delbrueckii 3.2 4.2 5.0 7.7 8.6 2.2 2.2 3.3 3.1 3.4 0.9 3.5 3.8 5.3 4.2 Z. bailii 19.4 19.1 19.5 13.5 17. 0 0.4 0.8 0.5 2.0 2.8 - 0.2 - 1.1 1.2 Z. fermentati 6.9 7.8 9.9 7.9 7.6 7.6 8.2 10.4 11.4 13.7 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.4 3.3 Table 4. Percentage elimination of Pb (II), Cd (II) and Cr (VI) by different yeast species compared to the contr ol" 950 W3008585290.pdf 9 "Agronomy 2020 ,10, 320 10 of 15 3.2.3. Proportion of Soil Respiration to Ecosystem Respiration Overall, averaged SR represented about 31% of ER on the upland (13.4 out of 43.2 kg CO 2-C ha" 951 W4307164453.pdf 18 "targeted technology studies that sample surrogate users , 69.7% use students, and 23.6% use crowdworkers, with the remaining employing faculty/staff, or not even mentioning the make-up of the sample. These user types are considered as surrogates for real users when they are not from the target population of the technology developed, and the impact of the high use of surrogate users for targeted technologies is an exciting area for future research. At some level, the use of surrogate users is understandable for many researchers, as the availability of real users can be limited, recruitment of real users in suf ficient numbers can be quite challenging, and the payment of real users in substantial numbers can be somewhat expensive. However, there are methods to address or at least mitigate these hurdles. Based primarily on the experience of the authors, some of these techniques are: /C15Crowdworker Platforms : Unlike MTurk, which at the time of this study provides limited sample selection features, some other crowdworker platforms offer rather sophisticated sampling methods and access to populations of real users from various domains, demographics, and experiences, mitigating access issues to real users and offering the payment of real users at a reasonable cost. Additionally, some of these platforms offer advance quality control features, although, of course, there are both pros and cons of using these crowdworker platforms ( Peer et al., 2022 ;Salminen, Jung & Jansen, 2021 ). /C15Partnering with Commercial Companies, Non-pro fits, and Governmental Organizations : Paying real users , especially in some specialty domains, can be rather expensive. A technique to help mitigate the cost of real users for user studies is to partner with a commercial entity (or non-pro fit or government agency) to provide participants and conduct the user study at the workplace to minimize disruptions to the employees ’ work schedules. The authors find the offering of a ‘thank you ’such as a gift card to be a nice touch. Others have also called for closer collaborations by academia with these other forms of organizations ( Lutchen, 2018 ;Mullin, 2021 ;Turin et al., 2022 ). /C15Mix of Real and Surrogate Users : Some studies may require a substantial number of real users that may be unrealistic to recruit or pose a prohibitive expense. A workaround can be a mix of real users andsurrogate users ; basically, running two user studies –one with a smaller sample of real users and one with a larger sample of surrogate users , comparing the results between the two samples. For example, say you need 200 participants to achieve some effect size, and recruiting this number of real users is unrealistic, given the availability of real users or cost. One technique could be to run user study one with 200 surrogate users that are easier to recruit or less expensive. Then, conduct user study two with, say, 30 real users (a much more manageable number) as an external validity check. However, this approach does come with the additional cost of executing more than one user study. The practicalities of the research process ( i.e., the constraints in which researchers design their studies and sampling strategies) further complicate the picture. Namely, one can argue that lab-based experiments sacri fice external validity and realism for internal validity and control (see Fig. 3 ). Such experiments often use convenience samples, Salminen et al. (2022), PeerJ Comput. Sci. , DOI 10.7717/peerj-cs.1136 19/30" 952 W3166619682.pdf 6 "7 Economic impact of Huanglongbing on orange production In the second scenario, the plant production capacity was considered throughout its useful life (Table 4). In this situation, the impact of eradicating a 1-year-old a plant extends to the third year of production. Unlike in the first scenario, plants under three years of age generate losses related to the deployment cost and production capacity alone, because these plants start producing fruits only in the fourth year. In this scenario, it was more evident that the losses were related to plants between 5 and 11 years of age, and not older, and the cost generated by HLB in orange production was estimated to be almost US$15.7 million per year. Table 4. Economic impact of losses caused by Huanglongbing (HLB) based on plant age, considering the orange plant production capacity throughout its useful life (scenario 2), in Paranavaí micro-region, state of Paraná, in the period from January 2011 to June 2013. Plant ageYearTotal2011 2012 2013 Years Losses US$ (1) 1 576.08 0.00 14,833.35 31,078.80 2 3,706.23 33,108.83 36,197.35 214,649.81 3 46,908.73 63,504.63 60,710.40 434,384.17 4 53,511.84 54,075.29 36,719.63 738,184.56 5 82,183.22 186,057.03 518,906.54 3,202,873.13 6 80,556.27 63,219.21 854,606.97 4,186,399.14 7 378,143.69 55,958.22 815,418.39 4,078,359.82 8 217,738.63 368,239.07 503,709.85 3,562,869.07 9 257,701.75 225,843.00 1,199,423.95 5,656,052.99 10 105,662.82 182,865.82 1,099,742.99 4,514,866.25 11 81,344.26 74,571.95 689,976.76 2,486,541.77 12 12,689.35 11,537.24 225,579.63 737,859.54 13 21,361.32 6,277.78 121,965.65 439,390.30 14 19,317.45 22,793.56 62,609.11 297,305.59 15 16,468.26 7,541.96 63,299.85 250,742.82 16 9,992.06 14,897.73 10,415.02 104,661.06 17 11,235.69 1,788.58 66,038.82 234,348.84 18 31,621.45 108,884.60 43,922.34 547,696.49 19 16,283.72 8,191.58 435,154.99 1,373,251.22 20 38,643.03 28,160.95 23,849.76 271,961.32 20+ (2)337,878.81 61,793.97 931,528.14 3,993,602.75 WI (3)234,851.45 0.00 380,302.92 1,845,463.20 Total 6,770,428.10 5,292,492.64 27,139,621.91 39,202,542.65 Notes: (1) Real values of December 2019. (2) Refers to plants over 20 years of age, and is considered the productivity of a 20-year-old plant. (3) Refers to plants without age identification, and is considered the average productivity . It is notable that, despite the cost of an inspection being lower than the cost of applying insecticides for psyllid control, most producers perform management for vector control, and regardless of the validity of normative instruction No. 53, of October 16, 2008, of MAPA, some producers do not eradicate infected plants (BELASQUE JUNIOR et al., 2010b; 2010c). Furthermore, the eradication of all symptomatic plants will not necessarily result in the eradication of all infected plants, because asymptomatic plants can exist (GOTTWALD, 2010). In addition, there is a direct and immediate loss when a symptomatic but productive plant is eradicated, especially adult plants with initial disease symptoms, that is, plants that would be productive for some more years (BASSANEZI et al., 2013b).The eradication of diseased plants is a strategy used when the HLB incidence is low; however, it becomes unfeasible when there are many infected plants, as in the case of Florida, USA (FARNSWORTH et al., 2014; TANSEY et al., 2017). In both Florida and Brazil, other measures, such as increasing the planting density, have been used; they contributed significantly to an increase in income per unit area (TREJO-PECH et al., 2018). In addition, the American industry tried to adopt other approaches for damage mitigation, based on the assumption that it would be possible to produce under disease conditions, through insecticide applications for psyllid control and implementation of a nutritional program with the use of leaf macro and micronutrients, Rev. Bras. Frutic., Jaboticabal, 2021, v. 43, n. 3 (e-472)" 953 W3210007855.pdf 5 "JHEP10(2021)181We consider four different structures in the quark sector, Q1-Q4, which are defined by the choice of (A1...4)(A5...8): Q1 : (2222)(1212) , y u∼ H2H2 H2H2 , y d∼ H2H1 H2H1 , Q2 : (1122)(2211) , y u∼ H2H2 H1H1 , y d∼ H1H1 H2H2 , Q3 : (1212)(2121) , y u∼ H2H1 H2H1 , y d∼ H1H2 H1H2 , Q4 : (2121)(1111) , y u∼ H1H2 H1H2 , y d∼ H1H1 H1H1 , (2.9) where we also indicate in 2+1 flavor space notation to which Higgs field the quark bilinears couple to. Together with the last term in eq. ( 2.7) this choice fixes the PQ color anomaly coefficientN, the quark contribution to the electromagnetic anomaly coefficient EQ, and all couplings of the QCD axion to quarks CA,V qiqjin terms of the parameters tanβandξqP ij (to be defined below), which we summarize in table 1. The quark Yukawa Lagrangians of each model is combined with one out of the four following structures in the charged lepton sector, defined by (A9...12), i.e. the Higgs to which a lepton bilinear couples in 2 + 1flavor space E1L : (1122) , y e∼ H2H2 H1H1 , E1R : (1212) , y e∼ H2H1 H2H1 , E2L : (2211) , y e∼ H1H1 H2H2 , E2R : (2121) , y e∼ H1H2 H1H2 . (2.10) This choice fixes the charged lepton contribution to the electromagnetic anomaly coefficient ELand the axion couplings to leptons CV,A /lscripti/lscriptj, which we summarize in table 2. Since each quark sector model can be combined with any charged lepton sector model, we have in total 16 different models, which we denote by e.g. “Q1E1L”, which has the Higgs structure (2222)(1212)(1122), axion couplings to quarks and charged leptons as in tables 1 and 2, and an electromagnetic anomaly coefficient E/Nthat is the sum of both sectors,E/N =EQ/N+EL/N= 8/3in this example. The couplings to quarks and leptons depend on the Higgs vacuum angle tanβand the parameters ξfP ij, withf=u,d,eandP=L,R, which are defined by tanβ≡/angbracketleftH2/angbracketright//angbracketleftH1/angbracketright, ξfP ij≡(VfP)∗ 3i(VfP)3j, (2.11) – 5 –" 954 W2034202432.pdf 0 "The Classical Review http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR Additional services for The Classical Review: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Propertius IV. 1. 27 H. E. Butler The Classical Review / Volume 22 / Issue 08 / December 1908, pp 245 - 245 DOI: 10.1017/S0009840X00002249, Published online: 27 October 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009840X00002249 How to cite this article: H. E. Butler (1908). Propertius IV. 1. 27. The Classical Review, 22, pp 245-245 doi:10.1017/ S0009840X00002249 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR, IP address: 130.133.8.114 on 02 May 2015 " 955 W3082203972.pdf 3 "Sustainability 2020 ,12, 7174 4 of 19 Our study extends the existing literature in three ways. First, our study considers a system including a government implementing the take-back policy of penalty or subsidy and a manufacturer responsible for collecting their used products. Second, from the government’s standpoint, we further characterize the optimal penalty or subsidy and analyze the e ectiveness and e ciency of the take-back policy. Third, we simultaneously identify the decision of eco-design or remanufacturing for a manufacturer, based on which we provide a set of guidelines in practical managerial recommendations for governments and manufacturers. In the current literature, there has not been research on the subject of the e ect of regulation policy of take-back penalty or subsidy on a manufacturer’s production strategy choice of eco-design and remanufacturing has not been studied to date. 3. Model Development Consider a single government and a single manufacturer as two decision-makers deciding for themselves variables to maximize social welfare and profit. The manufacturer produces a brand new product and collects properly end-of-use products to reduce pollution by o ering financial incentives to original consumers, in the first step. On the other side, the government expects the manufacturer to recycle, and applies the regulation policy, i.e., the take-back penalty or subsidy. Specifically, the government limits the manufacturer’s collection behavior by imposing the take-back penalty and supports this behavior using the take-back subsidy, considering the impact of landfill pollution products on the environment from the social welfare side. Finally, under the di erent policies, the manufacturer reacts respectively by remanufacturing or performing eco-design. Therefore, we discuss four scenarios, based on Stackelberg game structures. The notations used in our models are presented in Table 1. Table 1. Summary of basic notations. Parameters cN cost of manufacturing from virgin materials cR cost of remanufacturing acquisition e ciency D per unit recycle processing cost  eco-design cost coe cient  processing cost reduction e ectiveness of eco-design per unit of products  monetary value of environmental impact of landfill, associated with amount of toxic materials  initial customer valuation of the remanufactured products Decision Variables qN quantity of brand-new products qR quantity of remanufactured products qA quantity of collected products e reduction amount of toxic materials in product (emission reduction) k per unit take-back penalty s per unit take-back subsidy Dependent Variables pN new product’s price pR remanufactured product’s price Mi the manufacturer’s profit in scenario iwhere i2f1, 2, 3, 4g Gi the government’s social welfare in scenario iwhere i2f1, 2, 3, 4g Meanwhile, we discuss some assumptions which are considered in this paper as follows. Demand functions: For consumers, their valuation from consuming new products is UN=v" 956 W3005124297.pdf 1 " Figure 1. time series of JIXN(left) and HRBN(right) station. 2.1 Periodic model of GNSS reference station We use the spectral analysis method to study the time series, aimed to detected whether the time series contain some other periodic signals, it can also verify the geophysical models have already been deducted in data process or not. The results of spectral analysis show that the most significant signal in the time series of horizontal direction is the annual period (see Figure 2, Figure 3), the semi-annual period followed. Figure 2. Spectral analysis results of the north and south direction. (Red circle means the main period is annual, blue circle shows the main period is semi-annual, and green circle represents the main period is other term) 2.2 Velocity model of GNSS reference station Based on the above model, we get the velocity field of Chinese mainland (see Fig 4), the average possible error of horizontal velocity is ±0.3mm，vertical direction is about ±0.5mm. Figure 3. Spectral analysis results of the east and west direction. (the same as Fig 2) Figure 4. Velocity field of Chinese mainland (relative to ITRF2014) 3. METHOD FOR REFERENCE TRANSFORMATION Tight constraint method and S-transformation method are the two widely used methods for frame transformation. 3.1 Tight constraint method ： A wide range of papers has been published on the concept of the free network and optimal methods of computing a set of coordinates from a singular normal equation. The set of constraints usually added to a free-network normal equation by tight constrained method (Mittermyer 1972; Perelmuter 1979; Blaha 1982;Dermanis 1994a;Xu 1997). The tight constraint is used in the situation that absence of datum, some stable stations are generally selected as the core station, and the value of the coordinate and velocity under a certain reference frame is taken as true value. It need high accuracy of the core stations’ coordinates. Constrained least squares estimates can be implemented with Lagrangian multipliers. Although it is very effective to solve the rank-deficient problem of the normal equation, however it will cause the geodetic control network be deformed, means will generate bias for the coordinate of the stations that located far away from the core station. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-3/W10, 2020 International Conference on Geomatics in the Big Data Era (ICGBD), 15–17 November 2019, Guilin, Guangxi, China This contribution has been peer-reviewed. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W10-535-2020 | © Authors 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. 536" 957 W4311047860.pdf 9 "fnut-09-1048305 November 25, 2022 Time: 15:36 # 10 Teuma et al. 10.3389/fnut.2022.1048305 FIGURE 6 Glucosamine decreases the number of a-SMA+ endothelial cells in diabetic nephropathy. (A)Representative images are shown from double immunofluorescence staining with a-SMA and marker for endothelial cells CD31. (B)Quantification of a-SMA+ endothelial cells normalized to the glomerular areas (20 glomeruli analyzed per kidney). The experiments were repeated in 3 kidneys each group. Arrows indicate the illustrative co-localization of a-SMA and CD31. Data are shown in meanSEM. n= 20. *** p<0.001. The effect of glucosamine on mesangial expansion in the diabetic nephropathy has not been reported. Glucosamine was proposed to be deteriorative in diabetic nephropathy based on the hypothesis that endogenous glucosamine promotes the activation of the HBP , which is linked to the development of DN. Nevertheless, glucosamine was found to possess an antifibrotic effect in the mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction with progressive renal fibrosis. Park et al., demonstrated that the fibrosis displayed by Masson trichrome staining was reduced with a concomitant inhibition of a-SMA expression upon glucosamine treatment (18). Furthermore, an inhibition of other gene expression related to fibrosis except a-SMA, such as fibronectin and collagen, was also shown in that paper.However, in our study, we detected a reduction of fibronectin protein expression in glomeruli, but no effect of glucosamine on the mRNA expression of FN-1, a-SMA, Col 1A1, 3A1, 4A1, 4A3, and CTGF could be determined. An interesting finding in present study is the inhibitory effect of glucosamine ona-SMA expression in control kidneys as well. Differential regulation of fibronectin and collagen 4 by glucosamine may be a result of different molecular characters and the early stage of fibrosis in the glomeruli in the study. Additionally, glucosamine might inhibit the initiation of accumulation of extracellular matrix in diabetic nephropathy as a consequence of maintaining expression of a-SMA at a lower level. In the current study, glucosamine showed an inhibitory impact on mesangial expansion and expression of fibronectin anda-SMA. Nevertheless, glucosamine is likely not eliminating all ECM components, such as collagen 1, 3 and 4. Several studies showed that expression of extracellular matrix proteins such asa-SMA is controlled by the expression or activity of TGF- b, a key growth factor involved in renal fibrosis. Nevertheless, the data reported on the impact of glucosamine on TGF- b expression or activity are controversial. Park et al., reported an inhibitory effect of glucosamine on the expression of TGF- b expression, while, on the contrary, Kolm-Litty et al., showed that glucosamine increased RNA expression and activity of TGF- bin mesangial cells (5, 18). It seems that cell types, culture conditions, and glucosamine dosage can explain the variation in experimental results. Additionally, in our study, increased expression of CTGF, fibronectin, and collagen 4 was detected in the diabetic kidneys. However, glucosamine affected the expression of fibronectin, but not other extracellular matrix proteins in either non-diabetic or diabetic conditions. It denotes that there might be other possible mechanisms through which glucosamine hampers the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the kidney. Another interesting finding in the study is that glucosamine lowered not only the expression of a-SMA in diabetic kidneys, but also the number of a-SMA+ endothelial cells. a-SMA is expressed by renal tubular cells, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells. a-SMA has been identified as a marker of myofibroblasts, implicated in Endothelial- and Epithelial-MT in DN. Podocytes in glomeruli may undergo EMT in DN as well. However, we did not detect obvious a-SMA+ podocytes in our study. The role of podocytes in glucosamine-induced improvement of extracellular matrix accumulation needs further investigations. EndoMT has been also described in diabetic nephropathy, including in STZ induced rodent experimental nephropathy in which a-SMA presents as an important marker of their mesenchymal transitions (33). Similar to the report by Zeisberg et al., we observed colocalization of a-SMA and endothelial cell marker CD31, and increased a-SMA expression in diabetic kidneys with elevated amount of a-SMA+ endothelial cells in the diabetic glomeruli. Glucosamine reduced a-SMA expression in eyes in pathological conditions (34, 35). Similar results Frontiers in Nutrition 10 frontiersin.org" 958 W4309572142.pdf 3 "Mar. Drugs 2022 ,20, 729 4 of 14 Figure 2. Effect of Ech A on lipid deposition. The lipid deposition was higher in the OVX groups but lower in the Ech A treatment groups. ( A) Lipid vacuoles (yellow arrows) were detected in the submandibular gland after H and E staining. We counted intracellular lipid vacuoles, primarily distributed between acini cells or in the cytoplasm of serous cells. ( B) Morphometric analysis of lipid vacuoles. ( C) Nile red staining of rat submandibular gland. Positive Nile red staining was revealed in the cytoplasm of acinar cells, increased in the OVX groups, and decreased in the ECH groups of in the cytoplasm of acinar cells. n= 8, each group. Error bar; S.D. One-way ANOVA; *** p< 0.001; vs. SHAM, # p< 0.05, ## p< 0.01; vs. OVX. 2.3. Ech A Inhibited the Expression of Lipid Metabolic Genes Several transcription factors and genes that are known to regulate lipid metabolism were investigated. The effects on sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (Srebp-1c) mRNA levels were initially explored. The Srebp-1c levels increased in the OVX groups but decreased significantly in the ECH-12 groups (Figure 3A). Subsequently, we examined whether Ech A treatment affected the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc) target genes (Figure 3B). The ACC is a lipid metabolic-related enzyme that catalyzes the irre- versible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA [ 28]. The Acc mRNA expression was significantly higher in the OVX groups but decreased following Ech A treatment. A key enzyme in the endogenous lipogenesis pathway, fatty acid synthase (FASN), is also a Srebp-1c target gene [ 29]. Fasn mRNA expression was significantly higher in the OVX groups but reduced in the ECH groups (Figure 3C). The cluster of differentiation 36 (Cd36) enhances fatty acid uptake and promotes inflammation [ 28,29]. Cd36 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in the OVX groups, but Ech A treatment decreased the effects (Figure 3D). These findings could explain the reduction in lipid vacuoles in salivary gland tissues following Ech A treatment." 959 W4229445779.pdf 20 "Energies 2022 ,15, 3482 21 of 23 Energies 2022 , 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 21 of 23 (a) ( b) Figure A2. Hydrogen fuel system energy use and wind energy generation under the parameter set of Appendix A, Table A3, for the ( a) Earl Thorfinn and ( b) Frisia III. References 1. European Commission. Roadmap to A Single European Tran sport Area—Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System ; COM(2011) 144 Final; European Commission: Brussels , Belgium, 2011. Available online: https://eur- lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM :2011:0144:FIN:en:PDF (accessed on 9 May 2022). 2. International Maritime Organization (IMO). Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships ; MEPC.304(72): London, UK, 13 April 2018. Available online: https://unfccc.int/sites/defau lt/files/resource/250_IMO%20submission_Talanoa %20Dialogue_April%202018.pdf (accessed on 9 May 2022). 3. Reşitoğlu, İ.A.; Altini şik, K.; Keskin, A. The pollutant emissions from diesel -engine vehicles and exhaust aftertreatment systems. Clean Technol. Environ. 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Jalkanen, J.-P.; Johansson, L.; Kukkonen, J. A comprehensive inve ntory of the ship traffic exhaus t emissions in the Baltic Sea from 2006 to 2009. Ambio 2014 , 43, 311–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-013-0389-3. 13. Jalkanen, J.-P.; Johansson, L.; Kukkonen, J. A comprehensive inventory of ship traffic exhaust emissions in the European sea areas in 2011. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2016 , 16, 71–84. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-71-2016. 14. International Maritime Organization (IMO). Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014. Available online: https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Envir onment/Pages/Greenhouse-Gas-Studie s-2014.aspx (accessed on 9 May 2022). Figure A2. Hydrogen fuel system energy use and wind energy generation under the parameter set of Appendix A, Table A3, for the ( a) Earl Thorfinn and ( b) Frisia III. References 1. European Commission. Roadmap to A Single European Transport Area—Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System ; COM(2011) 144 Final; European Commission: Brussels, Belgium, 2011; Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0144:FIN:en:PDF (accessed on 5 May 2022). 2. International Maritime Organization (IMO). Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships ; MEPC.304(72): London, UK, 13 April 2018; Available online: https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/250_IMO%20submission_Talanoa%20 Dialogue_April%202018.pdf (accessed on 5 May 2022). 3. Re¸ sito˘ glu, ˙I.A.; Altini¸ sik, K.; Keskin, A. The pollutant emissions from diesel-engine vehicles and exhaust aftertreatment systems. Clean Technol. Environ. Policy 2015 ,17, 15–27. [CrossRef] 4. Hoen, A.; Nieuwenhuijse, I.; de Bruyn, S. Health Impacts and Costs of Diesel Emissions in the EU ; CE Delft: Delft, The Netherlands, 2018; Available online: https://cedelft.eu/publications/health-impacts-and-costs-of-diesel-emissions-in-the-eu/ (accessed on 5 May 2022). 5. Petrospot Ltd. Session 4: Supply chain stakeholders have their say on the energy transition. In Proceedings of the Ship Energy Summit, Online. 8 September 2021. 6. Gómez Trillos, J.C. HySeas III—Market Potential Analysis of RoPax Ferry Market in Europe ; Ref. Ares (2019)7435585; German Aerospace Centre (DLR): Oldenburg, Germany, 2019. 7. European Commission. THETIS-MRV CO 2Emission Report. Available online: https://mrv.emsa.europa.eu/#public/emission- report (accessed on 1 November 2020). 8. Cooper, J. Fuels Europe—Statistical Report 2019 ; FuelsEurope: Brussels, Belgium, 2019; Available online: https://www.fuelseurope. eu/publication/statistical-report-2019/ (accessed on 5 May 2022). 9. Kristensen, H.O.; Psaraftis, H. Energy Demand and Exhaust Gas Emissions of Marine Engines. 2015. Available online: https://www.danishshipping.dk/en/services/beregningsvaerktoejer/download/Basic_Model_Linkarea_Link/806/energy- demand-and-emissions-of-marine-engines-september-2015.pdf (accessed on 5 May 2022). 10. Winther, M.; Christensen, J.H.; Plejdrup, M.S.; Ravn, E.S.; Eriksson, F.; Kristensen, H.O. Emission inventories for ships in the arctic based on satellite sampled AIS data. Atmos. Environ. 2014 ,91, 1–14. [CrossRef] 11. Jalkanen, J.-P .; Johansson, L.; Kukkonen, J.; Brink, A.; Kalli, J.; Stipa, T. Extension of an assessment model of ship traffic exhaust emissions for particulate matter and carbon monoxide. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2012 ,12, 2641–2659. [CrossRef] 12. Jalkanen, J.-P .; Johansson, L.; Kukkonen, J. A comprehensive inventory of the ship traffic exhaust emissions in the Baltic Sea from 2006 to 2009. Ambio 2014 ,43, 311–324. [CrossRef] 13. Jalkanen, J.-P .; Johansson, L.; Kukkonen, J. A comprehensive inventory of ship traffic exhaust emissions in the European sea areas in 2011. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2016 ,16, 71–84. [CrossRef] 14. International Maritime Organization (IMO). Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study. 2014. Available online: https://www.imo.org/ en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/Greenhouse-Gas-Studies-2014.aspx (accessed on 5 May 2022). 15. International Maritime Organization (IMO). Fourth IMO Greenhouse Gas Study. 2020. Available online: https://www.imo.org/ en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/Fourth-IMO-Greenhouse-Gas-Study-2020.aspx (accessed on 9 April 2022)." 960 W2129027035.pdf 5 "References Ward, N.S., Brown, M.M., Thompson, A.J., Frackowiak, R.S.J., 2003. Neural correlates of outcome after stroke: a cross-sectional fMRI study. Brain 126, 1430 –1448. Serrien, D.J., Strens, L.H.A., Cassidy, M.J., Thompson, A.J., Brown, P., 2004. Functional signif- icance of the ipsilateral hemisphere during movement of the affected hand after stroke. Experimental Neurology 190, 425 –432. 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Coherence between cortical and muscu- lar activities after subcortical stroke. Stroke 32, 2597 –2601. Fang, Y., Daly, J.J., Sun, J., Hvorat, K., Fredrickson, E., Pundik, S., Sahgal, V., Yue, G.H., 2009. Functional corticomuscular connection during reaching is weakened following stroke. Clinical Neurophysiology 120, 994 –1002. Engel, A.K., Fries, P., Singer, W., 2001. Dynamic predictions: oscillations and synchrony in top –down processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2, 704 –716. Tallon-Baudry, C., Bertrand, O., 1999. Oscillatory gamma activity in humans and its role in object representation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3, 151 –162.55 H.E. Rossiter et al. / NeuroImage: Clinical 2 (2013) 50 –55" 961 W2611074293.pdf 14 "Al’Adl, Volume VIII Nomor 3, September - Desember 2016 ISSN 1979 - 4940 109 seperti halnya menikmati tanah ulayat mereka. Pengakuan hak ulayat dalam perdasus ini memakai logika hukum nasional yaitu yang bersumber dari pemerintah. Pengakuan yang berujung pada penetapan pemerintah (Bupati/Walikota/G ubernur) didahului serangkaian penelitian oleh tim yang ditetapkan oleh keputusan pemerintah. Posisi kunci ada atau tidaknya hak ulayat masyarakat hukum adat di lokasi yang diteliti oleh tim ada di tangan pemerintah, meskipun tidak secara tegas disebutkan kewenangan pemerintah untuk menolak mengeluarkan penetapan keberadaan masyarakat hukum adat. Ketika masyarakat hukum adat memperoleh pengakuan baik menyangkut identitas maupun wilayah adatnya, terbuka ruang bagi masyarakat hukum adat untuk melakukan pengelo laan. Pengelolaan ulayat ini diatur dalam Bab IV yang mengatur pengelolaan hak ulayat masyarakat hukum adat dan atau hak perorangan warga masyarakat hukum adat atas tanah, Pasal 8 sampai dengan Pasal 12. Model -model yang dikembangkan dalam konteks pengelo laan ini adalah pola pemanfaatan seperti yang dimuat pada pasal 8 yang menyebutkan bahwa: (1) Berdasarkan Keputusan Bupati/Walikota dan atau Gubernur yang menetapkan bahwa hak ulayat masyarakat hukum adat dan atau hak perorangan warga masyarakat hukum adat ata s tanah masih ada, maka masyarakat hukum adat dan atau perorangan warga masyarakat hukum adat yang bersangkutan berwenang untuk : a) melaksanakan pengelolaan hak ulayat masyarakat hukum adat dan atau hak perorangan warga masyarakat hukum adat atas tanah sesua i dengan hukum adat yang berlaku dalam masyarakat hukum adat yang bersangkutan. Dalam pengelolaan hak ulayat masyarakat hukum adat dan atau hak perorangan warga masyarakat hukum adat atas tanah, tidak boleh bertentangan dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang -undangan. b) melakukan musyawarah dengan pihak ketiga diluar warga masyarakat hukum adat yang memerlukan tanah untuk berbagai kepentingan. Hasilmusyawarahdenganpihakk etigatersebutdapatberupa:" 962 W4393387912.pdf 8 "Plants 2024 ,13, 994 9 of 18 Moreover, based on our correlation analysis, we found that SmSnRK2.6 was related to tan- shinones biosynthesis, indicating that SmSnRK2.6 may participate in tanshinones biosynthe- sis. To investigate whether SmSnRK2.6 participated in regulating tanshinone biosynthesis, we silenced SmSnRK2.6 expression in transgenic hairy root lines with the RNAi method. Ri-2.6-5, Ri-2.6-7 and Ri-2.6-8 with substantial a down-regulation of SmSnRK2.6 expression were selected for further study (Figure S5). The phenotype and extract color of hairy roots hinted that the content of tanshinones in Ri-SmSnRK2.6 strains was lower than that in the control strain (Figure 8a,b). Metabolic content analysis showed that the content of dihydrotanshinone (DHT), cryptotanshinone (CT), tanshinone I (TI) and tanshinone IIA (TIIA) in the control lines was about 2.54–4.33, 2.28–6.29, 1.83–2.26 and 1.83–2.26 times higher than in the Ri-SmSnRK2.6 lines, respectively (Figure 8c). Moreover, the expression level of most tanshinone biosynthetic genes was decreased in the Ri-SmSnRK2.6 lines, among which SmGGPPS1 and SmCPS1 were significantly down-regulated, with the lowest decrease of 0.26- and 0.43-fold that of the control lines, respectively (Figure 8d). These results confirmed that SmSnRK2.6 positively regulated tanshinone biosynthesis. Plants 2024 , 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 20 control lines, respectively (Figure 8d). These results con firmed that SmSnRK2.6 posi- tively regulated tanshinone biosynthesis. Figure 8. SmSnRK2.6 is a positive regulato r of tanshinone biosynthesis. ( a) The phenotypes of hairy roots (Ri-EV and Ri-SmSnRK2.6 hairy root lin es) pictured after 45 d cultured in 1/2 MS liq- uid medium. Scale bar, 1 cm. ( b) Representative images showing th e extracts of tanshinones of ( a). (c) Determination of CT, TIIA, DHT, and TI in the hairy roots (Ri-EV and Ri-SmSnRK2.6 hairy root lines). ( d) Relative expression of tanshinone bios ynthesis structural genes in Ri-EV and Ri-SmSnRK2.6 lines. Actin was used as an internal reference gene. All data represent the means ± SD of three biological re plicates. Statistical signi ficance was determined based on Student’s t-test (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01). 2.7. SmSnRK2.2 Interacts with and Phosphorylates SmAREB1 A previous study has shown that SmSnRK2.3 and SmSnRK2.6 interacted with SmAREB1 [49]. To test whether SmSnRK2.2 in teracts with SmAREB1, yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFc) assays were applied. Y2H assays showed that SmSnRK2.2 interacts with SmAREB1 in yeast (Figure 9a). BiFc assays showed that SmSnRK2.2 can interact with SmAREB1 in plant cells (Figure 9b). Furthermore, we also tested whether SmSnRK2.2 could phosphorylate SmAREB1 by us- ing a Phos-tag reagent. As shown in Figure 9c, the mobility shift was quite slow com- pared with the control, indicating that SmSnRK2.2 could phosphorylate SmAREB1 in vitro. Figure 8. SmSnRK2.6 is a positive regulator of tanshinone biosynthesis. ( a) The phenotypes of hairy roots (Ri-EV and Ri-SmSnRK2.6 hairy root lines) pictured after 45 d cultured in 1/2 MS liquid medium. Scale bar, 1 cm. ( b) Representative images showing the extracts of tanshinones of ( a). (c) Determination of CT, TIIA, DHT, and TI in the hairy roots (Ri-EV and Ri-SmSnRK2.6 hairy root lines). ( d) Relative expression of tanshinone biosynthesis structural genes in Ri-EV and Ri-SmSnRK2.6 lines. Actin was used as an internal reference gene. All data represent the means ±SD of three biological replicates. Statistical significance was determined based on Student’s t-test (* p< 0.05 and **p< 0.01). 2.7. SmSnRK2.2 Interacts with and Phosphorylates SmAREB1 A previous study has shown that SmSnRK2.3 and SmSnRK2.6 interacted with SmAREB1 [ 49]. To test whether SmSnRK2.2 interacts with SmAREB1, yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFc) assays were applied. Y2H assays showed that SmSnRK2.2 interacts with SmAREB1 in yeast (Figure 9a). BiFc" 963 W4323927586.pdf 0 "International Journal of Forest Sciences (2023 ). 3(1 ): 12 - 17 12 Diversity of Herptiles in Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan Nargis Sultan 1* , Saba Adil 1 and Asma Nawaz 1 1. Department of Zoology, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh, Pakistan 2. Department of Zoology, University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, Pakistan 3. Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan *Corresponding author e - mail: nargissultan715@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION Pakistan occurs a main geographic place (Sengor, 1985) and covers an area of 796,096 km 2 and is present in three zoogeographical zones (i.e., Palearctic, Oriental and Ethiopian). It stretches from longitude 60 o to 75 o E as well as latitude 24 o to 37 o N. Its southwest border is connected to the Arabian Sea, while its north end is located in th e stable snow scenery of Pamir in the vast Himalayan region (Khan, 2006). The mountains and plateaus in the west, north, and northwest represent the major mountain. Its mountainous topography has had a significant impact on the climate, geology, hydrology, and physiography, as well as the distribution and composition of fauna and plants in the contemporary age (Khan, 2006). The other part in salt variety and base of Himalayas; it is one of earliest division of the subcontinents. It acts as earliest Tethys S ea (Powell, 1979; Khan, 2006). Ten thousand four hundred and fifty species of reptiles are reported in the world (Utez, 2016); while 195 species present in Pakistan; belonging to 23 families (Khan, 2004, 2006). Pakistan has nine amphibian and thirteen rept ile species (Khan et Research Paper Open Access SUMMARY There are 10,450 reptile species recognized worldwide. There are 195 reptile species belong to 23 families. Pakistan is home to 13 reptile and 9 amphibian species. Several amphibian and reptile species have become extinct as a result of either direct or indirect anthropogenic effect. The research's aims were to estimate the variety of the studied r egion. During the study, total 16 herptiles species were documented, Hemidactylus brookii were noted with the highest relative (0.427419) and followed by Calotes versicolor (0.112903) , Bufo himalayanus (0.104839) , Amphiesma stolatum (0.072581) , Hemidactylu s flaviviridis (0.072581) , Ptyas mucosus mucosus (0.040323) , Varanus bengalensis (0.032258) , Scincella himalayana (0.032258) , Laudakia agrorensis (0.024194) , Eublepharis macularius (0.016129) , Xenochrophis piscator piscator (0.016129) , Gloydius himalayanus (0.016129) , Bungarus caeruleus caeruleus (0.008065) , Eryx johni (0.008065) , Spalerosophis diadema diadema (0.008065) and Daboia russelii russelii (0.008065). It is found that the district Bagh contai ns a diverse range of herptiles . Keywords: Amphibian, Reptiles, Diversity, Bagh, Pakistan Citation: Sultan, N., S. Adil, A. Nawaz. 2023. Diversity of Herptiles in Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. International Journal of Forest Sciences. 3: 12 - 17. Received: January, 2023 ; Accepted : February, 2023 " 964 W4311785946.pdf 0 "Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 125–139, 2023 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-125-2023 © Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Turbulence structures and entrainment length scales in large offshore wind farms Abdul Haseeb Syed1, Jakob Mann1, Andreas Platis2, and Jens Bange2 1Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark 2Environmental Physics, Geo- and Environmental Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Correspondence: Abdul Haseeb Syed (absy@dtu.dk) Received: 25 July 2022 – Discussion started: 30 August 2022 Revised: 15 December 2022 – Accepted: 11 January 2023 – Published: 24 January 2023 Abstract. The flow inside and around large offshore wind farms can range from smaller structures associated with the mechanical turbulence generated by wind turbines to larger structures indicative of the mesoscale flow. In this study, we explore the variation in turbulence structures and dominant scales of vertical entrainment above large offshore wind farms located in the North Sea, using data obtained from a research aircraft. The aircraft was flown upstream, downstream, and above wind farm clusters. Under neutrally stratified conditions, there is high ambient turbulence in the atmosphere and an elevated energy dissipation rate compared to stable conditions. The intensity of small-scale turbulence structures is increased above and downstream of the wind farm, and it prevails over mesoscale fluctuations. But in stable stratification, mesoscale flow structures are not only dominant upstream of the wind farm but also downstream. We observed that the vertical flux of horizontal momentum is the main source of energy recovery in large offshore wind farms, and it strongly depends on the magnitude of the length scales of the vertical wind velocity component. The dominant length scales of entrainment range from 20 to60 m above the wind farm in all stratification strengths, and in the wake flow these scales range from 10 to 100 m only under near-neutral stratification. For strongly stable conditions, negligible vertical entrainment of momentum was observed even just 2 km downstream of large wind farms. We also observed that there is a significant lateral momentum flux above the offshore wind farms, especially under strongly stable conditions, which suggests that these wind farms do not satisfy the conditions of an “infinite wind farm”. 1 Introduction The flow inside and around large wind farms is characterized by a wide range of spatio-temporal turbulence structures. The flow structures are not only influenced by the mechanical tur- bulence generated by wind turbines but also by the ambient turbulence present in the atmosphere (Meyers and Meneveau, 2013). Many numerical and analytical studies have been per- formed to understand the interactions between wind farms and atmospheric flow (e.g., Porté-Agel et al., 2020; Stevens and Meneveau, 2017). Liu et al. (2018) suggested from their experiment inside a wind tunnel that integral timescales in the wind flow are decreased significantly above their mod- eled wind farm due to the development of an internal bound-ary layer and increase in turbulence above the wind farm. The atmospheric stratification also plays a significant role in the development of internal boundary layers (Savelyev and Tay- lor, 2005) and the evolution of turbulence structures down- stream of large wind farms. Wu and Porté-Agel (2017) de- scribed the effects of different free atmospheric stratification strengths on the upstream blockage and downstream wake lengths for large hypothetical wind farms using large-eddy simulations (LESs). Their results showed that wind farms experience an increased blockage effect during strong atmo- spheric stratifications, because of subcritical flow induced by wind farms i.e., the inertial forces cannot overcome the gravity-induced forces leading to Froude number Fr< 1. Much longer downstream wakes are also observed in ob- Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Academy of Wind Energy e.V." 965 W2404390137.pdf 8 "NNEI-2-naphthyl-isomer ( 7), was a much weaker CB 1 receptor ligand and also showed only partial inhibition of radioligand binding at the CB 2receptor. NNEI ( 4), which was first described by Blaazer et al. [ 33] in 2011, showed a pKivalue of 8.9 in their binding experiments at the CB 1 receptor, which we have now confirmed. The authors alsosynthesized a non-fluorinated derivative of compound 7 (5F-NNEI-2-naphthyl-isomer) which displayed a lower pK i value of 7.2 for the CB 1receptor. The same relation could be shown in the present study [compare 5F-NNEI ( 5) and 5F-NNEI-2-naphthyl-isomer ( 7)]; if the naphthyl residue is linked in 2-position to the amide, the affinity was decreasedby about 100-fold. Huffman et al. [ 13] investigated the effects of substi- tuting the naphthyl ring by smaller aromatic residues,which reduced affinity to the CB 1receptor. This could also be observed for the benzyl-substituted compounds SDB- 006 ( 12) and 5F-SDB-006 ( 13) investigated in the present study. They showed much lower affinity for both CB receptors as compared to the napthyl-substituted com- pounds with Kivalues in the high nanomolar range. The phenyl-substituted derivative SDB-006- N-phenyl-analog (14) displayed even higher Kivalues. In group Ccom- pounds, RCS-4 ( 33) and RCS-8 ( 34) also feature a phenyl or a benzyl residue. Wiley et al. [ 34] described that the substitution in the ortho -position is crucial for high affinity, which is realized in both compounds. RCS-8 ( 34), first described in 2012 in the USA [ 35], is benzyl-substituted in position 1 and has a cyclohexylethyl residue in position 2; it shows weaker affinity for both CB receptors than RCS-4.RCS-4 and isomers were investigated by Banister et al. [36] who found that RCS-4 ( 33) displayed EC 50values of 145 nM for CB 1and 46 nM for CB 2. In the present study, RCS-4 ( 33) with Kivalues of 26.6 nM for CB 1and 2.86 nM for CB 2displayed higher binding affinities. The aromatic residue R1may be replaced by a more bulky lipophilic group, namely an adamantyl or a tetram- ethylcyclopropyl residue. Comparing the naphthyl deriva- tives NNEI ( 4) and 5F-NNEI ( 5) with the adamantyl derivatives APICA ( 15) and STS-135 ( 16), it can be observed that CB 2affinity was increased. Also, the tetramethylcyclopropyl derivatives of group C displayed,independently of the side-chain variations, a CB 2prefer- ence. Compounds UR-144 ( 37), A-796,260 ( 45), A-834,735 ( 46) and XLR-12 ( 41) were first described by Frost et al. [ 29] in the search for selective CB 2agonists. We could confirm the reported Kivalues, but only XLR-12 (41) displayed a 10-fold higher Kivalue in our hands as compared to the literature data. From this group of com- pounds, some derivatives emerged on the illicit drug market, mainly in Sweden [ 37,38]. FAB-144 ( 40), the indazole and 5-fluoropentyl analogue of UR-144 ( 37), showed slightly increased affinity for both CB receptors,and FUB-144 ( 42), the para -fluorobenzyl derivative dis- played similar affinity. Also, compound M-144 ( 47), which is substituted in position 2 of the indole ring system with a methyl group, displayed a similar profile. AB-005 ( 43), a chimeric compound with the CB 2selectivity-increasing tetramethylcyclopropyl residue for R1and N-methyl-2- piperidinylmethyl substitution as R2which retains CB 1 affinity, was first introduced by Frost et al. in 2010 [ 29]. A derivative with an azepane ring ( 44) appeared on the illicit drug market, but as we found, it displayed no affinity for the CB 1receptor at concentrations up to 10 lM. If it should exert any psychotropic effect, it would not be mediated viathis receptor. At CB 2receptors, a moderate affinity was observed for 44. A structurally related but more potent compound is MN-25 ( 48), which was introduced by Wro- belenski et al. [ 39]; it was reported to be abused in previous years [ 39]. In summary, almost all investigated compounds showed high affinity for CB receptors. Some compounds displayed Kivalues in the subnanomolar range and, thus, are many times more potent than the psychoactive drug D9-THC. Functional properties of investigated compounds To investigate the functional properties of the compounds, cAMP accumulation assays were performed. Both CB receptors are G i-coupled receptors, whose activation results in decreased cAMP levels in the cell. For comparison, the full agonist CP55,940 and the partial agonist D9-THC were investigated, and results were normalized to maximalreceptor activation by the full agonist CP55,940 (see Fig. 2). Compounds were tested at a concentration where maximal binding was observed, either at 1 lM for the more potent compounds or at 10 lM for the less potent compounds. In the utilized recombinant cell lines, D 9-THC behaved as a partial agonist, at both CB 1and CB 2receptors, with 60–70 % activation as compared to the full CB 1/CB 2 agonist CP55,940 ( 2). Almost all compounds showed a high degree of activation of both receptor subtypes.Exceptions were 3-CAF ( 21) and AB-005 azepane isomer (44), which did not activate the CB receptors at all. As both compounds showed affinity for the CB 2receptor, they may be characterized as moderately potent CB 2-selective antagonists. The only agonistic compounds with lower efficacy than D9-THC were NNEI-2-naphthyl isomer ( 7), MN-18 ( 8), XLR-12 ( 41) and AB005 ( 43). Most of the compounds had similar efficacies at both receptor sub- types; only 5F-APINACA ( 17) activated CB 1receptor more efficaciously than CB 2. For the CB 2-selective derivative XLR-12 ( 41), full concentration response curves were recorded and EC 50 values were determined (Fig. 3). It showed a 30-times lower EC 50value of 0.391 nM at the CB 2receptor than atForensic Toxicol (2016) 34:329–343 337 123" 966 W2022920110.pdf 6 "AdvancesinMeteorology 7Ozone concentration (ppb) 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120020406080100120140 Date (hour)0 Qiaotou (B-1) Nanzi (B-2) Renwu (B-3)Fengshan (B-4) Dailao (B-5) Fuxing (B-6)10 Figure 6: Observed O3concentrations and wind field between group(Bgroup)ambientairqualitymonitoringstationsduringJune28andJuly2,2013. peaked above 100ppb in the afternoon of June 30, exceed- ing the concentrations throughout the rest of Kaohsiung(Figure9(c) ). When the WPSH moved gradually east after July1,diffusionandtransportationofairpollutantsimproved,causingtheO 3concentrationtoslowlydecreaseto35 ∼40ppb (Figure9(d) )afterJ uly2.TheO3concentrationdecreasedby more than 50% once the WPSH shifted away from Taiwan(Figure9(e) ). I na d d i t i o n ,i tw a sf o u n dt h a tac l o s e ds u b t r o p i c a lh i g h formedbelowthegeopotentialheight(gpm)of5,880mintheatmosphere above the western Pacific Ocean (Figures 8(a)∼ 8(e)).SoutheasterlywindsformedwhenthesubtropicalhighedgeformedtothewestofTaiwanneartheEastSea(June29). By contrast, when the edge of the subtropical high wass i t u a t e di nt h ea t m o s p h e r ea b o v eT a i w a n ,s o u t h e r l yw i n d sblew (June 30). Because of warming caused by a descendingdraft, the weather was dry, humidity was low, and the baricgradient was so weak with nearly no wind. The temperature wassufficientlyhightocausesubsidenceinversion[ 28].After June30,theWPSHbegantoleaveTaiwan,shiftingnortheast.Only the east side of Kaohsiung remained affected by thesubtropicalhigh,andtherefore,theweatherconditionsintheeast were stable and dry with low humidity and weak wind(Figures6to8). The aforementioned meteorological phenomena verify that the presence of the WPSH substantially influences thedilution and transportation of air pollutants in ambient air,particularly in the locations affected by the leeward side andthe WPSH. The simulated results from gpm below 500hpa(Figures8(a)∼8(e)) and concentration distributions of O 3 (Figures9(a)∼9(e))indicatedthatthepeakO3concentration occurred in the western coastal area of Kaohsiung in theafternoon of June 30 (see details in Table 3), during which time a southeasterly blew toward Eastern Taiwan, resultingin a subsidence temperature inversion in western Taiwan(see blue color pattern in Figures 9(b)∼9(c)). Thus, poor air qualitywasfound. 3.3.SpatialDistributionofO 3intheAmbientAirWhileWPSH Moving.ThepresenceofWPSHistypicallyaccompaniedby weather conditions for the accumulation of air pollutants,such as, stream downdraught, temperature inversion, rarecloud coverage, short-wave radiation, low relative humidity,a n ds l o ww i n ds p e e d .S o m eo ft h e mw e r es h o w ni nt h eafternoon of June 30, 2013. WPSH was more likely toaccumulate O 3. In this investigated case, peak O3concen- trations were observed at every monitoring station exceptthe M-1 station where they occurred in the afternoon ofJune 30. Therefore, the 24h O 3concentration monitoring data collected throughout the day were compared using acorrelation coefficient comparison (see Table 4). During the period for the O 3concentration reaching peak high, the correlation coefficients between O-1 and the other stationswereusuallyhigherthan0.6,suggestingbeinghighlyrelated.Forexample,atO-2onJune28,thehighestO 3concentration was 102ppb. Because the wind blew from the west andnorthwest, the highest O 3concentrations at O-2 and B-6, which were located downwind, were observed an hour later. Ontheotherhand,forstationO-5,relativelypoorcorrection was observed, which may result from the brink of a riverto the sea. Sea breeze effect is more obvious than otherlocations. RegardingtheM-1monitoringstationinaruralarea,after analysis,highcorrelationcoefficientsremainedamongurbanmonitoring stations ( Table 4). However, most correlation coefficients of O-5 and some stations were below 60%. M-2exhibitedthelowestcoefficientof0.48. The sea breeze affected the wind speed (3m/s) at the O - 5s t a t i o n ,a n das w i ftw i n db l e wf r o mt h es o u t ha n dsouthwest preventing O 3from accumulating. However, data showingO3concentrationsexceeding100ppbateachstation" 967 W4239922832.pdf 17 "Page 18/20 Figure 5 SOX2 is positively associated with the induction of CIgG, and CIgG knockdown reduces MAPK/ERK and AKT activity in PCa cells and inhibits EMT. Spearman correlation analysis of SOX2 with AR in clinical tissue samples from TCGA prostate cancer datasets(A-B). Signi" 968 W4285266156.pdf 22 "23 International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 29(4), 602. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2016.079965 Dana, L.-P., Grimwood, S., & William, G. (2009a). Export Incentives and International Entrepreneurship in New Zealand Firms. Journal of International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 4(1/2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000006775870497 Dana, L.-P., Hamilton, R. T., & Wick, K. (2009b). 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European Business Review, 32(1), 46-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-05-2018-0098" 969 W4245246133.pdf 7 "134(making and matching ) stále dokonalejšímu obrazu skutečnosti, který sloužil jako norma pro posouzení, zda je objekt uměleckým dílem.33 Zlom v tomto vývoji nastal podle Danta v pozdním devatenáctém století se vznikem fotografie a rané kinematografie, která završila úsilí statického média tím, že umožnila vyjádřit (a nikoli pouze naznačit) pohyb. Kinematografická technologie vyřešila staleté snahy o co nejvěrnější nápodobu vnější reality a posunula umělecký zájem k realitě vnitř - ní, ležící za hranicemi smyslového vnímání. Touto tendencí pokračoval i trend rozvíjející se umělecké teorie, která popisovala jevy, jež nebylo možné interpretovat v pojmech vidi - telného světa. Takové směřování dovedly podle Danta do krajnosti manifesty moderního umění, které vetkly umělecké praxi filozofický rozměr; přijmout něco jako umění od té doby obnášelo pochopit filozofii, která ho obhajovala. Protože naslouchalo umění dvacátého století stále více filozofickému pojetí pravdy, na jehož základě pokládalo každé hnutí právě svoji tvorbu jako „ akt obnovy, odhalení či je - vení pravdy, která byla ztracená nebo brána jen nejasně na vědomí “, závisela jeho existence stále více na umělecké teorii.34 Ta přestávala fungovat jako vnější součást světa, které se umění jako objektu svého zájmu snažilo porozumět, a stala se vnitřní součástí díla samot - ného. Pakliže chtělo umělecké dílo pochopit svůj obsah, muselo nyní pochopit především sebe sama. Snaha po zvnitřnění vlastní teorie a myšlenky o sobě samém vede podle Danta umění do stavu, ve kterém dosahuje „ nulové existence “ zatímco jeho teorie se přibližuje nekonečnu takovým způsobem, že „ vlastně všechno, co nakonec zbývá, je teorie “.35 Danto se v této souvislosti odvolává na teorii Clementa Greenberga, který hovoří o moderním umění jako reflexivním obratu k sobě samému, jenž odhaluje vnitřní sou - vislost mezi uměním a filozofií. Moderní umění se dle něj vysvléklo ze svých mimetic - kých kvalit, které v platónském duchu deklasují umění v pouhou náhražku reality, a pro - střednictvím vědomí sebe sama podniklo kvazikantovské pátrání po vlastních základech. S příchodem modernismu se stává umění subjektem svého vlastního zájmu a prostřed - nictvím vlastního působení se snaží určit účinky, které jsou pro jednotlivé umělecké dis - ciplíny výlučné. Malířství, kterému Greenberg věnuje nejvíce pozornosti, se kupříkladu emancipuje od aspektů, které náleží primárně jiným disciplínám, jako trojrozměrnost sochařského média či iluze podmalby a stínování. Sám Greenberg ztotožňuje esenci mal - by s plochostí, pomocí které dospěla k základním otázkám kompozice a monochromu. Tvrdí, že se tím malířství stalo nejen filozofickým, ale také skutečně historickým, neboť skrze popírání aspektů vlastní tradice si mohlo začít uvědomovat i své dějiny.36 Nicméně aby mohlo umění dosáhnout svého vrcholu, tj. své filozofie, musí dle Dan - ta položit otázku po své podstatě ve správném filozofickém znění. Přestože manifesty moderního umění tyto snahy reflektují, v odpovědi na vlastní podstatu selhávají, neboť zůstávají v zajetí hranic daného manifestu. Tvrdí, že pouze jejich umění je to správné, „ že 33 Termín pochází z Gombrichovy studie Umění a iluze , která vznikla jako série přednášek přednese - ných roku 1956 v Národní galerii ve Washingtonu pod pracovním názvem The Visible World and the Language of Art . Viz Ernst Gombrich, Umění a iluze , Praha 1985. – Veronika Kopecky, Letters to and from Ernst Gombrich regarding Art and Illusion , including some comments on his notion of „schema and correction“, Journal of Art Historiography , 2010, č. 3, nepag. 34 Danto (pozn. 3), s. 28. 35 Danto, Konec umění (pozn. 6), s. 16. 36 Clement Greenberg, Modernistická malba, in: Tomáš Pospiszyl (ed.), Před obrazem , Praha 1998, s. 36." 970 W2902680375.pdf 0 "CORRE CTION Correction: Theinfluences oftheM2R-GIRK4- RGS6 dependent parasympathetic pathway onelectrophysiol ogical properties ofthe mouse heart Kanchan Kulkarni, Xueyi Xie, Ezequiel Marron Fernandez deVelasco, Allison Anderson, Kirill A.Martemyanov, Kevin Wickman, Elena G.Tolkacheva The third author's lastname appears incorrectly inthecitation. The correct citation is: Kulkarni K,XieX,Marron Fernandez deVelasco E,Anderson A,Martemyanov KA, Wickman K,etal.(2018) The influences oftheM2R-GIRK4-RGS6 dependent parasympa- thetic pathway onelectrophysiological properties ofthemouse heart. PLoS ONE 13(4): e0193798. https://doi.org/10.1 371/journal.pone.0193798 Reference 1. Kulkarni K,XieX,Fernandez deVelasco EM, Anderson A,Martemy anov KA,Wickma nK,etal.(2018) The influence softheM2R-GIRK4- RGS6 depende ntparasympath eticpathway onelectrophy siological properties ofthemouse heart. PLoS ONE 13(4): e0193798. https://do i.org/10.1371 /journal.pon e. 0193798 PMID: 29668674 PLOS ONE |https://doi.or g/10.137 1/journal.po ne.02005 53 July 6,2018 1/1a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Kulkarni K,XieX,Marron Fernandez de Velasco E,Anderso nA,Martemyanov KA, Wickman K,etal.(2018) Correction: The influences oftheM2R-GIRK4- RGS6 dependent parasympathe ticpathway onelectrop hysiological properties ofthemouse heart. PLoS ONE13(7): e0200553. https://d oi.org/10.1371/j ournal. pone.020055 3 Published: July6,2018 Copyright: ©2018 Kulkarni etal.Thisisanopen access article distributed under theterms ofthe Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricte duse,distribu tion,and reproduction inanymedium, provided theoriginal author andsource arecredited." 971 W2647797892.pdf 11 "79Bruno Camporeze, et al. Journal of Health Sciences 2017;7(2):68-79 http://www.jhsci.ba https://doi.org/10.1159/000098630. 68. Santos CA, Svartman C, Alirio J, Lianza S. Espasticidade: Procedimentos Cirurgicos Orthopedicos. São Paulo: Associacao Brasileira de Medicina Fisica e Reabilitacao; 2006. 69. Franzini A, Ferroli P, Marras C, Broggi G. Huge epidural hematoma after surgery for spinal cord stimulation. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2005;147:565-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-004-0470-6. 70. Hollingworth W, Turner JA, Welton NJ, Comstock BA, Deyo RA. Costs and cost-effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for failed back surgery syndrome an observational study in a workers’ compensation population. SPINE 2011;36(24):2076-83. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31822a867c. 71. Dario A, Fortini G, Bertollo D, Bacuzzi A, Grizzetti C, Cuffari S. Treatment of failed back surgery syndrome. Neuromodulation 2001;4:105-10. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1403.2001.00105.x. 72. Ohnmeiss DD, Rashbaum RF, Bogdanffy GM. Prospective outcome eval - uation of spinal cord stimulation in patients with intrac table leg pain. Spine 1996;21(11):1344-51. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199606010-00013 ." 972 W4386319945.pdf 1 "2 Editorial War and more recently in the development of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. We must take up this challenge again as an urgent priority, working with renewed energy to reduce the risks of nuclear war and to eliminate nuclear weapons. Provenance and peer review Commissioned for the BMJ; not externally peer reviewed. Conflict of interest The authors have warranted to BMJ that they have read and understood the BMJ policy on declaration of interests and have no relevant interests to declare. References 1.Science and Security Board, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. A Time of Unprecedented Danger: It is 90 Seconds to Midnight. 2023 Doomsday Clock Statement. 2023. https://thebulletin. org/doomsday-clock/current-time/ (1 June 2023, date last accessed). 2.United Nations. Future Generations Counting on Our Com- mitment to Step Back from Abyss, Lift Cloud of Nuclear Annihilation for Good, Secretary-General Tells Review Confer- ence. 2022. Press Release August 1, 2022 SG/SM/21394 https:// press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21394.doc.htm (10 July 2023, date last accessed). 3.Tollefson J. Is nuclear war more likely after Russia’s sus- pension of the New START treaty? Nature 2023;615: 386. 4.United Nations. Review conference of the parties to the treaty on the non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). 2005. https:// www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2005/npttreaty.html (2 June 2023, date last accessed). 5.Mukhatzhanova G. 10th NPT Review Conference: Why it was Doomed and how it Almost Succeeded. 2022. Arms Control Asso- ciation. October, 2022. https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2022- 10/features/10th-npt-review-conference-why-doomed-almost- succeeded (2 June 2023, date last accessed). 6.Lewis P, Williams H, Pelopidas B et al. Too Close for Comfort, Cases of Near Nuclear use and Options for Policy. Chatham House Report. April, 2014. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2014/04/too- close-comfort-cases-near-nuclear-use-and-options-policy (1 June 2023, date last accessed).7.Bivens M. Nuclear Famine . IPPNW. August, 2022. https://www. ippnw.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/ENGLISH-Nuclear- Famine-Report-Final-bleed-marks.pdf (1 June 2023, date last accessed). 8.Xia L, Robock A, Scherrer K et al. Global food insecurity and famine from reduced crop, marine fishery and livestock pro- duction due to climate disruption from nuclear war soot injection. Nat Food 2022;3:586–96. 9.Helfand I, Lewis P, Haines A. Reducing the risks of nuclear war to humanity. Lancet 2022;399:1097–8. 10.Nobel Prize Outreach AB. International Physicians for the Pre- vention of Nuclear War—facts . 1985. https://www.nobelprize. org/prizes/peace/1985/physicians/facts/ (1 June 2023, date last accessed). 11.UN Office for Disarmament Affairs. Treaties Database. Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, status of the Treaty. 2023. https://treaties.unoda.org/t/tpnw (1 June 2023, date last accessed). 12.Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. No First Use: Frequently Asked Questions . 2023. https://armscontrolcenter.org/ issues/no-first-use/no-first-use-frequently-asked-questions/ (2 June 2023, date last accessed). Kamran Abbasi1, Parveen Ali2, Virginia Barbour3, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo4, Marcel G.M. Olde Rikkert5, Peng Gong6, Andy Haines7, Ira Helfand8, Richard Horton9, Bob Mash10, Arun Mitra8, Carlos Monteiro11, Elena N. Naumova12, Eric J. Rubin13, Tilman Ruff8, Peush Sahni14, James Tumwine15, Paul Yonga16, Chris Zielinski, 17,18 1Editor-in-Chief, British Medical Journal, 2Editor-in-Chief, International Nursing Review, 3Editor-in-Chief, Medical Journal of Australia, 4Editor-in-Chief, JAMA, 5Editor-in-Chief, Dutch Journal of Medicine, 6Editor-in-Chief, Chinese Science Bulletin, 7London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK, 8Past President, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, 9Editor-in-Chief, The Lancet, 10Editor-in-Chief, African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 11Editor-in-Chief, Revista de Saúde Pública, 12Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Public Health Policy, 13Editor-in-Chief, New England Journal of Medicine, 14Editor-in-Chief, National Medical Journal of India, 15Editor-in-Chief, African Health Sciences, 16Editor-in-Chief, East African Medical Journal, 17University of Winchester, UK, and 18World Association of Medical Editors Corresponding author: Chris Zielinski, E-mail: czielinski@ippnw.orgDownloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ijcoms/article/3/2/lyad012/7257213 by guest on 18 May 2024 " 973 W2469120423.pdf 11 "71 Nano Biomed. Eng. , 2016, Vol. 8, Iss. 2 http://www.nanobe.org [7] J.K. Baird, J.C. Clunie, Kinetics of lysozyme crystallization from solution. Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, 1999, 37: 285-295. [8] C.M. Ni emeyer, Nanoparticles, proteins, and nucleic acids: biotechnology meets materials science. Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2001, 40: 4128-4158. [9] S. Fermani, G. Falini, M. Minnucci, et al., Protein crystallization on polymeric film surfaces. Journal of crystal growth, 2001, 224: 327-334. [10] A. Garcia-Caballero, J.A. Gavira, E. Pineda-Molina, et al., Optimization of protein crystallization: The OptiCryst project. Crystal Growth & Design, 2011, 11: 2112-2121. [11] A.Y . Lee, I.S. Lee, S.S. Dette, et al., Crystallization on confined engineered surfaces: a method to control crystal size and generate different polymorphs. J Am Chem Soc , 2005, 127: 14982-14983. [12] J.J. Gray , The interaction of proteins with solid surfaces. Current opinion in structural biology , 2004, 14: 110-115. [13] S. Khurshid, E. Saridakis, L. Govada, et al., Porous nucleating agents for protein crystallization. Nat. Protocols, 2014, 9: 1621-1633. [14] T .M. Young, C.J. Roberts, Structure and thermodynamics of colloidal protein cluster formation: Comparison of square-well and simple dipolar models. The Journal of chemical physics , 2009, 131: 125104. [15] M.A. Blanco, E. Sahin, A.S. Robinson, et al., Coarse- Grained Model for Colloidal Protein Interactions, B 22, and Protein Cluster Formation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2013, 117: 16013-16028. [16] M.A. Martí-Renom, A.C. Stuart, A. Fiser, et al., Comparative protein structure modeling of genes and genomes. Annual review of biophysics and biomolecular structure, 2000, 29: 291-325. [17] M.A. Pi nard, K. Aslan, Metal-assisted and microwave- accelerated evaporative crystallization. Crystal growth & design, 2010, 10: 4706-4709. [18] A.M. Alabanza, E. Pozharski and K. Aslan, Rapid crystallization of l-alanine on engineered surfaces by use of metal-assisted and microwave-accelerated evaporative crystallization. Crystal growth & design, 2011, 12: 346- 353. [19] M. Mohammed, M.F . Syed, M.J. Bhatt, et al., Rapid and selective crystallization of acetaminophen using metal-assisted and microwave-accelerated evaporative crystallization. Nano biomedicine and engineering, 2012, 4: 35. [20] A.M. Alabanza, M. Mohammed and K. Aslan, Crystallization of amino acids on a 21-well circular PMMA platform using metal-assisted and microwave-accelerated evaporative crystallization. Nano Biomed Eng, 2013, 5: 140-147. [21] A. Mojibola, G. Dongmo-Momo, M. Mohammed, et al., Crystal engineering of l-alanine with l-leucine additive using metal-assisted and microwave-accelerated evaporative crystallization. Cryst Growth Des, 2014, 14: 2494-2501. [22] K. Mauge-Lewis, A. Mojibola, E.A. Toth, et al., Metal- assisted and microwave-accelerated evaporative crystallization: proof-of-principle application to proteins. Crystal Growth & Design, 2015, [23] T .G.G. Battye, L. Kontogiannis, O. Johnson, et al., iMOSFLM: a new graphical interface for diffraction-image processing with MOSFLM. Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography , 2011, 67: 271- 281. [24] P .R. Evans, An introduction to data reduction: space- group determination, scaling and intensity statistics. Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography, 2011, 67: 282-292. [25] M.D. Winn, C.C. Ballard, K.D. Cowtan, et al., Overview of the CCP4 suite and current developments. Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography, 2011, 67: 235-242. [26] A.M. Alabanza, M. Mohammed and K. Aslan, Crystallization of l-alanine in the presence of additives on a circular PMMA platform designed for metal-assisted and microwave-accelerated evaporative crystallization. Cryst Eng Comm, 2012, 14: 8424-8431. Copyright© 2016 Kevin Mauge-Lewis, Brittney Gordon, Fareeha Syed, Saarah Syed, Enock Bonyi, Muzaffer Mohammed, Eric A. Toth, Dereje Seifu, and Kadir Aslan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited." 974 W4387570022.pdf 1 "POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH , No 3/2023175all continents. By 2000, more than 3,000 offshore oil and gas fields had been discovered [7]. Products are delivered to land using special product pipelines that are laid on the seabed on special supports or buried in the ground [8]. They are in difficult operating conditions, and in addition to the working pressure of the transported product, they are also loaded with external hydrostatic water pressure. Pipelines can also be affected by waves and currents. They must be insulated to protect against corrosion and lined to protect the coating from mechanical damage [9]. Unlike deep-water drilling, offshore mining takes place at a depth of 100...200 meters. However, the work is complicated due to water surface disturbance, rock washout, and its release into the habitat of marine life, which is a threat to the environment [10]. Most underwater vehicles operating at these depths have a limited carrying capacity, which can be increased by equipping them with buoyancy modules (Fig. 1), which are installed externally in a space free of equipment and supporting structures. Fig. 1. Buoyancy modulus [10] They can have a variety of configurations and consist of separate blocks that are not identical in size and shape [11]. They are an integral part of the combined buoyancy systems that are placed in volumes free of load-bearing structures and are subject to hydrostatic pressure during operation. Problematic issues in their design and operation are the combination of strength characteristics of structures with reduced weight and dimensions and functional capabilities to operate under extreme conditions of wave, hydrostatic, and acoustic loads. Solutions include the development and use of highly specialised and multifunctional composite materials. Due to a set of valuable physical and mechanical properties, the use of inorganic glass shells, glass, and alumina ceramics is considered universal in deep-water technologies. Theoretical and experimental studies of their strength have shown that, along with lightness and strength, shell structures made of these materials are non-magnetic, radiotransparent, and chemically resistant. Buoyancy materials are subject to the requirements of low density, optimal buoyancy, ability to withstand hydrostatic loads, high specific strength, corrosion and chemical resistance, and resistance to atmospheric and bacterial action. PVC is used for small depths [12]. Also, polyurethane foams will meet these requirements. Each kilogram of polyurethane foam provides a lifting force of approximately 300 N (density as low as 100 kg/m3), so its use is effective in raising sunken vessels, removing them from reefs, shoals, and underwater pipeline equipment. Polyurethane foams are also used to make life-saving equipment such as rafts, belts, bibs, lapel pins, and dinghies. They are used as coatings on the sides of heavy ships and on the floors and ceilings of shipboard accommodations [13]. However, their low strength characteristics do not allow them to be used in technologies for manufacturing additional buoyancy blocks for underwater exploration and research vehicles. The maximum immersion depth of polyurethane foam is 350 meters (density 0.4 kg/m3). In addition, they are flammable, toxic, and unable to operate for a long time at temperatures above 60 °C. Syntactic foams are considered to be more competitive composite materials. They are synthesised by filling a polymer matrix with glass, ceramic, and carbon microspheres. The existing experience in producing composite materials and coatings based on non-metallic microspheres is based on low-temperature technologies for the preparation of colloidal solutions. Phenolic, polyester, polyamide, and, most often, epoxy matrices are used for the manufacture of composites. They ensure homogeneity of composition, a certain density, and increased adhesion strength. Glass inclusions are evenly distributed in the polymer matrix (Fig. 2a). The use of this material as part of the buoyancy material provides an apparent density in the range of 450...700 kg/m3 with a possible operating depth to 12,000 m [14]. An important disadvantage of syntactic foams is the impossibility of their long-term operation at temperatures above 110 to 130 °C due to the presence of a polymeric thermosetting binder. The choice of materials is an important and difficult stage in solving design problems. Most polymer compositions are characterised by increased flammability and toxicity, and they lose their thermal insulation properties with increasing temperature and water absorption. Alternative buoyancy composite materials that combine high hydrostatic strength with thermal insulation capacity are foam glasses with a density of 300...700 kg/m3 [15]. The technology for their production is based on the sintering of glass powders with a dispersion of 20...150 μm in a particular sodium silicate composition, with a gas-forming agent (Fig. 2b). As a result, a porous structure is formed, making this material indispensable for use in combined buoyancy units of underwater vehicles with a submergence depth of up to 2000 m. Thus, the analysis of the problems of using modern composite materials in the technologies of designing and manufacturing underwater technical means has shown the prospects of introducing materials with a cellular structure that provides a set of valuable operational properties. The choice of raw materials for their creation is based on the principles of forming cells with a certain geometry. For this purpose, dispersed substances such as glass powders or hollow microspheres are suitable. Reducing the density of the compositions will be facilitated by the choice of high- temperature technologies, such as sintering, which will exclude the use of polymeric binders. However, the influence of technological parameters, in particular temperature and pressure, on the processes of structure formation during the sintering of microspheres without additional impurities remains insufficient. " 975 W4289671268.pdf 2 "IAJPS 2018, 05 (08), 8002-8006 Amna Ashraf et al ISSN 2349-7750 w w w . i a j p s . c o m Page 8004 The data of research was under statistical analysis . The data w as entered in computer & analysed by using the methods of IBM, SPSS software having a version of (20.0) . By using the Chi-square test, the comparison among different groups with respect to categorical was carried out. The time when more than twenty percent of cells were hoped to be counted less than five, the correction for chi-square was performed by the method of Monte Carlo correction or fisher ’s Exact test. In case the data was distributed in an abnormal manner, the tests used for normally distributed data were nonparametric tests. The contrastive study among 2 studied groups was performed using independent t-test but in case of data distributed abnormally, the comparison was carried out using Mann Whitney test. The importance of obtained outcomes was examined at the level of five percent. RESULTS: The following was the result of all cases: 79 percent were HPV -ve & 21 percent were HPV +ve , 34 percent were -ve for intraepithelial lesions i.e. 30 percent normal & 66 percent were +ve for intraepithelial lesions & 37 percent ASCUS. And 18 percent LSIL and 11 percent of HSIL. One percent inflammatory atypia and three percent squamous metaplasia. Underlying relationship among abnormal cytology results and HPV DNA results was shown in the table no.1. Moreover, it demonstrated that sixty-six cases had intraepithelial lesions of cervix and eleven cases had HSIL. From these 11 cases, three were negative for HPV & eight were positive for HPV. Eighteen cases had LSIL & from these eighteen cases , seventeen were negative & one was found to be positive. For HPV category, thirty-seven cases had ASCUS from which thirty were negative & six were found positive for HPV. A clear +ve link was found between HPV DNA positivity & HSIL. Size and configuration, nuclei are round with minimal irregular outlines and size 2-3 times of normal intermediate cell or twice the squamous metaplastic cell. All the cases of LSIL and ASCUS have been re- smeared after a time period of three to six months. Moreover, there was a regression of abnormality found in thirty-four cases which was 91.9 percent & thirteen cases which was 72.2 percent. And there was found a persistence of abnormality in three cases i.e. 8.1 perce nt of ASCUS & five cases i.e. 27.8 percent in the case of LSIL. The colposcopy examinations of all cases along with HSIL i.e. ten out of eleven cases were attended. The +ve HPV which was sixteen out of twenty-one cases were attended and persistent LSIL & ASCUS. The cases along with abnormal cytology were examined through VIA test and colposcopy had abnormal lesions. The biopsies were obtained & ten in sixteen cases of HPV +ve at the percentage of 62.5 have abnormal lesions by colposcopy. The biopsies have been obtained & results were fourteen cases of CIN I & four cases of CIN II as in the table no.2. The table no. 2 shows that seven in ten HPV positive cases had CIN I & three cases had CIN II. Moreover, six in ten cases with HSIL had CIN I & four cases had CIN II. Three cases of ASCUS had CIN I & five cases of LSIL. The outcomes of this study showed that HPV DNA testing had sensitivity at 22.73 percent and specificity which was found at 82.35 percent. When compared with Pap test in table no.3, it was found that +ve predictive value i.e. PPV was 67.43 percent & -ve predictive value i.e. NPV at the rate of 35.44 & the accuracy was 43 percent. Table 1: Relation between HPV DNA results and different types of abnormal cytolog y HPV 2 p Negative (n = 51) Positive (n = 15) No. % No. % Positive smears 16.229* MCp <0.001* Cases with HSIL 3 5.9 8 53.3 18.791 FEp <0.001* Cases with LSIL 17 33.3 1 6.7 4.156* FEp = 0.051* Cases with ASCUS 31 60.8 6 40.0 2.033 0.154 " 976 W3020846648.pdf 9 "Water 2020 ,12, 1340 10 of 21 Bay ranged from 0.2 to 3.1, with an average of 1.4, and evenness values ranged from 0.2 to 0.4, with an average of 0.3. When Cape Lamb was considered alone, richness ranged from five to 38 with an average of 20.0, evenness ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 with an average of 0.3, and Shannon diversity ranged from 0.5 to 2.7 with an average of 1.9. The results of the PCA of the modern samples are summarized in the ordination diagram in Figure 6. The first two axes explain 17.2 % of the total variation in community composition. The x-axis alone explains 9.8% and is (in general) driven by Cape Lamb pond samples to the right and moss samples to the left. The y-axis alone explains 7.4% and is primarily driven by the stream and moss samples at the top of the plot. Nitzschia kleinteichiana is strongly associated with lake samples and Fistulifera pelliculosa with streams. Moss samples are influenced by Humidophila vojtajarosikii and Navicula romanedwardii to the left. Navicula gregaria ,N. dobrinatemniskovae , and N. cremeri influence pond samples from Cape Lamb by pulling them to the right of the graph, while Achnanthes muelleri and Luticola vermeulenii pull Devil’s Bay pond samples to the left. When the relationship between diatom community composition and habitat type was tested with PERMANOVA (999 permutations), the di erences between habitat types were significant (pseudo-F =2.917, p<0.001). Water 2020 , 12, 1340 10 of 21 belonging to 31 genera were observed in our study , and a complete list of taxa is presented in Table S2. Due to uncertainties in their correct taxonomic identity , several taxa could only be identified to the genus level , and therefore , their distribution could not be designated (Table S2). The number of genera recorded per sample ranged from two to 18 , with a median value of nine . The highest number of genera was recorded in a lake sample from Devil’s Bay (Sample L_NE_2 , 18 genera) , and the lowest was found in a stream from the same area (Sample ST_NE_48 , 2 genera). The ten most abundant genera accounted for 89.4 % of all counted valves , and the ten most common taxa from Cape Lamb accounted for 65.3 % of all counted valves from the Cape Lamb dataset . Meanwhile , the ten most common taxa from Devil’s Bay accounted for 68.8 % of all counted valves from the Devil’s Bay dataset. Overall , the most abundant species was Nitzschia kleinteichiana , representing 20.3 % of all valves counted , followed by Chamaepinnularia krookiiformis (8.9%), Nitzschia paleacea (8.6%), and Nitzschia homburgiensis (7.8%). The most species -rich gen us was Luticola with 23 species , followed by Nitzschia with 11 species. From Cape Lamb , the most abundant taxa were C. krookiiformis (14% of the total relative abundance) , N. kleinteichiana (11%), and N. paleacea (10%), while the Devil’s Bay diatom flora was dominated by N. kleinteichiana (26.7 %), N. homburgiensis (8.8%), N. paleacea (7.5%), and Fistulifera pelliculosa (6.7%, Figure 4). Figure 4. Dot plot representation of relative abundance counts averaged by sample. Site codes are on the x -axis, and species codes are on the y -axis. The size of a dot is proportional to the relative abundance of a particular species in a given sample. Only diatoms with relative abundances > 4 % are plotted. Pond habitats are indicated by blue circles , moss habitats by green diamonds , seepages by black squares , and streams by red triangles. Symbols for Devil’s Bay are filled , and Cape Lamb sites are represented by outlines only. The k ey for species abbreviations are available in Table S2 and site names in Table S1. Stream habitats were dominated by N. kleinteichiana (38%), F. pelliculosa (23.8 %), and N. homburgiensis (11.1 %), while moss es were characterized mainly by C. krookiformis (23.7%), N. Figure 4. Dot plot representation of relative abundance counts averaged by sample. Site codes are on the x-axis, and species codes are on the y-axis. The size of a dot is proportional to the relative abundance of a particular species in a given sample. Only diatoms with relative abundances >4 % are plotted. Pond habitats are indicated by blue circles, moss habitats by green diamonds, seepages by black squares, and streams by red triangles. Symbols for Devil’s Bay are filled, and Cape Lamb sites are represented by outlines only. The key for species abbreviations are available in Table S2 and site names in Table S1." 977 W4323304333.pdf 4 "Asian Institute of Research Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews Vol.2, No.1, 2023 47 support, and improve access to resources and support. These efforts are necessary to overcome the challenges and ensure the improvement of English l anguage teaching in Thailand. 3.3 Cultural considerations and challenges Cultural considerations and challenges are critical in teaching and learning English in Thailand. The cultural differences between English and Thai can impact how English language l earning is approached and perceived in the Thai context, as noted by Sirichai and Nakpoo (2023). The Thai language structure and pronunciation can also pose challenges for Thai learners of English. The cultural differences can also influence the expectatio ns and attitudes of learners and teachers toward English language learning, as highlighted by Hill (2022). Moreover, the role of English in Thai culture and society also poses challenges for English language teaching in Thailand. The use of English in Thai tourism and business, for instance, requires Thai learners to develop their linguistic and intercultural c ompetence, as noted by Kaewsuwan (2022). Furthermore, the perceived status of English in Thai society can influence learners' motivation and attitude toward learning the language. A more culturally responsive and inclusive approach to English language tea ching is necessary to address these challenges. According to Kirtikara (2021), teachers need to acknowledge the cultural and linguistic variations between Thai and English and implement teaching practices that are relevant and appropriate for Thai learners . Moreover, promoting intercultural communication and exchange, providing opportunities for cross -cultural experiences, and valuing the role of Thai culture and language in English language learning are essential in developing learners' intercultural compe tence. In addition, cultural considerations and challenges are critical factors in teaching and learning English in Thailand. Addressing these challenges through a culturally responsive and inclusive approach to English language teaching is necessary to i mprove the quality and effectiveness of English language learning in Thailand. The work discusses the different factors that impact English language education in Thailand. It highlights the importance of language policy and planning in developing English language education in Thailand. The Thai government has made significant efforts to promote English language learning and integrate it into the national curriculum. However, there are still challenges in implementing language policies, and a more comprehen sive approach is needed. The work also explores the importance of pedagogical principles and practices in ensuring effective English language teaching in Thailand. The communicative language teaching (CLT) approach has gained popularity recently and is see n as effective in enhancing learners' communicative competence. Finally, the study discusses the cultural considerations and challenges that impact English language teaching in Thailand. Cultural differences between English and Thai can influence how Engli sh language learning is approached and perceived in the Thai context. A more culturally responsive and inclusive approach to English language teaching is necessary. The study cites various studies to support its arguments and provides insights into the ong oing efforts to improve English language education in Thailand. 4. Discussion of policy implications The Thai government has prioritized English language learning, implementing several language policies such as making English a medium of instruction in higher education and requiring public sector employees to demonstrate English proficiency. However, ther e are still inconsistencies and fragmentation in policy implementation, with a need for more clarity and coherence, as highlighted by Varavarn and Sawanpanyalert (2020). 4.1 Current policies and their effectiveness in promoting English language learning One policy that has effectively promoted English language learning in Thailand is promoting English as a medium of instruction in higher education. This policy aims to improve Thai universities' international competitiveness and prepare students for the gl obal workforce. According to Varavarn and Sawanpanyalert (2020), this policy has" 978 W3034709763.pdf 6 "Pan et al. Association of sUA and BMD 7. ElRidiR,TallimaH.Physiologicalfunctionsandpathogenicpote ntialofuric acid:areview .JAdvRes .(2017)8:487–93.doi:10.1016/j.jare.2017.03.003 8. Kaushal N, Vohora D, Jalali RK, Jha S. Review of the literature exa mining theassociationofserumuricacidwithosteoporosisandmechanis ticinsights intoItseffectonbonemetabolism .EndocrMetabImmunDisordDrugTargets . (2019)19:259–73.doi:10.2174/18715303186661811021151 06 9. Chen F, Wang Y, Guo Y, Wang J, Yang A, Lv Q, et al. Specific higher levels of serum uric acid might have a protective effect on bone mineral density within a Chinese population over 60 years old: a cross-sec tional study from northeast China . Clin Interventions Aging . (2019) 14:1065– 73.doi:10.2147/CIA.S186500 10. Babaei M, Shamsi R, Heidari B, Bijani A, Hosseini SR. Serum uric acid status and its association with bone mineral density in th e elderly people aged 60 years and more . Int J. Endocr Metab . (2019) 17:e80780.doi:10.5812/ijem.80780 11. Kaushal N, Vohora D, Jalali RK, Jha S. Raised serum uric acid is associated with higher bone mineral density in a cross-section al study of a healthy Indian population . Ther Clin Risk Manage . (2018) 14:75– 82.doi:10.2147/TCRM.S147696 12. Hwang J, Hwang JH, Ryu S, Ahn JK. Higher serum uric acid is associa ted with higher lumbar spine bone mineral density in male health-screenin g examinees: a cross-sectional study . J bone Miner Metabol . (2019) 37:142– 51.doi:10.1007/s00774-018-0905-4 13. Han W, Bai X, Wang N, Han L, Sun X, Chen X. Association between lu mbar bone mineral density and serum uric acid in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectionalstudyofhealthyChinesepopulation .ArchOsteoporosis .(2017) 12:50.doi:10.1007/s11657-017-0345-0 14. Xiao J, Chen W, Feng X, Liu W, Zhang Z, He L, et al. Serum uric acid is associated with lumbar spine bone mineral density in health y Chinese males older than 50 years . Clin Interventions Aging . (2017) 12:445– 52.doi:10.2147/CIA.S130690 15. Yan DD, Wang J, Hou XH, Bao YQ, Zhang ZL, Hu C, et al. Association of serum uric acid levels with osteoporosis and bone turnover markers in a Chinese population . Acta pharmacologica Sinica . (2018) 39:626– 32.doi:10.1038/aps.2017.165 16. Karimi F, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Omrani GR. Association between seru m uric acid and bone health in adolescents . Osteoporosis Int. (2019) 30:2057– 64.doi:10.1007/s00198-019-05072-w 17. Lee JH. Prevalence of hyperuricemia and its association with meta bolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors in Korean children and adolescents: analysis based on the 2016-2017 Korea National he alth and nutrition examination survey. Korean J Pediatr . (2019) 62:317– 23.doi:10.3345/kjp.2019.00444 18. Xu M, Su J, Hao J, Zhong N, Zhang Z, Cui R, et al. Positive assoc iation betweenserumuricacidandbonemineraldensityinChinesetype2d iabetes mellitus stratified by gender and BMI . J Bone Miner Metab . (2018) 36:609– 19.doi:10.1007/s00774-017-0877-9 19. Dong XW, Tian HY, He J, Wang C, Qiu R, Chen YM. Elevated serum uric acid is associated with greater bone mineral density an d skeletal muscle mass in middle-aged and older adults . PLoS ONE . (2016) 11:e0154692.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154692 20. Zipf G, Chiappa M, Porter KS, Ostchega Y, Lewis BG, Dostal J. Na tional health and nutrition examination survey: plan and operations, 1999 -2010. VitalHealthStat.1 .(2013)1:1–37. 21. Zhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK. Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the national health and nutrition examinatio n survey 2007-2008 .ArthritisRheum .(2011)63:3136–41.doi:10.1002/art.30520 22. LiuR,HanC,WuD,XiaX,GuJ,GuanH,etal.Prevalenceofhyperuricemi a and gout in mainland China from 2000 to 2014: a systematic review an d meta-analysis .BiomedResInt .(2015)2015:762820.doi:10.1155/2015/762820 23. LiN,ZhangS,LiW,WangL,LiuH,LiW,etal.Prevalenceofhyperuri cemia and its related risk factors among preschool children from China . Sci Rep. (2017)7:9448.doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10120-824. Shiozawa A, Szabo SM, Bolzani A, Cheung A, Choi HK. Serum uric a cid and the risk of incident and recurrent gout: a systematic review . J Rheumatol . (2017)44:388–96.doi:10.3899/jrheum.160452 25. LiX,MengX,TimofeevaM,TzoulakiI,TsilidisKK,IoannidisJP ,etal.Serum uric acid levels and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of evidence from observational studies, randomised controlled trials, and Mend elian randomisationstudies .BMJ.(2017)357:j2376.doi:10.1136/bmj.j2376 26. Kubota M. Hyperuricemia in children and adolescents: present knowledge and future directions . J Nutr Metab . (2019) 2019:3480718.doi:10.1155/2019/3480718 27. Ishii S, Miyao M, Mizuno Y, Tanaka-Ishikawa M, Akishita M , Ouchi Y. Association between serum uric acid and lumbar spine bone mineral de nsity in peri- and postmenopausal Japanese women . Osteoporosis Int. (2014) 25:1099–105.doi:10.1007/s00198-013-2571-7 28. Ahn SH, Lee SH, Kim BJ, Lim KH, Bae SJ, Kim EH, et al. Higher serum uric acid is associated with higher bone mass, lower bone tu rnover, and lower prevalence of vertebral fracture in healthy postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis Int. (2013) 24:2961–70. doi: 10.1007/s00198-013-2 377-7 29. Veronese N, Bolzetta F, De Rui M, Maggi S, Noale M, Zambon S, et al. Serum uric acid and incident osteoporotic fractures in old people: the PRO.V.A study . Bone. (2015) 79:183–9. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2015. 06.005 30. KimSC,PaikJM,LiuJ,CurhanGC,SolomonDH.Goutandtherisko fnon- vertebralfracture .JBoneMinerRes. (2017)32:230–6.doi:10.1002/jbmr.2978 31. Mehta T, Buzkova P, Sarnak MJ, Chonchol M, Cauley JA, Wallace E, et al. Serum urate levels and the risk of hip fractures: data from the Cardiovascular Health Study . Metabolism. (2015) 64:438–46.doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2014.11.006 32. Zhang D, Bobulescu IA, Maalouf NM, Adams-Huet B, Poindexter J , Park S, et al. Relationship between serum uric acid and bone mineral densit y in the generalpopulationandinratswithexperimentalhyperuricemia .JBoneMiner Res.(2015)30:992–9.doi:10.1002/jbmr.2430 33. Lee YH, Song GG. Uric acid level, gout and bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomization study . Eur J Clin Invest . (2019) 49:e13156.doi:10.1111/eci.13156 34. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenb roucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational stu dies. Lancet. (2007)370:1453–7.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61602-X 35. Makovey J, Macara M, Chen JS, Hayward CS, March L, Seibel MJ, et al. Serum uric acid plays a protective role for bone loss in peri- and postmenopausal women: a longitudinal study . Bone. (2013) 52:400– 6.doi:10.1016/j.bone.2012.10.025 36. Li HZ, Chen Z, Hou CL, Tang YX, Wang F, Fu QG. Uric acid promotes osteogenic differentiation and inhibits adipogenic differenti ation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells . J Biochem Mol Toxicol . (2015) 29:382– 7.doi:10.1002/jbt.21707 37. AlvimRO,SiqueiraJH,ZaniqueliD,DutraDM,OliosaPR,MillJG.I nfluence of muscle mass on the serum uric acid levels in children and adolescents . Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. (2020) 30:300–5. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019. 08.019 Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be c onstrued as a potentialconflictofinterest. Copyright © 2020 Pan, Yao, Liu and Zhu. This is an open-access arti cle distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, p rovided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that th e original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academ ic practice. No use, distributionorreproductionispermittedwhichdoesnotco mplywiththeseterms. Frontiers in Medicine | www.frontiersin.org 7 June 2020 | Volume 7 | Article 255" 979 W2905224924.pdf 13 "Molecules 2019 ,24, 15 14 of 17 values of those genes referring to the same transcription factors were regarded as the transcription factors’ expression value. In this study, we used our previous RNA-Seq dataset for construction of the co-expression network between OPT genes and transcription factors. FPKMs of all genes including OPT genes and transcription factors were combined and used for the calculation of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to predict potential gene regulatory networks. The correlation coefficient ( ) for each gene pair was calculated by the built-in function “cor” in R, and a threshold of |0.85| was regarded as significant co-expression. Visualization of the network was created in Cytoscape 3.6.1 [ 70]. 4. Conclusions This study is the first to investigate the chromosomal location, expression profiling, and transcriptional regulation networks of P . ginseng OPT genes and provide a comparative genome analysis addressing the phylogeny, gene structure, and paralogs duplication history of the OPT gene family in P . ginseng and 11 flowering plants. Chromosomal location analyses revealed that structural variation occurred after segmental duplication, expression profiling, and transcriptional co-expression networks analyses, which indicates that both specific and pleiotropic transcription regulators might be involved in the regulation of OPT genes’ expression. Phylogenetic analyses suggested two well-supported clades in the OPT family, which can be further classified into 12 or 19 distinct groups. Motif compositions are conserved in each clade and clade-specific motifs were frequently occupied within each clade. Estimations for paralogs divergence history indicated that the majority of OPT paralogs in P . ginseng might have emerged from recent duplications, which was different from the history of Arabidopsis or cassava. The study of expression profiles in different organs and tissues of P . ginseng has provided insights into possible functional divergence among OPT members and important functional roles in the plant development of some OPT members. These data may provide valuable information for future functional investigations of this gene family. Supplementary Materials: See the word file of “The list of supplementary materials.” All supplementary materials are available online. Author Contributions: Z.H. conceived and designed the research framework. H.C., J.X., and Y.C. prepared the sample and performed the experiments. J.X. and Y.C. provided many important suggestions for data analysis. H.S. analyzed the data. H.S. and J.X. wrote the manuscript. J.B., L.G., J.H., W.X., J.Z., X.Q, and Z.H make revisions to the final manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Funding: This work was supported by grants from several founds supported by Guangdong Forestry Department, Guangdong food and Drug Administration and Guangdong Provincial Bureau of traditional Chinese Medicine (2017KT1835, 2018KT1050, 2018TDZ16, 2018KT1138, 2018KT1228, and 2018KT1230), National Nature Science Foundation of China (81803672), standardized research and application of precise powder decoction pieces in traditional Chinese Medicine, and Construction Project of TCM Hospital Preparation by Special Fund of Strong Province Construction in TCM, Guangdong, China (No. 6). Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Stacey, M.G.; Koh, S.; Becker, J.; Stacey, G. Atopt3, a member of the oligopeptide transporter family, is essential for embryo development in Arabidopsis .Plant Cell 2002 ,14, 2799–2811. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 2. Perry, J.R.; Basrai, M.A.; Steiner, H.Y.; Naider, F.; Becker, J.M. Isolation and characterization of a saccharomyces cerevisiae peptide transport gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1994 ,14, 104–115. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 3. Steiner, H.Y.; Naider, F.; Becker, J.M. The ptr family: A new group of peptide transporters. Mol. Microbiol. 1995 ,16, 825–834. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 4. Swift, S.; Throup, J.P .; Williams, P .; Salmond, G.P .; Stewart, G.S. Quorum sensing: A population-density component in the determination of bacterial phenotype. Trends Biochem. Sci. 1996 ,21, 214–219. [CrossRef] 5. Kuchler, K.; Sterne, R.E.; Thorner, J. 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[CrossRef] [PubMed]" 980 W3127736440.pdf 22 22 Appendix List of Interviewees Interviewee Sex Party & relevant information Date of interview (dd/mm/yyyy) Nr 1 Female PSD, Portalegre, Candidate (2nd position) 5/11/2020 Nr 2 Female PSD, Lisbon, Candidate (1st position) 6/11/2020 Nr 3 Male PSD, Portalegre, Candidate (1st position) 16/11/2020 Nº 4 Female PS, President of women’s section 16/11/2020 Nr 5 Male PS, Lisbon, Candidate (27th position) 17/11/2020 Nr 6 Female PS, Lisbon, Candidate (2nd position) 18/11/2020 Nr 7 Male PS, Vice President of the District Federation of Portalegre 19/11/2020 981 W1987930566.pdf 0 "This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. Download details: IP Address: 84.97.66.88 This content was downloaded on 02/02/2015 at 08:50 Please note that terms and conditions apply. Vibrating-wire measurement method for centering and alignment of solenoids View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more2013 JINST 8 P11006 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/8/11/P11006)HomeSearch Collections Journals AboutContact us My IOPscience" 982 W4392392596.pdf 1 "El-Gilany, A.H. www.ijehs.c om 2024, Vol. 5: e65 CC BY 4.0 2 Several attempts have been made over the years to measure the multidimensional characteristics of HWB. This narrative review examines HWB from a public health standpoint. Methods Google Scholar and PubMed were searched for published full -text English papers and webpages using the key phrases ""wellbeing"" in combination with ""definition"", ""types"", ""measurement"", ""importance"", and ""challenges"" up to January 23, 2024. These combinations were created using the Boolean operators 'AND' and 'OR'. All collected literature was evaluated for inclusion in the review. We selected the most relevant articles. Definition HWB can be defined in a variety of ways, including health, standard of living, human welfare, happiness, and quality of life. HWB is defined as a sense of vitality and health resulting from one's ideas, emotions, behaviors, feelings of well -being, and experiences. Wellbeing (WB) refers to feeling socially connected, happy, healthy, and meaningful most of the time (8,9). WB is defined as the development of one or more of five elements: engagement, positive feeling, meaning, relationships, and accomplishments (10). HWB and related terms WB refers to a variety of ideas, including health, welfare, wellbeing, self -esteem, self -efficacy, self - determination, resilience, quality of life, mood enhancement, positive mental health, life satisfaction, and worthwhileness (11, 12). Health : According to the World Health Organization, health is ""a state of complete physical, social, and mental well -being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,"" and it is a positive state for individuals and societies. It is influenced by economic, social, and environmental factors. Health is a fundamental human right (13). The WB idea is intimately tied to mental health, and there is a two -way relationship in which the WB is both a predictor of health and a consequence of it. Mental health is a positive notion that refers to the emotional and social well -being of individuals and populations. Being mentally healthy or having good mental health refers to a general condition of well - being (14,15). Happiness : It is normal to think about WB as similar to happiness. However, they have different meanings. There are three sorts of happiness: life satisfaction, pleasant feelings, and low negative feelings (9). Happiness represents a person's feelings from moment to moment, whereas WB contains happiness as well as how pleased people are with their lives, sense of independence in control of their lives, and purpose in life. Subjective well -being (SWB) is the scientific word for happiness (16, 17). Wellness is an active process of transformation and progress to achieve optimal health and well -being (18). It is a self -directed, purposeful, and ongoing process of individuals realizing their full potential to live a good and affirming life (19). Wellness encompasses a wide range of activities, including job satisfaction, physical activity, a healthy diet, and nutrition, abstaining from alcohol, tobacco, and drugs, contributing to the environment and community, creativity and mental activities, the purpose of human existence, and, finally, accepting one's own feelings (19,20). Quality of life (QOL) : WB takes into account quality of life and the contributions of individuals and societies to the global community. This encompasses prospering, equitable resource allocation, and sustainability (13). QOL is described as an individual's entire enjoyment of life, including their sense of well -being and ability to perform daily living activities. It refers to the perceived physical and mental health of an individual or group over time (21). Pillars of WB Here are the five pillars of personal well -being that should be examined collectively to create balance (9,22,23) : 1- Emotional, mental, or psychological well -being (feeling joyful) : is the ability to manage and cope with stress while being resilient and cognizant of positive emotions . 2- Physical WB (feel healthy): This involves appropriate food, physical activity, and adequate sleep to promote bodily function . 3- Social WB (feel connected): The ability to converse and build intimacy with people. This requires social abilities such as kindness, gratitude, and communication ." 983 W2888383451.pdf 4 "3. Oldenburg C, Barnighausen T, Tanser F, et al. Antiretroviral therapy to prevent HIV acquisition in serodiscordant couples in a hyperendemiccommunity in rural South Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63:548 –554. 4. The INSIGHT START Study Group. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:795 –807. 5. Hatcher AM, Smout EM, Turan JM, et al. Intimate partner violence and engagement in HIV care and treatment among women. AIDS. 2015;29: 2183 –2194. 6. Gonzalez JS, Batchelder AW, Psaros C, et al. Depression and HIV/AIDS treatment nonadherence: a review and meta-analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;58:181 –187. 7. Malow R, Dévieux JG, Stein JA, et al. Depression, substance abuse and other contextual predictors of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART)among Haitians. AIDS Behav. 2013;17:1221 –1230. 8. Oldenburg CE, Perez-Brumer AG, Reisner SL. Poverty matters: contextualizing the syndemic condition of psychological factors and newly diagnosed HIV infection in the United States. AIDS. 2014;28: 2763 –2769. 9. Sudfeld CR, Kaaya S, Gunaratna NS, et al. Depression at antiretroviral therapy initiation and clinical outcomes among a cohort of Tanzanianwomen living with HIV. AIDS. 2017;31:263 –271. 10. Anderson JC, Campbell JC, Glass NE, et al. Impact of intimate partner violence on clinic attendance, viral suppression and CD4 cell count of women living with HIV in an urban clinic setting. AIDS Care. 2017;30:399 –408. 11. Hampanda KM, Nimz AM, Abuogi LL. Barriers to uptake of early infant HIV testing in Zambia: the role of intimate partner violence and HIVstatus disclosure within couples. AIDS Res Ther. 2017;14:17. 12. Minnis A, Doherty I, Kline T, et al. Relationship power, communication, and violence among couples: results of a cluster-randomized HIV prevention study in a South African township. IJWH. 2015;7:517 –519. 13. Shannon K, Strathdee SA, Goldenberg SM, et al. Global epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers: in fluence of structural determinants. Lancet. 2015;385:55 –71. 14. Baral S, Beyrer C, Muessig K, et al. Burden of HIV among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12:538 –549. 15. Wilson KS, Wanje G, Yuhas K, et al. A prospective study of intimate partner violence as a risk factor for detectable plasma viral load in HIV-positive women engaged in transactional sex in Mombasa, Kenya. AIDS Behav. 2016;20:2065 –2077. 16 Wilson KS, Deya R, Masese L, et al. Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence in HIV-positive women engaged in transactional sex in Mombasa, Kenya. Int J STD AIDS. 2016; 27: 1194 –1203. 17. Schwartz S, Lambert A, Phaswana-Mafuya N, et al. Engagement in the HIV care cascade and barriers to antiretroviral therapy uptake amongfemale sex workers in Port Elizabeth, South Africa: findings froma respondent-driven sampling study. Sex Transm Infect. 2016;93:290 – 296. 18. Cowan FM, Mtetwa S, Davey C, et al. Engagement with HIV prevention treatment and care among female sex workers in Zimbabwe: a respondent driven sampling survey. PLoS One. 2013;8:e77080. 19. Rhead R, Elmes J, Otobo E, et al. Do female sex workers have lower uptake of HIV treatment services than non-sex workers? A cross-sectional study from east Zimbabwe. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e018751 –18. 20. Mendoza C, Barrington C, Donastorg Y, et al. Violence from a sexual partner is signi ficantly associated with poor HIV care and treatment outcomes among female sex workers in the Dominican Republic. J Acquir Immune De fic Syndr. 2017;74:273 –278. 21. Chanda MM, Ortblad KF, Mwale M, et al. HIV self-testing among female sex workers in Zambia: a cluster randomized controlled trial.PLoS Med. 2017;14:e1002442. 22. Oldenburg CE, Ortblad KF, Chanda M, et al. Zambian Peer Educators for HIV Self-Testing (ZEST) Study: rationale and design of a cluster randomized trial of HIV self-testing among female sex workers inZambia. BMJ Open. 2017;20:e014780. 23. Duff P, Goldenberg S, Deering K, et al. Barriers to viral suppression among female sex workers. JA c q u i rI m m u n eD e fic Syndr. 2016;73:83 –90. 24. Lancaster KE, Cernigliaro D, Zulliger R, et al. HIV care and treatment experiences among female sex workers living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Afr J AIDS Res. 2016;15:377 –386. 25. Mtetwa S, Busza J, Chidiya S, et al. “You are wasting our drugs ”: health service barriers to HIV treatment for sex workers in Zimbabwe. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:698. 26. Cowan FM, Davey C, Fearon E, et al. The HIV care cascade among female sex workers in Zimbabwe: results of a population-based survey from the Sisters Antiretroviral therapy Programme for Prevention of HIV, an Integrated Response (SAPPH-IRe) Trial. J Acquir Immune De fic Syndr. 2017;74:375 –382. 27. Chanda MM, Perez-Brumer AG, Ortblad KF, et al. Barriers and facilitators to HIV testing among Zambian female sex workers in threetransit hubs. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2017;31:290 –296. 28. Sherwood JA. Sexual violence against female sex workers in The Gambia: a cross-sectional examination of the associations between victimization and reproductive, sexual and mental health. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:270. 29. Beattie TS, Bhattacharjee P, Ramesh BM, et al. Violence against female sex workers in Karnataka state, south India: impact on health, andreductions in violence following an intervention program. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:476. 30. Logie CH, Lacombe-Duncan A, Wang Y, et al. Pathways from HIV- related stigma to antiretroviral therapy measures in the HIV care cascadefor women living with HIV in Canada. J Acquir Immune De fic Syndr. 2018;77:144 –153.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr /C15Volume 79, Number 4, December 1, 2018 IPV and ART Among Female Sex Workers Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. www.jaids.com |439" 984 W4387699146.pdf 15 Page 16/241 985 W3127615012.pdf 14 "Plants 2021 ,10, 261 15 of 15 63. Macho, A.P .; Zipfel, C. Targeting of plant pattern recognition receptor-triggered immunity by bacterial type-III secretion system effectors. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2015 ,23, 14–22. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 64. Dimkic, I.; Stankovic, S.; Nisavic, M.; Petkovic, M.; Ristivojevic, P .; Fira, D.; Beric, T. The profile and antimicrobial activity of Bacillus lipopeptide extracts of five potential biocontrol strains. Front. Microbiol. 2017 ,8, 925. [CrossRef] 65. Ongena, M.; Jacques, P . 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Human Ethics The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers): The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Cleveland State University (# 29904-V AN-HS) and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Data Deposition The following information was supplied regarding the deposition of related data: Zenodo: –http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13030 –http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13253 –http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13159 –http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16064 REFERENCES Chester VL, Tingley M, Biden EN. 2007. Comparison of two normative paediatric gait databases. Dynamic Medicine 6(8) DOI 10.1186/1476-5918-6-8. European Commission. 2012. Scientific data: Open access to research results will boost Europe’s innovation capacity. Press release. Available at http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release IP-12-790 en. htm?locale=en . Geyer H, Herr H. 2010. 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(2015), PeerJ , DOI 10.7717/peerj.918 20/21" 987 W2132255205.pdf 5 "Table 4 Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy in relation to childhood cancer risks Before adjustment After adjustmenta Diagnostic group Cases Controls OR 95% CI OR 95% CI All cancer Nonsmoker 2958 5743 1.00 1.001–19 cpd 648 1306 0.96 0.87 1.06 0.92 0.82 1.0320+ cpd 207 528 0.76 **0.64 0.90 0.71***0.59 0.85 Trend P [0.004] [ o0.001] LeukaemiaNonsmoker 1341 5743 1.00 1.001–19 cpd 286 1306 0.95 0.83 1.10 0.93 0.80 1.0820+ cpd 95 528 0.80 0.64 1.01 0.76 *0.60 0.98 Trend P [0.069] [0.029] Lymphoma Nonsmoker 269 5743 1.00 1.001–19 cpd 60 1306 0.99 0.74 1.32 0.92 0.67 1.2620+ cpd 22 528 0.82 0.52 1.29 0.72 0.44 1.20Trend P [0.481] [0.208] CNSNonsmoker 538 5743 1.00 1.00 1–19 cpd 111 1306 0.89 0.72 1.11 0.86 0.68 1.08 20+ cpd 35 528 0.69 *0.48 0.98 0.62*0.42 0.93 Trend P [0.029] [0.011] Other solid tumoursNonsmoker 810 5743 1.00 1.001–19 cpd 191 1306 1.02 0.86 1.21 0.94 0.78 1.13 20+ cpd 55 528 0.73 *0.55 0.97 0.68*0.49 0.93 Trend P [0.123] [0.030] aFor parental age and deprivation.*Po0.05;**Po0.01;***Po0.001. cpd=cigarettes per day. [ ] indicates negative trend. Table 5 Parental smoking in relation to childhood cancer risks by selected diagnostic subgroups Father preconception Mother preconception Mother pregnancy Diagnostic groupaCasesbORd95% Cl CasescORd95% Cl CasescORd95% Cl 110 Acute lymphocytic leukaemia 1375 1.04 0.91 1.18 1449 1.02 0.89 1.16 1449 0.89 0.77 1.03 120 Acute myeloid leukaemia 230 1.07 0.80 1.43 249 0.82 0.60 1.12 249 0.76 0.54 1.07 130 Chronic myeloid leukaemia 22 1.44 0.59 3.50 22 1.44 0.57 3.65 22 1.70 0.68 4.26210 Hodgkin’s disease 105 1.16 0.75 1.70 114 0.75 0.47 1.19 114 0.91 0.57 1.45220 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 218 1.03 0.76 1.40 229 0.90 0.65 1.23 229 0.86 0.61 1.22311 Pilocytic astrocytoma 158 1.08 0.76 1.52 169 0.89 0.62 1.28 169 0.92 0.62 1.37315 Other astrocytoma 119 0.92 0.61 1.39 132 0.94 0.62 1.43 132 0.84 0.53 1.33 320 Other glioma 66 1.09 0.64 1.84 67 0.97 0.55 1.71 67 1.12 0.63 1.99 330 Ependymoma 61 1.03 0.59 1.78 69 0.73 0.40 1.35 69 0.77 0.40 1.47340 Choroid plexus tumours 20 2.11 0.81 5.49 20 1.29 0.44 3.79 20 0.49 0.14 1.75350 Primitive neuroectodermal tumours 150 0.90 0.63 1.30 161 0.96 0.65 1.42 161 0.55 *0.34 0.88 360 Mis. brain and spinal neoplasms 61 1.33 0.77 2.28 66 0.82 0.46 1.45 66 0.74 0.39 1.40400 Retinoblastoma 86 0.66 0.40 1.09 87 0.60 0.40 1.10 87 0.60 0.30 1.10510 Neuroblastoma 180 1.35 0.97 1.88 188 1.04 0.73 1.49 188 0.91 0.62 1.34 520 Peripheral neuroectodermal tumours 74 1.12 0.68 1.80 78 1.52 0.93 2.48 78 1.48 0.88 2.47 610 Wilms’ tumour 170 1.01 0.73 1.42 182 0.82 0.57 1.17 182 0.82 0.55 1.22630 Other and unspecified renal tumours 10 1.76 0.37 8.31 12 0.98 0.26 3.71 12 0.98 0.24 3.99710 Hepatoblastoma 27 2.19 0.94 5.12 28 2.68 *1.16 6.21 28 1.10 0.44 2.72 810 Osteosarcoma 48 1.18 0.65 2.14 56 1.06 0.56 2.01 56 0.46 0.20 1.06830 Rhabdomyosarcoma 125 0.84 0.57 1.25 132 0.83 0.55 1.25 132 1.02 0.66 1.56 850 Other soft tissue sarcoma 62 0.81 0.46 1.43 69 1.02 0.57 1.80 69 0.98 0.53 1.83 910 Gonadal germ cell tumours 34 0.98 0.47 2.03 35 0.82 0.37 1.84 35 0.70 0.28 1.75920 Nongonadal germ cell tumours 57 0.81 0.46 1.46 61 0.74 0.41 1.37 61 0.53 0.25 1.10 1000 Rare miscellaneous tumours 51 1.14 0.62 2.08 57 1.21 0.66 2.22 57 1.16 0.62 2.181200 Langerhans cell histiocytosis 46 0.73 0.38 1.40 49 0.74 0.37 1.48 49 0.47 0.20 1.15 aBirch–Kelsey classification (UKCCS Investigators, 2000), excluding diagnostic subgroups with less than 10 cases.bCorresponding controls: 6987.cCorresponding controls: 7581. dAfter adjustment for parental age and deprivation.*Po0.05. Parental smoking and childhood cancer D Pang et al 378 British Journal of Cancer (2003) 88(3), 373 – 381 &2003 Cancer Research UK Epidemiology" 988 W2997583339.pdf 14 "97 Korzystanie ze środowiska… nie jest dostatecznie jasne, o jaką postać korzystania chodzi. W literaturze wprost stwierdzono, że z mocy prawa istnieje „powszechne prawo korzystania z lasu i jego zasobów” 34. Z poglądem tym, przynajmniej w odniesieniu do la - sów będących własnością Skarbu Państwa, trzeba się co do zasady zgodzić. To zaś zdaje się wskazywać, że w rozpatrywanym przypadku mamy do czynienia z rodzajem powszechnego korzystania ze środowiska 35, mimo że nie ogranicza się ono jedynie do emisji. Nie wydaje mi się bowiem możliwe przyjęcie tezy, że jest to korzystanie po części powszechne (w zakresie określonym w art. 4 ust. 1 pkt 1 pr.o.ś.), po części natomiast zwykłe (w pozostałym zakresie), gdyż ozna - czałoby, że w tym samym „zachowaniu” są elementy korzystania powszechnego i zwykłego, tymczasem zaś w świetle art. 4 pr.o.ś. korzystanie jest albo po - wszechne, albo zwykłe 36. Wątku tego, wymagającego odrębnego opracowania, nie sposób jednak rozwinąć w tym miejscu. państwowych i dostęp do cieków i zbiorników wodnych stanowiących własność Skarbu Państwa jest wolny (tak A. Haładyj, J. Trzewik : Powszechne korzystanie ze środowiska na przykładzie korzystania z lasów . W: Ochrona i użytkowanie zasobów leśnych . Red. M . Woźniak, M. Koś- cielniak-Marszał . Wrocław 2015, s. 44—45). Pogląd ten budzi wątpliwości, już chociażby w świetle faktu, że zgodnie z art. 6 ust. 2 tej ustawy, szczegółowe zasady korzystania ludności z zasobów naturalnych określają odrębne przepisy, z których wynika, że ta „wolność dostępu” jest w znacznym zakresie ograniczona, a często wyłączona. Nie to jednak wydaje się najistotniej - sze. Zgodzić trzeba się bowiem z oceną A. Lipińskiego , że ustawa ta powinna być traktowana jako „swego rodzaju deklaracja polityczna”, natomiast „o tym, które elementy środowiska i do kogo należą przesądza ustawodawstwo zwykłe” ( Idem: Prawne podstawy ochrony środowiska. Warszawa 2010, s. 35). Ustawodawstwo to określa też szczegółowe zasady korzystania z po - szczególnych elementów środowiska, czego przykładem może być m.in. ustawa o lasach. 34 Tak M. Walas (Korzystanie ze środowiska …, s. 110). Pogląd ten uznał za trafny W . Ra- decki (Komentarz do art. 26 ustawy o lasach . System Informacji Prawnej LEX, 2017 (wersja elektroniczna), uwaga 1). 35 Tak też A. Lipiński , który zauważył, że „niekiedy również przepisy szczególne zawierają rozwiązania dające się odczytać jako wyraz powszechnego prawa do korzystania ze środowi-ska, czego przykładem może być wstęp do niektórych lasów i zbiór znajdującego się tam runa leśnego” ( Prawne podstawy …, s. 34). Poglądy w tym zakresie są jednak zróżnicowane i często wyrażane w sposób dość niejasny. I tak np. w A. Haładyj i J. Trzewik w jednym miejscu swojej wypowiedzi formułują pogląd, że mając na względzie „ogólnikowość postanowień doty - czących udostępniania ludności lasów stanowiących własność Skarbu Państwa”, można „dojść do wniosku, że w gruncie rzeczy regulują one jedynie zasady korzystania z lasów w sposób wykraczający poza korzystanie powszechne” ( Iidem : Powszechne korzystanie … s. 44), z dru - giej natomiast po wielokroć wspominają o prawie do „powszechnego korzystania z lasów (por. zwłaszcza s. 51 i nast.). Jeśli zatem będące konsekwencją udostępnienia lasów wstęp do nich oraz pobieranie niektórych pożytków (np. runa leśnego) nie mieści się w zakresie powszechnego z nich korzystania, to powstaje pytanie, jakie zachowania wypełniają treść tego korzystania. 36 Mało przekonujące w tym kontekście, a także niezbyt klarowne, jest spostrzeżenie, zgod - nie z którym „można byłoby przypuszczać”, że przepisy ustawy o lasach, „określając zasady ich udostępniania, wypełniają treść zasady powszechnego korzystania ze środowiska”, ale zasada ta „ma właściwy kontekst w odniesieniu do tzw. prawa emisyjnego i powszechnego korzystania z wód” (M. Woźniak : Lasy…, s. 87).Pobrano z https://opus.us.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of University of Silesia 2024-05-18" 989 W4389207561.pdf 9 " 35 ISSN : 2798 -026X (online ) DOI : 10.37905 /jirev. 3.2.26-35 Jambura Industrial Review Volume 3, No. 2, November 2023 mengalami kebocoran. Dari metode Fault tree analysis (FTA) yang digunakan, diperoleh faktor – faktor pen yebab trip pada unit Gas Turbin Generator sehingga dapat dilakukan perbaikan secara lebih terfokus pada hal yang menyebabkan kerusakan paling mendasar pada Gas Turbin. DAFTAR PUSTAKA E. Tanoga and P. A. Wicaksono, “Analisis Tingkat Kebisingan di Unit Utilities Pt Pertamina Ru Vi Balongan,” Ind. Eng., P. 2, 2019. A. Linda , Satriyo and D. Puspitasari, “Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas Dengan Menggunakan Metode Fault tree analysis Untuk Meminimumkan Cacat Pada Crank Bed di Lini Painting Pt Sarandi Karya Nugraha,” Ind. Eng. Online J., Vol. 6, No. 1, Pp. 4 –12, 2017. F. Situmorang, “Analisa Penerapan K3 Dengan Pendekatan Fault tree analysis Dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas Kerja di Pt. Xyz,” Vol. 1, Pp. 1 –79, 2019. H. Bakhtiar, A., Sembiring, J. I., & Suliantoro, “Analisis Penyebab Kecacatan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (Fmea) Dan Metode Fault tree analysis (Fta) Di Pt . Alam Daya Sakti Semarang,” J. Ilm. Tek. Ind., Vol. 6, No. 2, Pp. 95 –170, 2018. H. Muchtar and Z. Prasetyo, “Analisa Tr ip Gas Turbin Dari Proteksi Flame Off di Pltgu Muara Tawar,” Tek. Elektro, No. Mmi, Pp. 33 –37, 2017. H. Silaban and A. Ghofur, “Analısa Performa Turbın Gas Tıpe Cw251 B11 Pada System Pembangkıta n Lıstrık Tenaga Gas Sektor Pembangkıtan Balı,” Vol. 2, No. 2, Pp. 161 –170, 2020. N. Djamal and R. Azizi, “Identifikasi Dan Rencana Perbaikan Penyebab Delay Produksi Melting Proses Dengan Konsep Fault tree analysis (Fta) Di Pt. Xyz,” J. Intech Tek. Ind., Vol. 1, No. 1, Pp. 34 –45, 2015. R. Firmansyah, “Deskrıpsı Proses Cpp Matındok Dan Sıstem Kerja Hıgh Pressure Separator 320 -D-1001 Dı Pt.Pertamına Ep Asset 4 Donggı -Matındok Fıeld,” 2019. S. Dhea and R. Wulan, “Analisis Defect Produk Dengan Menggunakan Metode Fmea Dan Fta Untuk Mengurangi Defect Produk ( Studi Kasus : Garment 2 Dan Garment 3 Pt Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk ),” Pp. 1 –10, 2022. T. Ferdiana and I. Priadythama, “Analisis De fect Menggunakan Metode Fault tree analysis (Fta) Berdasarkan Data Ground Finding Sheet (Gfs) Pt. Gmf Aeroasıa,” Pros. Semin. Nas. Ind. Eng. Conf. 2016, 2016. W. Y. Kartika, A. Harsono, And G. Permata, “Usulan Perbaikan Produk Cacat Menggunakan Metode Fau lt Mode and Effect Analysis Dan Fault tree analysis Pada Pt. Sygma Examedia Arkanleema,” J. Online Inst. Teknol. Nas., Vol. 4, No. 1, Pp. 345 –356, 2017. " 990 W4386404349.pdf 8 "276 KAROLINA STOJEK-SAWICKA ,jaki kącik w oficynach przy pałacu”6 2 , w którym mogliby w wygo­ dzie i bezpieczeństwie spędzić ostatnie lata swojego życia, a po ich śmierci zaś patron organizował im pogrzeb i pokrywał wszelkie zwią­ zane z nim wydatki6 3 . W nagrodę za pełnione usługi mianowano odda­ nych księży na dochodowe beneficja6 4 , wstawiano się za nimi u wyż­ szych władz zakonnych6 5 6 6 lub protegowano na wyższe i bardziej pre­ stiżowe godności w strukturach zakonnych bądź diecezjalnych, czę­ sto też dodatkowo ich uposażano na kolejne lata, by mogli wieść do­ statnie życie, na odpowiednim poziomie i wolne od niebezpieczeństw zewnętrznych. W każdej sytuacji mogli oni poza tym liczyć na pomoc i wsparcie patrona, który nawet po opuszczeniu przez nich jego dworu nie przestawał się dowiadywać o to, jak sobie radzili w nowym miej­ scu, wykazując żywe zainteresowanie ich losami. W przypływie szcze­ gólnej łaski nieraz też ich odwiedzał w klasztorze lub na parafii, za­ jeżdżał do nich w gościnę i wspólnie z nimi ucztował, co stanowiło w mniemaniu księży formę najwyższego uznania ze strony danego chlebodawcy i jego żywej sympatii ku gospodarzowi6 7 . Nie wszyscy jednak mogli liczyć na większe zainteresowanie patrona swoim losem w okresie choroby i starości, zależało ono bowiem w większej mierze od kryteriów emocjonalnych niż racjonalnych i od jego “afektu” względem swojego sługi. Wielu duchownych po opuszczeniu dworu Radziwiłłowskiego bez wieści przepadało w mrokach dziejów, cza­ sami tylko już po wielu latach odnajduje się jakiś adresowanych przez nich list z prośbą o prezentę na wakujące beneficjum lub protekcję w osiągnięciu wyższej godności w klasztorze, pomoc w polubownym 6 2 A. Wołłowicz do M. K. Radziwiłła, 12 VIII 1752 z Piotrkowa, AGAD AR V 17950. 6 3 Expensa na wyprowadzenie ciała i na pogrzeb śp. Jmci Xiędza Dominika Antoniego de Rouchenberg guwernera Jmci Xiążąt Ichmciów ordynatów wojewodziców wileń­ skich fundatorów dnia 8 Aprila 1749 roku uczyniona , AGAD AR XXI R 70. 6 4 Józef Katenbring został plebanem nieświeskim (list do Karola Stanisława, 6 VI 1790 z Nieświeża, AGAD AR V nr 6535), Michał Woronicz prosił zaś o nominacje na kustosza (list do Michała Kazimierza, b. d. i m., AGAD AR V nr 18027); Jan Zda­ nowski został plebanem siebieskim, a Felicjan Zabielski plebanem mirskim. 6 5 Jan Poszakowski do Anny z Sanguszków, 4 V 1735 ze Słucka, AGAD AR V nr 12212 dziękuje za wstawiennictwo w wyborze na rektora kolegium słuckiego. 6 6 Mikołaj Bykowski do Karola Stanisława, 17 VI 1785 z Nieświeża, AGAD AR V nr 1793 dziękuje za wstawienncitwo w nadaniu mu sakry biskupiej. 6 7 M. K. Radziwiłł, Diariusz, AGAD AR VI nr II 80-a, s. 40 (wspomina o odwiedzi­ nach u byłego guwernera, obecnego scholastyka katedralnego i audytora łuckiego, Wincentego Suchockiego), s. 1370 (pisze o pobycie na parafii u Kazimierz de La Tour, „młodości mentora”).TROSKI I RADOŚCI W ŻYCIU DUCHOWNYCH 277 rozwiązaniu konfliktów czy wsparcie finansowe w trudnej sytuacji. Opieka Radziwiłła napełniała duchownych przebywających na dworze Radziwiłłów niekłamaną radością, dawała uczucie zadowolenia i sa­ tysfakcji, przejawiające się w bardziej optymistycznym spojrzeniem na życie i często również poczuciem beztroski i spokoju, co znajdo­ wało swój wyraz w przesyłanej na ręce patrona korespondencji6 8 . Ko­ respondencja ta pełna była jednak również uczuć negatywnych, uczuć zrezygnowania i nieraz bezsilności wobec trudności i problemów ota­ czającego świata. Troski i radości stanowiły bowiem dwa przeciwległe bieguny życia duchownych na dworze Radziwiłłowskim, wyznaczające rytm ich codziennej egzystencji. W niewielu miejscach różniły się one od tych doświadczanych i przeżywanych przez świeckich członków dworu nieświeskiego i były z nimi zasadniczo zbieżne w wielu aspektach dotyczących życia codziennego w ramach dworu magnackiego w wieku XVIII. Pozycja duchownych w otoczeniu Radziwiłłów była w gruncie rzeczy podobna do tej, jaką posiadały osoby świeckie; sta­ wiano przed nimi takie same wymagania, jak przed innymi członkami dworu nieświeskiego, oczekując od nich lojalności i kompetentnego wywiązywania się z podjętych zobowiązań. Z powodów religijnych nie przysługiwały duchownym żadne przywileje czy względy ze stro­ ny patrona. Podobnie jak świeccy działacze i klienci Radziwiłłowscy, również duchowni byli wystawiani na różnego rodzaju niebezpieczeń­ stwa i przykrości, będące powodem ich zmartwień i trosk, z drugiej strony doświadczali oni także wielu przyjemności, które współtworzy­ ły bieg ich życia i nieraz otrzymywali ze strony patrona dowody uznania i sympatii, dodające radosnego zabarwienia ich codziennej egzystencji. 6 8 Np.: Mikołaj Bykowski do Karola Stanisława, 17 VI 1785 z Białej, AGAD AR V nr 1793. " 991 W2771787626.pdf 2 "www.nature.com/scientificreports/3 SCientifiC REPORTS | 7: 17684 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-17716-0particular, we found low HDL-cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein – cholesterol) in 23.1% of patients, high LDL-cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein – cholesterol) in 17.4% and high triglycerides in 12.2%. When combin-ing all four cardiometabolic risk factors, only 35.2% of adults and 48.2% of children did not have any risk factor. A total of 61 patients (24.7%) cumulated two or more risk factors. Additionally, metabolic syndrome afflicted 22 participants (8.9%) as per the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition and 14 adults (8.6%) using the National Cholesterol Education Program- Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP) III definition. Predictors of cardiometabolic complications among cALL survivors. Univariate analyses indicated that age at interview (per unit of year) was significantly associated with obesity (Relative risk, RR: 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.06), dyslipidemia (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.06), prediabetes (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.22), metabolic syndrome as per the IDF definition (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03–1.15) and accumulating 2 or more risk factors (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02–1.09) (Table  3). Male gender was associated with pre-hypertension/ hypertension (RR: 4.10, 95% CI: 1.74–9.68) but was protective for obesity (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41–0.88). Exposure to CRT was only significantly predictive of dyslipidemia (RR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.11–2.18) (Table  3) and particularly of high LDL-cholesterol (RR: 5.17, 95% CI: 2.11–12.68) (Supplementary Table 3). Being obese at the end of cALL treatment was significantly associated with the presence of obesity at interview (RR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.47–3.21) and metabolic syndrome – IDF definition (RR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.28–8.14) (Table  3). However, delta BMI percentile was not a predictor of long-term cardiometabolic complications in our cohort. As outlined in Table  4 and Supplementary Table 4, multiple log-binomial regression analyses revealed that CRT exposure remained a predictor of dyslipidemia (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.07–2.41) and high LDL-cholesterol (RR: 4.78, 95% CI: 1.72–13.28) along with age at interview (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.08 and RR: 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.19 respectively). Male gender stayed a predictor for pre- and hypertension (RR: 5.12, 95% CI: 1.81–14.46) in the corresponding adjusted model, but did not remain significant for obesity. Moreover, obesity at the end of treatment was predictor of obesity at interview (RR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.37–3.14) and metabolic syndrome (IDF defi - nition, RR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.14–8.09). No associations were found with the variation in BMI percentile between diagnosis and the end of treatment. Of note, metabolic syndrome as defined by the NCEP-ATP III and predia-betes could not be analyzed with multiple log-binomial or Poisson regressions because of convergence problems identified by the SAS procedure PROC GENMOD. Comparison to control cohort. Compared to CHMS controls and after adjusting for age and gender, cALL survivors were significantly at higher risk of having the metabolic syndrome (IDF definition), dyslipidemia, Total Adults Men Women Children Boys Girls (N = 247) (N = 162) (N = 80) (N = 82) (N = 85) (N = 42) (N = 43) N (%) Obesity Normal 119 (48.2) 71 (43.8) 47 (58.7) 24 (29.3) 48 (56.5) 22 (52.4) 26 (60.5) Overweight 47 (19.0) 39 (24.1) 19 (23.8) 20 (24.4) 8 (9.4) 4 (9.5) 4 (9.3) Obesity 81 (32.8) 52 (32.1) 14 (17.50) 38 (46.3) 29 (34.1) 16 (38.1) 13 (30.2) Hypertension Normal 217 (87.9) 141 (87.0) 64 (80.0) 77 (93.9) 76 (89.4) 34 (81.0) 42 (97.7) Pre-/hypertension 30 (12.2) 21 (13.0) 16 (20.0) 5 (6.1) 9 (10.6) 8 (19.0) 1 (2.3) Prediabetes Normal 239 (96.8) 155 (95.7) 78 (97.5) 77 (93.9) 84 (98.8) 42 (100.0) 42 (97.7) Prediabetes 8 (3.2) 7 (4.3) 2 (2.5) 5 (6.1) 1 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 1 (2.3) Dyslipidemia Normal 145 (58.7) 84 (51.9) 45 (56.2) 39 (47.6) 61 (71.8) 26 (61.9) 35 (81.4) Dyslipidemia 102 (41.3) 78 (48.1) 35 (43.8) 43 (52.4) 24 (28.2) 16 (38.1) 8 (18.6) Cardiometabolic risk factors0 risk factor 98 (39.7) 57 (35.2) 35 (43.8) 22 (26.8) 41 (48.2) 15 (35.7) 26 (60.5) 1 risk factor 88 (35.6) 61 (37.7) 28 (35.0) 33 (40.2) 27 (31.8) 16 (38.1) 11 (25.6) 2 risk factors 51 (20.7) 36 (22.2) 13 (16.3) 23 (28.1) 15 (17.7) 9 (21.4) 6 (14.0) 3 risk factors 9 (3.6) 7 (4.3) 3 (3.8) 4 (4.9) 2 (2.3) 2 (4.8) 0 (0.0) 4 risk factors 1 (0.4) 1 (0.6) 1 (1.25) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Metabolic syndrome NCEP-ATP III (N = 162) 14 (8.6) 14 (8.6) 5 (6.3) 9 (11.0) — — — IDF 22 (8.9) 19 (11.7) 9 (11.3) 10 (12.2) 3 (3.6) 3 (7.3) 0 (0.0) Table 2. Distribution of cardiometabolic outcomes in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia from the PETALE cohort. The number of cardiometabolic risk factors was determined by adding the presence of these four factors: obesity/overweight, pre-hypertension/hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. NCEP-ATP III: National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III; IDF: International Diabetes Federation." 992 W3015668812.pdf 13 "Theranostics 2020, Vol. 10, Issue 11 http://www. thno.org 4808 Zhang K, Meng XD, Cao Y, Yang Z, Dong HF, Zhang YD, et al. Metal -Organic 47. Framework Nanoshuttle for Synergistic Photodynamic and Low -Temperature Photothermal Therapy. Adv Funct Mater. 2018; 28: 1804634. Anderson MJ, Schaaf E, Breshears LM, Wallis HW, Johnson JR, Tkaczyk C, et 48. al. Alpha -Toxin Contributes to Biofilm Formation among Staphylococcus aureus Wound Isolates. Toxins. 2018; 10: 157. Yang Y, Mao M, Lei L, Li M, Yin JX, Ma XX, et al. Regulation of Water -Soluble 49. Glucan Synthesis by the Streptococcus mutans DexA Gene Effects Biofilm Aggregation and Cariogenic Pathogenicity. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2019; 34: 51-63. Zhu YN, Zhang JM, Song JY, Yang J, Du Z. Zhao WQ, et al. A Multifunctional 50. Pro‐Healing Zwitterionic Hydrogel for Simultaneous Optical Monitoring of pH and Glucose in Diabetic Wound Treatment. Adv Funct Mater. 2019; 1905493. Zhang XY, Zhao YQ, Zhang YD, Wang AZ, Ding XK, Li Y, et al. Antimicrobial 51. Peptide -Conjugated Hierarchical Antifouling Polymer Brushes for Functionalized Catheter Surfaces. Biomacromolecules. 2019; 20: 4171−4179. Yang X, Liu W, Xi GH, Wang MS, Liang B, Shi YF, et al. Fabricating 52. Antimicrobial Peptide -Immobilized St arch Sponges for Hemorrhage Control and Antibacterial Treatment. Carbohydr Polym. 2019; 222: 115012." 993 W2886845559.pdf 6 "Influence of Soil Deformation Caused by Mining on Sewage Pipelines Built Using The Pipe Jacking Method  153 References [1] Batkiewicz, W. 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(2001). Wpływ eksploatacji górniczej na obciążenia poprzeczne rurociągów podziemnych z tworzyw sztucznych (Influence of mining operations on traverse load of underground pipelines made of plastic) . Rozprawa doktorska (Doctoral dissertation). Główny Instytut Górnictwa, Katowice. [6] Kalisz, P . (2005). Probabilistyczna analiza oddziaływania eksploatacji górniczej na rurociągi wykonane metodą przeciskową (Probabilistic analysis of the influence of mining operations on pipelines built with jacking technique) . W Praca zbiorowa pod red. prof. J. Kwiatka pt. Problemy eksploatacji górniczej pod terenami zagospodarowanymi, p. 230–241. Katowice: Główny Instytut Górnictwa. [7] Kędracki, M. (2008). Geotechnika metod bezwykopowych (Geotechnics of trenchless methods) . Łódź: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej. [8] Kuliczkowski, A. (2003). Projektowanie konstrukcji przewodów kanalizacyjnych (Designing sewage pipelines) . Kielce: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. [9] Kuliczkowski, A. 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(2007). Obiekty budowlane na terenach górniczych (Construction works in mining areas) . Katowice: Główny Instytut Górnictwa. [14] Madryas, C., Kolonko, A., & Wysocki, L. (2002). Konstrukcje przewodów kanalizacyjnych (Construction of sewage pipelines) . Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej. [15] Microtunneling Process . (2017). Pobrano 10 październik 2017, z https:/ /www.alnubla.net/microtunneling-process (10 October 2017, retrieved from https:/ /www.alnubla.net/microtunneling- process). [16] Mokrosz, R. (1985). Wprowadzenie do mechaniki budowli liniowych zagłębionych w gruncie na terenach górniczych (Introduction to mechanics of linear buildings embedded into the soil in mining areas) . Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Ossolineum. [17] Najafi, M. (2010). Trenchless Technology Piping . New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. [18] Pellet-Beaucour A.-L., Kastner R. (2002): Experimental and analytical study of friction forces during microtunneling operations . 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When completed, the results of these studies may provide greater insight into the benefits of targeting MEK1/2 in hematologic malignancies. Conclusions This case highlights the potential clinical utility of MEK1/2 inhibition in the treatment of aCML cases harboring NRAS mutations. Given the absence of an established standard of care for aCML, this report calls attention to the need for a clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of trametinib in patients with NRAS -mutated aCML. Additional Information Disclosures Human subjects: Oregon Health and Science University IRB issued approval. Conflicts of interest: The authors have declared that no conflicts of interest exist except for the following: Payment/services info: VK is supported by a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Year- Long Medical Student Fellowship. While this fellowship was not directly for the purposes of the manuscript submitted here, it is a source of funding for the author. Financial relationships: Jeffrey W. Tyner declare(s) Sponsored Research Agreement from Aptose Biosciences. Jeffrey W. Tyner declare(s) Sponsored Research Agreement from Incyte Corporation. Jeffrey W. Tyner declare(s) Sponsored Research Agreement from Array Biopharma. Jeffrey W. Tyner declare(s) Sponsored Research Agreement from AstraZeneca. Jeffrey W. Tyner declare(s) Sponsored Research Agreement from Constellation Pharmaceuticals. Jeffrey W. Tyner declare(s) Sponsored Research Agreement from Genentech/Roche. Jeffrey W. Tyner declare(s) Sponsored Research Agreement from Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Jeffrey W. Tyner declare(s) Sponsored Research Agreement from Seattle Genetics. Jeffrey W. Tyner declare(s) Sponsored Research Agreement from Takeda Pharmaceutical Company. Jeffrey W. Tyner declare(s) Scientific Advisory Board Member from Leap Oncology. Brian J. Druker declare(s) Clinical Trial Support from Novartis. Dr. Druker is currently principal investigator or co-investigator on Novartis clinical trials. His institution, OHSU, has contracts with this company to pay for patient costs, nurse and data manager salaries, and institutional overhead. He does not derive salary, nor does his lab receive funds from these contracts. . Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the patient himself for allowing us to share his clinical response with the scientific community. This work was supported by funds from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (VK and BJD). References 1 . Gotlib J, Maxson JE, George TI, Tyner JW: The new genetics of chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical CML: implications for diagnosis and treatment . Blood. 2013, 122:1707–11. 10.1182/blood-2013-05-500959 2 . Maxson JE, Gotlib J, Pollyea DA, Fleischman AG, Agarwal A, Eide CA, Bottomly D, Wilmot B, McWeeney SK, Tognon CE, Pond JB, Collins RH, Goueli B, Oh ST, Deininger MW, Chang BH, Loriaux MM, Druker BJ, Tyner JW: Oncogenic CSF3R mutations in chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical CML . N Engl J Med. 2013, 368:1781–90. 10.1056/NEJMoa1214514 3 . Zoi K, Cross NC: Molecular pathogenesis of atypical CML, CMML, and MDS/MPN unclassifiable . Int J Hematol. 2015, 101:229–42. 10.1007/s12185-014-1670-3 2015 Khanna et al. Cureus 7(12): e414. DOI 10.7759/cureus.414 4 of 5" 995 W2296456805.pdf 3 "35que diz respeito às doenças que acometem os enfermeiros e as suas condições de trabalho co - mo “provável” responsável por este adoecimen-to, cujos resultados nos proporcionará não só aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre esta temá- tica, como também propor medidas de promo - ção à saúde do trabalhador no ambiente hospi-talar, onde para sua realização estabeleceu co - mo objetivo - Identificar os problemas de saúde apresentados pelos enfermeiros no seu ambien- te de trabalho, na Rede Hospitalar Pública, Pri- vada e Filantrópica de Rio Branco – Acre - Brasil. MÉTODO A pesquisa foi realizada junto a 82 (51,2%), dos 160 enfermeiros da Rede Hospitalar do mu-nicípio de Rio Branco – Acre, onde abrangeu as seguintes instituições: Hospital Geral de Clíni- cas de Rio Branco (HGCRB), Fundação Hospital Estadual do Acre (FUNDHACRE), Pronto Clínica, Hospital Santa Juliana, Urgil, Santa Casa da Mi- sericórdia do Acre, Hospital de Saúde Mental do Acre (HOSMAC) e Maternidade Bárbara Heliodo - ra (MBH), bem como junto a oito Chefes dos Ser - viços de Enfermagem. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados dois instrumentos: um formulário contendo per - guntas abertas e fechadas, destinados aos en- fermeiros assistenciais, os quais foram sortea- dos aleatoriamente, e um roteiro de perguntas aplicado às Chefias de Enfermagem, os quais fo - ram preenchidos pelas próprias pesquisadoras. Uma vez coletado os dados, estes foram agrupados de acordo com o CID – 10, OMS (1997), bem como foi utilizado o Programa EPIIN- FO 6.0, para facilitar o processamento e análise dos dados. Por sua vez, os dados qualitativos fo - ram categorizados e agrupados por semelhança de conteúdo, segundo Bardin (1995), visando a análise e interpretação dos dados. Convém esclarecer também que esta pes- quisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pes- quisa, atendendo a Resolução 196/96. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO De acordo com a pesquisa realizada, cons- tatou-se que a maioria dos enfermeiros entre - vistados, pertencem ao gênero feminino com 76,8%, contra 23,2% do masculino, comprovan- do que a prevalência do gênero feminino na pro - fissão de enfermagem é superior ao masculino. A predominância da faixa etária dos pes- quisados foi de 30-39 anos com (35,4%), segui-do daqueles com idade menor que 30 anos e na de 40-49 anos os quais obtiveram o mesmo per - centual (26,8%). Os profissionais com idade de 50 anos e mais representaram 11,0%. Com relação a condição marital 53,7% dos entrevistados eram casados e 34,1% solteiros. Da amostra pesquisada, 47,6% possuem filhos, ainda dependentes financeiramente estando es- tes com a faixa etária compreendida entre 5-12 anos, representando 27,4%. Quando questionado sobre o relaciona- mento com cônjuge e filhos, 48,7% classifica- ram como ótimo, ou seja, possui fácil diálogo e introsamento não apresentando problemas in- terpessoais e apenas 5,3% consideraram regu-lar (pouco diálogo e introsamento e eventuais problemas interpessoais). Observou-se que 54,9% possuem algum título de especialização mas, atualmente 43,9% estavam cursando alguma pós-graduação. Ao discorrer sobre o estado físico e emo - cional dos entrevistados, 69,1% consideram óti- mo e bom ao chegar em casa após sua jornada de trabalho, contra 30,9% que classificaram co - mo regular e ruim. Ao questionar sobre o número de locais que os enfermeiros trabalham, 42,7% respon- Muniz PT , Lopes CM, Lima MP , Maia LMA, Miranda G. Nurses´Sickness at Hospital Network at Rio Branco - Acre - Brazil. On- line braz j nurs [internet]. 2005 Jan [cited month day year]; 4 (1):32-41. Available from: http://www.objnursing.uff.br/index. php/nursing/article/view/5202" 996 W4287998741.pdf 0 "IAJPS 2019, 06 (12), 1 5383 -15386 Hafiz Khalil Bilal et al ISSN 2349 -7750 w w w . i a j p s . c o m Page 15383 CODEN [USA]: IAJPBB ISSN: 2349 -7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Research Article FREQUENCY OF DEPRESSION AMONG STUDENTS AT ALLAMA IQBAL MEDICAL COLLEGE LAHORE 1Dr Hafiz Khalil Bilal, 2Dr Muhammad Usman Javed, 3Dr Ayesha Sadiqa 1Bhatti International Teaching Hospital Kasur , 2Sharif Medical City Hospital Lahore , 3Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur . Article Received: October 2019 Accepted: November 2019 Published: December 2019 Abstract : Background : Performance of individual is badly effected by Depression and anxiety especially those students who's are studying medical subjects. Objective: The concept of this study was to check the depression in medical students while studying MBB S at different leve ls. Subjects & Methods: The pattern of this study was random and was arranged at Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore . By using stratified systematic random sampling technique two hundred students (hundred male and hundred female) were picked out. The age of subjects was between 18 to 24 years. In Agha Khan University , depression in students was checked by using Anxiety and Depression scale and those students whose cross the score of 20 was considered as having depression. Pattren of questions was use to collect the data and this data was entered into SPSS and same software was use d to analyze the data. Results: 53 (26.50 %) out of 200 students cross the score of 20 considered as having depression while 147 (73.50%) score less than 20. In the class of 1st year of MBBS to 2nd and 3rd year frequency of depression decreases 29.27%, 25.64% and 15.15% respectively. After 3rd yea r frequency of depression increases through 4th year to final year of MBBS 25.53% and 35% respectively. Conclusion: Depression is spreading woth high rate in medical students. Emotional distress causes increase in depression when students enter into course which decreases upto third year. After third year it rised due to hard work in clinics and duties in wards. Academic burden in final year, to feel that their goal is on few step and thinking about future responsibilities makes more stress in MBBS course. Corresponding author: Dr. Hafiz Khalil Bilal , Bhatti International Teaching Hospital Kasur. Please cite this article in press Hafiz Khalil Bilal et al., Frequency Of Depression Among Students At Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore ., Indo Am. J. P. Sci , 2019; 06(12). QR code " 997 W4323315993.pdf 5 "Zhang et al. /one.tnum/zero.tnum./three.tnum/three.tnum/eight.tnum/nine.tnum/fneur./two.tnum/zero.tnum/two.tnum/three.tnum./one.tnum/one.tnum/two.tnum/zero.tnum/four.tnum/four.tnum/six.tnum 6. Liu FJ, Xu HH, Yin Y, Chen YZ, Xie LY, Li HZ. Decreased adipone ctin levels are a risk factor for cognitive decline in spinal cord inju ry.Disease Markers. (2022).doi:10.1155/2022/5389162 7. Castro-Marin F, Gaither JB, Rice AD, Blust R, Chikani V, Vos sbrink A, et al. Prehospital protocols reducing long spinal board use are not asso ciated with a change in incidence of spinal cord injury. Prehospital Emerg Care. (2020) 24:401– 10.doi:10.1080/10903127.2019.1645923 8. Cao Y, Krause JS. The association between secondary health conditions and indirect costs after spinal cord injury. 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(2011) 31:13412–9. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI. 0116-11.2011 Frontiersin Neurology /zero.tnum/six.tnum frontiersin.org" 998 W3016712102.pdf 0 "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Comorbidities and Outcome of Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis in Taiwan: A Population-Based Study Tzu-Wei Yang1,2,3, Chi-Chih Wang1,2,3 , Ming-Chang Tsai1,2,3, Yao-T ung Wang1,2,4, Ming-Hseng Tseng5,6,*,y and Chun-Che Lin7,8,*,y 1School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; joviyoung@gmail.com (T.-W.Y.); bananaudwang@gmail.com (C.-C.W.); tmc1110@yahoo.com.tw (M.-C.T.); wangyt@ms9.hinet.net (Y.-T.W.) 2Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan 3Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan 4Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan 5Department of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan 6Information Technology O ce, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan 7Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan 8School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan *Correspondence: mht@csmu.edu.tw du.tw (M.-H.T.); D83949@mail.cmuh.org.tw (C.-C.L.) yThese authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 14 March 2020; Accepted: 14 April 2020; Published: 20 April 2020 /gid00030/gid00035/gid00032/gid00030/gid00038/gid00001/gid00033/gid00042/gid00045 /gid00001 /gid00048/gid00043/gid00031/gid00028/gid00047/gid00032/gid00046 Abstract: The prognosis of di erent etiologies of liver cirrhosis (LC) is not well understood. Previous studies performed on alcoholic LC-dominated cohorts have demonstrated a few conflicting results. We aimed to compare the outcome and the e ect of comorbidities on survival between alcoholic and non-alcoholic LC in a viral hepatitis-dominated LC cohort. We identified newly diagnosed alcoholic and non-alcoholic LC patients, aged 40 years old, between 2006 and 2011, by using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. The hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan–Meier method. A total of 472 alcoholic LC and 4313 non-alcoholic LC patients were identified in our study cohort. We found that alcoholic LC patients were predominantly male (94.7% of alcoholic LC and 62.6% of non-alcoholic LC patients were male) and younger (78.8% of alcoholic LC and 37.4% of non-alcoholic LC patients were less than 60 years old) compared with non-alcoholic LC patients. Non-alcoholic LC patients had a higher rate of concomitant comorbidities than alcoholic LC patients (79.6% vs. 68.6%, p<0.001). LC patients with chronic kidney disease demonstrated the highest adjusted HRs of 2.762 in alcoholic LC and 1.751 in non-alcoholic LC (all p<0.001). In contrast, LC patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia had a decreased risk of mortality. The six-year survival rates showed no di erence between both study groups ( p=0.312). In conclusion, alcoholic LC patients were younger and had lower rates of concomitant comorbidities compared with non-alcoholic LC patients. However, all-cause mortality was not di erent between alcoholic and non-alcoholic LC patients. Keywords: alcoholic liver cirrhosis; non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis; survival; comorbidity 1. Introduction Liver cirrhosis (LC) resulting from di erent etiologies is a leading cause of death, which accounts for 3.5% of all death worldwide [ 1,2]. The leading cause of LC is alcohol-related liver disease in Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020 ,17, 2825; doi:10.3390 /ijerph17082825 www.mdpi.com /journal /ijerph" 999 W3127347390.pdf 9 "hyperresponsiveness, airway in flammation, and mucus overproduction in OVA-challenged mice were suppressed byAH treatment. It has been demonstrated that herbal medicineswith anti-in flammatory effects markedly attenuate airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness via inhibition of Th2 cytokine production in the OVA-challenged asthma model(Asma et al., 2017 ;Sung et al., 2019 ). Therefore, these findings suggest that AH treatment effectively inhibited OVA-challengedallergic asthma via suppression of Th2 cytokines. The in flammatory response during allergic asthma is due to activation of the major transcription factor NF- κB(Wang et al., 2017 ). Upon activation, I κB kinase phosphorylates NF- κB. The p65-p50 dimer of NF- κB is then translocated into the nucleus where it binds to DNA to regulate the expression of Th2 cytokinesand MUC5AC in allergic asthma ( Xie et al., 2015 ). MUC5AC is a major component of airway mucus. In asthmatic patients, MUC5AC expression is elevated by goblet cells, leading toairway limitation ( Shin et al., 2019b ,Song et al., 2005 ). In addition, MAPKs also regulate the expression of Th2cytokines, and can affect the differentiation of in flammatory cells, such as Th2 cells and eosinophils. In a previous study,activation of MAPKs/NF- κB signaling was considered an important factor in the development of allergic asthma(Chauchan et al., 2018 ). In our study, AH-treated asthmaticmice exhibited a signi ficant decrease in the phosphorylation of MAPKs/p65NF- κB and MUC5AC expression. These results are consistent with the results of our in vitro experiments. Several studies reported that blocking of MAPKs/NF- κB signaling led to significant decreases in Th2 cytokines and a reduction in mucus overproduction, leading to reduction of airway in flammation in the OVA-challenged asthmatic mouse model ( Asma et al., 2017 ; Chauchan et al., 2018 ;Fengjuan et al., 2019 ). Thus, our results indicate that anti-asthmatic effects of AH treatment on OVA-challenged airway in flammation and mucus overproduction may be associated with inhibition of MAPKs/NF- κB, resulting in suppression of MUC5AC expression. AH is widespread in the Eastern Asia and is used in traditional medicine as a remedy for hemorrhage, fever, and diarrhea ( Lee, 1996). The AH branches were collected from Gangwon Province (Gangwon-do, South Korea) in April of 2016. The AH extracted with 99.9% methyl alcohol at room temperature and collected fromThe Korea Plant Extract Bank of KRIBB (PB2357.6). The AH isreported to contain rubranoside A, hirsutanonol 5-O- β-D- glucopyranoside, platyphyllenone and oregonin ( Park et al., 2010). According to previous studies in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, the antioxidant effect of AH may be due tothe suppression of ROS and NO production, while its anti-inflammatory properties of AH include inhibition of FIGURE 7 | AH inhibited phosphorylation of p65NF- κB and I κB-αin TNF- α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells. β-actin was used to con firm equal protein loading. The culture medium were changed RPMI1640 (0.1% FBS) and treated with AH (20, 40 and 80 μg/ml) for 1 h and incubated with TNF- α(30 ng/ml) for 30 min. The values are expressed as the means ±SD (n /equals3).##p<0.01, Signi ficantly different from control;††p<0.01, signi ficantly different from TNF- α-treated group. Frontiers in Pharmacology | www.frontiersin.org February 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 614442 10Lee et al. Antiasthmatic Effects of Alnus Hirsuta" 1000 W3202081438.pdf 0 " Eat Behavior Muara Goat ( Capra aegagrushircus ) in the village of Batubinumbun, Muara, North Tapanuli Regency H H Silitonga , Hamdan , I Sembiring , N Ginting, and Hasnudi Animal Production Program, Faculty of Agriculture , Universit y of Sumatera Utara , Meda n 20155, Indonesia E-mail : ipassimare@gmail.com Abstract . Goat eating behavior can support nutrition of goat feed. This information is important for farmers in an attempt for Muara condition the environment and design the appropriate management needs go ats. This research was conducted in July and August 2016. Livestock were used as many as 30 individuals. Eating behavioral observations performed on four groups, namely: group I (adult males and adult females with a ratio of 1: 9), Group II (adult males an d adult females with a ratio of 1: 4), Group III (young male 6 tails and females young or virgin 4 individuals) and group IV (tiller consists of 2 males and females tails 3 tails). Research method was One Zero with a 15 minute interval performed on at 08.0 0-12.00. The results showed higher feeding activity compared to activity of rumination, the group with the highest feeding activity in the goat group samplings, rumination activity while highest in the group of adult goat. Keywords : goat, behavior, eat 1. Introduction The need for animal protein for Indonesians increases every year, in line with population growth. One of the efforts to meet the protein needs is to improve the cultivation of livestock. Commodities that still have potential to be developed in Indonesia are goats. Various efforts have been made to increase goat production, among others by crossing between local species with superior species. Goats are the first animals to be domesticated by humans. It is estimated that at first the hunters brought back the goats from the prey. The goats are kept in the village as pets, then used for milk, meat and skin [1]. Goat population growth tends to increase every year. In 2012 the number is 17,433,000, while in 2013 the number has increased to 17,905,86 0. More than half of goats in Indonesia are spread over Java Island, while on the island of Sumatra, about half the goat population in Java. The population of goats on the island of Sumatra and Java is about 82.7% of the total population of goats. The rest , less than 20% spread over several islands, ranging from the most numerous, namely Sulawesi, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Kalimantan, and Papua. Central Java is the province with the largest livestock population, while Bangka Belitung is the province with the lowest population [2]. Goat estuaries are found in the district of Muara, North Tapanuli regency in North Sumatra province. Appearance of this goat looks dashing, her body is compact and the color distribution of fur varies between the color of reddis h brown fur, white and there is also colored black fur. The weight of goat estuary is bigger compared to goat bean and allegedly prolific goat. Needs of goat meat in North" 1001 W4396733729.pdf 7 "Tan et al. 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1301662 Frontiers in Psychology 08 frontiersin.orgTABLE 4 Regression analysis of maternal autonomy support and mindfulness, self-esteem and depression symptoms. Result variable Predictive variable R R2F β t Depressive symptomsAge 0.56 0.31 131.81 ***0.03 1.22 Gender −0.03 −1.28 SES 0.04 1.79 MAS −0.55 −22.72*** MindfulnessAge 0.57 0.33 144.18 ***0.02 0.88 Gender −0.03 −1.23 SES 0.03 1.18 MAS 0.58 23.93*** Self-esteemAge 0.79 0.61 377.02 ***0.01 0.59 Gender −0.001 −0.04 SES 0.27 1.50 MAS 0.44 19.85*** Mindfulness 0.45 20.18*** Depressive symptomsAge 0.74 0.55 239.57 ***0.04 2.26* Gender −0.05 −2.42* SES 0.07 3.43*** MAS −0.10 −3.68*** Mindfulness −0.42 −15.10*** Self-esteem −0.30 −9.61*** MAS, maternal autonomy support; SES, socioeconomic status; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001. excluding 0; indicating that the indirect path has a significant mediating effect. Therefore, H2 and H3 were supported. As the effects of paternal autonomy support and maternal autonomy support on depressive symptoms are considered separately, this study further conducted relative weights analysis to compare whether there are significant differences among different mediating effects (see Table 6 ). The comparison results of indirect effects show that there were no significant differences among the four indirect effects. Thus, the autonomy support of parents is equally important to individual’s development.Discussion Depressive symptoms are a frequently reported mood disorder among college students, which have many negative effects on their academics and future career development ( Bayram and Bilgel, 2008 ; Pittman and Richmond, 2008 ). It is critical to investigate depressive symptoms among college students to assist individuals to successfully transition through this time. Under the framework of self- determination theory, this study explores the relationship between FIGURE 4 Mediation effect model. MAS, maternal support. *** p <  0.001." 1002 W3199976308.pdf 2 "In this sense, we believe that those relating to electoral processes should be included as high -risk AI systems, nor does it apply to technologies in the field of advertising, nor that it would affect consumer privacy in general t erms. In this sense, a situation of urgency duly justified in the third paragraph of said article is also regulated, which in no way is defined, but to which, in addition, is added the counterproductive situation that after the AI system is used, the au thorization can be granted, when already at that time such a concession would not make any sense, so in our opinion, although it is not wrong for such a situation to occur, the truth is that for this to happen, in no way can the concession be established a fter its use. I also consider in this regard the inclusion of the prohibition of the use of AI systems that cause or are expected to cause damage to the environment in any of its forms. In the specific case of the requirements established in Chapter 2 for high -risk AI systems, it is proposed in relation to paragraph 8, that this be a prohibition and not a suggestion, if we take into account the repercussions that this may have on minors and always taking into account that this would guarantee compliance wi th the postulates of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Article 15 whose purpose is to make clear the conditions of precision, robustness , and cybersecurity that must meet high -risk AI systems, in its Section 4 must regulate other conditions that may arise in terms of vulnerability and what to do in these situations. The White Paper suggests that in the regulatory framework of intelligence s ystems as part of the Trust Ecosystem, within its requirements that of record and data conservation, this was established in the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence specifically for high -risk AI systems in Article 12 in relation to 20, which in our opini on should be expanded and deepened taking into account the complexity and opacity of many of these systems and the difficulties that may arise in this regard, which would allow effective verification of compliance with the applicable rules and execute them , because in said Article in the first order, as we had already mentioned, this requirement is established for high -risk AI systems, without mentioning the rest of the AI systems, such as those with low or minimum risk, which due to certain failures in the ir systems can suddenly become high risk, in a second order it is wise to regulate the period of time that these records will be kept, which must be limited and reasonable, but must be defined, all in order to facilitate the monitoring and verification of the actions and decisions of these systems. Moreover, the conservation of documentation on programming methodologies, process training , and techniques used to build, test , and validate AI systems should be regulated . Here we could also add the conserva tion and recording of the data set used to train and test AI systems. In the specific case of human surveillance established in Article 14 of the regulation, or what is the same human supervision, in addition to the objectives set out in its paragraph (2) it must be added at our discretion that this will also be in order to prevent or minimize risks to the environment, making this particular very clear because of the impact it has on the very life of the human being an individual entity and as a social enti ty. In addition, it would modify in paragraph (5) of that Article the number of natural persons established to confirm and verify an odd number and in the specific cases of paragraph (4) in subparagraphs (d) and (e) it should be made clear that the int ervention can occur in real time, effectively ensuring that the AI system does not undermine human autonomy or cause adverse effects. Article 20 specifies that providers of high -risk AI systems shall keep log files for an appropriate period of time, and th is lawyer's criterion must be clearly defined, what that period of time would be" 1003 W3215622922.pdf 1 "of these impurities before it is utilized by other plants within the steel works [ 6–8]. Throughout the steel production industry COG is uti- lized as an energy resource [ 3,5]. Due to the intricate operational nature of a steel works, COG production cannot always be matched to its utilization. As a result, COG pipelines comprise a bleeder to regulate pressure by flaringexcess supply. The downside of the bleeder is that con- tinuous flaring is required to prevent air from entering the pipeline and mix with the flammable gas [ 9]. This paper provides an industry case study of an in- depth data driven failure analysis regarding excessive gasbooster bearing failures at a COG pipeline station. Identi- fying the failure’s origin resulted in a structural mechanical design that prevents excessive future booster bearing fail-ures and station downtime. Furthermore, this allows the steel works to save on maintenance costs, and more importantly, yielding both improved energy utilizationthrough less COG wastages and overall safety. Problem Discussion For the steel works under consideration the discharge pressure at the COB is sufficient to reach all but two users. The one plant, which is near the COB, requires COG pressure above discharge. This plant comprises a gasbooster station to increase pressure and operates without bearing difficulties. The other user is the Hot Rolling Plant (HRP) that also makes use of a gas booster station; how-ever, a high frequency of bearing failures is observed. The HRP is connected to the COB by a two-kilometer pipeline, so that a halfway gas booster station is required toincrease the line pressure. This is to ensure that the COG line pressure at the HRP is above that of atmospheric conditions. At the HRP, thermal energy for production isacquired through combustion of COG with the addition of Natural Gas (NG) when required. Whereas COG is a by- product, NG is procured per volume. The halfway HRP gas booster station has two, 250 [kW], identical parallel rotating gas booster fans, from here on only referred to as boosters . Only one booster is oper- ated at a time, with the second serving as backup when failure occurs. The backup starts automatically upon fail- ure, or by manual switch-over during operations. Note,there is not a single booster dedicated as the primary or backup. The one in operation is by default the primary, and the other the backup. In theory the boosters should have noinfluence over the availability of COG at the HRP. This, however, is not the case. Excessive booster bearing failures have been experi- enced since commissioning more than two decades ago. Above average vibration levels are typically detectedduring normal plant operations, and it is not uncommon for the backup unit to fail with start-up, or within a few hours thereafter. As a result, there are times when both boosters simultaneously require bearing maintenance. During thesetimes the station’s main inlet valve closes, increasing both NG usage and COG flaring. It is important to note that the booster fan housings are sealed before both the drive and non-drive bearings. Therefore, neither of the bearings can be contaminated, or damaged, by the COG. Further note that all booster man- ufacturer and company protocols are followed during start- up, so that this event itself should not influence the integ-rity of the bearing. Throughout the previous two decades numerous root cause bearing failure analysis studies were undertaken.These studies followed scientifically based conventional failure analysis techniques; however, the root cause behind these frequent breakdowns could not be identified. Data Acquisition for Analysis Purposes Performing a successful failure analysis requires adequate and relevant data. Data are acquired that potentially com-prise information, either directly or indirectly regarding the booster station. The data, to be discussed within this paper pertain to bearing pre-instalment, installation, operationaland process conditions that relate to the bearings, boosters, and COG. Following acquisition, the technical interpreta- tion of data is required to analyze the bearing failures. Identifying the significance of bearing failures is com- parable to the financial implication that results. From maintenance data it follows that the annual bearing main-tenance costs amount to US Dollar ($) 23,000. However, this is not the only financial implication as it was men- tioned earlier that booster station shutdowns result in bothincreased NG usages and COG flaring. A data analysis model was formulated to solve for annual excess NG procurements. This thermodynamicmodel includes hourly energy usages, COG production and flaring rates, together with line pressures simulations. The details of this model, however, do not fall within the scopeof this paper. Modeling results indicate that excess annual NG procurements are in the proximity of $ 850,000. Booster bearing failures, therefore, yield additional annualexpenses in the order of $ 873,000. Note that 97.4% of the financial impact from booster bearing failures is typically due to NG expenses. If thebearing failures are not reduced but could at least be pre- dicted in advance, so that preventive maintenance can occur, significant cost savings will be achieved. On-linecondition monitoring is a well-known engineering practice312 J Fail. Anal. and Preven. (2022) 22:311–318 123" 1004 W2344864134.pdf 0 "REVIEWS AND ABSTRACTS 217 pain, dependent upon the acuteness or chronicity of the process. The more common condition with which twisted cysts of the ovary may be confused are : twisted pedunculated fibroids ; interstitial hemorrhages in fibroid tumors; torsion of a hydrosalpinx; ectopic gestation; and acute appendicitis. Aimes finds the mortality to be about 7.6 per cent attributable more often to peritonitis than to hemorrhage, these two conditions being the complications of greatest danger. Palliative treatment may be ap- plied but the only curative treatment is the removal of the cystic mass by .operation. THEODORE W. ADAMS. Dowxes: Tumors of the Ovary in Children. Journal American Medi- cal Association, 1921, lxxvi, 443. Eighty-six cases of ovarian tumors in girls 10 years and younger have been reported to date. A large number of these are malignant. Downes thinks they are frequently overlooked. He reports the success- ful removal of a simple cyst containing 2.5 liters of fluid from an infant 71,~ months of age in whom the condition had been mistaken for Hirschsprung’s disease. 12. E. WOBUS. Harley: A Gase of Ovarian Cyst of Unique Dimensions. Indian Med- ical Gazette, 1921, lvi, 18. Harley reports a case of ovarian cyst in a Hindu coolie, age 40, who gave a history of a small swelling in the lower abdomen gradually &creasing in size for fifteen years. Her menstruation was regular up to four months before seen. Slight dyspnea; heart displaced up- ward; slight edema of legs. Abdomen very large, skin stretched and thin, with veins in it very prominent. No distress on lying down. Circumference of abdomen 73’ inches. Urine normal and digestion good. Weight 246 lbs. She was operated on; an incision was made 30 inches long. The cyst was found adherent to the parietal peritoneum, bowels, diaphragm and liver. The round ligament was the size of a loop of small bowel. The sac was isolated after considerable difficulty with very little bleed- ing and the patient seemed to stand operation very well. Weight of patient after operation 82 lbs. She died next day of shock due, ap- parently, to too much handling of peri-toneum. F. J. SOUBA. J. Mason Hundley and Jack M. Hundley: A Report of Two Ovarian Cysts. Official Publication of the University of Maryland. Bulletin of the School of Medicine, 1921, v, 182. These cases are especially interesting because of the size of the cysts. In the first patient, a colored woman of 54 years, a cystadenoma of right ovary was found which weighed 102 pounds. During the removal of the cyst‘ one hundred pints of a greenish colored fluid were emptied. The patient (convalesced rapidly and left the hospital 14 days after the operation. The second case was a dermoid cyst weighing seventeen and one-half Ounces occurring in a colored child eighteen months of age. The child made an uneventful recovery following operation. NORMAN F. MILLER." 1005 W1965149071.pdf 5 "Predisposing factors The indigents who benefited the most from the exemption cards were those over 69 years of age (p = 0.0001), singlepersons, and widows/widowers (p = 0.0001). Women and men received cards in nearly equal proportions. Enabling factors There was an association between all the enabling factors and the allocation of exemption cards. The indigents who received exemption cards were, in the majority of cases, those in the most disadvantaged situations. They werethose with no income-generating activity (p = 0.007), those who turned to sources outside of their household for food (p = 0.0001), those with no financial supportfrom their household for obtaining healthcare services (p = 0.002), and those who needed instrumental assist- ance in their activities of daily living but received nonefrom their entourage (p = 0.0001). Most of the indigents who received an exemption card belonged to households whose incomes corresponded to the second and thirdquintiles (p = 0.048). However, some indigents living in less seriously disadvantaged conditions than others also received exemption cards. These were people living witha spouse (p = 0.006), whereas very few of those living without a spouse and with children received cards. Needs: health and functional disabilities The probability of receiving a card was higher among those presenting health needs. These were persons withchronic illnesses (p = 0.024), with visual impairments (p = 0.0001), and/or with physical disabilities in terms of mo- bility (p = 0.004) and muscle strength (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, card allocation was not associated with healthcare service use in the preceding six months. Needs: by sex The groups receiving exemption cards were the same among men and women, except in the case of fine finger move-ment limitations, where women received more. Multivariate analysis The adjusted odds ratios (OR) for the factors associated with the allocation of exemption cards to indigents are presented in Table 2. The allocation of exemption cards was significantly as- sociated with widowed marital status (OR = 1.40; CI 95% [1.10 –1.78]), with not receiving financial assistance from within the household to obtain healthcare services (OR = 1.58; CI 95% [1.26 –1.97]), and with living alone (OR = 1.28; CI 95% [1.01 –1.63]) or cohabiting with a spouse (with or without children) (OR = 2.00; CI 95% [1.35 –2.96]). The same was true for indigents with vision impairments (OR = 1.45 CI 95% [1.14 –1.84]) and thosewith good mobility and poor muscle strength (OR = 1.73; CI 95% [1.28 –2.33]). The allocation of cards was not associated with age, with needing instrumental assistance with activities of daily liv- ing, with self-reported chronic illnesses, or with prior use of healthcare services. Discussion This study showed that the indigents selected by COGESsto receive exemption cards were, for the most part, those living in the most disadvantaged conditions. They were widows/widowers, those without financial assistance fromtheir household to obtain care, those living alone, and those with vision impairments. The indigents selected by COGESs who lived in less seriously disadvantaged condi-tions than others and still received the card were mostly those living with their spouses and those with poor muscle strength and good mobility. That being said, the resultsoverall showed that it was the indigents selected by the COGESs who were living in the most extremely dis- advantaged conditions who benefited from the exemp-tion program. The most vulnerable indigents were selected by COGESs An indigent person ’s inability to receive financial assist- ance from his or her household to obtain care reflects the financial difficulties of that household. This meansthe indigents selected by COGESs to receive the cards were those living in households with the fewest financial resources. These results are consistent with a study doneon a smaller scale in the same region, in which the se- lected indigents were those whose households had the fewest financial and material resources [14]. A study con-ducted in Ghana in 2010, in which household well-being was considered in indigent selection, was not effective in identifying the most disadvantaged in regions where thepoverty rate is high [16]. On the other hand, an evaluation conducted in the Nouna region of Burkina Faso showed that a selection process similar to the one used in Ghanawas able to target the most vulnerable indigents [6]. The greatest beneficiaries of the exemption cards allo- cated by the COGESs were widows and widowers. Thisresult is also consistent with the smaller-scale study done in the same district [14]. This is an equitable aspect of this selection method. In fact, widowed persons are more vul-nerable than others, especially if they are elderly, as in the present study. In previous studies, criteria related to mari- tal status were not used in indigent selection. The fact thatmost indigents living alone were also selected by COGESs is in keeping with this line of thinking. Isolation is a nega- tive factor for mental health. Persons living in isolationoften have limited moral support and receive little assist- ance in activities of daily living. They are also more in- clined to have precarious mental health [26-29]. They areAtchessi et al. BMC Public Health 2014, 14:1158 Page 6 of 10 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/1158" 1006 W1995709278.pdf 8 "Figure 3. Comparison of Ellipsys3D and OpenFoam for the wake of a single turbine in laminar ow, with a Dynamic Smagorinsky sub-grid scale model. (a) streamwise velocity, (b) hu0u0i=U2 o, (c) Eddy viscosity ratio. The Science of Making Torque from Wind 2014 (TORQUE 2014) IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 524(2014) 012145 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/524/1/012145 7" 1007 W1990090352.pdf 6 "Strong correlations were observed between staining for CCK or for NK-1R and individual rat responses on all cold tests (acetone, cold plate events, duration andlatency and thermal preference (0°C vs. 45°C) cold timeand crossovers). MOR and NPY did not demonstratesignificant correlations with any of the cold behavioursat 45 days postoperatively. Discussion The key findings in the present study are: 1 - SpragueDawley rats subjected to bCCI show prolonged increasein sensitivity to cold stimuli; 2 - enhanced sensitivity tomechanical stimulation is transient in the same bCCIrats that showed persistently enhanced cold sensitivitylong after recovery of mechanical sensitivity; and 3 -superficial dorsal horn staining for MOR and NPY pep- tide are not significantly correlated to behavioural responses to cold stimuli, while CCK-8 and NK-1R weresignificantly correlated at 45 days. The results of thepresent study provide evidence that responses to coldstimuli, both reflex and operant responses, are morerobust and long lasting than reflex withdrawal responsesto mechanical probing in the bCCI model and furthersuggest that the usefulness of the CCI as a model of neuropathically altered pain sensitivity may be enhanced by use of bilateral lesions coupled with analysis ofresponses to cold stimuli, particularly operant responses.In the present study, bCCI did not produce evidence ofspontaneous pain behaviours, either in home cages orduring evoked pain testing. Figure 6 Superficial dorsal horn immunohistochemical staining for CCK . (A) Representative photomicrographs of dorsal horn immunoreactivity for cholecystokinin (CCK) in sham operated rats (Sham CCK) versus bCCI rats on post-ligation day 15. Scale bar represents 100μM. Medial area of the dorsal horn shows greatest decrease in staining in bCCI rats compared to sham-operated controls. (B) Dorsal horn CCK staining densitometry at various postoperative days compared as a percentage of staining in naïve rats. CCK peptide staining decreased at all the time points studied (p < 0.001; F = 68.3; df = 1; Two way ANOVA). CCK -8 showed decrease in immunoreactivity in day 15 (p = 0.001; post hoc Tukey Test) followed by a slight increase at day 30 (p = 0.02; post hoc Tukey test) and then a marked and consistent decrease thereafter today 90 compared to sham operated rats (p < 0.001; post hoc Tukey test). Data points are group means +/- SEM.Datta et al .Molecular Pain 2010, 6:7 http://www.molecularpain.com/content/6/1/7Page 7 of 16" 1008 W2532913370.pdf 2 "Two complete mitochondrial genomes from Praticolella mexicana Perez, 2011...139 Figure 1. Mitochondrial genome of Praticolella mexicana UTRGV and McAllen illustrated with an im - age of the species holotype (ANSP 426031). Gene order and sizes are shown relative to one another, not including non-coding regions. Genes are color coded by H (black) or L (red) strand. IUPAC single letter codes are used to identify tRNA genes. explore gene order evolution in Helicoidea. Results from both aspects of the study will increase our knowledge of these gastropod groups and provide a better understanding of land snail mitochondrial genome evolution. Materials and methods Specimen collection and DNA extraction We collected one adult P . mexicana each from the UTRGV campus in Edinburg, Texas (26.30726; -98.1714), and from a residential neighborhood in McAllen, Texas" 1009 W3179072787.pdf 11 "64 Page 12 of 30 J.-W. van Ittersum et al. for all m∈Z,n<0. We then have that G(m,n+1)−G(m,n)=f(n,m−n) is a polynomial for all m,n.B u t P(m,n+1)−P(m,n)is also a polynomial. The two polynomials agree for n>0, so they agree for all n; since Gand Palso agree forn>0, this means that they must also agree for all n. The lemma now follows, since it is just saying that F(−n)=P(−n,−n)= G(−n,−n). /intersectionsq/unionsq We also will find the following language convenient: we say that a set of power series fm(z)∈R[[z]],m∈Zfor some coefficient ring Rispolynomial in m if there exist polynomials Pk(u)∈R[u]such that ∀m∈Z:fm(z)=/summationdisplay k≥0Pk(m)zk. In our case the coefficient ring Rwill usually be the ring of quasi-modular forms QMod . 3 Differentialequation In this section we study the function ϕmdefined by the differential equation ( 1) and the constant term ϕm=pm/2−p−m/2+O(q). We first prove the evaluation ϕm=Res x=0/parenleftbigg/Theta1(x+z) /Theta1(x)/parenrightbiggm which immediately implies that ϕmis a quasi-Jacobi form. We then study the Fourier expansion of ϕm, discuss the dependence of ϕmon the parameter m, and derive a holomorphic anomaly equation. 3.1 Proof of Theorem 1.2 Define functions ϕm,m≥0 by the claim of the theorem i.e. let ϕm= Res x=0/parenleftBig /Theta1(x+z) /Theta1(x)/parenrightBigm . We need to check that these function satisfy the differential equations ( 1) and have the right constant term ( 2). Checking the constant term is straightforward and we omit the details (see also Sect. 3.2). To check the differential equation we form the generating series g(y)=/summationtext m≥1ymϕm/m. Let also Dy=yd dy. The differential equation ( 1) is then equivalent to D2 τg(y)=F(z,τ)D2 yg(y). (11) Consider the function f(x)=/Theta1(x+z) /Theta1(x)and apply the variable change y=1 f(x)⇐⇒ x=g(y)" 1010 W2013835314.pdf 11 "rap — r io de Janeiro 44(6):1379-1404, noV./deZ. 20101390 Érico Veras Marques • Marco aurÉlio Machado copo deste primeiro painel, os especialistas são definidos como consultores ou gestores de trânsito do estado do Ceará. O pesquisador buscou especialistas que representassem os órgãos executivos de trânsito municipais e estaduais. Os entrevistados fazem ou fizeram parte das seguintes instituições: Detran — Órgão Executivo de Trânsito do Estado do Ceará, DER — Órgão Executivo Rodoviário do Estado do Ceará e AMC — Órgão Executivo de Trânsito Mu - nicipal da cidade de Fortaleza. Todos os especialistas são mestres na área de trânsito ou transporte e com um bom conhecimento sobre tomada de decisão. Cada entrevista durou, em média, 120 minutos e foram realizadas conforme cronograma pré-estabelecido pelo pesquisador. O principal foco do primeiro painel de especialistas foi o de formatar as entrevistas estruturadas a serem feitas junto aos especialistas do segundo painel e também formatar o questionário a ser aplicado junto aos gestores dos órgãos executivos de trânsito das capitais brasileiras. Todos os especialistas que compõem o primeiro painel possuem mestra - do na área de engenharia de transportes. Os especialistas ocupam ou ocupa - ram cargos de diretoria em órgãos executivos de trânsito rodoviário, estadual e municipal, no estado do Ceará. O conhecimento dos especialistas na área de trânsito é indiscutível e os mesmos participam de educação continuada nessa área. Quanto ao conhecimento na área de tomada de decisão, pode-se enqua - drar os especialistas como decisores que possuem conhecimento acadêmico sobre o tema, mas que não têm uma leitura aprofundada sobre o mesmo. A primeira rodada de entrevistas da fase inicial foi pautada em cima de perguntas abertas e buscou a opinião pessoal de cada um dos especialistas do primeiro painel sobre a exequibilidade da pesquisa e, principalmente, sobre a validação das questões referentes ao referencial teórico, com dois objetivos específicos: estruturar as entrevistas junto aos especialistas do segundo painel e estruturar o questionário a ser aplicado junto aos gestores dos órgãos execu - tivos de trânsito das capitais brasileiras. Os três especialistas foram unânimes em responder afirmativamente quando perguntados sobre a exequibilidade da pesquisa, e foram além, infor - mando ainda que a área de estudo sobre trânsito não possuía cientificamente nada a respeito do tema e que o estudo seria de grande valia para o setor. Na visão dos especialistas, um trânsito seguro pode ser medido tomando-se por base a taxa de mortalidade, ou seja, quantidade de mortos por 10 mil veículos ou quantidade de mortos por 100 mil habitantes. Segundo os especialistas, é possível definir-se um modelo de decisão que auxilie na aplicação dos recursos arrecadados de um órgão executivo de trânsito, porém, apenas o modelo não garante um trânsito seguro. Ainda para" 1011 W2766677791.pdf 0 "ResearchArticle Influence of Digestion Procedure and Residual Carbon on Manganese, Copper, and Zinc Determination in Herbal Matricesby Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Dorota Adamczyk-Szabela, Piotr Anielak, and Wojciech M. Wolf InstituteofGeneralandEcologicalChemistry,LodzUniversityofTechnology,Zeromskiego116,90-924Lodz,Poland CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoDorotaA damczyk-Szabela;dorota.adamczyk@p.lodz.pl Received 4 May 2017; Revised 26 July 2017; Accepted 7 September 2017; Published 18 October 2017 Academic Editor:KrystynaPyrzynska Copyright © 2017 DorotaAdamczyk-Szabelaetal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distributio n,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis properlycited. Mineralizationtothecompleteoxidationofsamplecarboncomponentdoesnotalwaysassurethebestanalyterecovery.Particular attentionshouldbepaidtothepresenceofsiliconintheinvestigatedplantsampleandespeciallyinthecertifiedreferencematerial forwhichSicontentisscarcelygivenbytheproviders.Duringmineralizationwithoutadditionofthehydrofluoricacid,theresidualcarbon may block silica surfaces and increase availability of an analyte for its spectral determination in the solution. This issue is ofparticularrelevancebecausestandardprotocolsfordigestionofplantmatricesoftendonotsupporthydrofluoricacidaddition. Severalproceduresrecommendedfordecompositionofherbalplantswereappliedfortherespectivecertifiedreferencematerialandexaminedindetail.Manganese,copper,andzinccontentswereanalyzedinallsamplesbytheflameatomicabsorptionspectrometry. Additionally, the residual carbon was determined in all mineralizates. Silicon content was analyzed by the X-ray fluorescence method.Thebestrecoverieswereobservedforsamplescharacterizedbyrelativelyhighresidualcarbon. 1. Introduction Accurate determination of heavy metals content in medical herbs and herbal food additives is an important issue inapplied analytical chemistry and agriculture [1]. MedicinalplantsarewidelyusedallovertheworldandaccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)theyarethemainsourceof health care for millions of people. Their consumption isgrowing worldwide in developing and developed countriesalike.Herbaltherapiesareusuallylongterm.Therefore,evensmall heavy metal doses as present in particular plant mayaccumulate in patient body over a period of time. Thisissue prompted numerous works on analytical proceduresfor metal determination in medical herbs and herbal foodsupplements. However, papers critically evaluating samplepreparationstepsanddigestionarequitescarceindeed[2]. Modern spectral methods, like AAS or ICP, widely appliedfortheheavymetaldeterminationinenvironmentalsamplesrequireefficientmatrixdestruction[3,4].Foryears,analytical chemists have been aiming at developing effectivemethodsofmineralization. Organic or mixed samples are usually brought into solution by some types of oxidation process followed byan acid digestion of the resulting residue. In dry ashingprocedures,theorganicma tterofasam pleisdecom poseda thightemperaturesandresultingashissubsequentlydissolvedin a strong acid [5]. Usually, mineralization is performedat atmospheric pressure in a programmable furnace attemperatures approaching the range 450–600 ∘C [6]. The importantpracticaladvantageofthismethodisthatitallowsprocessing relatively large samples. The resulting ash can beeasily dissolved in a small volume of acid enabling efficientpreconcentration of trace elements in the final solution [7].As compared to dry ashing, the wet digestion applies sig-nificantly wider range of reagents and methodologies [8]. Itmaybecarriedoutinopenorclosedsystems,thelatterbeingespeciallyrecommendedfortraceanalysis.Thebreakthroughinmodernmineralizationtechniquescamewithintroduction Hindawi Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry Volume 2017, Article ID 6947376, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6947376" 1012 W2800188596.pdf 10 "1658 Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management (2018) 20:1648–1662 1 3 The methods chosen to survey the geological structure in the three profiles are based on the conductivity, resistivity, and dielectric constant of the geological environment. When comparing the map of equipotential based on the self-potential (SP) data carried out on March 2015 (Fig.  3a) and the equivalent map for March 2016 (Fig.  3b) we can see very clearly the negative differences in the quantity, magni-tude, as well as, overarching scope related to the location of the SP anomalies. The location of the anomaly peak SP in 2016 changed only slightly in comparison to the year 2015, but the amplitude of the anomalies changed significantly which points to the negative anomalies which appeared in large numbers nearby the landfill. This was confirmed by the results of the analysis of the quality of the surface- and groundwater. The model of the electrical resistivity tomographic pro- files T1(A), T2(A) and T3(A) in March 2015 (Fig.  4) and the profiles T1(B), T2(B) and T3(B) in March 2016 (Fig.  5) showed apparent difference in the resistivity values reaching as far as ca. 50 m deep below the ground surface. The inves-tigation revealed that the geological structure is highly inho - mogeneous vertically, but fairly homogeneous horizontally. As a result we can observe here good conditions for ground-water run-off, the formation of the lens containing water and different sediments. The VLF-EM results mapped the shallow linear con- ductors that are probably the fractured/saturated zones of varying length in the area which is of significant hydrogeo-logic importance for groundwater bearing. Interpretations are based on the high amplitude signal, which suggests the presence of weathered or fractured zones. The analysis of the VLF data by in-phase component was used to delineate the source and depth to the top of a subsurface conductive body. The amplitude of the analytical signal of the data showed the location of the anomalous body. The anomaly observed in the VLF survey is also associated to the deviation of the measured signal from the regular level, and this deviation is a result of the response of the subsurface geological objects Table 1 Results of surface water analysis by the Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Geophysics, VAST a QCVN-08-MT (B1) 2015: Vietnam Technical Regulation on surface water quality by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE)No. Parameters Units Name of samples and content for date Standard QCVN-08-MT(B1) 2015 a N1 N3 N5 Mar. 24, 2015Mar. 26, 2016Mar. 24, 2015Mar. 26, 2016Mar. 24, 2015Mar. 26, 2016 1 pH mg/l 7.95 7.68 7.78 7.89 7.72 7.75 5.5–9.0 2 DO mg/l 2.9 3.2 3.9 3.8 2.8 2.6 ≥ 4 3 TSS mg/l 98 87 32 30 26 37 50 4 COD mg/l 233 278 401 444 540 556 30 5 BOD 5 mg/l 196 202 312 337 341 356 15 6 NH4+mg/l 11.5 18.7 21.0 22.7 19.4 20.3 0.9 7 NO2−mg/l 0.12 0.20 0.46 0.53 1.02 0.96 0.05 8 NO3−mg/l 3.6 5.2 8.7 9.4 15.6 16.8 10 9 Cyanide (CN−)mg/l 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.05 10 Arsenic (As) mg/l 0.08 0.08 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.17 0.05 11 Cadmium (Cd)mg/l 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.13 0.01 12 Lead (Pb) mg/l 0.05 0.06 0.16 0.17 0.22 0.24 0.05 13 Copper (Cu) mg/l 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.9 0.5 14 PO43−mg/l 0.27 0.56 1.00 1.12 1.12 1.24 0.3 15 Iron (Fe) mg/l 1.77 1.90 1.45 1.88 1.89 2.03 1.5 16 Total N mg/l 23.6 25.7 39.8 43.3 42.7 55.8 – 17 Total P mg/l 2.05 2.06 3.56 3.89 4.07 5.55 – 18 Coliform MPN/100 ml 9800 10,500 10,700 11,000 11,600 12,800 7500 19 E.-coli MPN/100 ml 400 500 500 600 500 600 100 20 EC mS/m 25.8 33.7 117.8 130.2 102.6 136.5 21 TemperatureoC 23.4 22.7 22.7 23.1 23.3 22.8 22 TDS ppm 234 267 389 390 443 456" 1013 W2151373895.pdf 1 "Papers Dietary fat intake and risk of stroke in male US healthcare professionals: 14 year prospective cohort study Ka He, Anwar Merchant, Eric B Rimm, Bernard A Rosner, Meir J Stampfer, Walter C Willett, Alberto Ascherio Abstract Objective T o examine the association between intake of total fat, specific types of fat, and cholesterol andrisk of stroke in men.Design and setting Health professional follow up study with 14 year follow up.Participants 43 732 men aged 40-75 years who were free from cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in 1986.Main outcome measure Relative risk of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke according to intake of totalfat, cholesterol, and specific types of fat.Results During the 14 year follow up 725 cases of stroke occurred, including 455 ischaemic strokes, 125haemorrhagic stokes, and 145 strokes of unknowntype. After adjustment for age, smoking, and otherpotential confounders, no evidence was found thatthe amount or type of dietary fat affects the risk ofdeveloping ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke.Comparing the highest fifth of intake with the lowestfifth, the multivariate relative risk of ischaemic strokewas 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.28; P fortrend = 0.77) for total fat, 1.20 (0.84 to 1.70; P = 0.47)for animal fat, 1.07 (0.77 to 1.47; P = 0.66) forvegetable fat, 1.16 (0.81 to 1.65; P = 0.59) for saturatedfat, 0.91 (0.65 to 1.28; P = 0.83) for monounsaturatedfat, 0.88 (0.64 to 1.21; P = 0.25) for polyunsaturatedfat, 0.87 (0.62 to 1.22; P = 0.42) for trans unsaturated fat, and 1.02 (0.75 to 1.39; P = 0.99) for dietarycholesterol. Intakes of red meats, high fat dairyproducts, nuts, and eggs were also not appreciablyrelated to risk of stroke.Conclusions These findings do not support associations between intake of total fat, cholesterol, orspecific types of fat and risk of stroke in men. Introduction Strong evidence indicates that type of dietary fat ismore important than total fat intake in predicting riskof coronary heart disease, as different types of fat orfatty acids may play different or opposite roles.Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats seem tohave beneficial effects, but saturated fat and trans unsaturated fatty acids increase risk of coronary heartdisease. 1However, these associations do not seem to apply to stroke. Previous studies have even suggestedan inverse relation between saturated fat or transunsaturated fat intake and risk of stroke, 23but the mechanisms remain unclear. Although epidemiologi-cal studies indicated beneficial effects of some specificfatty acids such as long chain omega 3 polyunsaturatedfatty acid, /afii9825linolenic acid, and linoleic acid on ischaemic stroke, 4–6few studies have directly related intake of dietary fat to risks of subtypes of stroke, andthe results have been inconsistent. We prospectivelyexamined the associations between intakes of total fatand specific types of fat and the risk of subtypes ofstroke in the health professional follow up study. Methods Study populationThe health professional follow up study is a cohort of51 529 male US healthcare professionals, aged 40-75years in 1986, who responded to a mailed questionnaireincluding a comprehensive survey of diet, lifestyle char-acteristics, and medical history. Non-dietary variables areupdated every other year and dietary information everyfour years. For this analysis, we followed participantsfrom 1986 to 2000. We excluded men who at baselinereported a previous diagnosis of cardiovascular diseasesor diabetes mellitus. We also excluded men who hadincomplete information ( ≥70 blanks out of 131 listed food items) or implausible total daily energy intake(≤800 or ≥4200 kcal ( ≤3.34 or ≥17.56 MJ). A total of 43 732 men remained in the analyses. The response tothe questionnaires constituted the participants’informed consent Dietary assessment We assessed dietary intake by using semiquantitativefood frequency questionnaires in 1986, 1990, and1994. 7We asked participants to record the frequency of consumption of specified portions of each selectedfood during the previous year by using one of nineoptions ranging from “never or < 1/month” to“≥6/day.” We also inquired about types of fat, oil, or margarine used in food preparation and at the table.We obtained values for the amounts of nutrients,including specific types of fat, in foods from theHarvard University food composition database, whichwas updated over time with data from the US Depart-ment of Agriculture, manufacturers, and publishedreports. We based values for total trans isomer contents in food in part on analyses by Enig et al and SloverDepartment of Nutrition, HarvardSchool of PublicHealth, 665HuntingtonAvenue, Boston,MA 02115, USA Ka He research associate Anwar Merchant research associate Eric B Rimm associate professor Meir J Stampfer professor Walter C Willett professor Alberto Ascherio associate professor Department of Biostatistics,Harvard School ofPublic Health Bernard A Rosner professor Correspondence to: KH ehpkhe@channing.harvard.edu bmj.com 2003;327:777 page 1 of 6 BMJ VOLUME 327 4 OCTOBER 2003 bmj.com" 1014 W4378378698.pdf 2 "Page 3 of 8 Hwang et al. BMC Ophthalmology (2023) 23:236 Fig. 1 Illustration of illuminated-chopper . (A) iChopper, Nam illumination probe with a chopper, Korea, and USA Food and Drug Administration cleared (Oculight, South Korea). ( B) Phaco chop using an illuminated chopper. ( C) Still video image of illuminated chopper during phaco chop" 1015 W4252970627.pdf 2 "Секция 6. Иерархически организованные материалы и низкоразмерные структуры для биомедицинских приложений 405 Срок наблюдения составлял от 15 до 90 суток. После выведения животных из эксперимента по 4 особи из каждой группы на 15, 30, 60 и 90 сутки, исследуемые образцы с окружающими тканями фиксировались в 10% формалине в течение 1 суток. Образцы с костной тканью подвергались декальцинации в растворе смеси муравьиной кислоты и 10% формалина в соотношении 1:4 и подготавливались для микроскопической оценки. Результаты. При макроскопической оценки имплантатов во время забора материала в о всех исследуемых группах имплантаты хорошо фиксировались к окружающим мышечным тканям (в сроки от 15 суток) и к надкостнице (в сроки от 60 суток) за счет прорастания соединительной тканью. В сроки от 60 суток отмечалось постепенное исчезновение имплантата (биодеградация), что выражалось в трудностях интраоперацинной детекции имплантата. Макроскопически ни в одном случае, на всех сроках забора материала, признаков нагноения в области имплантации не выявлено. В ходе проведенного микроскопического исследования установлено, что вокруг всех трех вариантов материала формируется воспалительный гигантоклеточный инфильтрат с наличием гистиоцитов и фибробластов, что не отличается от литературных данных при использовании других, широко используемых в настоящее время в имплантологии материалов [3]. Воспалительный инфильтрат персистирует в течение 60 суток и постепенно замещает резорбируемый материал имплантат, что доказывает биодеградируемость исследуемого материала. К 90 суткам, во всех группах исследуемых образцов, отмечено уменьшение воспалительного инфильтрата (уменьшение количества гигантских клеток). Причем отмечено формирование более широкого слоя инфильтрата со стороны мышечной ткани, и меньшей его выраженности со стороны костной ткани. Данное наблюдение свидетельствует о благоприятной тенденции к интеграции исследуемых образцов с костной тканью. Во всех случаях отсутствует замещение воспалительного инфильтрата фиброзной тканью. Остеогенез наблюдался только в случаях повреждения костной ткани как при имплантации к костям черепа, так и к костям таза. Следует отметить, что во всех случаях, чем сильнее была выражена резорбция материала, тем отчетливее определялся остеогенез. Биодеградируемый имплантат, изготовленный на основе полимера полимолочной кислоты марки PURASORBPL- 38 и органического минерального наполнителя, полученного методом лазерной абляции твердотельной мишени, изготовленной из кальций фосфорнокислого двузамещенного водного индуцирует наиболее выраженный остеогенез. Выводы. Таким образом, по результатам сравнения трех исследуемых образцов, лучшие интерграционный качества показал биодеградируемый имплантат, изготовленный на основе полимера полимолочной кислоты марки PURASORBPL- 38 и органического минерального наполнителя, полученного методом лазерной абляции твердотельной мишени, изготовленной из кальций фосфорнокислого двузамещенного водного. 1. F.P.W. Melchels, M.A.N. Domingos, T.J. Klein, J. Malda, P.J. Bartolo, D.W. Hutmacher, Additive manufacturing of tissues and organs, Prog. Polym. Sci. 37 (2012) 1079 –1104. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.11.007. 2. A. Tamayol, M. Akbari, N. Annabi, A. Paul, A. Khademhosseini, D. Juncker, Fiber- based tissue engineering : Progress , challenges , and opportunities, Biotechnol. Adv. 31 (2013) 669 –687. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.11.007. 3. Kzhyshkowska J., Gudima A., Riabov V., Dollinger C., Lavalle P., Vrana N.E. Macrophage responses to implants: prospects for personalized medicine // J Leukoc Biol. – 2015. – V. 98. – P. 953- 962. " 1016 W2068771090.pdf 8 "NF-YC2, improved salinity tolerance in plants. In our previous study, we showed that BnNF-YC2 and BnNF-YC5 grouped with NF-YC2 and NF-YC3 [9] and, like these homologs in Arabidopsis , responded to salinity and drought stress. Since plants have so many NF-Ys, functional redundancy seems inevitable. Arabidopsis NF-YB2 and NF-YB3 function additively in the long-day flowering pathway [34]. LEAFY COTYLEDON 1 (LEC1) and LEAFY COTYLEDON1-LIKE (L1L) were shown to be involved in embryo development [35,36]. Many of the BnNF- Ys characterized in our study were responsive to salinity, drought, or ABA treatment. Some of these members in the same subfamily were clustered in the same phylogenetic clade based on theirpromoter sequences, such as BnNF-YA1 and BnNF-YA2 (Fig. 6). Further evidence is needed to confirm the roles of these proteins during the abiotic stress response. It would also be interesting to explore whether these proteins from the three subfamilies combine to form trimeric complexes, as reported in yeast and animal systems [37]. It is not known whether the NF-Y complex always has fixed components or whether the components differ under different conditions. Even though extensive correlations in the expression patterns of TaNF-Y subfamily members were identified [18], no three members from the three different BnNF-Y subfamilies exhibited the same expression pattern under all three treatments in our study. This phenomenon implies that the canola BnNF-Y complex does not always consist of the same monomers under different conditions. The plant’s response to abiotic stress involves the transcriptional regulation of genes via their cis-regulatory elements. ABRE, MYB, and MYC elements are known to be involved in the ABA- dependent stress pathway, while the DRE element plays a role in the ABA-independent pathway [38–40]. Two ABRE elements were identified in the promoter region of Arabidopsis drought- responsive NF-YA5, which functioned in an ABA-dependent manner [13]. Interestingly, GmNF-YA3 , a homolog of NF-YA5 , harbored an additional DRE cis-acting element in its promoter, which suggests that soybean NF-YA3 may be involved in both pathways [16]. A previous study of the global expression patterns of rice plants subjected to various abiotic stresses identified more ABRE and DRE elements in the promoter regions of genes responsive to both drought and salinity than in those specifically responsive to drought or salinity stress [41]. In our study, the promoter regions of BnNF-YA11 and BnNF-YA12 , which were strongly induced by salinity and drought stress, each harbored 4 ABRE elements. Canola NF-YB2 andNF-YB3 each possessed at least 5 ABRE elements and were strongly up-regulated by ABA treatments. BnNF-YC2, which contains 2 ABRE elements in its promoter region, was strongly induced by ABA stress. In contrast, the promoter regions of canola NF-YB11 and NF-YB14, which were also strongly induced by ABA or drought treatment, had fewDRE or ABRE elements, but several MYB or MYC elements, suggesting that MYB or MYC play roles in the abiotic stress response. According to the well-known triangle theory [42,43], canola, an allopolyploid, originated from the hybridization of B. rapa (the A genome) and B. oleaacea (the C genome), while all Brassica species basically arose from common Arabidopsis ancestors. Based on our NF-Y stress-related cis-element analysis and promoter sequence alignments, the upstream regulatory regions of NF-Y sequences of canola were found to be similar to those of Arabidopsis (Fig. 5 and 6). Through extensive comparisons based on nucleotide sequences, homoeologous segments conserved in canola and Arabidopsis were found to exhibit perfect collinearity [44]. Our study revealed that the promoters of canola NF-Ys were more similar to those of B. rapa than to B. oleracea . Canola ( B. napus ) was proposed to havemultiple origins, and natural canola species were found to be more closely related to B. rapa species than to B. oleracea species, according to an Restriction fragment length polymorphisms(RFLP) analysis of nuclear, chloroplastic, and mitochondrial DNA [45]. A recent study found that two canola self-incompat- ibility genes (S-locus glycoproteins, SLGs) and an S-locus receptorkinase (SRK) had higher levels of amino acid sequence identity with their B. rapa homologues than with those from B. oleracea [46], supporting the notion that a subset of canola sequences are more closely related to B. rapa than to B. oleracea . In conclusion, this study represents an extensive evaluation of BnNF-Y family members under salinity, drought, or ABA stress. The results presented here offer a useful foundation for further studies of BnNF-Y proteins under abiotic stress conditions. Several BnNF-Y members in each subfamily showed similar expression patterns, indicating that these genes may have redundantfunctions. Members of different families were found to have similar expression patterns, suggesting that BnNF-Ys form a heterocomplex. Our BnNF-Y promoter analysis shows thatmultiple BnNF-Y members contain abiotic stress-responsive elements and provides clues as to the evolution of BnNF-Ys in Brassica species. Supporting Information Figure S1 Expression pattern of BnNF-Y genes in the leaves and roots of plants subjected to salinity stress for 1o r3h . The expression of BnNF-YA (A),BnNF-YB (B), and BnNF-YC (C) in the leaves and roots of plants exposed to 150 mM NaCl for the indicated periods of time. The transcript levels of each BnNF-Y gene were first normalized to those of the housekeeping gene 18S and then compared to the control (0-hlevel in the leaf). The expression levels of untreated samples (C, 0-h leaf samples) were arbitrarily set to 1.0. L, leaves; R, roots. CK, no treatment; Salt, NaCl treatment. Significant differences between different samples and 0-h samples (same tissue only) are indicated by a single (P ,0.05) or double (P ,0.01) asterisk, according to Dunnett’s method of one-way ANOVA in SPSS. (DOC) Figure S2 Expression pattern of BnNF-Y genes exposed to osmotic stress. The expression of BnNF-YA (A),BnNF-YB (B), and BnNF-YC (C) genes in the leaves of plants exposed to treatment with 15% (w/v) PEG-6000 for the indicated periods. The transcript levels of each BnNF-Y gene were first normalized to those of the housekeeping gene 18S and then compared to the levels in the 0-h leaf control. Expression levels in untreated samples (C, 0-h leaf samples) were arbitrarily set to 1.0. L, leaves; R, roots. CK, no treatment; Drought, PEG6000 treatment. Significant differences between different samples and 0-h samples(same tissue only) are indicated by a single (P ,0.05) or double (P , 0.01) asterisk, according to Dunnett’s method of one-way ANOVA in SPSS. (DOC) Figure S3 Expression pattern of the BnNF-Y genes after exposure to 100 mM ABA. The expression of BnNF-YA (A), BnNF-YB (B), and BnNF-YC (C) genes in the leaves and roots of plants exposed to 100 mM ABA. Transcript levels of each BnNF-Y were first normalized to those of the housekeeping gene 18S and then compared to levels at 0 h in the control (untreated) leaves. Expression levels in untreated samples (CK, 0-h leave samples) were arbitrarily set to 1.0. L, leaves; R, roots. CK, no treatment;ABA, ABA treatment. Significant differences between different samples and 0-h samples (same tissue only) are indicated by aCanola NF-Y Response to Abiotic Stress PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 9 October 2014 | Volume 9 | Issue 10 | e111354" 1017 W4297973295.pdf 14 "Energies 2022 ,15, 7166 15 of 16 of renewables are worth being introduced into the proposed models as boundary conditions for optimization as well. Therefore, research with the objective function of minimizing the power imbalance between supply and demand will be carried out in the future. The integrated energy systems will replace the current CHP system as new research objects, while real-time data of renewables will be introduced. Author Contributions: Writing—original draft, L.Z.; methodology, writing—review and editing, C.L.; writing—review and editing, C.W.; conceptualization, writing—review, editing and investigation, J.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research is financially supported by Project of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute (zy-2022-10). Data Availability Statement: Data sharing not applicable. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Takeshita, T.; Aki, H.; Kawajiri, K.; Ishida, M. Assessment of utilization of combined heat and power systems to provide grid flexibility alongside variable renewable energy systems. Energy 2020 ,214, 118951. [CrossRef] 2. Tang, H.; Hua, Z.; Wang, Y.; Han, Y.; Zhang, D.; Liu, J. Summary of research progress on enhancement methods of depth peak load shaving capacity of heating units. Sci. Technol. Innov. Her. 2015 ,12, 15–16. (In Chinese) 3. Thomas, N.; Bert, C.; Kristof, P .; Van Bael, J.; Six, D. Flexibility of a combined heat and power system with thermal energy storage for district heating. Appl. Energy 2013 ,104, 583–591. 4. Diana, B.; Mario, G.; Nelly, L.; Kondziella, H.; Bruckner, T. Potential of the Power-to-Heat Technology in District Heating Grids in Germany. Energy Procedia 2014 ,46, 253–264. 5. Xin, Y.; Zhao, T.; Chen, X.; He, K.; Ma, H.; Chen, Q. Heat current method-based real-time coordination of power and heat generation of multi-CHP units with flexibility retrofits. Energy 2022 ,252, 124018. [CrossRef] 6. Zhang, H.; Li, Z.; Zhao, H. Thermodynamic performance analysis of a novel electricity-heating cogeneration system (EHCS) based on absorption heat pump applied in the coal-fired power plant. Energy Convers. Manag. 2015 ,105, 1125–1137. [CrossRef] 7. Dunn, B.; Kamath, H.; Tarascon, J.-M. Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices. Science 2011 ,334, 928–935. [CrossRef] 8. Jason, L.; Lukas, G. Selection of battery technology to support grid-integrated renewable electricity. J. Power Sources 2012 ,216, 376–386. 9. Moncho-Esteve, I.J.; Gasque, M.; Gonz ález-Altozano, P .; Salvador, G.P . 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Liu, M.; Wang, S.; Zhao, Y.; Tang, H.; Yan, J. Heat–power decoupling technologies for coal-fired CHP plants: Operation flexibility and thermodynamic performance. Energy 2019 ,188, 116074. [CrossRef] 16. Wang, X.; Wei, D.; Sun, S.; Gong, G.; Zhang, S.; Lv, B. Optimizing Distribution of Heat-power Load and Peak Regulation Ability of Heat Supply Units with Different Types. Turbine Technol. 2010 ,52, 387–390. (In Chinese) 17. Yuan, G.; Yang, W. Study on optimization of economic dispatching of electric power system based on Hybrid Intelligent Algorithms (PSO and AFSA). Energy 2019 ,183, 926–935. 18. Wang, C.; Song, J.; Zhu, L.; Zheng, W.; Liu, Z.; Lin, C. Peak shaving and heat supply flexibility of thermal power plants. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2021 ,193, 117030. 19. Lu, X.; Liu, Z.; Ma, L.; Wang, L.; Zhou, K.; Feng, N. A robust optimization approach for optimal load dispatch of community energy hub. Appl. Energy 2020 ,259, 114195. 20. Yao, L.; Guo, J.; Wang, S. The Analysis of Load Characteristics About Regulated Extraction Turbine’s Peak Regulation in Electric Network. Turbine Technol. 2009 ,51, 61–63. (In Chinese) 21. Wang, X.; Zheng, W.; Song, A. Analysis and Evaluating on Performance Characteristics of Heating Supply Unit with High Back-pressure. Power Syst. Eng. 2014 ,30, 49–51. (In Chinese)" 1018 W4393133616.pdf 6 "Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Akuntansi Kewirausahaan E-ISSN: 2807-5420 P-ISSN: 2798-9372 Vol. 3 No. 2 , 2024 Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri https:// ojs.unpkediri.ac.id/index.php/jpeaku | 72 DAFTAR RUJUKAN Sihombing, Fernando. 2019. “Potensi Ekstrak Seresah Daun Mangga (Mangifera Indica L.) 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Budiman, Saiful Nur. 2021. “Sistem Pengukuran Mutu Buah Mangga Berdasarkan Kematangan, Ukuran Dan Area Bercak Menggunakan Fuzzy Inference System.” Muhyddin. 2022. “Penerapan Ai Computer Vision Dan Machine Learning Yolov5 Untuk Taksasi Produksi Pada Perkebunan Tebu.” " 1019 W4361969411.pdf 2 " 3/8 washing with 0.1 % Tween-20 in PBS and PBS, bound radioactivity in the individual wells was measured. Legends of Supplementary Data Supplementary Figure 1. Affinity of anti-L YVE-1 antibody is maintained after radiolabeling with 125I. Competitive radioimmunoassay: Increasing amo unts of unlabeled anti-LYVE-1 antibody dose- dependently inhibited binding of 26 nM 125I-anti-LYVE-1 to immobilized LYVE-1. Half maximal binding of 125I-anti-LYVE-1 was reached at equal concentrations of both antibodies. Supplementary Figure 2. A systemically admini stered antibody to VEGFR-3 accumulates in the lymphatic vasculature. Differential immunofluorescence an alysis of systemically inj ected anti-VEGFR -3 antibody in sections of control (A – D) and inflamed auricular LNs (E – H). The injected antibody to VEGFR-3 (B and F, red) co-localized with LYVE -1 stained lymphatic vessels (C and G; green) in control and inflamed auricular LNs. (D) Merged panels B and C. (H) Merged panels F and G. In contrast, the injected control IgG (J; red) di d not co-localize with LYVE-1-positive lymphatic vessels (K, green). (A, E, I) Nucl ei were stained with Hoechst dye (blue). Scale bars = 100 µm. Supplementary Figure 3. A systemically inj ected radiolabeled antibody to VEGFR-3 accumulates in the lymphatic vasculature." 1020 W4296466709.pdf 21 "Electronics 2022 ,11, 2983 22 of 26 set of common quantum task types comprising typical configuration options. Rather, users have to start building their workflow from scratch by means of writing a YAML file. In contrast, our approach uses standardized workflow models that can be executed on full-fledged workflow engines, providing advantages, such as robustness and scalability. Another framework for executing quantum workflows is Covalent [108]. It is a Pythonic workflow tool specialized for executing tasks on HPC and quantum hardware. The work- flow is generated by annotating the code with Covalent-specific decorators. In contrast to our approach, it is not based on a standardized workflow language and does not provide workflow-typical features such as transactions, error-compensation, and user tasks. 8. Conclusions and Future Work A variety of error mitigation methods have been developed to improve the perfor- mance of today’s noisy quantum devices. To facilitate the integration of REM in quantum applications, we first analyzed the literature for existing methods. We categorized the found methods and summarized their basic functionality to ease their understanding. Further, we evaluated the methods’ configuration options to identify common and method-specific options that need to be considered when integrating REM into a quantum application. As quantum applications typically contain many quantum and classical software components, implementing, configuring, deploying, and orchestrating all components manually is error- prone and time-consuming. Thus, workflow technologies have been proposed as a means for orchestrating quantum applications. To automate the REM process in a configurable manner, we introduced an approach integrating service-based, configurable, and extensi- ble REM into quantum workflows. To validate our approach, we provide a prototypical implementation and employ it in a case study from the quantum humanities domain. In future work, we plan to further extend our prototype by providing accurate cost estimations for performing REM for different quantum providers. Furthermore, we will integrate REM in the NISQ Analyzer [ 83] to facilitate the hardware selection process. More- over, we plan to compare the presented REM methods using a model-driven benchmarking approach. As hybrid runtimes, such as Qiskit Runtime [ 96] or Amazon Braket Hybrid Jobs [ 97], are becoming more popular, we plan to investigate how our workflow-based REM approach can be combined with current hybrid runtime environments. Finally, we plan to investigate whether our approach is also applicable to other types of error mitigation, such as gate error mitigation, and we extend our prototype to support these methods too. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, M.B., J.B., F.L., F.T., B.W., and V .Y.; methodology, M.B., J.B., F.L., F.T., B.W., and V .Y.; software, M.B., F.T., and B.W.; validation, M.B., F.T., B.W., and V .Y.; investigation, M.B., F.T., B.W., and V .Y.; resources, M.B.; data curation, M.B.; writing—original draft preparation, M.B., F.T., B.W., and V .Y.; writing—review and editing, J.B. and F.L.; visualization, M.B., F.T., B.W., and V .Y.; supervision, J.B. and F.L.; project administration, J.B. and F.L.; funding acquisition, J.B. and F.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This work was partially funded by the BMWK projects PlanQK (01MK20005N), EniQmA (01MQ22007B), and SeQuenC (01MQ22009B), and by the project SEQUOIA funded by the Baden- Wuerttemberg Ministry of Economic Affairs, Labour and Tourism. Data Availability Statement: The prototypical implementations and case study presented in this work are available on GitHub [82,86,90]. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References 1. Cao, Y.; Romero, J.; Olson, J.P .; Degroote, M.; Johnson, P .D.; Kieferová, M.; Kivlichan, I.D.; Menke, T.; Peropadre, B.; Sawaya, N.P .; et al. Quantum chemistry in the age of quantum computing. Chem. Rev. 2019 ,119, 10856–10915. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 2. Cao, Y.; Romero, J.; Aspuru-Guzik, A. Potential of quantum computing for drug discovery. IBM J. Res. Dev. 2018 ,62, 6:1–6:20. [CrossRef] 3. Preskill, J. Quantum computing in the NISQ era and beyond. Quantum 2018 ,2, 79. [CrossRef] 4. Jozsa, R. Entanglement and quantum computation. arXiv 1997 , arXiv:quant-ph/9707034." 1021 W4366417201.pdf 1 "Pharmaceutics 2023 ,15, 1281 2 of 14 Therefore, the polymer-modified PDA nanoparticles improve drugs’ retention ability and the prolonged release of drugs [ 7,8]. These PDA NPs, however, displayed considerable toxicity to healthy cells and tissues due to their non-specificity. Two efficient methods for resolving the aforementioned issue include creating responsive PDA-based nanoformu- lations and grafting some targeting units on the PDA-based nanoformulations [ 8]. With regard to PTT with PDA, the recent literature has focused on functionalizing PDA-based nanoparticles to enhance their drug delivery efficiency, targeting ability, and therapeutic efficacy. One approach involves using ligands or antibodies to functionalize the surface of polydopamine-based nanoparticles to improve their targeting ability. For example, targeting ligands such as folic acid and aptamers have been conjugated to the surface of PDA-based nanoparticles to selectively target cancer cells that overexpress specific re- ceptors [ 9–12]. Another approach involves incorporating additional functional groups or moieties onto the surface of PDA-based nanoparticles to enhance their drug loading capacity or promote controlled drug release [ 13–15]. For example, thiol or amine groups can be incorporated onto the surface of PDA-based nanoparticles to enhance their drug loading capacity or enable conjugation of other therapeutic agents or targeting moieties [ 16–18]. In addition to surface functionalization, recent studies have explored the use of PDA-based nanoparticles in combination with other therapeutic modalities such as photothermal ther- apy and gene therapy [ 13–15]. For example, PDA-based nanoparticles have been used as carriers for both chemotherapy drugs and photothermal agents to enable synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy. Overall, functionalized PDA-based nanoparticles show great promise for improving cancer drug delivery and overcoming some of the limitations asso- ciated with conventional drug delivery approaches. However, further research is needed to optimize their design and evaluate their long-term safety and efficacy in clinical settings. Natural polymers such as chitosan, sodium alginate, starch, and pectin have been utilized for DDSs to improve the bioavailability of many potential drugs [ 19]. Among these, chitosan (CS) is one of the most promising for DDSs [ 20]. It has mucoadhesive, permeation- enhancing, in situ gelling, and efflux pump inhibitory effects because of its cationic nature. Additionally, a controlled medication release can be accomplished via ionic interactions, and nanoparticulate delivery systems for siRNA and pharmaceuticals based on DNA can be created [ 21]. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is a modified CS that also attracted drug delivery in cancer therapy. It has carboxylic and cationic amino groups, which are responsible for the loading of drugs via the formation of H-bonding and complexation and which can deliver the drug molecules easily in the tumor microenvironment [ 22]. As of late, it has been shown that CMCS derived from non-animal sources of fungal mushrooms (FC) has outstanding physiological and biological characteristics, including increased water solubility in a wide range of pH solutions, biodegradability, and excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, FC has been utilized for the preparation of nanocomposites, films, and hydrogels for biomedical applications [23–25]. By considering the excellent properties of FC and the PTT ability of PDA, herein we developed FCPDA nanoparticles for loading Dox as a chemotherapeutic agent. The presence of amino functional groups on FC biopolymer can easily be covalently bonded to the DOPA structure during the formation of PDA, thereby stabilizing the FCPDA nanopar- ticles. By considering the excellent properties of FC, the FCPDA nanoparticles are easily allowed to encapsulate with Dox drug via the formation of multiple bonds such as H-bond, complexation, and pi-pi stacking. The resulting Dox@FCPDA nanoparticle was studied for its combined chemo and photothermal properties for cancer therapy. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Materials The Endovision Company (Daegu, Republic of Korea) kindly provided FC (originated from Agaricus Bisporous Mushroom) with MW = 200–2000 KDa (viscosity 20–1000 cps with deacetylation 80–98%). DA was purchased from Sigma Aldrich Company, Seoul, Republic" 1022 W2517093136.pdf 10 "Oncotarget34233 www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget kit. The resin was collected by centrifuging for 30 s at 8200 × g after agitated for overnight at 4°C. The Flag- IKKβ was eluted by competition with 3 × Flag peptide, and stored at −80°C or further conduct IKKβ kinase assay and competition assay. IKKβ kinase assay To determine the effect of ILG on IKKβ activity, the IKKβ kinase assay was performed. Briefly, IκBα substrate supplied by Enzo Life Science (Farmingdale, NY , USA), Flag-IKKβ recombinant protein, and ATP were incubated with or without ILG at 30°C for 30 min. The mixture was analyzed by 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and then electro-transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. The nitrocellulose membranes were incubated with P-IκBα (Ser32/36) for overnight at 4°C after blocked by 5% dried milk for 60 min. Next day, the membranes were further incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies for 60 min, and developed using ECL Western Blotting Detection Reagents (Life Technologies). Competition assay Flag-IKKβ wild type (wt) was precipitated from HEK 293 overexpressing Flag-IKKβ, and incubated with ILG or DMY for 1h and then 100 μM DMY-biotin was added to the mixture. Subsequently, the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitro-cellulose membranes. After blocking with BSA and washing with PBST, the membranes were incubated with streptavidin horseradish peroxidase for 1 h and developed with enhanced chemiluminescence. Finally, the membranes were incubated with anti-Flag antibody to evaluate the expression of Flag-IKKβ. Computational methods The initial 3D structure of ILG was built using the Molecule Builder module incorporated in MOE software. The structure was then subjected to energy minimization and partial charges calculation with Amber99 force field. The crystal structure of wild-type inhibitor of κB kinase β (IKKβ) was retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB ID code 3RZF [38]). On the basis of the wild type protein structure, the structure of IKKβ with C46A mutant was obtained by performing single point mutation with Rotamer Explorer in MOE software. To prepare the protein for molecular docking, the protein structure was subjected to partial charges calculation and energy minimization with Amber99 force field. Energy minimization was terminated when the root mean square gradient falls below 0.05 kcal/(mol·Å). The prepared proteins and ligand were introduced for molecular docking. The docking site was identified by using Site Finder in MOE software. The identified binding site including residue Cys46 was chosen as the binding site for molecular docking according to our experiment. In molecular docking, the Triangle Matcher placement method and London dG scoring function were used. A total of 30 docking poses were generated for the ligand and the pose with the best binding mode was selected for further analysis. IKK-βC46A transgenic mice The IKK-βC46A transgenic mice were generated by Shanghai Biomodel Organism Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The transgenic mice were validated by PCR and gene sequencing. The IKK-βC46A mice have been backcrossed to C57BL/6 for 6 generations in our experiments, and the wild-type littermates were served as control. They were kept under 12:12 h cycle of light with ad libitum access to food and drink. All mice were kept under specific pathogen-free conditions in the animal care facility at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Animal care and experiments were conducted in accordance with the Laboratory Animal Research Committee Guidelines of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese medicine. DTH animal model Mice were sensitized through topical application onto their shaved abdomens of 20 µl of a 0.5% DNFB in 4:1 acetone/olive oil mixture on days 0 and 1(sensitization phase). Five days after sensitization, the mice were challenged on day 6 with application of 20 µl of a 0.5% DNFB in 4 : 1 acetone/olive oil mixture to the left inner and outer surfaces of the mice (elicitation phase). Ear thickness measurements of both the treatment and control/blank groups were taken with an electronic digital caliper at 24, 48 and 72 h after challenge and the response quantitated as the difference in the thickness of the challenged ear. Statistical analysis Data are expressed as means ± S.E.M. One-way ANOV A or Student’s t-test was used to determine the significance of difference; a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Prof Tom Gilmore (Boston University) for the gift of IKKβ wild type plasmids. Australia Innovation Patent No.: 2015100662; granted on 28, May 2015." 1023 W3081972210.pdf 6 "284 Vol. 16, No. 3 , 2020 Mìžnarodnij endokrinologìčnij žurnal ,ISSN 2224-0721 (print), ISSN 2307-1427 (online) Огляд літератури  /Literature Review/спровокувати ТК. Причому активну антибактеріальну терапію рекомендують навіть при найменшій підозрі на інфекційно-запальний процес. Лікування у рефрактерних випадках. У разі не- ефективності стандартної схеми лікування впродовж 24–48 годин доцільно розглянути такі додаткові можливості. Еферентна терапія (зазвичай плазмаферез, рідше — гемосорбція чи діаліз) дає хворому реальний шанс за- вдяки швидкій елімінації з кров’яного русла надлишку ТГ та інших токсичних метаболітів; через це рекомен- дується багатьма фахівцями та експертами за умови прогресування поліорганної (особливо печінкової) недостатності [4, 5, 13]. Щоправда, існують застере- ження, які стосуються ефекту «рикошету» з повторним підйомом концентрацій ТГ , додаткового навантаження на систему кровообігу , впливу високих доз гепарину на зв’язування ТГ з транспортними протеїнами та ризику тромбоцитопенії [3]. У даний час відсутні проспектив- ні дослідження, що б переконливо доводили ефектив- ність такої тактики [4]. Тиреоїдектомія в ургентному порядку , попри підви- щений операційний ризик, здатна суттєво поліпшити результати лікування пацієнтів із ТК за умови неефек- тивності стандартної фармакотерапії при збереженій ЩЗ. Доволі революційна ідея ранньої операції при йод-індукованому ТК зародилася у провідних клініках Німеччини у 80-х роках ХХ сторіччя (Dralle H., Herr- mann J., R öher H. та інші відомі хірурги), згодом поши- рилась як усередині країни, так і на інші європейські центри. У США тривалий час стримано сприймали та- кий підхід, однак сьогодні від нього не відмовляються й тамтешні фахівці [1, 5, 11]. Відомі приклади вдалого поєднання в одного паці- єнта різних методів. На сайті клініки Мейо описаний унікальний клінічний випадок ТК, що розвинувся в 33-річної жінки через півроку після пологів на ґрунті недіагностованої хвороби Г рейвса [14]. Незважаючи на інтенсивну терапію, стан пацієнтки залишався тяж- ким через прогресування гемодинамічних розладів аж до кардіогенного шоку; з метою тимчасової підтримки серцевої діяльності додатково застосовано метод екс- тракорпоральної мембранної оксигенації. Оскільки через п’ять днів пацієнтка все ще перебувала в критич- ному стані, спричиненому тиреотоксикозом, вирішено розпочати плазмаферез з метою швидкої підготовки до здійснення тиреоїдектомії. У післяопераційному періо- ді стан пацієнтки суттєво поліпшився, однак скоротли- ва функція серця залишалась вкрай низькою (фракція викиду 15 %), тому було застосовано кардіостимуляцію та рекомендовано трансплантацію серця. Особливості лікарської тактики в нестандартних ситуаціях. Ідеться про ті нечасті випадки ТК, в осно- ві яких лежать інші причини, аніж хвороба Г рейвса — Базедова; вони потребують суттєвої корекції наведеної вище стандартної схеми. Скажімо, при тиреопатіях, що супроводжуються деструктивним тиреотоксикозом (підгострий тиреоїдит де Кервена, аміодарон-інду- кований тиреотоксикоз 2-го типу), використання ти- реостатиків і препаратів йоду абсолютно не доцільне; акцент зміщується на активну протизапальну терапію глюкокортикоїдами або нестероїдними протизапаль- ними засобами та симптоматичне лікування. При ТК, спричиненому значним передозуванням екзогенних ТГ , необхідна передусім їх негайна відміна, а також комплекс підтримуючих заходів. Найбільш проблематичним вважається лікування йод-індукованого ТК у пацієнтів із функціональною автономією ЩЗ (включаючи аміодарон-індукований тиреотоксикоз 1-го типу), що, як відомо, відзначаєть- ся рефрактерністю навіть до максимальних доз тирео- статиків. У таких випадках інтенсифікують антитире- оїдну та системну підтримуючу терапію, категорично уникаючи препаратів йоду . При цьому дози тіамазолу інколи сягають 80–160 мг/добу , карбімазолу — 120– 180 мг/добу (!), через це оптимальним виходом у такій ситуації вважають невідкладну тиреоїдектомію, краще після підготовки за допомогою плазмаферезу [2, 6, 15]. Більше того, деякі автори наполягають на її проведен- ні впродовж 12–24 годин, адже летальність після опе- рації, здійсненої в І–ІІ стадіях ТК, перебуває в межах 10 %, а в ІІІ стадії — 28,6 % [6]. Прогноз Завдяки створенню і впровадженню у широку клінічну практику антитиреоїдних лікарських засо- бів, β-адреноблокаторів, нейролептиків та інших лі- кувальних заходів летальність при ТК кардинально знизилась і вже у 1990-х становила 20–50 % залежно від стадії [2]. Сьогодні, за даними ЕТА, летальність становить близько 10 % [10], інші автори озвучують 10–20 % [1, 3–5]. Вірогідними предикторами песи- містичного прогнозу служать прогресуючі гіпертер- мія, тахіаритмія та порушення діяльності ЦНС, а також приєднання жовтяниці. Смерть може настати внаслідок серцевої та/або дихальної недостатності, шоку , поліорганної недостатності, гіпертермії, дисе- мінованої внутрішньосудинної коагуляції, сепсису або інших ускладнень. Зрештою, якщо пацієнти ви- живають, у частини з них спостерігаються необоротні розлади, як-от: постгіпоксична енцефалопатія, цере- броваскулярна патологія, атрофія м’язів, психози або ниркова недостатність [4, 5]. Перспективи в лікуванні ТК Японські фахівці у своїх настановах [4] сформулю- вали низку проблемних питань, розробка яких, на їх думку , може позитивно вплинути на результати ліку- вання ТК. Серед них: — Який тиреостатик краще підходить для терапії — тіамазол чи пропілтіоурацил? — Чи впливає терапія глюкокортикоїдами на кін- цевий прогноз? — Наскільки необхідна терапія психотропними за- собами при легких розладах свідомості? — Чи можуть ранні заходи з реабілітації запобігти неврологічним ускладненням ТК? Окрім цього, японські експерти наголошують на двох аспектах, які доцільно зробити предметом май- бутніх клінічних досліджень: лікування порушень ко-" 1024 W4283728280.pdf 10 "clinical isolates and triazole resistance, as well characterize genetic variation in known virulence factors. We believe that the two works used the orthologs ’intraspecies analysis to deeply investigate different aspects of A. fumigatus genome variation. Thus, the distribution of orthol- ogous genes provided here contains information important to the Aspergillus research com- munity (see supplemental file 2 at the URL above), as well the possibility of identifying Af293 ortholog genes on the PanOrtho genome (see supplemental file 4 at the URL above). Across all isolates, we found that A. fumigatus harbors variation in terms of the number of total predicted protein coding genes ranging between 8,857 and 9,638 (for the clinical isolate IFM59779 and environmental isolate SRR10714233/B-1-26-5, respectively) (see sup-plemental Table 1 at https:// figshare.com/articles/dataset/Examination_of_genome-wide _ortholog_variation_in_clinical_and_environmental_isolates_of_the_fungal_pathogen _Aspergillus_fumigatus/19873927 ). The isolates with the largest number of genes clas- sified exclusively as core genome were the clinical isolate MO78722EXP and the environmen- tal isolate ISSFT-021, which was obtained from the International Space Station, with 7,877 and7,867 genes classi fied, respectively. In the AC set, the clinical isolates IFM59361 and 12- 7504462 had the highest number of AC classi fied genes, 1,570 and 1,521, respectively (see supplemental file 7 at the URL above), revealing variation in gene copy numbers (no, single, or multiple gene copies) across isolates (Fig. 3A ). Other studies suggest that the genetic variants —SNPs, indels, and gene presence-absence polymorphisms —across A. fumigatus isolates may provide evidence of distinct populations of A. fumigatus (10, 17). We investigated the distribution of genes with functional associations with relevant pathways investigated in A. fumigatus studies in the PanOrtho genome, focusing on important mechanisms signi ficant to the phenotypic differentiation of isolates (see supplemental file 5 at https:// figshare.com/articles/dataset/Examination_of_genome-wide_ortholog_variation_in _clinical_and_environmental_isolates_of_the_fungal_pathogen_Aspergillus_fumigatus/ 19873927 ). Our analysis revealed extensive variation in copy number among genes encoding GPCRs, phosphatases, ABC transporters, kinases, TF, MSF transporters, and proteins important for conidiation, virulence, and secondary-metabolite production (Fig. 2A ). Notwithstanding these differences, gene copy number per orthogroup did not differ between clinical andenvironmental isolates. A. fumigatus produces a variety of secondary metabolites (SM) and ef flux pumps that s e r v ea sd e f e n s es y s t e m s( 4 5 ,4 6 ) .I nf u n g i ,t h eg e n e si np a t h w a y st h a ts y n t h e s i z eS Ma r e typically located next to each other in the genome and organized in contiguous gene clus- ters (BGC) (6, 47 –49). The gliotoxin BGC impacts A. fumigatus virulence and is widely pro- duced by Aspergillus species (50, 51). Here, we observed the conservation of the gliotoxin BGC across the PanOrtho genome (Fig. 2B). However, other BGCs, such as fumitremorgin, presented heterogeneity with regard to the genetic arrangement of BGCs within species (50), an observation that is typi fied by the total absence of these genes in the environmental isolate B-1-70s-1 (see supplemental file 5 at https:// figshare.com/articles/dataset/Examination _of_genome-wide_ortholog_variation_in_clinical_and_environmental_isolates_of_the_fungal _pathogen_Aspergillus_fumigatus/19873927 ). Of the genes belonging to BGCs, 27 presented significant variation in species distribution in the PanOrtho genome (Fig. 2B ). All genes from the helvolic acid BGC were absent from isolate CNM-CM8812. All genes in BGC 4, predicted to produce a fusarielin-like metabolite, were classi fied as accessories and are absent in differ- ent isolates, such as A1163 (ASM15014v1), which lost all genes from this BGC. The fumitre- morgin BGC, cluster 29, is present in a unique isolate (Afu343) with two copies of all genes of the BGC. Of note, our analysis examined the presence and absence of genes encoded in BGCs, but further examination of physical clustering is warranted. Nonetheless, our findings corroborated previous descriptions of variation among BGCs within this species (6 –8). The genetic diversity across species in virulence and drug resistance mechanisms has been extensively reviewed (43, 46, 52). Among clinical isolates of Aspergillus species, species- and isolate-speci fic polymorphisms were reported in the 14 a-sterol demethylase gene cyp51A (Afu4g06890) and in the 1,3-beta-glucan synthase catalytic subunit gene fks1,w h i c h are target genes for azoles and echinocandins, respectively (7, 14, 42). We observed no variation in gene copy number for cyp51A (Afu4g06890; orthogroup OG0003434),Genomic Conservation among A. fumigatus Isolates mBio Month YYYY Volume XX Issue XX 10.1128/mbio.01519-22 11 Downloaded from https://journals.asm.org/journal/mbio on 02 August 2022 by 37.223.121.252. " 1025 W4382335135.pdf 2 "Asian Journal of Social Science Research (e -ISSN: 2600 -9706) Volume 5, Issue 1, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.8088938 45 media convergence. By studying the transformation of television programs in this specific case, valuable insights can be gained that may inform and inspire other television stations in China and beyond. LITERATURE REVIEW The t ransformation of television programs in media convergence has been a subject of extensive research and scholarly inquiry in recent years. With the rapid advancement of new media technologies and the changing media landscape, television stations worldwide h ave been compelled to adapt and innovate to stay relevant in an increasingly digital and interconnected world. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the existing research conducted between 2020 and 2022, focusing on the transformation of te levision programs within the context of media convergence, specifically emphasizing the case study of Shanxi Radio and Television Station in China. As a theoretical framework, media convergence has gained significant attention in the study of media industr ies and their transformation. Scholars have highlighted the blending and integration of various media platforms, including television, the internet, and mobile devices, as key drivers of change in the television landscape. According to Jenkins (2014), medi a convergence encompasses both technological and cultural shifts, resulting in the convergence of content, distribution, and audience engagement. This convergence has led to the transformation of television programs, affecting their content, production pro cesses, and modes of consumption. One prominent aspect of the transformation of television programs in media convergence is the reimagining and diversifying content. Scholars have explored the changes in storytelling techniques, narrative structures, and thematic elements in television programming. Li and Liang (2021) argue that media convergence has facilitated the creation of immersive and interactive content, blurring the boundaries between traditional television shows and online platfor ms. This shift has allowed for more personalized and participatory viewing experiences as viewers increasingly engage with television programs through social media platforms, interactive apps, and user -generated content. Adopting new technologies has playe d a crucial role in transforming television production processes. Researchers have examined the impact of digital technologies, such as high -definition cameras, virtual reality, and augmented reality, on the production and presentation of television progra ms. Langa et al. (2021) suggest that integrating these technologies has enabled television stations to enhance the visual quality of their programs, create immersive viewing experiences, and experiment with innovative storytelling techniques. Additionally, data analytics and artificial intelligence use in content recommendation and audience targeting have become increasingly prevalent in the television industry (Anantrasirichai & Bull, 2022). Television programs' transformation in media convergence is also shaped by policy and regulatory frameworks. Scholars have examined media convergence's regulatory challenges and opportunities, particularly in China. Taeihagh (2021) discusses how Chinese media regulators have responded to the changing media landscape, hi ghlighting the need for flexible and adaptive policies that foster innovation while ensuring social stability. Policy changes, such as the loosening of restrictions on online video platforms and the promotion of cross -media collaborations, have influenced the strategies and practices of television stations like Shanxi Radio and Television Station." 1026 W4298847199.pdf 1 "Singh KD et al. Int Surg J . 201 7 Apr;4(4):1394 -1397 International Surgery Journal | April 2017 | Vol 4 | Issue 4 Page 1395 progressive vision loss due to cataract for five years and subsequent ly she developed carcinoma of the right breast (Stage IIIB at presentation) (Figure 1). Patient had no history of trauma to eyes, watering, glares, floaters or redness of eyes; nor did she have diabetes mellitus or any other metabolic abnormality. We lost the patient as she died in an unfortunate road traffic accident. However, this interesting possible association motivated us to seek out the link between these two disease entities viz. breast cancer and early -onset cataract . Figure 1: Right breast mass with bilateral early -onset cataract at presentation . METHODS A comprehensive online English literature search was done using various electronic search databases including “Med -line”, “PubMed”, “Scopus”, “Web of Science” and “Google Scholar”. Different search terms related to pathogenesis of carcinoma breast and cataract were used like “pathogenesis of carcinoma breast”, “pathogenesis of cataract”, “pathogenesis of early onset cataract”, “cancer and cataract”, “association between carcinoma breast and cataract”, and “link between cancer and early onset cataract”. An advanced search was also carried out by combining all search fields in keywords, abstracts and/or titles. Using these search terms, appropriate articles were selected for a comprehensive revie w. Investigation of literature was further supplemented by searching the referenced articles created by original investigators. Finally, all the selected articles were confirmed for duplications a nd excluded, if it was observed . RES ULT S Early -onset catarac t (EOC) is thought to be due to insufficient anti -oxidative function.2,3 Carcinogenesis is similarly related to oxidative stress and oxidative damage.4 This anti -oxidative insufficiency may occur as a result of faulty anti -oxidative and/or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair or due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which leads to oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules, genomic instability and uncontrolled cell proliferation.4 This similar mechanism might explain the propensity of develo pment of certain cancers in patients with EOC. The mechanisms which we found in our literature review for the possible association between BC and EOC included metabolic syndrome, action of reactive oxygen species, genetic polymorph isms and environmental fa ctors . DISCUSSION We describe here the possible mechanisms linking EOC with BC which we found during our literature review. Table 1 summarizes all the studies which explain the various possible links between EOC and BC. Table 1: Studies explaining the various possible links between Early -onset cataract and Breast cancer . Possible links between early - onset cataract and breast cancer Studies explaining the possible mechanisms Metabolic Syndrome Forte et al 6- Diabetes and obesity are linked closely and both in -turn are associated with an increased incidence of solid tissue cancers. Tan et al8- Metabolic syndrome is associated with all three types of cataracts. Paunksnis et al9- Increased odds of cataract formation in middle -aged females with arterial hypertension, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. Reactive Oxygen Species Klaunig et al4, Martinez -Outschoorn et al13- ROS alter gene expression patterns and thus contribute to carcinogenesis through oxidative stress in fibroblasts which then proliferate uncontrollably. Augusteyn et al14- ROS lead to lens opacification through oxidative damage to lens proteins. West et al15- Oxidative damage associated with ultraviolet light plays a key role in the development of cataracts. Genetic Factors Saadat et al17- Increased incidence of cataract in subjects with the null genotype of GSTM1. Sohail et al19- Polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTO2 have been shown to be associated with increased risk of developing breast cancer. Environmental Factors Swanson et al21- Increased use of glyphosate in the United States has been demonstrated with increase in the incidence and/or death rate of multiple diseases (including cataract) and several cancers (like breast cancer, liver cancer etc.). Stout et al22- Glyphosate induced a statistically significant cataractous lens formation in male as well as female rats. Séralini et al25- Female rats fed with GM maize treated with glyphosate had very high propensity of developing mammary fibroadenomas and adenocarcinomas ROS - reactive oxygen species; GST - glutathione S -transferase; GM - genetically modified . " 1027 W4235272072.pdf 0 " 1 GREEN ECONOMY WORKSHOP : MEMPERSIAPKAN WIRAUSAHA MUDA YANG BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN DI SMKN 3 BANJARMASIN Green Economic Workshop : Preparing Environmental Friendly Young Entrepreneurship In SMKN 3 Banjarmasin Oleh. Rizka Zulfikar, S.Tp, MM 1] , Prihatini Ade Mayvita, SE, MM 2] 1] 2] Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAB – Banjarmasin 1] rizkazulfikar@gmail.com , 2] ademayvita@gmail.com Abstract At present, environmental issues is an important concern for the whole world along with the many problems that threated the environment such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, and also water and soil pollution . The implementation of the green econ omy as a form of public awareness of how importance environment is to the future has been intensively conducted. School can be a right media, a comfortable and dynamic system for students to develop good knowing, good filling and good acting based on the environment. The small number of environmental knowledge in educational subject received by students at SMKN 3 Banjarmasin, made the students mindset of environmental and motivate to apply the concepts of green economy in their environment has not been e stablished and it will be a priority issue agreed between proposer and partners. Implementation of this community development activities had taken the form of workshops and carried out with lectures, discussions and audio visual media presentation. Lectur es and discussions had conducted for the subjects (a) The definition of Green Economy and government policies relating to green economic concepts, (b) The purpose of green economy concepts, (c) Knowing the environmental damage due to non - application of gre en economy. (d) How to Applicated the green economic concepts in the student environment and society, (e) Simply application of the 3 pillars of the green economy (Reuse, Reduce and Recycle), (f) Introduction and empower the business opportunities in the era of green economy, (g) Introduction the practice of making edible water bottle as environmental friendly products and as an alternative replaced product for plastic cups used. The Evaluation technic of this community development activities carried out t o assess the succestiveness of this event had conducted in the form of giving pre and post test related the subject matter had discussed in this activity. This test is to determine the effect of this community development activities to give added value on knowledge and motivation of all participants to preparing the sudents as an e nvironmental friendly young entrepreneurship . Keywords : Green Economy, Entrepreneurship, Environmental Friendly. Abstrak Isu lingkungan hidup hingga saat ini menjadi perhatian penting bagi seluruh dunia seiring dengan banyaknya masalah yang mengancam lingkungan hidup manusia seperti global warming ," 1028 W3181928708.pdf 0 "Geosistemy perehodnykh zon = Geosystems of Transition Zones / Геосист емы переходных зон Content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) 2021, vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 153–166 URL: http://journal.imgg.ru/archive.html ; https://elibrary.ru/title_about.asp?id=64191 https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2021.5.2.153 -166 Study of fractured reservoirs during geological exploration in the north -eastern part of the Sakhalin Island Yuri V. Kostrov1, yvkostrov@snipi.rosneft.ru Vladislav A. Degtyarev1,2, https ://orcid .org/0000 -0001 -8922 -3654 , degtyarevvladislav96@yandex Anton V . Marinin3, https ://orcid .org/0000 -0002 -1099 -6492 , marinin@yandex.ru Eduard K. Khmarin1, ekkhmarin @snipi.rosneft .ru Pavel A. Kamenev2, https ://orcid .org/0000 -0002 -9934 -5855 , p.kamenev @imgg .ru 1LLC “RN -SakhalinNIPImorneft”, Yuzhno -Sakhalinsk, Russia 2Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, FEB RAS, Yuzhno -Sakhalinsk, Russia 3Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth , RAS, Moscow, Russia Abstract PDF ENG Резюме PDF RUS Full text PDF RUS Abstract. During a geological fieldworks in the northeast of Sakhalin Island in order to study the siliceous deposits of the Pilskaya formation and to develop a technique for locating oil deposits in unconventional fractured reservoirs, natural outcrops of Cenozoic deposits on the Schmidt Peninsula and in the Pogranichny depression were studie d. Samples were taken for analytical studies (geomechanical, geochemical, lithological, etc.), structural forms (folds, minor faults, slickensides, tension gashes, joints, shear fractures), which are indicators of tectonic deformations of the rock massive, were studied. It is shown that the intensity of fracturing strongly depends on the lithology, the position of the observation point relative to disjunctive and/or plicative structures. The direction of the joints varies depending on the position relative to the elements of the local folds and on the position of the block (with a small - block structure). According to the results of field observations it is shown, that the zone of intense dislocations has an extremely insignificant thickness usually the first tens of meters. An extremely nonuniformity of the stress field in the vicinity of the Pogranichniy depression is noted, which is reflected in the nature of the dipping planes, structural patterns and parageneses. In the northern part of the syncline, nume rous flowing oil shows associated with open fracturing are identified, which obviously indicates the extension regime that continues up to this day . Keywords: unconventional reservoirs, siliceous deposits, tectonic stress, deformations, slickensides, fracturing, geological fieldwork, Sakhalin Island For citation: Kostrov Yu. V., Degtyarev V.A., Marinin A.V., Khmarin E.K., Kamenev P.A. Study of fractured reservoirs during geological exploration in the north -eastern part of the Sakhalin Island. Geosistemy perehodnykh zon = Geosystems of Transition Zones , vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 153–166. (In Russ ., abstr . in Engl.). https ://doi.org/10.30730/ gtrz.2021.5.2.153 -166 Для цитиро вания: Костров Ю.В., Дегтярев В.А., Маринин А.В., Хмарин Э.К., Каменев П.А. Изучение трещинных коллекторов при проведении геологоразведочных работ в северо -восточной части о. Сахалин. Геосистемы переходных зон , 2021, т. 5, № 2, с. 153 –166. https ://doi.org/10.30730/ gtrz.2021.5.2.153 -166 References 1. Voeykova O.A., Nesmeyanov S.A., Serebryakova L.I. 2007. Neotektonika i aktivnye razlomy Sakhalina [Neotectonics and active faults of Sakhalin ]. Moscow: Nauka, 187 p. (In Russ.). 2. Gal’versen V.G., Evseev S.V., Konovalenko A.A., Khaybullina G.A. (comp.) 2016. [State geological map of Russian Federation on a scale of 1:200 000. Sakhalin series. Sheet M -54-XVIII (Pogranichnoe) ]: [Explanatory note. Second editi on]. Moscow: Moskovskiy filial FGBU «VSEGEI», 187 p. [Recommend for print by Rosnedra Scientific editorial board, December 1, 2009]. (In Russ.). 3. Geology of USSR . Vol. 33. Sakhalin Island . Geological description (ed. V.N. Vereshchagin). 1970. Moscow: Nedra, 432 p. 4. Gladenkov Yu.B., Bazhenova O.K., Grechin V.I., Margulis L.S., Sal’nikov B.A. 2002. [The Cenozoic of Sakhalin and its petroleum potential ]. Moscow: GEOS, 225 p. (In Russ.). 5. Dymovich V.A., Evseev S.V., Evseev V.F. et al. (comp.) 2016. [State geologic al map of Russian Federation on a scale of 1:1 000 000. State geological map of Russian Federation on a scale of 1:1 000 000. Third generation. Far East series. Sheet M -54 (Aleksandrovsk -Sakhalinskiy) ]: [Explanatory note]. Saint Petersburg: Kartografi chesk aya fabrika VSEGEI, 599 p. (In Russ.). https://www.vsegei.ru/ru/info/pub_ggk1000 -3/Dalnevostochnaya/m -54.php" 1029 W4280564096.pdf 5 "Materials Today Communications 31 (2022) 103654 6M.M. Allaham et al. name for v( 𝑥), so it is provisionally being called the principal field emission special mathematical function (but ‘‘v’’ for short). Previously, the mathematics of ‘‘v’’ has been formulated in terms of theNordheim parameter 𝑦, which (it can be shown) is equal to +√ 𝑥. It can be argued that, since 𝑥is the natural variable for use in the mathematics, the legacy practice of using the Nordheim parameter 𝑦 should (from the strictly mathematical point of view) now be regarded asmathematically perverse . In particular, it is NOT normal mathematical practice to look for a solution to a differential equation in terms of a function of the SQUARE ROOT of the independent variable in the equation. Normal practice is to look for a solution that USES the independent variable in the differential equation. It has also been argued that, in fact, the natural variable to use in an MG-type theory of current densities is the characteristic scaled- field𝑓Cdefined by Eq. (6), rather than the legacy convention of using the Nordheim parameter 𝑦. Both conventions should continue to be permissible, at least for the time being, but it can be argued that it is likely that experimentalists will in fact find that using 𝑓Cis a more powerful and flexible approach, particularly when discussing current–voltage measurements and theory. Thus, our strongly recommended ‘‘21st Century approach’’ is that the special mathematical function v( 𝑥) should be applied to MG theory, as for example set out in Eq. (8), by setting vF= v(𝑥=𝑓C). The mathematical proof that this is a correct procedure is lengthy and is currently spread over several papers, using a variety of notations. A short argument that this is correct is as follows. In the legacy approach it has been shown that ‘‘ 𝑦’’ in the modelling is the same parameter as ‘‘𝑦’’ in the basic mathematics. It follows that ‘‘ 𝑦2’’ in the modelling is the same as ‘‘ 𝑦2’’ in the basic mathematics. It follows that if we replace ‘‘𝑦2’’ in the mathematics by 𝑥and ‘‘𝑦2’’ in the modelling by 𝑓C, then the substitution procedure described above is a procedure compatible with the legacy approach. There remains a need for a full proper proof to be published in a single tutorial-type paper. The alternative approach is the legacy modelling convention in which we write vF= v(𝑥=𝑦2). Eq. (8) is written using the symbol vFin order to allow either convention to be used. Scaled planar FE equations . A further consequence of introducing the parameter 𝑓Cis that this allows the development of useful so- called scaled equations for kernel current densities. For the SN barrier, work-function-dependent scaling parameters for the exponent and pre- exponential, respectively, can be defined (using FE universal constants defined earlier) by 𝜂(𝜙)≡𝑏𝑐2 S𝜙−1∕2, (10) 𝜃(𝜙)≡𝑎𝑐−4 S𝜙3. (11) Algebraic manipulation of Eq. (8), using these equations and also Eq. (6), yields the scaled-format equation for the kernel current density for the SN barrier, namely 𝐽SN kC≡𝜃𝑓2 Cexp[ −v(𝑓C)⋅𝜂 𝑓C] , (12) Here, and below, the dependence of 𝜂and𝜃on work-function is not normally shown explicitly, but the dependence of ‘‘v’’ on 𝑓Cis now shown explicitly. A merit of this equation is that it contains only a single, direct, in- dependent variable. This makes mathematical manipulations, including differentiation, markedly easier. If this scaled equation is to be used to help interpret FE current– voltage measurements from electronically ideal systems, then a formula is needed that relates 𝑓Cto the measured voltage 𝑉m. This is achieved by using Eq. (21) below to define a parameter 𝑉mR, called the reference measured voltage (for the SN barrier), by 𝑉mR=𝐹SN R𝜁C, (13)where𝜁Cis (for an electronically ideal system) a system-specific char- acterization constant called the characteristic voltage conversion length (VCL) . For an electronically ideal system modelled using a SN barrier, 𝑉mRis the measured voltage needed to pull the top of the SN barrier down to the Fermi level. Applying a similar equation to the field-magnitude 𝐹Cyields 𝑓C=𝐹C 𝐹SN R=𝑉m∕𝜁C 𝑉mR∕𝜁C=𝑉m 𝑉mR. (14) Thus, for an electronically ideal system, 𝑓Cis also ‘‘scaled measured voltage’’ (and, for a LAFE, is also ‘‘scaled macroscopic field’’). The ‘‘simple good approximation’’ for v (𝑓C). As part of ‘‘21st Century’’ mathematical developments, several accurate (exactly equivalent) ex- pressions, and some high-quality mathematical approximations, have been developed for v( 𝑥). These are described elsewhere [25]. Of rel- evance here is the so-called simple good approximation vF06[25,26]: v(𝑓C) ≈ vF06= 1 −𝑓C+1 6𝑓Cln(𝑓C), (15) Over the range 0⩽𝑓C⩽1, where ‘‘v’’ takes values in the range 1≥v≥0, the maximum relative error in expression (15) is 0.33% and the maximum absolute error is 0.0024. If this expression is inserted into Eq. (12), algebraic re-arrangement leads to the expanded scaled format for the SN-barrier kernel current density, namely 𝐽SN kC≈𝜃𝑓(2−𝜂∕6) Cexp [𝜂] exp[ −𝜂 𝑓C] . (16) As shown below, this equation forms the basis for the construction of Murphy–Good plots. Note that the exponent exp [−𝜂∕𝑓C]also appears in the elemen- tary version of the 1928/29 FN FE equation. Thus, in this expanded scaled formulation, the whole of the difference between 1956 MG FE theory and elementary FE theory appears in the pre-exponential of the equations. This in turn affects the intercept of a data-analysis plot, and implies a need for accurate extraction of plot intercept values. 2.2. Data analysis plots and related issues Data input variables. As indicated above, our strong view is that by far the best choice for data input variables is to use the measured current and voltage and current {𝐼m,𝑉m}. This is because, for both ideal and non-ideal FE systems, these data are experimental facts , and are therefore scientifically valid items of information. However, other plot-variables are found in FE literature. For a LAFE, the macroscopic (or ‘‘LAFE-average’’) current density 𝐽M is defined by 𝐽M≡𝐼m 𝐴M, (17) where𝐴Mis the macroscopic or ‘‘footprint’’ area of the LAFE. This area 𝐴Mcan be independently measured, so the macroscopic current density 𝐽Mis a well-defined experimental parameter. Note that it is important that the subscript ‘‘M’’ (or ‘‘av’’) be added to the symbol for macroscopic current density. This is because, in real situations, emission comes only from the tips of individual emitters, and this ‘‘effective tip emission area’’ is only a small fraction of the ‘‘site area’’ (i.e., the footprint associated with a single emitter). Thus, the parameter 𝐽Mis much smaller than the characteristic local emission current densities ( 𝐽C) discussed earlier, perhaps sometimes by a factor as much as 109. Formal ways of dealing with this situation are discussed below. In FE literature, this distinction between local current densities and macroscopic current densities is often not made, and the same symbol 𝐽(and the same name ‘‘current density’’) are used for both: for 𝐽Min diagrams and for 𝐽Cin equations. This can lead to publication situations" 1030 W3099457041.pdf 1 "Recently, the interaction of quantum emitters with light fields that exhibit spin-orbit interaction has been observed in the strongly confined optical modes of whispering- gallery-mode (WGM) resonators [20,21] and nanoscale waveguides [22–24]. This opens the route towards a new class of nonreciprocal devices in which the quantum state of the emitter controls the light propagation in nano- photonic waveguides [25–27]. Moreover, by optically addressing the quantum emitters, these devices could be programmed and actively reconfigured. Nowadays, quan- tum emitters, like single atom s, molecules, quantum dots, or color centers, can be prepared and manipulated withhigh precision. This should, therefore, allow bottom-up engineering of nonreciprocal components, like diodes and circulators, from their microscopic constituents. Here, we demonstrate low-loss silica nanophotonic waveguides with a strongly nonreciprocal transmission controlled by the internal state of spin-polarized atoms. In a first experiment, an ensemble of atoms interacts with light guided in an optical nanofiber [28]. Here, each atom is weakly coupled to the waveguide. In a second experiment, the diode is controlled by a single atom that is strongly coupled to the waveguide by means of an ultrahigh-quality factor WGM bottle microresonator [20]. With the atomic ensemble, we measure an imbalance between the trans- missions in the forward and the backward direction as large as 8 dB for a few ten atoms, while it is 13 dB with the resonator-enhanced scheme. At the same time, the forward transmissions remain as high as 78% and 72%, respec- tively. Both experiments are carried out in an effective single-photon regime, i.e., a regime where every quantum emitter interacts with at most one photon at a time. II. CHIRAL INTERACTION BETWEEN ATOMS AND LIGHT A. Chiral photons in optical nanofibers Light that is transversally confined at the subwavelength scale can exhibit a significant polarization component along the propagation direction. The latter oscillates in phase quadrature with respect to the transverse components. Thus, confined quasilinearly polarized light exhibits a local spin that is transverse, i.e., orthogonal to the propagation direc- tion of the field [20,29] . This occurs, e.g., in the evanescent field that surrounds an optical nanofiber [23]; see Fig. 1(a). When the evanescent field propagates in the ðþzÞdirection, it is almost fully σ þpolarized if the yaxis is taken as the quantization axis. However, it is almost fully σ−polarized if it propagates in the ð−zÞdirection. This shows that photons in an evanescent field have chiral character: there is an inherent link between their local polarization and their propagation direction. In order to quantify this chiral character, we locally define an effective chirality χ¼ε⋅ðk=jkj×erÞ, where eris the normal vector of the surface and kis the wave vector,ε¼iðE/C3×EÞ=jEj2is the local ellipticity vector, or spin, and Eis the positive-frequency envelope of the electric field. In contrast to plane waves where this chirality is always zero,photons in evanescent fields have positive chirality, for boththeðþzÞ- and ð−zÞ-propagation directions. B. From chiral photons to nonreciprocal waveguides The chiral character of photons has been demonstrated in recent experiments by means of a polarization-dependentdirectional scattering by gold nanoparticles [30,31] , nano- tips[32], a silicon microdisk [33], quantum dots [22,24] , and atoms [23]. This chiral character and the resulting directional scattering are, however, not sufficient to realizenonreciprocal optical elements. For this purpose, Lorentzreciprocity [34]has to be broken. For example, in Faraday isolators, nonreciprocity stems from the change of the signof a magnetic field Bunder time reversal. In our experiment, we demonstrate that the chiral nature of photons can be exploited for the realization of an opticaldiode when the photons interact with spin-polarized atoms.Such atoms act as polarization-dependent scatterers, i.e., exhibit different interaction cross sections for σ þ- and σ−-polarized light. The resulting chiral interaction between the atoms and the guided light leads to nonreciprocal transmission as conceptually discussed in Refs. [25–27]. We note that the interaction cross sections for σþ- and σ−-polarized light, and thus their ratio, depend on the angular momentum quantum numbers of the atoms but noton the respective Landé gfactors [35]. The strength of the nonreciprocity is therefore independent of the magnitude ofthe involved magnetic moments and their associatedmagnetic fields. Our concept thus fundamentally differsfrom other isolator schemes because it relies on the atomicspin to break Lorentz reciprocity. (a) (b) FIG. 1. Chiral photons in evanescent fields coupled to spin- polarized atoms. (a) Polarization properties of the evanescentlight field that surrounds an optical nanofiber (gray). A light fieldthat propagates in the ðþzÞdirection and whose main polarization axis (double arrow) is along the xaxis is almost fully σ þpolarized (green solid arrows) in the ( y¼0) plane. If it propagates in the ð−zÞdirection, it is almost fully σ−polarized (blue dashed arrows). The quantization axis is chosen along y, i.e., orthogonal to the propagation direction. An atom (light blue sphere) placed ata distance rto the nanofiber surface couples to the evanescent field. (b) Relevant energy levels of the atom. The ground state jgi is coupled to the excited states je −1i,je0i, and jeþ1iviaσ−,π, andσþtransitions, respectively.CLÉMENT SAYRIN et al. PHYS. REV. X 5,041036 (2015) 041036-2" 1031 W1982220630.pdf 4 "12-Gomes GM, Calixto AL, Santos FA, Gomes OM, D’Alpino PH, Gomes JC. Hardness of a bleaching-shade resin composite polymerized withdifferent light-curing sources. Braz Oral Res. 2006;20(4):337-41. 13-Kurachi C, Tuboy AM, Magalhaes DV , Bagnato VS. Hardness evaluation of a dental composite polymerized with experimental LED-based devices. Dent Mater. 2001;17(4):309-15. 14-Lovell LG, Newman SM, Donaldson MM, Bowman CN. The effect of light intensity on double bond conversion and flexural strength of a model,unfilled dental resin. Dent Mater. 2003;19(6):458-65. 15-Mathis RS, Ferracane JL. Properties of a glass-ionomer/resin-composite hybrid material. Dent Mater. 1989;5(5):355-8. 16-Micelli F, Maffezzoli A, Terzi R, Luprano V A. Characterization of the kinetic behavior of resin modified glass-ionomer cements by DSC, TMAand ultrasonic wave propagation. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2001;12(2):151-6. 17-Miyazaki M, Hattori T, Ichiishi Y, Kondo M, Onose H, Moore BK. Evaluation of curing units used in private dental offices. Oper Dent.1998;23(2):50-4. 18-Mount GJ, Patel C, Makinson OF. Resin modified glass-ionomers: strength, cure depth and translucency. Aust Dent J. 2002;47(4):339-43. 19-Okte Z, Villalta P, Garcia-Godoy F, Garcia-Godoy F, Jr., Murray P. Effect of curing time and light curing systems on the surface hardness ofcompomers. Oper Dent. 2005;30(4):540-5. 20-Price RB, Ehrnford L, Andreou P, Felix CA. Comparison of quartz- tungsten-halogen, light-emitting diode, and plasma arc curing lights. JAdhes Dent. 2003;5(3):193-207. 21-Rafeek RN. The effects of heat treatment on selected properties of a conventional and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. J Mater SciMater Med. 2008;19(5):1913-20. 22-Rueggeberg F. Contemporary issues in photocuring. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 1999;25:S4-S15. 23-Rueggeberg FA, Blalock JS, Callan RS. LED curing lights—what’s new? Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2005;26(8):586, 588, 590-1. 24-Rueggeberg FA, Caughman WF, Curtis JW Jr, Davis HC. Factors affecting cure at depths within light-activated resin composites. Am JDent. 1993;6(2):91-5. 25-Soh MS, Yap AU, Siow KS. The effectiveness of cure of LED and halogen curing lights at varying cavity depths. Oper Dent. 2003;28(6):707-15. 26-Tolosa MC, Paulillo LA, Giannini M, Santos AJ, Dias CT. Influence of composite restorative materials and light-curing units on diametricaltensile strength. Braz Oral Res. 2005;19(2):123-6. 27-Uhl A, Sigusch BW, Jandt KD. Second generation LEDs for the polymerization of oral biomaterials. Dent Mater. 2004;20(1):80-7. 28-Yap AU, Soh MS. Thermal emission by different light-curing units. Oper Dent. 2003;28(3):260-6. 29-Young AM. FTIR investigation of polymerization and polyacid neutralization kinetics in resin-modified glass-ionomer dental cements.Biomaterials. 2002;23(15):3289-95. 154CEFALY D F G, MELLO L L C P de, WANG L, LAURIS J R P, D’ALPINO P H P" 1032 W2805935222.pdf 272 "2437 . THE HAWAIIAN ACHIEvEMENT IN CoMPARATIvE PERSPECTIvE Bay. Cook was clearly associated with Lono, the most popular god in the family shrines of commoners as well as the focus of the makahiki.54 While there has been debate on whether Cook was viewed as Lono or a dangerous rival chief, there is no doubt that the memory of Cook–Lono was incorporated into the Hawaiian world view. Some days after Cook’s death, priests of Lono asked when ‘Erono’ would return. 55 When European contacts were renewed in 1786, the belief in the imminent return of Cook as Lono makua remained. Evidence from the 1790s and 1800s shows that Cook was incorporated into the Hawaiian pantheon and formally worshipped as a royal cult. His worship echoed that given to Lono makua during the makahiki. 56 The English seaman William Mariner learnt from Hawaiians in Tonga during his forced residence there that: His bones (the greater part of which they still have in their possession!) they devoutly hold sacred. They are deposited in a house consecrated to a god, and are annually carried in a procession to many other consecrated houses, before each of which they are laid on the ground, and the priest returns thanks to the gods for having sent so great a man. 57 This passage implies that Cook was perceived as an agent of Hawaiian gods. All great gods were foreign. European goods may also have been rationalised within the existing order as Mariner was also told that gods sent Cook ‘to civilise them’. 58 Cook–Lono also seems to have been perceived as acting like a Hawaiian god. Over a decade after Cook’s death, Captain James Colnett found that two recent volcanic eruptions in the Kailua area of Hawai‘i Kona and a new illness were attributed to divine anger for the death of Cook. The association with volcanism relates to Lono’s association with lightning. As fire in the sky, lightning was a manifestation of Lono’s association with the family of Pele. 59 Colnett’s observations are also interesting for his informants’ association of  introduced diseases with the gods. Kamehameha’s consolidation of power was aided by natural hazards and introduced disease, which resulted in an unplanned demilitarisation of the islands. His attempted invasion of Kaua‘i in 1796 was thwarted when much of his fleet was capsized between O‘ahu and Kaua‘i. By 1804 Kamehameha was ready to attack 54 Sahlins (1989), p. 413; and Kahananui (1984), p. 173. 55 King, in Beaglehole (1967), 3:1, pp. 560–61. 56 Sahlins (1989), pp. 377–86, 389. 57 Mariner, in Martin (1981), p. 280. 58 Mariner, in Martin (1981), p. 280. 59 Sahlins (1989), p. 379." 1033 W2066737901.pdf 7 "Cheetah-Human Conflict Elucidated by Stable Isotopes PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 8 August 2014 | Volume 9 | Issue 8 | e101917" 1034 W4362539652.pdf 12 "13 H-I, Representative plots showing kinetic analyses of the activity of CDA (H) and AST (I) in plasma collected from portal and hepatic veins. Three curves were shown for the normal and leukemic groups. J, BM and Liver LSC percentage in leukemic mice shown in Fig. 6 J. Error bars denote mean ± SD.*p<0.05 , ****p<0.00005 . " 1035 W1979641548.pdf 0 "762 ROBINSON : A SYNTHESIS OF TROPINONE. T,SIII.---A Synthesis of Fropinone. By ROBERT ROBINSON. AMONG the noteworthy achievements of Willstatter in connexion with his investigation of the chemistry of tropine, there was nothing that contributed a greater share to the final solution of the problems encountered than the demonstration of the constitution of tropinone, a ketone first produced in 1896 (Will- statter, Ber., 1896, 29, 396; Ciamician and Silber, ?:bid., 490) by the oxidation of tropine, and later by a similar method from ecgonine (Willstatter, Bey., 1898, 3 1, 2655). This substance has become the central figure in the atropine group of the alkaloids, and, as shown below, may be regarded as the natural startiqg point in the Fynthetical preparation of a number of bases of great value in the practice of medicine and surgery. Downloaded by University of Guelph on 02 September 2012 Published on 01 January 1917 on http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/CT9171100762 View Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue" 1036 W4312630982.pdf 12 " JURNAL TUNAS PENDIDIKAN e ISSN -2621 -1629 Vol. 5. No. 1 (Oktober 202 2) http://ejournal.stkip -mmb.ac .id/index.php/pgsd/logi n 20 memiliki tanggung jawab terhadap kewajibannya sebagai mahasiswa. Sedangkan karakteristik mahasiswa AKN berkaitan dengan sikap bela negara adalah mengetahui kewajibannya sebagai warga negara serta memiliki moral yang baik, dan disertai keterampilan at au skills sesuai bidang keilmuannya pada masing - masing program studi yang ada di AKN Aceh Barat. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Ahmad, Kasman Hi dan Herman Oesman. (2000). Damai Yang terkoyak: Catatan Kelam dari Bumi Halmahera . Maluku Utara:Madani Press. Bunyamin, Maftuh, . (2008). Internalisasi Nilai -Nilai Pancasila dan Nasionalisme Melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Educationist Vol. II No. 2 Juli 2008. Bourke, L., Bamber, P., dan Lyons, M. 2012. “ Global Citizens: Who Are They?”, dalam Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 7 (2), hlm. 161 -174. Dudley, D. (2015). Civil –Military Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina: State Legitimacy and Defense Institutions. Armed Forces & Society, 42(1), 119 –144. Moleong, L. J. (2002). Metodo logi Penelitian Kualitatif . Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Mishael, Georgy dkk. (2016). Kebijakan Operasi Militer Tentara Nasional Indonesia Terhadap Organisasi Papua Merdeka dalam Perspektif Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Diponegoro Law Review, Jurnal Vol 5, No (2). 1 - 11. Rahz, Muhammad Hidayat dkk. (1999). Menuju Masyarakat Terbuka: Lacak Jejak Pembaruan Sosial di Indonesia . Yogyakarta: Ashoka Indonesia. Rahayu, N. S., & Yuniwati, I. (2019). Workshop Wawasan Kebangsaan dan Bela Negara Oleh Resimen Mahasiswa Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Tindakan Radikalisme di Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi . Seminar Nasional Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan, 64–68. Subagyo, A. (2015). Bela Negara: peluang dan Tantangan di Era Globalisasi . Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. Setiono, K. Y. (2 017). Bela Negara Dalam Perspektif Strategi dan Kebijakan Pertahanan Negara . Wira media informasi:kementerian pertahanan. Usman, H., & Akbar, P. S. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Sosial . Jakarta: PT Bumi Aksara Ulfah, R. A., Prasetyo, D., & Marzuki. (2018 ). Pengaruh Model PBM dalam Pembelajaran PPKn terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Sikap Demokratis. Jurnal Citizenship , 6(2), 125 –139. Widodo, S. (2011). Implementasi Bela Negara Untuk Mewujudkan Nasionalisme. Jurnal CIVICS , I(1), 18 –31 " 1037 W4200476889.pdf 27 "A/Chicken/Hubei/147/2018 T . .G . .G. . E E . S . ........T. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Hubei/149/2018 . D T G R .GE T . . D . R G...... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Hubei/251/2018 . D T G R .GD . . . E . R G...... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Shandong/C54/2018 . D T G R ..D . . . E . R G.......T. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Hubei/95/2018 T . . . . ... . E E . S . ....... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Shandong/C82/2018 . D T G R .GD . . . E . R G.......T. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Hubei/261/2018 . D T G R .GD . . . E . R G...... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Hubei/80/2018 T . . . . ... . E E . S . ........T. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Hubei/160/2018 . D T G R .GE T . . D . R G...... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Shandong/C107/2018 . D T G R .GD . . . E . R G...... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Shandong/C169/2018 . D T G R .GD . . . E . R G...... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Jiangxi/C15/2018 . D T N R DGN T . . D . R ....... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Shandong/C79/2018 . D T G R .GD . . . E . R G...... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Environment/Jiangxi/E15/2018 . D T N R DGN T . . D . R ....... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Jiangxi/C19/2018 . D T N R DGN T . . D . R ....... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Shandong/C80/2018 . D T G R .GD . . . E . R G ...... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Jiangxi/C16/2018 . D T N . DGN T . . D . R ....... .. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Hubei/146/2018 T . . . . ... . E E . S . ........T. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C A/Chicken/Hubei/78/2018 T . . . . ... . E E . S . ........T. 0 ... ...CSK ...GS C PeerJ reviewing PDF | (2020:07:50819:2:0:NEW 2 Sep 2021) Manuscripttobereviewed" 1038 W4322708196.pdf 0 "The effect of negativ e temperatures on the retaining walls of deep pits Sergey Metelkin1*, Vladimir Paramonov1 Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, 190031 Saint Petersburg, Russia Abstract . In countries with negative winter temperatures, pits and walls of underground structures are subjected to additional forces caused by frost heaving forces. In Russian construction practice, cases of the impact of such forces on the struts and anchors of construction walls are known, which led to the loss of stability of the struts and the failure of the anchors. Obviously, the design of retaining walls in winter should take into account the effect of additional forces caused by frost heaving and their evolution over time. The solution of test problems for an open pit shows that under certain conditions, the forces in the struts can exceed their values by an order of magnitude, determined when taking into account only the active pressure of the soil. Experimental studies were carried out to assess the processes of development of forces in the elements of the retaining walls in winter. The calculated assessment of the temperature fields and the stress-strain state in the excavation walls was performed using the Termoground program. The comparison of results of experimental and calculated data are shown in the article. The comparison of results of experimental and calculated data is shown in the article. 1 Introduction At present, in conditions of dense urban development, the construction of underground structures is increasingly being carried out to accommodate parking lots, shopping malls, pedestrian crossings, road junctions, etc. In many cities of the world, this task is successfully implemented due to appropriate geotechnical conditions. A number of cities, including St. Petersburg, belong to regions with difficult conditions for the construction of underground structures, such as thixotropic fluid soils, a large number of faults in the underlying strata, as well as the proximity of groundwater to the surface, the presence of natural reservoirs within the city (rivers, canals), congestion of underground utilities and other adverse factors [1-4] . Also, the engineering-geological conditions of St. Petersburg are characterized by the presence of a thick layer (15 - 20 m) of weak clayey soils of fluid or fluid -plastic consistency. With low strength, these soils have a relatively high density, which provides high pressure on the walls of underground structures. Under favorable geotechnical conditions such as high mechanical characteristics of soils, low groundwater levels, the absence of buildings and structures in the risk zone, the * Corresponding author: s.metelkin@bk.ru 1E3S Web of Conferences 371, 02006 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337102006 AFE-2022 © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)." 1039 W4381598707.pdf 0 "Whole-Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus marchantiae Isolated from the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis Ecotype BoGa Anja Meierhenrich ,a,b Bianca Frommer ,a,b Wiebke Halpape ,a,b Marvin Hildebrandt ,aIsabell E. Bleile ,c Judith Helmig ,d Sabine Zachgo ,d Andrea Bräutigam ,a,b Bart Verwaaijena,b,e aComputational Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany bComputational Biology, Centre of Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany cMolecular Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany dBotany, School of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany eDepartment of Genetics, Martin-Luther-University-Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany ABSTRACT The bacterium Paenibacillus marchantiae was isolated from male plants of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis ecotype BoGa. Here, we report on the complete genome sequence generated from long Nanopore reads. The genome sequence comprises 6,983,959 bp with a GC content of 46.02% and 6,195 predicted protein- coding genes. Species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus are rod-shaped and Gram-positive, Gram- variable, or Gram-negative bacteria with an aerobic or facultative anaerobic lifestyle (1, 2). Until today, 285 species are known (3). Back in 1993, the genus was formed from a subgroup of bacilli using 16S rRNA (2). Representatives of Paenibacillus have been found in various places, such as in animals (4), rhizospheres (5), leaves (6), and soil (7). Some are known to sup-port plant growth, for example by nitrogen fixation (8), enabling iron uptake by siderophores (9) or through their antimicrobial resistance (10). Male Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis ecotype BoGa plants (11) were grown in petri dishes on half-strength Gamborg ’s medium (Gamborg B5; Duchefa Biochemie B.V., Netherlands) at room temperature under 16-h/8-h day-night conditions. The cetyltrimethylam-monium bromide (CTAB) method was applied for DNA extraction using whole plants (12). DNA quality was checked with the Invitrogen Qubit 4 fluorometer (Thermo Fisher Scienti fic Inc., USA). To prepare DNA for sequencing, the short read eliminator kit (PacBio, USA) andthe ligation sequencing genomic DNA (gDNA) kit (SQK-LSK109-XL; Oxford NanoporeTechnologies [ONT], Oxford, UK) were used. For sequencing, one R9.4.1 and one R10.0 flow cell were run on a GridION platform, and base calling was performed with the high-accuracy model (MinKNOW v1.4.3; all from ONT). All programs were run with default parameters unless otherwise speci fied. Genomic reads were checked for contaminations with BLASTN searches (13) against the NCBI nucleotide collection database, and reads matching Paenibacillus genome assemblies were filtered (NCBI; Organism “Paenibacillus ”;D a t a b a s e “Assembly ”;B L A S T 2.8.11;Ev a l u e ,0.001) ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly ).Paenibacillus marchantiae genome assembly was performed with Canu (v2.2) (14 ) assuming a genome size of 7.0 Mbp. Racon (v1.4.20) (15), Minimap2 (v2.22-r1101; parameter “–ax map-ont ”) (16), and Medaka (v1.4.3; parameter “-m r941_min_high_g360 ”; ONT) were used for polishing, and Berokka (v0.2.3) ( https://github.com/tseemann/berokka ) was run for overlap trimming. The assembly resulted in one circular contig (6,983,959 bp; GC content of 46.02%) (Table 1 ). Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) (v5.4.3; database “bacillales_odb10 ”) (17) and CheckM (v1.2.2) (18) were applied to check assembly quality resulting in 0.097%contamination and 99.84% assembly completeness. A total of 6,195 protein-coding genesEditor Simon Roux, DOE Joint Genome Institute Copyright © 2023 Meierhenrich et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the termsof the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license . Address correspondence to Anja Meierhenrich, anja.meierhenrich@uni-bielefeld.de. The authors declare no con flict of interest. Received 10 May 2023 Accepted 9 June 2023 Month YYYY Volume XX Issue XX 10.1128/mra.00354-23 1GENOME SEQUENCES Downloaded from https://journals.asm.org/journal/mra on 27 June 2023 by 129.70.43.49. " 1040 W2576239192.pdf 3 "274 VÉRTICES, Campos dos Goytacazes/ RJ, v.14, n. Especial 1, p. 271-278, 2012Maria Inês Albernaz Kuryde mudanças nos projetos educacionais, referentes à formação de trabalhadores que atendam a este novo panorama mundial, relacionado ao processo de globalização. Dessa forma, são muito importantes os benefícios gerados pelo intercâmbio de alunos, professores e técnicos administrativos com instituições parceiras de outros países. Além disso, os projetos de cooperação internacional permitem um conhecimento mútuo em pesquisas, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias, sistemas de ensino e formação pedagógica, além de gerar visibilidade internacional às ações dos Institutos Federais brasileiros. Diante desse quadro, espera-se construir uma unidade em torno das ações estratégicas de Relações Internacionais dos Institutos Federais, otimizando todo o potencial que existe no relacionamento da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica com as Instituições de outros países. No caso das dimensões continentais brasileiras, as Relações Internacionais representam um estímulo para compreender como a proximidade espacial convive com grandes diferenças relativas à formação histórica e à composição sócio-cultural dos diferentes países e sub-regiões da América do Sul. Para isso, é fundamental que sejam criados laços fronteiriços com os diversos países da região. No que tange à Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, é papel dos Institutos Federais promover a integração regional, desenvolvendo políticas específicas de cooperação e intercâmbio. Assim, compreende-se que as Relações Internacionais representam instrumento fundamental para a melhoria da Educação, que se constitui elemento imprescindível para o desenvolvimento econômico e social do país. (...)Os Institutos Federais devem desenvolver a cooperação científica e tecnológica no sentido de ampliar a qualidade da pesquisa. O desenvolvimento da ciência e da tecnologia sempre ocorreu no âmbito da cooperação internacional. É imprescindível que se atue de forma conjunta, a fim de efetuar contribuições para o progresso da ciência e da tecnologia. Portanto, é necessário incentivar o trabalho de grupos de pesquisa em redes internacionais, especialmente, considerando a indissociabilidade do ensino, da pesquisa e da extensão. Este desenvolvimento terá repercussão, também, na qualidade do ensino profissional e tecnológico, e na capacitação dos professores e dos técnicos administrativos." 1041 W4311031100.pdf 2 "Caveião et al. Quality of floral stems of different gladiolus cultivars grown in a subtropical environment 23 programming language. In the case of qualitative classification, descriptive statistics were performed. Results and discussion Stem length was influenced by the different gladiolus cultivars studied (P=0.0048) (Table 1). The highest values were found for the cultivars White Friendship and Jester, with an average of 1.07 m. In the case of pendulum length was also affected by the different cultivars of gladiolus cultivated (P=0.0152) (Table 1). The highest value observed occurred for the cultivar White Friendship. On the other hand, the lowest value was observed for the cultivar Red Beauty. Table 1. Total stem length, pendant length, stem diameter , and number of florets per spike as a function of different gladiolus cultivars Cultivar Total stem length (m) Stem length (m) Stem diameter (cm) Number of florets per spike Jester 1,07a 0,47ab 1,13a 16,47a Red Beauty 0,92b 0,43b 1,03b 13,83b White Friendship 1,08a 0,52a 1,14a 16,1 Averages followed by the same letters in the column do not differ by the LSD test at 5% probability of error. In the case of the commercial classification of the stems according to length (Figure 2) , there was a great difference among the cultivars evaluated. For Jester and White Friendship approximately 90% of the stems were in the 90 or 110 class. In the case of Red Beauty, a large percentage of the stems were in the 75 and 90 classes. Figure 2. Commercial classification of the cultivars White Friendship, Red Beauty and Jester according to stem length. The quality of gladiolus stems is highly related to the total length of the stem. According to Veiling Holambra (2013) for the minimum standard for commercialization, gladiolus stems need to present a ratio between stem length:stem length greater than 0.4. In this case, most of the stems presented a standard for commercialization, and all evaluated stems, 89.5% of the Jester cultivar, 97.4% of Red Beauty , and 97.4% of White Friendship were within the standard. In this case, this standard guarantees a produc t with a harmonic proportion between the portion without flowers and the stem, which makes it aesthetically pleasing (Schwab et al., 2015). The differences found in the values of the total length of the stem and of the pendulum may express the responses to climatic factors during the experiment, especially the average temperatures between 8 ºC and 25 ºC that occurred during the vegetative phase. The cultivars White Friendship and Jester developed their stalk during the hottest days of the experimental perio d, between April 26, 2020 and May 08, 2020. On the other hand, the cultivar Red Beauty faced lower temperatures (Figure 1). This factor is related to the cycle of each of the cultivars (early and intermediate II). According to Uhlmann et al. (2017) , the op timal temperature for development in the vegetative phase is 27ºC, and temperatures below 15ºC are harmful in this phase of development (Severino, 2007). Pereira (2014) in his work found average values of gladiolus stem length for the White 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 75 90 110 Stem percentage (%) Commercial grade - Stem length White Friendship Red Beauty Jester" 1042 W4308844551.pdf 16 "17364 8. Bashorun A, Nguku P, Kawu I, Ngige E, Ogundiran A, Sabitu K, et al. A 365 description of HIV prevalence trends in Nigeria from 2001 to 2010: what is the 366 progress, where is the problem? Pan Afr Med J. 2014;18 Suppl 1:3. 367 9. Ghebre RG, Grover S, Xu MJ, Chuang LT, Simonds H. Cervical cancer control in 368 HIV-infected women: Past, present and future. Gynecol Oncol Rep. 2017 369 Aug;21:101–8. 370 10. Moon TD, Silva-Matos C, Cordoso A, Baptista AJ, Sidat M, Vermund SH. 371 Implementation of cervical cancer screening using visual inspection with acetic 372 acid in rural Mozambique: successes and challenges using HIV care and 373 treatment programme investments in Zambé zia Province. 2012; Available from: 374 http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.15.2.17406 375 11. WHO. Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public 376 health problem [Internet]. 2020. Available from: http://apps.who.int/bookorders. 377 12. World Health Organisation. Costing the National Strategic Plan on Prevention and 378 Control of Cervical Cancer: Nigeria, 2017–2021. 2020; 379 13. Chung MH, Mckenzie KP, de Vuyst H, Richardson BA, Rana F, Pamnani R, et al. 380 Comparing Papanicolau smear, visual inspection with acetic acid and human 381 papillomavirus cervical cancer screening methods among HIV-positive women by 382 immune status and antiretroviral therapy. 2013; 383 14. Okunade KS, Adejimi AA, John-Olabode SO, Oshodi YA, Oluwole AA. An 384 Overview of HPV Screening Tests to Improve Access to Cervical Cancer 385 Screening Amongst Underserved Populations: From Development to 386 Implementation. Risk Manag Healthc Policy [Internet]. 2022 Sep;Volume . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review)preprint The copyright holder for this this version posted November 11, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.10.22282170doi: medRxiv preprint" 1043 W1967232428.pdf 11 "Tânia M. B. Santos & Jorge de Lucas Júnior Eng. 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STOUT, B.A. Handbook of energy for world agriculture. New York: Elsevier Science, 1990. 504 p. ULBANERE, R.C. Análise dos balanços energético e econômico relativa à produção e perdas de grãos de milho no Estado de São Paulo. 1988. 127 f. Tese (Doutorado em Energia na Agricultura) - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, 1988." 1044 W4232075959.pdf 14 "Page 15/241885. https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.22432. 43. Bordone L, Guarente L. Calorie restriction, SIRT1 and metabolism: understanding longevity[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2005, 6(4):298-305. http://www.nature.com/doi" 1045 W4247351045.pdf 10 "Page 11/1940. Mottaz A, David FP, Veuthey AL, Yip YL. Easy retrieval of single amino-acid polymorphisms and phenotype information using SwissVar. Bioinformatics. 2010;26(6):851-2. https://swissvar.expasy.org/. Accessed 10 May, 2018. 41. 1000 Genomes Project Consortium, Auton A, Brooks LD, Durbin RM, Garrison EP, Kang HM, et al. 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Nat Protoc. 2009;4:1073-81. http://sift.jcvi.org/www/SIFT_enst_submit.html. Accessed 13 May, 2018. 4" 1046 W4235983626.pdf 0 "o\THEPHYSICIAN'S Z POTASSIUM METABOLISM INHEALTH ANDDIS- EASE. Howard L.Holley, M.D.,Department ofMedicine, University ofAlabama; andWarner W.Carlson, Ph.D., Department ofBiochemistry, University ofAlabama.Grune andStratton, NewYork,1955.131pages,$4.50. Although thereislittlethatisnewinthismonograph, the normalcontrolofpotassium metabolism, andthefactorsin diseasewhichmayalterbodypotassium levelsarepresented moderately well.Incertainareastheauthorsdonotappear tohavehadbroadgrassroots'experience withcertaintypes ofpotassium andelectrolyte problems. Inaddition, therole ofpotassium inenzymatic activities relatedtoglucoseand proteinmetabolism, andtheinterrelationships ofpotassium withotherions,arestressed. Clinicalsymptomatology and findings, pluselectrocardiographic changesofhighandlow serumpotassium levels,and/ordecreased totalbodypotas- siumarepresented well.Theweakest partofthemono- graphisthesectionontreatment ofpotassium deficitswhich showslackofextensive experience inthecorrection ofsuch deficits,particularly bytheparenteral intravenous route. *** PUBLIC RELATIONS INMEDICAL PRACTICE. James E.Bryan, Administrator, Medical-Surgical PlanofNew Jersey; Formerly Executive Officer, theMedical SocietyofNewJersey, Chairman oftheMedical Society Execu- tivesConference. TheWilliams &Wilkins Company, Bal- timore, 1955.301pages,$5.00. Sincethethirdgeneration ofAdamandEve'soffspring, homosapienshasbeenblestorbesetwithrelations. Inthe oldendaystheywerereferred toasrichorpoor,butinthe twentieth century alargenumber aremadeupofthat peculiar entityknownas""public."" Publicrelations carries ahostofdefinitions, thesimplest onebeing""reputation.""Reputation maybebuiltorpurchased, theformerenduring andthelatterevanescent. ""Thetraditional ethicsofthe profession, itsancientidealofservice,itsnoblecodeof conduct-these aretheimmutable foundations uponwhich anypublicrelations program mustbebased.""Theauthor usesthesewordsinhisintroduction andreferstothem manytimesinthesucceeding chapters. Thepersonalrelationship ofdoctorandpatient,thefinan- cialrelationship, theethical,socialandinstitutional rela- tionships ofthephysician withhiscolleagues aredealtwith. Therelationship ofphysicians withprepaidmedical care plansandfinallytherelationships ofthephysician with himselfaredealtwith. Thereading isnotlight,butthereisnodoubtthatthis bookconstitutes amineofusefulinformation fortheyoung physician. TheauthorisAdministrator oftheBlueShield PlaninNewJerseyandwasformerly theExecutive Secre- taryoftheMedicalSocietyofWestchester Countyformany years.Hewriteswithclarityandsincerity. Afrankdiscus- sionofcorporate practice ofmedicine whichappears in chapter ninewillbeofparticular interesttoallphysicians inCalifornia, notablythoseonthefulltimestaffsofnon- profitprivatehospitals.""Thetendency ofcertainhospitals toengagefulltime salariedphysicians andsurgeons incommunities wherethe profession hasadequate personnel toprovideequallycom- petentstaffonavisitingbasisclearlyinterferes withthe normalopportunities ofphysicians toachieveleadership and recognition according totheirprofessional abilities...The physician, likeanyotherman,cannotservetwomasters. If heisanemployee ofthehospital, hemustfirstdothebid- dingofthehospital, andthenheisnolongerprimarily the servantofthepatient.Itseemstomethatsuchpractices are badforthepatientinthelongrun."" Theauthorfurtherstates,""Idonotseehowanyonecould seriously arguethatitwouldbenefitthepeopleifthecon- trolofmedical practice weretopassoutofthehandsof medicalpractitioners andintothehandsofhospitals. Yet, thatistheinevitable resultofsuchatendency asweare nowwitnessing insomelargemedical centers...The responsibility oftheindividual physician totheindividual patientisdirect,unassignable, inescapable andindivisible. Itissupported andenforced bylawandbyuniversal public opinion.""*** TEXTBOOK OFCHIROPODY-Second Edition. Mar- garetJ.McKenzie Swanson, B.Litt., F.Ch.S., Co-Founder ofEdinburgh FootClinic andSchool ofChiropody. The Williams andWilkins Company, Baltimore, 1954.268 pages, $5.00. Thisbookis,asthetitlestates,primarily atextbook of chiropody forstudents ofchiropody. Inthatsenseitisquite complete andwellillustrated. Theauthormakesnoattempt tocoverthemedicalaspectsoffootdisease.Minorlesions whichcanbetreatedbythechiropodist arewelldescribed aswellasorthodox methods appliedbychiropody tocor- recttheselesions.Thetreatment ofclubfeetisnotdis- cussednorarethevarioussurgical procedures available forcorrecting footdisability considered. *** THECITYOFHOPE. Samuel H.Golter. G.P.Put- nam's Sons,210Madison Ave.,NewYork, N.Y.,1954. 177pages, $3.50. Thisisthestoryofthedevelopment ofthehospital at Duarte,nearLosAngeles, forthecareofpersonswith tuberculosis andcancer.According totheauthor,about40 yearsagoayoungmanofJewishextraction diedofpul- monaryhemorrhage inastreetinLosAngeles andfollow- ingthatincident fundswerecollected tohouseotherunfor- tunatepersonssuffering frompulmonary tuberculosis. ""In 1913twotentsweresetup,oneforpatients, theotherfora nurse...suchwerethehumbleandhumanitarian begin- ningsoftheCityofHope.""Thebookisintheformofaletterfromtheauthortohis daughter; itdealswiththeauthor'searlylifeintheEastern partoftheUnitedStatesandtheninLosAngeles. Ittells thestoryoftheextension oftheworkofthehospital from thecareoftuberculosis tothecareofcancer.Theauthor 56 CALIFORNIA MEDICINE" 1047 W4243218009.pdf 9 "EXOTIC BUTTERFLIES orpho kecuha, The Sun Butterfly 3/5 N atural size" 1048 W4213048060.pdf 5 "Materials 2022 ,15, 1507 6 of 14 Materials 2022 , 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 14 force increased with extend ed holding time s, indicating that a short holding time is bene- ficial to extrusion forming. The punch had a certain stroke displacement during the hold- ing time due to creep. Figure 5. Extrusion force, temperature, and stroke displacement curves during the hot extrusion at different holding times. ( a) 5 s; ( b) 60 s; ( c) 120 s; and (d) 180 s. 3.2. The Effect of Holding Time on the Microstr ucture Evolution of Billets The holding time caused difference s in the microstructure which affected the extru- sion force further. In order to understand the influence of the microstructure characteris- tics on the extrusion force, Figure 6 shows the billet m icrostructure at the end of each holding time under a steady clamping force of 30 Kgf. Interestingly, the billet showed three different microstructures. The prior β grain sizes in the Ⅱ region were larger than that of the Ⅲ region when holding for 5 s, 60 s, and 120 s. By contrast, there were only two kinds of microstructures after holding for 180 s; the grain distribution in the Ⅱ region was uniform beside a few small -sized recrystallized β grains. These results can be attr ibuted to the storage energy of the original billet with a high density of LAGBs (Figure 1) [29], which provided the driving force for recrystallization in the longer hold period (180 s). The recrystallized grains gr ew rapidly at a high temperature (1200 °C) and were accom- panied by some small secondary recrystallized grains. In contrast , there was no recrystal- lization with holding times of 5 s or 60 s and there were a few initial recrystallized grains at 120 s . In each case, the lack of recrystallization was due to insufficient holding time . Moreover, the thickness of the Ι region increased with the extension of the holding time; the same was seen in the Ⅱ region for holding times from 5 s to 120 s. Figure 5. Extrusion force, temperature, and stroke displacement curves during the hot extrusion at different holding times. ( a) 5 s; ( b) 60 s; ( c) 120 s; and ( d) 180 s. 3.2. The Effect of Holding Time on the Microstructure Evolution of Billets The holding time caused differences in the microstructure which affected the extrusion force further. In order to understand the influence of the microstructure characteristics on the extrusion force, Figure 6 shows the billet microstructure at the end of each holding time under a steady clamping force of 30 Kgf. Interestingly, the billet showed three different microstructures. The prior grain sizes in the II region were larger than that of the III region when holding for 5 s, 60 s, and 120 s. By contrast, there were only two kinds of microstructures after holding for 180 s; the grain distribution in the II region was uniform beside a few small-sized recrystallized grains. These results can be attributed to the storage energy of the original billet with a high density of LAGBs (Figure 1) [ 29], which provided the driving force for recrystallization in the longer hold period (180 s). The recrystallized grains grew rapidly at a high temperature (1200C) and were accompanied by some small secondary recrystallized grains. In contrast, there was no recrystallization with holding times of 5 s or 60 s and there were a few initial recrystallized grains at 120 s. In each case, the lack of recrystallization was due to insufficient holding time. Moreover, the thickness of the I region increased with the extension of the holding time; the same was seen in the II region for holding times from 5 s to 120 s. As shown in Figure 7, the I region contained high-density particles with an average grains size of 3.06 m. According to the line scanning results, these grains were rich in C and Ti elements. Upon further analysis using quantitative element detection by EMPA- WDS, the average content of C in these grains was 41.2%. Thus, these gains were TiC based on the equilibrium Ti-C phase diagram [ 30], and the C originated from the graphite punch. Figure 8 presents the billet’s temperature distribution at the end of the holding time. The temperature was generated by Joule heating. It was found that the temperature gradually decreased from the billet’s upper center to the sides. The billet exhibited a radial temperature gradient due to radiation from the outer graphite mold surface. At the billet’s upper surface, the center and edge temperature difference was 62C. Relevant literature [ 31] also revealed that the radial temperature gradient inside the TiN sample was 79C during the final dwell period at 1500C. Meanwhile, the longitudinal temperature gradient inside the billet was 230C higher than the radial temperature. The cause of the longitudinal temperature gradient has two aspects. On the one hand, due to the electrical current density, the billet’s upper surface was in contact with the graphite punch, while the lower end face was in a free state (Figure 2a). On the other hand, contact resistance" 1049 W4235992928.pdf 0 "Celebrating 10 years of Chemical Science Welcome to the rst of our special anni- versary issues planned for this year,marking 10 years since Chemical Science published its rst issue, back in July 2010. We wanted to use these special birthday issues to recognise and thank members of our community who have been supporting the journal andpublishing in Chemical Science since we launched ten years ago. So we haveinvited these authors to take part in theseissues, by publishing their latest discov-eries with us. Looking to the future, wehave combined this with inviting a selec- tion of researchers who are closer to the beginning of their careers, and who arenew to publishing in Chemical Science .We hope that you enjoy reading this selection of articles, and that we cancontinue to provide an open and inclu-sive venue for both groups of researchersfor many years to come. This is also an opportunity to say thank you to all our reviewers of the journal and to our fantastic Editorial Board and Advisory Board members,both past and present, who have allcontributed to the journal over the pastten years. During the planning of these issues, looking back to 2010, we realised that oneauthor, Chi-Ming Che from The Univer- sity of Hong Kong, has published an article with us in every volume since thejournal was launched. So we aredelighted that he has contributed an article again for this rst anniversary issue, and we are also taking this chanceto showcase his work on our front cover. We are sad that due to the current situation, we are unable to attend meet-ings and conferences this year to meet our authors in person. However in the spirit of this year, we wanted to take thisopportunity to introduce to you to theChemical Science Editorial team as it now looks in 2020. We look forward to seeing you again in the near future, whether this is virtuallyor in person! May Copsey, Executive Editor, and the Chemical Science Editorial team Cite this: Chem. Sci. , 2020, 11, 6351 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc90127j rsc.li/chemical-science This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2020 Chem. Sci. ,2 0 2 0 , 11,6 3 5 1 | 6351Chemical Science EDITORIAL Open Access Article. Published on 30 June 2020. Downloaded on 5/18/2024 2:52:04 AM. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. View Article Online View Journal | View Issue" 1050 W2897059229.pdf 9 "p1=0×2 0 as a hexadecimal number, p2=p−s0−50−9as a regular expression,  p3=0−30−50−9as a regular expression, p4= unsigned integer as data type; δ10 ext vref×p1×idle,idle →fint,fdec×true,fa l s e ifvbrgis not available, fint,fdec×fa l s e ,fa l s e if vbrg is available; δ15ext vtgt×∅×true,fa l s e → fint,fdec×true,fa l s e , vtgt×∅×fa l s e ,fa l s e → fint,fdec×fa l s e ,fa l s e ; δ14int fint,fdec×p1×true,fa l s e →fint,fdec×true,true ifvtgtis correct, fint,fdec×fa l s e ,fa l s e ifvtgtis not correct ; δ131 int fint,fdec×p2×fa l s e ,fa l s e →fint,fdec×true,true if the comparison is correct, fint,fdec×fa l s e ,fa l s e if the comparison is not correct; δ132 int fint,fdec×p3×fa l s e ,fa l s e →fint,fdec×true,fa l s e if the comparison is correct, fint,fdec×fa l s e ,true if the comparison is not correct;δ1intfint,fdec×p4×true,fa l s e→fint,fdec× true,true ; ω fint,fdec×true,true→vbrg,true , fint,fdec×fa l s e ,true→vbrg,fa l s e To realize the sequential characteristics of the logic modeling as a software, a computer network concept is applied. Figure 5 shows a schematic illustration of a networkconfiguration, which is a collection of nodes and connec- tions. The nodes are linked to each other by connections, and the connectors in the nodes are anchor points to attach connections between the nodes. For example, Node 1 corresponds to XofLMField, Node6and Node7are rele- vant to Y, and the others are represented by two transition functions: δextorδint. A major di fference from the typical computer network is that the network in Figure 5 is aone-way communication and not a two-way interaction;that is, all the connections have directions to pass the datato the node at right. Figure 6 shows a class diagram for logic modeling based on the network confi guration. The DiagramViewModel visu- alizes and edits the overall modeling of a field.Nodes and Connections as properties of this class specify the collections of nodes and connections to be displayed in the logic model-ing. In NodeViewModel ,InputConnectors , and OutputCon- nectors are the collection of connectors that specify the node’s connection anchor points, and AttachedConnections retrieves a collection of the connections that are attached tothe node. The Element determines the type of the node. The ConnectionViewModel describes a connection between both-sided nodes, speci fically two connectors in each node (i.e., the SourceConnector and the DestConnector ). This con- nection continuously monitors its source and destinationconnectors. Finally, the ConnectorViewModel indicates an anchor point on a node for attaching a connection. TheParentNode in this class references the node that owns the connector. Figure 7 shows the modeling execution of the bearing field previously described, that is, LM bearing . The developed software provides two views: a list view in the form of the ribbon command bar and a model view for building the model. The list view provides block libraries of modelingelements, in particular transition functions in Table 4 (thered box in Figure 7). Using the libraries, a modeler canNode7 Node6Node5 Node4 Node3Node1Node2 Figure 5: Sequential property for interpreting field.10 Complexity" 1051 W4212968628.pdf 8 "Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State Jurnal Syntax Fusion, Vol. 2 No.02, Februari 2022 242 (HHS). Jmj, 7(2), 151 –160. Google Scholar Zamri, A., & Rahayu Oktaliani, H. (n.d.). Diabetes & its Complications . Google Scholar First publication right: Jurnal Syntax Fusion: Jurnal Nasional Indonesia This article is licensed under: " 1052 W2884544184.pdf 10 "Sustainability 2018 ,10, 2519 11 of 18 For H5–H7, a one-way between-groups analysis of variance is conducted to see if the responses to ‘company XY is a sustainable company’ differ (Table 6). There is a significant difference at p< 0.01 between the four groups: F(3, 125) = 4.3, p= 0.006. The result supports H5. The post-hoc test shows that the significant differences are between the country combinations (2) and (3) (0.014), as well as (2) and (4) (0.011). Looking at the mean plots, it is interesting that country combination (2) has the highest mean score (M: (2) = 2.13; (1) = 1.68; (3) = 1.48; (4) = 1.47), meaning that the group with the lowest spatial distance, for the focal company as well as supplier, receives on average better results for the perception of the company’s sustainability than combinations with higher distance, which supports H6 and H7. Additionally, the partial eta squared effect size is calculated to show how strongly the independent variable can explain the variance of the dependent variable. According to Cohen [ 53], there is a small effect at 0.01, a medium effect at 0.06 and a large effect at 0.14. This analysis shows an effect of 0.0936 or 9%, resulting in a medium to large effect. Table 6. ANOVA Results. ‘Company XY Is a Sustainable Company’ Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 8945 3 2982 4301 0.006 Within Groups 86,652 125 693 Total 95,597 128 Finally, a linear regression helps to test H8. The country of the supplier and the focal company are tested separately to detect possible differences. None of the R2values explain more than 9% of the variance in the models. Looking at the output summary in Table 7, no significant results are found, and therefore, H8 cannot be supported. Table 7. Results linear regression (significant at p< 0.05; FC = focal company). Group Country of_ R R2B (Constant) B (Independent Variable) 1FC 0.053 0.003 1.587 0.036 Supplier 0.189 0.036 1.149 0.146 2FC 0.3 0.09 0.903 0.444 Supplier 0.199 0.039 0.913 0.337 3FC 0.183 0.034 1.016 0.148 Supplier 0.132 0.017 1.200 0.133 4FC 0.186 0.035 1.939 ( " 1053 W2028801513.pdf 2 "B-CELL DEVELOPMENT INPEYER'S PATCHES 265 thethymus todexamethasone following dailyinjec- tionsof2mg/kgBWfor3,5,or7days;4groups of 4lambs wereusedtoevaluate theresponses ofthe PPs,thymus, andbloodlymphocyte populations following daily injections of2mg/kgBWdexa- methasone for7consecutive days.Onegroup of4 lambswasusedtostudy theresponses oflymphoid tissues during eachofthefollowing posttreatment intervals: days1-10;days1-28;days1-52;and days1-98.of20mg/kgBW30minprior tocollecting tissues. Thisprocedure resulted inadetectable levelofBrdU incorporation in40-45% iPfB-cells and8-10% of thymocytes (Griebel andFerrari, 1995). Immuno- peroxidase detection ofBrdUincorporated intissue sections wasperformed aspreviously described (Griebel andFerrari, 1994). RESULTS Tissue Collection, CellIsolation, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), andFlow Cytometry Blood collected inEDTA wasusedtodetermine total white cellcounts, differential counts ofleukocytes, andtoisolate mononuclear cellswithadiscontinu- ousPercoll gradient (Griebel andFerrari, 1995). Cell suspensions wereprepared fromlymphoid follicles ofthePPandother tissues asdescribed previously (Griebel andFerrari, 1995; Griebel etal.,1994). Tissues forhistology were firstfixedinphosphate- buffered formaldehyde (12%)prepared inmethanol andthendehydrated ingraded ethanol before em- bedding inTechnovit 7100medium (Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany). Tissue sections, 1-1.5mthick,weremounted onprecleaned glassslides, heated at70Cfor1hrandthenstained for3min with1%threonine-acetate (Fluka) prepared indis- tilledH20. Tissues forIHCwereplaced incryo- molds (Tissue-Tek II;Lab-Tek Products, Nunc Inc., Naperville, IL)andmucosal surfaces werecovered withathinsliceofliverbeforeembedding inO.C.T. compound (Miles Lab. Inc.,Naperville, IL)and freezing ondryice.Themethods forindirect label- ingofcellsuspensions forflowcytometric analysis (FACScan; Becton Dickinson, Mountain View,CA), cellsorting (FACStar Plus,Becton Dickinson), and indirect immunoperoxidase staining offrozen tissue sections havepreviously beendescribed indetail (Griebel etal.,1994; Griebel andFerrari, 1995). To quantitate lymphocyte subpopulations inblood, the totalnumber ofbloodmononuclear cells/ml blood wasmultiplied bythepercent mononuclear cells labeled bytheappropriate mAbanddetected with flowcytometric analyses. BrdUIncorporation andDetection BrdUwasdissolved in60CPBS,cooled toroom temperature, andinjected ivatafinalconcentrationDexamethasone-Induced Involution ofPrimary Lymphoid Tissues Preliminary experiments werecompleted todeter- mine ifdexamethasone induced involution ofpri- marylymphoid tissues inyoung lambs. Thethymus wasused asacontrol organ because ofitswell- characterized corticosteroid sensitivity inmice(Ishi- dateandMetcalf, 1963;Clamen etal.,1971). The effect ofdexamethasone treatment onthethymus andilealPPwasfirstevaluated with0.02,0.2,and 2mgdexamethasone/kg BWadministered for3 consecutive days. IlealPPhistology andthymic weights wereevaluated withtissues collected 24hr afterthelasttreatment. Amarked reduction in thymic weight (40-60% decrease) andilealPP follicular sizeandcellularity wasobserved atall doses ofdexamethasone, butwith2mg/kg, few follicular Bcellswereseenontissue sections (data notshown). Threelambweretheninjected with2 mgdexamethasone/kg BWfor3,5,and7days,and tissues werecollected 24hraftereachtreatment and 30minafterinjecting BrdU.FewBrdU cellswere detected inilealPPfollicles following dexametha- sonetreatment for3days,andnodetectable BrdU incorporation wasobserved following the7-day treatment (datanotshown). Thus, a7-day treatment with2mgdexamethasone/kg BWwaschosen to study thelong-term effects ofarrested iPfB-cell proliferation. Thisdexamethasone treatment regime resulted inamarked reduction inthymic cortex with arelative increase inthemedullary region (Fig.lb), butdidnotarrest proliferation ofcortical thymo- cytes (Fig.2b).Thymic weights foruntreated, age- matched lambs were58.6+7.2g(mean +S.D.of values from5lambs), butduring thefirst2weeks postdexamethasone, theaverage thymic weights were 12.8+3.2g(n 5lambs). Theeffects of dexamethasone onthymic architecture andthymo- cyteproliferation werenolonger evident 4-5weeks posttreatment (Fig.2c). " 1054 W4386885173.pdf 2 "Vaccine xxx (xxxx) xxx 3nonclinical development program while data supported the dose and regimen approved for human use. The NVX-CoV2373 safety profile in- dicates this vaccine is well tolerated as demonstrated by data from over 31,000 participants receiving NVX-CoV2373 across 5 randomized controlled clinical trials. The most frequent adverse reactions from the clinical trials were injection site tenderness, injection site pain, fatigue, myalgia, headache, malaise, arthralgia, nausea or vomiting. These adverse reactions were usually mild to moderate in severity with a median duration of less than or equal to 2 days. These local and systemic adverse reactions occurred more frequently after Dose 2 than after Dose 1 [5]. Additionally, there has been no evidence of vaccine-associated enhanced disease following administration in multiple animal species and in humans during clinical development and in the post authoriza - tion setting. Myocarditis and/or pericarditis are safety concerns of interest with all COVID-19 vaccines. In clinical trials, 2 events of myocarditis were reported in the NVX-CoV2373 group, and 1 event was reported in the placebo group during the pre-crossover period, with a risk difference of 0 (95% CI, " 1055 W2970972875.pdf 2 "Activator of Carbon Dioxide Absorption By Chlorophyll-Synthesizing Microalgae 65 3. Presentation of the main material and discussion of the results The object of the laboratory research was Chlorella – the culture of green microalgae. For this purpose water was taken from the pond where the standard nutrient medium was introduced, and a culture of microalgae Chlorella was added. Cultivation was has been carried out for 11 days in six phyto-bioreactors with the volume of 1liter. Nutrients – carbon dioxide and mineral nutrition elements of the microalgae cells were obtained directly from the environment by bubbling, absorbing them with their entire surface. Since nitrogen dioxide is absorbed by micro-algae in the form of anion , for the study of the effect of nitrogen oxides on the growth of chlorophyll-synthesizing microalgae, an anion with the concentration of 1.7 mg/m3 was added to the first volume, 3.4 mg/m3 – to the second, 8,5 mg/m3 – to the third, 15.6 mg/m3 – to the fourth, 34 mg/m3 to the fifth, and 68 mg/m3 to the sixth one. The growth of biomass chlorophyll-synthesizing microalgae under these conditions was determined by a photo-colorimetric method using a blue light filter according to Bouguer-Lambert-Ber. Since the optical density is proportional to the concentration of algae, which is confirmed by the calibration graph, therefore the experimental data on the accumulation of algae biomass depending on the time within the studied nitrogen oxide concentration (N xOy) correspond to the value of optical densities [5]. By the change in the concentration of cells (number of cells per unit volume of suspension) or the density of microorganisms (dry weight of microorganisms per volume unit of suspension) the rate of growth of microalgae was determined. Based on the results of experimental data and calculation values, graphically dependent changes in the concentration of algae cells in time at the appropriate concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NxOy) in a solution under the conditions of their single injection were obtained (Fig. 2.1, Fig. 2.2). Fig. 2.1. Dependence of the change in the concentration of cells of algae in time at appropriate concentrations Fig. 2.2. Dependence of the change in the concentration of cells of algae in time at appropriate concentrations Analyzing the data (Fig. 2.1, Fig. 2.2), it should be noted that the increase in the concentration of microalgae cells significantly depends on the concentration of nitrogen oxides (N xOy) compared with the control, which did not contain oxides of nitrogen. Under such conditions, the growth of microalgae in a liquid medium that is well stirred varies over time, depending on the concentration of nitrogen oxides. As the concentration of nitrogen oxides increases (NxOy), the growth of the algae cells increases, but to a certain value. As shown in (Fig. 2.2) the sixth test on the second day behaves in the same way as others, that is, it also adapts, and from the third day the growth begins, which even on the fifth day is higher than in the control sample, but from the sixth day there is a decline and in the next five days neither growth nor death of microalgae is observed. A similar dynamics, but with a lower concentration, is also observed in a control tank that has not been exposed to nitrogen oxides (NxOy). The main parameter characterizing the growth of microalgae Δk is a specific growth rate: ∆k=∆C /С×∆Т , (2) where ∆C is the increase in the concentration of microalgae, С is the concentration of microalgae, ∆k is specific growth rate or coefficient of growth rate ( с-1). On the other hand, the coefficient of growth can be determined from the equation [6]: dC/dt=k×C. (3) According to this equation, the growth factor characterizes the relative increase in the density of algae per time unit. If for some time Δk remains unchanged, then such increase is called exponential, and the corresponding time interval is the exponential growth phase [7]." 1056 W4390888173.pdf 9 "Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Informatika (JTMI) Vol.9 No.2 Tahun 20 23 : 119-128 [128] [3] R. Daroya, D. Peralta, and P. Naval, ""Alphabet Sign Language Image Classification Using Deep Learning,"" presented at the Conf. Proceedings TENCON, 2018. [4] Darmatasia, ""Pengenalan Si stem Isyarat Bahasa Indonesia (SIBI) Menggunakan Gradient -Convolutional N eural Network,"" Jurnal Informatika Sains dan Teknologi (INSTEK), vol. 6, 2021. [5] S. Dwijayanti, Hermawati, S. I. Taqiyyah, H. Hikmarika, and B. Y. Suprapto, ""Indonesia Sign Language Recognition using Convolutional Neural Network,"" International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), vol. 12, 2021. [6] V. R. S. Nastiti, R. A. Muhammad, and B. P. Putra, ""Pendeteksi Bahasa Isyarat Gestur Tangan dengan Menggunaka n Model CNN ResNet50V2,"" Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi (RESTI), vol. 6, 2022. [7] H. P. A. Tjahyaningtijas, W. Yustanti, and A. Prihanto, ""Analisa Learning rate dan Batch size Pada Klasifikasi Covid Menggunakan Deep learning dengan Optimizer ADAM ,"" Journal Information Engineering and Educational Technology (JIEET), vol. 5, 2021. [8] F. Zhang et al. , ""MediaPipe Hands:On -device Real -time Hand Tracking,"" presented at the CVPR Workshop on Computer Vision for Augmented and Virtual Reality, Seattle, USA , 2020. [9] Indriani, M. Harris, and A. S. Agoes, ""Applying Hand Gesture Recognition for User Guide Application Using MediaPipe,"" in Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar of Science and Applied Technology (ISSAT 2021) , 2021, vol. 207. [10] M. K. H ossen and M. S. Uddin, ""A dataset for Assessing Real -time Aattention Leve ls of the Students During Online Classes,"" Data in Brief, vol. 51, 2023. [11] P. A. Nugroho, I. Fenriana, and R. Arijanto, ""Implementasi Deep Learning Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) pada Ekspresi Manusia,"" ALGOR Journal, vol. 2, 2020. [12] M. Reyad, A. M.Sarhan, and M.Arafa, ""A Modified ADAM Algorithm for Deep Neural Network Optimization,"" Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 35, pp. 17095 -17112, 2023. [13] D. Irfan, R. Rosnelly, M. Wahyni, J. T. Samudra, and A. Rangga, ""Perbandingan Optimasi SGD, ADADELTA dan ADAM Dalam Klasifikasi Hydrangea Menggunakan CNN,"" Journal of Science and Social Research, vol. 5, pp. 244 -253, 2022. [14] F. D. Telaumbanua, P. Hulu, T. Z. Nad eak, R. R. Lumbantong, and A. Dharma, ""Penggunaan Machine Learning Di Bid ang Kesehatan,"" Jurnal Teknologi dan Ilmu Komputer Prima (Jutikomp), vol. 2, 2020. [15] L. B. Ardianto, M. I. Wahyuddin, and W. Winarsih, ""Implementasi Deep Learning untuk Sistem Keam anan Data Pribadi Menggunakan Pengenalan Wajah dengan Metode Eigenface Be rbasis Android,"" Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (JTIK), vol. 5, 2021. [16] T. Israldi and E. H. S. S. F. Syafria, ""Klasifikasi American Sign Language Menggunakan Convolutio nal Neural Network,"" Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS), vol. 4, 2022. " 1057 W4310249268.pdf 8 "atypical clinical manifestations or in those who cannot be diagnosed by biochemical tests. PORD is an autosomal recessive disorder, and most patients have compound heterozygous mutations in POR. The genetic polymorphisms inPOR have signi ficant racial and individual differences. About 200 POR mutations and single nucl eotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to date. Among the types of missense mutations, A287P is the most common POR mutation in Caucasians, R457H is highly prevalent in Japanese population ( 16), while A503V is also common in POR, with a prevalence of about 27% in the general population ( 17). We also reviewed the clinical d ata of 20 previously reported Chinese patients with PORD ( 17–26)( 1 2f e m a l ep a t i e n t s )( Table 3 ). After exclusion of patients with missing data, we found that 19 of 19 included patients had abnormal sec retion of steroid hormones, 18/ 19 patients had external genital deformities, 8/19 patients had skeletal deformities, and 10/16 pa tients had maternal virilisation. Among the 12 pubertal patients, 6/12 cases had delayed puberty, 8/ 1 2c a s e sh a dd e l a y e dg r o w t h ,a n d8 / 1 2c a s e sh a do v a r i a nc y s t s . Understanding of these clinical characteristics can improve a w a r e n e s so fP O R Da sw e l la st h ee t iological differentiation of CAH. From the above summary, it can be seen that PORD patients mainly present with varying degr ees of abnormal steroid hormone secretion and external genital malformations at birth. And they may habe growth and developmental delays in adulthood, which could be misdiagnosed as other subtypes of CAH. PORD should be considered if patients also ha ve skeletal malformations or virilisation symptoms during pregnancy. Among the 20 reported PORD cases in China, 8 cases (8/20) had a mutation at p.R457H, 3 cases (3/7) had a homozygous mutation, and 4 cases (4/7) were compound heterozygote for this mutation, with exlusion of 1 case with missing data. This suggests that p.R457H is a hot-spot mutation in the Chinese population, which is similar to the results reported in other countries. The affected child in our case-series was compound heterozygous for mutations in POR: the c.1370 G>A (p.R457H) variant from the mother has been reported as a pathogenic variant in multiple PORD cases, while the c.1379 C>A(p.S460Y) variant from the father has not been reported to date. This variant is “likely pathogenic ”according to the American College of Medical Genetics guideline for variant classi fication (PMID: 25741868). Current bioinformatics analysis suggests that it is necessary to investigate the relationship between the novelmutation site and changes in enzyme function and activity further, to con firm that this genetic change leads to changes in enzyme activity. In terms of treatment, multidisciplinary cooperative management is required for PORD. High-risk populations for PORD should be identi fied and screened ( 27). The patient in this study demonstrated virilisati on during pregnancy, but the clinician ’s lack of awareness of the disease led to a family tragedy. If timely detection and prenatal diagnosis were implemented, adverse outcomes could be avoided. Careful attention should bepaid to the following populations: those with a family history of CAH or PORD; those with maternal v irilisation during pregnancy; those with hermaphroditism or skeletal deformity after birth; and those with delayed puberty development. Tests for relatedhormones and metabolites can be performed in these populations. Genetic testing is helpful for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PORD. In a large number of asymptomatic patients (homozygo us or compound heterozygotes for autosomal recessive inheritance) and PORD gene carriers (heterozygotes for autosomal rece ssive inheritance), the disease is more likely to be missed. Typica lly, mothers with PORD foetuses have low serum estriol levels, which may be detected during the triple antenatal screening test. S ubsequent maternal urinalysis may reveal characteristic manifestat ions of aberrant steroid precursors, which can facilitate a prenatal diagnosis ( 13,28). It is necessary to inform mothers that, once virilisa tion occurs during pregnancy, it should be dealt with as soon as possible. Preconception health education and genetic counselli ng are required for patients with confirmed PORD or in the above-menti oned high-risk populations. Patients with con firmed PORD need individu alised guidance for better natal and prenatal care. It is recommended that spouses should undergo genetic testing to screen for heterozygous cases before conception, or genetic diagnosis should be performed before embryo implantation. Prenatal genetic screening or amniotic fluid cell testing under ultrasonic should be performed during pregnancy for early identi fication of foetuses with disease genes and for managing the corresponding risks. For neonates born with hermaphroditism or character istic skeletal deformities, chromosomal examinations are required to determine the genetic sex. Genetic testing is helpful in diagnosing PORD and distinguishing it fr om other types of CAH. Adrenal gland (blood ACTH, cortisol, electrolytes, and acid –base balance) and gonadal function should be evaluated in aff ected children, and the detection items that cannot be assessed but that have important diagnostic value (such as 17-hydroxyprogeste rone) should be tested elsewhere before treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment can avoid severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance , and adrenal cortical crisis, and thus reduce mortality. The patient(i.e. the mother) should be informed of the need for long-term follow-up after birth, with re- examination of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in 2 weeks. Continued increase in blood 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentration is an important diagnostic indicator of 21-OHD. For patients diagnosed in puberty, ACTH stimulation test should be used todetermine the degree of glucocorticoid de ficiency. Glucocorticoids should be supplemented as appropriate, and drugs should be administered to improve and restore the patient ’s secondary sexual characteristics in pub erty. If necessary, orthopaedic treatment is needed. In conclusion, PORD is a group of autosomal recessive genetic disorders. Case 1(the mother) presented signs of virilisation during pregnancy in female foetus, and gave born to a male infant with PORD and a female infant with suspected PORD, and did not receive a timely and precise diagnosis.Zhang et al. 10.3389/fendo.2022.1020880 Frontiers in Endocrinology frontiersin.org 09" 1058 W4255794743.pdf 3 "118а платья , отрезы тканей , белые вышитые головные уборы «кIазы», сложив аккуратно , накидывали на специальную жердь – «чахлух », укрепленную горизонтально в комнате молодоженов у одной из ее стен, ближе к потолку , с помощью веревок , свисающих с него . А те из вещей , которые не успели расставить или уложить нужным образом , оставались в таком положении до истечения 40 дней . После 40 дней , прошедших со дня свадьбы , в доме молодоженов снова собирались женщины -родственницы , чтобы совершить обряд «чахлух чикабулчне » – в торжественной обстановке после соответствующей трапезы снимали с жерди платья и все, что на ней находилось . Причем часть из них, специально выделенную родителями новобрачной и предварительно оговоренную , раздавали родственницам мужа новобрачной . Обычно это головные уборы «кIазы», отрезы тканей . А остальное клали в сундук , полученный новобрачной от ее родителей в качестве приданого . Тогда же окончательно расставляли по полкам и вешали на стену посуду (фарфор , фаянс , металлические сосуды ). К 7 и 40 дням приурочивались также обряды , связанные с рождением первого ребенка . По истечении 7 дней со дня его рождения бабушка по матери готовила для своего внука или внучки люльку . Ее заранее заказывали мастеру или покупали готовую . На восьмой день мать относила полностью снабженную всеми необходимыми принадлежностями (матрацы , одеяло , подушечка , накидка и т.д.) люльку к своей дочери , у которой родился ребенок . Вместе с люлькой несли еще еду примерно на 10−15 человек – плов , чуду , курзе и др. В этот же день у молодоженов собирались приглашенные родственники – мужчины и женщины , которые приносили с собой подарки для ребенка , обычно одежду . Все собравшиеся осматривали люльку и давали ей оценку – хорошую или посредственную . После этого угощали всех собравшихся . Одна из ближайших родственниц отца или матери ребенка , или сама бабушка ребенка , принесшая люльку , торжественно в присутствии всех участников обряда укладывала ребенка в люльку . При этом она сначала произносила мусульманскую формулу «бисмилла », а затем пела одну из кубачинских колыбельных песен (Абакарова Ф.О., 1996. С. 127). Весь этот обряд , который бытует и ныне , носит название «гал лакьуйле видихьне » – укладывание ребенка в люльку . Если в люльку укладывали мальчика , то процедура носила более торжественный характер , чем укладывание девочки . При совершении этого обряда давали и имя ребенку . До истечения 40 дней со дня рождения ребенка обычно не выносили из дома , кроме как на лоджию , балкон или закрытый дворик ; не ходили с ним к соседям или друзьям . На этот счет и ныне существует поговорка : «Гал агъц Iале ухакал таигъегъу » – пока не исполнится 40 дней , ребенка не выводят из дома . На 40-й день мать вместе с ребенком ходила к бабушке ребенка , которая собирала по этому случаю своих родственников и ближайших соседей . Гостей угощали специально приготовленной для этой цели едой , а те поздравляли мать и бабушку ребенка с исполнением ему 40 дней . Бабушка дарила внуку (внучке ) что- нибудь – одежду или украшения . Данный обряд носит название «гал таагъи » – вывести ребенка [из дома ]. В обряде участвовали и мужчины , которые собирались у дедушки ребенка по матери отдельно от женщин . В прошлом же в обряде участвовали только женщины . Как было отмечено , числа 7 и 40 фигурируют и в похоронных обрядах . До истечения 40 дней после смерти близкого человека в каждую пятницу вечером готовили халву («бахъухъ »). Ее ели совместно с родственниками и близкими умершего . После смерти близкого человека 40 дней продолжался траур . В течение 40 дней родные и близкие умершего носили траурную одежду , не веселились , не" 1059 W2079251542.pdf 19 "S20multiple washout technique (NMBW) in ALI/ARDS patients, and to set PEEP levels on data of FRC values. Methods Twenty patients with ALI/ARDS were enrolled in the study. All patients were ventilated in pressure-controlled ventilation with an Engstrom carestation ventilator (GE Healthcare, Helsinki, Finland) in accordance with the ARDSnet guidelines. FRC measurement was carried out with the COVX module integrated within the ventilator (GE Healthcare) by a NMBW technique. Every patient had a basal FRC measurement and then three measurements at PEEP 15/10/5 cmH2O during a derecruiting maneuver. After all measurements, PEEP was set as the PEEP at which value FRC started to decrease. At basal time (T0) and after setting the best PEEP (T1) the PaO2/FIO2 ratio and static compliance were measured too. All data are reported as the mean ± SD. A ttest was used to compare changes during time. Results Table 1 presents the main results of the study. Table 1 (abstract P48) Parameter T0 T1 FRC (ml) 2,330 ± 400 2,933 ± 300* PaO2/FiO2 164 ± 74 251 ± 107* Compliance (ml/cmH2O) 38 ± 12 49 ± 15* *P<0.05 T1 vs. T0. Conclusions FRC measurement by the NMBW technique integrated in the ventilator is useful to assess functional lung impairment at the bedside. Setting PEEP on FRC measurements may improve lung recruitment and oxygenation, but anatomical studies (CT scan) are also warranted. Reference 1. Lambermont B, et al .: Comparision of functional residual capacity and static compliance of the respiratory system during a PEEP ramp procedure in an experimental model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 2008, 12:R91. P49 Pulmonary permeability index predicts progression to acute lung injury in patients with increased risk CR Phillips, K Bacon, J Pinney, A Nielsen, JL LeTourneau OHSU, Portland, OR, USA Critical Care 2009, 13(Suppl 1): P49 (doi: 10.1186/cc7213) Introduction Early identification of progression to acute lung injury (ALI) in patients at risk may change therapy and potentially improve outcome. Central to the pathogenesis of ALI is pulmonary micro- vascular injury and increased permeability resulting in pulmonary edema. We proposed that the pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) (extravascular lung water (EVLW) (ml) / pulmonary blood volume (PBV) (ml)) reflects the severity of this injury and predicts progression to ALI in patients at risk. Methods The PVPI was measured prospectively in 27 patients who either were at increased risk to develop ALI ( n= 17) or who had ALI on presentation ( n= 10) for the first 5 days after admission to the ICU. Results Ten out of 17 patients at risk for ALI progressed to it. The mean (± SEM) PVPI on day 1 was lower in patients who did not develop ALI vs. those that did (1.4 ± 0.1 vs. 2.6 ± 0.4, P= 0.01) in the 17 patients who did not have ALI on presentation (Figure 1). There was no difference in PVPI for those that developed ALI vs. those that had it on presentation (2.6 ± 0.4 vs. 2.7 ± 0.3, P= 0.5). A cutoff PVPI value of 1.9 or less discriminated those that would not develop ALI from those who did or who had it on presentation with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 85%, respectively (Figure 2).Conclusions Increased PVPI is a feature of early ALI and predicts progression to ALI in patients at increased risk. Early identification of patients with elevated PVPI and who are at risk to develop ALI may lead to consideration of early initiation of lung protective ventilator strategies. P50 Pulmonary electrical impedance tomography changes in a model of hemorrhagic shock with endotoxemia and resuscitation J Noel-Morgan1, D Fantoni2, D Otsuki1, JO Auler Jr1 1Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; 2Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil Critical Care 2009, 13(Suppl 1): P50 (doi: 10.1186/cc7214) Introduction Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a promising bedside device with the potential to assess changes in regional ventilation and lung blood flow [1]. The purpose of our study was to monitor lung images and changes in impedance by EIT in a model of hemorrhagic shock with endotoxemia followed by fluid resuscitation. Methods Twelve anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, supine pigs were submitted to hemorrhagic shock (50% blood volume) and endotoxin infusion. Animals were randomly allocated to controlCritical Care March 2009 Vol 13 Suppl 1 29th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine Figure 1 (abstract P49) Figure 2 (abstract P49) " 1060 W4281765110.pdf 0 "Citation: Matsuzawa, A.; Shiroki, Y. Mothers’ Experiences of Care Coordination for Children with Disabilities: A Qualitative Study. Children 2022 ,9, 835. https:// doi.org/10.3390/children9060835 Academic Editor: Jane D. Champion Received: 12 April 2022 Accepted: 1 June 2022 Published: 4 June 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). children Article Mothers’ Experiences of Care Coordination for Children with Disabilities: A Qualitative Study Akemi Matsuzawa1,* and Yuko Shiroki2 1Department of Comprehensive Development Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Hokkaido, Japan 2School of Nursing, Ibaraki Christian University, Hitachi 319-1295, Ibaraki, Japan; shiroki@icc.ac.jp *Correspondence: akemim_222@yahoo.co.jp Abstract: Few studies have investigated the care coordination for children with disabilities and their families in Japan. Care coordination enhances the quality of care for these children and their families. This study explores mothers’ experiences of coordinated care provided to their children with disabilities and their families. We used a qualitative descriptive approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with 11 Japanese mothers/primary caregivers of children with disabilities to describe their experiences. Four main themes were identified: shared decision-making with key workers, receiving an assessment of the entire family, timely access to coordinated health care services, and a reduced psychological burden and empowerment of mothers. Our findings suggest that care coordination has multiple beneficial effects on children with disabilities and their families, including improving the outcomes. Further research should examine how high-quality care coordination can be provided for such children and their families. Keywords: children with disability; mother; primary caregiver; family; care coordination 1. Introduction Care coordination is important for children with disabilities [ 1] and is a cornerstone of family-centered care [ 2,3]. In general, compared to typically developing children, children with disabilities face an increased risk of developing chronic physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional conditions, and require additional health care and related ser- vices [4]. Therefore, as previous studies have reiterated, coordinated care and services are essential to ensure quality care for these children and their families [5]. In Japan, the need for coordinated care for children with disabilities is increasing as the number of children with disabilities is rising despite the declining birth rate. As of 2016, approximately 68,000 children suffer from physical disabilities and 214,000 children from intellectual disabilities [ 6]. The number of children receiving medical care is rapidly in- creasing too. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) reported that 9403 were children dependent on medical technology in 2005 [ 7]. However, this number increased to 17,078 by 2015. Additionally, the number of ventilator-dependent children also increased from 264 in 2005 to over 3064 in 2015. Moreover, the health care system for children with disabilities in Japan is inadequate in both quality and quantity, which makes it difficult for all children with disabilities and their families to receive the high-quality services they need [8]. 1.1. Background The effect of care coordination for families of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) is well-documented and includes improvements in multiple outcomes, such as an increase in receiving family-centered care and experience of partnerships with profes- sionals [ 9]. Additionally, care coordination for CSHCN meets almost all service-related Children 2022 ,9, 835. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060835 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/children" 1061 W4389432407.pdf 2 "FAILURE OF THE WELL-ROUNDED RETRACT 433 graphs whose systoles fill in that sense forms a spine and if so, what its dimension is. One may wonder if there is a spine of the minimal dimension 2 n−3c o n t a i n e d inV/prime n. However, it seems difficult to push the deformation retraction defined in the proof of Theorem 1.3 much further. One can continue until there is a systolepassing through any pair of edges that are adjacent to a vertex of degree 3 by folding these edges gradually otherwise, but the proof of Theorem 1.4 implies that the dimension of the resulting set is still too large in general. 2.Outer space We start by proving the negative results regarding Outer space. The proof of both Theorem 1.1 and Theorem 1.4 is based on the same family of graphs that havea large automorphism group and few systoles that cover the whole graph. Thesegraphs were used in [FB20] to construct hyperbolic surfaces with similar properties. Given integers p,q≥2, a map of type {p,q}is a connected graph of constant valence (degree) qembedded in an oriented surface such that each complementary region (whose closure is called a face) is a topological disk whose boundary consists ofpedges. This can also be phrased in terms of a ribbon structure on the graph. A flagis a triple ( v,e,f)w h e r evis a vertex, eis an edge, fis a face, and v⊂e⊂f.A mapis flag-transitive ifforanytwoflagsthereisahomeomorphismoftheunderlying surface which sends the map to itself and the first flag to the second. For now weconsider our maps as combinatorial graphs where each edge has length 1. The girth of a combinatorial graph is the same as its systole, namely, the minimal length of a cycle that is not contractible. We will require a small variation of a result of Evans [Eva79, Theorem 11] about the existence of flag-transitive maps of large girth. The difference here is that we want to make sure that only the obvious cycles have length equal to the girth. Lemma 2.1. For any q≥3andp≥7, there exists a finite flag-transitive map M of type{p,q}and girth psuch that the only non-trivial cycles of length pinMare the face boundaries. Proof.There is an infinite flag-transitive map M p,qof type{p,q}embedded in the hyperbolic plane H2coming from the tiling by regular p-gons with interior angles 2π/q. The automorphisms of Mp,qare realized by a finitely-generated discrete groupGof isometries of the hyperbolic plane. By Mal’cev’s theorem [Mal65], Gis residually finite, so there is a sequence of normal subgroups Gk/triangleleftGof finite index such that/intersectiontextGk={id}. This implies that Gkis eventually torsion-free and the closed hyperbolic surfaces Sk=H2/Gkhave injectivity radius going to infinity as k→∞.I fkis large enough, then the projection MkofMp,qtoSkhas type {p,q} because the map H2→Skis a covering map. Furthermore, Mkis finite since Mp,q/Gis a half-edge and Gkhas finite index in G.L a s t l y , Mkis flag-transitive via the quotient group G/Gkacting on Sk. Since the face boundaries in Mkhave combinatorial length p,t h eg i r t ho f Mkis at mostp. Since the injectivity radius of Sktends to infinity, any cycle in Mkwhich is not contractible in Skbecomes arbitrarily long (with respect to the hyperbolic metric and therefore also in terms of its number of edges) as ktends to infinity. In particular, a cycle in Mkthat is not contractible in Skhas combinatorial length strictly larger than pifkis large enough. It is also true that any cycle in Mkwhich" 1062 W4309982043.pdf 7 "IJAAR Vol.10 No.1 ISSN – 2347 -7075 Shambhu Raj Upadhyay & Dr. Bhaw N ath Pandey 543 broadcasting educational recordings to get access for students where internet access is little or no access. Some other online modes like web conferencing and online meeting tools like zoom, Google meet, WebEx , Telegram , and so on provided a meeting platform for online e -learning and real-time live streaming. Conclusion: The sudden outbreak of the coronavirus has forced us to incorporate and implement revolutionary change not only in its traditional nature of service but to adopt new technology and train staff to work according to pace with time. The internet and web-based technologies strengthen the teaching -learning environment and bridge the digital divide through innovative educational applications . The use of computers was not a new concept during the pandemic in the library . The library was user-friendly for a long time, but the present crisis acted as a catalyst to strengthen the basic infrastructure. The effect can be seen in digital libraries as fulfilling the laws of library science by adding e-learning resources in collections e very reader h is / her Books. Suggestions: The success of online learning depen ds upon the ability and capability of the person to train the right people to develop the right skills, knowledge, and the right time to implement it. The success of e -learning depends on devotion to implementing modern technology in the traditional classr oom. Bixler and Spats (2000) have identified seven parameters affecting the successful implementation of e-learning: institutional support , course development , teaching and learning , course structure , student support , faculty support , and evaluation and assessment . Support from the institution and dedication from the staff is the key point of the success of e -learning. Reference s: 1. Abbas, A., & Faiz, A. (2013). Usefulness of digital and traditional libraries in higher education. Internat ional Journal of Services, Technology and Management , 19(1–3), 149 –161. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTM.201 3.054203 2. Association of College and Research Libraries(2020). Pandemic resourcesfor academic libraries.https://accrl.libguides.com /pandemic/home 3. Department of Higher Education | Government of India, Ministry of Education. (n.d.). Retrieved September10, 2020, from https://www.mhrd.gov.in/higher_e ducation 4. Gaikwad, M. N. Use Of Social Networking Sites Among Undergraduate Students Of Arts And Commerce College, Madha, Dist. Solapur, Maharastra. Retrieved From: http://www.klibjlis.com/3.2. 3.pdf 5. Shivakumar G.T., (2017). Impact of digital era on academic Libraries: it’s play with library 6. Professionals. International Journal of Library & Information Science (IJLIS). 6(4). 7. Retrieved from http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/issue s.asp?JType=IJLIS&VType=6&IT ype=4 8. Velumani, K. V. (2013). An investigation into the impact of e - resources in modern Library and Information Centers. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.n et/10603/5 4204 9. http://www.ala.org/tools/libraries - respond -covid -19-survey . " 1063 W4280521346.pdf 2 "Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022 ,23, 5749 3 of 24 applied GSH positively affects ET biosynthesis by modulating the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations of the ACS and ACO enzymes [ 49]. GSH depletion resulted in decreased lateral root density and root meristem malfunction [ 53]. Genome-wide tran- script profiling analysis uncovered that numerous redox-related genes including GPXLs are implicated in the interaction between the redox and hormonal signalling [ 53]. The differences we have found earlier in the phenotype and salt stress response of the Atgpxl5-1 mutant and AtGPXL5 -overexpressing plants also indicated a complex interaction among the membrane-localised GPXL5, GSH redox potential and plant growth [ 7,18]. The growth of the Atgpxl5 mutant but not the AtGPXL5 -overexpressing (OX-AtGPXL5) plants was delayed in the standard growth condition [18]. In this paper, we investigated the effect of ET on the development of the Atgpxl5 and OX-AtGPXL5 seedlings, treating them with the ET-precursor ACC. It was observed that a lower number of lateral roots developed on 2-week-old mutant plantlets as compared to their wild type and OX-AtGPXL5 counterparts. Furthermore, the dark-grown Atgpxl5 mutants exhibited an altered hypocotyl hook development. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of AtGPXL5 on ET biosynthesis and/or signalling. The ET evolution and the expression of selected ET-related genes, several oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant mechanisms were analysed in 6-week-old hydroponically grown ACC-treated plants. Our results indicated that ACC differently changed the GSH level, the redox potential, the activities of glutathione- and thioredoxin peroxidases and that of some other ROS- processing enzymes in the Atgpxl5 mutant and AtGPXL5-overexpressor lines than in the wild type, but several physiological traits, among them the skotomorphogenesis, ethylene evolution and the redox potential of OX-AtGPXL5, were similar to that of the wild-type seedlings. 2. Results 2.1. AtGPXL5 Regulates Hypocotyl Hook Development and Seedling Growth The growth parameters of in vitro grown 2-week-old seedlings of Col-0 wild type, Atgpxl5-1 mutant and OX-AtGPXL5-overexpressor Arabidopsis lines were compared. It was revealed that the light-grown seedlings possessed a similar phenotype except with shorter primary roots and a lower number of lateral roots of the Atgpxl5-1 mutant than the wild type or the OX-AtGPXL5 plants (Table 1). Table 1. The length of primary root and the number of lateral roots of two-week-old Arabidopsis wild type (Col-0) and glutathione peroxidase-like 5 mutant ( Atgpxl5-1 ) and overexpressing line (OX-AtGPXL5) plantlets grown in light after transferring 5-day-old seedlings onto1 2MS media. MeanSD,n= 15. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test. Different letters represent data considered statistically significant at p0.05. Growth Parameters Col-0 Atgpxl5 OX-AtGPXL5 Root length (cm) 4.81 0.17 a 3.81 0.14 b 4.68 0.15 a Number of lateral roots 3.46 0.24 a 2.60 0.28 b 3.50 0.26 a The dark-grown Atgpxl5 mutants were smaller; furthermore, they had an altered hypocotyl hook development compared to other genotypes (Figure 1). The different skoto- morphogenesis of the Atgpxl5 mutants and OX-AtGPXL5 seedlings raised the possibility of the crosstalk between the AtGPXL5 protein and the ET response." 1064 W4393230566.pdf 1 "1. The Basic Connotation of Rule of Law Thinking Among College Students in the New Era 1.1 The Connotation of Rule of Law Thinking Rule of law thinking is a deep -level thinking mode based on the concept of the rule of law, which requires people to follow legal principles in decision -making and actions, emphasizing legitimacy, justice, and fairness. Compared with legal thinking, rule of law thinking not only focuses on the professionalism and technicality of law but also emphasizes the universal values and social effects of the rule of law. R ule of law thinking emphasizes putting people first, regarding law as a tool to maintain social order and safeguard people's rights and interests, rather than merely a technical means. This way of thinking aims to cultivate people's faith in the rule of la w, making the rule of law the daily behavioral norms of people and promoting the legalization process of society. In contrast, legal thinking focuses more on the interpretation and application of legal provisions and is a professional occupational thinking . Rule of law thinking is a way of integrating rule of law principles into daily decision -making and behaviors, requiring people to always uphold the spirit of the rule of law in thinking and actions to ensure the legality and justice of behaviors. Legal t hinking, on the other hand, focuses more on legal professionals' interpretation and application of legal provisions and cases[1]. Although rule of law thinking and legal thinking overlap, they have different focuses and together constitute an important par t of the rule of law culture. 1.2 Key Points in Cultivating Rule of Law Thinking Among College Students 1.2.1 Cultivating the Value Pursuit of Constitutional Supremacy ""To adhere to governing the country according to law, we must first adhere to governing the country according to the constitution, and to govern according to law, we must first adhere to governing according to the constitution."" For college students, the cultivation of rule of law thinking should start with a profound understanding of the fun damental status of the constitution. The existence of the constitution is a prerequisite for the rule of law, and its effective implementation is the cornerstone of building a rule of law country. Therefore, college students need to comprehensively underst and and grasp the basic rules and values of the constitution, clarify the goals and directions of national development, and the basic principles and measures formulated to achieve the well -being of the people. In addition, college students should actively embrace the authority of the constitution and establish a firm belief in the constitution. The vitality of law lies in being believed, and this is especially true for the constitution. Upholding the authority of the constitution means defending the common will of the country and the people. College students should deeply understand that defending the dignity of the constitution is defending the dignity of the country and the people. Only by truly acknowledging and believing in the constitution from the bott om of their hearts will college students consciously follow the spirit of the constitution, thereby demonstrating reverence and obedience to the constitution. In the process of cultivating rule of law thinking, college students should also use constitutionality as the criterion for behavior. This means that when observing social phenomena, analyzing conflicts and disputes, and resolving legal issues, they should use the constitution as a guideline and standard. This thinking guided by the constitution is a concrete manifestation and sublimation of the belief in the rule of law, as well as the organic unity of worldview and methodology. Therefore, college students need to learn to independently judge in accordance with the values, basic provisions, and proced ures of the constitution. This is the basic requirement for cultivating rule of law thinking among college students and is also the necessary path for them to 10" 1065 W2136368101.pdf 1 "diseases were responsible for more than half of all deaths [6]. Portugal is characterized by a very higher contribution of cere- brovascular disease to mortality relative to coronary heart dis-ease [1] and long-standing higher systolic blood pressure, as compared to most other European countries [7]. The types of cancers that cause more deaths in Portugal are lung and stom-ach among men and breast among women [4]. The relatively early stage of Portugal in the smoking epidemic results in an expected increase in the smoking-related burden of diseaseand deaths, particularly among women [8,9]. We aimed to describe time trends in the absolute number of deaths, death rates and YLL from CVD and cancer in thePortuguese population, during the period 1980 –2010, and to quantify the contribution of the variation in the popula- tion ’s size and age structure, and age-independent “risk”of death by cardiovascular or oncological causes to the change in the corresponding number of deaths. Methods Sources of data The number of deaths from all CVD [International Clas-sification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD 10): I00-I99; 9th revision (ICD 9): 390 –459] and all malignant neoplasms , hereafter just referred as cancer (ICD 10: C00-C99; ICD 9: 140 –239), as well as the estimates of the population at risk in each year, were obtained from official statistics[10,11]. All data were obtained from 1980 to 2010 for each sex in age groups (<1, 1 –4, 5-year age groups up to 80 –84 and≥85 years). Trends in mortality rates and years of life lost Standardized mortality rates were computed by the dir- ect method using the European standard population as reference [12]. We performed a joinpoint regression ana-lysis, using Joinpoint Wversion 3.4 from the Surveillance Research Program of the US National Cancer Institute [13], to calculate the annual variation in mortality and toidentify points of significant change in the log-linear slope of the trend (joinpoints) [14]. The analysis starts with the minimum number of joinpoints (no joinpointscorresponds to a straight line), and tests whether one or more joinpoints significantly improve model fit. The minimum number of observations from a joinpoint tothe earliest or the latest years and between two join- points was set to 5. We present the results of best fitting models for the trends in men and women. The estimatedannual percent change (APC) in mortality for each period was calculated assuming a Poisson distribution and taking the calendar year as the independent variable. The analyses of the trends in the mortality rates and numbers of deaths were performed for all ages and by age groups (0 –14, 15 –34, 35 –54, 55 –74 and ≥75 years).The YLL due to premature mortality for each cause (CVD and cancer), gender and age group were com- puted using the Global Burden of Disease method [15]by multiplying the number of deaths at each age by the life expectancy at the age at which death occurs. We considered the recommended standard life expectancy atbirth of 80 years for men and 82.5 for women. The aver- age age at death was set to the mid-point of each five- year age group, apart from the infant deaths (where it isassumed to be 0.1 years in low mortality countries), the 1–4 year age group (assumed to be 2.6 years) and the oldest group (assumed to be 87.5 years) [15]. We applieda 3% time discount rate to assign less weight to the YLL corresponding to the periods more distant to the mo- ment of death than to those referring to the first yearsafter death, an age-weighting parameter to weigh YLL in very young and old ages less than other ages (Global Burden of Disease standard value is 0.04) and an age-weighting correction constant so that the introduction of age-weights did not alter the total number of YLL (Global Burden of Disease standard value is 0.1658) [15].The total YLL for each cause and gender was obtained by adding the YLL of all age groups. Contribution of changes in demographics and age-independent “risk ” We used the tool RiskDiff, a web-based application from the Catalan Institute of Oncology to assess the specific contribution of demographic changes (due to changes in population size and in population age structure) and thevariation in the age-independent “risk ”of dying from the disease to the observed trends in the number of deaths [16]. This analysis was performed for the periods withconstant log-linear trend identified in the joinpoint ana- lysis. RiskDiff outputs the results over an entire time period. To allow comparisons among intervals of differ-ent length, we estimated annual effects assuming geo- metric change over time [17]. Results Trends in mortality rates and years of life lost Among men, the age-adjusted mortality from CVD decreased between 1980 and 2010 (Figure 1 and Table 1). The decrease was more pronounced after 1993, with an APC of −4% per year versus −1.5% per year between 1980 and 1993. The age-adjusted mortality rate from cancers increased 0.9% per year between 1980 and 1997, then declined slightly, 0.7% per year, until 2006 andincreased 1.5% per year thereafter, in men. Among women, the pattern of the age-adjusted mortality from CVD was similar to that of men, decreasing between1980 and 2010, more pronouncedly after 1996, reaching an APC of −4.6% per year. The mortality rate from can- cer increased from 1980 to 1990, then decreased slightlyPereira et al. BMC Public Health 2012, 12:1126 Page 2 of 8 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/1126" 1066 W4389082644.pdf 2 "J. Imaging 2023 ,9, 264 3 of 16 Table 1. Data acquisition protocols used for dose optimization in default clinical brain protocols of the Neusoft NeuViz 128 CT scanner. Parameters Default (Optimized Protocol) kVp 120 (80, 100, 140) mAs 300 (100, 200, 400) Rotation time 1.0 s Pitch 0.5 Slice thickness 5 mm SNR level 1.0 (0.3, 0.7, 1.3, 1.7) FOV 250 mm Kernel F20 IR 50% (20%, 30%, 40%, 60%) Clearview Matrix 512 12 2.2. Data Acquisition and Image Quality Evaluation The Catphan 700 phantom was used to acquire the image by scanning according to three clinical routine scans for the brain. The AutoQA Plus v.1.8.7.0 software (QA Bench- mark, LLC, Ellicott City, MD, USA) was used to analyze image quality. 2.3. Catphan 700 Phantom A Catphan 700 phantom (The Phantom Laboratory Incorporated, Salem, NY, USA) was used to evaluate all image quality [ 31,32]. The phantom has a cylindrical shape and contains 6 modules, including CTP682 (geometry sensitometry and point source module), CTP714 (30-line pair high-resolution module), CTP515 (subslice and supra-slice low contrast), CTP721 (wave insert), CTP723 (bead blocks), and CTP712 (uniformity section). CT scans of the Catphan phantom were obtained using Neusoft NeuViz 128 (Neusoft Medical Systems, Shenyang, China) [ 33]. Quality control (QC) testing was performed annually for all CT scanners and the CT number was also calibrated. 2.4. CT Number Accuracy and Linearity The module CTP682, containing different sensitometry targets, was used to perform CT number accuracy and linearity [ 34–36]. This module has sensitometry targets made from Teflon®, Bone 50%, Delrin®, Bone 20%, acrylic, Polystyrene and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polymethylpentene (PMP), Lung foam #7112, and air, including a water container. In the circular region of interest (ROI), approximately 80% of each target size was selected and the measured mean CT number was recorded for each target. The mean CT number of each target was compared to the range of actual CT numbers from the specifications of the phantom. The linearity was also tested using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) between the measured CT number and each target’s linear attenuation coefficients ( ). The CT numbers’ accuracy should not exceed the tolerance limit from the recommendation range of the Catphan 700 phantom. 2.5. The High-Contrast Spatial Resolution and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) High-contrast spatial resolution is the ability of a system to distinguish high-contrast objects from neighboring objects [ 37]. Two broad methods exist to analyze high-contrast spatial resolution by calculating the modulation transfer function (MTF) and objective analysis or resolution bar pattern assessment [ 37–39]. The spatial resolution is measured by calculating a small wire’s point spread function (PSF) with 0.05 mm tungsten (module CTP682). PSF generates line spread functions (LSFs) in both vertical and horizontal direc- tions. The MTF was calculated by taking the Fourier transform and shown in the value line pair/cm at 50%, 10%, and 2% of the MTF. The CTP714 high-resolution module with 1–30 line pair per cm gauges was used to evaluate high resolution. The tolerance levels of spatial resolution in the CT brain scan should exceed 5 lp/cm [ 36]. The expected values of MTF at 50%, 10%, and 2% exceeded 3, 5, and 7 cycles/cm, respectively [31,40,41]." 1067 W2984849590.pdf 2 "through diagrammatic methods giving rise to the self- energy in terms of the Green function as in (8)] corresponds to the self-consistent mean-field approximation. This fact initself would render measurements from a quantum simu- lator containing two different species with corresponding interactions extremely useful. The question that is addressed in this paper, however, goes back to a basic, if for the moment, only theoretical question. In analogy to the questions posed in under- standing the Hubbard model and analogies in describingthe BEC-BCS crossover [4–8], we seek to understand what happens when the interaction coupling of a system of fermions interacting via an NJL-type Lagrangian is altered to such an extent that one moves into the weak -coupling regime of the theory: instead of fixing the NJL couplingstrength to its usual regularization dependent strong-coupling value, we treat it as a parameter and look for the solution of the gap equation as a function of this parameter. The difficulty in this lies in the fact that therelevant equations, which up to now have always beentreated as having real variables, must be regarded as complex. In what follows, we keep the QCD notation of the NJL model in order to check the validity of our resultson the real axis, but we abstract from this in thought inregarding the model as a two-component fermionic modelwith specific interaction. We find a continuous quantum phase transition charac- terized by the development of a width for the dynamicallygenerated fermion mass onto the higher sheets of theRiemann surface associated with the gap equation. By an appropriate choice of the order parameter, we show that the power-law behavior of the phase transition does notdepend on our choice of regularization scheme —we have demonstrated this with the covariant, Pauli-Villars, and proper-time schemes. The value of the mass of the Goldstone particle is unaffected by this transition; however,the mass of the associated scalar meson also develops animaginary part. This paper is organized as follows: in Sec. II, we discuss the Riemann surface structure associated with the gapequation. In Sec. II A, we solve the gap equation for its spectrum in the covariant regularization scheme in both the strong- and weak-coupling regimes. We examine the stability of solutions against the choice of the regularizationscheme by studying the gap equation in the context of thePauli-Villars regularization scheme in Sec. II B, and we observe the same behavior of the order parameter in the vicinity of the phase transition point as it is obtained in the covariant regularization scheme. This is again verified inSec.II C, using the proper-time regularization scheme, and extended to include the effects of incorporating a constant electric field. Then, in Sec. III, we comment on the effects of the phase transition on the associated isovector pseu-doscalar and isoscalar scalar modes. We summarize andconclude in Sec. IV.II. WEAK-COUPLING FERMIONIC MASS SOLUTIONS A. Solutions of the gap equation in the covariant regularization scheme Since the interaction terms in (2)are pointlike, the self- energy in (8)is constant and is thus identified as the dynamically generated mass, Σ¼m /C3. Thus, the solution to the Green function equation containing Σ, Eq. (9),i s simple: in momentum space, it is SðpÞ¼ðpþm/C3Þ= ðp2−m/C32Þ, which can be inserted into (8). The integral arising on the right-hand side of the gap equation Zd4p ð2πÞ4TrSðpÞð 10Þ diverges and must be regulated. Oð3Þregularization leads to(5). In the covariant regularization scheme, which we will consider further here, the Euclidean four-momentum is restricted, p2 E¼p2þp2 4≤Λ2, where p0¼ip4. Con- sequently, the gap equation takes the form m/C3¼1 2π2NcNfGΛ2m/C3/C20 1−m/C32 Λ2ln/C18 1þΛ2 m/C32/C19/C21 :ð11Þ Canceling the m/C3on both sides, one has the well-known result [9], 2π2 NcNfGΛ2¼1−z2ln/C20 1þ1 z2/C21 ; ð12Þ where z¼m/C3=Λ. In order to obtain a real solution for m/C3, the left-hand side of (12) should be less than one. [The right-hand side of (12), denoted as RðzÞ, has a global maximum of 1 at z¼0; see Fig. 1.] This leads to 2π2=ðNcNfÞ¼π2=3 20 JBC events were included for JBC sub-analysis of either CD21lo(c–e) or all cells ( f–h) for c,fIgD+CD27+IgM+,d,gIgD−CD27+IgM+, and e,h IgD−CD27+IgG+subsets. Individual donors are plotted, and bars represent the mean ± SD. pvalues were determined using the Mann-Whitney U test, and significant values are indicated on each panelYoung-Glazer et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy (2021) 23:33 Page 8 of 14" 1069 W2090290137.pdf 12 "Effect of L-cysteine deprivation on vesicular trafficking, cytoskeleton, and secretion Response to changing envi ronmental conditions by eukaryotic cells also includes modulation of protein degradation, targeting, transport to specific organelles,and secretion. Amino acid deprivation has been shownto regulate vesicular trafficking, secretion, exocytosis,and autophagy [46]. L-Cysteine limitation also modu-lates several proteins associated with these processes in E. histolytica . For example, four genes encoding putative cysteine proteases (EHI_123950, EHI_121160, EHI_160330, EHI_182260) were down-regulated in atime-dependent manner during L-cysteine deprivation(Table 2; Additional file 3). A gene encoding vacuolarprotein sorting 26 (Vps26) was up-regulated during L-cysteine deprivation. In addition, several genes encodingg u a n i n en u c l e o t i d ee x c h a n g ef a c t o r s( R a s - G E F ) , GTPases, and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) were also modulated in response to L-cysteine deprivation.Modulation of the genes encoding putative ankyrin andactin binding protein suggested that L-cysteine depriva-tion may affect cytoskeleton re-organization, mobility and vesicular trafficking. Miscellaneous In addition to the modulation of above mentioned genesexpression of several other transcripts was also changedupon L-cysteine deprivation. For example, a transcriptfor a putative heat shock protein 20 was induced 4-5fold, and two WD40 domain- containing proteins were down-regulated 3-4 fold upo n L-cysteine deprivation (Additional files 2 and 3). WD-repeat proteins are alarge family found in almost all eukaryotes and impli- cated in a variety of cellular functions ranging from sig- nal transduction and transcription regulation to cellcycle control. One of the common functions of most ofthe WD-repeat proteins is to coordinate multi-proteincomplex assemblies [47]. Several genes encoding leu-cine-rich repeat proteins were down-regulated 3-6 foldat early time points upon L-cys teine deprivation (Addi- tional file 3). Leucine-rich repeats serve as recognition motifs for surface proteins in bacteria and eukaryotes. Repression of genes encoding ISF causes growth defects In order to further characterize the functional role of the genes induced upon L-cysteine deprivation, we uti-lized the epigenetic silencing in E. histolytica G3 strain to repress genes of interest [48,49]. Using this epigeneticsilencing strategy, we were able to repress ( ≥90%) two genes encoding ISFs (ISF1, EHI_138480 and ISF2,EHI_025710) that were highly induced gene upon L-cysteine deprivation (Figure 6A). However, we could notrepress the third highly induced gene (MFS;EHI_173950). Repression of ISF2, but not of ISF1,showed slight growth deflects when cultured in normalmedium. However, a severe growth defect in ISF2-repressed, and relatively mild growth defect in ISF1-repressed G3 trophozoites were observed in L-cysteine-deprived medium (Figure 6B). We also checked ifrepression of ISF1 or 2 also affects the tolerance of tro- phozoites to H 2O2mediated cytotoxicity. However, no significant difference in the tolerance to H 2O2cytotoxi- city was observed (Figure 6C ). L-Cysteine deprivation induced growth defects in ISF1- and 2-repressed G3 tro- phozoites suggest that in addition to their proposedroles in combating oxidative stress, ISF1 and 2 proteinsmay also play important roles under L-cysteine depriva-t i o n .T h e s eI S Fa r ev e r ys i m i l a rt ob a c t e r i a lN A D P H - dependent FMN reductases, which are induced upon sulfate or L-cysteine starvation [50]. In Escherichia coli, this enzyme, called a two-component alkanesulfonatemonooxygenase, allows utilization of alkanesulfonates assulfur sources under sulfate or cysteine starvation [29].However, it still remains unclear whether ISFs in Enta- moeba are also involved in similar processes. Conclusions This study represents the first genome-wide analysis oftranscriptional changes induced by L-cysteine depriva-tion in protozoan parasites, and in eukaryotic organismswhere L-cysteine represents the major intracellular thiol.We showed global changes in the expression of genesimplicated in metabolism, signalling, oxidative defence,DNA/RNA regulation, and transport. Although a large number of genes were modulated upon L-cysteine deprivation, significant transcriptional changes in genesinvolved in SAA metabolism were not observed, whichconfirmed that changes in the metabolic flux acrossSAA metabolism are not caused by the changes in theexpression of corresponding genes. Similarly, we alsoshowed that the changes in the gene expression inducedby L-cysteine deprivation are not shared by those induced by oxidative or nitrosative stress. The most important changes that occurred upon L-cysteine depri-vation were the induction of iron sulfur flavoproteinsand major facilitator super-family transporter. Repres-sion of ISF1 and 2 genes caused growth defects underL-cysteine-deprived conditions. Further studies on thekinetic and biochemical analysis of ISFs and MFS trans-porter, and their regulation should help to better under- stand the physiological role of these proteins in the biology of E. histolytica . L-Cysteine depletion mediated time-dependent changes in the expression of RENTssuggest that similar to other eukaryotic cells, NMD mayalso be functional in E. histolytica . This study also con- firmed that most of the L-cysteine deprivation-mediatedmetabolomic changes in amino acid, central energy, andphospholipid metabolism are not associated with theHusain et al .BMC Genomics 2011, 12:275 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/275Page 13 of 18" 1070 W3178822845.pdf 1 "fmicb-12-681014 July 14, 2021 Time: 15:11 # 2 Wu et al. Effect of Multispecies Probiotic on Dairy Calves of diarrhea in pre-weaning calves (during the first 4 weeks of life). There was a significant improvement in growth performance, reduction in calf diarrhea, balance in the fecal microbiota, and an overall improvement in serum immunity, compared with the control group. We, therefore, recommend adding 2 g/day of multispecies probiotic mixture supplementation in diets of dairy calves during their first 4 weeks of life before weaning. Keywords: multispecies probiotic, growth, diarrhea, microbiota, calves INTRODUCTION Neonatal diarrhea occurs frequently in dairy calves all over the world, causing huge economic and productivity losses that undermine healthy and sustainable development of animal husbandry (Donovan et al., 1998, 2002; El-Seedy et al., 2016). Moreover, even if calves recover from the diarrhea, their subsequent growth and development are hindered, which later affects their productivity in adulthood (Heinrichs and Heinrichs, 2011). Generally, feed supplementation could reduce the incidence of diarrhea and improve the health of calves. Therefore, it is very important to determine the application of effective antidiarrheal agents (Caruso, 2018; Wang et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2018) in dairy farming since the European Union (Casewell et al., 2003) and China (Ministry of agriculture and rural areas, 2019) prohibited the use of antimicrobial growth promoters. In 2014, the International Association of Probiotics and Prebiotic Sciences (ISAPP) emphasized the importance of probiotics in improving the survivability of animals (Markowiak and ´Sli˙zewska, 2018). Probiotics are defined as “living organisms that bring health benefits to the host at an appropriate dose” (Hill et al., 2014). Multispecies probiotics (MSPs) were more effective than single-strain probiotics, especially in treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children (Ki et al., 2012; Łukasik and Szajewska, 2018), improving animal growth performance (Renaud et al., 2019), resisting bacterial infection (Perdigon et al., 1990; Avila et al., 1995; Lema et al., 2001; Woof and Kerr, 2006; Ehrenstein and Notley, 2010; Collumbien et al., 2012; Crassini et al., 2018), weight gain after stimulation post-enteritis (Renaud et al., 2019), and improving intestinal microbiota (Cruywagen et al., 1996; Chen et al., 2015; He et al., 2017; Hod et al., 2018; Biagioli et al., 2019). Multispecies probiotics [ Lactobacillus acidophilus (McFarland et al., 2018; Łukasik and Szajewska, 2018), Bacillus subtilis (Rui and Ma, 2020), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Thévenot et al., 2015)] have achieved certain results in human application, and there are similar reports in animals. Studies have found that Lactobacillus acidophilus (Sharma et al., 2018), Bacillus subtilis (Sun et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2017; Wood et al., 2019), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Fomenky et al., 2018; Villot et al., 2019) can improve calf growth performance by improving immune function and balancing the structure of intestinal microbiota. The objectives of this study are: (1) To evaluate whether MSP supplementation can reduce the incidence of diarrhea in pre-weaning calves whileimproving the growth performance. (2) To evaluate whether the MSP supplementation can improve serum immunity (IgA, IgG, and IgM) in pre-weaning calves. (3) To evaluate whether MSP supplementation can affect the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota of pre-weaning calves. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study has been approved by the ethics committee of the College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University (No. A2019-155-01). Preparation of the Multispecies Probiotics Mixture Probiotic strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus S5 (Wu, 2013), Bacillus subtilis No. Bzg988118 (Bao, 2013), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae SHZ2017 were provided by the Biological Feed Laboratory of the College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, China. In vitro analyses revealed that all three strains have the potential benefits of probiotics, inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens (i.e., Escherichia coli K99, Salmonella , and Staphylococcus aureus ), resist low pH and bovine bile salts, and tolerance to artificial gastrointestinal environment (Wu et al., 2021). Each of the three strains were cultured, respectively, in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe medium (MRS), yeast peptone dextrose (YPD), and Luria–Bertani (LB) medium (purchased from Qingdao Gaokeyuan Haibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China), where L. acidophilus was anaerobically cultured at 37C for 20 h, while S. cerevisiae and B. subtilis were cultured on a shaker at 37C for 20 h, as described by Dong et al. (2013) after cultivation. One liter of the bacterial culture enrichment was centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 3 min to remove the bacterial supernatant. The precipitation was washed with 60 ml of sterile PBS buffer including 5% glycerol and 20% skim milk powder (Shu et al., 2015), then mixed with 0.25 kg bran and freeze dried. The ratio of the three strain probiotics complex was 3:3:1, representing L. acidophilus ,B. subtilis , and S. cerevisiae fermentum based on previous research (Wu et al., 2021). Animals and Diet Forty Chinese Holstein female calves (age = 6 3 days, BW = 40.862.65 kg) were selected and randomly assigned into four treatment groups with 10 calves per group. All the Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 2 July 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 681014" 1071 W4225078725.pdf 3 "Page 4 of 11 Shen et al. Applied Biological Chemistry (2022) 65:7 Detections of cytokines The level of TNF-α, NO and IL-6 in the supernatant of RAW264.7 cells of compound 18 was determined by ELISA. Cytotoxicity assay HepG2 (hepatocellular), KB (oral epithelial), Hela (cervi - cal), MCF-7 (human breast) and A-549 (lung) cancer cell lines (provided by Shanghai Cell Bank) were maintained in RPMI 1640 at 37  °C supplemented with 10% FBS. Cytotoxicity was determined by the SRB method [12], with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as positive control. The IC50 value is calculated using the GraphPad 7.00 prism. Western blot analysis Western blotting experiment was performed to investi - gate effect of compound 18 on protein level of p-IKBα, p-IKKα/β, NF-κB p-P65, P65, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. RAW264.7 cells were dispensed in 6 well plates for 24–48  h. Cells were treated with HFPS and induced by LPS for 24–48 h. Cells were collected after treatment and lysed. The Western blot analysis were determined based on method described of Li et al. [13]. Results and discussion Twenty four limonoids 1–24 were isolated from the C. tabularis barks through repeated silica gel, C18 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. 1–17 were identified as phragmalin limonoid orthoesters and 19–24 were norphragmalin limonoids from the spectroscopic data and confirmed with literature data. Tabularisin Q (1) was found as white amorphous pow - der, having molecular formula of C41H48O20 according to its HRESI-MS ion at m/z 883.2625 [M + Na]+ (calcd for C41H48O20Na, 883.2637) which indicated eighteen degrees of unsaturation. IR spectra indicated absorp - tion bands of hydroxy and ester moieties at 3489 and 1753  cm−1. 1H-NMR spectrum implied two singlet meth - yls (δH 0.89, 1.60), four acetyls (δH 2.22, 2.05, 2.07, 2.15), one methoxy (δH 3.81), a typical β substituted furan ring (δH 6.66, s; 7.71, s; 7.61, s), and one isobutyroyl [δH 1.11 (d, J = 4.3  Hz, 3H), 1.22 (d, J = 4.3  Hz, 3H) (Table  1). 13C-NMR spectra of 1 confirmed the existence of nine methyls and one methoxy, two methenes, six oxygen - ated and three olefinic methines, five oxygenated and one olefinic quaternary carbons, and six carbonyls (Table  1). One furan ring, one isobutyryl, and six esters are 10 degrees unsaturated, and remaining 8 degrees unsatu - rated require an octacyclic core. The carbon signal at δC 119.3 (C-31) in 13C NMR spectra demonstrated that 1 was phragmalin limonoid orthoester [14, 15]. The 13, 14, 18 cyclopropane ring was noticed in HMBC spectra of H-18, H-17, and H-11 with C-13; H-17, H-30, H-18, and H-15 to C-14; and H-17, H-15, and H-12 to C-18, and was supported by the quarterly carbon signal of upfield displacement at δC 33.6 (C-13) and 31.1 (C-14) and meth - ylene at δC 16.2 (C-18) compared to that of phragmalin limonoids (Fig.  1A) [5]. The comprehensive analysis of 1, especially HMBC spectra confirmed the skeleton struc - ture of phragmalin limonoid, whose methoxy group is connected to C-7 (Fig.  1). NMR analysis showed presence of three acetoxy groups (δH2.15, 2.22, 2.05; δC 21.8, 171.7; 21.0, 169.3; 19.9, 171.7) at C-2, C-6 and C-15 based on the low-field judgment of C-2 at δC 82.7, C-6 at δC 70.6 and C-15 at δC 69.9 compared to 2 (Table  1). The HMBC correlation of H-3 and OAc-3, H-6 and OAc-6, and H-15 and OAc-15 confirmed this allocation (Fig.  1A). Table 1 (continued) No. 1a2b18b δH (J inHz) δC δH (J inHz) δC δH (J inHz) δC 12-OAc 169.2 171.7 2.14 (s, 3H) 20.8 2.00 (s, 3H) 19.5 15-OAc 171.7 170.9 2.05 (s, 3H) 19.9 2.22 (s, 3H) 19.9 1′ 174.6 170.6 5.16 (m) 73.1 2′ 2.49 (m) 33.6 2.53 (m) 32.6 171.0 3′ 1.11 (d, 4.3, 3H) 19.3 1.11 (d, 5.7, 3H) 18.3 4′ 1.22 (d, 4.3, 3H) 19.3 1.60 (d, 5.7, 3H) 18.3 1′-OAc 170.9 2.19 (s, 3H) 19.5 2′-OMe 3.69 (s, 3H) 52.2 a Recorded in CDCl3 b Recorded in CD3OD" 1072 W4392559662.pdf 11 "Clube and Hazemba 10.3389/frsus.2024.1300904 Frontiers in Sustainability 12 frontiersin.org5.3 Ensure fundamental systems support circularity Although complex and multifaceted, there are opportunities to reform how the existing systems operate to create an enabling environment for a CE. The findings point at economic, environmental, and social benefits by increasing collection rates; segregating wastes streams; and recycling. Most fundamentally, bolstering collection rates is imperative to reach the NDC targets, which were built on the assumption of 80% collection and landfilling by 2050 ( Republic of Zambia, 2021 ). There are opportunities for policymakers to support uptake of innovative approaches to improve affordability, as this appears – according to the findings and the literature - to be a limiting factor to improving basic waste servicing (Wragg and Lim, 2015 ; Chileshe and Moonga, 2019 ). Various avenues worthy of exploration emerged in the findings. For instance, properly enforcing the EPR might involve mandating the formation of Producer Responsibility Organizations (e.g., see AGS, 2022a , p. 9) or proper government collection of recovered fees (e.g., from the plastic bag levy), which could be  injected into collection or circularity activities. Moreover, it was identified that there is potential to use existing payment services (e.g., pre-paid mobile phone credit mechanisms) to enable citizens to accessibly contribute to waste services. Socially inclusive policies have also been identified in the literature. For instance, Colombia has a stratum system where wealthier geographic zones cross-subsidize lower income neighborhoods ( Calderón Márquez and Rutkowski, 2020 ) whereas in Cameroon the collection fee is based on total household earnings (Sotamenou et al., 2019 ). Accurate data systems are missing. Data could be improved by embracing novel technologies, such as digital systems and mobile business models. These approaches have gained support in the academic literature as both a source of community economic opportunity (e.g., digital platforms can connect waste collectors to buyers) and institutional value (e.g., providing real-time volume and composition data) ( Oyinlola et al., 2022 ). Hence, if championed by policymakers, these digital tools could be cost- effective and inclusive. Furthermore, accurate data is needed to set objectives and monitor progress ( Fitch-Roy et  al., 2021 ), including for international agendas, such as NDCs and SDGs. Quantification of waste flows is also essential for prospective investors: if accurate data was available  - and fundamental collection services were in place - then this could help stimulate new value chains to emerge. For example, if glass was collected and measured, then investors would be able to make informed decisions about the viability of starting a glass recycling plant. Therefore, developing fundamental systems will also foster circular innovation (discussed in section 5.5). 5.4 Strong implementation and enforcement There was a sentiment that the general policy and legislative approach on paper could be compatible with the goals of the CE, but implementation has so far lagged. For instance, SWRMA ’s waste is a resource umbrella principle is fundamental but requires implementation of complimentary measures (e.g., SIs). Similar challenges have been identified in Zambia, such as regarding sustainable infrastructure ( Zulu et al., 2022 ) and the Zambia clean-up campaigns ( Chileshe and Moonga, 2019 ). Furthermore, low enforcement of implemented legislations can hinder the transformative impacts of policy. In this study the introduction of the EPR, which is well-aligned with circularity (Velis, 2017 ), has not had much impact since enforcement has been lax. This agrees with previous observations regarding this SI (e.g., AGS, 2022a ). However, policy reforms must be accompanied by consistent enforcement to be effective ( Chileshe and Moonga, 2019 ; Asare et  al., 2023 ). Some possible reasons behind low enforcement could link to capacity and financial constraints, for instance a lack of physical presence of government ministries and agencies. This finding mirrors that of Zulu et al. (2022) who also found that the lack of physical presence of ZEMA means that there are no repercussions for non-compliance. The findings of this study are preliminary so it is important to fully examine the reasons behind these gaps, as studies indicate that they can be wide-ranging and intertwined ( Chileshe and Moonga, 2019 ; Behuria, 2021 ). Hence, this presents a valuable topic for more nuanced research. 5.5 Foster circular innovation The findings indicate limited policy support for entrepreneurship and new entrants, which stifles innovation. Nonetheless, there are a growing number of empirical case studies of the commercial successes in the region, so investing in circularity may become more politically palatable overtime. Oyinlola et al. (2022) suggest that the growing diffusion of innovations will demonstrate the viability of business models as the market grows. Further, Godfrey et al. (2021) , suggest that these business models will become more attractive as market dynamics shift, such as when the costs of alternative management approaches increase; sustainability goals become more institutionalized; and regulation is enacted. As noted by other scholars in an African context, there is an opportunity for more proactive governance to foster circular value creation ( Muriithi and Ngare, 2023 ). In agreement with Banda et al. (2023) , the findings point to opportunities to support investment interest through SIs for sector-specific tax exemptions and benefits; tariff-free imports on equipment; investment funds and other fiscal incentives; and dedicated registration codes. Alongside capitalizing on existing mechanisms more strategically (e.g., CDF), the creation of dedicated investment schemes could harness circular innovation to complement other policy goals, as demonstrated by other strategies applied in the region (e.g., Rwanda introduced incentives for recycling in harmony with plastics reduction instruments) ( Adebiyi-Abiola et al., 2019 ; Syberg et al., 2021 ; Ogutu et al., 2023 ). A key question remains as to where funds might come from, and identifying effective finance mechanisms is important. It was suggested in the interviews that if the EPR was fully enforced then associated fees could be a readily available source of finance. Participation in regional programs (e.g., ACEA) may open-up funding opportunities, while providing case studies for entrepreneurship, knowledge transfer and collaborations ( Desmond and Asamba, 2019 )." 1073 W3209333570.pdf 29 " Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultur al Science s http://www.jebas.org Pharmaceutical potential of laboratory grown cultures of blue-green algae: a comprehensive review and future possibilities 570 dependent and independent methods. Frontiers in Microbiology 10: 1018. Reshef V, Mizrachi E, Maretzki T, Silberstein C, Loya S, Hizi A, Carmeli S (1997) New acetylated sulfoglycolipids and digalactolipids and related known glycolipids from cyanobacteria with potential to inhibit the reverse transcriptase of HIV -1. Journal of Natural Products 60: 1251 -1260. Riba M, Kiss -Szikszai A, Gonda S, Parizsa P, Deák B, Török P, Vasas G (2020) Chemotyping of terrestrial Nostoc -like isolates from alkali grassland areas by non -targeted peptide analysis. Algal Research 46: 101798. Rippka R, Deruelles J, Waterbury JB, Herdman M, Stanier RY (1979) Generic assignments, strain histories and properties of pure cultures of cyanobacteria. Microbiology 111: 1 - 61. Romay C, Ledon N, Genzalez R (1999) Phycocyanin extract reduces leukotriene B4 levels in arachidonic acid -induced mouse - earinflammation test. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 51(5): 641 -642. Safari R, Raftani Amiri Z, Esmaeilzadeh Kenari R (2020) Antioxidant and anti bacterial activities of C -phycocyanin from common name Spirulina platensis. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 19(4): 1911 -1927. Sami N, Ahmad R, Fatma T (2021) Exploring algae and cyanobacteria as a promising natural source of antiviral drug against SARS -CoV-2 Biomedical Journal 44(1) 54 -62. Saurav K, Macho M, Kust A, Delawská K, Hájek J, Hrouzek P (2019) Antimicrobial activity and bioactive profiling of heterocytous cyanobacterial strains using MS/MS -based molecular networking. 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Shi SR, Cote RJ, Taylor CR (1999) Standardization and further development of antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry: strategies and future goals. Journal of Histotechnology 22(3):177 -92. Shishido TK, Popin RV, Jokela J, Wahlsten M, Fiore MF, Fewer DP, Herfindal L, Sivonen K (2020) Dereplication of natural products with antimicrobial and anticancer activity from Brazilian cyanobacteria. Toxins 12(1):12.DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010012. Singh IP, M illigan KE, Gerwick WH (1999) Tanikolide, a toxic and antifungal lactone from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya m ajuscula. Journal of Natural Products 62(9):1333 -5. Singh SM, Elster JOSEF (2007) Cyanobacteria in Antarctic lake environments. In: Algae and cyanobacteria in extreme environments. Springer, Dordrecht Pp. 303 -320. Singh U, Singh AK, Asthana RK (2021a) Bioactive molecules from microalgae and constraints in commercialization. Natural Bioactive Compounds Pp. 143 -164. Singh U, Singh P, Singh AK, Kum ar D, Tilak R, Shrivastava SK, Asthana RK (2021b) Identification of antifungal and antibacterial biomolecules from a cyanobacterium, Arthrospira platensis . Algal Research 54:102215. Smetana S, Sandmann M, Rohn S, Pleissner D, Heinz V (2017) Autotrophic and heterotrophic microalgae and cyanobacteria cultivation for food and feed: life cycle assessment. Bioresource Technology 245: 162 -170. Spoehr HA, Milner HW (1949) The chemical composition of Chlorella; effect of environmental conditions. Plant physiology 24(1):120. Sridhar K, Inbaraj BS, Chen BH(2021) Recent developments on production, purification and biological activity of marine peptides. Food Research International 147: p.110468. Srivastava VC, Manderson GJ, Bhamidimarri R (1999) Inhibitory metabolites production by the cyanobacterium Fischerellamuscicola. Microbiological Research 153(4):309 -17. Stanier G (1988) Fine structure of cyanobacteria. Methods in Enzymology 167:157 -172. Stevenson CS, Capper EA, Roshak AK, Marquez B, Eichman C, Jackson JR, Mattern M, Gerwick WH, Jacobs RS, Marshall LA (2002) The identification and characterization of the marine natural product scytonemin as a novel antiproliferative pharmacophore." 1074 W2045349554.pdf 1 "Rev Assoc Med Bras 2004; 50(1): 1-20 19DISCUSSÃO A síndrome de Goodpasture é uma patologia mediada pelo sistema imuno-lógico, na qual auto-anticorpos contra acadeia a 3 (IV) do colágeno tipo IV se ligamà membrana basal, alveolar e glomerular,causando glomerulonefrite progressiva ehemorragia pulmonar. Descrita inicial-mente como uma síndrome pulmão-rim,em 1919 por Goodpasture 1,2, o epônimo foi primeiramente utilizado por Stanton eTange em 1958. A presença de auto-anticorpos apresentando depósito linearfoi demonstrada nos anos 60 3. O mecanismo de injúria renal e pulmonar é complexo. No rim, osanticorpos se ligam à membrana basal, ati-vam a cascata do complemento e deproteases, tal ativação provoca ruptura dabarreira glomerular e da cápsula deBowman, causando proteinúria, hema-túria e facilitando a formação de cres-centes. O setor celular com os linfócitosT CD4 e CD8+, macrófagos e neutrófilosparticipam da agressão produzindo, entreoutros, interleucina 12 e interferon g quemedeiam a formação de crescentes 4. A doença apresenta maior prevalência na população branca, com distribuiçãoetária bimodal, com maior freqüênciaaos 30 e aos 60 anos. Grande parte dospacientes apresenta combinação de glome-rulonefrite rapidamente progressiva e he-morragia alveolar, podendo em 30% a40% dos casos exibir acometimento renalisolado caracterizado por hematúria,D iscussão de casoiscussão de casoiscussão de casoiscussão de casoiscussão de caso proteinúria leve a moderada, ou mesmo insuficiência renal aguda. O acometimentopulmonar é mais comum em homens jo-vens, manifesta-se clinicamente por disp-néia e tosse, com ou sem hemoptise.A presença de infiltrado alveolar ao raio-Xsimples de tórax pode acompanhar o caso,porém é pouco específico. Anticorpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilo (Anca) estão presentes em 30% dos pacientes com doença antimembrana basal 5. Ao contrário de outras vasculites Anca positiva, histologicamente o padrão dadoença é tipicamente monofásico, comlesões glomerulares de estadio de evolu- ção semelhante 6. No exame de imuno- fluorescência quase todos os pacientesapresentam depósitos lineares de IgG namembrana basal, C3 e, ocasionalmente,IgA e IgM. A doença não tratada geralmente apresenta um prognóstico ruim. A intro- dução do tratamento combinado de plas-maferese (remoção de anticorpos pato-gênicos), agentes alquilantes tais como aciclofosfamida (prevenção de síntese de novos anticorpos) e corticoterapia (ação antinflamatória) revolucionaram a evolu-ção da doença. O prognóstico na apresentação do quadro clinico é pior se há oligúria, fibro-se renal avançada ou mais que 50% de crescentes na biópsia renal. Nível eleva- do de creatinina (creatinina pré-trata-mento > 6,6 mg/dl) ou necessidade dediálise também se associam com piorevolução. A sobrevida em um ano é cerca de 75% a 90%. Pacientes com doença renal terminal que apresentam hemoptise devem sertratados. O quadro pulmonar é, freqüen-temente, responsivo a plasmaferese. A pre-sença de hemorragia alveolar é indicaçãoformal de tratamento intensivo, a despeitoda severidade do acometimento renal. CARLOS ALBERTO BALDA MARCELLO FABIANO DE FRANCO ANDREI ALKMIM TEIXEIRA , ERIKA FERRAZ HELENA MENDONÇA DISCIPLINA DE NEFROLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO PAULO – UNIFESP-EPM, S ÃO PAULO, SP. Referências 1. Salama AD, Levy JB, Lightstone L, Pusey CD: Goodpasture’s disease. Lancet 2001; 358:917-20. 2. Bolton WK, Nephrology Forum: Good- pasture’s syndrome. Kidney Int 1996;50:1753-66. 3. Stanton MC, Tange JD: Goodpasture’s syndrome. Aust N Z J Med 1958; 7:132-44.4. Jayne DR, Marshall PD, Jones SJ, Lockwood CM: Autoantibodies to GBM and neutrophil cytoplasm in rapidly progressive glomerulo-nephritis. Kidney Int 1990; 37:965-70. 5. Pusey CD: Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. Kidney Int 2003;64:1535-50. 6. Hudson BG, Tryggvason K, Sundaramoorthy M, Neilson EG: Alport’s syndrome, good-pasture’s syndrome, and type IV collagen. New Engl J Med 2003; 348:2543-56." 1075 W4324143825.pdf 3 "Page 4 of 9 Kim et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2023) 24:191 Subsequent surgery The 430 hybrid surgery patients contributed 436 proce - dural episodes to the subsequent surgery analysis, while the 2,136 mACDF patients contributed 2,180 episodes. Rates of subsequent surgery accounting for follow-up time were comparable across hybrid surgery and mACDF cohorts (Table  3). The hybrid surgery cohort had a rate of 1.9 surgeries/100 patient-years compared to a rate of 1.8 surgeries/100 patient-years for the mACDF cohort. The 2-level primary cohorts tended to have the lowest rates of subsequent surgery at 1.2 and 1.7 surgeries/100 patient- years in the hybrid surgery and mACDF cohorts, respec - tively. Rates of subsequent surgery increased slightly in the 3 +-level primary cohorts with the hybrid surgery and mACDF patients evidencing subsequent surgery rates at 2.2 and 1.8 surgeries/100 patient-years, respectively. The secondary surgery sub-cohorts had the highest rates of subsequent surgery with 5.5 surgeries/100 patient- years in the hybrid surgery cohort and 1.9 surgeries/100 patient-years in the mACDF cohort. Hospitalizations In the first 30 days following the first or second proce - dural episode there were 20 (4.6%) and 99 (4.5%) episodes with ≥1 all-cause hospitalization in the hybrid surgery cohort and mACDF cohorts respectively. A majority (77.3%) of these hospitalizations were spinal surgery- related, with 16 (3.7%) episodes in the hybrid surgery cohort and 76 (3.5%) episodes in the mACDF cohort. Overall, the average time to all-cause hospitalization (7.0 vs. 8.9 days) and rate of all-cause hospitalization (0.67% vs. 0.87% hospitalized/patient-year) were simi - lar between the hybrid surgery and mACDF cohorts respectively. Among the sub-cohorts the only difference between the hybrid surgery and mACDF patients was observed between the secondary surgery groups, with the secondary hybrid surgery sub-cohort evidencing a higher frequency of episodes with an all-cause hospi - talization (12.5% vs. 2.6%; p < 0.01) and a higher rate of 30-day all-cause hospitalization (1.64% vs. 0.33% hospi - talized/patient-year; p < 0.05) compared to the secondary mACDF sub-cohort (Table  3). At 90 days post-procedure there were 20 (4.6%) epi - sodes with ≥1 hospitalization in the hybrid surgery cohort, indicating no additional episodes with a hospi - talization past 30 days post-procedure. There were 140 (6.4%) episodes with a hospitalization in the 90 days fol - lowing the surgical procedure in the mACDF cohort. Again, the majority of hospitalizations at 90 days were classified as spinal surgery related (Table  3). The hybrid surgery cohort had a significantly shorter time to hospi - talization at 90 days both for all-cause (7.0 vs. 24.5 days; p < 0.01) and spinal surgery-related hospitalizations (7.6 vs. 22.9 days; p < 0.05) compared to the mACDF cohort. Consistent with the lack of new episodes with a hospital - ization post-30 days, the rate of all-cause hospitalization at 90 days was lower for the hybrid surgery cohort com - pared to the mACDF cohort (0.23% vs. 0.42% hospital - ized/patient-year; p < 0.05). Within the sub-cohorts, the frequency of episodes with a 90-day all-cause hospital - ization (3.0% vs. 6.5%; p < 0.05) and the rate of all-cause 90-day hospitalizations (0.14% vs. 0.42% hospitalized/ patient-year; p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the 2-level primary hybrid surgery cohort compared to the 2-level primary mACDF cohort. Conversely, the fre - quency of episodes with a 90-day all-cause hospitaliza - tion (12.5% vs. 4.2%; p < 0.05) and rate of 90-day all-cause hospitalizations (0.57% vs. 0.18% hospitalized/patient- year; p < 0.05) were higher in the secondary hybrid sur - gery cohort compared to the secondary mACDF cohort. Discussion The goal of hybrid surgery is to provide the most suit - able treatment for each cervical disc, making the proce - dure appropriate for select patients with different types of disease and different degrees of degeneration at adja - cent levels. This retrospective analysis of administrative claims-based data utilized the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Databases to investigate rates of subsequent surgery and hospitalization between patients undergoing hybrid surgery or mACDF to treat multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease. This study is one of the largest known analyses of real-world outcomes in patients receiving hybrid surgery to date.Table 1 Sample Attrition Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Hybrid SurgerymACDF N % N % Evidence of hybrid surgery or multilevel ACDF between January 1, 2014 and June 30, 2020 (first surgical procedure serves as the index date)558 100% 61,625 100% AND Age 18 or older on index 558 100% 61,587 99.90% AND Continuous enrollment for ³6 months prior to index444 79.60% 46,775 75.90% AND No evidence of ACDF or CDA procedures prior to index441 79.00% 46,464 75.40% AND No evidence of other related spinal surgeries in the pre-period (Total Pre-Match Sample)430 77.10% 45,818 74.30% Pre-match Sub-cohorts 2-level primary 262 60.90% 43,448 94.80% 3+-level primary 131 30.50% 1540 3.40% Secondary 37 8.60% 830 1.80% Post-match Samples Total Cohort 430 100% 2,136 100% 2-level primary 262 60.90% 1,310 61.30% 3+-level primary 131 30.50% 641 30.00% Secondary 37 8.60% 185 8.70%" 1076 W4390750210.pdf 13 "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol. 13, No. 1, 2024, E-ISSN: 222 6-6348 © 2024 127 Sorrentino, C. (2019). Creativity assessment in school: Reflection from a middle school italian study on giftedness. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7 (2), 556 -562. doi:10.13189/ujer.2019.070228 Subotnik, R. F., Olszewski -Kubilius, P., & Worrell, F. C. (2021). The Talent Development Megamodel: A Domain -Specific Conceptual Framework Based on the Psychology of High Performance. In R. J. Sternberg & D. Ambrose (Eds.), Conceptions of Giftedness and Talent (pp. 425 -442). Cham: Springer International Pu blishing. Tushnova, Y. (2020). Features of Social -Perceptual Properties of Mathematically Gifted Students. International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE), 8 (Special issue), 103 -112. doi:10.23947/2334 -8496 -2020 -8-SI-103- 112 United States Department of Education (2015). The Every Student Succeeds Act. https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th -congress/senate -bill/1177/text Vogelaar, B., Sweijen, S. W., & Resing, W. C. M. (2019). Gifted and average -ability children’s potential for solving analogy items. Journal of Intelligence, 7 (3). doi:10.3390/jintelligence7030019 Wechsler, S. M., Virgolim, A. M. R., Paludo, K. I., Dantas, I., Mota, S. P., & Minervino, C. A. M. (2022). Integrated assessment of children’s cognitive and creative abilities: Psychometric studies. Psico -USF, 27 (4), 721 -734. doi:10.1590/1413 -82712022270410 Zaia, P., Nakano, T. C., & Peixoto, E. M. (2018). Scale fo r identification of characteristics of giftedness: Internal structure analysis. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 35 (1), 39 -51. doi:10.1590/1982 -02752018000100005 " 1077 W2768092287.pdf 10 "transfer needed toprevent catastrophic costs byadding thevalue oforiginal cash transfer to ourestimated value ofadditional cash transfer needed toprevent catastrophic costs. Estimation ofTB-specific and TB-sensitive cash transfer budget needed toprevent cata- strophic costs. Toestimate thecountry-level budget that countries would need toprevent catastrophic costs forallpoor households targeted with aTB-specific versus aTB-sensitive approach, weconsidered that foreach approach avalue ofcash transfer sufficient toprevent catastrophic costs would beprovided toalltargeted households. Thus, wemultiplied countries' estimated TB-specific and TB-sensitive household-level total cash transfer needed toprevent catastrophic costs bythesizeofeach approach's target population, which foraTB-specific approach wasallhouseholds with aconfirmed TBdiagnosis inthecountries' poorest popula- tion quintile, and foraTB-sensitive approach washouseholds inpoverty already targeted by countries' established governmental poverty-reduction cash transfer programme. Sensitivity analysis Wetested thesensitivity ofourresults inBrazil, Colombia, Tanzania, and Mexico toimputa- tion ofmissing DSTB-related cost components byrepeating ouranalysis omitting rather than imputing thevalue ofmissing DSTB-related cost components [7].Weseparately tested the sensitivity ofourresults across allcountries included inthestudy totheuseof20% asthe threshold formeasuring countries' TB-related cost burden ascatastrophic. Wedidthisby repeating ouranalyses instead using a10% and 30% threshold. Results Fig1isaflow chart ofthereview process forassessing theeligibility ofcountries forinclusion inthisstudy. Argentina, Bangladesh, and South Africa hadtobeexcluded after insufficient publically available background information wasidentified foreligible cash transfer pro- grammes inthese countries. Consequently, 7countries were included inthedata analysis. Summary ofDSTB-related cost data Conducted inBrazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Ghana, Mexico, Tanzania, and Yemen between 2006 and 2012, survey sample sizes ranged from 94to320patients with active DSTBdisease (Table 1).Surveys collected data onDSTB-related costs incurred pre- and during-treat- ment, except inBrazil [33], Colombia [62], and Tanzania [63], where they only collected data during-treatment (Table 1).Surveys collected both direct and indirect cost data, except inMexico [64] where nodata was collected characterising indirect costs (Table 1).Incoun- tries where data was collected, methods forestimating indirect costs varied in2ways: 1) reported time losttravelling and waiting toreceive TBcare was multiplied bypatients' reported income [33,65]; or2)reported time losttravelling and waiting toreceive TBcare was multiplied byanestimate ofnational average income (gross national income percapita orofficial wage rate) [33,62,63,66]. InEcuador [66], data was collected onadditional costs described inthepublication asreferring toªloans, paying foradditional help and other impacts throughout thecourse ofTBillness.º The ambiguity ofthis cost category meant that itcould notbeclassified aseither direct orindirect costs and was thus reported asits own subcategory. Reported mean DSTB-related total costs forthecomplete TBillness ran- gedfrom $387 to$2,382 (Table 1).After imputing missing TB-related cost components in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Tanzania, estimated mean DSTB-related total costs ranged from $774 (95% CI:$618±$930) to$5,954 (95% CI:$4,997±$6,911), Table 1. Modelling cash transfer 'spotential toprevent TBcatastrophi ccosts PLOS Medicine |https://doi.or g/10.1371/ journal.pmed.1 002418 November 7,2017 11/28" 1078 W2950110455.pdf 8 "GRIFFITH AND LUO 9o f3 1 for each m=1,…,M. Similarly, Equation 19 becomes M∑ l=1( ∫U𝜙l(X)𝜙m(X)dX) Gl(t)=−∫UPe h(X,t)∇ X𝜙m(X)dX, (36) for each m=1,…,M. In practice, these integrals are approximated via Gaussian quadrature. 3.2.2 Immersed rigid structures For a fixed, rigid immersed structure, we directly evaluate the discretized Lagrangian penalty force Fh(X,t)via Fh(X,t)=𝜅( 𝛘h(X,0)−𝛘h(X,t)) −𝜂𝜕𝛘h 𝜕t(X,t). (37) Because 𝛘h(X,t)andFh(X,t)are defined in terms of the same basis functions, Fh(X,t)is given by Fh(X,t)=∑ lFl(t)𝜙l(X) (38) in which Fl(t)=𝜅(𝛘l(0)−𝛘l(t))−𝜂d𝛘l dt(t). (39) 3.2.3 Lagrangian inner products Letting[F]denote the vector of nodal coefficients of Fh, we write Equation 35 as [][F]=[ B], (40) in which []is the mass matrix that has entries of the form ∫U𝜙l(X)𝜙m(X)dX. Equation 36 may be rewritten similarly. The mass matrix []can also be used to evaluate the L2inner product of Lagrangian functions on U. In particular, for any Uh(X,t)=∑ lUl(t)𝜙l(X)andVh(X,t)=∑ lVl(t)𝜙l(s), (Uh,Vh)X=[U]T[][V]. (41) Different choices of mass matrices (eg, lumped mass matrices) induce different discrete inner products on U. To simplify notation, in the remainder of this paper, we drop the subscript hfrom our numerical approximations to the Lagrangian variables. 3.3 Lagrangian-Eulerian interaction We next describe Lagrangian-Eulerian coupling operators that take advantage of the kinematic information encoded in the FEapproximation to the deformation of the immersed structure. As in the conventional IB method, we approximate the singular delta function kernel appearing in the Lagrangian-Eulerian interaction equations by a smoothed d-dimensional Dirac delta function𝛿 h(x)that is of the tensor-product form 𝛿h(x)=∏d i=1𝛿h(xi). Except where otherwise noted, in this work, we take the one-dimensional smoothed delta function 𝛿h(x)to be the four-point delta function of Peskin.3 To compute an approximation to f=( f1,f2)on the Cartesian grid, we construct for each element Ue∈ha Gaussian quadrature rule with Nequadrature points Xe Q∈Ueand weights 𝜔e Q,Q=1,…,Ne. We then compute f1and f2on the edges of the Cartesian grid cells via" 1079 W2905303427.pdf 5 "    |  669 REISCH and SCHMI d genetic diversity is higher in populations from grasslands which were located close to other grasslands in 1830 and which exhibit higher levels of connectivity today. In the fragmented dry grass ‐ lands we analyzed here, SD is therefore mainly affected by the present land use, whereas GD is basically driven by historical and present landscape configuration. A positive correlation of SD and GD would indicate that the mechanisms driving species and genetic diversity are effective si ‐ multaneously at both levels of biodiversity. The absence of such a correlation, as observed here, implies in contrast that different mechanisms are effective at the two organizational levels. It has al ‐ ready been demonstrated that a lack of correlation between SD and GD may especially occur when the effects derived from the equi ‐ librium theory of island biogeography on SD and GD are postponed temporarily (Lamy et al., 2013). Delayed response of GD on fragmen ‐ tation has been already reported for some species (Münzbergová et al., 2013; Vandepitte, Jacquemyn, Roldán‐Ruiz, & Honnay, 2007) and can most likely be connected to the persistence and the life span of the analyzed perennial plant species. Simulation experiments revealed that, under conditions of limited dispersal, historical land ‐ scape structure might be still detectable after more than 100 gen ‐ erations (Landguth et al., 2010). The observed lack of correlation between SD and GD may therefore indicate that the study system has not yet reached equilibrium (Lamy et al., 2013) and that a posi ‐ tive SGDC does not before the footprint of the historical landscape configuration is lost. Moreover, the positive relationship between SD and GD may be concealed by different levels of habitat heterogeneity. Dry grasslands are semi‐natural ecosystems, which originated from grazing mainly by sheep (Poschlod & Wallis De Vries, 2002). It has already been shown that land use by grazing increases hab ‐ itat heterogeneity (Marion, Bonis, & Bouzillé, 2010; Moinardeau, Mesléard, & Dutoit, 2016). In contrast, abandonment and the joint lack of grazing lead to a dominance of grasses and decrease hab ‐ itat heterogeneity (Bobbink & Willems, 1987). Increasing habitat heterogeneity decreases the area available for the component species of a plant community and reduces, therefore, the size of the species’ populations. Since population size is positively cor ‐ related with GD (Leimu, Mutikainen, Koricheva, & Fischer, 2006), increased habitat heterogeneity may, therefore, lead to increasing SD while GD decreases simultaneously (Kahilainen et al., 2014). In a study on North American grasslands, it has recently been demonstrated that SD is positively linked to resource heteroge ‐ neity, whereas GD did not respond to this factor (Avolino & Smith, 2013). This supports our assumption that land use‐dependent levels of heterogeneity may contribute to the lack of correlation between SD and GD we observed here. 4 |  CONCLUSIONS The conservation of biodiversity, as defined by the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD; www.cbd.int/convention/text/), requires the protection of variation at the level of ecosystems, species, and genes. Whereas ecosystems and species have been in the focus of conservation for a long time, much less attention has been paid to intraspecific genetic variation. From the mostly positive relation ‐ ship between SD and GD, it has been derived that the protection of species may be attended by the conservation of genetic varia ‐ tion due to the parallel response of the two levels of biodiversity to environmental conditions (Kahilainen et al., 2014). It has even been suggested that genetic variation of common species predicts FIGURE 2 Relationship between species diversity (SD) and mean genetic diversity (GDm) for all species (a) and the grassland specialists (b). Correlations were not significant ( p > 0.05) " 1080 W1972457296.pdf 0 "Braz Dent J 17(3) 2006SEM and profilometer study of sharp stones 237 Braz Dent J (2006) 17(3): 237-242 Scanning Electron Microscopic and Profilometric Study of Different Sharpening Stones Roberto Antonio ANDRADE ACEVEDO1 Ana Karina Veloso CARDOZO2 José Eduardo César SAMPAIO3 1Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara, SP, Brazil 2Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil 3Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara, SP, Brazil Scaling and root planing contribute to the recovery of periodontal health. All periodontal instruments loose their fine cutting angle after use. To maintain this angle, correct sharpening is required using specifically designed stones. The characteristics of sharpeni ng stones can be compared to the blade of the instruments and also transported to root surface during instrumentation. Root smoothness is related to the quality of the blade. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of 9 sharpening stones by scanning electron microscopic and profilometric analyses. Ceramic and Neumar stones were very fine and both may be recommended to mainta in the sharpness of the instruments. Arkansas, Thompson and CE stones presented greater roughness with very regular and round particles, and are suitable for maintenance of the cutting angle. In addition, these stones may be indicated for the routine sh arpening of the instruments that are partly dull. Oxide Aluminum, Carborundum and JON stones were the coarsest with large irregular particl es and may be indicated for initial sharpening of totally dull instruments with completion of sharpening with finer stones. Key Words: scanning electron microscopy, scaling, dental instruments, roughness, sharpening stones. Correspondence: Prof. Dr. José Eduardo César Sampaio, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Arara quara, UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brasil. Tel: +55-16-3301-6369. Fax: +55-16-3301-6369. e-mail: jsampaio@foar.unesp.brISSN 0103-6440 INTRODUCTION Dental biofilm is the main etiologic factor for development of periodontal disease (1). Periodontaltherapy is based on not only the mechanical eliminationof supra- and subgingival bacterial biofilm but also ofcalculi, which can harbor microorganisms (2). Scaling and root planing (SRP) are efficient to carry out these objectives and to promote periodontal health (3). SRPshould be done with well-sharpened instruments be-cause the smoothness of root surface is directly relatedto the quality of the instrument cutting edge. After some strokes, all periodontal instruments loose their fine cutting edge and are less efficient for the removal of bacterial plaque, calculus and contaminatedcementum (4-6). A dull curette reduces the tactilesensitivity, increases the pressure required as well asprofessional fatigue and working time (4). Therefore, the grinding of one or two instrument surfaces withspecifically designed stones (natural or artificial, lubri- cated or not, fine or coarse) is necessary. It is very important to know sharpening tech- niques (7), as well as the type of stone that offers moreadvantages in terms of cutting angle fineness. Coarserstones have large abrasive crystals that cut quickly. Finestones have small particles and cutting speed is slower, proper for finishing and producing a delicate and smooth cutting edge. Considering that the characteristics of the cut- ting edge can be transported to the root surface duringSRP procedures (8,9), creating irregularities similar tothe sharpening stone employed, the purpose of this study was to evaluate 9 different types of sharpening stones, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and" 1081 W4366088474.pdf 0 "Como citar este artigo Robazzi MLCC, Suazo SVV. Retraction of Nursing scientific publications. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2023;31:e3921. [cited mês ano dia]; Available from: URL. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.0000.3921Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 2023;31:e3922 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.0000.3922 www.eerp.usp.br/rlae A retratação de publicações científicas da enfermagem Maria Lucia do Carmo Cruz Robazzi1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-5787 Sandra Valenzuela Suazo2 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1308-4835Editorial A palavra retratação é derivada do idioma latim retracto-are - tocar novamente, retomar, corrigir, retirar; tem o sentido de retirar o que se disse, dar o dito por não dito, desdizer, desculpar-se(1), reconhecer o erro(2). Em muitas situações há necessidade de ter-se uma retratação e, inclusive, no âmbito da ciência envolvendo, por exemplo, as publicações. Retratar textos científicos publicados não é fato novo; ocorre há anos no ambiente acadêmico/científico. A publicação retratada configura-se como um artigo ou livro retratado no todo ou em parte, por um autor ou autores ou um representante autorizado. O autor identifica uma citação previamente publicada e retrata-a por meio de uma publicação formal, ou dele mesmo, ou do editor ou outro agente autorizado(3). Já a retratação de uma publicação trata-se de uma declaração publicada por um ou mais autores de um artigo ou um livro, retirando ou confrontando sua participação na realização da pesquisa ou registro escrito dos resultados de seu estudo(4). As retratações de publicação acontecem quando as descobertas científicas não são mais consideradas confiáveis, decorrentes de má conduta ou erro científico, plágio de estudos publicados anteriormente ou violação de diretrizes éticas(5). Quando há suspeita e/ou confirmação de condutas antiéticas como falsidade de dados, falta de consentimento dos participantes, problemas metodológicos, dados clonados e plágio, entre outros, deve acontecer a retratação do que foi publicado. Mas ocorre, também, quando o artigo é falacioso e não apresenta arcabouço teórico para as afirmações feitas e quando há viés, conflito de interesses e dados tendenciosos(6). A revisão por pares solicitada pelos editores, na maioria das vezes, contribui para a clareza e qualidade do artigo submetido a um periódico, detectando equívocos e interpretações errôneas(7). Entretanto, em algumas avaliações, percebe-se a devolutiva de pareceres frágeis e que pouco auxiliam para a melhoria da qualidade do artigo que está sendo avaliado. Identifica-se, então, que essa prática está se tornando mais comum, advinda da pressão pelo cumprimento de prazos para publicação e do não discernimento editorial em identificar, previamente, problemas com os textos submetidos, aprovados e publicados, como os casos de plágios e de falsificação de dados de pesquisa(8). 1 Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Centro Colaborador da OPAS/OMS para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Enfermagem, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. 2 Universidad de Concepción. Facultad de Enfermería, Departamento del Adulto y Adulto Mayor, Concepción, Chile.2023;31: e3921 10.1590/1518-8345.0000.3921 " 1082 W2753359558.pdf 2 "www.nature.com/scientificreports/3 Scientific RepoRts | 7: 10523 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-10868-zwere investigated by 2′ ,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. As shown in Fig.  1d, the ROS levels reflected by fluorescence intensity in the ALC (60 mM) or KET (100 μM) alone treatment groups were significantly increased compared with that of the control group (p < 0.01). ALC (60 mM) and KET (100 μM) co-exposure for 24 h further increased the levels of ROS compared with the ALC or KET alone treatment groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructural changes after treatment with ALC and/or KET. As shown in Fig.  1e, the nuclear membrane was smooth with normal chroma- tin, and the mitochondrial membrane was smooth with normal mitochondrial cristae in the control group. ALC (60 mM) or KET (100 μM) alone treatment for 24 h led to chromatin margination and decreased mitochondrial cristae, which were more obvious when cells were co-exposed with ALC (60 mM) and KET (100 μM) for 24 h. KET-induced cell viability decrease in primary cultured neuronal cells is potentiated by ALC. Primary cultured neuronal cells of the cortex were used to further test the effect of ALC on KET-induced neurotoxicity. As shown in Fig.  2, ALC (10–70 mM, Fig.  2a) or KET (10–300 μM, Fig.  2b) treatment for 24 h dose-dependently decreased the cell viability of neurons. Based on the above data, further experiments were conducted to study the effect of ALC (10 mM) and KET (10 μM) co-exposure for 24 h on the cell viability of pri- mary cultured neuronal cells. The different doses were used between PC12 cells and primary cultured neuronal cells because different cell types have various sensitivities to ALC or KET. As shown in Fig.  2c, ALC (10 mM) and KET (10 μM) co-treatment for 24 h significantly decreased neuronal viability compared with ALC or KET treatment alone at the same dose (p < 0.05). Figure  2d shows the morphological changes using β Ш-tubulin and 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. The neurons in the control group grew well with normal neu- ronal soma and synapses. ALC (10 mM) or KET (10 μM) treatment for 24 h decreased the number of neurons and disrupted neuronal soma and synapses, which can be found severer with co-exposure of ALC (10 mM) and KET (10 μM) for 24 h to the cells. ALC potentiates KET-induced decrease in cell viability and the involvement of AMPA/KA receptors. The AMPA/KA receptor inhibitor CNQX was used to confirm if AMPA/KA receptors are involved in the cytotox - icity of ALC and KET. The dose selection of CNQX was based on the reference24 and our preliminary experiments. Figure 2. Cell viability assessed by MTT assay and morphological change assessed by immunofluorescence staining in primary cultured cortical neurons. (a) ALC (10–70 mM) dose-dependently decreased the cell viability of neurons. (b) KET (10–300 μM) dose-dependently decreased the cell viability of neurons. (c) ALC (10 mM) potentiated KET (10 μM)-induced cell viability decrease of neurons. (d) ALC (10 mM) potentiated KET (10 μM)-induced morphological change assessed by immunofluorescence staining using βШ-tubulin and DAPI. Scale bar = 20 μm. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the control group. #p < 0.05 compared with the group treated with ALC and KET." 1083 W2150302329.pdf 2 "31 Rev Saúde Pública 2009;43(Supl. 1):29-35 a Wetzel C. Avaliação de serviços de saúde mental: a construção de um processo participativo. [tese de doutorado]. Ribeirão Pret o: Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da USP; 2005.saúde mental prioriza no campo da avaliação um olhar sistemático e cientí fi co sobre os serviços constituídos no processo de Reforma Psiquiátrica. O presente artigo teve por objetivo avaliar a satisfação dos usuários com o atendimento nos centros de atenção psicossocial. MÉTODOS O estudo foi realizado com parte dos dados de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre avaliação dos centros de atenção psicossocial (CAPS) da região Sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados em 2006 os CAPS dos estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Para realização da pesquisa foram utilizados os métodos quantitativo e qualitativo. A avaliação quantitativa acerca da qualidade da atenção pode orientar a exploração dirigida às estratégias mais efetivas em um processo de reestruturação dos serviços. 7-9 O estudo constituiu-se de três sub-estudos complementares: descrição das características da estrutura das unidades de atendimento; descrição do processo de trabalho e organização da atenção em saúde dos CAPS da região Sul; avaliação dos resultados da atenção em saúde mental. A amostra estudada incluiu coordenadores, trabalhadores, familiares e usuários de 30 centros de atenção psicosso-cial (CAPS I e CAPS II), distribuídos nos três estados, conforme a concentração de serviços por estado. No estado do Paraná, foram selecionados três muni- cípios: Cianorte (CAPS I) e Curitiba, Francisco Beltrão (ambos CAPS II). Em Santa Catarina, foram selecionados nove municípios: Xaxim, Timbó, Rio do Sul, Orleans e Içara (CAPS I), e Caçador, Joinville, Florianópolis e Criciúma (CAPS II). No Rio Grande do Sul, foram escolhidos nove CAPS I: Santo Ângelo, Panambi, Santiago, Bento Gonçalves, Triunfo, Parobé, São Sepé, Santana do Livramento, Capão do Leão; e nove CAPS II – Carazinho, Passo Fundo, Alegrete, Bagé, Santa Maria, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande, Esteio, e Porto Alegre. Os usuários e familiares sorteados para a amostra foram entrevistados nos CAPS e nos domicílios. Na perspectiva de aproximação com um efeito possível na mudança do modelo assistencial, o cálculo da amostra foi orientado pelos seguintes desfechos: satisfação do usuário; padrão de saúde e autonomia, inserção e cidadania. Para o cálculo da amostra foi utilizado um valor de erro alfa igual a 5% e um poder de 95% no software Epi Info 6.04. De acordo com as diferentes medidas e indicadores de variabilidade encontrados na literatura, foram utilizados para se obter valores com menor possibilidade de erro, mesmo frente a um incipiente acúmulo de investigações sobre esta perspectiva de atenção em saúde mental. Ao maior valor calculado foi acrescido 30% para controle de fator de confusão e perdas A amostra foi estruturada considerando as diferenças no nível de complexidade entre os três modelos de atenção previstos para os CAPS, totalizando 1.200 usuários e familiares. Considerando a concentração dos diferentes centros por estado e aspectos logísticos, foram de fi nidos para entrevista 40 usuários e 40 familiares em cada centro, em 30 CAPS. Entre os 40 usuários de fi niu-se uma divisão propor- cional conforme o nível de complexidade de atenção: em 12 intensivos; 12 não-intensivos e 16 semi-intensivos. Os questionários utilizados foram construídos e vali- dados a partir de indicações da legislação especí fi ca da atenção em saúde mental. Os instrumentos foram previa-mente testados em serviços que não integraram a amostra estudada. A satisfação do usuário foi avaliada pela Escala Brasileira de Avaliação da Satisfação (SATIS-BR). Esta escala, elaborada pela Divisão de Saúde Mental da OMS, foi validada no Brasil e utiliza uma escala tipo Likert de cinco pontos, na qual o cinco representa uma maior satisfação e o um, maior insatisfação. 3-5 Os dados foram colhidos por 14 entrevistadores previamente treinados e sob coordenação de dois supervisores. Os questionários aplicados foram codi fi cados pelo entrevistador, compondo banco de dados no software Epi Info, com dupla digitação independente. Após comparação dos dois arquivos, foram corrigidos os erros de amplitude e consistência. As análises foram realizadas no software Stata. O controle de qualidade foi realizado na aplicação dos instrumentos de coleta: por meio de checagem de cada entrevistador ao fi nal da entrevista; na revisão realizada pelos supervisores ao receber o questionário; na repli-cação de 5% das entrevistas realizadas. Para o estudo qualitativo, utilizou-se da avaliação de quarta geração – construtivista, responsiva e com abor- dagem hermenêutico-dialética. A avaliação de quarta geração, desenvolvida por Guba & Lincoln 10-12 e adap- tada por Wetzel (2005),a foi norteadora do processo teórico-metodológico da pesquisa. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram entrevistas com trabalhadores, usuários e familiares (de fi nidos como grupos de inte- resse para compor o círculo hermenêutico-dialético) e observação de campo (con fi gurando-se numa etno- grafi a prévia)." 1084 W3112005171.pdf 0 "1 Vol.:(0123456789) Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:4511 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83904-8 www.nature.com/scientificreportsBehavioral effects of continuous theta‑burst stimulation in macaque parietal cortex Lara Merken1,3, Marco Davare2, Peter Janssen1,3 & Maria C. Romero1,3* The neural mechanisms underlying the effects of continuous Theta‑Burst Stimulation (cTBS) in humans are poorly understood. Animal studies can clarify the effects of cTBS on individual neurons, but behavioral evidence is necessary to demonstrate the validity of the animal model. We investigated the behavioral effect of cTBS applied over parietal cortex in rhesus monkeys performing a visually‑ guided grasping task with two differently sized objects, which required either a power grip or a pad‑ to‑side grip. We used Fitts’ law, predicting shorter grasping times (GT) for large compared to small objects, to investigate cTBS effects on two different grip types. cTBS induced long‑lasting object ‑ specific and dose‑dependent changes in GT that remained present for up to two hours. High‑intensity cTBS increased GTs for a power grip, but shortened GTs for a pad‑to‑side grip. Thus, high‑intensity stimulation strongly reduced the natural GT difference between objects (i.e. the Fitts’ law effect). In contrast, low‑intensity cTBS induced the opposite effects on GT. Modifying the coil orientation from the standard 45‑degree to a 30‑degree angle induced opposite cTBS effects on GT. These findings represent behavioral evidence for the validity of the nonhuman primate model to study the neural underpinnings of non‑invasive brain stimulation. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is widely used to modulate brain activity in healthy volunteers and patients1–7. While a single TMS pulse can activate neurons (and induce a muscle twitch when applied over the primary motor cortex), repetitive TMS protocols can either temporarily increase or decrease neuronal excit- ability. Huang et al.8 described a reduction in the Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) after continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation (cTBS) over primary motor cortex, in which 50 Hz triplets of TMS pulses were administered every 200 ms (5 Hz) for 20 to 40 s. Since this seminal study, numerous publications have used cTBS as a tool to reduce cortical excitability and further investigate cTBS behavioral effects in humans9–13. Despite a vast body of TMS research, very little is known about the neuronal effects of this noninvasive neu- romodulation technique, which is partially due to the limited number of experimental models and tools explored until recent years. Previous TMS research has been mainly performed in combination with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) in humans. Because these two techniques pro- vide indirect measurements of neural activity, an animal model in which researchers apply TMS during invasive extracellular recordings was necessary. Mueller et al.14 recorded action potentials in awake monkeys shortly after the TMS burst. We recently charted the effect of single-pulse TMS on individual neurons in parietal cortex while monkeys were performing a grasping task15. TMS evoked a short burst of activity in single neurons, but the volume of cortex in which it induced a significant response was surprisingly small (2 by 2 by 2 mm). Moreover, the activation caused by TMS was frequently followed by reduced activity in task-related neurons, which was paralleled by a significant increase in grasping time (GT). The nonhuman primate (NHP) model therefore provides significant advantages compared to other animal models for the study of TMS effects on neural activity. The presence of sulci and gyri—similar to the human brain and unlike the brains of rodents—determines the current spread16 and thereby the size of the activated area. In addition, using NHPs we can test TMS effects in much more controlled conditions, which are more difficult to achieve in human volunteers. For example, the TMS coil can be rigidly positioned on the skull, at exactly the same location from day to day and with the same angle15, by anchoring it to a pair of rods previously implanted on the head of the animal, avoiding several potential sources of variability such as subtle differences in coil positioning. More importantly, NHPs can perform a number of motor tasks, which allows studying the effects of TMS on both neurons and behavior, so that the results can be compared with studies in humans. Similar OPEN 1Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. 2College of Health and Life Sciences and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Brunel University London, UxBridge UB8 3PN, UK. 3Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. *email: mela.romeropita@kuleuven.be" 1085 W4285727872.pdf 13 "Page 14 of 14 Austin and van Buuren BMC Medical Research Methodology (2022) 22:196 and epidemiological applications. A second limitation was that in all our simulations we fit a correctly specified imputation model. We thought that it was important to do so, as our intent was to examine the performance of MI in settings with a high prevalence of missing data. To do so, it is important to consider the ideal setting where everything is done correctly, and the only factor that varies is the proportion of missing data. In subsequent research, it would be important to consider the impact of using a mis-specified imputation model. We hypothesize that the effect of the rate of missing data will be ampli - fied when a mis-specified imputation model is used. In other words, MI will perform relatively well when there is little missing data and a mis-specified imputation model is used, whereas it will perform poorly when there is a high rate of missingness and a mis-specified imputa - tion model is used. Conclusions Multiple imputation can be used to estimate the coeffi - cients of a logistic regression model except when the sam - ple is small and the prevalence of missing data is very high. Abbreviations AMI: Acute myocardial infarction; EFFECT: Enhanced Feedback for Effective Cardiac Treatment; MAR: Missing at random; MCAR : Missing completely at random; MI: Multiple imputation; MICE: Multivariate imputation using chained equations; MSE: Mean squared error; PMM: Predictive mean matching. Acknowledgements Not applicable. Authors’ contributions PA conceived the study and conducted the simulations. PA wrote the first draft of the manuscript while SvB revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Authors’ information Not applicable. Funding ICES is an independent, non-profit research institute funded by an annual grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Ministry of Long- Term Care (MLTC). As a prescribed entity under Ontario’s privacy legislation, ICES is authorized to collect and use health care data for the purposes of health system analysis, evaluation and decision support. Secure access to these data is governed by policies and procedures that are approved by the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario. The opinions, results and conclusions reported in this paper are those of the authors and are independ- ent from the funding sources. No endorsement by ICES or the Ontario MOH or MLTC is intended or should be inferred. The dataset from this study is held securely in coded form at ICES. This research was supported by operating grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (PJT 166161). Dr. Austin is supported in part by a Mid-Career Investigator award from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario. Availability of data and materials The dataset from this study is held securely in coded form at ICES. While legal data sharing agreements between ICES and data providers (e.g., healthcare organizations and government) prohibit ICES from making the dataset publicly available, access may be granted to those who meet pre-specified criteria for confidential access, available at www. ices. on. ca/ DAS (email: das@ ices.on.ca). Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The use of the data in this project is authorized under section 45 of Ontario’s Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA) and does not require review by a Research Ethics Board. Written permission from one of two Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) Core Scientists is required to use the EFFECT dataset, and a privacy impact assessment for the overall project was submitted to and reviewed by ICES’ Privacy & Legal Office. Project team members are provided varying degrees of encoded data (i.e., direct personal identifiers removed and replaced with a confidential ICES code that enables linkages across datasets) based on the level of access their role permits. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Author details 1 ICES, G106, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada. 2 Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 3 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. 4 University of Utrecht, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands. 5 Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands. Received: 5 January 2022 Accepted: 30 June 2022 References 1. Rubin DB. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York: Wiley; 1987. 2. Tu JV, Donovan LR, Lee DS, Wang JT, Austin PC, Alter DA, et al. Effective - ness of public report cards for improving the quality of cardiac care: the EFFECT study: a randomized trial. J Am Med Assoc. 2009;302(21):2330–7. 3. van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R. J Stat Softw. 2011;45(3). 4. van Buuren S. Flexible imputation of missing data. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2018. 5. van Buuren S. Multiple imputation of multilevel data. In: Hox JJ, Roberts JK, editors. Handbook of Advanced Multilevel Analysis. New York: Rout - ledge; 2011. p. 173–96. 6. White IR, Royston P , Wood AM. Multiple imputation using chained equa- tions: issues and guidance for practice. StatMed. 2011;30(4):377–99. 7. Barnard J, Rubin DB. Small-sample degrees of freedom with multiple imputation. Biometrika. 1999;86(4):948–55. 8. Morris TP , White IR, Royston P . Tuning multiple imputation by predic- tive mean matching and localresidual draws. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:75. 9. Peduzzi P , Concato J, Kemper E, Holford TR, Feinstein AR. A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis. JClin Epidemiol. 1996;49(12):1373–9. 10. Lee JH. Multiple imputation with large proportions of missing data: how much is too much? 2011. Texas A&M Health Science Center. 11. Madley-Dowd P , Hughes R, Tilling K, Heron J. The proportion of missing data should not be used to guide decisions on multiple imputation. J Clin Epidemiol. 2019;110:63–73. Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in pub - lished maps and institutional affiliations." 1086 W4283455726.pdf 5 "Antioxidants 2022 ,11, 1253 6 of 13 Table 4. Concentration of AGEs and sRAGE isoforms in not malnourished, at risk of malnutrition and malnourished CKD patients. VariablesNot Malnourished (n= 37)Risk of Malnutrition (n= 51)Malnourished (n= 29)p AGEs (arbitrary unit) 2960 854 3031 779 3079 780 0.79 sRAGE (pg/mL) 2314 1115 2158 1236 2813 1477 0.035 esRAGE (pg/mL) 545 [380–730] 476 [355–680] 648 [408–1049] 0.033 cRAGE (pg/mL) 1704 844 1558 929 1996 1049 0.07 AGEs/sRAGE (arbitrary unit) 1.6 1 1.8 0.9 1.5 0.97 0.17 cRAGE/esRAGE 2.96 0.9 2.8 0.9 2.7 1.1 0.61 Note: AGEs: Advanced Glycation End products; sRAGE: soluble receptor for AGE; esRAGE: endogenous secretory receptor for AGE; cRAGE: cleaved receptor for AGE; CKD: chronic kidney disease. Data are expressed as mean with standard deviation. pvalues less than 0.05 are indicated in bold. Antioxidants 2022 , 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 14 Figure 1. Box plot representation of AGEs, sRAGE isoforms’ distributions according to different nutritional status, evaluated by MIS. Note: AGEs: Advanced Glycation End products; sRAGE: sol- uble receptor for AGE; esRAGE: endogenous secretory receptor for AGE; cRAGE: cleaved receptor for AGE; MIS: malnutrition-inflammation score. Nutritional status has been grouped according to the severity: 0: non malnourished patients (MIS betw een 0 and 3); 1: patients at risk for malnutrition (MIS between 4 and 7); 2: malnourished pa tients (MIS equal or greater than 8). 3.4. AGEs and RAGEs Isoforms Asso ciation with Inflammatory Markers. We also performed additional analyses to test for eventual correlation between AGEs, sRAGE, and relative isoforms and pro- inflammatory markers. First of all, AGEs levels were directly and significantly correlated with CRP levels ( p = 0.05), while sRAGE and cRAGE were negatively correlated with it ( p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). Second- arily, higher values of AGEs /sRAGE ratio significantly corre lated with higher CRP values (p < 0.0001). We performed a series of multivariate linear regression analyses to evaluate whether there was any relationship between AGEs, RAGEs, and their ratio with inflam- matory markers that were mainly associated with malnutrition (i.e., CRP and TNF α). Since CRP had a skewed distribution, it was log-transformed for the analysis. Moreover, considering that AGEs, RAGEs, CRP, and TNF α levels are influenced by eGFR, all models were corrected for patients’ eGFR (results of these analyses are reported in Figure S1 and Figure S2 in Supplementary Materials). Al though both sRAGE an d AGEs/sRAGE levels were in general linked to an increase in pro-inflammatory markers, only the association of CRP with sRAGE and AGEs/sRAGE reache d the statistical significance (B = 0.006, p = 0.049 and B = 0.294, p = 0.03 respectively). 3.5. AGEs and RAGEs Isoforms Association with Malnutrition Development We finally designed two multivariate models to evaluate the eventual association of sRAGE and esRAGE with malnutrition. We built this model after performing interaction analyses, which are shown in Table S2 in Su pplementary Materials. The main factors in- teracting with sRAGE for malnutrition development were Age, CRP and Sex ( p = 0.003; p = 0.03 and p = 0.017, respectively). The same interactions were observed for esRAGE (Age, p = 0.002; CRP, p = 0.02; Sex, p = 0.004). Then, we created two different models, including separately sRAGE or esRAGE (in order to av oid redundancy in the model) with the prin- cipal variables that were associated or sh owed any interaction with overt malnutrition (Table 5). Figure 1. Box plot representation of AGEs, sRAGE isoforms’ distributions according to different nutritional status, evaluated by MIS. Note: AGEs: Advanced Glycation End products; sRAGE: soluble receptor for AGE; esRAGE: endogenous secretory receptor for AGE; cRAGE: cleaved receptor for AGE; MIS: malnutrition-inflammation score. Nutritional status has been grouped according to the severity: 0: non malnourished patients (MIS between 0 and 3); 1: patients at risk for malnutrition (MIS between 4 and 7); 2: malnourished patients (MIS equal or greater than 8). We also performed additional analyses to test for eventual correlation between AGEs, sRAGE, and relative isoforms and the main biochemical parameters evaluated in our cohort. These results are shown in detail in Table S2 in Supplementary Materials. The main result was the strong negative correlation between all sRAGE isoforms (e.g., sRAGE, esRAGE, and cRAGE) and nPCR ( p< 0.0001, p= 0.003, p= 0.001 respectively). Secondarily, lower AGEs/sRAGE values were significantly correlated with lower albumin and nPCR values (p= 0.005 and p= 0.01 respectively). 3.4. AGEs and RAGEs Isoforms Association with Inflammatory Markers We also performed additional analyses to test for eventual correlation between AGEs, sRAGE, and relative isoforms and pro-inflammatory markers. First of all, AGEs levels were directly and significantly correlated with CRP levels ( p= 0.05), while sRAGE and cRAGE were negatively correlated with it ( p= 0.02 and p= 0.01, respectively). Secondarily, higher" 1087 W4312050553.pdf 7 "8 Eaton G, et al. BMJ Open 2022;12:e067476. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067476Open access DISCUSSION Main findings of this study This research confirms previous publications which noted variance in (A) job title reported by paramedics working in primary care; (B) the clinical work and exam- inations undertaken by paramedics in this setting and (C) entry requirements in terms of clinical experience and education to work in primary care.1 8 This level of variation subsequently leads to confusion around the scope and expectations for the role and contributes to a lack of recognition of paramedics within primary care teams. While attempts have been made through HEE’s Roadmap13 to outline a framework to address this, this is applicable only in England, and such a framework has no influence for paramedics across the devolved nations. The main barriers to engagement with this Roadmap were competing workload pressures affecting the delivery of clinical supervision and uptake of this framework by primary care employers. Such inconsistency contributed to frustration and demotivation among respondents, who were concerned regarding their clinical development in this setting. Clinical examinations and procedural skills Our analysis indicates that length of time in primary care, higher levels of education and status as an independent prescriber all contribute to an increase in the scope of role for paramedics in primary care. Indeed, an inverse association was also observed, where paramedics with lower educational qualifications attended emergency presentations within primary care to a greater extent than those who had undertaken higher education. This outlines that, while the paramedic may transition into primary care due to the virtue of their generalist back- ground, their productivity in primary care may be influ- enced by further education and feedback regarding their clinical experience in this setting. Despite this generalist background, this survey also outlines there are patient groups commonly not seen by paramedics. This could be due to a creep into the paramedic role of nursing policy which emphasise that nurses should refer women who are pregnant to midwifery or physician care if they are not dual registered in this area20; and legacy of instructions for paramedics in ambulance services to convey all chil- dren under the age of 2 to emergency departments, and children under the age of 5 must be seen by a physician if non- conveyed.21 The survey also highlighted that paramedics working less hours in primary care (such as 1 day a week or 10–20 hours per week) attended emergency presenta- tions in their primary care role to a greater extent when compared with their full- time counterparts. Such hours are common in rotational models, where paramedics, specialist paramedics or advanced paramedics work in a split clinical role between ambulance services and primary care settings in an attempt to increase workforce capacity in primary care and reduce attrition from the ambulance service.22 While the ability for paramedics to attend emergency presentations in primary care may be a benefit for primary care providers, this does little to develop their primary care clinical acumen. Paramedic taxonomy Some job titles reported by respondents match those endorsed by the College of Paramedics23 (such as ‘Para- medic’, ‘Specialist Paramedic’, ‘Advanced Paramedic’ or ‘Consultant Paramedic’) or those outlined by HEE13 (such as ‘First Contact Practitioner’ and ‘Advanced Prac- titioner’), yet there remains a variety of job titles that do not correlate to these archetypes. Our analysis indicates that, as paramedics take up more senior roles in primary care (such as ‘advanced paramedic’), their scope of role increases in relation to clinical examinations performed and the clinical presen- tations they attend. Such an increase in scope could be due to their ability to independently prescribe and under - taking postgraduate study. Independent prescribing is typically undertaken by ‘advanced paramedics’ who have completed (or working towards completion of) a master’s degree.24 We noted that these paramedics are more likely to make a diagnosis during the consultation and manage medical and clinical complexity. This is in contrast to ‘paramedics’ or ‘first contact practitioners’, who may have a similar scope of clinical examination, but a reduced scope in relation to managing clinical complexity and making a diagnosis. This supports previous findings where such paramedics are employed in an ‘eye and ears’ approach only.8 There was a strong correlation with advanced and consultant level roles and undertaking activities related to leadership and management in primary care. This suggests that paramedics may move into leadership roles within primary care that have traditionally been filled by GPs. However, there was no correlation regarding under - taking research activities and job title. This indicates that research activities are less accessible to paramedics in primary care, despite being a pillar of advanced practice, matching previous research findings.25 Strengths and weaknesses of the study This is the first national survey of the paramedic role in primary care within the UK. It has international relevance for primary care workforce transformation in countries where paramedics operate in a similar way to in the UK, such as in Australasia and Canada.26 While the survey was distributed across each UK nation, this was either through the College of Paramedics or on social media— and thus paramedics not registered with the professional body, or not on social media, may not have had access. At best, the surveyed respondents constitute one- third of the paramedic workforce in primary are, and therefore, results should not be generalised to the entire population of paramedics working in the primary care. It is noted that the uptake of the survey in Northern Ireland and Scotland was low. The number of paramedics working in primary care roles is likely to be fewer than" 1088 W4385877790.pdf 12 "Page 13/21Jiahong Lu: Conceptualization, Software, Writing-review. Kaiwen Hao: Writing-original draft, Editing. Yuming Wang" 1089 W4379377914.pdf 4 "53Methodology TheAERIoealgorithm,basedontheoptimalestimationmethod,comprehensivelyconsiderstheobservationinformationand atmosphericpriorinformation,iterativelysearchingfortheatmosphericstatethatmostconformstotheobservationandprior constraints.     11 1 1 1 0 0T T m n nen a ne n n n F       XXKSKSKSY XKXX, (1)115 Here,Xistheprofileoftheatmosphericstatetoberetrieved,X0isthefirst-guessprofileoftheatmosphere,Ymisthe observedradiancevector,F(X)istheAERIobservedspectrum,Seistheobservationerrorcovariancematrix,Saisthe backgroundcovariancematrix,andnrepresentsthenumberofiterations.ThesuperscriptsTand-1implythematrix transposeandinverse,respectively. Toimprovethestabilityoftheretrievalalgorithm,theregularizationparameterwasintroducedinFormula(1), 120 whichissetas10fixedvaluesfromlargetosmall([1000,300,100,30,10,3,10,1]).Asdecreaseswithiterations progress,moreobservationinformationisintroducedtoimprovetheretrievalaccuracy.Theretrievalisnotallowedto convergeuntildecreasesto1andthefollowingconvergencecriterionissatisfied. 11 11    N) () (index_e convergencn n n nXXSXX, (2) Nrepresentsthedimensionoftheretrievedatmosphericstatevector. 125 Figure1.FlowchartoftheFastAERIoeretrievalprocess.NotethattheredlineindicatestheJacobianupdatingprocess. TheupdatingoftheJacobiansintheaboveretrievalprocessrequiresthecalculationoftheopticalthicknessorradiation intensityofdifferentatmosphericconstituentsateachheight.OntheconditionthattheJacobianiscalculatedforeachhttps://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-637 Preprint. Discussion started: 12 May 2023 c Author(s) 2023. CC BY 4.0 License. " 1090 W2292183681.pdf 6 "BioMedResearchInternational 7 ND4 HR0153045607590105120∗ Control WSAsA (𝜇mol g−1DW) (a)ND4 HR0.00.20.40.60.81.0GSH (𝜇mol g−1DW) Control WS (b) Figure5:Effectofwaterstress(WS)onascorbate(AsA)(a)andglutathione(GSH)(b)contentsin Cerasushumilis leavesofHuai’rou(HR) and Nongda4 (ND4). Samples were collected after 21d of treatment. The data are the mean of at least three replicates with standard errors s h o w nb yv e r t i c a lb a r s .A s t e r i s k( ∗) indicates significant difference with control groups (well-watered) at the 0.05 level of probability by Duncan’sMultiple-RangeTest. ND4 HR0123456cAPX (relative quantitative)∗ Control WS (a)ND4 HR048121620DHAR (relative quantitative)∗ Control WS (b) Figure 6: Effects of water stress (WS) on expression pattern of cytosol APX (cAPX) (a) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) (b) in Cerasushumilis leavesofHuai’rou(HR)andNongda4(ND4)byqRT-PCR.Dataarethemeansofatleastfivereplicateswithstandarderrors s h o w nb yv e r t i c a lb a r s .A s t e r i s k( ∗) indicates significant difference with control groups (well-watered) at the 0.05 level of probability by Duncan’sMultiple-RangeTest. resultsonSODisoenzymeactivities(Figure3)suggestedthat Fe-SODandMn-SODcouldplaythemainroleindetoxifica-tionofsuperoxideradicalsinchloroplastsandmitochondria.Similar report has been shown in wheat varieties subjectedto continuous soil drought [34]. Indirect evidence has beenreported by Zhang et al. who found that overexpression ofTamarix albiflonum TaMnSOD increasesdroughttolerancein transgenic cotton [35]. The decrease of Cu/Zn-SOD activityfor ND4 plants exposed to WS (Figure3(b)) was likelyattributedtotheinfluenceofH 2O2.Similarresultshavebeen reportedbySmirnoff[36]. CATandAPXintheAsA-GSHcycleenzymesarerespon- sible for the decomposition of H2O2generated by SOD in differentcellularorganelles.WefoundthattheactivityofCATandAPXshowedsimilarpatternsofchangetothatobservedfor SOD activity in HR plants (Figures 4(a) and 4(b)),suggestingthatCATandAPXworkinacoordinatedmannertoscavengeH 2O2.ThemaintenanceofCATactivityinleaves" 1091 W4248415337.pdf 0 "1ISSN 0100-2945 DOI: http://dx.doi.org /10.1590/0100-29452018108erratum ERRATUM Erratum of article: Machado, B. D., Magro, M., Souza, D. S. de, Rufato, L., & Kretzschmar, A. A. Study on the growth and spatial distribution of the root system of different european pear cultivars on quince rootstock combinations. Rev. Bras. Frutic ., 40(2), e-108. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1590/0100-29452018108 In the page 1: Authors’ affiliations - footnote where it reads: 1Agronomist, Dr. in Plant Production, Institul Federal de Urupema, Urupéma-SC. Email: bruno. dalazem@ifsc.edu.br should read: 1Agronomist, Dr. in Plant Production, Instituto Federal de Urupema, Urupéma-SC. Email: bruno.dalazem@ifsc.edu.br Rev. Bras. Frutic., Jaboticabal, 2018, v. 40, n. 3: (e-108erratum )" 1092 W4285039838.pdf 4 "ЕКОНОМІКА ТА УПРАВЛІННЯ Економічний вісник університету | Випуск № 3 7/1 121 regarding the further employment of a postgraduate / doctoral student with successful protection and obtaining the appropriate degree. As a result, the la rgest proportion of those who defended the dissertation work in the relevant higher education institutions. Also, the largest proportion among doctors of philosophy (candidates of science) is occupied by researchers, whose average age is 30- 39 years (29.3% of the total). The proportion of researchers over the age of 60 years is 22.8%. Among doctors of sciences, these indicators are 4.2% and 56.7% respectively. Table 1 . Dynamics of Changes in Key Performance Indicators of Ukrainian Higher Educational Instit utions* Indicator Educational years Rate of growth (decrease),% 2010/ 11 2011/ 12 2012/ 13 2013/ 14 2014/ 15 2015/ 16 11/ 201016/ 2015 15/ 201416/ 2015 І - ІІ levels of accreditation Number of institutions, units 483 479 469 458 387 371 76,8 95,9 Number of students, thousand persons 351,4 347,2 335,9 319,6 251,3 230,1 65,5 91,6 Accepted, thousands of people 125,1 102,2 96,7 90,9 69,5 63,2 50,5 90,9 Thousands of people were released 107,4 94,0 89,8 88,7 79,1 73,4 68,3 92,8 The number of students per 10 thousand population 81 80 78 74 59 54 66,7 91,5 Teaching staff, persons: 1. Teachers: - Candidates of Sciences 937 964 951 986 949 1016 108,4 107,1 - Doctor of Sciences 58 56 55 43 49 60 103,4 122,4 - Associate Professors 341 328 325 288 271 245 71,8 90,4 - Professors 56 57 53 44 42 54 96,4 128,6 2. Scientific and pedagogical workers: - Candidates of Sciences 114 121 83 89 126 170 149,1 134,9 - Doctor of Sciences 23 23 18 14 17 34 147,8 200,0 - Associate Professors 52 58 25 37 51 62 119,2 121,6 - Professors 22 20 19 17 19 33 150,0 173,7 ІІІ - ІV levels of accreditation Number of institutions, units 330 326 316 309 277 288 87,3 104,0 Amount of students, millions of people 2,07 1,9 1,77 1,67 1,44 1,38 66,5 95,6 Accepted, thousands of people 381,4 307,3 331,2 337,4 291,6 259,9 68,2 89,1 Thousands of people were released 528,9 515,0 505,4 471,7 405,4 374,0 70,7 92,3 The number of students per 10 thousand population 476 439 410 389 335 322 67,6 96,1 Teaching staff, persons: 1. Teachers: - Candidates of Sciences 529 604 658 772 796 1151 217,6 144,6 - Doctor of Sciences 22 28 18 29 33 67 304,5 203,0 - Associate Professors 205 229 226 264 256 364 177,6 142,2 - Professors 15 26 16 24 22 45 300,0 204,5 2. Scientific and pedagogical workers: - Candidates of Sciences 66689 67057 67675 69582 62158 61266 91,9 98,6 - Doctor of Sciences 13367 13436 13826 14269 12682 13072 97,8 103,1 - Associate Professors 44608 45060 46127 47416 42600 42414 95,1 99,6 - Professors 12158 12211 12484 12609 11249 11476 94,4 102,0 * Compiled and calculated on the basis of [6] The above analysis shows that the greatest proportion among scientific researchers and scientific and pedagogical workers is occupied by persons whose age is not more than 40 years, which indicates a relatively small or even missing experience of practical work in the field of research conducted, or exceeds 60 years , that in the conditions of rapid pace of change of scientific and technological progress, testifies to « moral obsolete» practical training of the given staff, obtained during the Soviet Union. In today's business environment, public authorities and local self -government bodies, together with representatives of business entities of all forms of ownership, are interested in developing a coherent mechanism for training specialists for current curri cula, which will not only reduce the unemployment rate among economically active population, but also create effective development model and improve the overall quality of life. It is necessary to determine the correlation of the indicators of the general need of the national economy in the specialists with the" 1093 W2781041999.pdf 3 "бюджет ів, п ідвищення р івня менеджменту, посилення конкуренц ії в національн ій економ іці, розвитку соц іальної сфери. Розглянемо прям і іноземн і інвестування за пер іод з 2011 по 2015 роки, за даними Державної Служби Статистики України. На рис.1 представимо динам іку інвестиц ій в економ іку України за досл іджуваний пер іод: Рис.1. Прям і іноземн і інвестиц ії у Україну за 2011 -2015 роки [2] Отже, як бачимо з рис. 1 , загальний обсяг іноземних інвестиц ій у 2011 році становив 49362,3 млн. дол., у 2012 роц і відпов ідно – 54462,4 млн. дол., у 2013 роц і 58156,9 млн. дол., тобто сл ід відмітити, що протягом трьох рок ів, до 2014 р., надходження П ІІ було регулярними та стаб ільними. Темпи росту іноземних вкладень у 2012 та 2013 роках в ідпов ідно до 2011 року становили 110,3% та 117,8%. Починаючи з 2014 року загальний обсяг іноземних інвестиц ій скоротився проти 2011 року на 3446,3 млн. дол. і становив 45916 млн. дол., у 2015 роц і скорочення проти 2011 року становить 5990,9 млн. дол., і становить – 43371,4 млн. дол. В ідпов ідно темпи росту у 2014 та 2015 роках становили 93,0% та 87,9% Причин тако го спов ільнення багато: стан в ійни у якому перебуває Україна, макроеконом ічне гальмування, зупинення низки промислових підприємств, стр імка девальвац ія та інфляц ія, зниження р івня споживання. Важливою складовою анал ізу інвестиц ійних процес ів є досл ідження географ ічної структури залучених інвестиц ій. Відмітимо, що остання формується п ід впливом багатьох чинник ів, серед головних – розвиток зовн ішньоеконом ічних зв’язк ів зі стратег ічними партнерами (до 2002 р. цим партнером були США та Рос ія, сьо годн і головним стратег ічним економ ічним партнером країни є ЄС) та потреба у диверсиф ікації м іжнародної інвестиц ійної д іяльност і. " 1094 W2027462320.pdf 10 "Зборник радова Правног факултета у Новом Саду , 3/2013 341 Dragana Ćorić, Ph.D., Assistant Professor University of Novi Sad Faculty of Law Novi Sad Glosa about Political Ethics Abstract: Debates about political ethics aren 't new. They have been pre- sent since ancient Greek philosophers. Machiavelli set some new principles, re- garding amoral behavior of the prince, which could be quite legitimate and le-gal. He didn't invented anything new, he just admitted that, that was the reality. Some modern authors think that ethics and politics should be departed always, some other think that they should cooperate. In the end of the day, the voters are those who must face with amoral behavior of politicians, because it seems that politicians don't recognize ethics at all? Or is it just look like? In this pa-per, we will try in short to tell someth ing about origins of political ethics, its burning issues, and about possible ways of implementation of political ethics and its development. Key words: ethics, politics" 1095 W2099529965.pdf 6 "tumour prior to local therapy or as adjuvant treatment after surgical resection [5,12].Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Neoadjuvant CT before surgery in surgically resectable SCCB has been investi-gated in several retrospective studies and in one phase II prospective study [12,33]. In addition primary CT was used in sequence with radiation to increase the efficacyof RT [4,10,15,32]. Neoadjuvant CT in bladder SCC cancer has fourtheoretical advantages [36,37]:*the early treatment of micrometastatic disease,*the systemic treatment is better tolerated by allow- ing the preoperative administration of CT drugs in optimal doses with less toxicity,*SCCB is highly chemosensitive disease; the vastmajority of patients have great responses,*downstaging, which facilitates the surgicaltechniques.One retrospective cohort study and one phase IIclinical trial demonstrated the advantage of CT in neoadjuvant setting. In the MD Anderson retrosp ective study, 46 operable patients were included; the first group of patient (n = 21) was treated with 4 cycles of neoadjuvant sequentialCT regimen based on ifosfamide plus doxorubicin atday 1 repeated every 42 days and etoposide pluscisplatin at day 21 repeated every 42 days; the secondgroup was treated with surgery alone (n = 25). At lastfollow-up, 5-year survival was significantly higher in CTgroup: 78% versus 36% in surgery alone group (p = 0.026) [12]. In addition, the results of the MD Anderson phase II clinical trial recently published, confirmed the- ses results. In this prospective study, 30 eligible patientswere included, eighteen of them were surgically resect-able and 12 were surgically unresectable. Operablepatients have been treated with neoadjuvant CT fol-lowed by surgery. At last follow-up, OS and 5 years sur-vival in resectable group was equal to 58 months and80%, respectively [33]. Based on these data, neoadjuvant CT should be con- sidered as the treatment of choice of surgically resect-able SCCB.Adjuvant chemotherapy No clear data defines the role of adjuvant CT after primary surgery of invasive bladderSCC. Only one retrospective study conducted by theUniversity of Southern California has addressed thisquestion. In the published article, the authors concluded that adjuvant CT may provide improved survival com- pared with cystectomy alone [6]. In addition, the MayoClinic recommendations propose cystectomy alone forpatients with stage II disease, and adjuvant chemother-apy for patients with stage III and VI (M0) disease [5].However, it is important to note that many institutionswho followed the Mayo recommendations of initialTable 3 Treatment strategies and outcome of bladder small cell carcinoma according to the most important studies published in the English literature. (Continued) Ismaili 2008 [7] 14 Retrospective II(4) III(5) IVM0(5)RC®CT(4) RC(5) CT®RC(2) CT(1) RCT(1) None(1)-Survival in mixed SCCB > survival in pure SCCB, p= 0.01, -CT + Surgery > Surgery Bex 2009 [15] 17 Retrospective LD(17): -T2(14) -T3(2)-T4a(1)CT®RT (60: 56-70Gy) (17) Salvage RC (3)-All patients have been treated with sequential chemoradiotherapy -OS = 32.5 months -2, 3, and 5 years survival = 56%, 47%, and 36% respectively Siefker-Radtke 2009 (MD Anderson) [33]30 Phase II Resecable patients (18): T2N0M0CT®RC -5 years survival in operable group = 80% -OS = 58 months vs 13.3 months, in operable vs non operable patients, respectively -Incidence of brain metastasis in stage III/IV = 50% Unresecable patients(12): T3b-4aN0M0CT alone Bex 2010 [40] 51 Retrospective LD(39) CT ®RT -Survival of patients with LD = 35 months vs 6 months in patients with ED. -Incidence of brain metastasis = 10.5% ED(12) CT Abbreviations. OS = overall survival; NS = no significant; RC = radical cystectomy; TURBT = transurethral resection of the bladder tumour; ACT = adjuv ant chemotherapy; NCT = neoadjuvant chemotherapy; PC = partial cystectomy; CT = chemotherapy; RCT = concurrent chemoradiotherapy; PRT = palliative radiotherapy; NR = no reached; LD = limited disease; ED = extensive disease; SCCB = small cell carcinoma of the bladder; Definition for LD (limited disease): in analogy to SCLC, patient with any local stage, no distant metastases and involvement of maximally one loco regional lymph node less than 2 cm in imaging (cTx cN0-1 M0) [15]; Definition for ED (extensive disease): unresectable and metastatic disease [15].Ismaili Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2011, 6:75 http://www.ojrd.com/content/6/1/75Page 7 of 11" 1096 W2999253318.pdf 8 "reported strains of L.plantarum , with the exception of the strain TMW 1.1478 ( Prechtl, Wefers, Jacob, & Vogel 2018), which also has glucose and galactose in the repeat but not glucosamine or phosphate, con- nected via a di fferent sequence from that of our strain. Other studies have focused on the genetic composition and the immunologicalproperties while the structural details have been ignored ( Lee et al., 2016 ;Remus et al., 2012 ). Secondly, we investigated the biological e ffects of the pure capsular polysaccharide (CPS-100) and of the teichoic acids (CPS-400) in rela-tion to the e ffects triggered from total CPS fraction. On primary ob- servation, it appeared that CPS induces signi ficant IFN γand IL-10 re- sponses ( Fig. 8b). Accordingly, we investigated the cytokine pro files induced from the two most representative fractions of the surfacepolysaccharides, CPS-100 and CPS-400, and we found that CPS-100 (Fig. 8) was the immunostimulatory component of CPS because of the remarkable e ffect in IFN γproduction (EC 503.157 μM), including other cytokines, except IL-10. In contrast, CPS-400 had no activity in any of the assays ( Fig. 8) so the nature of the IL-10 stimulation by un- fractionated CPS is still elusive. Though indicative, these findings warrant an in-depth proof-of-concept immunological investigation of these molecules in health and disease. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the surface poly- saccharides from a commensal microbiota related bacterium, L. plan- tarum IMB19 is a complex mixture made of teichoic acids and of a capsular polysaccharide. Such complexity is in line with the findings of other authors ( Remus et al., 2012 ) including ourselves ( Speciale et al., 2019 ), which report that the bacterial surface is covered by a complex blend of di fferent carbohydrate polymers each with a di fferent activity profile. Our opinion is that the ability of bacteria to modulate the expression (and the amount) of each polymer, teichoic acid included ( Brown et al., 2013 ;Remus et al., 2012), is the key for their adaptation to the host environment, and further studies are necessary to unravel this issue. CRediT authorship contribution statement Pilar Garcia-Vello: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - ori- ginal draft. Garima Sharma: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - original draft. Immacolata Speciale: Formal analysis, Investigation. Antonio Molinaro: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing. Sin-Hyeog Im: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing - review & editing. Cristina De Castro: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology,Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing - review & editing. Acknowledgements P. G-V. fellowship is supported by the Train2Target project granted from the European Union ’s Horizon 2020 framework program for re- search and innovation (Project #721484)Appendix A. 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A rapid method-based for discrimination of strain-speci fic cell wall teichoic acid structures reveals a third backbone type in Lactobacillus plantarum .FEMS Microbiology Letters, 364 ,1–10. Torriani, S., Felis, G. E., & Dellaglio, F. (2001). Di fferentiation of Lactobacillus plantarum , L. pentosus , and L. paraplantarum by recA gene sequence analysis and multiplex PCR assay with recA gene-derived primers. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67 (8), 3450 –3454 . Toukach, P. V., & Egorova, K. S. (2016). Carbohydrate structure database merged from bacterial, archaeal, plant and fungal parts. Nucleic Acids Research, 44 (D1), D1229– D1236. Valueva, O. A., Shashkov, A. S., Zdorovenko, E. L., Chizhov, A. O., Kiseleva, E., Novik, G., et al. (2013). Structures of cell-wall phosphate-containing glycopolymers of Bifidobacterium longum BIM B-476-D. Carbohydrate Research, 373 ,2 2 –27. Verma, R., Lee, C., Jeun, E. J., Yi, J., Kim, K. S., Ghosh, A., et al. (2018). Cell surface polysaccharides of Bifidobacterium bi fidum induce the generation of Foxp3+ reg- ulatory T cells. Science Immunology, 19 (3(28)) . Zeidan, A. A., Poulsen, V. K., Janzen, T., Buldo, P., Derkx, P. M. F., Øregaard, G., et al. (2017). Polysaccharide production by lactic acid bacteria: From genes to industrial applications. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 41 , S168 –S200 .P. Garcia-Vello, et al. Carbohydrate Polymers 233 (2020) 115857 9" 1097 W3108716743.pdf 7 "Electronics 2020 ,9, 2053 8 of 14 Table 2. Details of the datasets used in experiments. Size Dataset Type Num Type Num 3232M-A mHDR 30k iHDR-A 30k M-H mHDR 30k iHDR-H 30k M-K mHDR 30k iHDR-K 30k M-U mHDR 30k iHDR-U 30k 6464M-A mHDR 30k iHDR-A 30k M-H mHDR 30k iHDR-H 30k M-K mHDR 30k iHDR-K 30k M-U mHDR 30k iHDR-U 30k 128128M-A mHDR 30k iHDR-A 30k M-H mHDR 30k iHDR-H 30k M-K mHDR 30k iHDR-K 30k M-U mHDR 30k iHDR-U 30k 4.1.2. Implementation of the CNN The DCT-CNN for HDR source forensics is implemented with the Pytorch deep learning framework [ 37]. Experiments were carried out on a high-performance computer with IntelrCoreTM i7-9800X (3.80 GHz) (Intel, Santa Clara, CA, USA), 64 GB RAM and NVIDIArGEFORCE RTX 2080 Ti GPU (NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The parameters of the network are set as follows. The initial learning rate with a learning rate decay strategy is set to 0.001. The batch size is set to 64 images, the loss function is cross-entropy loss, and the optimizer is Adam [ 38]. Classification accuracy (Acc) is used to evaluate the performance of forensics methods. We chose LHS [ 19], SPAM [ 20], HOG [ 21], HDR-CNN [22], RF-CNN [24] and MISL-net [27] as comparative methods. 4.2. Forensics on Images without Anti-Forensics Attack The classification accuracy averaged over the test datasets with a resolution of 3232are summarized in Table 3 for all the tested methods. The best results are marked in bold. Since small-size images include less information related to forensics, experiments conducted on small-size images can reflect the feature extraction capability of forensic methods. Table 3 indicates that the performance of HDR source forensics using manually specified feature extraction methods is weaker than using CNN-based methods to extract features automatically. For instance, the highest classification accuracy of LHS is 88.59 %on the M-A dataset, while the accuracy of the two CNN-based forensic methods reached 94.62 %and 98.94 %. For CNN-based forensic methods, the performance of DCT-CNN in the frequency domain is better than HDR-CNN in the spatial domain. This result validates that the decorrelation of DCT helps CNN extract the most important features related to HDR source forensics. In this experiment, the proposed DCT-CNN manifests the best performance on different HDR datasets. For the proposed DCT-CNN, classification accuracy increased by 10.35 %compared with the manually specified feature extraction methods. In addition, compared with HDR-CNN which is a CNN-based forensics method built the spatial domain, the forensics accuracy increased by 4.32 %. The experimental results validate that the proposed DCT-CNN for HDR source forensics which is built in the DCT domain can achieve desired forensic performance on 3232images. It can be observed from Table 3 that compared with other methods, the proposed DCT-CNN gained the highest AUC on different datasets. Figure 5 shows the ROC of different methods, the curve of the DCT-CNN proposed in this paper is closer to the point (0, 1), which indicates that DCT-CNN has better forensics performance over other methods." 1098 W2469933197.pdf 3 "The results of the multiple conditional logistic regression assessing the risk of TKA peri- prosthetic infection associated with cumulative episodes of dental scaling, conditional on allbaseline characteristics, are shown in Table 2 . The primary analysis revealed that patients who had received dental scaling had a 20% lower risk for infection than patients who never received this procedure (adjusted OR, 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68 –0.93). We further classi- fied the frequency at which patients received dental scaling into 1 –4 times and 5 –6 times. Com- pared with patients who never received dental scaling, patients who had received dental scaling 1–4 times had an OR of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.71 –0.99). Moreover, an even lower OR of 0.69 was observed for patients who had received regular dental scaling (95% CI, 0.52 –0.89). The results suggested that the more frequently patients underwent dental scaling, the lower their risk of infection. Discussion The most important finding of this population-based nested case-control study was that fre-quent dental checkups and tooth scaling may reduce the risk of TKA infection. The risk wasTable 1. Baseline characteristics of patients older than 40 years who had undergone TKA from 1999 to 2002 from the Taiwan National Health Insur- ance Research Database with and without periprosthetic infection within 5 years. Periprosthetic infection *(N = 1,251) Control (N = 5,004) Mean age (SD) 69.1 (8.0) 69.3 (7.6) Calendar year (%) 1999 26.1 23.8 2000 26.1 21.2 2001 23.7 22.3 2002 24.1 32.7 Past medical history (%) Osteoarthritis 87.9 88.6 Rheumatoid arthritis 10.2 7.4 Gout 17.9 15.2 Diabetes mellitus 27.3 19.3 Ischemic heart diseases 22.5 19.2 Hypertension 51.8 50.3 Peripheral vascular disease 1.1 0.8 Comorbid condition (%) Heart failure 7.0 6.5 Chronic lung disease 22.8 20.1 Hyperlipidemia 15.4 16.1 Ischemic stroke 4.4 4.1 Transient ischemic attack 2.1 1.5 Osteoporosis 21.3 19.4 Gingival and periodontal diseases 17.4 20.2 Cumulative episodes of dental scaling over a 3-year period (%) ** 0 73.1 67.8 1–4 19.7 22.4 5–6 7.1 9.9 *NHI surgery codes (64198B, Removal of prostheses) and concomitant use of systemic antibiotics for at least 7 days **NHI procedure codes (91003C, 91004C) doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158096.t001 Dental Scaling and Reduced Risk of TKA Infection PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0158096 June 23, 2016 4/8" 1099 W4385573235.pdf 2 "ConnectE ( Zhao et al. ,2020 ) jointly embeds enti- ties and types into two different spaces and learns a mapping from the entity space to the type space. CORE ( Ge et al. ,2021 ) utilizes the models Ro- tatE ( Sun et al. ,2019 ) and ComplEx ( Trouillon et al. ,2016 ) to embed entities and types into two different complex spaces, and develops a regression model to link them. However, the above methods do not fully consider the known types of entities while training the entity embedding representation, which seriously affects the prediction performance of missing types. Also, the representation of types in these methods is such that they cannot be se- mantically differentiated. CET ( Pan et al. ,2021 ) jointly utilizes information about existing type as- sertions in a KG and about the neighborhood of entities by respectively employing an independent- based mechanism and an aggregated-based one. It also utilizes a pooling method to aggregate their inference results. AttEt ( Zhuo et al. ,2022 ) designs an attention mechanism to aggregate the neighbor- hood knowledge of an entity using type-specific weights, which are beneficial to capture specific characteristics of different types. A shortcoming of these two methods is that, unlike our TET model, they are not able to cluster types in classes, and are thus not able to semantically differentiate them in a fine-grained way. GCN-based Methods. Graph Convolutional Net- works (GCNs) have proven effective on modeling graph structures ( Kipf and Welling ,2017 ;Hamil- ton et al. ,2017 ;Dettmers et al. ,2018 ). However, directly using GCNs on KGs usually leads to poor performance since KGs have different kinds of entities and relations. To address this problem, RGCN ( Schlichtkrull et al. ,2018 ) proposes to ap- ply relation-specific transformations in GCN’s ag- gregation. HMGCN ( Jin et al. ,2019 ) proposes a hierarchical multi-graph convolutional network to embed multiple kinds of semantic correlations be- tween entities. CompGCN ( Vashishth et al. ,2020 ) uses composition operators from KG-embedding methods by jointly embedding both entities and relations in a relational graph. ConnectE-MRGAT (Zhao et al. ,2022 ) proposes a multiplex relational graph attention network to learn on heterogeneous relational graphs, and then utilizes the ConnectE method for infering entity types. RACE2T ( Zou et al.,2022 ) introduces a relational graph attention network method, utilizing the neighborhood and relation information of an entity for type inference.A common problem with these methods is that they follow a simple single-layer attention formulation, restricting the information transfer between uncon- nected neighbors of an entity. Transformer-based Methods. To the best of our knowledge, there are no transformer-based approaches to KGET. However, two transformer- based frameworks for the KGC task have been al- ready proposed: CoKE ( Wang et al. ,2019 ) and HittER ( Chen et al. ,2021 ). Our experiments show that they are not suitable for KGET. 3 Method In this section, we describe the architecture of our TET model (cf. Figure 2). We start by introducing necessary background (Sec. 3.1), then present in detail the architecture of TET (Sec. 3.2). Finally, we describe pooling and optimization strategies (Sec. 3.3and3.4). 3.1 Background In this paper, a knowledge graph ( Pan et al. ,2016 ) is represented in a standard format for graph- structured data such as RDF ( Pan,2009 ). Aknowl- edge graph (KG) Gis a tuple (E,R,C,T), where Eis a set of entities, Cis a set of entity types, R is a set of relation types, and Tis a set of triples. Triples in Tare either relation assertions (h, r, t ) where h, t∈ Eare respectively the head andtail entities of the triple, and r∈ R is the edge of the triple connecting head and tail; or entity type as- sertions (e,has_type , c), where e∈ E,c∈ C, and has_type is the instance-of relation. For e∈ E, therelational neighbors of eis the set {(r, f)| (e, r, f )∈ T } . The type neighbors of eare defined as{(has_type , c)|(e,has_type , c)∈ T } . We will simply say neighbors of ewhen we refer to the relational and type neighbors of e. The goal of this paper is to address KGET task which aims at infer- ring missing types from Cin entity type assertions. 3.2 Model Architecture In this section, we introduce the local, global and context transformer-based modeling components of our TET model. Before defining these components, we start by discussing an important observation. 3.2.1 Class Membership A key observation is that in a KG alltype assertions are uniformly defined using the relation has_type .5990" 1100 W4387215075.pdf 0 "p-ISSN 2083 -0157, e -ISSN 2391 -6761 IAPGOŚ 3/2023 125 artykuł recenzowany/revised paper IAPGOS, 3/2023 , 125–128 http://doi.org/10.35784/iapgos. 5351 received: 26.07.2023 | revised: 10.09.2023 | accepted: 28.09.2023 | available online: 30.0 9.2023 ENGINEERING AND TECH NICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIVENE SS OF UKRAINIAN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ENTERPRI SES BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF REGRESSION MODELS Anna Vitiuk1, Leonid Polishchuk2, Nataliia B. Savina3, Oksana O. Adler1, Gulzhan Kashaganova4, Saule Kumargazhanova5 1Vinnytsia National Technical University, Department of Management, Marketing and Economy, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, 2Vinnytsia National Tech nical University, Department of Industrial Engineering , Vinnytsia, Ukraine , 3National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine , 4Turan University, Faculty of Digital Technolog ies and Art, Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 5D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Department of Information Technologies and Intelligent Systems, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan Abstract. The characteristic features of engineering products are revealed. Average industry performance indicators of mechanical engineering enterprises in Ukraine were formed. The competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises was studied. The integral indicator of the competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises in Ukraine was evaluated. It has been established that the competitiveness industry, de spite certain profits received by enterprises, is in a systemic, predictable crisis and only individual enterprises that maintain their own line of economic behavior are successful, increase competitiveness and have prospects for further economic growth . Keywords: competitiveness, regression, mechanical engineering, dependence INŻYNIERYJNO -TECHNICZNA OCENA KON KURENCYJNOŚCI UKRAIŃ SKICH PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW BUDO WY MASZYN NA PODSTAW IE ZASTOSOWANIA MODELI REGRESJI Streszczenie. Ujawniono charakterystyczne cechy produktów inżynieryjnych. Opracowano średnie wskaźniki wydajności przemysłu przedsiębiorstw inżynierii mechanicznej na Ukrainie. Zbadano konkurencyjność przedsiębiorstw przemysłu maszynowego. Oceniono integralny wskaź nik konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw przemysłu maszynowego na Ukrainie. Ustalono, że branża konkurencyjności, pomimo pewnych zysków uzyskiwanych p rzez przedsiębiorstwa, znajduje się w systemowym, przewidywalnym kryzysie i tylko pojedyncze przedsiębiorstwa, któ re utrzymują własną linię zachowań gospodarczych, odnoszą sukcesy, zwiększają konkurencyjność i mają perspektywy dalszego wzrostu gospodarczego. Słowa kluczowe: konkurencyjność, regresja, inżynieria mechaniczna, zależność Introduction A feature of mechanical engineeri ng enterprises is the provision of fixed assets for other enterprises, the consequence of which is the further development of other branches of the economy. Therefore, ensuring the active development of mechanical engineering enterprises should be based on the maximum possible use of the conditions of spatial potential: chaotic and systemic trends in the development of the economy, the main directions of development of the corresponding enterprise s, infrastructure connectivity, economic t ies and partnership relations [ 10]. In such circumstances, the management of the enterprise, which involves the use of optimal resource provision, rational location of production, development of integration processes and ensuring the effective distribution of tasks will ensu re the competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises [1, 13]. 1. Formulation of the problem Mechanical engineering is a basic branch of economic development in every country, however, each country has its own conditions and prospects for the developme nt of machine -building industries. The fact remains indisputable that, in order to ensure progressive development, product manufacturers are forced to enter into a competitive struggle for better operating conditions. The result of the progressive developm ent of society was the emergence and formation of the phenomenon of competition, which forces product manufacturers to constantly move and improve themselves, not to stop at the achieved results, that is, to increase their competitiveness [2, 4]. Competiti veness is the most important criterion for the expediency of an enterprise's activity, a condition for the efficiency of production activity, the basis for choosing means and methods of management, and a guarantee of success in competition [7, 11 ]. 2. Results of the research and discussion Having established the competitiveness of the enterprise as the most general characteristic of the development of the enterprise, we will evaluate the indicator according to the methodology presented by O. Kuzmin, O. Melnyk and O. Romanko [ 4] where the main emphasis is placed on highlighting competitiveness through indicators of financial and economic efficiency, indicators of production efficiency and indicators of commercial efficiency. The peculiarity of the method is taki ng into account the share of defective products that are manufactured and the presence of which can distort the further production process. In order to identify the share of defects in the manufacture of mechanical engineering products, it is important to take into account the complexity of the manufactured products. The work of O. Danchenko, O. Zanora , V. Borkun [3] presents results where the share of defects in the manufacture of mechanical engineering products of various precision was clearly established. It has been proven that in the process of precise processing there is a defect, the costs of which are 2% of the total cost of processing blanks in the case of processing according to the 8th quality and 17% of the cost – according to the 7th quality. With a further increase in the accuracy of processing to the 6th quality, the cost of defects reaches 32% of the cost of processing blanks . Therefore, let's assume the following levels of shortage for the industries: agricultural, nuclear, electri cal engineering, heavy and transport, construction, road and utility engineering, engineering for light and food industry, animal husbandry and fodder production – 2%; machine - tool, tool, chemical, petroleum and power engineering – 17%; instrumentation, pr oduction of automation and control equipment (32%). We will use 17% of defects of the total cost of processing blanks for researched enterprises [2, 14 ]." 1101 W2092892698.pdf 10 "Sensors 2008 ,8 7555 that detected the strongest signal intensity. To this end, we have devised an empiric relationship between the ADC values and the distance when the emitter and receiver sensors are facing each other as shown in Figure 11a. As the receiver sensors have a maximum sensibility angle at ¡3±which decreases according to Figure 11b, the relationship between the ADC values and the distance must be extended to a 3D graph as shown in Figure 12. Following this graph, we calculate the estimated distances e½max 1ande½max 2 from the emitter to each of the two maximum sensors from the received ADC values bºmax 1andbºmax 2 respectively. Figure 11. (a) Reception values for different distance transmissions when emitter and re- ceiver sensors are facing each other. (b) Radiation diagram for the PIN diode of the peak detector. (Obtained from the PD100MF0MPx Datasheet). (a) (b) Figure 12. Reception values for different distance and angle transmissions. Applying the law of cosines, we devise a relationship to calculate two estimated distances ¸max ifrom" 1102 W2103630446.pdf 0 "Short CommunicationA single amino acid substitution in the V protein of Nipah virus alters its ability to block interferon signalling in cells from different species Kathrin Hagmaier,1Nicola Stock,13Steve Goodbourn,2Lin-Fa Wang3 and Richard Randall1 Correspondence Richard Randallrer@st-andrews.ac.uk1Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, The North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK 2Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE,UK 3CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC 3220,Australia Received 1 June 2006 Accepted 1 August 2006The V protein of the paramyxovirus Nipah virus (NiV) has been shown to antagonize the interferon (IFN) response in human cells via sequestration of STAT1 and STAT2. This study describes a mutant of the NiV V protein, referred to as V(AAHL), that is unable to antagonize IFN signalling and demonstrates that a single amino acid substitution is responsible for its inactivity. The molecularbasis for this was identified as a failure to interact with STAT1 and STAT2. It was also shown that NiV V, but not V(AAHL), was functional as an IFN antagonist in human, monkey, rabbit, dog, horse, pig and bat cells, which suggests that the ability of NiV to block IFN signalling is not a majorconstraint that prevents this virus from crossing species barriers. In the last decade, zoonotic outbreaks of respiratory disease and encephalitis affecting humans, horses and pigs inAustralia, Malaysia and Singapore have led to the isolationof two novel paramyxoviruses, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) (Chua et al. , 2000; Murray et al. , 1995; O’Sullivan et al. , 1997). However, due to characteristic differences from other paramyxoviruses they have been assigned to a new genus, Henipavirus (Wang et al. , 2000). The natural hosts of both HeV and NiV are fruit bats(suborder Megachiroptera) of the genus Pteropus (Chua et al. , 2002; Halpin et al. , 2000). Neutralizing antibodies to NiV have also been found in an insectivorous bat (suborderMicrochiroptera) (Yob et al. , 2001). In the initial HeV and NiV outbreaks, the viruses were transmitted from bats tohumans by way of intermediate animal hosts, horses andpigs, respectively (Chua et al. , 2000). More recent outbreaks of NiV in Bangladesh and India have led to further humandeaths and may have been a result of both bat-to-human andhuman-to-human transmissions (Butler, 2004; Chadhaet al. , 2006; Enserink, 2004; Hsu et al. , 2004). Similar to other paramyxoviruses, both henipaviruses have the potential to express multiple proteins, P, V, W and C,from the P gene by RNA editing and alternative translationalinitiation (reviewed by Lamb & Kolakofsky, 2001). The Vand/or C proteins of various paramyxoviruses have been demonstrated to antagonize the interferon (IFN) system,part of the innate cellular immune response to viral infection, in several distinct ways (for recent reviews, see Horvath, 2004; Nagai & Kato, 2004; Stock et al. , 2005). NiV and HeV antagonize both IFN- a/band IFN- csignalling via the binding and sequestration of STAT1 and STAT2 in high- molecular-mass complexes (Rodriguez et al. , 2002, 2003). In other paramyxoviruses, the highly conserved cysteine-rich Cterminus of the V protein is required to antagonize IFN signalling, but although henipavirus V proteins share this conserved C-terminal domain, it is dispensable forthe sequestration of STAT1 and STAT2 by these viruses (Rodriguez et al. , 2004; Shaw et al. , 2004). The regions of NiV V that interact with STAT1 and STAT2 have been mapped tothe N terminus of the protein, from residues 100 to 160 forSTAT1 binding and a larger region comprising residues 100–300 for STAT2 binding (Rodriguez & Horvath, 2004; Rodriguez et al. , 2004). A similar study by Shaw et al. (2004) identified an overlapping area, residues 50–150, as sufficient for binding of STAT1 (Shaw et al. , 2004). These regions are also present in the NiV P and W proteins, both of which havebeen demonstrated to block IFN- a/bsignalling and to bind STAT1 (Rodriguez et al. , 2002; Shaw et al. , 2004). The P, V and W proteins of NiV, as well as the C protein, which has asequence distinct from other P gene products as a result ofalternative translational initiation, also antagonize the IFN response in chicken cells (Park et al. , 2003). 3Present address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3500, USA. 0008-2261 G2006 SGM Printed in Great Britain 3649Journal of General Virology (2006), 87, 3649–3653 DOI 10.1099/vir.0.82261-0" 1103 W4287754183.pdf 3 "Table I: Successive decoding order at the receivers. Receiver Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6 Stage 7 Stage 8 Stage 9 Yi 1Vi 1Vj 1Vi 2Vi 3Ui 1 Yi 2Vi 1Vj 1Vi 2Vj 2Vi 3Ui 1Ui 2 Yi 3Vj 1Vi 1Vj 2Vi 2Vj 3Vi 3Ui 1Ui 2Ui 3 A. Average Rate region An achievable rate region is defined as the set of achievable rates of the codebooks fVi k;Ui kg3 k=1;8i2f1;2g. The achiev- able rate of codebook Vi k(Ui k)is bounded by the minimum achievable rate at the receivers in the set Dvi k(Dui k), where the successive decoding order at each receiver is outlined in Table I. We denote the rates of codebooks Vi kandUi kbyRvi kandRui k, respectively. Similarly, we denote the power fractions of the total power Piallocated to codebooks Vi kandUi kby vi kand ui k, respectively. Finally, we define Ri( j; k)as the total achievable rate for user iin the channel state ( j; k)and define Ri4=E[Ri( j; k)]as the average achievable rate at receiveri, where the expectation is taken with respect to the combined channel states distribution. The average achievable rate region is formally characterized in Theorem 1. Theorem 1. In the two-state channel, the average achievable rate region corresponding to the layering scheme in Fig. 2 and the decoding order in Table I encloses the set of rates fRvi k;Rui kgfori2f1;2g;k2f1;2;3gthat satisfy R13X j=13X k=1q1 jq2 kR1( j; k); (8) R23X j=13X k=1q1 jq2 kR2( j; k); (9) where the total achievable rates are bounded by Ri( j; k)ri(j;k); (10) and the constants fri(j;k)gare specified in Appendix A. B. Gap to Sum-rate Capacity In this subsection, we demonstrate that the proposed adap- tive layering and successive decoding schemes, achieve an average sum-rate that for fixed channel gains lies within a constant gap of the sum-rate capacity of the two-user Gaussian interference channel with fullCSIT in the high SNR regime. For the convenience in notations and analysis, we focus on the symmetric setting, i.e., h2 ij=h2 ji=h2, and assume symmetric average power constraint P1=P2=Pas well as symmetric probability distribution, i.e., q1 k=q2 k=qk. The results can be readily generalized to the non-symmetric setting as well. In the symmetric case, h22f 1; 2; 3g, the interference channel specified by (5) randomly reduces to either a weak interference channel if h2= 1, or to a strong interference channel ifh2= 2orh2= 3.In order to quantify the desired average rate gap, we analyze the gap in the weak and strong interference regimes separately, where the average of which provides the average rate gap. Weak interference: In this setting, in order to quantify the gap, we first quantify the gap between our average sum-rate and that of HK. Subsequently, by leveraging the known results on the gap between the sum-rate of HK and the sum-rate capacity, we delineate an upper bound on the average sum-rate gap of interest. In particular, we consider the simple scheme of [3] in which the effective power of some messages is normalized to 1 at each receiver. This simple HK scheme is known to achieve a sum-rate within 2-bits from the sum-rate capacity. We remark that in the case of weak interference, the achievable sum-rate of the HK-scheme in [3], depending on the channel parameters, is either bounded by the capacity of the multiple access channel formed at each receiver or by the rate constraint of decoding the common message at the unintended receiver. These two different regimes are identified by the relation between the power constraintPand the channel gains k. Strong interference: For the case of strong interference channel, the sum-rate capacity with full CSIT is known, which can be found by evaluating the sum-rate of the intersection of two capacity regions corresponding to two multiple access channels formed by the transmitters and each of the two receivers [5]. We leverage this to quantify the sum-rate gap of interest. Based on these, we delineate the gap between our average sum-rate and the sum-rate capacity in the next theorem. Theorem 2. In the asymptote of large values of P, the average sum-rate achievable by the proposed broadcast approach lies within a constant gap from the average sum-rate capacity of the symmetric Gaussian interference channel with full CSIT. The gap in the sum-rate is characterized as follows: 1 2log22q2(2 + 3)1" 1104 W4310725529.pdf 9 Page 10/201 1105 W2326597385.pdf 2 "128 Для образцов таких размеров из Ст3 разрушающая нагрузка при bs;400 МПа составляет величину порядка 20 тонн . Поскольку разрывных машин с жесткой системой нагружения и та- кими максимальными усилиями в распоряжении автора не было , испытания проводились на разрывной машине Р – 50 с мягкой системой нагружения . Это потребовало изменить схему эксперимента и разработать соответствующую методику проведения испытаний , позволяющую осуществлять контроль по перемещениям и поддерживать устойчивое деформирование образ - цов при локализации деформаций по жесткопластической схеме согласно (1) вплоть до исчер - пания материалом в рабочей части образцов способности деформироваться . Для этого в схему эксперимента был добавлен упругий элемент , представляющий собой составную балку , лежа - щую на двух опорах и набранную из закаленных пластин 30ХГСНА толщиной от 1 до 5 мм. Это позволило регулировать жесткость упругого элемента как с помощью изменения расстоя - ния между опорами , так и подбором количества пластинок . Схема эксперимента приведена на рис.2. Здесь 1- фундамент разрывной машины , 2 - ниж- ний захват , 3 – образец , 4 – датчик перемещений краев рабочей части образца , 5 – верхний за- хват, 6 – опоры упругого элемента , 7 – упругий элемент (составная балка ), 8 – средняя опора , 9 – верхний силовой пояс разрывной машины , 10 – рабочий цилиндр , 11 – верхняя силовая бал- ка разрывной машины , 12 – датчик прогибов упругого элемента . Стрелкой показано направле - ние растяжения . Испытания проводились в следующем порядке . Вначале снималась диаграмма зависимости усилия от перемещений (Р - u) для упругого элемента без образ - ца. Она приведена на рис. 3. Видно , что эта зависи - мость имеет нелинейный участок до перемещения , равного 0,6 мм. Далее начинается близкий к линейно - му участок , на котором отмечены точки , соответст - вующие определенным значениям прогиба упругой балки , снимаемые с датчика 12. Поэтому при проведе - нии испытаний образцов с помощью регулируемой средней опоры 8 осуществлялся предварительный на- тяг упругого элемента на эту величину , после чего датчики 4 и 12 выставлялись на ноль . При испытании образцы с помощью регулятора разрывной машины нагружались усилиями , соответст - вующими следующим значениям расхождения берегов рабочей части , определяемым по датчику 4: 0,1 мм, 0,2 мм и далее с шагом 0,1 мм. Этим же датчиком фик- сировалось предельное значение этого расхождения в момент разрушения . Одновременно с датчика 12 сни- мались величины прогиба упругого элемента , соответ - ствующие этому ряду значений расхождения рабочей части образца . Далее для получения диаграммы усилие – смещение для рабочей части образца на графике суммарной диаграммы , полученной на записывающем устройстве разрывной машины , строи - лась скорректированная (учитывающая предварительный натяг ) тарированная (см. рис. 3) диа- грамма упругого элемента , и графически вычиталась из суммарной диаграммы Р - u. На рис. 4 в качестве примера показаны суммарная (кривая 1) и результирующая (кривая 2) диаграммы . Эти кривые построены в координатах усилие – перемещения краев рабочей части . Момент раз- рушения образца показан звездочкой . Видно , что спадающая ветвь для материала СтЗ при ло- кализации пластических деформаций по схеме Оната и Прагера имеет характер , близкий к линейному . После разрушения образцов с помощью регулятора разрывной машины производилось плавное снижение нагрузки , при этом кривая разгрузки после переходного периода выходила на диаграмму упругого элемента (кривая 3 на рис.4). Это доказывает , что диссипацией энергии в упругом элементе из-за наличия трения между упругими пластинками можно пренебречь . Таким образом , жесткопластическое решение Оната и Прагера при шейкообразовании получи - ло экспериментальное подтверждение . По предложенной методике было испытано восемь образцов . Основные результаты прове - денных экспериментов представлены в таблице . 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 регулируемый зазор (натяг ) Р и с. 2. Схема эксперимента" 1106 W4200099905.pdf 13 "fmicb-12-689246 December 1, 2021 Time: 13:43 # 14 Kant and Pancholi Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Streptococcus pyogenes FIGURE 6 | In vivo phosphorylation of WalR and CovR. (A,B) Mass-spectrometry analysis of the in vivo phosphorylated WalR (A)and CovR (B).In vivo phosphorylation of His-WalR and His-CovR was achieved by purifying Ni-NTA affinity column-purified His-WalR and His-CovR from the whole-cell extract of the M1T11SP-PTP:: His-walR or M1T11SP-PTP:: His-covR strain constructed by complementing M1T1 1PTP mutant with the His-walR orHis-covR gene using pDC123 plasmid. Phosphorylated residues are shown in red fonts The N-terminal sequence of CovR shown in blue fonts (the N-terminal half) is a regulator-CovRR, and the sequence in the bracket are the trypsin fragments detected by Mass-spectromtery. (see also Supplementary Table 6 for the detailed mass spectrometry analysis). (C).Comparison with in vitro andin vivo phosphorylated residues of WalR and CovR. Residues in bold fonts depict their presence both in vivo andin vitro under the provided conditions. (D)Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA), showing the binding of purified non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated CovR with the promoter covR (PcovR ) at different concentrations as indicated. Free and differentially migrated bound forms of the P covR DNA probe (266 bp) bands were resolved on 6% native gel and visualized using SYBRGreen stain as described in the “Materials and Methods” section (see Supplementary Figure 4 ). Arrows indicate the positions of differentially migrated bands of the bound DNA probe with and without CovR and SP-TyK-phosphorylated CovR-P . The image is the PhotoShop software-converted revert image of the original image of the SYBRgreen-stained native gel (see Supplementary Figure 5 ).(E)Bound and free bands were quantitatively analyzed by spot densitometric analysis using the ImageJ software. Each data point in the line graph shows a ratio of Bound vs. Free arbitrary densitometric units of P covR preincubated with or without different concentrations (0.09–1.35 M) of non-phosphorylated CovR and SP-TyK-phosphorylated CovR-P . the remaining observation period. The group of mutant strain-infected mice showed significantly low mortality (20%, pD0.039). At a higher infecting dose, all mice of the M1T1-WT and M1T11TyK:: tykgroups died by 5–7 days, indicating that the complementation with wild-type sp-tyk restored virulence trait. Even at the higher dose, the mutant strain caused significantly lower mortality (30% mortality, pD0.0016), as was observed in the mice challenged with the lower infecting dose of GAS. Together these results showed that SP-TyK played a crucial role in the maintenance of the GAS virulence. The Absence of Streptococcus pyogenes -Tyrosine Kinase Adversely Impacts Group A Streptococcus Ability to Adhere to and Invade Host Cells and Form Biofilms The results described above showing in vitro ability of the mutant to induce inflammatory responses and at the same time in vivo mutant’s inability to cause GAS disease, indicated that additional mechanisms were involved in the attenuation process. In the conventional tissue-culture plate-based bacterial adherence and gentamycin-protection-based invasion assays revealed significantly fewer numbers of M1T1 1TyK adhered toA549 cells ( p<0.0001) ( Figure 8A ). The complemented strain significantly recovered adherence capacity, yet it did not reach the wild-type control strains level. The adherence of all control strains was comparable and with no significant differences among them. Subsequently, parallel invasion assays also revealed the compromised ability of the mutant strain to invade the host cells (pD0.001) ( Figure 8B ). The complemented strain recovered its capacity to invade the A549 cell lines similar to control wild-type and other control GAS strains. In the control wells without cells, the input of the bacterial count at the end of 3 h of incubation remained essentially the same as at starting t 0-time point. These results thus indicated that the innate capacity of the mutant to adhere and invade the host cells was severely compromised, which was not influenced by the growth defect or the number of bacteria ( Figures 8A,B ). The increased expression of SpeB and downregulated PTS and other transport system-related genes in M1T1 1TyK mutant ( Table 2 ) indicated that S. pyogenes biofilm formation might adversely affect as reported recently in a time and stage-dependent proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of S. pyogenes biofilm formation revealing the importance of several differentially expressed genes encoding for carbohydrate, lipid, and transport metabolism, cell division, chromosome partitioning, and cell wall biogenesis (Freiberg et al., 2016). Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 14 December 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 689246" 1107 W3017237296.pdf 0 "Current Evidence on Computer- Aided Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review Adriana Molder1,2, Daniel Vasile Balaban1,3*, Mariana Jinga1,3 and Cristian-Constantin Molder2 1Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,2Center of Excellence in Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Military Technical Academy Ferdinand I, Bucharest, Romania,3Gastroenterology Department, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disease that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals in whom the ingestion of gluten leads to damage of the smallbowel. It is estimated to affect 1 in 100 people worldwide, but is severely underdiagnosed. Currently available guidelines require CD-speci fic serology and atrophic histology in duodenal biopsy samples for the diagnosis of adult CD. In pediatric CD, but in recentyears in adults also, nonbioptic diagnostic strategies have become increasingly popular. Inthis setting, in order to increase the diagnostic rate of this pathology, endoscopy itself hasbeen thought of as a case finding strategy by use of digital image processing techniques. Research focused on computer aided decision support used as database video capsule,endoscopy and even biopsy duodenal images. Early automated methods for diagnosis ofceliac disease used feature extraction methods like spatial domain features, transformdomain features, scale-invariant features and spatio-temporal features. Recent arti ficial intelligence (AI) techniques using deep learning (DL) methods such as convolutional neuralnetwork (CNN), support vector machines (SVM) or Bayesian inference have emerged as abreakthrough computer technology which can be used for computer aided diagnosis ofceliac disease. In the current review we summarize methods used in clinical studies forclassi fication of CD from feature extraction methods to AI techniques. Keywords: celiac disease, computer aided diagnosis, arti ficial intelligence, endoscopy, feature extraction INTRODUCTION Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic autoimmune disease driven by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals. At some point during their lifetime, some of the DQ2/DQ8 positiveindividuals become gluten intolerant and develop an autoimmune reaction in response to dietarygluten, leading to small bowel injury consisting in villous atrophy (VA) and crypt hyperplasia.Although it is one of the most common chronic digestive disorders, with prevalence rate of 1%worldwide ( Ludvigsson et al., 2016 ), CD is severely underdiagnosed. This is due to the frequently mislabeling patients with irritable bowel syndrome, lack of awareness among medical professionals about the extra-intestinal presentations of the disease ( Jinga et al., 2018 ) and missed opportunities to screen for CD such as first-grade relatives, high-risk groups and not least scoping the upper Frontiers in Pharmacology | www.frontiersin.org April 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 341 1Edited by: Jean-Marie Boeynaems, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Reviewed by: Michael Thiede, IUBH University of Applied Sciences, Germany Kurt Neumann, Independent Researcher, Kerékteleki, Hungary *Correspondence: Daniel Vasile Balaban vasile.balaban@umfcd.ro Specialty section: This article was submitted to Pharmaceutical Medicine and Outcomes Research, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology Received: 01 December 2019 Accepted: 09 March 2020 Published: 16 April 2020 Citation: Molder A, Balaban DV, Jinga M and Molder C-C (2020) Current Evidence on Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review. Front. Pharmacol. 11:341. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00341SYSTEMATIC REVIEW published: 16 April 2020 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00341" 1108 W2942087152.pdf 2 "International Journal of Engineering & Technology 497 that correspond to the light intensity is necessary. This can be done by passing the light through a sample without reagent known which is th e blank sample. The circuit does not give 0V output reading when no light pass through. Due to this error, correction needs to be made by eliminating voltage reading at zero light ( from all the sample readings as in (2). (2) Based on equation (1) and (2), the absorbance equation can be simplified as in (3). (3) 2.4. Coefficient of Determination Coefficient of determination, R² is a number that can show how good a series of data used in an experiment fits to a statistical model [15]. Ranging from 0 to 1, the most good relationship is when the value of R² nearest to 1. In statistics, this is how they measure the success fulness level of an outcome to a model. In this experiment, the coefficient of determination is used to measure the relationship value between the light absorbance and the solution concentration. R² can be measured through the equ ation in (4). (4) Where refer to the number of solution, and refer to the light absorbance and the concentration of solution respectively. Lastly, refer to the mean of light absorbance an d mean of the concentration of the solution. 2.4. Linear Regression From Beer Lambert’s law [4], linear regression method is always used to determine unknown concentration of a solution. This is by using the light absorbance of the solution. It is used to model the relationship between y, the concentration of the sol ution to X, the light absorbance (5). While a is a constant value when X is 0 and b is slope. (5) 3. Experimental Result 3.1. Maximum Absorbance Wavelength Fig. 4: Absorbance spectrum graph Fig. 4 shows the absorbance spectrum graph of the samples that have different iron concentrations ranging from 0 µg/L to 4000 µg/L. the blank sample is labelled as woFRZ. Y-axis of the graph refers to absorbance and the x -axis refers to the wavelength. The graph have the bell -shaped curve denotes that the absorbance i n- creases when the wavelength increases (400nm to 562nm). A c- cordingly, as the wavelength goes from 562nm to 700nm, the absorbance decreases. The graph proves that the peak of the wav e- length is at 562nm. It also concludes that as the concentration of the iron increases, the light absorbance of the solution increases. 3.2. Linear Regression Graph Fig. 5: Calibration curve comparison between spectrophotometer and the body iron reader. In our experim ent, the result obtained is compared with the co m- mercially available spectrophotometer machine to know the eff i- ciency. Fig. 5 shows the plots of calibration curve for the spectr o- photometer and the body iron reader. Both of the instruments fu l- filled the Bee r Lambert ’s law as they can produce a straight line. The straight line is plotted between the concentrations of the sol u- tion to the absorbance and calculated using the linear regression relationship. R² is the coefficient of the determ ination. The straight line in blue indicates the calibration curve for the spectrophotom e- ter that have the gradient of 0.9999. While the body iron reader have the gradient of 0.9986 which is shown in the red line. The values show that the gradient of the body iron reader is ve ry close to the gradient of commercially available spectrophotometer. As the maximum value for R² is 1, the pe rcentage error between them is only 0.13%. This proves that the reader is suitable to be used for analytical chemistry." 1109 W4362671203.pdf 2 "inflammation; (ii) healthy treated tooth (HTT) group included teeth in which the pre-existing endodontic filling material was exposed to oral cavity with no sign of periapical lesion; (iii) irreversible pulpitis (IP) diagnosed by sharp spontaneous pain and tenderness to percussion or pain exacerbated by lying down or cold test ( Levin et al., 2009 ); (iv) pulp necrosis (N) group belonged to untreated teeth, negative to cold test, with and without apical periodontitis; post-treatment apical periodontitis (PTAP). Sampling and clinical procedures Root canal and saliva samples were collected as previously described ( Sedgley et al., 2006a ). Before isolation with the rubber dam, saliva samples from the floor of the mouth, dorsum of the tongue and the crown of the affected tooth were collected for each patient using three sterile ISO size 40 paper points (Dentsply- Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). The paper points were resuspended in 100 ml of PBS/10% glycerol and stored at -70°C until analysis. Plaque around the affected tooth was removed using scalers and the surfaces were brushed with pumice. Teeth wereisolated with a rubber dam and disinfected with 30% hydrogen peroxide and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), which is inactivated by sodium thiosulphate 5%. As a sterility control, three sterile paper points (Size 40) were rubbed on the crown of the tooth and on the surrounding areas. After access preparation, root canal patency was achieved with minimal instrumentation and without using hypochlorite irrigant. In case of retreatment, coronal gutta percha was removed by sterile Gates Glidden drills size 2 & 3 (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), while the middle and apical gutta percha were removed with endodontic files without a chemical solvent. Irrigation was performed with sterile saline to remove any residual material before the collection of the intracanal sample. Once the working length was established, the pre-treatment sample was collected using ISO size 10 K- file (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). An additional pretreatment sampling was performed by introducing two sterile paper points (ISO size 15) into the full working length kept for at least 60 seconds. The sample was then transferred to PBS/10% glycerol solution. When the canal was dry, a sterile paper point moistened with sterile saline was used to acquire the sample. In multi-rooted teeth, a single root canal was chosen, based on the presence of periapical radiolucency and/ or exudation. Laboratory assessment Isolation and identi fication of Enterococci Tenml of PBS/10% glycerol from each sample were plated on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar containing 5% horse blood. The plates were incubated in 5% CO 2at 37°C for 48 hours and monitored daily for the presence of microbial growth. Putative enterococcal colonies were isolated on BHI agar/blood and identi fied with a latex agglutination test (Oxoid™Streptococcal Grouping Kit, Thermo Fisher, Hampshire, United Kingdom). Group D colonies were then identi fied on a MALDI Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) and by ribosomal RNAoperon sequencing ( Cusco ́et al., 2018 ). Colonies identi fied as E. faecalis were frozen at -70°C in BHI/10% glycerol. High molecular weight DNA extraction E. faecalis strains were streak plated on BHI agar/blood, incubated overnight at 37°C and checked for purity. About ten single colonies were inoculated in BHI broth and the starter cultures of exponentially growing bacteria (OD 590of 0.3-0.4) were frozen at -70°C with 10% glycerol. Bacteria were inoculated 1:50 (vol:vol) from starter cultures in 10 ml of BHI broth and incubated at 37° C until an OD 590of 1.0 was reached. Samples were then centrifuged at 6600 x gfor 5 minutes. Bacterial pellets were washed with 10 ml of sterile 1X TE buffer (Tris 10 mM-EDTA 1 mM) and resuspended in 7.5 ml of Raf finose buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8, 5 mM EDTA, 20% Raffinose). DNA extraction was carried out as described previously (Pinzauti et al., 2022 ). The DNA pellet was resuspended in 100 mlo f saline. Genomic DNA was quanti fied using a Qubit 2.0 fluorometer (Invitrogen, Whaltan, Massachusetts, USA) and a NanoPhotometer device (Implen, Westlake Village, USA) before molecular analysisand whole genome sequencing. Sequencing and bioinformatic analysis Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed employing Oxford Nanopore technology. Following manufacturers ’ instruction, the sequencing library was prepared using a ligation sequencing kit (SQK-LSK108) and barcode expansion kits (EXP- NBD104/114) for sample multiplexing. The sequencing run was performed on the GridION x5 platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies). Nanopore reads were filtered using the tool Filtlong (v. 0.2.0) ( https://github.com/rrwick/Filtlong ) removing reads shorter than 1,000 bases ( –min_length 1000) and getting rid of the 5% worst (low quality) reads ( –keep_percentage 95). Samples were also sequenced with Illumina technology at MicrobesNG (Birmingham, UK) ( https://microbesng.com/ ) which performed library preparation and sequencing of paired end 250 bp reads on a HiSeq2500. Raw Illumina reads were quality checked at MicrobesNG: reads were trimmed using Trimmomatic (v. 0.30)(Bolger et al., 2014 ) and analyzed with FastQC (v. 0.11.5) ( http:// www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc ). High quality complete genomes were de novo assembled using Unicycler (v 0.4.7) ( Wick et al., 2017 ), with both Nanopore and Illumina reads as an input. Phylogenetic relationships among sequenced genomes were explored using PopPUNK (v. 2.4.0) using the ‘fit-model lineage ’parameter for data fitting ( Lees et al., 2019 ). PopPUNK exploits the Jaccard index (J) to establish the similarity between k-mer data sets (oligonucleotide sequences of k length) of two genome sequences (0