At the same time in the early 1990s logistic regression was developed and applied to NLP at IBM Research under the name maximum entropy modeling or maximum entropy maxent (Berger et al., 1996) , seemingly independent of the statistical literature. Under that name it was applied to language modeling (Rosenfeld, 1996) , part-of-speech tagging (Ratnaparkhi, 1996) , parsing (Ratnaparkhi, 1997), coreference resolution (Kehler, 1997b) , and text classification (Nigam et al., 1999) . More on classification can be found in machine learning textbooks (Hastie et al. 2001 , Witten and Frank 2005 , Bishop 2006 , Murphy 2012