bibtext: @inproceedings{
  hron2024training,
  title={Training Language Models on the Knowledge Graph: Insights on Hallucinations and Their Detectability},
  author={Jiri Hron and Laura A Culp and Gamaleldin Fathy Elsayed and Rosanne Liu and Jasper Snoek and Simon Kornblith and Alex Rizkowsky and Isabelle Simpson and Jascha Sohl-Dickstein and Noah Fiedel and Aaron T Parisi and Alexander A Alemi and Azade Nova and Ben Adlam and Bernd Bohnet and Gaurav Mishra and Hanie Sedghi and Izzeddin Gur and Jaehoon Lee and John D Co-Reyes and Kathleen Kenealy and Kelvin Xu and Kevin Swersky and Igor Mordatch and Lechao Xiao and Maxwell Bileschi and Peter J Liu and Roman Novak and Sharad Vikram and Tris Warkentin and Jeffrey Pennington},
  booktitle={First Conference on Language Modeling},
  year={2024},
  url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=Zt1dwG8xrK}
  }
abstract: While many capabilities of language models (LMs) improve with increased training budget, the influence of scale on hallucinations is not yet fully understood. Hallucinations come in many forms, and there is no universally accepted definition. We thus focus on studying only those hallucinations where a correct answer appears verbatim in the training set. To fully control the training data content, we construct a knowledge graph (KG)-based dataset, and use it to train a set of increasingly large LMs. We find that fora fixed dataset, larger and longer-trained LMs hallucinate less. However, hallucinating on≤5% of the training data requires an order of magnitude larger model, and thus an order of magnitude more compute, than Hoffmann et al. (2022) reported was optimal. Given this costliness, we study how hallucination detectors depend on scale. While we see detector size improves performance on fixed LM’s outputs, we find an inverse relationship between the scale of the LM and the detectability of its hallucinations.
title: Training Language Models on the Knowledge Graph: Insights on Hallucinations and Their Detectability
authors: Jiri Hron Laura A Culp Gamaleldin Fathy Elsayed Rosanne Liu Jasper Snoek Simon Kornblith Alex Rizkowsky Isabelle Simpson Jascha Sohl-Dickstein Noah Fiedel Aaron T Parisi Alexander A Alemi Azade Nova Ben Adlam Bernd Bohnet Gaurav Mishra Hanie Sedghi Izzeddin Gur Jaehoon Lee John D Co-Reyes Kathleen Kenealy Kelvin Xu Kevin Swersky Igor Mordatch Lechao Xiao Maxwell Bileschi Peter J Liu Roman Novak Sharad Vikram Tris Warkentin Jeffrey Pennington