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license: mit
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---
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---
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license: mit
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language:
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- en
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library_name: transformers
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inference: false
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---
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# dolly-v2-6.9b Model Card
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## Summary
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Databricks’ `dolly-v2-6.9b`, an instruction-following large language model trained on the Databricks machine learning platform
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that is licensed for commercial use. Based on `pythia-6.9b`, Dolly is trained on ~15k instruction/response fine tuning records
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[`databricks-dolly-15k`](https://github.com/databrickslabs/dolly/tree/master/data) generated
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by Databricks employees in capability domains from the InstructGPT paper, including brainstorming, classification, closed QA, generation,
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information extraction, open QA and summarization. `dolly-v2-6.9b` is not a state-of-the-art model, but does exhibit surprisingly
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high quality instruction following behavior not characteristic of the foundation model on which it is based.
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**Owner**: Databricks, Inc.
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## Model Overview
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`dolly-v2-6.9b` is a 6.9 billion parameter causal language model created by [Databricks](https://databricks.com/) that is derived from
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[EleutherAI’s](https://www.eleuther.ai/) [Pythia-6.9b](https://huggingface.co/EleutherAI/pythia-6.9b) and fine-tuned
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on a [~15K record instruction corpus](https://github.com/databrickslabs/dolly/tree/master/data) generated by Databricks employees and released under a permissive license (CC-BY-SA)
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## Usage
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To use the model with the `transformers` library on a machine with GPUs, first make sure you have the `transformers` and `accelerate` libraries installed.
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In a Databricks notebook you could run:
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```
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%pip install accelerate>=0.12.0 transformers[torch]==4.25.1
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```
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The instruction following pipeline can be loaded using the `pipeline` function as shown below. This loads a custom `InstructionTextGenerationPipeline`
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found in the model repo [here](https://huggingface.co/databricks/dolly-v2-6.9b/blob/main/instruct_pipeline.py), which is why `trust_remote_code=True` is required.
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Including `torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16` is generally recommended if this type is supported in order to reduce memory usage. It does not appear to impact output quality.
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It is also fine to remove it if there is sufficient memory.
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```
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import torch
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from transformers import pipeline
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generate_text = pipeline(model="databricks/dolly-v2-6.9b", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, trust_remote_code=True, device_map="auto")
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```
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You can then use the pipeline to answer instructions:
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```
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generate_text("Explain to me the difference between nuclear fission and fusion.")
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```
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Alternatively, if you prefer to not use `trust_remote_code=True` you can download [instruct_pipeline.py](https://huggingface.co/databricks/dolly-v2-6.9b/blob/main/instruct_pipeline.py),
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store it alongside your notebook, and construct the pipeline yourself from the loaded model and tokenizer:
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```
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from instruct_pipeline import InstructionTextGenerationPipeline
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("databricks/dolly-v2-6.9b", padding_side="left")
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("databricks/dolly-v2-6.9b", device_map="auto")
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generate_text = InstructionTextGenerationPipeline(model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
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```
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## Known Limitations
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### Performance Limitations
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**`dolly-v2-6.9b` is not a state-of-the-art generative language model** and, though quantitative benchmarking is ongoing, is not designed to perform
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competitively with more modern model architectures or models subject to larger pretraining corpuses.
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The Dolly model family is under active development, and so any list of shortcomings is unlikely to be exhaustive, but we include known limitations and misfires here as a means to document and share our preliminary findings with the community.
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In particular, `dolly-v2-6.9b` struggles with: syntactically complex prompts, programming problems, mathematical operations, factual errors,
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dates and times, open-ended question answering, hallucination, enumerating lists of specific length, stylistic mimicry, having a sense of humor, etc.
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Moreover, we find that `dolly-v2-6.9b` does not have some capabilities, such as well-formatted letter writing, present in the original model.
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### Dataset Limitations
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Like all language models, `dolly-v2-6.9b` reflects the content and limitations of its training corpuses.
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- **The Pile**: GPT-J’s pre-training corpus contains content mostly collected from the public internet, and like most web-scale datasets,
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it contains content many users would find objectionable. As such, the model is likely to reflect these shortcomings, potentially overtly
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in the case it is explicitly asked to produce objectionable content, and sometimes subtly, as in the case of biased or harmful implicit
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associations.
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- **`databricks-dolly-15k`**: The training data on which `dolly-v2-6.9b` is instruction tuned represents natural language instructions generated
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by Databricks employees during a period spanning March and April 2023 and includes passages from Wikipedia as references passages
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for instruction categories like closed QA and summarization. To our knowledge it does not contain obscenity, intellectual property or
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personally identifying information about non-public figures, but it may contain typos and factual errors.
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The dataset may also reflect biases found in Wikipedia. Finally, the dataset likely reflects
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the interests and semantic choices of Databricks employees, a demographic which is not representative of the global population at large.
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Databricks is committed to ongoing research and development efforts to develop helpful, honest and harmless AI technologies that
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maximize the potential of all individuals and organizations.
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### Benchmark Metrics
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Below you'll find various models benchmark performance on the [EleutherAI LLM Evaluation Harness](https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness);
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model results are sorted by geometric mean to produce an intelligible ordering. As outlined above, these results demonstrate that `dolly-v2-6.9b` is not state of the art,
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and in fact underperforms `dolly-v1-6b` in some evaluation benchmarks. We believe this owes to the composition and size of the underlying fine tuning datasets,
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but a robust statement as to the sources of these variations requires further study.
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TODO benchmarking
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# Happy Hacking!
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