---
base_model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
datasets: []
language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:9598
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: 'Tummy time is recommended from birth to strengthen baby''s arms,
back and neck muscles and prevent the back of his head becoming flat. Jay L. Hoecker,
M.D, of the Mayo Clinic, says babies should not sleep or be left unattended on
tummies, but the position will help move them toward milestones of rolling and
crawling. If your baby does not like lying on his tummy, there are ways you can
help him learn to enjoy it.
Comfort
Make sure baby is nice and comfortable by using a soft surface like a bed and
a fleecy blanket. Your baby may feel more comfortable on his tummy if you take
his clothes and diaper off, making sure the room is nice and warm. This way he
will not have anything pressing into his tummy and the feeling of being naked
may add to his enjoyment. It is best not to make tummy time straight after a feed
as his full tummy may not feel comfortable. Try to position his arms in front
of him as he can eventually start to use them to lean on. Don''t make tummy time
too long to begin with; HealthyChildren.org advises that a newborn only needs
three to five minutes two or three times a day, which can gradually be increased.
Touching
Your baby may enjoy the sensation of your fingers running gently down her back
while she lies on her tummy -- this works better on bare skin. You can also stroke
her cheeks, tickle her toes and gently massage her hands, feet and legs. If she
is feeling a bit uncomfortable or unsure, this touching may help to put her at
ease. Massage will also relax her muscles, helping her whole body feel more comfortable.
Stimulation
Keep your baby stimulated with lots of visual aids. Dr. Sears says young babies
like to look at bright colors, stripes and black and white objects, so place some
of these around your baby to catch his attention. Wave noisy toys, such as rattles
or scrunchy toys for him to look at, or wiggle your fingers in front of him. You
could also play some music during tummy time, as this sound stimulation may be
another way of distracting him from any anxiety about this new position.
Interaction
Your baby loves listening to your voice, so try reclining beside her and singing
or talking. You could also place her on a bed and sit on the floor so your face
is level with hers. Tummy time can also work if you lie on your back with baby
on her tummy on your tummy. You make a warm and soft surface, and she will love
being that close to you and looking into your face. Another way of introducing
tummy time is by laying her across your lap on her front.
References
Photo Credits
- BananaStock/BananaStock/Getty Images'
sentences:
- Why is tummy time recommended for babies from birth?
- Who were the three stars in the NHL game between Buffalo Sabres and Edmonton Oilers?
- What was the modification made to the Creamy Wild Mushroom Soup with Pecorino
recipe by the user dchapdelaine?
- source_sentence: 'Community Justice Project: community lawyers who collaborate closely
with community organizers and grassroots groups in low-income communities of color.
Follow @cjpmiami
Miami Dream Defenders: multiracial group of young people who are organizing to
build power in our communities to advance a new vision for the state. Follow @miami_dreamdefenders
(F)emPower Miami: queer culture shifters running a bail fund to free people from
jail. Follow @fempowermia
Black Lives Matter Broward: alliance of community organizations and individuals
aiming to abolish institutional racism, and to democratize and transform oppressive
systems primarily via popular mobilizations. Follow @BlackLivesMatterAllianceBroward
Engage Miami: taking down barriers and building bridges to equitable civic leadership
through voter registration, civic education, and organizing campaigns on the issues
that matter to young people in Miami. Follow @engagemia
ACLU of Greater Miami Chapter: organization working daily to defend the individual
rights and personal freedoms of every man, woman and child in this country. Follow
@ACLUFL
Catalyst Miami: nonprofit organization identifying and collectively solving issues
adversely affecting low-wealth communities throughout Miami-Dade County. Follow
@catalystmiami
The New Florida Majority: independent organization working to increase the voting
and political power of Florida’s Black and brown communities. Follow @newflmajority
Advancing
Color of Change: the nation’s largest online racial justice organization, Color
of Change moves decision-makers in corporations and government to create a more
human and less hostile world for Black people in America. Follow @colorofchange
Communities United Against Police Brutality: an all-volunteer organization that
works to combat police brutality from many angles, including political and legislative
action, education, research, and providing services and support for victims and
their families. Follow @cuapb.org
Equal Justice Initiative: an organization committed to ending mass incarceration
and excessive punishment in the United States, to challenging social and economic
injustice, and to protecting basic human rights for the most vulnerable people
in American society. Follow @eji_org
An Essential Reading Guide for Fighting Racism via Buzzfeed
Do the work: an anti-racist reading list via The Guardian
Anti-Racist Reading Recs via Bookshop.org
47 Black-Owned Bookstores Across the Country that You Can Support via Entertainment
Weekly
From Hyperallergic: An Essential Watchlist of Groundbreaking Black Documentaries
- These films illustrate both the undeniable threat of white supremacist capitalist
patriarchy and the incomparable strength of Blackness.
Code switch by NPR
About Race with Reni Eddo-Lodge
Pod for the cause from the Leadership Conference on Civil & Human Rights
Black Lives Matter: Media and Where to Find It
Your Black Friends Are Busy: a growing resource for learning about anti-racism,
and supporting the people & organizations doing important work for the Black Lives
Matter movement.
Anti-Racist Resource Guide created by Victoria Alexander, MEd
Miami Organizations Doing the Work for Black Justice by Culture Crusaders
Blacklivesmatters.carrd.co/
181 Black-owned businesses across the United States to support
10 Reasons You Should Support Black Lives'
sentences:
- What are the ingredients needed to prepare the Simple Calzone recipe?
- What was the route of the walk described in the blog post?
- What is the mission of the Equal Justice Initiative?
- source_sentence: 'In vitro meat: Can we stomach it?
In vitro meat, also referred to as cultured meat, is a meat product grown from
extracted cells in a factory. It''s a test concept introduced by researchers to
combat many ethical issues found in today''s industrial livestock operations.
The meat''s production would also contribute to reduced environmental impacts,
global hunger solutions, human health promotion and obesity reduction.\
Within the next 35 years, a process only in its beginning stages could become
the norm, replacing most traditional livestock meat we find on grocery store shelves
today.
Initially, it sounds like something from a futuristic science fiction novel or
a dystopian society. Meat grown in a factory is straight from "The Jetsons" or
"Star Trek." It''s out of the question and couldn''t even be possible, right?
Wrong, completely wrong.
Cultured meat is happening right now. In fact, it has already happened. The first
in vitro hamburger was served in 2013 in London. The two year project was highly
complicated and not economically sustainable, with the final price totaling a
hefty $325,000. But what did the lucky few selected to taste the burger have to
say? Their biggest complaints were that the burger didn''t taste the same as one
that comes from grazing livestock, and it was a bit dry.
Despite the burger falling short on the taste and consistency fields, hopefuls
still see the potential and are trying to obtain more funding for their research.
If more support and funding is provided, the concept can become large scale, allowing
the price to drop and more types of "meat" to be created.
I use the term "create," but of course I must mention that many, if not most,
creationists would be completely against not only the research, but the concept
itself. Many believe that growing meat goes against what is natural. Creating
meat in a test tube, adding our own flavoring, vitamins and additives would be
overstepping our boundaries or even "playing God." There are even people who have
gone as far as saying that it would be equivalent to serving up zombies on a plate.
It''s buffoonery to go as far as calling the meat "zombie production", but how
can the accusation be challenged when there are companies like BiteLabs arising?
The company''s basis is to produce salami made of tissue samples from celebrities.
Gut reaction says that this is disturbing, and, more alarmingly, cannibalistic.
But is it, really?
Challenging the traditional definition of cannibalism, it is decidedly not. The
production and consumption of the salami would take place between two (or more,
no judgement here) consensual adults. It would also fail to violate any U.S. laws
against murder or body desecration. Maybe it''s skin crawling and socially unacceptable,
but I wouldn''t go as far as to call it cannibalism. All Sweeney Todd jokes aside,
if forced to use the word cannibalism, I''d say it is a form of "humane cannibalism,"
if anything.
This argument presents a problem in itself, though. Since in vitro meat production
is such a challenging and fairly newly researched topic there are many gray areas
and questions posed that are difficult to answer because of how our society views
the ideas of life, naturalism, cannibalism and humane treatment of animals. For
in vitro meat to be a success, these terms must be redefined or at least understood
in relation to factory grown meat.
Educational briefings and infographics would have to be readily available for
the public, or they would simply not understand what it is they would be eating
and would be against the meat replacement. If people aren''t able to understand
and accept that factory grown meat follows the same development process that meat
from traditional livestock does, they will not back the introduction of the meat
into the market.
Researchers behind the factory meat growing process also present the argument
that in vitro meat would technically qualify as a vegan food. Part of this idea
is because it would be cruelty free and a non GMO product.
The vegan-friendly argument is backed by PETA, who introduced a $1 million contest
in 2008. The rules of the contest laid out that the company who was able to produce
the first marketable in vitro chicken meat would receive the prize.
Unfortunately, no one was successful before the deadline arrived, and the prize
money went towards combating animal cruelty in today''s meat production process.
PETA still considered the contest to be a raging success, though, based on the
leaps and bounds made in the research and understanding of in vitro meat.
As someone who practices vegetarianism, I can see both sides of the argument.
Yes, there would be cruelty-free meat available, which is a benefit that conquers
a few issues vegetarians and vegans have with industrial livestock productions.
It wouldn''t offer a solution, though, to diehards who are not simply skipping
out on meat products because they promote animal cruelty.
Some, such as Pennsylvania State University environmental resource management
sophomore and environmental sustainability enthusiast Emily Newman, will not be
supporting the endeavor, cruelty free or not.
When asked if she would ever find herself eating cultured meat, Newman, who has
been a vegetarian for nearly two years and even practiced veganism for a brief
period said, "No, definitely not. Food comes from the ground. The earth is giving
it to us. We can utilize it. That''s it, no need for anything to be grown in a
lab."
Most vegetarians and vegans would hold the same standard. To suggest that cultured
meat would be vegan friendly is to redefine the core values which people who practice
a plant based diet hold themselves to.
I, however, am a big fan of the idea, not because I would find myself chowing
down on some factory grown burgers or shoveling test tube bacon in my mouth, but
because people who see meat as a necessity for every meal, the people who are
hurting our environment and relishing in their poor health habits, will finally
be able to contain their socially and environmentally poisonous behavior.
Personally, I''m still holding out for the real wave of the future- the Spy Kids''
food Rehydrator, or the Star Trek Food Replicator. Until the glorious day comes
when they''re introduced, in vitro meat will have to do, and I''m looking forward
to it''s mass introduction, societal acceptance and growth within the next few
decades.
Reach the columnist at mjrodr11@asu.edu or follow her on Twitter @mikayrodr.'
sentences:
- What is the role of a Mobility Engineer?
- What were the main criticisms of the first in vitro hamburger served in 2013?
- What is the pre-show ritual of Alexi Laiho, the frontman and guitarist of Children
of Bodom?
- source_sentence: 'Contrary to what many people believe, disability is not a concern
that is limited to the elderly. The reality is that you could suffer a temporary,
or permanent, disability at any time during the course of your lifetime – though
the odds do increase with age. Fortunately, the United States government has programs
that offer financial assistance to individuals who are disabled. Both the Supplemental
Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program
provide monetary assistance to disabled individuals who qualify. Though the programs
are similar, they have different eligibility guidelines and often provide very
different benefits. To help ensure that you receive all the benefits to which
you may be entitled, the Indianapolis elder law attorneys at Frank & Kraft explain
the differences and similarities between SSI and SSDI.
Are You Disabled?
The first hurdle you must get past if you wish to qualify for either (or both)
SSI or SSDI is to
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
If you meet the SSA definition of “disabled,” the only other eligibility requirement
for the SSI program is that you have income and resources that fall below the
program limits. The resources limit for an individual is $2,000 and for a married
couple $3,000 in most states. Unlike the SSDI program, an applicant is not required
to have a work history to qualify for SSI; however, the monthly benefits for SSI
recipients are typically less than for SSDI recipients as well. In 2018, for example,
the maximum SSI benefit, referred to as the “Federal Benefit Rate (FBR),” is $750
per month for individuals and $1,125 for couples. The FBR increases annually if
there is a Social Security cost-of-living adjustment. In addition, some states
provide a state supplement, ranging from $10 to $200, which is added to the federal
SSI benefit payment.
Another difference between SSI and SSDI is that family members cannot benefit
from an applicant’s eligibility for SSI benefits. You may, however, be automatically
eligible for other government assistance programs, such as Medicaid or Supplemental
Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), once you are approved for SSI benefits.
Social Security Disability Income SSDI
Qualifying for the SSDI program is more difficult; however, the benefits are typically
better if you do get approved. To qualify for SSDI you must have a sufficient
work history prior to becoming disabled. Working earns you “work credits” that
you need to qualify for SSDI. The number of “work credits” you need will depend
on your age at the time of application; however, most applicants need to have
earned 20 credits during the preceding 10 years. A work credit is earned by earning
a designated amount ($1,320 for the year 2018) up to a maximum of four credits
a year if you earned $5,280 or more. Because SSDI benefits are based on your work
history, the monthly benefit you receive will almost always be higher than the
current SSI benefit. By way of example, the average monthly SSDI benefit for 2018
is $1,197 with a maximum benefit of $2,788. Another important benefit to qualifying
for SSDI is that if you are found to be eligible, your dependents may also qualify
for monthly benefits based on your work record.
Note: It is possible to receive both SSDI and SSI if your SSDI benefit is small
enough that you meet the income limit for the SSI program.
How to Apply for SSI or SSDI
You can apply for both SSDI and SSI online through the Social Security Administration’s
website. Unfortunately, about two out of every three initial applications for
SSDI are denied which is why it is usually in your best interest to consult with
an experienced elder law attorney if you feel you might be entitled to SSI or
SSDI benefits before completing the application.
Contact Indianapolis Elder Law Attorneys
For more information, please download our FREE estate planning worksheet. If you
have questions or concerns about SSI, SSDI, or any other elder law issues, contact
the experienced Indianapolis'
sentences:
- What is the primary function of pet therapy in medical institutions?
- What are the differences and similarities between the Supplemental Security Income
(SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) programs?
- What is the net worth of Ross according to Forbes?
- source_sentence: 'PSY’s “Gangnam Style” T-Shirt Sold on German Online Store
PSY’s “Gangnam Style” took the U.S. by storm last week, and now, it’s reached
a German online shopping mall as well.
Recently, an online t-shirt store, “Spreadshirt,” revealed a new product inspired
by PSY’s “Gangnam Style.” The shirt comes with a picture of PSY’s signature “horse
dance,” and lines that say, “Keep Calm and Gangnam Style.” The “Keep Calm” design
is one of “Spreadshirt’s” most popular items, and the PSY’s edition is the latest
one to come from the highly successful online store.
It’s unclear how many copies of the PSY’s shirt have sold out so far, but Korean
press and netizens are taking it as a reflection of how popular and viral “Gangnam
Style” has gone over the past week.
Netizens commented, “’Gangnam Style’ is daebak,” “I need to order that shirt now,”
and “I wonder who designed that.”
With over 300 employees, the Geremany-based “Spreadshirt” is one of the fastest
growing and largest online t-shirt retailers. It is expected to reach $100 million
in sales this year.
You can order your own “Keep Calm and Gangnam Style” shirt here!'
sentences:
- What is the design on the new product inspired by PSY’s “Gangnam Style” sold on
the German online store "Spreadshirt"?
- Why is Talbots Inc. closing its Fashion Valley store?
- What are the guidelines for submitting an article or story to the YouTube model
railroading community?
---
# SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co./BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co./BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5)
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co./models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("aritrasen/bge-base-en-v1.5-ft_ragds")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'PSY’s “Gangnam Style” T-Shirt Sold on German Online Store\nPSY’s “Gangnam Style” took the U.S. by storm last week, and now, it’s reached a German online shopping mall as well.\nRecently, an online t-shirt store, “Spreadshirt,” revealed a new product inspired by PSY’s “Gangnam Style.” The shirt comes with a picture of PSY’s signature “horse dance,” and lines that say, “Keep Calm and Gangnam Style.” The “Keep Calm” design is one of “Spreadshirt’s” most popular items, and the PSY’s edition is the latest one to come from the highly successful online store.\nIt’s unclear how many copies of the PSY’s shirt have sold out so far, but Korean press and netizens are taking it as a reflection of how popular and viral “Gangnam Style” has gone over the past week.\nNetizens commented, “’Gangnam Style’ is daebak,” “I need to order that shirt now,” and “I wonder who designed that.”\nWith over 300 employees, the Geremany-based “Spreadshirt” is one of the fastest growing and largest online t-shirt retailers. It is expected to reach $100 million in sales this year.\nYou can order your own “Keep Calm and Gangnam Style” shirt here!',
'What is the design on the new product inspired by PSY’s “Gangnam Style” sold on the German online store "Spreadshirt"?',
'Why is Talbots Inc. closing its Fashion Valley store?',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```
## Training Details
### Training Dataset
#### Unnamed Dataset
* Size: 9,598 training samples
* Columns: positive and anchor
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | positive | anchor |
|:--------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string |
| details | - min: 172 tokens
- mean: 467.87 tokens
- max: 512 tokens
| - min: 7 tokens
- mean: 18.68 tokens
- max: 43 tokens
|
* Samples:
| positive | anchor |
|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Caption: Tasmanian berry grower Nic Hansen showing Macau chef Antimo Merone around his property as part of export engagement activities.
THE RISE and rise of the Australian strawberry, raspberry and blackberry industries has seen the sectors redouble their international trade focus, with the release of a dedicated export plan to grow their global presence over the next 10 years.
Driven by significant grower input, the Berry Export Summary 2028 maps the sectors’ current position, where they want to be, high-opportunity markets and next steps.
Hort Innovation trade manager Jenny Van de Meeberg said the value and volume of raspberry and blackberry exports rose by 100 per cent between 2016 and 2017. She said the Australian strawberry industry experienced similar success with an almost 30 per cent rise in export volume and a 26 per cent rise in value to $32.6M over the same period.
“Australian berry sectors are in a firm position at the moment,” she said. “Production, adoption of protected substrate cropping, improved genetics and an expanding geographic footprint have all helped put Aussie berries on a positive trajectory.
“We are seeing a real transition point. Broad industry interest and a strong commercial appetite for export market development combined with the potential to capitalise on existing trade agreements and build new trade partnerships has created this perfect environment for growth.”
High-income countries across Europe, North America and Northern Asia have been identified as having a palate for Australian grown berries with more than 4244 tonnes of fresh berries exported in the last financial year alone.
The strategy identified the best short-term prospect markets for the Australian blackberry and raspberry industry as Hong Kong, Singapore, The United Arab Emirates and Canada. The strongest short-term trade options identified for the strawberry sector were Thailand, Malaysia, New Zealand and Macau.
The strategy focuses heavily on growing the existing strawberry export market from 4 per cent to at least 8 per cent of national production by volume, in markets with a capacity and willingness to pay a premium for quality fruit. For raspberries and blackberries, the sectors aim to achieve a 5 per cent boost in exports assessed by volume across identified markets by 2021.
Tasmanian raspberry exporter Nic Hansen said Australia offers some of the sweetest and most attractive berries in the world, and this combined with our stringent food safety standards across all stages of the supply chain puts growers in a solid position.
“We have a great product, we are hungry to expand trade and now with this new plan in place, we have a clear roadmap towards driving growth,” Mr Hansen said.
He said it is exciting to see new export market prospects for raspberries: “The more options we have for export the better. Now we just have to get on with the job of ensuring industry has all the tools it needs, such as supporting data and relationship building opportunities, to thrive in new markets.”
This project was commissioned by Hort Innovation, and developed by market analysts and research consultants Auspex Strategic Advisory and AgInfinity. Hort Innovation will work now with berry sectors to determine levy-funded activities to support trade.
See a summary of the strategy on the Hort Innovation website.
For more information on the berry industries, refer to the Horticulture Statistics Handbook and the Strategic Investment Plans for strawberries, raspberries and blackberries. Growers seeking more information should email trade@horticulture.com.au | What is the Berry Export Summary 2028 and what is its purpose? |
| RWSN Collaborations
Southern Africa Self-supply Study Review of Self-supply and its support services in African countries
A lady in Zimbabwe proudly shows off her onions - watered from her self-supply well
© 2015 André Olschewski • Skat
Project starts: 2015
Project finished: 2016
Collaborators & Partners:.
Project Description
UNICEF and Skat have collaborated on a).
Perspectives
Reach and benefits:
- Self-supply is practised by millions of rural households in Sub-Sahara Africa as well as in Europe, USA and other areas of the world.
- Benefits reported from having access to Self-supply water sources include convenience, less time spent for fetching water and access to more and better quality water. In some areas, Self-supply sources offer important added values such as water for productive use, income generation, family safety and improved food security.
- Sustainability of services from Self-supply is high as there is strong ownership by people investing in own sources.
- As Self-supply sources are shared sources, many people, including poor and vulnerable households, benefit from investments in Self-supply, often at no costs. This means that Self-supply can be effective in reaching the hard-to-reach.
- For millions of people in rural areas of Africa, supported Self-supply will be the most cost effective service delivery model to provide access to safe water. This also includes those parts of the population which actually have poor access as they e.g. cannot afford water from communal supplies.
- However, in areas where external support for Self-supply is lacking, only marginal improvements can usually be achieved, and the quality of services is lower than in areas where a dedicated support effort was made.
Costs and business model for supported Self-supply
- In many rural contexts, supported Self-supply is the most cost effective approach for water service delivery. However, as it is not applicable in all contexts, a blended approach combining communal water supply and supported Self-supply models should be followed.
- Based on a Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis of different service delivery approaches, the LCC for communal supplies are about 40 US$/capita served in the study countries, whereas the LCC for supported Self-supply is about 10 U$/capita.
- In sparsely populated areas, communal supplies (e.g. handpumps) are even more costly (up to 100 U$/capita served) as only few people can be served with one additional unit. Serving all rural people with communal supply is therefore not financially viable.
- Considering the applicability of Self-supply technologies, in Zambia and Zimbabwe, the cost saving of following a blended approach using both communal supplies and supported Self-supply is almost 50% of the total LCC for reaching 100% of the population by 2030. These cost savings are equivalent to more than 330 million US$ in Zambia and more than 260 million US$ in Zimbabwe.
Support services needed
- Supported Self-supply is a service delivery model putting support services in place to improve Self-supply, so it is not about a particular technology.
- Supported Self-supply is aligned with the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation, which allows a progressive realisation of the universal access to safe water. However, supported Self-supply is not a way to exempt government from its duties: Government has specific roles to play to ensure that everybody will have access to safe water finally.
- To sustain and to take Self-supply to scale there is need for contextualised support as well as long-term engagement, capacity development at all levels, M&E and technical support, reliable funding and learning and sharing.
- Interministerial cooperation and champions within government agencies are needed to ensure sustainable embedding and for taking Self-supply further, particularly in remote rural areas.
- There is no-one-size-fits-all solution for supported Self-supply – for each programme, it needs a contextualized design and follow-up to achieve desired impact.
- Hygiene promotion, including Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS), is highly recommended for any non-piped water supply services, including Self-supply water sources.
- The huge potential for substantially improving the level of water supply for millions of people in rural areas should be accessed through supported Self-supply. Some countries have endorsed supported Self-supply as service delivery model, such as Zimbabwe or Sierra Leone, and in Ethiopia, Self-supply is now being scaled up at national level.
More Information
» Review of Self-supply and its support services in African countries: Synthesis Report). | What are some of the benefits reported from having access to Self-supply water sources? |
| All Android applications categories
Description
Coolands for Twitter is a revolutionary twitter client. It has many unique features, gives you the best mobile twitter experience you never imagined before.
The first unique feature is Real-Time.
You can’t find any refresh button in this app, because you absolutely don’t need to. Every time you open it, you’ll get the latest tweets and while you’re reading, you’ll get incoming tweets in Real-Time. So if your friend mentioned you, you can reply instantly.
The second unique feature is Avatar Indicator.
Avatar Indicator is small avatars showed on the title bar to indicate that you’ve got new message/tweet/mention. Since it’s real-time, you’ll keep getting incoming tweets while you’re reading your older timeline, Avatar-Indicator will let you know who’s tweet you’ve just got, and decide whether to check it out right away.
The third unique feature is Direct Link
I think it is obviously the most intuitive and convenient way to open a link. When you want to open a link, just click it in the time line . You can also click a username to open a profile window, click a hash tag to open a search result window. Different kind of links displayed in different colors, you can change it to whatever color you like.
The fourth unique feature is Smart Bookmark
Have you ever experienced this scenario? When you are reading your home timeline, the app notified you that you’ve got some new tweets, you click “go-to-top” button to read the newest tweets, and then you want to get back to the previous position to continue your reading. How can you do this? In other twitter clients you have to scroll down all the way to find where you were, a lot of time wasted. But in this app, “go-to-top” button will appear when you scrolling up, click it, you can got to top, read the newest tweets. After that when you scrolling down, Smart Bookmark button will appear at the corner. Click it, you can get back to exactly where you were.
The fifth unique feature is User Level Notification
Notification for all your new tweets is meaningless, if you following more than a few users, you’ll get new tweets all the time. What if you only want to be notified when someone you most care about posted a new tweet? In this app, it’s easy. You can change your friend’s notification setting directly in his/her profile screen. You can also set different notification ringtone for your friends respectively. So when you heard a notification ringtone, you’ll know who he/she is without the need to open your phone. And you can manage all the enabled User-Level-Notification settings in one place.
Also has most of the basic twitter client features, like post/delete tweets, retweet, retweet with comment, reply, quote, send/delete direct message, subscribe/unsubscribe lists, follow/unfollow user, multiple accounts support, append picture with your tweets, mention auto complete, recent search auto complete, conversation view.
Please give me feedbacks if you have tried it, and I PROMISE to reply all your emails.
1.30-1.36 update:
*Ad-Free.
*3 times faster when launching and loading older tweets.
*Support unlimited accounts rather than 3 accounts.
*Support notifications for all accounts rather than only for the current account.
*Improved mention suggestion feature.
*Use URL link to do RT with comment, so you can comment more characters.
*Conversation view, click the orange(you can change the color) username in replied tweet to show conversation view.
*Support longer tweet, longer tweet will be converted to a picture automatically. You really should try it out your self.
*Refined tweet composing view, to support longer tweet.
*Support handle text shared by other app.
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Screenshots | What are the unique features of the Coolands for Twitter app? |
* Loss: [MultipleNegativesRankingLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"scale": 20.0,
"similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
}
```
### Evaluation Dataset
#### Unnamed Dataset
* Size: 500 evaluation samples
* Columns: positive and anchor
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | positive | anchor |
|:--------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string |
| details | - min: 188 tokens
- mean: 460.02 tokens
- max: 512 tokens
| - min: 10 tokens
- mean: 18.91 tokens
- max: 39 tokens
|
* Samples:
| positive | anchor |
|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Perhaps Not such a Good Idea
I have found trying to run a blog is very time-consuming, and there are other calls on my time. I think it has been demonstrated that if enough people are unable to self-moderate, the nuggets of interest are swamped by the rubbish. Sadly I agree with Mark Frank's assessment. I had hoped more thread topics would be proposed nothing has been suggested by anyone for a while.
My personal view is that, considering DaveScot's generally perceived blog persona, I have to admit that he hasn't been (on this site) quite the unmitigated disaster predicted. John Davison, on the other hand has conformed perfectly to predictions, which is a shame, but his choice.
I am happy to let things run for a while, but would like to hear from anyone who has a suggestion for a thread topic. Post here or in the suggestions thread
23 comments:
How about an "ID: show me the research" thread?
OK Rich, put some meat on the bones and I'll paste it.
Of course I have. I have no respect for you or your cronies from Psnda's Thumb. What did you expect kudos? What do you want another thread for? No one has even attempted to answer my four challenges yet. You know why? I do. It is because they can't, because everything you and your Darwimpian cronies stand for is a myth, an illusion and a hoax. That's why. You might as well close down this flame pit while you are behind as it isn't going anywhere.
It is hard to believe isn't it?
I love it so!
" "How about an "ID: show me the research" thread? "
Alan Fox said...
OK Rich, put some meat on the bones and I'll paste it. "
Why is there no ID research, even on Dembski's blog?
Why does ID consist solely of an opinion that some parts of human biology are designed?
How would IDers actually prove that some parts of human biology are in fact designed?
Expand a bit on the theme, Wonderpants and I'll start a thread if you like.
"My personal view is that, considering DaveScot's generally perceived blog persona, I have to admit that he hasn't been (on this site) quite the unmitigated disaster predicted. "
At a guess, it's because he can't duck or delete awkward subjects. I note from skimming through the threads though that he's been rather selective as to which ones he posts in, namely the ones that don't pose awkward ID questions. ;-)
Well, we can't torture a confession out of him. As Lenny points out frequently, an absence of an answer is in itself an answer. What about a thread from you, entitled " My awkard questions for DaveScot"?
I'm not sure how much meat can be put on the bones of a non-existent project, but here's my thought:
I would really like to hear about actual research projects that can be / are being done. Without knowing of any that are running currently, I'm not sure if it would be a good thread to start, but maybe you could ask for ideas.
It could be a thread dedicated to lab experiments. If X is designed, we will find Y. Here's how we find Y in the lab. Then we watch for the landslide of X and Y that get suggested and, of course, the methods that actually find these things.
Why would they start posting it now, though, after years of keeping it secret?
JAD: I have no respect for you or your cronies from Psnda's Thumb.
Which raises the obvious question of why you hang around in forums like this. Why not submit your work to a technical journal where real scientists will read it?
Well, unless and until Wonderpants or Blipey want to expand on it, I have framed a thread along the line suggested.
I think a good thread would be "Place A Vote For or Against the Banning of Professor Emeritus John Davison".
I invade the ephemeral meaningless world of cyberdom for amusement on the outside chance that I might find a rational mind once in a while, one like johndarius for example. Mostly I encounter mentally impaired ideologues with IQs in the room temperature range or hostile, rabid, certifiably deranged schizophrenic sociopaths like Spravid Dinger. This particular blog seems to be blessed with both varieties.
Naturally -
I love it so!
I'll try and think of something tomorrow.
Been watching the footie tonight.
Props to France for winning aghainst Spain, Alan.
Ah, the World Cup. Something else Mrs Fox and I disagree on. Yes there would have been a few glum faces at work tomorrow. Now if only France can beat Brazil, and England beat Portugal.
JAD, you didn't answer my second question: Why not submit your work to a technical journal where real scientists will read it?
Why would real scientists want to read the nonsensical ramblings of a pseudoscientist?
Give me a shout if you need some "help."
Naturally -
I love it so!
But JAD won't publish in a scientific journal any longer. According to his second post, we can assume that he visits Nature's website "for amusement on the outside chance that [he] might find a rational mind once in a while, one like a [creationist] for example. Mostly [he] encounters mentally impaired [evolutionary biologists] "
I can't think of a single great scientist who wouldn't describe himself as a creationist, not one. Can anyone?
I love it so!
Democritus, Sagan, Darwin, Edison, Feynman, Curie, just to name a handful.
Of course, they never managed to publish in Rivista... [snicker]
Feynman once described scientific discovery as a religious experience. I agree entirely as I have had the same experience. That anyone could describe Darwin as a scientist is unthinkable. I didn't know that about Curie and tend not to accept it without some documentation.
I love it so!
What a sad little weasel you are. Feynman was an avowed atheist. Curie was raised Catholic but became an atheist on the death of her mother. Darwin was 100 times the scientist you are.
Creationism is all but dead among true scientists; critical inquiry is poison to that superstitious twaddle. | What is the author's personal view on DaveScot's blog persona? |
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| I just started a new blog on my ultralight gear. My gear list in all it's glory is located on: each item of gear, I'm writing an in-depth review for the item and how we have used it. Would love to get feedback and the site and our gear and/or comments from people on how we can fine tune.Currently my wifes pack is 7.5 lbs base weight, and mine is 10.5 lbs.Thanks!-Brett
Edited by brettmarl on 09/09/2006 15:59:48 MDT.
Brett, Your BLOG looks good.You should put the size of your items where their is one such as pants, shoes, jacket etc. There is a golf like "handicap' for anyone that wears larger then size medium or size 9.5 shoe. Sure.I think you might recheck some of your math. Not sure but some totals look low. Don't trust the posted weightof gear, weigh it yourself if you haven't.Why is your pack list so heavy?
I agree, nice looking blog. Bill is right on listing the sizes, other than that....looks great!
Brett - nice list, and nice format!(One small typo: it currently says "Cloudburt" for the tent.)
Edited by slnsf on 09/09/2006 18:08:48 MDT.
Great site with good info. I'm trying to decide between the GoLite Infinity and Jam and I think after reading your blog, that the Jam should be plenty big.I'm interested to see what's in your first aid kit.Also, any issues with the water purification tablets? I currently use a MSR miniworks pump and I'm looking to lighten up...
At first I thought you might not be warm enough as I reviewed your North Cascade hike, then I recounted your layers. Very nice site! What I was a little confused about was the opening statement of getting four days of backpacking gear into a pack, yet at the bottom the food for two was estimated for three days. However I now understand that these are not mutually exclusive statements.
thanks for the feedback.i fixed the cloudburt typo (thanks), and the 4 vs. 3 days. ai also completed all my gear posts - including the innards of my first aid kit and my experiences with the MicroPUR tabs.the weights listed should be the ones that i weighed myself (unless, i've mis-typed in some areas)bill - you say to check my math with "Why is your pack list so heavy?". not sure what you are refering to here.great idea on including the sizes.
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SUBSCRIBE NOW » | What are the base weights of the blogger's and his wife's packs? |
* Loss: [MultipleNegativesRankingLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"scale": 20.0,
"similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
}
```
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 10
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 10
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `fp16`: True
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
#### All Hyperparameters
Click to expand
- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 10
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 10
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: True
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`:
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional