| Citation Request: | |
| This breast cancer databases was obtained from the University of Wisconsin | |
| Hospitals, Madison from Dr. William H. Wolberg. If you publish results | |
| when using this database, then please include this information in your | |
| acknowledgements. Also, please cite one or more of: | |
| 1. O. L. Mangasarian and W. H. Wolberg: "Cancer diagnosis via linear | |
| programming", SIAM News, Volume 23, Number 5, September 1990, pp 1 & 18. | |
| 2. William H. Wolberg and O.L. Mangasarian: "Multisurface method of | |
| pattern separation for medical diagnosis applied to breast cytology", | |
| Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., Volume 87, | |
| December 1990, pp 9193-9196. | |
| 3. O. L. Mangasarian, R. Setiono, and W.H. Wolberg: "Pattern recognition | |
| via linear programming: Theory and application to medical diagnosis", | |
| in: "Large-scale numerical optimization", Thomas F. Coleman and Yuying | |
| Li, editors, SIAM Publications, Philadelphia 1990, pp 22-30. | |
| 4. K. P. Bennett & O. L. Mangasarian: "Robust linear programming | |
| discrimination of two linearly inseparable sets", Optimization Methods | |
| and Software 1, 1992, 23-34 (Gordon & Breach Science Publishers). | |
| 1. Title: Wisconsin Breast Cancer Database (January 8, 1991) | |
| 2. Sources: | |
| -- Dr. WIlliam H. Wolberg (physician) | |
| University of Wisconsin Hospitals | |
| Madison, Wisconsin | |
| USA | |
| -- Donor: Olvi Mangasarian (mangasarian@cs.wisc.edu) | |
| Received by David W. Aha (aha@cs.jhu.edu) | |
| -- Date: 15 July 1992 | |
| 3. Past Usage: | |
| Attributes 2 through 10 have been used to represent instances. | |
| Each instance has one of 2 possible classes: benign or malignant. | |
| 1. Wolberg,~W.~H., \& Mangasarian,~O.~L. (1990). Multisurface method of | |
| pattern separation for medical diagnosis applied to breast cytology. In | |
| {\it Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, {\it 87}, | |
| 9193--9196. | |
| -- Size of data set: only 369 instances (at that point in time) | |
| -- Collected classification results: 1 trial only | |
| -- Two pairs of parallel hyperplanes were found to be consistent with | |
| 50% of the data | |
| -- Accuracy on remaining 50% of dataset: 93.5% | |
| -- Three pairs of parallel hyperplanes were found to be consistent with | |
| 67% of data | |
| -- Accuracy on remaining 33% of dataset: 95.9% | |
| 2. Zhang,~J. (1992). Selecting typical instances in instance-based | |
| learning. In {\it Proceedings of the Ninth International Machine | |
| Learning Conference} (pp. 470--479). Aberdeen, Scotland: Morgan | |
| Kaufmann. | |
| -- Size of data set: only 369 instances (at that point in time) | |
| -- Applied 4 instance-based learning algorithms | |
| -- Collected classification results averaged over 10 trials | |
| -- Best accuracy result: | |
| -- 1-nearest neighbor: 93.7% | |
| -- trained on 200 instances, tested on the other 169 | |
| -- Also of interest: | |
| -- Using only typical instances: 92.2% (storing only 23.1 instances) | |
| -- trained on 200 instances, tested on the other 169 | |
| 4. Relevant Information: | |
| Samples arrive periodically as Dr. Wolberg reports his clinical cases. | |
| The database therefore reflects this chronological grouping of the data. | |
| This grouping information appears immediately below, having been removed | |
| from the data itself: | |
| Group 1: 367 instances (January 1989) | |
| Group 2: 70 instances (October 1989) | |
| Group 3: 31 instances (February 1990) | |
| Group 4: 17 instances (April 1990) | |
| Group 5: 48 instances (August 1990) | |
| Group 6: 49 instances (Updated January 1991) | |
| Group 7: 31 instances (June 1991) | |
| Group 8: 86 instances (November 1991) | |
| ----------------------------------------- | |
| Total: 699 points (as of the donated datbase on 15 July 1992) | |
| Note that the results summarized above in Past Usage refer to a dataset | |
| of size 369, while Group 1 has only 367 instances. This is because it | |
| originally contained 369 instances; 2 were removed. The following | |
| statements summarizes changes to the original Group 1's set of data: | |
| ##### Group 1 : 367 points: 200B 167M (January 1989) | |
| ##### Revised Jan 10, 1991: Replaced zero bare nuclei in 1080185 & 1187805 | |
| ##### Revised Nov 22,1991: Removed 765878,4,5,9,7,10,10,10,3,8,1 no record | |
| ##### : Removed 484201,2,7,8,8,4,3,10,3,4,1 zero epithelial | |
| ##### : Changed 0 to 1 in field 6 of sample 1219406 | |
| ##### : Changed 0 to 1 in field 8 of following sample: | |
| ##### : 1182404,2,3,1,1,1,2,0,1,1,1 | |
| 5. Number of Instances: 699 (as of 15 July 1992) | |
| 6. Number of Attributes: 10 plus the class attribute | |
| 7. Attribute Information: (class attribute has been moved to last column) | |
| # Attribute Domain | |
| -- ----------------------------------------- | |
| 1. Sample code number id number | |
| 2. Clump Thickness 1 - 10 | |
| 3. Uniformity of Cell Size 1 - 10 | |
| 4. Uniformity of Cell Shape 1 - 10 | |
| 5. Marginal Adhesion 1 - 10 | |
| 6. Single Epithelial Cell Size 1 - 10 | |
| 7. Bare Nuclei 1 - 10 | |
| 8. Bland Chromatin 1 - 10 | |
| 9. Normal Nucleoli 1 - 10 | |
| 10. Mitoses 1 - 10 | |
| 11. Class: (2 for benign, 4 for malignant) | |
| 8. Missing attribute values: 16 | |
| There are 16 instances in Groups 1 to 6 that contain a single missing | |
| (i.e., unavailable) attribute value, now denoted by "?". | |
| 9. Class distribution: | |
| Benign: 458 (65.5%) | |
| Malignant: 241 (34.5%) | |