--- base_model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 datasets: [] language: - en library_name: sentence-transformers license: apache-2.0 metrics: - cosine_accuracy@1 - cosine_accuracy@3 - cosine_accuracy@5 - cosine_accuracy@10 - cosine_precision@1 - cosine_precision@3 - cosine_precision@5 - cosine_precision@10 - cosine_recall@1 - cosine_recall@3 - cosine_recall@5 - cosine_recall@10 - cosine_ndcg@10 - cosine_mrr@10 - cosine_map@100 pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity tags: - sentence-transformers - sentence-similarity - feature-extraction - generated_from_trainer - dataset_size:6300 - loss:MatryoshkaLoss - loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss widget: - source_sentence: Interest expense increased nominally by 1% from $935 million in 2022 to $944 million in 2023, and the change reflected only a small adjustment in the financial operations. sentences: - What recent technological advancements has the company implemented in set-top box (STB) solutions? - How much did the interest expense change from 2022 to 2023? - What are the conditions under which AENB is restricted from making dividend distributions to TRS without OCC approval? - source_sentence: Our products are sold in approximately 105 countries. sentences: - How much were the costs related to the January 2023 restructuring plan? - In how many countries are Eli Lilly and Company's products sold? - What led to the 74.3% decrease in total net revenues for the Corporate and Other segment in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022? - source_sentence: Item 8 is numbered as 39 in the document. sentences: - What number is associated with Item 8 in the document? - What was the total amount of fixed lease payment obligations as of December 31, 2023? - By how much would a 25 basis point increase in the expected rate of return on assets (ROA) affect the 2024 Pension Expense for U.S. plans? - source_sentence: The Intelligent Edge business segment under the Aruba brand includes a portfolio of solutions for secure edge-to-cloud connectivity, embracing work from anywhere environments, mobility, and IoT device connectivity. sentences: - What types of wireless services does AT&T provide in Mexico? - What was the approximate amount of civil penalties agreed upon in the consent agreement with the EPA in November 2023? - What is the focus of HPE's Intelligent Edge business segment? - source_sentence: As part of our solar energy system and energy storage contracts, we may provide the customer with performance guarantees that commit that the underlying system will meet or exceed the minimum energy generation or performance requirements specified in the contract. sentences: - What types of guarantees does Tesla provide to its solar and energy storage customers? - How many full-time employees did Microsoft report as of June 30, 2023? - How are the details about the company's legal proceedings provided in the report? model-index: - name: BGE base Financial Matryoshka results: - task: type: information-retrieval name: Information Retrieval dataset: name: dim 768 type: dim_768 metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy@1 value: 0.71 name: Cosine Accuracy@1 - type: cosine_accuracy@3 value: 0.84 name: Cosine Accuracy@3 - type: cosine_accuracy@5 value: 0.8685714285714285 name: Cosine Accuracy@5 - type: cosine_accuracy@10 value: 0.9142857142857143 name: Cosine Accuracy@10 - type: cosine_precision@1 value: 0.71 name: Cosine Precision@1 - type: cosine_precision@3 value: 0.28 name: Cosine Precision@3 - type: cosine_precision@5 value: 0.1737142857142857 name: Cosine Precision@5 - type: cosine_precision@10 value: 0.09142857142857143 name: Cosine Precision@10 - type: cosine_recall@1 value: 0.71 name: Cosine Recall@1 - type: cosine_recall@3 value: 0.84 name: Cosine Recall@3 - type: cosine_recall@5 value: 0.8685714285714285 name: Cosine Recall@5 - type: cosine_recall@10 value: 0.9142857142857143 name: Cosine Recall@10 - type: cosine_ndcg@10 value: 0.8124537511621754 name: Cosine Ndcg@10 - type: cosine_mrr@10 value: 0.7797726757369615 name: Cosine Mrr@10 - type: cosine_map@100 value: 0.7826418437079763 name: Cosine Map@100 - task: type: information-retrieval name: Information Retrieval dataset: name: dim 512 type: dim_512 metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy@1 value: 0.7042857142857143 name: Cosine Accuracy@1 - type: cosine_accuracy@3 value: 0.8357142857142857 name: Cosine Accuracy@3 - type: cosine_accuracy@5 value: 0.8657142857142858 name: Cosine Accuracy@5 - type: cosine_accuracy@10 value: 0.9114285714285715 name: Cosine Accuracy@10 - type: cosine_precision@1 value: 0.7042857142857143 name: Cosine Precision@1 - type: cosine_precision@3 value: 0.2785714285714286 name: Cosine Precision@3 - type: cosine_precision@5 value: 0.17314285714285713 name: Cosine Precision@5 - type: cosine_precision@10 value: 0.09114285714285714 name: Cosine Precision@10 - type: cosine_recall@1 value: 0.7042857142857143 name: Cosine Recall@1 - type: cosine_recall@3 value: 0.8357142857142857 name: Cosine Recall@3 - type: cosine_recall@5 value: 0.8657142857142858 name: Cosine Recall@5 - type: cosine_recall@10 value: 0.9114285714285715 name: Cosine Recall@10 - type: cosine_ndcg@10 value: 0.8077533543226267 name: Cosine Ndcg@10 - type: cosine_mrr@10 value: 0.77450283446712 name: Cosine Mrr@10 - type: cosine_map@100 value: 0.7775892822045911 name: Cosine Map@100 - task: type: information-retrieval name: Information Retrieval dataset: name: dim 256 type: dim_256 metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy@1 value: 0.7028571428571428 name: Cosine Accuracy@1 - type: cosine_accuracy@3 value: 0.8228571428571428 name: Cosine Accuracy@3 - type: cosine_accuracy@5 value: 0.8585714285714285 name: Cosine Accuracy@5 - type: cosine_accuracy@10 value: 0.8971428571428571 name: Cosine Accuracy@10 - type: cosine_precision@1 value: 0.7028571428571428 name: Cosine Precision@1 - type: cosine_precision@3 value: 0.2742857142857143 name: Cosine Precision@3 - type: cosine_precision@5 value: 0.1717142857142857 name: Cosine Precision@5 - type: cosine_precision@10 value: 0.0897142857142857 name: Cosine Precision@10 - type: cosine_recall@1 value: 0.7028571428571428 name: Cosine Recall@1 - type: cosine_recall@3 value: 0.8228571428571428 name: Cosine Recall@3 - type: cosine_recall@5 value: 0.8585714285714285 name: Cosine Recall@5 - type: cosine_recall@10 value: 0.8971428571428571 name: Cosine Recall@10 - type: cosine_ndcg@10 value: 0.8004396670945336 name: Cosine Ndcg@10 - type: cosine_mrr@10 value: 0.7693480725623582 name: Cosine Mrr@10 - type: cosine_map@100 value: 0.7733203320348766 name: Cosine Map@100 - task: type: information-retrieval name: Information Retrieval dataset: name: dim 128 type: dim_128 metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy@1 value: 0.6771428571428572 name: Cosine Accuracy@1 - type: cosine_accuracy@3 value: 0.8142857142857143 name: Cosine Accuracy@3 - type: cosine_accuracy@5 value: 0.8542857142857143 name: Cosine Accuracy@5 - type: cosine_accuracy@10 value: 0.8971428571428571 name: Cosine Accuracy@10 - type: cosine_precision@1 value: 0.6771428571428572 name: Cosine Precision@1 - type: cosine_precision@3 value: 0.2714285714285714 name: Cosine Precision@3 - type: cosine_precision@5 value: 0.17085714285714285 name: Cosine Precision@5 - type: cosine_precision@10 value: 0.0897142857142857 name: Cosine Precision@10 - type: cosine_recall@1 value: 0.6771428571428572 name: Cosine Recall@1 - type: cosine_recall@3 value: 0.8142857142857143 name: Cosine Recall@3 - type: cosine_recall@5 value: 0.8542857142857143 name: Cosine Recall@5 - type: cosine_recall@10 value: 0.8971428571428571 name: Cosine Recall@10 - type: cosine_ndcg@10 value: 0.788715031897326 name: Cosine Ndcg@10 - type: cosine_mrr@10 value: 0.7538418367346936 name: Cosine Mrr@10 - type: cosine_map@100 value: 0.7573369186799356 name: Cosine Map@100 - task: type: information-retrieval name: Information Retrieval dataset: name: dim 64 type: dim_64 metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy@1 value: 0.6642857142857143 name: Cosine Accuracy@1 - type: cosine_accuracy@3 value: 0.7814285714285715 name: Cosine Accuracy@3 - type: cosine_accuracy@5 value: 0.8128571428571428 name: Cosine Accuracy@5 - type: cosine_accuracy@10 value: 0.86 name: Cosine Accuracy@10 - type: cosine_precision@1 value: 0.6642857142857143 name: Cosine Precision@1 - type: cosine_precision@3 value: 0.2604761904761905 name: Cosine Precision@3 - type: cosine_precision@5 value: 0.16257142857142853 name: Cosine Precision@5 - type: cosine_precision@10 value: 0.086 name: Cosine Precision@10 - type: cosine_recall@1 value: 0.6642857142857143 name: Cosine Recall@1 - type: cosine_recall@3 value: 0.7814285714285715 name: Cosine Recall@3 - type: cosine_recall@5 value: 0.8128571428571428 name: Cosine Recall@5 - type: cosine_recall@10 value: 0.86 name: Cosine Recall@10 - type: cosine_ndcg@10 value: 0.7600084252085629 name: Cosine Ndcg@10 - type: cosine_mrr@10 value: 0.7282585034013601 name: Cosine Mrr@10 - type: cosine_map@100 value: 0.733116708012112 name: Cosine Map@100 --- # BGE base Financial Matryoshka This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co./BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more. ## Model Details ### Model Description - **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer - **Base model:** [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co./BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) - **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens - **Output Dimensionality:** 768 tokens - **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity - **Language:** en - **License:** apache-2.0 ### Model Sources - **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net) - **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers) - **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co./models?library=sentence-transformers) ### Full Model Architecture ``` SentenceTransformer( (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True}) (2): Normalize() ) ``` ## Usage ### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers) First install the Sentence Transformers library: ```bash pip install -U sentence-transformers ``` Then you can load this model and run inference. ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer # Download from the 🤗 Hub model = SentenceTransformer("Naruke/bge-base-financial-matryoshka") # Run inference sentences = [ 'As part of our solar energy system and energy storage contracts, we may provide the customer with performance guarantees that commit that the underlying system will meet or exceed the minimum energy generation or performance requirements specified in the contract.', 'What types of guarantees does Tesla provide to its solar and energy storage customers?', 'How many full-time employees did Microsoft report as of June 30, 2023?', ] embeddings = model.encode(sentences) print(embeddings.shape) # [3, 768] # Get the similarity scores for the embeddings similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings) print(similarities.shape) # [3, 3] ``` ## Evaluation ### Metrics #### Information Retrieval * Dataset: `dim_768` * Evaluated with [InformationRetrievalEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator) | Metric | Value | |:--------------------|:-----------| | cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.71 | | cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.84 | | cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.8686 | | cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.9143 | | cosine_precision@1 | 0.71 | | cosine_precision@3 | 0.28 | | cosine_precision@5 | 0.1737 | | cosine_precision@10 | 0.0914 | | cosine_recall@1 | 0.71 | | cosine_recall@3 | 0.84 | | cosine_recall@5 | 0.8686 | | cosine_recall@10 | 0.9143 | | cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.8125 | | cosine_mrr@10 | 0.7798 | | **cosine_map@100** | **0.7826** | #### Information Retrieval * Dataset: `dim_512` * Evaluated with [InformationRetrievalEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator) | Metric | Value | |:--------------------|:-----------| | cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.7043 | | cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.8357 | | cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.8657 | | cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.9114 | | cosine_precision@1 | 0.7043 | | cosine_precision@3 | 0.2786 | | cosine_precision@5 | 0.1731 | | cosine_precision@10 | 0.0911 | | cosine_recall@1 | 0.7043 | | cosine_recall@3 | 0.8357 | | cosine_recall@5 | 0.8657 | | cosine_recall@10 | 0.9114 | | cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.8078 | | cosine_mrr@10 | 0.7745 | | **cosine_map@100** | **0.7776** | #### Information Retrieval * Dataset: `dim_256` * Evaluated with [InformationRetrievalEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator) | Metric | Value | |:--------------------|:-----------| | cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.7029 | | cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.8229 | | cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.8586 | | cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.8971 | | cosine_precision@1 | 0.7029 | | cosine_precision@3 | 0.2743 | | cosine_precision@5 | 0.1717 | | cosine_precision@10 | 0.0897 | | cosine_recall@1 | 0.7029 | | cosine_recall@3 | 0.8229 | | cosine_recall@5 | 0.8586 | | cosine_recall@10 | 0.8971 | | cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.8004 | | cosine_mrr@10 | 0.7693 | | **cosine_map@100** | **0.7733** | #### Information Retrieval * Dataset: `dim_128` * Evaluated with [InformationRetrievalEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator) | Metric | Value | |:--------------------|:-----------| | cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.6771 | | cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.8143 | | cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.8543 | | cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.8971 | | cosine_precision@1 | 0.6771 | | cosine_precision@3 | 0.2714 | | cosine_precision@5 | 0.1709 | | cosine_precision@10 | 0.0897 | | cosine_recall@1 | 0.6771 | | cosine_recall@3 | 0.8143 | | cosine_recall@5 | 0.8543 | | cosine_recall@10 | 0.8971 | | cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.7887 | | cosine_mrr@10 | 0.7538 | | **cosine_map@100** | **0.7573** | #### Information Retrieval * Dataset: `dim_64` * Evaluated with [InformationRetrievalEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator) | Metric | Value | |:--------------------|:-----------| | cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.6643 | | cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.7814 | | cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.8129 | | cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.86 | | cosine_precision@1 | 0.6643 | | cosine_precision@3 | 0.2605 | | cosine_precision@5 | 0.1626 | | cosine_precision@10 | 0.086 | | cosine_recall@1 | 0.6643 | | cosine_recall@3 | 0.7814 | | cosine_recall@5 | 0.8129 | | cosine_recall@10 | 0.86 | | cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.76 | | cosine_mrr@10 | 0.7283 | | **cosine_map@100** | **0.7331** | ## Training Details ### Training Dataset #### Unnamed Dataset * Size: 6,300 training samples * Columns: positive and anchor * Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: | | positive | anchor | |:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | type | string | string | | details | | | * Samples: | positive | anchor | |:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | The detailed information about commitments and contingencies related to legal proceedings is included under Note 13 in Part II, Item 8 of the Annual Report. | Where can detailed information about the commitments and contingencies related to legal proceedings be found in the Annual Report on Form 10-K? | | American Express's decision to reinvest gains into its business will depend on regulatory and other approvals, consultation requirements, the execution of ancillary agreements, the cost and availability of financing for the purchaser to fund the transaction and the potential loss of key customers, vendors and other business partners and management’s decisions regarding future operations, strategies and business initiatives. | What factors influence American Express's decision to reinvest gains into its business? | | Lease obligations as of June 30, 2023, related to office space and various facilities totaled $883.1 million, with lease terms ranging from one to 21 years and are mostly renewable. | How much were lease obligations related to office space and other facilities as of June 30, 2023, and what were the terms? | * Loss: [MatryoshkaLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#matryoshkaloss) with these parameters: ```json { "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss", "matryoshka_dims": [ 768, 512, 256, 128, 64 ], "matryoshka_weights": [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ], "n_dims_per_step": -1 } ``` ### Training Hyperparameters #### Non-Default Hyperparameters - `eval_strategy`: epoch - `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16 - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 - `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 16 - `learning_rate`: 2e-05 - `num_train_epochs`: 2 - `lr_scheduler_type`: cosine - `warmup_ratio`: 0.1 - `bf16`: True - `load_best_model_at_end`: True - `optim`: adamw_torch_fused - `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates #### All Hyperparameters
Click to expand - `overwrite_output_dir`: False - `do_predict`: False - `eval_strategy`: epoch - `prediction_loss_only`: True - `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16 - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 - `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None - `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None - `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 16 - `eval_accumulation_steps`: None - `learning_rate`: 2e-05 - `weight_decay`: 0.0 - `adam_beta1`: 0.9 - `adam_beta2`: 0.999 - `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08 - `max_grad_norm`: 1.0 - `num_train_epochs`: 2 - `max_steps`: -1 - `lr_scheduler_type`: cosine - `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {} - `warmup_ratio`: 0.1 - `warmup_steps`: 0 - `log_level`: passive - `log_level_replica`: warning - `log_on_each_node`: True - `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True - `save_safetensors`: True - `save_on_each_node`: False - `save_only_model`: False - `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False - `no_cuda`: False - `use_cpu`: False - `use_mps_device`: False - `seed`: 42 - `data_seed`: None - `jit_mode_eval`: False - `use_ipex`: False - `bf16`: True - `fp16`: False - `fp16_opt_level`: O1 - `half_precision_backend`: auto - `bf16_full_eval`: False - `fp16_full_eval`: False - `tf32`: None - `local_rank`: 0 - `ddp_backend`: None - `tpu_num_cores`: None - `tpu_metrics_debug`: False - `debug`: [] - `dataloader_drop_last`: False - `dataloader_num_workers`: 0 - `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None - `past_index`: -1 - `disable_tqdm`: False - `remove_unused_columns`: True - `label_names`: None - `load_best_model_at_end`: True - `ignore_data_skip`: False - `fsdp`: [] - `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0 - `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False} - `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None - `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None} - `deepspeed`: None - `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0 - `optim`: adamw_torch_fused - `optim_args`: None - `adafactor`: False - `group_by_length`: False - `length_column_name`: length - `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None - `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None - `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False - `dataloader_pin_memory`: True - `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False - `skip_memory_metrics`: True - `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False - `push_to_hub`: False - `resume_from_checkpoint`: None - `hub_model_id`: None - `hub_strategy`: every_save - `hub_private_repo`: False - `hub_always_push`: False - `gradient_checkpointing`: False - `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None - `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False - `eval_do_concat_batches`: True - `fp16_backend`: auto - `push_to_hub_model_id`: None - `push_to_hub_organization`: None - `mp_parameters`: - `auto_find_batch_size`: False - `full_determinism`: False - `torchdynamo`: None - `ray_scope`: last - `ddp_timeout`: 1800 - `torch_compile`: False - `torch_compile_backend`: None - `torch_compile_mode`: None - `dispatch_batches`: None - `split_batches`: None - `include_tokens_per_second`: False - `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False - `neftune_noise_alpha`: None - `optim_target_modules`: None - `batch_eval_metrics`: False - `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates - `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
### Training Logs | Epoch | Step | Training Loss | dim_128_cosine_map@100 | dim_256_cosine_map@100 | dim_512_cosine_map@100 | dim_64_cosine_map@100 | dim_768_cosine_map@100 | |:----------:|:------:|:-------------:|:----------------------:|:----------------------:|:----------------------:|:---------------------:|:----------------------:| | 0.4061 | 10 | 0.9835 | - | - | - | - | - | | 0.8122 | 20 | 0.4319 | - | - | - | - | - | | 0.9746 | 24 | - | 0.7541 | 0.7729 | 0.7738 | 0.7242 | 0.7786 | | 1.2183 | 30 | 0.3599 | - | - | - | - | - | | 1.6244 | 40 | 0.2596 | - | - | - | - | - | | **1.9492** | **48** | **-** | **0.7573** | **0.7733** | **0.7776** | **0.7331** | **0.7826** | * The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint. ### Framework Versions - Python: 3.10.12 - Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1 - Transformers: 4.41.2 - PyTorch: 2.3.0+cu121 - Accelerate: 0.32.1 - Datasets: 2.20.0 - Tokenizers: 0.19.1 ## Citation ### BibTeX #### Sentence Transformers ```bibtex @inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", month = "11", year = "2019", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", } ``` #### MatryoshkaLoss ```bibtex @misc{kusupati2024matryoshka, title={Matryoshka Representation Learning}, author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi}, year={2024}, eprint={2205.13147}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.LG} } ``` #### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss ```bibtex @misc{henderson2017efficient, title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil}, year={2017}, eprint={1705.00652}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } ```