---
library_name: sentence-transformers
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- feature-extraction
- sentence-similarity
- transformers
- sentence-embedding
license: apache-2.0
language:
    - fr
    - en
---

# [bilingual-embedding-small](https://huggingface.co./Lajavaness/bilingual-embedding-small)

Bilingual-embedding is the Embedding Model for bilingual language: french and english. This model is a specialized sentence-embedding trained specifically for the bilingual language, leveraging the robust capabilities of [XLM-RoBERTa](https://huggingface.co./intfloat/multilingual-e5-small), a pre-trained language model based on the [XLM-RoBERTa](https://huggingface.co./intfloat/multilingual-e5-small) architecture. The model utilizes xlm-roberta to encode english-french sentences into a 1024-dimensional vector space, facilitating a wide range of applications from semantic search to text clustering. The embeddings capture the nuanced meanings of english-french sentences, reflecting both the lexical and contextual layers of the language.


## Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BilingualModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Training and Fine-tuning process
#### Stage 1: NLI Training
- Dataset: [(SNLI+XNLI) for english+french]
- Method: Training using Multi-Negative Ranking Loss. This stage focused on improving the model's ability to discern and rank nuanced differences in sentence semantics.
### Stage 3: Continued Fine-tuning for Semantic Textual Similarity on STS Benchmark
- Dataset: [STSB-fr and en]
- Method: Fine-tuning specifically for the semantic textual similarity benchmark using Siamese BERT-Networks configured with the 'sentence-transformers' library. 
### Stage 4: Advanced Augmentation Fine-tuning
- Dataset: STSB with generate [silver sample from gold sample](https://www.sbert.net/examples/training/data_augmentation/README.html)
- Method: Employed an advanced strategy using [Augmented SBERT](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.08240) with Pair Sampling Strategies, integrating both Cross-Encoder and Bi-Encoder models. This stage further refined the embeddings by enriching the training data dynamically, enhancing the model's robustness and accuracy.


## Usage:

Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed:

```
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can use the model like this:

```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

sentences = ["Paris est une capitale de la France", "Paris is a capital of France"]

model = SentenceTransformer('Lajavaness/bilingual-embedding-small', trust_remote_code=True)
print(embeddings)

```





## Evaluation

TODO

## Citation

    @article{conneau2019unsupervised,
      title={Unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning at scale},
      author={Conneau, Alexis and Khandelwal, Kartikay and Goyal, Naman and Chaudhary, Vishrav and Wenzek, Guillaume and Guzm{\'a}n, Francisco and Grave, Edouard and Ott, Myle and Zettlemoyer, Luke and Stoyanov, Veselin},
      journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1911.02116},
      year={2019}
    }

	@article{reimers2019sentence,
	   title={Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks},
	   author={Nils Reimers, Iryna Gurevych},
	   journal={https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084},
	   year={2019}
	}

    @article{thakur2020augmented,
      title={Augmented SBERT: Data Augmentation Method for Improving Bi-Encoders for Pairwise Sentence Scoring Tasks},
      author={Thakur, Nandan and Reimers, Nils and Daxenberger, Johannes and Gurevych, Iryna},
      journal={arXiv e-prints},
      pages={arXiv--2010},
      year={2020}